POPULARITY
6 episodes with gene regulation
5 episodes with gene regulation
4 episodes with gene regulation
2 episodes with gene regulation
3 episodes with gene regulation
4 episodes with gene regulation
4 episodes with gene regulation
4 episodes with gene regulation
2 episodes with gene regulation
In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we talked with Boyan Bonev from the HelmholtzZetrum in Munich about his work on neuroepigenetics, focusing on gene regulation, chromatin architecture, and primate epigenome evolution, This Episode focuses on Dr. Bonev's recent research, particularly focusing on how chromatin architecture and gene regulation influence neural cell identity and function. He discusses his work investigating transcriptional activity in relation to chromatin insulation, highlighting a critical finding that induced expression of genes does not necessarily lead to chromatin insulation—a point that complicates prior assumptions about the relationship between gene expression and chromatin organization. This study aimed to determine the causal versus correlative aspects of chromatin architecture in brain development and links it to developmental processes and neurodevelopmental disorders. Building on his findings in gene regulation, Dr. Bonev elaborates on a significant study he conducted in his own lab, where he mapped the regulatory landscape of neural differentiation in the mouse neocortex. Here, he employed cutting-edge single-cell sequencing methodologies to analyze intricate gene and enhancer interactions, revealing that selective enhancer-promoter interactions are primarily cell-type specific. This nuanced understanding aids in deciphering the complexities associated with gene expression as it relates to neural stem cells and differentiated neurons, emphasizing the importance of single-cell analyses over bulk sequencing methods. Moreover, Dr. Bonev reveals a novel methodology developed in his lab that allows for the simultaneous assessment of spatial genome organization, chromatin accessibility, and DNA methylation at high resolution. This advancement not only reduces costs but also enhances the potential to correlate higher-dimensional genomic data with specific biological questions, fostering a more integrative approach to understanding genetic regulation. The discussion then shifts focus towards Dr. Bonev's recent project profiling primate epigenome evolution, where he investigated the 3D genome organization, chromatin accessibility, and gene expression among iPSCs and neural stem cells from various species, including humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and macaques. In this research, he identifies trends related to transcription factor evolution and chromatin modifications across species. The insights gleaned from this work underscore the evolutionary significance of structural variations in the 3D genome, pointing to a possible link between chromatin dynamics and the evolutionary development of the primate brain. References Bonev B, Mendelson Cohen N, Szabo Q, Fritsch L, Papadopoulos GL, Lubling Y, Xu X, Lv X, Hugnot JP, Tanay A, Cavalli G. Multiscale 3D Genome Rewiring during Mouse Neural Development. Cell. 2017 Oct 19;171(3):557-572.e24. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.043. PMID: 29053968; PMCID: PMC5651218. Noack, F., Vangelisti, S., Raffl, G. et al. Multimodal profiling of the transcriptional regulatory landscape of the developing mouse cortex identifies Neurog2 as a key epigenome remodeler. Nat Neurosci 25, 154–167 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-021-01002-4 Noack F, Vangelisti S, Ditzer N, Chong F, Albert M, Bonev B. Joint epigenome profiling reveals cell-type-specific gene regulatory programmes in human cortical organoids. Nat Cell Biol. 2023 Dec;25(12):1873-1883. doi: 10.1038/s41556-023-01296-5. Epub 2023 Nov 23. PMID: 37996647; PMCID: PMC10709149. Related Episodes Characterization of Epigenetic States in the Oligodendrocyte Lineage (Gonçalo Castelo-Branco) Polycomb Proteins, Gene Regulation, and Genome Organization in Drosophila (Giacomo Cavalli) The Effect of lncRNAs on Chromatin and Gene Regulation (John Rinn) Contact Epigenetics Podcast on Mastodon Epigenetics Podcast on Bluesky Dr. Stefan Dillinger on LinkedIn Active Motif on LinkedIn Active Motif on Bluesky Email: podcast@activemotif.com
Join us for an insightful conversation with Dr. Nadav Ahituv, a leader in human genetics and gene regulation at UCSF. He shares his personal journey from scoliosis patient to genetic researcher, exploring the mysteries of non-coding DNA, massively parallel reporter assays, and CRISPR-based therapeutic innovations.We dive into his lab's diverse projects, from decoding bat wing development and diet adaptation to tackling complex diseases like scoliosis and cancer through gene modulation. Learn how cloning is used alongside technologies like AI, genome-wide sequencing, and CRISPR to revolutionize our understanding of regulatory elements and shape the future of precision medicine.Plus, discover how a surprising approach—using modified fat cells—could be a game-changer in cancer therapy. This episode is a must-listen for anyone fascinated by the intersection of genetics, technology, and evolution. Subscribe to get future episodes as they drop and if you like what you're hearing we hope you'll share a review or recommend the series to a colleague. Visit the Invitrogen School of Molecular Biology to access helpful molecular biology resources and educational content, and please share this resource with anyone you know working in molecular biology. For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we talked with Giacomo Cavalli from the Institute of Human Genetics in Montpellier about his work on critical aspects of epigenetic regulation, particularly the role of Polycomb proteins and chromatin architecture. We start the Interview by talking about Dr. Cavalli's work on Polycomb function in maintaining chromatin states and how it relates to gene regulation. He shares insights from his early lab experiences, where he aimed to understand the inheritance mechanisms of chromatin states through various models, including the FAB7 cellular memory module. The discussion uncovers how Polycomb proteins can silence gene expression and the complex interplay between different epigenetic factors that govern this process. Dr. Cavalli also addresses how he has investigated the recruitment mechanisms of Polycomb complexes, highlighting the roles of several DNA-binding proteins, including DSP-1 and GAGA factor, in this intricate regulatory landscape. He emphasizes the evolution of our understanding of Polycomb recruitment, illustrating the multifactorial nature of this biological puzzle. As the conversation progresses, we explore Dr. Cavalli's fascinating research into the three-dimensional organization of the genome. He explains his contributions to mapping chromosomal interactions within Drosophila and the distinctions observed when performing similar studies in mammalian systems. Key findings regarding topologically associated domains (TADs) and their association with gene expression are presented, alongside the implications for our understanding of gene regulation in development and disease. References Déjardin, J., Rappailles, A., Cuvier, O., Grimaud, C., Decoville, M., Locker, D., & Cavalli, G. (2005). Recruitment of Drosophila Polycomb group proteins to chromatin by DSP1. Nature, 434(7032), 533–538. