Ancient city of Sumer and Babylonia
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2 episodes with Uruk
Synopsis: Sargon of Akkad forges the world's first Empire. “After Enlil's baleful glare Had slain Kish like the Bull of Heaven, Had slaughtered house and land of Uruk in the dust, like that monster bull, And Enlil had then and there given Sargon, king of Agade, Lordship of Uruk, kingship of Kish, From the lowlands to the upper regions, Then did holy Inanna busy herself to build Agade, the temple city, as her sublime dwelling, In Ulmash let her throne be set.” – The curse of Agade Map of SW Eurasia: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/A5_Map.png Map of the Akkadian Empire (by Simeon Netchev, World History Encyclopedia): https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/15457.png?v=1748640186-0 Episode Images: https://www.flickr.com/photos/75506172@N07/albums/72177720326959608/ References and Further Reading: https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/A5_References.pdf Please contact advertising@airwavemedia.com if you would like to advertise on this podcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
En este episodio exploramos Uruk, una de las primeras ciudades de la historia, y su profunda conexión con el Poema de Gilgamesh, la obra literaria más antigua conocida de la humanidad. A través de los versos de esta epopeya sumeria, analizamos cómo la figura de Gilgamesh refleja los valores, temores y aspiraciones del mundo mesopotámico. Descubre cómo Uruk no solo fue un centro urbano clave en el surgimiento de la civilización, sino también el escenario simbólico de una narrativa que influiría en toda la tradición literaria posterior. Hablamos de historia, mitología, religión y literatura antigua con una mirada crítica y accesible, ideal para amantes de las humanidades, la arqueología y el pensamiento clásico.
Textus: Jer 31,31-3431 Eljön az az idő – így szól az Úr –, amikor új szövetséget kötök Izráel és Júda házával. 32 Nem olyan szövetséget, amilyet őseikkel kötöttem, amikor kézen fogva vezettem ki őket Egyiptom földjéről; mert ezt a szövetséget megszegték, pedig én voltam az Uruk – így szól az Úr. Jer 11,10;Zsid 10,16-1733 Hanem ilyen lesz az a szövetség, amelyet Izráel házával fogok kötni, ha eljön az ideje – így szól az Úr –: Törvényemet beléjük helyezem, szívükbe írom be. Én Istenük leszek, ők pedig az én népem lesznek. Jer 24,7;33,834 Akkor nem tanítja többé egyik ember a másikat, ember az embertársát arra, hogy ismerje meg az Urat, mert mindenki ismerni fog engem, kicsinyek és nagyok – így szól az Úr –, mert megbocsátom bűneiket, és nem gondolok többé vétkeikre.
“Los primeros textos escritos de los que se tiene constancia son apuntes contables. Los primeros textos de la humanidad son sobre algo tan prosaico como una lista de ganado y de equipamiento agrícola encontrado en la ciudad de Uruk. Recogían las deudas de personas con otras personas y de personas con el complejo del templo. La escritura tardaría más de mil años en utilizarse para la narrativa.” Daniel acaba de publicar un libro sobre la historia del dinero y su fantástico vínculo con la escritura.Kapital es posible gracias a sus colaboradores:Indexa Capital. Gestión pasiva en fondos indexados.No es fácil encontrar un lugar seguro para tu dinero. En un mercado lleno de productos tramposos, me gusta colaborar o poner el micro a los pocos gestores, pasivos o activos, con una propuesta honesta. La fortaleza de Indexa Capital, que entraría dentro de la gestión pasiva, es una cartera de bajo coste y diversificada. Dos de sus fundadores, Unai y François, han pasado por el podcast. Si te interesa, aquí tienes mi enlace de registro para ahorrarte la comisión sobre los primeros 15.000 euros. Son tiempos inciertos en los mercados y esto significa que debes buscar opciones serias para tu dinero. Indexa Capital es sin duda una de ellas.Patrocina Kapital. Toda la información en este link.Índice:1:30 No hemos conocido dinero sano.19:46 Edificios feos en monedas débiles.32:29 La edad de oro de la seguridad.42:21 Los mercados no atacan, se defienden.59:41 El origen del dinero es el origen de la escritura.1:09:59 Número de Dunbar.1:20:00 El palacio fagocita al templo.1:31:02 Planes de guerra de Gilgamesh.1:37:22 Operación Bernhard.1:53:13 El dinero según William Stanley Jevons.2:02:01 Las piedras Rai.2:04:41 Expropiaciones de reyes ingleses.2:24:41 Esté preparado cuando vengan a por ti.2:31:03 De la bulla al bitcoin.Apuntes:Dinero: Un viaje desde Mesopotamia hasta el Bitcoin. Daniel Fernández.Epopeya de Gilgamesh. Andrew George.This time is different. Carmen Reinhart & Kenneth Rogoff.El mundo de ayer. Stefan Zweig.El patrón bitcoin. Saifedean Ammous.Antifrágil. Nassim Nicholas Taleb.La teoría de la economía política. William Stanley Jevons.
La llibreia La Salvatge acull aquest dimecres a les 19 h la presentaci
I'm reading and talking about Ted Gioia's "Immersive Humanities Course," 52 weeks of World Classics.This week I tackled the Epic of Gilgamesh and also The Dhammapada. Gilgamesh was written in approximately 2000 BC, the oldest known story in the world, and is about 1500 years older than anything I've read to date. The Dhammapada is the oldest writings of the Buddha, from approximately 450 BC, which is a lot more in line with some of the other things I've been reading. I think it's important to note the relative ages of these works and know how they fit together. Gilgamesh was an actual, historical king of a Mesopotamian city called Uruk, around 2750 BC. The poem tells the story of how he angers the gods and then makes a best friend from a former wild man, Enkidu. They go rampaging, killing beasts for the sport of it, and that angers the gods. Enkidu is cursed and falls ill. When he dies, Gilgamesh is heartbroken and goes in search of a cure for his own mortality. He fails in that quest. Here are a few of my take-aways:The style of writing feels extraordinarily primitive to me. There is something very, very basic about the story, and many times it feels like it's written with the mindset of a sixth grade boy: lots of graphic talk about sex and body parts, and lots of bloody killing. Until the last part, there wasn't much nuance and there wasn't a lot of reflection on anyone's part.The Flood story is well-described here, lending credence to an actual, world-changing flood taking place at some point in history. The narrative of it is very interesting, especially the description of a square “boat” constructed and filled with pairs of animals.Book X is much more thoughtful than earlier sections. Gilgamesh is mourning his dead friend, searching for ways that he himself might become immortal. But the only immortal human tells him:Humans are born, they live, then they die, this is the order that the gods have decreed. But until the end comes, enjoy your life, spend it in happiness, not despair. Savor your food, make each of your days a delight, bathe and anoint yourself, wear bright clothes that are sparkling clean, let music and dancing fill your house, love the child who holds you by the hand, and give your wife pleasure in your embrace. This is the best way for a man to live.And that's what it comes down to. Man will always and forever struggle with his mortality. We have and we will. The oldest and most enduring story is about the oldest and most enduring question.There is just not a lot of man-woman romance in these old stories. Only Penelope and Odysseus come to mind in the last few weeks. Here, Enkidu is seduced by the temple prostitute but there's not much more mention of women than that. I was actually surprised to see a wife mentioned in the quote above!The Dhammapada reminded me very, very much of The Analects of Confucius (Week 4). Books of aphorisms are very hard to read in big chunks, as I've already noted. It's more a matter of scanning, trying to see how things fit together, if there are over-arching themes. I have a few thoughts here as well:Some of these sayings of Buddha are good sense, and we saw them in Confucius, and we see them in Proverbs. A wrongly-directed mind will do to you far worse than any enemy; a rightly-directed one will do you good.All the talk of “emptying” and forgetting the self is bleak to me. It's a completely different mindset from the Greek philosophy I've read until now. It's not Stoic; it's a kind of blankness, a rejection of self but not an embrace of anything else as far as I can tell. Reading...
Relax with a gentle retelling of the Epic of Gilgamesh, one of the oldest stories ever told. Follow the mighty king of Uruk on a journey of friendship, loss, and the search for meaning. Including the stories of Enkidu, Cedar Forest, Humbada, Ishtar, Bull of Heaven, eternal life, Utnapishtim etc. Let this ancient Sumerian tale of courage and reflection guide you into a deep and peaceful sleep.
A rollicking adventure starring three free-spirited Victorians on a twenty-year quest to decipher cuneiform, the oldest writing in the world—from the New York Times bestselling author of The Bad-Ass Librarians of Timbuktu.It was one of history's great vanishing acts.Around 3,400 BCE—as humans were gathering in complex urban settlements—a scribe in the mud-walled city-state of Uruk picked up a reed stylus to press tiny symbols into clay. For three millennia, wedge shape cuneiform script would record the military conquests, scientific discoveries, and epic literature of the great Mesopotamian kingdoms of Sumer, Assyria, and Babylon and of Persia's mighty Achaemenid Empire, along with precious minutiae about everyday life in the cradle of civilization. And then…the meaning of the characters was lost.London, 1857. In an era obsessed with human progress, mysterious palaces emerging from the desert sands had captured the Victorian public's imagination. Yet Europe's best philologists struggled to decipher the bizarre inscriptions excavators were digging up.Enter a swashbuckling archaeologist, a suave British military officer turned diplomat, and a cloistered Irish rector, all vying for glory in a race to decipher this script that would enable them to peek farther back into human history than ever before.From the ruins of Persepolis to lawless outposts of the crumbling Ottoman Empire, The Mesopotamian Riddle whisks you on a wild adventure through the golden age of archaeology in an epic quest to understand our past.Joshua Hammer is a veteran foreign and war correspondent for Newsweek who has covered conflicts on four continents. He is the author of two previous books, A Season in Bethlehem and Chosen by God: A Brother's Journey. He has contributed articles to The New Yorker, Smithsonian, and many other publications. He lives in Cape Town, South Africa, with his wife and two sons.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/earth-ancients--2790919/support.
This week on Comics and Chronic the boys continue their covers of the LOTR Trilogy with The Two Towers. Directed by Peter JacksonThe boys go Helms Deep from Jump Street. But first, Jake receives a mysterious text message. Cody makes a split pea soup. Jake & Cody talk Anora briefly. We discuss Anthony lore. Should Rihanna play Sauron in a LOTR remake? Are hobbits the Italians of middle earth? Cody shares his experience of watching Two Towers on shrooms & Jake talks Godzilla Minus One on shrooms. Does Gandalf go Super Saiyan? Is Gimli racist? Sauraman is never to be heard from again. Sopranos references LOTR. The voice of TreeBeard is also the actor that plays Gimli. Peter Jackson makes a cameo in all 3 movies. If you haven't seen Peter Jackson's Meet The Feebles get ready for some insane nightmare fuel. Jake does the Uruk-hai vs Orc scene. Aragorn is in his fuck boy era in this movie. Who wins: Legolas or Hawkeye? Hugo Weaving is at his sexiest in this movie. 300 started the war on masculinity. Cody cannot stop ranking things if his life depended on it. Tune in now! This episode features a lofi beat from Chill Astronaut:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJrbzkwUcLKws7iDyzAI_AwCheck out Superguy on Kickstarter:https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/mrtonynacho/superguy-1Check out our Patreon:https://www.patreon.com/ComicsandChronicCheck out our website: https://www.comicsandchronic.com/New episodes every THURSDAYFollow us on social media! Bluesky // Instagram // Twitter // TikTok :@comicsnchronicYouTube:www.youtube.com/channel/UC45vP6pBHZk9rZi_2X3VkzQE-mail: comicsnchronicpodcast@gmail.comCodyInstagram // Bluesky:@codycannoncomedyTwitter: @Cody_CannonTikTok: @codywalakacannonJakeInstagram // Bluesky:@jakefhahaAnthonyBluesky // Instagram // Threads // Twitter // TikTok:@mrtonynachoYouTube: youtube.com/nachocomedy
0:00 Kick Off the Fun times. 0:10 Intro to the fantastic. 1:08 Comment from @MichaelCraig-hr4ut 3:56 We love Arabella Del Busso. 4:37 Conspiracy Gimmick stuff. 5:03 Nuclear powered Diamond Battery. 8:07 Gilgamesh is a wild Dude. 11:36 comment from @paperboy856 12:22 we love Chad Marks. 14:19 Matt's Checks in. 17:37 Bern Checks In. 20:45 Comment from @arkfounder7056 23:06 Blind ranking Netflix Series. 24:22 Start of Blind Ranking. 29:57 Bern's final thoughts. 30:53 Peace Outro. Get ready for a mind-blowing episode of the Working Perspectives Podcast!