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03386 Sexton, T., Yaffe, E., Kenigsberg, E., Bantignies, F., Leblanc, B., Hoichman, M., Parrinello, H., Tanay, A., & Cavalli, G. (2012). Three-dimensional folding and functional organization principles of the Drosophila genome. Cell, 148(3), 458–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.01.010 Bonev, B., Mendelson Cohen, N., Szabo, Q., Fritsch, L., Papadopoulos, G. L., Lubling, Y., Xu, X., Lv, X., Hugnot, J. P., Tanay, A., & Cavalli, G. (2017). Multiscale 3D Genome Rewiring during Mouse Neural Development. Cell, 171(3), 557–572.e24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.043 Szabo, Q., Donjon, A., Jerković, I., Papadopoulos, G. L., Cheutin, T., Bonev, B., Nora, E. P., Bruneau, B. G., Bantignies, F., & Cavalli, G. (2020). Regulation of single-cell genome organization into TADs and chromatin nanodomains. Nature genetics, 52(11), 1151–1157. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-020-00716-8 Related Episodes BET Proteins and Their Role in Chromosome Folding and Compartmentalization (Kyle Eagen) Long-Range Transcriptional Control by 3D Chromosome Structure (Luca Giorgetti) Epigenetic Landscapes During Cancer (Luciano Di Croce) Contact Epigenetics Podcast on Mastodon Epigenetics Podcast on Bluesky Dr. Stefan Dillinger on LinkedIn Active Motif on LinkedIn Active Motif on Bluesky Email: podcast@activemotif.com
Elizabeth Blackburn, Ph.D., examines the relationship between telomeres, cellular aging, and metabolic health, highlighting how telomere regulation differs between insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant individuals. She discusses the effects of environmental factors—like glucose levels, stress hormones, and drugs—on telomere maintenance, which can disrupt cellular coordination and contribute to age-related diseases. Blackburn also shares insights from studies on hibernating lemurs, indicating that while their telomere health remains stable during metabolic slowdowns, it declines upon reactivation. Ultimately, she suggests that telomere maintenance could serve as a valuable biomarker for early signs of metabolic dysfunction, informing strategies for long-term health and resilience. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39944]
Elizabeth Blackburn, Ph.D., examines the relationship between telomeres, cellular aging, and metabolic health, highlighting how telomere regulation differs between insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant individuals. She discusses the effects of environmental factors—like glucose levels, stress hormones, and drugs—on telomere maintenance, which can disrupt cellular coordination and contribute to age-related diseases. Blackburn also shares insights from studies on hibernating lemurs, indicating that while their telomere health remains stable during metabolic slowdowns, it declines upon reactivation. Ultimately, she suggests that telomere maintenance could serve as a valuable biomarker for early signs of metabolic dysfunction, informing strategies for long-term health and resilience. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39944]
Elizabeth Blackburn, Ph.D., examines the relationship between telomeres, cellular aging, and metabolic health, highlighting how telomere regulation differs between insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant individuals. She discusses the effects of environmental factors—like glucose levels, stress hormones, and drugs—on telomere maintenance, which can disrupt cellular coordination and contribute to age-related diseases. Blackburn also shares insights from studies on hibernating lemurs, indicating that while their telomere health remains stable during metabolic slowdowns, it declines upon reactivation. Ultimately, she suggests that telomere maintenance could serve as a valuable biomarker for early signs of metabolic dysfunction, informing strategies for long-term health and resilience. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39944]
Elizabeth Blackburn, Ph.D., examines the relationship between telomeres, cellular aging, and metabolic health, highlighting how telomere regulation differs between insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant individuals. She discusses the effects of environmental factors—like glucose levels, stress hormones, and drugs—on telomere maintenance, which can disrupt cellular coordination and contribute to age-related diseases. Blackburn also shares insights from studies on hibernating lemurs, indicating that while their telomere health remains stable during metabolic slowdowns, it declines upon reactivation. Ultimately, she suggests that telomere maintenance could serve as a valuable biomarker for early signs of metabolic dysfunction, informing strategies for long-term health and resilience. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39944]
Elizabeth Blackburn, Ph.D., examines the relationship between telomeres, cellular aging, and metabolic health, highlighting how telomere regulation differs between insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant individuals. She discusses the effects of environmental factors—like glucose levels, stress hormones, and drugs—on telomere maintenance, which can disrupt cellular coordination and contribute to age-related diseases. Blackburn also shares insights from studies on hibernating lemurs, indicating that while their telomere health remains stable during metabolic slowdowns, it declines upon reactivation. Ultimately, she suggests that telomere maintenance could serve as a valuable biomarker for early signs of metabolic dysfunction, informing strategies for long-term health and resilience. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39944]