Ibland är samtiden så samtida att bara den äldsta litteraturen är god nog. Henrik Nilsson återser ett gammalt epos och fångas av fragmenten. Lyssna på alla avsnitt i Sveriges Radio Play. ESSÄ: Detta är en text där skribenten reflekterar över ett ämne eller ett verk. Åsikter som uttrycks är skribentens egna.Det händer att jag känner en viss övermättnad på samtida litteratur och tänker på den portugisiske poeten Fernando Pessoas rader: ”Så många samtida dikter! Så många poeter alldeles av idag – alla intressanta, allt intressant … / Ah, men ändå bara nästan …” Om en ny teaterpjäs läser jag då att den är ”brännande aktuell”, och genast falnar min nyfikenhet. Konstverken som lägger sig alltför tätt inpå sin tid, romanerna som på ett alltför inställsamt sätt marscherar i takt med dagarna – det är inte bara det att de åldras så snabbt; de är gagnlösa redan nu, på grund av den snäva synen på vad detta nu egentligen rymmer.En sådan konstnärligt trång dag tar jag istället ut det allra äldsta ur bokhyllan, Gilgamesheposet. Det bygger på berättelser om Gilgamesh – kung i staden Uruk – som skrevs ner på kilskriftstavlor för ungefär fyratusen år sedan på det numera utdöda språket sumeriska. En del av dessa berättelser ledde efter hand fram till själva eposet på det fornsemitiska språket akkadiska, som talades under lång tid i Mesopotamien. Under denna nästan tusen år långa process ändrades delar av innehållet och inriktningen, och Gilgamesh utvecklades mot en mer komplex gestalt.När jag börjar läsa avslöjar ett hundöra i boken att det inte är första gången jag ger mig i kast med eposet. Varför övergav jag Gilgamesh och hans vän Enkidu redan under deras färd mot Cederskogen i tavla IV? Det är ju inte någon omfattande textmassa. För en nutida läsare kan vandringen ändå te sig mödosam, full av förvirrande sidospår och lösa stenar. Ibland kommer man till en plats som är mycket lik en man redan tror sig ha passerat. Andra gånger måste man hitta vägen utan stigmarkeringar, eftersom det här och var saknas rader eller hela stycken. Men det gäller att ta många raster och samtidigt acceptera att upprepningarna och de lösa stenarna är en del av vandringen. Dessutom gör det ingenting om man inte fullföljer läsningen vid första försöket. Gilgamesh är van vid att vänta på sina läsare. Han tros visserligen ha en verklig förlaga, som levde för ungefär 4700 år sedan. Men därefter tog de myter över som gör honom inte till en enhetligt fixerad personlighet, utan snarare till en skugga som med skiftande konturer rör sig genom seklerna. En avgörande händelse ägde rum år 1850 vid utgrävningarna av den assyriska kungen Assurbanipals bibliotek i dagens Irak, då arkeologer under ruinerna upptäckte de lertavlor med kilskrift som man ett par decennier senare lyckades tyda. Dessa ligger till grund för den standardversion av eposet som vår egen tids översättningar bygger på. En standardversion som förändras efterhand som forskare hittar nya fragment att foga till helheten.Till skillnad från vid första försöket kan jag den här gången inte sluta läsa om Gilgamesh. Snart tycker jag att doften av cederträ slår upp från boksidorna, och jag börjar leka med tanken på att inrätta tillvaron i dubbeltimmar – 12 istället för 24 – liksom babylonierna gjorde. Jag tror att alla läsare finner sina delar av eposet som talar just till dem. Är det kanske när ursprungsmänniskan Enkidu – skapad som Gilgamesh dubbelgångare för att avlasta invånarna i Uruk från kungens överskottsenergi – lämnar vilddjuren han levt med och blir människa? Eller när Gilgamesh efter att ha vandrat genom en lång beckmörk tunnel når fram till den skimrande juvelträdgården, i en passage som korresponderar med Edens lustgård i Bibeln, sagosamlingen Tusen och en natt och vissa buddhistiska texter?För mig når berättelsen sin smärtpunkt när Enkidu dör och Gilgamesh blir medveten om sin egen dödlighet. Då övergår äventyren i tvivel, och övermodet byts mot ett ifrågasättande av den egna existensen. Trots utmattande resor visar sig odödligheten vara omöjlig att uppnå, vilket leder till en sorts försoning hos Gilgamesh. När han mot slutet av eposet återvänder till sin hemstad säger han stolt till sin följeslagare: ”Gå upp på Uruks murar, vandra runt! Inspektera grunden, granska murverket!” Det är inte bara till Uruk Gilgamesh återvänder, utan också till sitt eget liv – det enda han har.Knut Tallqvists första svenska översättning av eposet publicerades 1945 och finns fortfarande tillgänglig. 2001 kom Lennart Warrings och Taina Kantolas betydligt mer omfattande översättning där forskningen fyllt igen en hel del luckor. Fortfarande saknas dock så många rader och avsnitt att det ibland känns som att lyssna till någon som talar högt och fragmentariskt i sömnen under en feberyra.Ett forskningsprojekt försöker nu med AI:s hjälp fylla de resterande luckorna utifrån den omfattande databasen Fragmentarium som översätter babyloniska fragment. Är vi alltså på väg mot den fullständiga versionen av Gilgamesheposet? Och varför längtar jag inte efter att arbetet ska slutföras? Jag minns något jag såg i en skranglig tågvagn mellan den grekiska hamnstaden Pireus och Aten för några år sedan. Snett mitt emot mig satt en kvinna i shorts. På sitt ena lår hade hon tatuerat en kort fras på engelska: ”Die with …” Det tredje och sista ordet i tatueringen gick inte att urskilja eftersom det täcktes av handväskan hon höll i. Jag brann av nyfikenhet att få veta fortsättningen, men förstod att jag knappast kunde be henne lyfta på handväskan. Min fråga var också Gilgameshs fråga: Hur ska vi dö? Och hur ska vi vara dödliga? I efterhand förstår jag att tatueringen fortfarande verkar i mig just eftersom jag aldrig fick veta fortsättningen på den. På ett liknande sätt är luckorna i eposet förvisso ett hinder. Men samtidigt är det genom ofullständigheten som verket lever vidare och går oss till mötes. Efter att gång på gång läst om Gilgamesheposet tror jag mig nu förstå varför jag inte fullföljde läsningen första gången, och varför jag så tidigt vek ett hundöra i boken. Efter att Gilgamesh och Enkidu drabbat samman och stångats som tjurar i Uruk, omfamnar de varandra och blir vänner. Men Enkidu har svårt att anpassa sig till människornas liv i staden och blir deprimerad. Gilgamesh föreslår då att de ska bege sig till Cederskogen och kämpa mot monstret Humbaba. Det är egentligen ett dumdristigt kamikazeuppdrag. Men vad går upp mot ett omöjligt äventyr för att väcka livsandarna? ”Tag min hand, min vän, låt oss gå tillsammans”, säger Gilgamesh. I det ögonblicket är det som om den uråldriga kilskriften också vänder sig rakt till sin avlägsna läsare och säger: ”Tag min hand, min läsare, låt oss gå tillsammans.” Där vill jag hejda de båda vännerna – under den farliga vandringen mot skogsbrynet med höga cederträd, då mod och rädsla väger lika och striden ännu inte börjat. Lämnar man Gilgamesh och Enkidu där, lämnar man dem aldrig. Henrik Nilssonförfattare och essäist LitteraturGilgamesh-eposet. Översättning Knut Tallqvist (Modernista, 2022).Gilgamesheposet. Översättning Lennart Warring och Taina Kantola (Natur & Kultur, 2001).
Over 4,000 years ago, Sargon of Akkad carved his name into history by forging what many consider the world's first empire. But who was this enigmatic warlord, and how did he transform from a man without a dynasty to the revered founder of the Akkadian Empire?In this episode of The Ancients, Tristan Hughes ventures to the British Museum to unravel the mysteries surrounding Sargon's legendary life. Joined by expert Assyriologist Dr. Paul Collins, they explore the origins of Akkad, the epic conquests of cities like Ur and Uruk, and the groundbreaking archaeological evidence that sheds light on Sargon's extraordinary legacy. Join us to discover how Sargon reshaped Mesopotamia and laid the foundations for one of history's most influential civilisations.Presented by Tristan Hughes. Audio editor is Aidan Lonergan, the producer is Joseph Knight. The senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.Theme music from Motion Array, all other music from Epidemic SoundThe Ancients is a History Hit podcast.Sign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week and ad-free podcasts. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe. You can take part in our listener survey here: https://uk.surveymonkey.com/r/6FFT7MK
‘มหานครในปกรณัม' โปรเจกต์ใหม่ระหว่าง Salmon Podcast และสำนักพิมพ์ Biblio ที่ชวน หนุ่ม-โตมร ศุขปรีชา ในฐานะผู้แปลหนังสือ ‘เมโทรโพลิส มหานครในกาลเวลา' หยิบเอาเรื่องราวของ 4 เมืองที่เราอาจคุ้นชื่อจากนิทานปกรณัมมาเล่าถึงวิถีชีวิต ต้นกำเนิด และการล่มสลายของมหานครที่เคยยิ่งใหญ่เหล่านั้น ในอัตราความถี่เดือนละ 1 ครั้ง ในอีพีนี้ หนุ่ม-โตมร หยิบเอามหานครที่อาจชื่อไม่คุ้นนักอย่าง อูรุก (Uruk) มาเล่าสู่กันฟัง ในฐานะที่มันเป็นศูนย์กลางเบื้องหลังมหากาพย์กิลกาเมช และในฐานะที่มันเป็น ‘เมือง' แห่งแรกในประวัติศาสตร์ของมนุษยชาติ ที่ตั้งอยู่ในอดีตกันไกลโพ้น ยาวนานกว่า 7,000 ปีก่อน https://linktr.ee/mythuniverse #SalmonPodcast #MythUniverse #มหานครในปกรณัม #Metropolis —-- ติดต่อโฆษณาได้ที่ podcast.salmon@gmail.com Follow Myth Universe on Instagram Salmon Podcast https://www.instagram.com/salmon_podcast/ โจ้บองโก้ https://www.instagram.com/jorborgor/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
The Venetian Empire https://pca.st/de12dt4r minhas fotos de Veneza https://www.flickr.com/photos/renedepaula/albums/72157625251392076/ The World's First City https://pca.st/wuite5fn Gilgamesh https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilgamesh Inanna https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inanna canal do radinho no whatsapp!https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaDRCiu9xVJl8belu51Z meu perfil no Threads: https://www.threads.net/@renedepaulajr meu perfil no BlueSky https://bsky.app/profile/renedepaula.bsky.social meu mastodon: rené de paula jr (@renedepaula@c.im) https://c.im/@renedepaula meu “twitter” no telegram: https://t.me/renedepaulajr meu twitter http://twitter.com/renedepaula radinho no telegram: http://t.me/radinhodepilha aqui está ... Read more The post a sereníssima Veneza e Uruk, a primeira cidade do mundo appeared first on radinho de pilha.
In as early as 5000 BC the vast and spectacular city of Uruk - replete with towering walls, glistening temples and complex irrigation systems - lay sprawled across the face of Southern Mesopotamia. Not only is Uruk the oldest city in the world, but it is arguably one of the most consequential, having facilitated one of the great turning points of human civilisation. Here, in this mysterious metropolis lay the origins of urbanisation, making Uruk the predecessor and antecedent of every modern city today. It was the cradle of formidable trading networks, sophisticated craftsmanship, agricultural prosperity, the earliest examples of writing, and even home to the very first person in human history to be named. Yet, by 700 AD this once great wonder of the ancient world had been abandoned, leaving nothing behind but haunting ruins and two burning questions: firstly, how did this marvel of urbanisation come to exist, and secondly, what led to its ruin? Was it colonisation, climate change, or conquest…? Join Tom and Dominic as they discuss Uruk, the first city in the whole of world history and the mother of modern urbanisation, revealing the remarkable tale of its discovery, its mysterious origins, and equally enigmatic decline. _______ Twitter: @TheRestHistory @holland_tom @dcsandbrook Producer: Theo Young-Smith Assistant Producer: Tabby Syrett Executive Producers: Jack Davenport + Tony Pastor Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
The world is indeed full of peril, and in it there are many dark places; but still there is much that is fair, and though in all lands love is now mingled with grief, it grows perhaps the greater. — Tolkien, The Fellowship of the RingThroughout The Lord of the Rings, doom and tragedy are constantly on the doorstep of J.R.R. Tolkien's heroes. Failure and defeat happen frequently. The Witch King of Angmar overpowers Merry and Éowyn, Boromir is struck down by Uruk-hai scouts leaving the Fellowship without its great son of Gondor, Frodo is overcome by the power of the Ring on more than one occasion; including at the Crack of Doom when he must throw it into the fire, Gandalf seemingly perishes in the Mines of Moria.Tolkien coined a term in his early academic writings, Eucatastrophe, to describe an unexpected peril resolved by an unexpected hope. The Greek prefix "eu-" means “good”And “catastrophe”, of course, implies disaster or upheaval. I often imagine a table being flipped upside down. The table is adorned in fine food and wine, among other trappings of the good life. Then someone ruins it all in anger. They flip the table over, destroying all of it. But on the bottom of the table, the dinner guests see a treasure map that has been etched into the wood of the table. The dinner isn't necessarily redeemed at that very moment, but there is now a bright and shining hope that it could be. Good comes from the bad. “-I am a Christian, and indeed a Roman Catholic, so that I do not expect ‘history' to be anything but a ‘long defeat' –though it contains (and in a legend may contain more clearly and movingly) some samples or glimpses of final victory.” - Tolkien, Letter 195 It should go without saying that in the Christian world, for believers and non-believers alike, the crucifixion of Jesus Christ rests as the great beacon of eucatastrophe. It captures Tolkien's notion of “Christian joy…which produces tears because it is qualitatively so like sorrow”. There's a strange place in the human heart where Grief and Joy meet and reconcile their differences. They become one. “Is everything sad going to come untrue?”My Dad died rather suddenly a little over a week ago. I'm in the stage of grief where even as I write this, I am confused by the words. I don't understand what has happened. The funeral, eulogy, and urn of ashes feel very much like a dream and every few hours I blink rapidly in recognition that it was all real. In the final installment of The Lord of the Rings, Samwise Gamgee awakes in bed after the destruction of the Ring. He is in the presence of Gandalf. He mutters about the whole adventure having been a dream and remarks that he is glad to be awake. Then he turns over and sees Frodo lying next to him, missing a finger from his final confrontation with Gollum. “Full memory flooded back”Gandalf asks Sam as the Hobbit awakes, “Master Samwise, how do you feel?”Sam is described as laying back with his mouth agape, fumbling through bewilderment and joy, and unable to speak. Then he gasps.“Is everything sad going to come untrue? What's happened to the world?” asks Sam.It's all true, and all that has happened will remain so. But there is a light that is coming. That's the whole meaning of the Christian Advent season where for four weeks, candles are lit in the runup to Christ's birth. It's a dark season. The sun sets early and it's cold as death. I've never hated December the way I hate it right now. I so badly want the sun and its warmth around me. But light is coming. There is a treasure map beneath the ruined feast. In all of the Tolkien scenes I described at the start of this entry, there is a positive resolution brought about by unexpected forces. Eucatastrophe sings in the pitch black of night. “And he who was seated on the throne said, ‘Behold, I am making all things new.'” - Revelation 21:5 Whatever you're going through, good can come of it. Debts can be paid and in ways you never imagined possible. Be faithful, honest, and true in your dealings with others. Do not despair. Warmer days are coming. Geeky Stoics is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.We're beyond excited to share a new video from the Geeky Stoics YouTube channel, on Dragon Ball Z and Pride. In this video essay, I lay out the character arc of Vegeta in DBZ and offer a lesson on his infamous Pride that can be applied to your life. Also on YouTube, we have our first viral video, On Anger. Almost 63,000 views. A massive highwater mark for Geeky Stoics. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.geekystoics.com/subscribe