Elizabeth Blackburn, Ph.D., examines the relationship between telomeres, cellular aging, and metabolic health, highlighting how telomere regulation differs between insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant individuals. She discusses the effects of environmental factors—like glucose levels, stress hormones, and drugs—on telomere maintenance, which can disrupt cellular coordination and contribute to age-related diseases. Blackburn also shares insights from studies on hibernating lemurs, indicating that while their telomere health remains stable during metabolic slowdowns, it declines upon reactivation. Ultimately, she suggests that telomere maintenance could serve as a valuable biomarker for early signs of metabolic dysfunction, informing strategies for long-term health and resilience. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39944]
Elizabeth Blackburn, Ph.D., examines the relationship between telomeres, cellular aging, and metabolic health, highlighting how telomere regulation differs between insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant individuals. She discusses the effects of environmental factors—like glucose levels, stress hormones, and drugs—on telomere maintenance, which can disrupt cellular coordination and contribute to age-related diseases. Blackburn also shares insights from studies on hibernating lemurs, indicating that while their telomere health remains stable during metabolic slowdowns, it declines upon reactivation. Ultimately, she suggests that telomere maintenance could serve as a valuable biomarker for early signs of metabolic dysfunction, informing strategies for long-term health and resilience. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39944]
In this episode, we explore the role of Vitamin D in brain health, focusing on how its active form, calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), influences cognitive function and neuroprotection. We'll discuss the synthesis of Vitamin D, its conversion into its active form, and its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier to exert effects on neurons and glial cells. Additionally, we will highlight how calcitriol regulates gene expression through Vitamin D Response Elements (VDREs), impacting inflammation, antioxidant defense, and neurotrophic support. Finally, we touch on the symptoms of low Vitamin D and the link to cognitive decline. Topics: 1. Introduction to Vitamin D and the Brain - Forms of Vitamin D, synthesis, conversion/activation, and its role in the brain 2. Vitamin D - Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol), plant-based sources like mushrooms - Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), UVB radiation, animal-based foods - Inactive forms 3. Synthesis and Conversion of Vitamin D3 - Synthesis in the skin: 7-dehydrocholesterol converts to pre-vitamin D3 - Conversion in the liver: 25-hydroxylase converts D3 to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (calcidiol) - Final activation in the kidneys: 1-alpha-hydroxylase converts calcidiol to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol), the active form 4. Calcitriol and the Blood-Brain Barrier - Calcitriol's lipophilic nature, crossing the BBB - The structure and function of the blood-brain barrier - How calcitriol diffuses across the BBB and reaches brain cells 5. Calcitriol's Role in the Brain - Interaction with Vitamin D receptors (VDRs) in neurons and glial cells - VDRs in key brain regions: hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, basal ganglia - Binding of calcitriol to VDRs, conformational change, and formation of the VDR-RXR complex 6. Gene Regulation via Vitamin D Response Elements (VDREs) - Overview of VDREs in promoter regions of genes - Role of calcitriol in activating or repressing gene transcription 7. Impact on Inflammatory Responses - VDREs in anti-inflammatory genes promote IL-10 expression - Calcitriol's role in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-alpha 8. Neurotrophic Factors - VDREs' role in regulating genes that promote BDNF - BDNF's impact on neuron survival, growth, and synaptic connectivity 9. Antioxidant Enzymes - VDREs influence the expression of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) - The role of these enzymes in defending neurons from oxidative stress 10. Brain Regions & Calcitriol - Hippocampus: Learning, memory, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity - Prefrontal Cortex: Executive functions, mood regulation - Cerebellum: Motor control, cognitive processing, calcium homeostasis - Basal Ganglia: Movement regulation, protection of dopaminergic neurons - Amygdala: Emotion processing, fear, anxiety, stress response 11. Interconnection of Brain Regions - How Vitamin D's effects on neurotransmitter regulation, anti-inflammatory action, and calcium homeostasis create a global protective effect. 12. Conclusion - Recap of calcitriol's cellular mechanisms and neuroprotective effects - Symptoms of low Vitamin D Thank you to our episode sponsor: 1. Check out Daily Nouri and use code CHLOE20 for 20% off your order. Thanks for tuning in! Get Chloe's Book Today! "75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks" Follow Chloe on Instagram @synthesisofwellness Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit synthesisofwellness.com to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support
This week, we're thrilled to welcome Nadav Ahituv, the Director of the Institute of Human Genetics at the University of California, Berkeley. Patrick and Nadav discuss his research on gene regulation, including his intriguing work on bats and their unique metabolic adaptations – and what that means for human health. They also discuss the evolution of our understanding of genetics, from ancient DNA insights to the mechanisms driving human traits, and how these discoveries could pave the way for future therapies.
Synthetic technologies allow scientists to venture into uncharted waters, asking unique research questions and finding previously unattainable solutions to some of life's biggest mysteries. From gene editing to protein engineering, synthesized DNA libraries enable researchers to grasp once unreachable high-throughput screening applications and dismantle barriers between experimental ideation and execution. In this podcast series, Synthetic Screens, Genes, and De Novo Proteins, The Scientist's Creative Services Team talks to experts about their experiences implementing Twist Bioscience's synthesized long double-stranded gene pools, called Multiplexed Gene Fragments, for high-throughput screening. In this episode, Deanna MacNeil from The Scientist spoke with Josh Tycko, a neurobiology postdoctoral researcher in Michael Greenberg's laboratory at Harvard Medical School, about investigating gene regulation with synthetic DNA libraries.
Human females have two X chromosomes. One is inactive. Monotremes have five X chromosomes and their effect is regulated by RNA which somehow coordinates which chromosome will lead to the production of proteins.