I motivi presenti su cilindri in pietra risalenti a seimila anni fa corrispondono ad alcuni segni della scrittura proto-cuneiforme emersa nella città di Uruk, nel sud dell'attuale Iraq, attorno al 3.350-3.000 avanti Cristo. La scoperta, realizzata da un gruppo di ricerca dell'Università di Bologna, offre un punto di collegamento diretto nella transizione dalla preistoria alla storia. In questo podcast la professoressa Silvia Ferrara, coordinatrice del gruppo di ricerca, racconta l'importanza della scoperta. Lo studio – pubblicato sulla rivista Antiquity – apre nuove prospettive sulla comprensione della nascita della scrittura e potrebbe aiutare i ricercatori non solo a ottenere nuove informazioni sui significati dei motivi incisi sui sigilli cilindrici, ma anche a decifrare i tanti segni ancora sconosciuti del proto-cuneiforme. Silvia Ferrara è professoressa al Dipartimento di Filologia Classica e Italianistica dell'Università di Bologna dove insegna Filologia e civiltà dell'Egeo e del Mediterraneo preclassico. A cura di Francesco De Leo. Montaggio di Silvio Farina. https://storiainpodcast.focus.it - Canale Eventi e luoghi ------------ Storia in Podcast di Focus si può ascoltare anche su Spotify https://open.spotify.com/show/293C5TZniMOgqHdBLSTaRc ed Apple Podcasts https://podcasts.apple.com/it/podcast/la-voce-della-storia/id1511551427. Siamo in tutte le edicole... ma anche qui: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/FocusStoria/ - Gruppo Facebook Focus Storia Wars: https://www.facebook.com/groups/FocuStoriaWars/ (per appassionati di storia militare) - YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/focusitvideo - Twitter: https://twitter.com/focusstoria - Sito: https://www.focus.it/cultura Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Send us a textEver wondered about the intricate narratives behind the three rings gifted to the elves in the "Rings of Power"? Join us as Rich, our special guest and self-proclaimed Uruk enthusiast, shares his insights on these characters and their profound significance in Middle-earth lore. Our conversation takes a whimsical turn as we reflect on personal hobbies like the Pokémon Trading Card Game Pocket, diving into the joy of collecting and sharing our card tales. You'll also hear about the moving documentary "The Remarkable Life of Ebelin," which showcases the touching story of Matt Steen and his remarkable connection to the World of Warcraft community despite his struggles with a degenerative disease.Gaming communities, as we explore, offer more than just entertainment—they forge real, meaningful connections. In this episode, we discuss the positive impact of virtual worlds, highlighted by Ibelin's story and the World of Warcraft memorial in Elwynn Forest. On a creative note, Dakota shares his work on an innovative Avatar timeline project that introduces a new dating system to simplify the fan-created chronology. Our discussion blends these personal and virtual narratives with rich analysis of the "Rings of Power" series, scrutinizing the dynamic plotlines and character arcs, and speculating about the mysterious origins of Mordor.As we unravel the show's storyline, we question character motivations, especially Galadriel's, and compare them to other media like "End of Days." We also delve into the enigma of the stranger believed to be Gandalf and the exciting journey of the Harfoots. With humor and insight, we examine the clever storytelling choices that reveal Mordor's origins and the intriguing dynamics of Numenor. Get ready for our upcoming "Rings of Power" marathon and don't forget to connect with us on social media. Until next time, we sign off with our unique farewell, "namarié," urging you to "go towards goodness."Twitter handles:Project Geekology: https://twitter.com/pgeekologyAnthony's Twitter: https://twitter.com/odysseyswowDakota's Twitter: https://twitter.com/geekritique_dakInstagram:https://instagram.com/projectgeekology?igshid=1v0sits7ipq9yYouTube:https://www.youtube.com/@projectgeekologyGeekritique (Dakota):https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBwciIqOoHwIx_uXtYTSEbATwitch (Anthony):https://www.twitch.tv/odysseywowSupport the showSupport the show
The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic from ancient Mesopotamia. The literary history of Gilgamesh begins with five Sumerian poems about Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, some of which may date back to the Third Dynasty of Ur. 4biddenknowledge TV 3-Day Free Trial https://www.4biddenknowledge.tv/check... Watch our Award Winning “The Black Knight Satellite” Full Movie Here https://bit.ly/3H7ABih Tours: 4bidden Tour Of Egypt https://www.4biddenknowledge.com/4bid... 4bidden Tour Of Peru https://www.4biddenknowledge.com/4bid... Read Fractal Holographic Universe by Billy Carson: https://amzn.to/3YModPd The Epic Of Humanity by Billy Carson - #1 Best Seller https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CR7BWYZK?... Compendium Of The Emerald Tablets https://a.co/d/aFOvwfS Latest from 4BiddenKnowledge: Investment Opportunity You can now own shares in 4biddenknowledge Inc. Join the movement, become an investor in a fast-growing, profitable business! https://4bidden.trucrowd.com/ Publications: Woke Doesn't Mean Broke by Billy Carson. Buy The Book https://www.4biddenknowledge.com/onli... The Recipe to Elevated Consciousness by Elisabeth Carson https://amzn.to/3JWRs7X The Mother Earth Effect https://amzn.to/3EKWKCN Products: Grounding products https://bit.ly/3RJt6Sv Lifewave patches https://lifewave.com/EHoekstra Viome Supplements https://viomehq.sjv.io/Wq2ErA Websites: https://www.4biddenknowledge.com/ https://www.elisabethcarson.com/ Social Media: Instagram: / elisabethicarson @4biddenknowledge | @billycarsonofficial Facebook: / iamelisabethcarson X (formerly Twitter): @Lis_Carson TikTok: @elisabethcarsonofficial | @4biddenknowledge YouTube Channels: 4biddenknowledge: / 4biddenknowledgetv Best of Billy Carson: / @bestofbillycarson Best of 4BK: / @4bktvclips 4Bidden Minds: / @4biddenminds 4BiddenKnowledge Español: / @4biddenknowledgeespanol --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/billy-carson/support
Every building – from the Parthenon to the Great Mosque of Damascus to a typical Georgian house – was influenced by the energy available to its architects. This talk offers a historical perspective on a topic of great relevance today, the linkage of architecture and energy. It provides a useful complement to the non-urban perspective on ecology offered by the talk on “The indigenous architecture of Australia.” Architecture has been shaped in every era by our access to energy, from fire to farming to fossil fuels. The talk will discuss a range of buildings of the past fifteen thousand years from Uruk, via Ancient Rome and Victorian Liverpool, to China's booming megacities. If we are to avoid catastrophic climate change one important ingredients is to design beautiful but also intelligent buildings, and to retrofit - not demolish - those that remain. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 40166]
Every building – from the Parthenon to the Great Mosque of Damascus to a typical Georgian house – was influenced by the energy available to its architects. This talk offers a historical perspective on a topic of great relevance today, the linkage of architecture and energy. It provides a useful complement to the non-urban perspective on ecology offered by the talk on “The indigenous architecture of Australia.” Architecture has been shaped in every era by our access to energy, from fire to farming to fossil fuels. The talk will discuss a range of buildings of the past fifteen thousand years from Uruk, via Ancient Rome and Victorian Liverpool, to China's booming megacities. If we are to avoid catastrophic climate change one important ingredients is to design beautiful but also intelligent buildings, and to retrofit - not demolish - those that remain. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 40166]
CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (Video)
Every building – from the Parthenon to the Great Mosque of Damascus to a typical Georgian house – was influenced by the energy available to its architects. This talk offers a historical perspective on a topic of great relevance today, the linkage of architecture and energy. It provides a useful complement to the non-urban perspective on ecology offered by the talk on “The indigenous architecture of Australia.” Architecture has been shaped in every era by our access to energy, from fire to farming to fossil fuels. The talk will discuss a range of buildings of the past fifteen thousand years from Uruk, via Ancient Rome and Victorian Liverpool, to China's booming megacities. If we are to avoid catastrophic climate change one important ingredients is to design beautiful but also intelligent buildings, and to retrofit - not demolish - those that remain. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 40166]
Every building – from the Parthenon to the Great Mosque of Damascus to a typical Georgian house – was influenced by the energy available to its architects. This talk offers a historical perspective on a topic of great relevance today, the linkage of architecture and energy. It provides a useful complement to the non-urban perspective on ecology offered by the talk on “The indigenous architecture of Australia.” Architecture has been shaped in every era by our access to energy, from fire to farming to fossil fuels. The talk will discuss a range of buildings of the past fifteen thousand years from Uruk, via Ancient Rome and Victorian Liverpool, to China's booming megacities. If we are to avoid catastrophic climate change one important ingredients is to design beautiful but also intelligent buildings, and to retrofit - not demolish - those that remain. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 40166]
Every building – from the Parthenon to the Great Mosque of Damascus to a typical Georgian house – was influenced by the energy available to its architects. This talk offers a historical perspective on a topic of great relevance today, the linkage of architecture and energy. It provides a useful complement to the non-urban perspective on ecology offered by the talk on “The indigenous architecture of Australia.” Architecture has been shaped in every era by our access to energy, from fire to farming to fossil fuels. The talk will discuss a range of buildings of the past fifteen thousand years from Uruk, via Ancient Rome and Victorian Liverpool, to China's booming megacities. If we are to avoid catastrophic climate change one important ingredients is to design beautiful but also intelligent buildings, and to retrofit - not demolish - those that remain. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 40166]
Every building – from the Parthenon to the Great Mosque of Damascus to a typical Georgian house – was influenced by the energy available to its architects. This talk offers a historical perspective on a topic of great relevance today, the linkage of architecture and energy. It provides a useful complement to the non-urban perspective on ecology offered by the talk on “The indigenous architecture of Australia.” Architecture has been shaped in every era by our access to energy, from fire to farming to fossil fuels. The talk will discuss a range of buildings of the past fifteen thousand years from Uruk, via Ancient Rome and Victorian Liverpool, to China's booming megacities. If we are to avoid catastrophic climate change one important ingredients is to design beautiful but also intelligent buildings, and to retrofit - not demolish - those that remain. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 40166]
Wie erkläre ich’s meinem Kind? (Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung FAZ)
Wann und wo haben die Menschen eigentlich zu lesen begonnen? Inzwischen geht die Forschung davon aus, dass sich das Lesen viermal in der Geschichte der Menschheit unabhängig voneinander entwickelt hat. Mindestens.
Tendremos mundos fascinantes en nuestra Atmósfera de esta semana. Mundos como el de los dos gigantes de la vanguardia sonora Thighpaulsandra y Massimo Pupillo bajo su proyecto URUK, Alessio Dutto, Markus Floats, Girma Yifrashewa o Trond KallevågEscuchar audio
Staden! Denna en av människans viktigaste innovationer kommer till före den skrivna historien börjar. Vi kan till och med argumentera för att den skrivna historien börjar tack vare stadslivets ökade krav på det mänskliga minnet.Allt började i Uruk. Det kan man ändå påstå. I det här avsnittet åker vi tusen och åter tusentals år tillbaka i tiden för att trängas på trånga torg, köpa smycken av begåvade juvelerare samt vandra i tempelområdets relativa lugn.Före före Rom, före Paris och före New York fanns Uruk.——Läslista (bl a)Wilson, Ben, Metropolis: historien om mänsklighetens största triumf, Första utgåvan, Natur & Kultur, Stockholm, 2021Schneider, Wolf, Det började i Babylon: de stora städernas kulturhistoria genom 5000 år från Ur till Brasilia, Forum, Stockholm, 1961”Jakten på den första staden” Sjöstedt, Charlotta i Populär historia 6/2000 Lyssna på våra avsnitt fritt från reklam: https://plus.acast.com/s/historiepodden. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Reposted from The ‘Cast of the Rings, which you can find and subscribe to at: podcastica.com/podcast/the-cast-of-the-rings-a-lord-of-the-rings-the-rings-of-power-podcast—Greetings, Elven archers, Uruk drummers, repeating mouses, desperate Dwarf princes and laughing Trolls!Join Penny and Renny as they discuss Rings of Power season 2, episode 7, “Doomed to Die” in whichWar comes to EregionDurin faces a dilemmaCelebrimbor shows whose will is mightierSend your feedback to talk@podcastica.com or rings@podcastica and add your voice to the conversation! Next time, the Season 2 Finale!Namárië—-----------For those wanting to explore further, you can find an encyclopedia of everything from Tolkien's works here: glyphweb.comTo explore the world of Middle Earth portrayed in the books and on screen, go to: lotr.fandom.com For even more Tolkien goodness, try this fan wiki Tolkien Gateway You can find our contact info and all our other shows at: podcastica.com Join our community and support the Podcastica network at: patreon.com Music: Now We Ride by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com) Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
It's one of the most popular alcoholic drinks in the world. But did you know that beer is also one of the world's oldest beverages, with a history that stretches back more than 10,000 years. Beer was the beverage of choice for a whole host of ancient Bronze Age civilisations arrayed across Mesopotamia. But why did cities like Babylon and Uruk become the first great beer drinking cultures in history? And what traces of this love of alcohol did they leave behind?In this episode of The Ancients, Tristan Hughes is joined by Prof. Tate Paulette to discover how those living on the plains of ancient Mesopotamia bred such a love for liquid amber and explore how exactly they brewed it.Presented by Tristan Hughes. Edited by Aidan Lonergan. The producer is Joseph Knight, the senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.The Ancients is a History Hit podcast.The Ancients is recording our first LIVE SHOW at the London Podcast Festival on Thursday 5th September 2024! Book your tickets now to be in the audience and ask Tristan and his guest your burning questions. Tickets on sale HERE https://www.kingsplace.co.uk/whats-on/words/the-ancients/Enjoy unlimited access to award-winning original TV documentaries that are released weekly and AD-FREE podcasts. Sign up HERE for 50% off your first 3 months using code ‘ANCIENTS'. https://historyhit.com/subscriptionYou can take part in our listener survey here.