We're digging back into our archives with an episode with bioengineer Polly Fordyce. Polly studies the form and function of proteins. She refers to proteins as the “workhorses” that make things in the body happen, and her study of these molecules reveals a greater understanding of human life. We hope you'll tune in to this conversation again, and enjoy.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Polly FordycePolly's Lab: The Fordyce LabConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Polly Fordyce, a professor of bioengineering and genetics at Stanford University.(00:01:51) What are Proteins?The basics of proteins and their crucial roles in the body.(00:05:01) Protein Structure and FunctionThe relationship between protein structure and function.(00:07:07) Innovations in Protein ResearchThe high-throughput technologies used in the lab to study protein functions.(00:09:44) Mutant Proteins and Functional VariantsHow mutations in proteins affect their function and structure, using the example of the protein PafA.(00:14:24) The Impact of Protein Research on MedicineInsight into how protein mutations can aid in developing targeted therapies.(00:17:37) Proteins and DNA InteractionThe role of proteins in reading DNA and regulating gene expression.(00:21:41) Transcription Factors and DNA BindingThe relationship between transcription factors and specific DNA sequences.(00:25:36) Mechanisms of Transcription ActivationThe process of transcription activation and the role of co-activators and RNA polymerase.(00:28:15) Future Directions in Protein ResearchThe future of protein research, including making advanced research tools more accessible.(00:30:36) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X
In this episode, we delve into the science behind peptide bioregulators, specifically focusing on Glandokort, a natural extract from the adrenal gland. We explore the unique characteristics and mechanisms of peptide bioregulators, highlighting their tissue-specific effects and role in gene regulation. Additionally, we provide an overview of the adrenal glands' anatomy and functions, and discuss how Glandokort may aid in normalizing adrenal gland protein synthesis in the context of some types of adrenal insufficiency. Understanding Peptides Definition of peptides: Short chains of amino acids Comparison of peptide bioregulators and other peptides (e.g., BPC-157) Size and function of peptide bioregulators Bioregulators penetrate the cell membrane AND the nuclear membrane Function of Peptide Bioregulators Role in restoring organ balance Tissue-specific effect Gene Regulation and Cellular Differentiation Importance of gene regulation Nuance of cell differentiation and gene expression Today's focus: gene regulation impacting a cell's functional activity Mechanism of Bioregulators Interaction with DNA and gene expression Binding to histone proteins Promotion of gene expression in tissue-specific cells History and Development of Peptide Bioregulators Early isolation from animal tissues Examples of tissues used for extraction Development of the synthetic peptide bioregulators Natural vs. Synthetic Peptide Bioregulators Availability of natural and synthetic supplements Focusing on the natural extract of the adrenal gland: Glandokort Adrenal Glands Overview Location and function of adrenal glands Division into cortex and medulla 7.1 Adrenal Cortex Zona Glomerulosa: Production of mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) Zona Fasciculata: Production of glucocorticoids (cortisol) Zona Reticularis: Production of androgens 7.2 Adrenal Medulla Production of catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) Role in 'fight or flight' response Glandokort Supplement Description: Natural adrenal gland peptides Function: Normalizing adrenal gland protein synthesis Context of HPA-axis dysfunction or "adrenal fatigue" Importance of working with a licensed medical professional More research is needed Thanks for tuning in! Get Chloe's Book Today! "75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks" If you liked this episode, please leave a rating and review or share it to your stories over on Instagram. If you tag @synthesisofwellness, Chloe would love to personally thank you for listening! Follow Chloe on Instagram @synthesisofwellness Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit synthesisofwellness.com to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! Or visit linktr.ee/synthesisofwellness to see all of Chloe's links, schedule a BioPhotonic Scanner consult with Chloe, or support the show! Thanks again for tuning in! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support
Ethnology, also known as cross-cultural analysis or comparative anthropology, involves comparing features of historically documented human societies. It has historical ties to archaeology, with notable figures like Augustus Pitt Rivers and Lewis Binford being proponents. Despite this, it's not commonly seen as a vital archaeological tool. This talk argues for its importance, citing both theoretical and practical benefits. Including ethnology in archaeological education can expedite our understanding of patterns in the archaeological record. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 39271]
Ethnology, also known as cross-cultural analysis or comparative anthropology, involves comparing features of historically documented human societies. It has historical ties to archaeology, with notable figures like Augustus Pitt Rivers and Lewis Binford being proponents. Despite this, it's not commonly seen as a vital archaeological tool. This talk argues for its importance, citing both theoretical and practical benefits. Including ethnology in archaeological education can expedite our understanding of patterns in the archaeological record. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 39271]
Ethnology, also known as cross-cultural analysis or comparative anthropology, involves comparing features of historically documented human societies. It has historical ties to archaeology, with notable figures like Augustus Pitt Rivers and Lewis Binford being proponents. Despite this, it's not commonly seen as a vital archaeological tool. This talk argues for its importance, citing both theoretical and practical benefits. Including ethnology in archaeological education can expedite our understanding of patterns in the archaeological record. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 39271]
CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (Video)
Ethnology, also known as cross-cultural analysis or comparative anthropology, involves comparing features of historically documented human societies. It has historical ties to archaeology, with notable figures like Augustus Pitt Rivers and Lewis Binford being proponents. Despite this, it's not commonly seen as a vital archaeological tool. This talk argues for its importance, citing both theoretical and practical benefits. Including ethnology in archaeological education can expedite our understanding of patterns in the archaeological record. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 39271]
Ethnology, also known as cross-cultural analysis or comparative anthropology, involves comparing features of historically documented human societies. It has historical ties to archaeology, with notable figures like Augustus Pitt Rivers and Lewis Binford being proponents. Despite this, it's not commonly seen as a vital archaeological tool. This talk argues for its importance, citing both theoretical and practical benefits. Including ethnology in archaeological education can expedite our understanding of patterns in the archaeological record. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 39271]
Ethnology, also known as cross-cultural analysis or comparative anthropology, involves comparing features of historically documented human societies. It has historical ties to archaeology, with notable figures like Augustus Pitt Rivers and Lewis Binford being proponents. Despite this, it's not commonly seen as a vital archaeological tool. This talk argues for its importance, citing both theoretical and practical benefits. Including ethnology in archaeological education can expedite our understanding of patterns in the archaeological record. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 39271]
Ethnology, also known as cross-cultural analysis or comparative anthropology, involves comparing features of historically documented human societies. It has historical ties to archaeology, with notable figures like Augustus Pitt Rivers and Lewis Binford being proponents. Despite this, it's not commonly seen as a vital archaeological tool. This talk argues for its importance, citing both theoretical and practical benefits. Including ethnology in archaeological education can expedite our understanding of patterns in the archaeological record. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 39271]
Since humans split from their primate ancestors, their brains evolved with a larger mass relative to body weight, more cortical neurons, and distinct connectivity patterns. Human neurons mature more slowly, a trait known as neoteny, likely influencing these differences. Gene regulation, not new genes, may underlie species differences, particularly in the primate lineage. The role of these regulatory mechanisms in human neuron development remains poorly understood. This lecture explores the molecular factors affecting prolonged human neuron maturation and its implications for human development and neurodevelopmental diseases. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 39270]
Since humans split from their primate ancestors, their brains evolved with a larger mass relative to body weight, more cortical neurons, and distinct connectivity patterns. Human neurons mature more slowly, a trait known as neoteny, likely influencing these differences. Gene regulation, not new genes, may underlie species differences, particularly in the primate lineage. The role of these regulatory mechanisms in human neuron development remains poorly understood. This lecture explores the molecular factors affecting prolonged human neuron maturation and its implications for human development and neurodevelopmental diseases. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 39270]
Since humans split from their primate ancestors, their brains evolved with a larger mass relative to body weight, more cortical neurons, and distinct connectivity patterns. Human neurons mature more slowly, a trait known as neoteny, likely influencing these differences. Gene regulation, not new genes, may underlie species differences, particularly in the primate lineage. The role of these regulatory mechanisms in human neuron development remains poorly understood. This lecture explores the molecular factors affecting prolonged human neuron maturation and its implications for human development and neurodevelopmental diseases. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 39270]
CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (Video)
Since humans split from their primate ancestors, their brains evolved with a larger mass relative to body weight, more cortical neurons, and distinct connectivity patterns. Human neurons mature more slowly, a trait known as neoteny, likely influencing these differences. Gene regulation, not new genes, may underlie species differences, particularly in the primate lineage. The role of these regulatory mechanisms in human neuron development remains poorly understood. This lecture explores the molecular factors affecting prolonged human neuron maturation and its implications for human development and neurodevelopmental diseases. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 39270]
Since humans split from their primate ancestors, their brains evolved with a larger mass relative to body weight, more cortical neurons, and distinct connectivity patterns. Human neurons mature more slowly, a trait known as neoteny, likely influencing these differences. Gene regulation, not new genes, may underlie species differences, particularly in the primate lineage. The role of these regulatory mechanisms in human neuron development remains poorly understood. This lecture explores the molecular factors affecting prolonged human neuron maturation and its implications for human development and neurodevelopmental diseases. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 39270]
Since humans split from their primate ancestors, their brains evolved with a larger mass relative to body weight, more cortical neurons, and distinct connectivity patterns. Human neurons mature more slowly, a trait known as neoteny, likely influencing these differences. Gene regulation, not new genes, may underlie species differences, particularly in the primate lineage. The role of these regulatory mechanisms in human neuron development remains poorly understood. This lecture explores the molecular factors affecting prolonged human neuron maturation and its implications for human development and neurodevelopmental diseases. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 39270]
Since humans split from their primate ancestors, their brains evolved with a larger mass relative to body weight, more cortical neurons, and distinct connectivity patterns. Human neurons mature more slowly, a trait known as neoteny, likely influencing these differences. Gene regulation, not new genes, may underlie species differences, particularly in the primate lineage. The role of these regulatory mechanisms in human neuron development remains poorly understood. This lecture explores the molecular factors affecting prolonged human neuron maturation and its implications for human development and neurodevelopmental diseases. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 39270]
In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we caught up with Björn Schumacher from the Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease at the University of Cologne to talk about his work on DNA damage in longevity and ageing. In this episode Björn Schumacher discusses his research on DNA repair and its impact on ageing. We explore his insights on the effects of DNA damage on transcription, the importance of studying development, and the role of histone modifications. We also discuss paternal DNA damage inheritance and the DREAM complex as a master regulator of DNA repair. The lab's goal is to enhance somatic DNA repair for healthier ageing and disease prevention. References Schumacher, B., van der Pluijm, I., Moorhouse, M. J., Kosteas, T., Robinson, A. R., Suh, Y., Breit, T. M., van Steeg, H., Niedernhofer, L. J., van Ijcken, W., Bartke, A., Spindler, S. R., Hoeijmakers, J. H., van der Horst, G. T., & Garinis, G. A. (2008). Delayed and accelerated aging share common longevity assurance mechanisms. PLoS genetics, 4(8), e1000161. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000161 Ermolaeva, M. A., Segref, A., Dakhovnik, A., Ou, H. L., Schneider, J. I., Utermöhlen, O., Hoppe, T., & Schumacher, B. (2013). DNA damage in germ cells induces an innate immune response that triggers systemic stress resistance. Nature, 501(7467), 416–420. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12452 Wang, S., Meyer, D. H., & Schumacher, B. (2023). Inheritance of paternal DNA damage by histone-mediated repair restriction. Nature, 613(7943), 365–374. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05544-w Bujarrabal-Dueso, A., Sendtner, G., Meyer, D. H., Chatzinikolaou, G., Stratigi, K., Garinis, G. A., & Schumacher, B. (2023). The DREAM complex functions as conserved master regulator of somatic DNA-repair capacities. Nature structural & molecular biology, 30(4), 475–488. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41594-023-00942-8 Related Episodes Effects of Environmental Cues on the Epigenome and Longevity (Paul Shiels) Transposable Elements in Gene Regulation and Evolution (Marco Trizzino) Epigenetic Clocks and Biomarkers of Ageing (Morgan Levine) Contact Epigenetics Podcast on Twitter Epigenetics Podcast on Instagram Epigenetics Podcast on Mastodon Active Motif on Twitter Active Motif on LinkedIn Email: podcast@activemotif.com