Donor-Funded Ziklag Backs Voter Purges, Christian RuleZiklag, funded by wealthy donors, wants voter purges and Christian NationalismThe Friendly Atheist, By Hemant Mehta , on July 16. 2024https://www.friendlyatheist.com/p/ziklag-funded-by-wealthy-donors-wantsThe biblical town of Ziklag, mentioned in the Old Testament as a place where King David strategized during his exile, is now being used as a symbolic backdrop by a modern organization with controversial aims. The organization, also named Ziklag, was founded in 2017 to push forward the "Seven Mountains Mandate," a plan with roots in a 1975 prophecy that seeks to influence seven key areas of society: family, religion, education, media, entertainment, business, and government. This mandate, originally intended to usher in the end times, is now being employed by Ziklag to establish a Christian nationalist state.Ziklag is composed of about 150 wealthy individuals, each with a net worth exceeding $25 million, and had a reported $12 million in assets as of 2022. Despite the relatively modest sum compared to other political pressure groups, Ziklag has significant influence. They fund other right-wing organizations like Turning Point USA and employ advanced strategies, including AI-driven voter purges, to sway elections in their favor. Their aim is not only to elect Christian nationalists but also to suppress votes from marginalized communities.The group's rhetoric includes alarmist descriptions of their struggle against "dark forces," a language that some find reminiscent of fantasy villains like the Uruk-hai from "Lord of the Rings." This dramatic portrayal is used to rally their base and frighten opponents. Critics argue that Ziklag's approach, which includes targeting swing states with voter suppression tactics, is an attempt to manipulate electoral outcomes undemocratically.There is also concern about Ziklag's status as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. This status is supposed to limit political activity, but Ziklag's activities suggest they are pushing the boundaries of these regulations. Critics argue that their actions might be intentionally provocative, aiming to test legal limits and potentially influence Supreme Court decisions on the matter.Funding from major donors, including the Uilen family, the Greens (owners of Hobby Lobby), and the Wallers (Jockey apparel), further empowers Ziklag. These donors, with their substantial financial resources, enable Ziklag to influence smaller, local elections and legislative processes, which can have far-reaching effects on state and national governance.In summary, the Ziklag group represents a fusion of ancient symbolism with modern political strategy, aiming to reshape society according to their vision of Christian nationalism. Their methods, funding sources, and legal maneuvers highlight a complex and potentially dangerous intersection of religion and politics.The Non-Prophets, Episode 23.30.1 featuring Cynthia McDonald, Scott Dickie, "Eli" (Eli Slack) and Jonathan RoudabushBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-non-prophets--3254964/support.
Aragorn's choice to follow the Uruk-hai in order to rescue Merry and Pippin is made very differently in the original book as compared to Peter Jackson's movie trilogy, but the same scene also foreshadows in some ways Sam's own difficult choices much later in the story. For my recent discussion of Aragorn's lack of self-confidence, see this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y1Rhi8bV6zQ&pp=ygUiZGFyayBuaWdodCBvZiBhcmFnb3JuJ3MgY29uZmlkZW5jZQ%3D%3D For more discussion on Aragron's character arc (or lack thereof), click here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPpBd0WSOV4 Other Links: Playeur (formerly Utreon): https://playeur.com/c/TolkienLorePodcast/ Rumble: https://rumble.com/c/c-355195 Odysee: https://odysee.com/@TolkienLore:f Twitter: https://twitter.com/jrrtlore Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/tolkiengeek Xero Shoes (affiliate link): https://xeroshoes.com/go/TolkienGeek Discord server invite link: https://discord.gg/EVKynAj2m9 (If link is expired contact me at tolkienloremaster@gmail.com and I'll send a fresh invite link). --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/joshua6469/support
Jeremiah Watkins Joins Us as Gollum to Discuss Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers More Jeremiah WatkinsTrailer Tales Podcast w/ Trailer Trash Tammy: https://www.youtube.com/@TrailerTalesPodStand-Up on the Spot: https://www.youtube.com/@standupotsYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@jeremiahwatkinsInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/jeremiahstandupTour: https://www.jeremiahwatkins.com LOTR Links:Creating Gollum (Andy Serkis Live Action Acting):https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_Z7YUyCEGESounds of Middle Earth Documentary (Uruk-hai Chant at Cricket Stadium):https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmt-l7ugOh8 0:00 Doc & Carlos Watched Two Towers For the First Time?!6:32 Aragorn Wanted to Smash Eowyn11:16 Doc Hates Legolas & the Real Meaning of a “Red Sunrise”13:20 Aragorn's Lineage, Saruman's Uruk-hai & Wormtounge Actor Brad Dourif18:55 Bernard Hill, Theoden and the Battle of Helm's Deep37:06 Gollum Farts in Our Faces, the Ents in the Two Towers and the Best Trilogy of All Time46:55 Gollum's Struggle, Andy Serkis Acting and Planet of the Apes1:01:37 Boromir, Faramir, Denethor and the Tragic Loss of Theodred 1:10:03 Return of the King, The Rings of Power & The Hunt for Gollum1:13:30 Why YOU Should Watch or Rewatch The Two Towers! More 7EQUISInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/7equisTikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@7equisDiscord: https://discord.gg/954zkYtPv8 SOS VHS iTunes Audio Feed: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/sos-vhs/id1687694894SOS VHS Spotify Audio Feed: https://open.spotify.com/show/3DXX0sBXwUZdUgo6lBciGS Almost Alpha iTunes Audio Feed:https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/almost-alpha/id1744642683Almost Alpha Spotify Audio Feed:https://open.spotify.com/show/5dDHzENTWGk8gGHOvauacK Follow us on Instagram!Doc Willis: https://www.instagram.com/docwilliscomedyCarlos Herrera: https://www.instagram.com/herreracarlosPete Forthun: https://www.instagram.com/good4youpeteJoey Bragg: https://www.instagram.com/joeybraggTaylor Williamson: https://www.instagram.com/taylorcomedy Catch Andres & Carlos every week on Bad Friends: https://www.youtube.com/@BadFriends Send us your 7EQUIS fan mail!c/o 7EQUIS LLCP.O. Box 5154Glendale, CA 91221 BUY THE EQUIPMENT WE USE!MICROPHONE: https://amzn.to/3WcEZnACAMERA: https://amzn.to/3ohqT7WHEADPHONES: https://amzn.to/3IqGY1PTRIPODS: https://amzn.to/3ohIigwSWITCHER: https://amzn.to/42eSyEs This is a 7EQUIS PRODUCTION https://www.7equis.netSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Eine City der Superlative: Uruk. Die Stadt war die erste Stadt der Welt - eine Megapolis mit bis zu 50 000 Menschen. Sie entstand im 5. Jahrtausend v.Chr. im Süden des heutigen Irak mit Häusern aus Lehmziegeln, Türmen und Palästen. Kanäle leiteten frisches Wasser aus dem Euphrat in die Stadt und das Abwasser wieder hinaus. Das kreative Potential war groß. Von Christine Hamel (BR 2023)
We invite Don from North of the Shire podcast onto the show to break down one of the game's classic armies, Isengard! Tune in as Don shares his two cents on the heroes and warriors of one of his favourite armies. Video: https://youtu.be/DjkjqzpfJww Our Links: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IntotheWest Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ITWpod Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/intothewestpodcast/ Our Sponsors: Baron of Dice With dice for all wargaming systems, including MESBG, go check them out! Link: https://baronofdice.com/?ref=WEST 5% off Promo Code: WEST Mithril Brush, An online painting competition dedicated to Middle-earth. For more information on how you can enter or support this competition, visit https://www.patreon.com/TheMithrilBrush & https://www.instagram.com/mithrilbrush Thank you to everyone who submitted their photos for this video; make sure to check out their work on Instagram: Our patron Alex Anglin Our patron Max (MTM Printworks) Kevin Evancio @heroichighlights 00:00 Introduction 08:04 Dunland Heroes & Grima 14:43 Saruman 21:34 Lurtz 29:05 Mauhur 33:11 Vrasku 36:28 Ugluk 41:05 Uruk-hai Shaman 45:09 Uruk-hai Captain 47:35 Uruk-hai Scout Captain 49:26 Uruk-hai Drummer 51:29 Sharku 53:21 Orc Captain 54:54 Uruk-hai Warrior 59:00 Uruk-hai Scout 01:00:00 Uruk-hai Berserker 01:02:18 Feral Uruk-hai 01:04:47 Isengard Troll 01:08:35 Dunlending Warrior 01:10:07 Dunlending Huscarl 01:12:20 Wildman of Dunland 01:14:11 Dunlending Horseman 01:16:46 Crebain 01:18:23 Orc Warrior 01:20:12 Warg Rider 01:22:00 Uruk-hai Demolition Team 01:25:18 Uruk-hai Assault Ballista 01:28:56 Snaga, Orc Captain Credits: Music: Tavern Loop One by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com) Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Host Mitch Jeserich reads excerpts from Stephen Mitchell's Gilgamesh: A New Version. Gilgamesh is considered the oldest epic in the world and a masterpiece of literature. Gilgamesh is the story of a historical king of Uruk in Babylonia and his journey of self-discovery. Along the way, Gilgamesh discovers that friendship can bring peace to a whole city and that wisdom can be found only when the quest for it is abandoned. Get the Ancient Tales Library $550. Includes: – Gilgamesh by Stephen Mitchell $100 – The Iliad (new translation by Emily Wilson) $200 – The Odyssey by Homer: Translated by Emily Wilson $100 – The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyam translated by Juan Cole $160 – The Way of Chuang Tzu $100 – Letters & Politics Ancient History Collection$100 The post KPFA Special: Reading the Epic of Gilgamesh (Part IV) appeared first on KPFA.
Host Mitch Jeserich reads excerpts from Stephen Mitchell's Gilgamesh: A New Version. Gilgamesh is considered the oldest epic in the world and a masterpiece of literature. Gilgamesh is the story of a historical king of Uruk in Babylonia and his journey of self-discovery. Along the way, Gilgamesh discovers that friendship can bring peace to a whole city and that wisdom can be found only when the quest for it is abandoned. Get the Ancient Tales Library $550. Includes: – Gilgamesh by Stephen Mitchell $100 – The Iliad (new translation by Emily Wilson) $200 – The Odyssey by Homer: Translated by Emily Wilson $100 – The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyam translated by Juan Cole $160 – The Way of Chuang Tzu $100 – Letters & Politics Ancient History Collection $100 The post KPFA Special: Reading the Epic of Gilgamesh (Part III) appeared first on KPFA.
Host Mitch Jeserich reads excerpts from Stephen Mitchell's Gilgamesh: A New Version. Gilgamesh is considered the oldest epic in the world and a masterpiece of literature. Gilgamesh is the story of a historical king of Uruk in Babylonia, and his journey of self-discovery. Along the way, Gilgamesh discovers that friendship can bring peace to a whole city and that wisdom can be found only when the quest for it is abandoned. Get the Ancient Tales Library $550. Includes: – Gilgamesh by Stephen Mitchell $100 – The Iliad (new translation by Emily Wilson) $200 – The Odyssey by Homer: Translated by Emily Wilson $100 – The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyam translated by Juan Cole $160 – The Way of Chuang Tzu $100 – Letters & Politics Ancient History Collection $100 The post KPFA Special: Reading the Epic of Gilgamesh (Part II) appeared first on KPFA.
Host Mitch Jeserich reads excerpts from Stephen Mitchell's Gilgamesh: A New Version. Gilgamesh is considered the oldest epic in the world and and a masterpieces of literature. It is the story of a historical king of Uruk in Babylonia, and his journey of self-discovery. Along the way, Gilgamesh discovers that friendship can bring peace to a whole city and that wisdom can be found only when the quest for it is abandoned. Get the Ancient Tales Library $550. Includes: – Gilgamesh by Stephen Mitchell $100 – The Iliad (new translation by Emily Wilson) $200 – The Odyssey by Homer: Translated by Emily Wilson $100 – The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyam translated by Juan Cole $160 – The Way of Chuang Tzu $100 – Letters & Politics Ancient History Collection $100 The post KPFA Special: Reading the Epic of Gilgamesh (Part I) appeared first on KPFA.
Embark on a timeless journey through ancient Mesopotamia with “The Epic of Gilgamesh” audiobook, a mesmerizing rendition of one of the world's oldest known literary works. Set against the backdrop of the flourishing city of Uruk, this epic tale follows the legendary King Gilgamesh on his quest for immortality. Listeners will be drawn into a...
The gods came down. Slinking, slithering, prowling, whispering, they sought out earthly kings. And so, Pharaoh Merneptah heard a voice in the dark and the voice said his name. He woke, and there was Ptah with a plan. The old kings of Uruk also were tutored. Ayala had the fish creature, Adapa, for an advisor. Alaglar had Uanduga from the sea. In his time, Hammurabi met Shammash, and from that god recovered the knowledge the flood had destroyed. The trend never stopped. Descartes saw lights in his tent, and a creature gave him his method. Oppenheimer set off his bomb, and Krishna spoke, “I am become death, the destroyer of worlds.” These had a plan: to rule and remake humanity. The ruling was easily done. The remaking was harder. Harder, but not impossible. The enemy has always worked to remake humanity in its image, an image of ancient jealousy and ravenous pride. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/donavon-riley/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/donavon-riley/support
THE BELIEF that Babylon the Great of Revelation 17 is Rome, either as a revived Roman Empire or as the Roman Catholic Church, is popular among prophecy students.There are some good arguments for this identification, and others that point in other directions. The identity of Mystery Babylon hasn't been settled for 2,000 years and we don't try to do it here.However, we do look at some interesting spiritual parallels between Rome's origin story and the ancient Sumerian city of Uruk, the kingdom responsible for the Tower of Babel. The connection is the deity known as Inanna, Ishtar, Astarte, Aphrodite, Venus, and Queen of Heaven, who we believe is the woman who rides the Beast—and that's why we believe the ten kings of Revelation 17 are supernatural, not human political rulers.
The Epic of Gilgamesh is one of the oldest surviving works of storytelling from history. Written in ancient Mesopotamia over three thousand years ago, this epic poem recounts the fabled tale of King Gilgamesh of Uruk and the forging of his friendship with Enkidu, a wild man sent by the Gods to keep Gilgamesh on the right path.In this episode of the Ancients, Tristan Hughes is joined by Dr Sophus Helle to explore and recount this oldest of myths - first written in Old Babylonian on cuneiform tablets - and discover how it became a foundational work in the tradition of heroic sagas. This episode was edited by Aidan Lonergan and produced by Joseph KnightDiscover the past with exclusive history documentaries and ad-free podcasts presented by world-renowned historians from History Hit. Watch them on your smart TV or on the go with your mobile device. Get 50% off your first 3 months with code ANCIENTS sign up now for your 14-day free trial HERE.You can take part in our listener survey here.