Imagine regenerating your organs, resetting your DNA, and making aging optional. I know, it probably sounds too good to be true. With that said, our guest for this episode, Phil Micans is here to deliver some top-secret health information that will blow your mind. We're going to take a deep dive into the world of peptide bioregulators: a Soviet Military secret that is nothing short of revolutionary with incredible safety profiles. A high-level simplistic way to think of these is as a specialized multivitamins, except they are specific for each organ and system in our body. You've never heard of them because they would affect the bottom lines of Big Pharma and other mainstream Western medicine industries. For over 30 years, Phil Micans has been dedicated and completely immersed in the world of anti-aging and regenerative medicine. Phil spends his time helping to spread the latest international lifespan information to the public by being the Editor of the Aging Matters(TM) magazine and assisting with many other publications and conferences. He also established the IAS Group in 1991, an organization dedicated to finding hard-to-obtain supplements and health products. This episode is loaded with so many insights and revelations. In fact, I was so excited about this conversation that I forgot to turn my recording mic on for the majority of the conversation so I sound a bit muffled but Phil sounds amazing (and that's most important). — Episode Chapter Big Ideas (timing may not be exact) — (0:00:02) - Peptide Bioregulators and Aging and Longevity (0:11:25) - Bioregulators in Food (0:16:48) - Gene Regulation in Thyroid Health (0:30:19) - Bioregulators and Aging (0:40:38) - Biological Age Markers and Horvath Clock Test (0:51:17) - Peptides' Impact on Health and Longevity (0:59:35) - Pineal Peptide's Role in Aging (1:13:46) - Melatonin and Peptide for Cancer Patients (1:26:27) - Peptides and Stem Cells (1:35:06) - Exploring Peptide Bioregulators and Health (1:48:18) - Bioregulators for Lung and Eye Health (1:57:16) - Definitive Guide to Profound Health — Connect with Phil Micans — Website — https://www.antiaging-systems.com/ Store Website — https://profound-health.com/ (save 15% off your order with the code EXECHEALTH-15) Aging Matters (Magazine) Website — https://aging-matters.com/ — Connect with Julian and Executive Health — Curious about becoming a concierge client? Sign up for a complimentary 60-minute Executive Health Meeting — executivehealth.io/contact LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/julianhayesii/ Join my upcoming weekly 'Journal' + get our free executive health report: ‘The Optimal Executive: 17 Impactful Actions to Look, Feel, and Stay at The Top of Your Game.' Visit— executivehealth.io/report ***DISCLAIMER The information shared is not meant to treat or diagnose any condition. This is for educational, informational, and entertainment purposes. The content here is not intended to replace your relationship with your doctor and/or medical practitioner. Any decision to begin the use of the following supplements or use any of the information on this website or podcast should be discussed with your doctor and/or medical practitioner. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/executive-health/message
Are you part of the 70%? Vitamin D deficiency is a silent crisis affecting both the U.S. and Europe. The lack of this essential nutrient can lead to severe mental health issues, including depression and anxiety, due to its role in serotonin production. Physical health is also at risk, with increased chances of respiratory issues and even cancer. In this eye-opening episode, we delve into the Huberman Lab Podcast, where Dr. Andrew Huberman and his guest Dr. Rhonda Patrick, discuss the alarming rates and severe health consequences of Vitamin D deficiency.Who are Dr. Andrew Huberman and Dr. Rhonda Patrick?Dr. Andrew Huberman is a renowned neuroscientist and professor at Stanford University. His guest, Dr. Rhonda Patrick, is an expert in nutritional health. Together, they unpack the science behind Vitamin D, its crucial role in our body, and why you should be concerned about your Vitamin D levels.Who Needs to Watch This?If you care about your mental and physical health, this episode is a must-watch. Whether you're in the U.S. or Europe, young or old, the information here is vital for everyone.What You'll Learn:The science behind Vitamin D and its production in our bodyHow Vitamin D affects your mood and immune systemThe relationship between skin color and Vitamin D productionPractical tips for proper Vitamin D supplementationTimestamps:(01:22) Introduction to Vitamin D's Importance(01:46) Vitamin D and Skin Color(03:17) Vitamin D Deficiency in the Population(04:49) Vitamin D and Gene Regulation(04:59) Vitamin D and Serotonin(07:15) Importance of Testing Vitamin D Levels(07:27) Vitamin D Supplementation DosageTake Control of Your HealthDon't be part of the statistics. Consult your physician or pharmacy today to get your Vitamin D levels checked. Your health is in your hands.
In today's episode, we are diving deep into the world of bioregulator peptides, what makes them unique when compared to other peptides, and different peptide stacks for different uses. Thanks so much for tuning in! Topics: 1. Introduction - Biohacking Congress Meet-up in Miami 2. Overview of Bioregulator Peptides - Introduction to bioregulator peptides - Comparison with other peptide types (e.g., bpc-157) - Advantages of bioregulator peptides due to size and permeability - Tissue-specific effects of bioregulators 3. Gene Regulation and Cellular Differentiation - Explanation of gene regulation's permanent impact on cell differentiation - Importance of gene expression in cell differentiation but also in the functional activity of the cell 4. Mechanism of Bioregulator Peptides - Interaction of bioregulator peptides with DNA regions - Binding to histone proteins at the gene promoter site - Activation of gene expression and protein synthesis - Tissue-specificity of bioregulator peptides 5. Discovery and Terminology of Bioregulator Peptides - Vladimir Khavinson's role in peptide bioregulator discovery - Extraction of peptides from various tissues - Introduction of synthetic bioregulator peptides - Terminology: cytomedines and cytogen 6. Examples of Bioregulator Peptides - Thymagen: Immunomodulatory effects - Epithalon (Epitalon): Anti-aging effects and telomere elongation - Cortagen: Benefits for central nervous system and neuroprotection - Pancragen: Influence on pancreas / metabolic dysfunction and diabetes - Pinealon: Neuroprotection, melatonin regulation, circadian rhythm, memory, etc... 7. Potential Applications and Stacking of Bioregulator Peptides - Discussion on administration methods (injections, sublingual, oral) - Introduction to an anti-aging stack - Components of the stack: epitalon, pinealon, BPC-157, NAD+ - Personal preferences on peptide selection Thanks for tuning in! Use code CHLOEP for 5% off all Timeline Nutrition products If you liked this episode, please leave a rating and review or share it to your stories over on Instagram. If you tag @synthesisofwellness, Chloe would love to personally thank you for listening! Follow Chloe on Instagram @synthesisofwellness Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit synthesisofwellness.com to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! Or visit linktr.ee/synthesisofwellness to see all of Chloe's links, schedule a BioPhotonic Scanner consult with Chloe, or support the show! Thanks again for tuning in! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support