“That is not dead which can eternal lie, And with strange aeons even death may die.” -H.P. Lovecraft You have requested to visit ancient Uruk. Our tourists who make such requests often with to visit the ancient Sumerians, wander the cradle of civilization and climb the great ziggerats. But you have a curiosity with the more esoteric aspects of the deep past. We have a little explored world just for you... Written and Produced by Kevin Valbonesi #AudioDrama #AudioFiction #SienceFiction #scifi #fiction #AlternateHistory #SpeculativeFiction #multiverse #TimeTravel #horror #fantasy #FightingFantasy #roleplaying #rpg #game #weird #HistoryPodcast #TwilightZone #TwilightHistory #bronzeage #summer #iraq #tigris #euphrates #babylon #uruk
Today I am joined by author Charles Fischer to discuss his book: The Eunuch.Why would a eunuch want to write a secret history of life in the court of ancient Babylon's most famous king? To get back at his brother: that's why. Abducted as young boys by soldiers during the conquest of Nineveh, the brothers Uruk and Nergal receive very different fates in the ancient kingdom of Babylon. Uruk enjoys favors and climbs the Ziggurat of power to become a trusted advisor and the chief propaganda minister of King Nebuchadnezzar II, while Nergal is castrated and assigned to keep records of the daily life of the King's harem. While Uruk's cushioned prosperity is enviable, his real life is anxious because the King is viewed as the Divine Plowman who must seed the land and bring forth a bountiful harvest -- in other words, make whoopie in the harem and father many children because as the King's virility goes, so goes the harvest -- but the King is both crazy and chronically impotent, and a severe drought has withered the grain fields of the kingdom, so Uruk works nervously to spin propaganda into the official court records to hide the real state of affairs. Mostly out of contempt for his brother and his brother's official history, but also partly because of a deep respect for truth, Nergal the eunuch decides to write his his own secret, eye-witness, tell-all account of the real life inside the court of King Nebuchadnezzar, in all of its hilarious and embarrassing unseemliness. All goes well until, at a crucial moment during a high festival orgy, the King calls for Nergal to assist him in performing a mating ritual with a harem concubine chosen to be the symbolic holy bride of Babylon. Eager to please the King his master, Nergal unexpectedly receives a caressing touch from the concubine, Siduri of Megiddo, and he nearly swoons with love for her. The moment turns Nergal's life upside down and tosses him in a nearly treasonous bind of mixed loyalties. Although he does not know it at the time, the moment changes not only Nergal's life but also everyone else's, because it is the first of a series of events that result in the collapse of the kingdom. So The Eunuch is a laugh-out-loud funny narrative that begins as an effort to extirpate the lies of the hagiographic official history of Babylon, becomes a story of a very peculiar love triangle between a King with mental health issues, an alluring and manipulative concubine, and an obsessive eunuch slave-scribe, and then ends by describing the fall of an empire.Buy The BookWebsitePatreon SupportThis show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/5553835/advertisement
Updated April 15, 2021: This topic of the "firmament" is also of great interest to atheists. A popular anti-creationist made a 40-minute YouTube video critical of this article. We may have hit a nerve. A favorite claim of many atheists is that the Bible teaches that the earth is surrounded by a solid domed sky. Instead, the Bible actually teaches that the firmament of Day Two is the crust of the earth, which divided water below the crust from the waters on the surface. Documenting this thereby rebuts that widespread false allegation. When we first published this article, that extra bonus was unexpected. So we've embedded and responded to Brett Palmer's video including by pointing out that the Babylonian creation epic, Enuma Elish, below, corroborates this understanding of the "firmament" as first referring to the earth's crust (i.e., biblically, to paradise, to heaven on earth). And we show that the Bible's Hebrew word for firmament, raqia, from the verb raqa, refers not only to the heavens above, but explicitly, to the crust of the earth. And we present the meaning of the Syrian geographical place name, Raqqa, and extend to antiquity the etymology of the English word, rock. At Real Science Radio (which airs on America's most-powerful radio station), we teach Dr. Walt Brown's Hydroplate Theory as the best understanding of the global flood, geology and the relevant scriptures. If the following is correct, all flood models based on the "canopy theory" and "plate tectonics" are false.On Day Two God Made the Crust of the Earth: Dr. Walt Brown's Hydroplate Theory helps to understand the global flood, geology and the relevant scriptures. On Day Two of creation, God formed the crust of the earth, called the firmament (Hebrew: raqia), which extended for miles above a worldwide subterranean ocean, and the crust of course also held waters upon its surface. If this is true, we would expect to read in the Bible that initially, the surface of the earth was covered only with water, and that then God made the earth's crust above the water. And consistent with the Hydroplate Theory (which describes a layer of water at least one-mile thick that was perhaps dozens of miles below the earth's surface), in fact the Bible teaches that God: - "In the beginning God created... the earth. ...and darkness was on the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters" (Genesis 1:1-2). Then God, - "laid out (raqa) the earth above the waters" (Psalm 136:6). And, - "by the word of God the heavens were of old, and the earth [was] standing out of water and in the water" (2 Peter 3:5). - "Thus God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament" (Gen. 1:7). So, "The earth is the Lord's... For He has founded it upon the seas, and established it upon the waters" (Ps.24:1-2). Where the Water Came From: The global flood then began when those "fountains of the great deep were broken up" (Gen. 7:11) for the pre-flood earth had been "standing out of water and in the water, by which the world that then existed perished, being flooded with water" (2 Peter 3:5-6). Those waters had been stored up for global judgment if needed. For when "the heavens were made," the Bible says of much of the Earth's water back then that God "lays up the deep in storehouses" (Ps. 33:6-7; see also Prov. 8:27-28). For God created not only the surface waters, for He "made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and the fountains of waters" (Rev. 14:7 KJV [as with many versions; some like the NKJV say "springs of water"). Dr. Brown's book, In the Beginning, demonstrates powerfully that the world's major geologic features flow logically from these initial conditions. But some creationists who disagree point out that, "God called the firmament Heaven" (Gen. 1:8), claiming that this firmament must be either the atmosphere (e.g., Henry Morris) or outer space (e.g., Russell Humphreys). Heaven on Earth, Hell Beneath: However at RSR we show that, whether figurative or literal, the crust of the earth is the boundary between heaven and hell. It is consistent with Biblical history that God would originally call the crust of the earth "heaven." For at creation, "He drew a circular horizon on the face of the waters, at the boundary of light and darkness. The pillars of heaven tremble (Job 26:10-11). And then, "He divideth (not raqa but raga) the sea with his power" (Job 26:12 KJV, Jubilee, Websters, etc.). God designated the region below the crust as the initial abode of those who may pass away. Hell is the holding prison for the unrepentant dead. "Hell from beneath is excited about you, to meet you at your coming" (Isa. 14:9; etc.). For the newly-made earth, the Lord logically referred to everything from the crust and above as heaven. Hence dozens of verses indicate that heaven also refers to the earth's atmosphere as in "rain from heaven," the "dew of heaven," "birds of heaven," "dust from the heaven," city walls "fortified up to heaven," smoke rises "to the midst of heaven," "the heavens are shut" in drought, "frost of heaven," "clouds of heaven," "snow from heaven," "hail from heaven," and the east winds "blow in the heavens." Thus even after the Fall, from Genesis and Job, through the Gospels, Acts and Revelation, the Bible continued to refer to the atmosphere, one molecule above the ground, as heaven. Apart from this understanding, a Bible student might think that while the surface of the Moon is in "heaven", that the paradise God made on the surface of the Earth is not. Also, the Bible's thirty-two occurrences of the phrase "kingdom of heaven" appear only in the royal Gospel of Matthew, and some of these (Mat. 11:12; 13:24 with Mat. 13:38; 16:19; Mat. 18:1 with Luke 9:46; etc.) locate this kingdom of "heaven" at least partially on earth. Lucifer Fell from Heaven on Earth: "God called the firmament Heaven," because the earth's crust formed the boundary between heaven and the future hell. The firmament also divided the waters of the earth (Gen. 1:2, 6) which even reserved the floodwaters of judgment below ground. For God "lays up the deep in storehouses" so "let all the earth fear the Lord," (Ps. 33:7-8), because He "shut in the sea with doors" until in the flood "it burst forth and issued from the womb," (Job. 38:8). But after the Fall, which likely occurred within a week of Creation, earth lost its heavenly designation, for apparently God will never fully replicate the first earth. Only two detailed Bible stories involve happenings that occured prior to the Fall, the creation account and the record of Lucifer's fall. And both of these events refer to earth as heaven. Isaiah 14:12 describes "Lucifer" as "fallen from heaven," yet Scripture places him on earth at the moment of his fall. "You were in Eden, the garden of God," (Ezek. 28:13). And "you have said in your heart: "I will ascend into heaven... I will ascend above the heights of the clouds," (Isa. 14:13-14). "Yet you shall be brought down to Sheol, to the lowest depths of the Pit," (Isa. 14:15). Even though he was on earth, Lucifer fell "from heaven," because prior to the Fall, the surface of the earth was part of heaven's realm. * Bible Students Understand the Firmament, But Get Confused at 1:8: See this explained in this five-minute segment, in our 2-hour flood video, that begins at 48:30. Just click and the video will start at the correct point... Consider the flesh. Notice that just as gravity pulls our physical flesh down toward the center of the earth, the Fall created the world system which relentlessly pulls our spiritual flesh, drawing us down toward the lowest depths until death, and then the believer's released spirit soars upward to heaven, whereas the unbeliever's unfettered spirit falls downward, the firmament no longer keeping him out of Hades, thus his soul plummets into hell. C.S. Lewis wrote the preface to D.E. Harding's esoteric The Hierarchy of Heaven & Earth in which Harding wrote that "Hierarchy is... something like the ancient circles of heaven and earth and hell" (1952, p. 27), and that the "narrowest Hell would be widest Heaven if the Devil could only bring himself to turn round and look out from the Centre instead of in at himself" (p. 187). In the modern classic, Soul of Science, (1994, p. 38), Pearcey and Thaxton describe the view of Christian "medieval cosmology" that "at the very center of the universe was Hell, then the earth, then (moving outward from the center) the progressively nobler spheres of the heavens." Christians continue to affirm this hierarchy quoting Paul who was "caught up to the third heaven" (2 Cor 12:2), the first being the sky, the second is space, and the third God's habitation. King David even refers to the deep, as the "channels of the sea", where in the flood "the foundations of the world were uncovered", which were "the foundations of heaven" (2 Sam. 22:8, 16). Incidentally, the never-before-seen consequences of the flood caused the troubles David lists here. The lightnings, thunder, dark waters, thick clouds, darkness, volcanic eruptions, smoke, coal and fire, the earth shaking, and when the "channels of the sea appeared" only then the "foundations of the world were uncovered..." Moses Qualified His Last Four Uses of Firmament: Moses used the word firmament nine times in the creation account. He intentionally distinguished the last four occurrences from the first four, which all pivot around the central instance where God called the earth's firmament Heaven. Each of the four in the second grouping (Genesis 1:14, 15, 17, 20) is qualified separately by an exceptional repetition. The prepositional phrase "of the heavens" makes a distinction between the first firmament of the earth, and the second "firmament of the heavens." And if firmament means the "heavens," the very term "firmament of the heavens" would seem unnecessarily redundant, especially when repeated four times. However, the qualifier "of the heavens" is added so that the reader will not confuse this firmament of sky and space with the previous firmament of earth. Thus, readers alien to the notion of "heaven" on earth should nonetheless be able to separate the two firmaments, and understand God's meaning. Now, millennia after the Fall, God's own record of creation notwithstanding, sin has almost completely obscured the original perspective of the earth's surface as "heaven." The Things God Called Day and Earth: "God called the light Day." Yet like with the word firmament, Genesis has two very different meanings for light. Day 4 would be unintelligible without recognizing its initial meaning. "Then God made two great Days to rule the heavens"? No. The same is true for the dry land that "God called... Earth". If it had only one meaning, then the Earth would have been created on Day Two when the "Earth" appeared. Our Full Firmament Video: Above we pointed to a five-minute excerpt. Here's the full 30-minute segment out of our Global Flood video on raqia titled, Is the Day 2 firmament of Genesis the Earth's crust?: Kingdom of Heaven Lost on Earth: When man rebelled, earth became more like hell than heaven. Thus man's habitation on the surface of the earth lost its heavenly designation. The Bible describes Hell as below, bounded by the firmament. However in the beginning "God called the firmament Heaven" because that's where He placed Adam and Eve, above ground on the surface, in the heavens, in fellowship with Him, not in any other realm but in His kingdom, in heaven on earth. 2011 UPDATE - Atheists and the Solid Dome: YouTube anti-creationist Brett Palmer created a 40-minute rebuttal video (embedded here) of this little article on the firmament. Seems like we hit a nerve. Aside from Brett casting aspersions from the recently invented flat-earth myth, consider that as with many other atheists, he claims that the word firmament (Hebrew raqia) discredits the creation account by showing that Genesis cannot be God's Word because it merely echoes the ancient world's false belief in a solid domed sky above the earth. So, if raqia (firmament) refers not only to the heavens, but also to the crust of the earth, standing above a subterranean chamber of water, then atheists would lose a favorite argument. Raqia is the noun from the verb raqa meaning being hammered or spread out, as in working metal into a thin sheet or plate. "They beat (raqa) the gold into thin sheets" (Exodus 39:3). "The goldsmith overspreads (raqa) it with gold" (Isaiah 40:19; i.e., gold-plated). Similarly, God overspread the waters of the earth with the plates of the earth's crust, i.e., the firmament, what Walt Brown calls hydroplates. For "God made the firmament (raqia), and divided the waters which were under the firmament (raqia, the crustal plates) from the waters which were above the firmament" (Genesis 1:7). Please review again the verses listed below. For not only did God create "the sea and the fountains" (Rev. 14:7), if this understanding of raqia is is the Bible's actual meaning, then we would expect also to read that initially the surface of the earth was covered only with water, and that then God made the earth's crust above the water: - "In the beginning God created... the earth. ...darkness was on the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters." Gen. 1:1-2 - God "laid out the earth above the waters" Ps. 136:6- "by the word of God the heavens were of old, and the earth standing out of water and in the water" 2 Pet. 3:5 - "Thus God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament." Gen. 1:7 "The earth is the Lord's... For He has founded it upon the seas, and established it upon the waters." Ps. 24:1-2 When the Bible specifically links raqa to the earth (as in the passages below), and because words typically have multiple meanings, it is extreme to insist that raqia cannot refer to anything but the heavens. Genesis was written back when pagans wondered what held up the earth. Perhaps it rested on the back of a tortoise, or on a pillar, or was held up by Atlas. Yet the most ancient Scripture teaches that God, "hangs the earth on nothing" (Job 26:7), which is visually consistent with modern astronomical observation. For just as the firmament of the earth holds up the mountains, so too, the firmament "of the heavens" is strong enough to hold the earth.God Raqa the EARTH! Firmament (raqia) is used "of the heavens" commonly and eleven times the Bible speaks of God stretching out the heavens. Then there is something not included in the above video. Another three times the Bible says that God raqa the earth itself. This shows, unlike as stressed on YouTube, that raqia very naturally also refers to the earth. Dr. Walt Brown's book lists these verses but I'll repeat them here for Mr. Palmer's consideration: To Him who laid out (raqa) the earth above the waters… Ps. 136:6 Thus says God the Lord, who created the heavens and stretched them out, who spread forth (raqa) the earth and that which comes from it… Isa. 42:5 “I am the Lord, who makes all things, who stretches out the heavens all alone, who spreads abroad (raqa) the earth by Myself;" Isa. 44:24 The firmament (raqia) of the creation account was iconic in ancient Israel, as the Tyndale Bible Dictionary says, "the firmament is always related to Creation." So the repetition and by two authors shows that the wording is deliberate. Thus these verses show an ancient awareness in Scripture that God raqa the Earth, that is, that His stretching out of the raqia of Genesis 1:8 readily refers to terra firma, or as the King James translators coined the word from the Latin, the firmament. Raqia and Heaven Both Refer Also to the Earth Raqa the Earth Heaven on Earth To Him who laid out (raqa) the earth above the waters... Ps. 136:6 "He drew a circular horizon on the face of the waters, at the boundary of light and darkness. The pillars of heaven tremble... He stirs up the sea with His power..." Job 26:10-12 Thus says God the Lord, who created the heavens and stretched them out, who spread forth (raqa) the earth... Isa. 42:5 "And from the days of John the Baptist until now the kingdom of heaven suffers violence, and the violent take it by force." Mat. 11:12; "The kingdom of heaven is like a man who sowed good seed in his field;" and "the field is the world..." Mat. 13:24, 38 I am the Lord... who stretches out the heavens all alone, who spreads abroad (raqa) the earth by Myself Isa. 44:24 "And I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven" Mat. 16:19 [and 18:18] Etymology of Raqia: The word raqia relates to raqa as sharia (law) relates to shara'a (to ordain or decree). Further, the ancient Middle East commonly ended names in "ia," and in this particular example of early Hebrew usage, raqia, though not a proper name, is the name for something created by raqa. (Atheist Brett Palmer, though not especially reliable, does specifically agree with this explanation in his follow-up video.) Pillars of Heaven: Regarding the crust of the Earth being referred to as heaven, consider the "pillars" which formed beneath the crust, as Dr. Brown describes it, at many "locations, the [subterranean] chamber's sagging ceiling pressed against the chamber's floor. These solid contacts will be called pillars." Thus since they supported the Earth's surface, they could be referred to as "pillars of heaven", just beneath the surface, which would "tremble" when they were crushed in God's judgment of the great flood of Noah's day, When God, "stirs up the sea with His power", as Job put it. "He drew a circular horizon on the face of the waters, at the boundary of light and darkness. The pillars of heaven tremble... He stirs up the sea with His power..." (Job 26:10-12). Earth's Foundation with Pillars Sunk into their Bases: This doesn't have to confuse Bible students. This five-minute segment at 1:04:22 depicts the pillars. Just click and the video will start at the correct point... * No One Before Or Since? Palmer says, virtually alleging omniscience for himself, that "no one before or since Enyart has ever asserted that two firmaments were created in the creation story." However, the nearly contemporaneous Babylonian creation epic states directly that heaven above and the "firm ground below" were called by the same name, that is, "heaven." First though consider Google. The claim then is that the term firmament refers to sky and space, and also to the sphere of the world. So, as the originator of this concept :) that firmament has two meanings, I am gratified that it's catching on. The Google results for "define:firmament" gives two meanings: The heavens or the sky, esp. when regarded as a tangible thing A sphere or world viewed as a collection of people * Not Half Bad and Not Half Right: Hey, for Google, that's not half bad, for the firmament (the Earth's surface) was called heaven so that Adam and Eve could be fruitful and multiply and fill the Kingdom of Heaven on Earth. Then regarding Palmer's claim that, "no one before or since Enyart has ever asserted that two firmaments were created," Dr. Brown's book credits "two pastors" with showing him this simple heaven-on-earth understanding of Genesis 1:8. The pastor before me later publishing a book on the topic: Paradise: Past, Present, and Future, and of course since then, Walt Brown too has adopted this understanding. >* Babylonian Creation Epic: The ancient pagan world had a corrupted memory of biblical accounts. Compare for example Egypt's sun god arising out of the waters of creation with, "God moved upon the face of the waters. And God said, 'Let there be light.'" Likewise the flood of Noah's day is remembered in Babylon's Epic of Gilgamesh. Also, the seven tablets of Enuma Elish similarities to the seven days of the creation week include man's creation on the sixth day which is presented on the sixth tablet. The first creation tablet describes the "waters commingling as a single body" when "no marsh land had [yet] appeared", reminiscent of the firmament dividing the waters (Gen. 1:6-7) and the dry land appearing (Gen. 1:9). The truth reported by Moses in Genesis 1:8a, that God called the firmament heaven (referring to the crust of the Earth, i.e., God's kingdom of heaven, on Earth) is emphasized in the first lines of the first Babylonian creation tablet which state, "When on high the heaven had not been named, Firm ground below had not been called by that name." That is, before the term "heaven" even applied to sky and space, before that not even the firmament below had yet been called that same name, i.e., heaven. (This translation, "firm ground below had not [yet] been called by that name", appears in old-earth Oxford Prof. John Lennox' book Seven Days that Divide the World. Importantly, after discussing this matter personally with Dr. Lennox, RSR can report that he does not agree with our Genesis 1:8 interpretation, so in no way would he publish a biased translation to make our point.) For as Moses wrote, "God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament... And God called the firmament Heaven... Then God said, '...let the dry land appear.'" So whereas atheist video maker Palmer (see above) says that "no one before or since Enyart has ever asserted that two firmaments were created in the creation story", Brett can now consider that this Babylonian Enuma Elish creation epic parallels the Hydroplate Theory's understanding of the firmament as referring also, and originally, to the "firm ground below" the heavens. And thus, because God raqa the Earth, by creating the raqia, that is, the solid rock crust of the Earth, therefore, the etymology of the English word rock can now be traced back much further than the medieval Latin rocca. Not surprisingly then, studying geography we find that root word in the names of various ancient places in the region. For example, in 2015 Raqqa hit the headlines as the capital city of the Islamic terrorist group ISIS. An accurate understanding of Genesis is essential for understanding early history. Thus we can now trace the etymology of our English word rock to that very Epic of Gilgamesh flood account, with Gilgamesh being the king of Uruk, located in the south of the modern nation with a name that means "deeply rooted, well-watered", for God placed the water deep under the raqia which explains the name of the ancient place, Iraq. (See also Bob's draft comments on the Enuma text.) * Countries, Regions, and Peoples Ending in A and IA: Why do so many place names end in ia? God raqa the raqia to give mankind a place to live on the face of the Earth. In the web's most complete list of place names that end in ia, see about 120 significant geographical regions that end with -a or -ia, and others that sound like they end in ia, like Kenya and Libya. (RSR maintains this list.) Consider also, not unlike the city of Raqqa and the country of Iraq, the continent of Africa may have a related etymology, and consider also that in Arabic afar means dust, earth. And the names of many lands that do not end in -ia, as Egypt, still give a nod to the suffix when referencing their people, as with Egyptian, Akkadian, Persian, and the more modern Caucasian, with -ian equating also to the -yan as discussed at rsr.org/yan such as Aryan (meaning from the Sun land).* Seven-Day Week: The worldwide use of a seven-day week results from the creation account. And those seven days are named for the heavenly bodies (Saturn, Sun, Moon, etc.) as God said, "Let there be lights in the firmament of the heavens to divide the day from the night, and let them be for signs and for seasons, and for days and years." (On a related topic we interviewed Scientific American editor and atheist Michael Shermer for Real Science Radio. That full show is so much fun to listen to.) "Dr. Shermer, while much of the ancient world was worshiping heavenly bodies, could you at least agree that the Bible is correct on page one, where it states that the Sun is a light?" [Moses was correct also when he taught in Deuteronomy that the planets and stars are not gods and should not be worshiped.] "So can you agree that the Bible is correct in Genesis chapter one, that the Sun is not a god, but a light?" To which Shermer infamously replied, which you can hear in this 73-second excerpt (and transcript) that the sun is not a light. Wow. It's often difficult to have a reasonable discussion with atheists. Also, the worldwide use of blood sacrifices resulted from God commanding Adam and Noah to sacrifice animals prefiguring the sacrifice of Jesus Christ, the Lamb of God. * A Solid Dome Sky Belief Widespread Yet Not Intuitive: As Wikipedia reports, "The notion of the sky as a solid object (rather than just an atmospheric expanse) was widespread among both ancient civilizations and primitive cultures, including ancient Greece, Egypt, China, India, native Americans, Australian Aborigines, and also early Christians. It is probably a universal human trait to perceive the sky as a solid dome." Retrieved 8-27-11. However, with the many varied movements in the heavens of the Sun, Moon, planets, stars, comets, and meteorites, it's not intuitive that so much of the whole world would end up believing that the Earth had a solid-domed sky. Except, of course, if the ancients who populated the world after the global flood were misunderstanding the raqia of Day Two as referring to the heavens instead of to the crust of the earth. Conclusion: So, the Bible speaks of Earth using the same term, raqia, as for the firmament "of the heavens" (clarified that way in Genesis 1). Yet when the paradise of Eden and God's Kingdom of Heaven on Earth became "filled with violence," mankind began to forget that God made earth as part of His Kingdom of heaven. Thus, what changed was the common use of the term heaven for the Earth. © 2007 - 2017 Bob Enyart, RSR.org.com * RSR's Global Flood and Hydroplate Theory: Here's our best-selling flood video which is available also on DVD, Blu-ray, and download. We hope you enjoy this: Email: From Walt Brown to Bob Enyart on March 22, 2005: "Dear Bob, I like your proposal concerning Genesis 1:8a, and after much thought, have decided to include it [in the 8th edition of In the Beginning]. I have credited Pastor Diego Rodriguez and you as the originators of this very attractive explanation. ... Thank you for sending me your explanation. -Walt" Biologos: Note that Francis Collins' theistic-evolution group BioLogos uses their misunderstanding of the firmament in their effort to diminish the authority of Genesis. For example, "Genesis... says things that are at odds with what modern people know to be true of the world... The other cosmologies from the ancient world depict some solid structure in the sky. The most natural explanation of the raqia is that it also reflects this understanding. There is no indication that Genesis is a novel description of the sky." In other words, Collins claims that Genesis' presentation of the firmament [in contrast to the biblical and historical insights above] equates to that of pagan myths. As old-earth Christians, they therefore reject the global flood and many other biblical teachings. See this explained in our Trading Genesis video: Bio: Bob Enyart co-hosts Real Science Radio and pastors Denver Bible Church. Bob first had a technical career working: - at McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Company on the Army's Apache helicopter - as a systems analyst for "Baby Bell" U S West - as a program manager for Microsoft, and - as a senior analyst for PC Week Bob became a believer in 1973, entered full-time Christian work in 1989, and in 1991 began hosting a daily show on America's most powerful Christian radio station, the 50,000-watt AM 670 KLTT. In 1999, the elders and pastor of Denver's Derby Bible Church ordained Bob into the ministry. In 2000, Derby planted Denver Bible Church with Bob as pastor and in 2015 as a host of Real Science Radio Bob was inducted into the Creation Science Hall of Fame. You can see Bob Enyart's materials online or call 1-800-8Enyart. If you enjoyed this article, you may also want to read Why Canaan was Cursed?, Polygamy in the Bible, and Slavery in the Bible. And you can hear Bob at RealScienceRadio.com!
Welcome to The Daily Wrap Up, a concise show dedicated to bringing you the most relevant independent news, as we see it, from the last 24 hours (11/28/23). As always, take the information discussed in the video below and research it for yourself, and come to your own conclusions. Anyone telling you what the truth is, or claiming they have the answer, is likely leading you astray, for one reason or another. Stay Vigilant. !function(r,u,m,b,l,e){r._Rumble=b,r[b]||(r[b]=function(){(r[b]._=r[b]._||[]).push(arguments);if(r[b]._.length==1){l=u.createElement(m),e=u.getElementsByTagName(m)[0],l.async=1,l.src="https://rumble.com/embedJS/u2q643"+(arguments[1].video?'.'+arguments[1].video:'')+"/?url="+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+"&args="+encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify([].slice.apply(arguments))),e.parentNode.insertBefore(l,e)}})}(window, document, "script", "Rumble"); Rumble("play", {"video":"v3vugza","div":"rumble_v3vugza"}); Video Source Links (In Chronological Order): Washington 'concerned' over Turkiye military exports to Russia Pennsylvania Water System Hacked By Iranian-Backed Hackers, Who Leave Message, “Down with Israel" | The Gateway Pundit | by Anthony Scott (21) LastAmericanVagabond on X: ""Pennsylvania Water System Hacked By Iranian-Backed Hackers, Who Leave Message, “Down with Israel'" - (Taking bets: Was this the clumsy ham-fisted work of the Mossad or CIA?) https://t.co/FG4z1Yp1Yu" / X New Tab (22) LastAmericanVagabond on X: "“Our job is not to make you look good, American Jews, what do you have to worry about. Your job is to make us look good...you defend by attacking.” Zionist teaching Jewish Americans how to manipulate the conversation to protect Israel on US campuses. https://t.co/UdMs9S88gk" / X (25) Dr. Ishtar of Uruk on X: "@JosepBorrellF #EndTheOccupation https://t.co/zOWREVmar8" / X (23) Syrian Girl
ONE OF THE MOST notorious characters in the Bible, and all of history, is a man about which we know almost nothing. Nimrod is blamed for the Tower of Babel and the occult wickedness of Babylon. However, a close reading of the Bible and the history of the ancient Near East doesn't specifically connect him with either. Some identify Nimrod as the Sumerian king Enmerkar, some as Sargon the Great of Akkad, others as the mythical hero of Uruk, Gilgamesh. How much do we really know about Nimrod? Is there any connection to Semiramis, Tammuz, and Christmas? Doug Van Dorn (www.douglasvandorn.com), author of Giants: Sons of the Gods, Dr. Judd Burton (www.BurtonBeyond.net), author of Interview With the Giant, and Brian Godawa (www.Godawa.com), best-selling author of the new novel Cruel Logic join us for our monthly round table to discuss the man, the myth, the legend—Nimrod. Here's the link to Derek's paper “The Double-Headed Eagle: Scottish Rite Freemasonry's Veneration of Nimrod.” This is the BBC News article that got everyone so excited 20 years ago: “Gilgamesh Tomb Believed Found.” Except that's not what Dr. Jörg Fassbinder actually said. Fassbinder's team did a magenetometric survey of the site of ancient Uruk, the city ruled by Gilgamesh probably 5,000 years ago (give or take). They mapped magnetic anomalies in the soil to find the city walls and outlines of buildings in the city. During the survey, they found the outline of a structure in what was formerly the course of the Euphrates River that was similar to the description of the tomb described in the Epic of Gilgamesh. Fassbinder and his team excavated nothing. And yet that BBC story has been twisted and retold so often that it's now taken as an article of faith that videos with titles like “Gilgamesh Nephilim King FOUND INTACT IN TOMB” are still being produced—and getting about 100 times more views than our program because we stick to actual evidence. Here's a 2002 story from Radio Free Europe about Dr. Fassbinder's work with a title that's more accurate and less clickbait: “Iraq: Archaeological Expedition Mapping Ancient City Of Uruk.” Here are the relevant papers by Jörg Fassbinder: Beneath the Euphrates Sediments: Magnetic Traces of the Mesopotamian Megacity Uruk (2020) Uruk (Iraq) Magnetometry in the First Megacity of Mesopotamia (2018) Magnetometry at Uruk (Iraq): City of King Gilgamesh (2003) You can see his work is all with the magnetometer, not the shovel or spade. Gilgamesh was not exhumed. Our Build Barn Better project is nearly complete! The building has HVAC, a new floor, windows, insulation, ceiling fans, and an upgraded electrical system! We're in the process of moving our studios and book/DVD warehouse and shipping office out of our home and across the yard into the Barn. If you are so led, you can help out by clicking here.——Download our free app! This brings all of our content directly to your smartphone or tablet. Best of all, we'll never get canceled from our own app! Links to the app stores for iOS, iPadOS, Android, and Amazon Kindle Fire devices are at www.GilbertHouse.org/app. Please join us each Sunday for the Gilbert House Fellowship, our weekly Bible study podcast. Log on to www.GilbertHouse.org for more details. Check out our weekly video program Unraveling Revelation (www.unravelingrevelation.tv), and subscribe to the YouTube channel: YouTube.com/UnravelingRevelation.——Special offers on our books and DVDs: www.gilberthouse.org/store.——Join us in Israel! Our 2024 tour of Israel features special guest Timothy Alberino! We will tour the Holy Land March 31–April 9, 2024, with an optional three-day extension in Jordan. For more information, log on to www.GilbertsInIsrael.com. Discuss these topics at the VFTB Facebook page (facebook.com/viewfromthebunker) and check out the great podcasters at the Fringe Radio Network (Spreaker.com/show/fringe-radio-network)!