In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we caught up with Paul Shiels from the University of Glasgow to talk about his work on the effects of environmental cues on the epigenome and longevity. Paul Shiels and his team focus on the question on how age related health is influenced by the environment. Factors like the socio-economic position, nutrition, lifestyle and the environment can influence the microbiome and the inflammation burden on the body which in turn can alter individual trajectories of ageing and health. The lab also tries to understand the epigenetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms that link the exposome to chronic age related diseases of older people. They have shown that (1) imbalanced nutrition is associated with a microbiota-mediated accelerated ageing in the general population, (2) a significantly higher abundance of circulatory pathogenic bacteria is found in the most biologically aged, while those less biologically aged possess more circulatory salutogenic bacteria with a capacity to metabolise and produce cytoprotective Nrf2 agonists, (3) those at lower socioeconomic position possess significantly lower betaine levels indicative of a poorer diet and poorer health span and consistent with reduced global DNA methylation levels in this group. References Harris, S. E., Deary, I. J., MacIntyre, A., Lamb, K. J., Radhakrishnan, K., Starr, J. M., Whalley, L. J., & Shiels, P. G. (2006). The association between telomere length, physical health, cognitive ageing, and mortality in non-demented older people. Neuroscience Letters, 406(3), 260–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2006.07.055 Paul G. Shiels, Improving Precision in Investigating Aging: Why Telomeres Can Cause Problems, The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Volume 65A, Issue 8, August 2010, Pages 789–791, https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glq095 Mafra D, Ugochukwu SA, Borges NA, et al. Food for healthier aging: power on your plate. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2022 Aug:1-14. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2107611. PMID: 35959705. Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P, Kooman JP, McGuinness D. Circulating markers of ageing and allostatic load: A slow train coming. Practical Laboratory Medicine. 2017 Apr;7:49-54. DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2016.04.002. PMID: 28856219; PMCID: PMC5574864. Related Episodes Transposable Elements in Gene Regulation and Evolution (Marco Trizzino) Epigenetic Clocks and Biomarkers of Ageing (Morgan Levine) Aging and Epigenetics (Peter Tessarz) Contact Epigenetics Podcast on Twitter Epigenetics Podcast on Instagram Epigenetics Podcast on Mastodon Active Motif on Twitter Active Motif on LinkedIn Email: podcast@activemotif.com
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.24.524209v1?rss=1 Authors: Orniacki, C., Verrico, A., Pelletier, S., Souquet, B., Coulpier, F., Jourdren, L., Benetti, S., Doye, V. Abstract: From their essential function in building up the nuclear pore complexes, nucleoporins have expanded roles beyond nuclear transport. Hence, their contribution to chromatin organization and gene expression has set them as critical players in development and pathologies. We previously reported that Nup133 and Seh1, two components of the Y-complex subunit of the nuclear pore scaffold, are dispensable for mouse embryonic stem cell viability but required for their survival during neuroectodermal differentiation. Here, a transcriptomic analysis revealed that Nup133 regulates a subset of genes at early stages of neuroectodermal differentiation, including Lhx1 and Nup210L, encoding a newly validated nucleoporin. These genes were also misregulated in Nup133{triangleup}Mid neuronal progenitors, in which NPC basket assembly is impaired, as previously observed in pluripotent cells. However, a four-fold reduction of Nup133, despite affecting basket assembly, is not sufficient to alter Nup210L and Lhx1 regulation. Finally, these two genes are also misregulated in Seh1-deficient neural progenitors that only show a mild decrease in NPC density. Together these data reveal a shared function of Y-complex nucleoporins in gene regulation during neuroectodermal differentiation, which seem independent of nuclear pore basket assembly. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC
Jeffrey Magee, M.D., Ph.D., of Washington University in St. Louis, discusses how mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic stem cells change with age and how this shapes the biology of pediatric leukemia. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38398]
Jeffrey Magee, M.D., Ph.D., of Washington University in St. Louis, discusses how mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic stem cells change with age and how this shapes the biology of pediatric leukemia. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38398]
Jeffrey Magee, M.D., Ph.D., of Washington University in St. Louis, discusses how mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic stem cells change with age and how this shapes the biology of pediatric leukemia. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38398]
Jeffrey Magee, M.D., Ph.D., of Washington University in St. Louis, discusses how mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic stem cells change with age and how this shapes the biology of pediatric leukemia. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38398]
Jeffrey Magee, M.D., Ph.D., of Washington University in St. Louis, discusses how mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic stem cells change with age and how this shapes the biology of pediatric leukemia. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38398]
Jeffrey Magee, M.D., Ph.D., of Washington University in St. Louis, discusses how mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic stem cells change with age and how this shapes the biology of pediatric leukemia. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38398]
Jeffrey Magee, M.D., Ph.D., of Washington University in St. Louis, discusses how mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic stem cells change with age and how this shapes the biology of pediatric leukemia. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38398]
Jeffrey Magee, M.D., Ph.D., of Washington University in St. Louis, discusses how mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic stem cells change with age and how this shapes the biology of pediatric leukemia. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38398]
Jeffrey Magee, M.D., Ph.D., of Washington University in St. Louis, discusses how mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic stem cells change with age and how this shapes the biology of pediatric leukemia. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38398]