Last time we spoke about the darkest days of the siege of the foreign legation quarters in Beijing. The Hanlin Academy was burnt down taking with it irreplaceable books. The Fu Palace and French Legation were falling to pieces. Colonel Shiba and his men fought for weeks without changing their closes or sleeping more than 3-4 hours. Countless friends and colleagues were dead or wounded, funerals were becoming a daily event. Ammunition was running low, men were running low, medical supplies were running low, everything was running low. Suddenly some messages began to trickle in allegedly from Prince Qing. The Ministers were weary to trust them, but gradually pushed Prince Qing to show the Qing's good faith by establishing a truce. It seemed the darkest hours were just before the dawn as Prince Qing established a truce on July 17th, and now all wondered, what was next? #65 The Boxer Rebellion part 5: The Battle for Tientsin Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. The July 17th truce came at a perfect time, the defenders were exhausted. Food had become so scarce, they had begun sending raiding parties to the Mongol Market, but for most the regular diet consisted of horse, pony, mule meat and rice. Random note, I am from Quebec and we eat horse meat here, typically for tartar, not all the time, but if you go to the grocery store 9/10 its there, apparently this is pretty weird for everyone else in North America, I dunno, a bit on the dry side as meat goes. One thing that was easy to come by was champagne and wine, there was a enormous supply of it in the legation buildings. As Lenox Simpson put it “had it not been for the Monopole, of which there are great stores in the hotel and the club—a thousand cases in all . . . I should have collapsed.” There was a enormous concern for the Chinese Christians in the Fu Palace who were constantly attacked and very isolated. Lenox Simpson investigated them and wrote this “The feeding of our native Christians, an army of nearly two thousand, is still progressing, but babies are dying rapidly, and nothing further can be done. There is only just so much rice, and the men who are doing the heavy coolie work on the fortifications must be fed better than the rest, or else no food at all would be needed. . . . The native children, with hunger gnawing savagely at their stomachs, wander about stripping the trees of their leaves.They had terrible water-swollen stomachs and “pitiful sticks of legs. To the babies we give all the scraps of food we can gather up after our own rough food is eaten, and to see the little disappointed faces when there is nothing is sadder than to watch the wounded being carried in. . . . Thus enclosed in our brickbound lines, each of us is spinning out his fate. The Europeans still have as much food as they need; the Chinese are half starving.” The CHristian Chinese laborers complained about working for the British legation telling supervisors “the work at the British legation is crushing and they don't feed you enough. And if you do not carry out their orders to the letter, they flog you. . . . Therefore, we don't want to go there.” The Chinese CHristian laborers preferred working for the non-Christian Japanese and Colonel Shiba even raised a force of Christian Chinese volunteers as riflemen who he trained personally. There were also incidents of Chinese Christian girls being sexually assaulted, particularly by Russian guards whose barricades were close to their girls lodgings. A written notice was erected forbidding anyone to approach the girls lodgings prompting the Russian commander Baron von Rahen to quote “Take off his cap, and assuming a very polite air of doubt and perplexity, he inquired of the lady missionary committee which oversees the welfare of these girls: ‘Pardon, mes dames,' he said purposely in French, ‘cette affiche est-ce seulement pour les civils ou aussi pour les militaires?'”—“Excuse me, ladies, does this apply only to civilians or also to the military?” Sexual assault was not the only thing going on, apparently the British legation gardens saw people come together each night to make romance. Over in Taku forces were coming over to help lift the siege of Tientsin. Men of the US 9th infantry came over from the Philippines. Now that the situation looked more land based than naval, Vice Admiral Seymour was sent back to his squadron on July 11th, leaving Brigadier General Dorward in command of British forces, but there was no supreme allied commander. There were tremendous delays as each nations officers argued who should lead and finally it was agreed the Qing held part of Tientsin had to be taken before any talks of marching upon Beijing. A plan was formed to attack the Qing held part of the city beginning on July 13th. They were widely outnumbered, around 6900 to a Qing force of around 30,000, half of which were Boxers. There were 2500 Russians, 2000 Japanese, 900 Americans, 800 British and 600 French. They would be facing the formidable walls of Tientsin, which were 20 feet high and 16 feet thick. Within the city and nearby forts were around 12,000 Qing soldiers well armed with artillery, machine guns and modern rifles. The French, Americans, British and Japanese were to advance upon the south gate in three columns while the Germans and Russians circled around to hit the east gate. The approach was a flat marshy plain, intersected by canals and lagoons, by no means ideal. Herbert Hoover knew the land quite well and volunteered to guide forces and had this to write of his experience “We came under sharp fire from the Chinese located on its old walls. We were out in the open plains with little cover except Chinese graves. I was completely scared, especially when some of the Marines next to me were hit. I was unarmed and I could scarcely make my feet move forward. I asked the officer I was with for a rifle and at once I experienced a curious psychological change for I was no longer scared, although I never fired a shot. I can recommend that men carry weapons when they go into battle—it is a great comfort.” Hoover described how the attack was badly coordinated, riddled with miscommunication and ill tempered men. The main force was pinned down in front of the south gate taking fire from the city walls. The allied forces were huddled face down in mud with the American troops standing out like sorethumbs wearing their dark blue uniforms. The Qing wielding Winchesters, Mannlichers and Mausers were exacting terrible casualties upon them. Lt Harry Rotherham of the Royal Welch Fusiliers recalled “the whole of the city wall was lined with Chinese firing through loop-holes and they just fired all day as hard as they could. They also attacked our left flank and we were told off to keep them back, so we were under fire all day from the front and the left flank as well. I never want anything quite so warm again.” Captain David Beatty noted the British forces took a entirely exposed position while the 9th US infantry were extremely exposed to Qing sharpshooters. Their commander, Colonel Emerson Liscum was fatally shot as he was trying to grab the regimental flags from a standard bearer who was falling. His dying words were “keep up the fire, men!” Beatty led a company of British to rush over to help the Americans and gradually they pulled back as it got dark. They had no news on how the Russians were doing with the east gate. It was to be the Japanese who turned failure into success. General Fukushima Yasumasa who had fought the Chinese during the first sino-Japanese war sent word to some of the other commanders that Qing forces would fight to the death if they were trapped, but if you left an escape route, like two gates open, they would retreat. At 3am the Japanese blew up the south gate, in a scene I can only describe as the one Uruk-hai in the film the Lord of the Rings the Two Towers. The Japanese had been trying to light fuses to explode bombs, but the Qing kept stopping them so one Japanese soldier ran with a short fuse to blow up the gate and was killed by the explosion. He would have made Saruman proud. As told to us by Herbert Hirschinger of the US Marines “The Japanese had been trying to accomplish it for some time, but the Chinks would cut the fuse. In the end a Japanese officer volunteered to light a short fuse. The gate was blown in . . . but the officer went up with the gate. This only goes to show the mettle of which the little fellows are made.” After the breach was made, the Japanese stormed into the city followed by the second battalion, the Royal Welch Fusiliers and Beatty's men. A bit later that morning the Russians charged the esat gate on July 9th led by General Anatoly Stessel, General Nie Shicheng personally led a counterattack to try and stop them. An allied artillery shell exploded nearby him, showering him with shrapnel and fatally wounding him. As the Russians broke through the east gate prompting the Qing soldiers to withdraw from the city. French doctor Matignon was irritated to see that although the Japanese did the lionshare of work in the southern sector, the Union Jack was flying side by side with the Rising Sun over the south gate. In his words “trois ou quatre soldats anglais . . . flegmatiquement, fument leur pipe”—“three or four English soldiers . . . calmly smoking their pipes.” Sounds like Merry and Pippin after Isengarde fell, what is with the LOTR references? Countless Boxers and Qing soldiers slipped away, leaving little fighting over the city. The civilians bore the brunt of what became an orgy of looting and murder. A Chinese eyewitness had this to say “People rushed about in all directions in dread of what was to come next. When someone shouted that the North gate was open and that it was possible to leave by it, the whole city converged on the North Gate. In an instant the press of the crowd was such that one couldn't move.... The foreigners and Christians . . . fired repeatedly on it [the crowd], each volley resulting in the deaths of several tens of people.... The greater the numbers of people killed, the greater became the numbers of those fighting to escape. . . . Dead from bullets, dead from artillery shells, dead from swords, dead from trampling. It was horrible. . . . The corpses were piled several feet high. After three days of cleaning up, following the foreigners' entry into the city, the streets still were not clean.” The photographer James Ricalton stormed into the city as well to record what he say. “a holocaust of human life, lines of homeless, weeping human beings—their homes in ashes, without food, friendless, and, in many cases, their kindred left charred in the ruins of homes. Doors were smashed; shops were entered and plundered; men and women were fleeing, carrying their precious heirlooms—their jewels, their silks, their embroidery, their money. These much-prized valuables were snatched from them, and they dared not protest.” American Marine Harold Kinman recalled “the streets wet and slippery with blood” while a British sailor described “brains strewn over the streets and dead Chinese pinned to the walls by Japanese swords and bayonets”. Many of the accounts place atrocities upon the Russians and Japanese. But soldiers from each nation took part in the orgy and there are many photographs for those with the stomachs to google them, On July 15th, in an attempt to stop the looting, the British put up pickets with orders to not allow anyone to get past except for the French whose authorities had not agreed to suppress looting, haha. So as a result many British just pretended to be French, apparently doing bad french singing impressions to get by and spoke terrible French phrases to another. Notably British civilians took part in this as they knew which houses and shops had the best goods. It was to be the bloodiest battle for the 8 nation alliance during the Boxer rebellion. 250 allied soldiers had died with 500 wounded. Of this the Japanese paid the most with 320 casualties, the Russians and Germans around 140, the Americans 25 dead, 98 wounded, the British 17 dead, 87 wounded and the French 13 dead with 50 wounded. There was no official calculation of the losses for the Boxers and Qing forces, but it was expected to be very heavy. I think for you long time listeners you can see a distinct difference now from our Opium Wars days to the turn of the 20th century. Warfare had changed considerably, casualties were much higher now, something that would be proved to a horrifying extent during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, or as many like to call it World War Zero. Tientsin was now being secured as a launching point for the future advance upon Beijing. Back over in Beijing, the foreign community found it surreal after the July 17th truce was announced. The sudden silence of guns was more disconcerting than comforting, some even found it difficult to sleep. The Qing war banners were brought down and white flags were hoisted all around in their place. Countless Qing soldiers began peering over walls and barricades to look at the legations. Likewise the defenders looked out into the desolate landscape around them, corpses were everywhere, dogs were picking at them. As everyone's confidence built up some Qing soldiers went over to the defenders positions and began fraternizing with the foreigners. Many began to talk to the foreigners, giving them news the Taku Forts and Tientsin had fallen to the allied nations and that General Dong Fuxiangs Kansu army and many Boxers were now performing offensives between Tientsin and Beijing. Many of the Qing troops who came forward explained they did not want to be part of the battle, but were being were being coerced into it. The foreigners were beginning to suspect the truce had been made because of the Qing losses at the Taku forts and Tientsin, perhaps a relief force was already on its way. Within the Qing court, the loss at Tientsin had proved the progressive and moderates right that joining the Boxers was a doomed cause. This was a view shared by most of the governors and viceroys in the southern and eastern provinces who were actively holding their troops back, not daring to attack foreigners. Going back to early June when edicts were being made declaring war, most viceroys and governors ignored it and refused to send troops. In fact, the foreign community had no idea, but their most valuable allies were amongst the Qing high command. The Manchu General Ronglu, whom Empress Dowager Cixi appointed as Imperial Commissioner in command of the Wuwei Corps consisting of the 5 most modern armies led by Nie Shicheng, Dong Fuxiang, Song Qing, Yuan Shikai and Ronglu himself was helping the foreigners! When the Boxer rebellion broke out, Prince Duan was pressuring Dong Fuxiang and his Kansu Army to seize the foreign legations. It was Ronglu who behind the scenes was sand bagging the entire situation. At first he tried to countermand orders to Dong Fuxiang, trying to stop him from attacking the foreign legations, but that gradually failed when Prince Duan began ordering anyone hampering the war effort to be arrested or killed. Then when Dong Fuxiang requested artillery to breach the legation defenses, Ronglu began blocking the transfer of artillery pieces and constantly made up excuses. Ronglu and Prince Qing coordinated efforts to sneak some food into the legations and even used their most loyal Manchu bannermen to perform minor attacks on the Kansu army and Boxers who were besieging the foreigners. Ronglu also withheld orders that were to be sent to General Nie Shicheng in Tientsin, telling him they were at war with the foreigners, so for the majority of the time Nie Shicheng had thousands of his men still fighting the Boxers! Seymour getting past Nie Shicheng and the Tientsin settlement surviving as long as it did was specifically because of this action. Ronglu even tossed blame for inaction all upon Nie Shicheng, who luckily for Ronglu ended up dying before he could explain what had occurred. During the siege of the legations the major reason so many riflemen were aiming so high was because of Ronglu countermanning orders. As Dong Fuxiang would order the men to kill the foreigners, Ronglu continuously ordered men to just make it seem like they were helping the siege but not to kill the foreigners. Yes one can argue the MVP of the 8 nation alliance was Qing Generals like Ronglu or Prince Qing. The foreigners knew none of this, but they would received enormous intelligence on July 18th from one of Colonel Shiba's messengers who went over to Tientsin and returned confirming it was in allied hands. The messenger also told them a force of 11,000 British, Russian, Japanese, American and French would begin a march upon Beijing, starting on the 20th. MacDonald then invited a nearby Kansu officer to parley with him and the man reluctantly acquiesced. The men shared cigars and spoke using an interpreter. The officer asked MacDonald who the men wearing the big funny hats were and MacDonald explained they were American marines. The officer shrugged and stated his men were afraid of them because they were good shots. The officer then explained his superior was not Dong Fuxiang, but General Ronglu who had overall command. He also stated Ronglu wished the fighting to stop. MacDonald was puzzled by this and explained the fighting was never started by the foreigners. The officer was puzzled by that statement and said perhaps he should write to Ronglu to explain his views. Both men shook hands and departed. MacDonald before departing the wall took one last look at the scenery and described the situation “I could see the enemy's positions stretching away to the north until they disappeared in the direction of the Imperial City. There were barricades in the streets below the wall; a large temple was loopholed and . . . full of men; more men were amongst the ruins west of the Russian Legation and a species of mound which commanded this Legation and the Mongol Market was gay with the uniforms of hundreds of Imperial infantry. Following the line west of the Mongol Market, the tops of the houses carried nests of these bright-coated soldiery; altogether from my position I saw some 1,500 to 2,000 men, and many more must have been hidden behind the walls and ruined houses.” MacDonald wrote to Ronglu proposing rules of conduct going forward. He promised the foreigner forces would only fire if being attacked, except in the case of seeing Qing forces building barricades closer to them. Any unarmed persons who approached the legation defenses could do so safely but only two men at a time. MacDonald gave the letter to the officer he had talked to who delivered it to Ronglu. The very next day Ronglu sent a man carrying a flag of truce who came over to officially accept the proposals. However there was a catch. The man explained this would be on behalf of the forces loyal to Ronglu and Prince Qing, they were commanding the south and eastern portions of the siege, but Dong Fuxiang's troops held the north and west. In fact the officials explained the officer whom MacDonald had spoken to was one of the very few Kansu soldiers who was willing to follow commands from Ronglu, Dong Fuxiang was quite the renegade. It became clear after a few days the word truce was a bit of a misnomer, it was more of a half armistice. Some Qing were still mining close to the Hanlin and various barricade forces continued to fire upon the legations. Some Qing soldiers east of the Fu Palace began using a dog to send communications to the Japanese as noted by their officers “One day a large dog trotted into the Japanese barricade with a note tied round its neck; this was from the Chinese general commanding in that quarter pointing out the futility of further defense and recommending unconditional surrender. A reply, declining the suggestion in somewhat forcible terms, was tied on the dog's neck, with which it trotted back, this was repeated several times, the dog seeming to enjoy the fun, the advisability of surrender being urged with greater insistence each time, the answers varied only in the strength of their language.” Some Qing troops began offering fruit, vegetables and chickens to the foreigners, bargaining for money. The Japanese even were able to barter for rifles and ammunition from some Qing soldiers. The Zongli Yamen began sending gifts of fruit, vegetables, even ice to the besieged, all in the name of Emperor Guangxu. Many worried the food was poisoned so they first gave it to a dog. A constant stream of letters began to go back and forth between the foreigners, Prince Qing and other moderate Qing officials. The recurring theme on behalf of the Qing was that the foreigners needed to depart Beijing and that the Zongli Yamen would provide protection to Tientsin. This was constantly ignored. The Qing government also began mediating on behalf of the ministers and their governments, ferrying messages back and forth. On July 28th, the foreigners received word from the Shandong youth who had been sent out to Tientsin. He sent a letter back to them stating this “Your letter 4 July. There are now 24,000 troops landed, and 19,000 here. General Gaselee expected Ta-ku to-morrow. Russian troops are at Peitsang. Tientsin city is under foreign government and ‘Boxer' power here is exploded. There are plenty of troops on the way if you can keep yourselves in food. Almost all the ladies have left Tientsin.” On August the 1st, another letter arrived dated from July 26th addressed to the Japanese Minister Baron Nishi. It officially stated troops were on their way, but they were delayed because of the railway damage, but their vanguard should arrive in two to three days. The foreigners checked their food stores noting they had 600 lbs of white rice, 11,5000 lbs of yellow rice and 34,000 pds of wheat left. They estimated it would last them 5 more weeks of siege alongside the 30 ponies they had left…poor ponies. Nigel Oliphant also noted “cigars and tobacco are running out, which is more serious to some of us than want of food.” The condition of the Christian Chinese at the Fu was horrible. As written in the diary of Lenox Simpson on July 24th “the miserable natives imprisoned by our warfare are in a terrible state of starvation. Their bones are cracking through their skin; their eyes have an insane look; yet nothing is being done for them. They are afraid to attempt escape even in this quiet, as the Water Gate is watched on the outside night and day by Chinese sharpshooters....Tortured by the sight of these starving wretches, who moan and mutter night and day, the posts nearby shoot down dogs and crows and drag them there. They say everything is devoured raw with cannibal-like cries.” I should note, while you hear sympathies from some accounts by the foreigners in regards to the Christian Chinese, by no means were they distributing out food equally amongst them. As you can only imagine with the 19th century attitudes, the Chinese were treated like subhumans. After a few days it seemed the half armistice was fading away. The Qing were constructing a large barricade across the north bridge which the foreigners began to use the International gun against. Qing sharpshooters took up positions to thwart the men using the international gun. The barricade reached 6 feet high over the length of the bridge. The foreigners reacted by building their own barricade over the south bridge securing communications between the British and the other legations. All the while the Zongli Yamen was sending reassurances and advising the foreign community to take their offer to depart under their protection. By August the 4th, there was still no sign of a relief force and the truce was certainly all but over as artillery were pounding the legations heavily. Back on July 26th, the former governor of Shandong, Li Bingheng had come to Beijing and began pressuring the Boxers and Qing to ramp up the siege efforts. Empress Dowager Cixi favored Li Bingheng and gave him the rare honor of riding within the forbidden city before the received the promotion to Deputy commander of the Northern armies. Two days after he showed up, two moderate Qing officials were executed as traitors for criticizing the Boxers and advocating to lift the siege. Three other moderate officials would follow days later in what was becoming a purge within the court. More Boxers began to flood Beijing, cowing the surviving moderates into submission. A very nervous Prince Qing wrote to some southern viceroys and governors who all agreed the Boxers needed to be suppressed, but Prince Qing did not dare publicly give the order. When Vice Admiral Seymour was rescued from his rescue attempt he sent word to the British admiralty that at least 40,000 troops would be needed to lift the siege at Beijing. The other nations such as American thought it should be 80,000, Japan estimated 70,000. But the logistics of mounting an international rescue became difficult quickly. Not all the great powers involved could afford to muster troops at this time, hell America was fighting a war in the Philippines; Britain was fighting the Boer war; the French were fighting in IndoChina and the Russias had a full on war in Manchuria, that we will tackle later. Japan was one of the few nations free and quite able to send a large force, so the other nations appealed to Japan who agreed to send an additional 20,000 men to Tientsin. Then there was the issue of a supreme allied commander. Kaiser Wilhelm, as usual sought to grab the reigns for Germany and used von Ketteler's murder as justification. Kaiser Wilhelm nominated Field Marshal Count von Waldersee whom would go on to say of the appointment “a Japanese Supreme Command, no less than an American, was out of the question from the start. The French had not made any effort to get the Supreme Command, leaving only Russia and Britain as Germany's rivals. But, neither would concede it to the other, and, moreover, no one favored England, as the reputation of the English Generalship had suffered a set-back in the Boer War.” The Kaiser persuaded Russia and Japan to back his nominee and everyone abided by the decision. Von Waldersee was set to depart for China on August 18th. Meanwhile in Berlin, the Kaiser gave a speech, tossing away the prepared text for his own words “You must know, my men, that you are about to meet a crafty, well-armed foe! Meet him and beat him! Give no quarter! Take no prisoners! Kill him when he falls into your hands! Even as, a thousand years ago, the Huns under their King Attila made such a name for themselves as still resounds in terror through legend and fable, so may the name of Germany resound through Chinese history . . . that never again will a Chinese dare to so much as look askance at a German.” Ironic he made the link about the Huns and Attila haha. By the end of July, 25,000 men were at Taku and Tientsin with a lot more on the way. Britain was calling up forces from India, America from the Philippines. Tientsin was swimming with foreign troops, so much so, Doctors began vaccinating their men against smallpox. Tensions were mounting, as most of these nations were in proxy wars with another. The Russians and Japanese particularly did not like each other. Then on July 27th, as quite a cheeky maneuver, the British commander in chief General Gaselee, began to argue there was a need for quick action. He was met by resistance from the French and Russians who cautioned delay, but Gaselee argued “The rainy season will set in in a few day and the whole place will be under water.” Gaselee determined to take control of the situation suddenly told the other leaders Britain would go it alone if necessary. The Americans backed him thus forcing the hand of the others, for none of the other great powers wanted to see Britain and America steal the glory. It was agreed they would all march on August 5th as an international relief force and they would be quite a sight to behold as told to us by US Marine officer Smedley Butler :“French Zouaves in red and blue, blond Germans in pointy helmets, Italian Bersaglieri with tossing plumes, Bengal cavalry on Arabian stallions, turbaned Sikhs, Japanese, Russians, English. we are going to fight the greatest battle at Pekin that has been fought for one hundred years.” I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The Qing were at war with 8 different great powers and even amongst themselves in many ways. The Taku forts had fallen, Tientsin had fallen and now the 8 nation alliance was going to march upon Beijing, by all means it was time to toss in the towel wasn't it?
In the Epic of Gilgamesh, written over 4,000 years ago, Enkidu, the great friend of the demigod Gilgamesh, dies. Afraid of death, Gilgamesh asks the sage Utnapishtim, the only survivor of the Great Flood, about the secret to immortality. Utnapishtim gives Gilgamesh a number of tasks, all of which he fails. But that was the point. Gilgamesh learned that immortality is beyond his grasp and returns to Uruk to live out the rest of his life as king. The first emperor of China was Shi Huang Di. Buried in a tomb decorated with the famous terracotta soldiers, he also feared death and called on Chinese alchemists to create an elixir that would allow him to live forever. The alchemists believed they could make immortality possible through a perfect balance of the five elements: water, wood, fire, earth, and metal. Unfortunately for the emperor, the elixir contained mercury (because it is both a liquid and a metal), which likely contributed to the emperor's death. Attempts to achieve immortality have continued (and continued to fail) right up to our own time. Medieval European alchemists believed they could produce “the philosopher's stone,” which would perfect the imperfect, turning lead into gold and making mortal life immortal. Enlightenment thinkers of the late 18th century rejected the mysticism of alchemy but continued to speculate about the means to attain physical immortality. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein was written as a cautionary tale about scientific hubris, in response to the more modern attempts of medicine and biology to preserve, extend, and improve life. Today, the quest for immortality continues. Through cryogenics, freshly deceased persons or animals are frozen, their blood replaced with “medical grade antifreeze” to prevent ice crystals from destroying cells. So, the idea goes, once medical technology is able to heal whatever caused their deaths, these creatures can be thawed, healed, and restored to life, possibly with additional enhancements. This approach assumes, among other things, that life and memory can be repaired if the body is repaired and the heart restarted. In other words, life is seen in purely mechanical terms. This is an equal and opposite error to those pursuing immortality through cybertechnologies, believing that if our consciousness can be downloaded into computers, we can continue to exist as a sort of ghost in a machine. In this techno-gnosticism, our bodies are optional and not a necessary part of life. In this way of thinking, we are our minds, and our minds are nothing more than sophisticated software that can be downloaded into a computer, machine, or perhaps a new robotic body. Other modern attempts at the Fountain of Youth—such as nutritional strategies, supplements, alternative medical practices, and gene-editing technologies like CRISPR—do not seek as much to avoid death as to extend life. These range from becoming more serious about healthy living to more extreme alternatives. A number of billionaires have been investing in research into life extension, including Sam Altman of OpenAI, Jeff Bezos, Google co-founder Larry Page, and Brian Armstrong of Coinbase. Some believe that our medical technologies will eventually reach a state of “Longevity Escape Velocity,” in which advances are increasing lifespans faster than the years go by, therefore bringing us to the point of immortality. Despite our long history of failed attempts to live forever, many of which caused more harm than good, scientific hubris remains a temptation almost impossible to avoid. But we should take Mary Shelley's warnings seriously. Some of these longevity experiments will be interesting and ultimately harmless. Some may even help. Others, such as those involving gene-editing technology, will leave their own monsters waiting in the shadows, and it is unlikely, if history is any indication, that we will be able to see them coming. A more basic problem is trying to defeat death while thinking it is only a material problem to be solved. No latter-day elixir can satisfy our fear of death, which is a physical consequence of metaphysical realities. What ancient emperors and modern tech barons so desperately seek is exactly what's offered in Christ: His eternal life exchanged for our mortal, sinful life. This exchange does not come from a laboratory bottle filled with who knows what, but from an empty tomb. Ultimately, because He defeated death, our bodies will be perfected beyond what even the most optimistic biohacker could dream. Yes, death remains an enemy. But it is a defeated foe, and all who are in Christ will ultimately see its defeat when we are resurrected to life eternal. This is the truth behind what are reported to have been Tim Keller's final words: “There is no downside for me leaving, not in the slightest.” And Dietrich Bonhoeffer's, as well: “This is the end—for me, the beginning of life.” This Breakpoint was co-authored by Dr. Glenn Sunshine. For more resources to live like a Christian in this cultural moment, go to breakpoint.org.
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