In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we caught up with Marco Trizzino from Thomas Jefferson University to talk about his work on transposable elements in gene regulation and evolution. Marco Trizzino and his team focus on characterising transposable elements and how they affect gene regulation, evolution and ageing in primates. They could show that transposable elements that integrated into the genome turned into regulatory elements in the genome, like enhancers. They then contribute to regulation of processes like development or ageing, which could be among those factors that lead to increased brain development or longevity in great apes. References Trizzino M, Park Y, Holsbach-Beltrame M, Aracena K, Mika K, Caliskan M, Perry GH, Lynch VJ, Brown CD. Transposable elements are the primary source of novelty in primate gene regulation. Genome Res. 2017 Oct;27(10):1623-1633. doi: 10.1101/gr.218149.116. Epub 2017 Aug 30. PMID: 28855262; PMCID: PMC5630026. Pagliaroli L, Porazzi P, Curtis AT, Scopa C, Mikkers HMM, Freund C, Daxinger L, Deliard S, Welsh SA, Offley S, Ott CA, Calabretta B, Brugmann SA, Santen GWE, Trizzino M. Inability to switch from ARID1A-BAF to ARID1B-BAF impairs exit from pluripotency and commitment towards neural crest formation in ARID1B-related neurodevelopmental disorders. Nat Commun. 2021 Nov 9;12(1):6469. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26810-x. PMID: 34753942; PMCID: PMC8578637. Tejada-Martinez D, Avelar RA, Lopes I, Zhang B, Novoa G, de Magalhães JP, Trizzino M. Positive Selection and Enhancer Evolution Shaped Lifespan and Body Mass in Great Apes. Mol Biol Evol. 2022 Feb 3;39(2):msab369. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msab369. PMID: 34971383; PMCID: PMC8837823. Young transposable elements rewired gene regulatory networks in human and chimpanzee hippocampal intermediate progenitors. Sruti Patoori, Samantha M. Barnada, Christopher Large, John I. Murray, Marco Trizzino. bioRxiv 2021.11.24.469877; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.24.469877 Related Episodes Enhancer-Promoter Interactions During Development (Yad Ghavi-Helm) Chromatin Organization During Development and Disease (Marieke Oudelaar) Ultraconserved Enhancers and Enhancer Redundancy (Diane Dickel) Contact Active Motif on Twitter Epigenetics Podcast on Twitter Active Motif on LinkedIn Active Motif on Facebook Email: podcast@activemotif.com
In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we caught up with John Rinn from the University of Colorado in Boulder to talk about his work on the role of lncRNAs in gene expression and nuclear organization. The Rinn Lab pioneered the approach of screening the human genome for long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). More recently, the lab has shifted focus from measuring the number of lncRNAs to finding lncRNAs that have a distinct biological function in human health and disease. One example of such a lncRNA is FIRRE, which is present in all animals, however the sequence is not conserved, except for in primates. FIRRE contains many interesting features, such as repeat sequences and CTCF binding sites. In absence of FIRRE, defects in the immune system can be observed and also some brain defects may also be observed. References Carter, T., Singh, M., Dumbovic, G., Chobirko, J. D., Rinn, J. L., & Feschotte, C. (2022). Mosaic cis-regulatory evolution drives transcriptional partitioning of HERVH endogenous retrovirus in the human embryo. eLife, 11, e76257. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.76257 Long, Y., Hwang, T., Gooding, A. R., Goodrich, K. J., Rinn, J. L., & Cech, T. R. (2020). RNA is essential for PRC2 chromatin occupancy and function in human pluripotent stem cells. Nature Genetics, 52(9), 931–938. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-020-0662-x Kelley, D., & Rinn, J. (2012). Transposable elements reveal a stem cell-specific class of long noncoding RNAs. Genome biology, 13(11), R107. https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2012-13-11-r107 Khalil, A. M., Guttman, M., Huarte, M., Garber, M., Raj, A., Rivea Morales, D., Thomas, K., Presser, A., Bernstein, B. E., van Oudenaarden, A., Regev, A., Lander, E. S., & Rinn, J. L. (2009). Many human large intergenic noncoding RNAs associate with chromatin-modifying complexes and affect gene expression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(28), 11667–11672. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0904715106 Guttman, M., Amit, I., Garber, M., French, C., Lin, M. F., Feldser, D., Huarte, M., Zuk, O., Carey, B. W., Cassady, J. P., Cabili, M. N., Jaenisch, R., Mikkelsen, T. S., Jacks, T., Hacohen, N., Bernstein, B. E., Kellis, M., Regev, A., Rinn, J. L., & Lander, E. S. (2009). Chromatin signature reveals over a thousand highly conserved large non-coding RNAs in mammals. Nature, 458(7235), 223–227. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07672 Related Episodes The Role of lncRNAs in Tumor Growth and Treatment (Sarah Diermeier) The Role of Small RNAs in Transgenerational Inheritance in C. elegans (Oded Rechavi) Chromatin Structure and Dynamics at Ribosomal RNA Genes (Tom Moss) Contact Active Motif on Twitter Epigenetics Podcast on Twitter Active Motif on LinkedIn Active Motif on Facebook Email: podcast@activemotif.com
Greg Wang, winner of the 2022 ASBMB Young Investigator Award, presented his lecture, "Chromatin-based modulations underlying gene regulation and pathogenesis," at the 2022 ASBMB Annual Meeting in Philadelphia. Learn more about his work: https://www.asbmb.org/asbmb-today/people/121621/wang-s-studies-are-fueled-by-interest-in-cells. On August 9, 2022 he will also be presenting this talk as a webinar. Register here to join and participate in a Q&A session: https://www.asbmb.org/meetings-events/chromatin-based-modulations.
Huberman Lab Podcast Notes Key Takeaways Intermittent challenges or stressors to your system are good – humans are evolved for challenges, but today's lifestyle has taken away most of the common struggles we experienced beforeThree key nutrients for the brain and body: (1) sulforaphane; (2) omega-3; (3) vitamin DFood sources of sulforaphane: broccoli (barely cooked), broccoli sprouts, moringa powder“I personally think [omega-3 fish oil] is one of the most powerful anti-inflammatory things, dietary lifestyle things we can get easily that is going to powerfully modulate the way you think, the way you feel, and the way you age.” – Dr. Rhonda PatrickVitamin D is not just a vitamin! 70% of the US population is deficient – it's worth measuring & supplementing to optimal bone health, immunity, hormone conversion, and moreThere's a strong dose-dependent nature of sauna use: people who use sauna 4-7x/week have a lower risk (60% reduction) of dementia and Alzheimer's; people who use sauna 2-3x/week have a 20% reduction in riskHeat stress mimics moderate cardiovascular exercise effect – this could be a great onramp for people who are otherwise unable to exercise due to disability or whatever reasonThe cardiorespiratory system is improved in people who do both sauna and exercise compared to doing either aloneStress & memory: if you're too relaxed you won't remember things as well; at peak levels of stress, you remember things better until you reach too high a level of panic Read the full notes @ podcastnotes.orgMy guest is Rhonda Patrick, Ph.D. She earned her doctoral degree in biomedical science from St. Jude Children's Research Hospital at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center and has become one of the leading public health educators on the brain and general health, aging, cancer, and nutrition. We discuss the four major categories of micronutrients that regulate cellular and organ stress and antioxidants, inflammation, hormone regulation, immune system, and longevity. Dr. Patrick provides actionable protocols for obtaining key micronutrients from food and/or supplement-based sources. Additionally, Dr. Patrick outlines protocols for deliberate cold and deliberate heat exposure to benefit metabolism, cardiorespiratory fitness, mental health, and lifespan. Thank you to our sponsors AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman Thesis: https://takethesis.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman See Andrew Huberman Live: The Brain Body Contract Tuesday, May 17th: Seattle, WA Wednesday, May 18th: Portland, OR https://hubermanlab.com/tour Our Patreon page https://www.patreon.com/andrewhuberman Supplements from Momentous https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman. For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com. Timestamps (00:00:00) Dr. Rhonda Patrick – Micronutrients, Cold & Heat Exposure (00:03:12) Momentous Supplements (00:04:27) The Brain-Body Contract (00:05:30) AG1 (Athletic Greens), Thesis, InsideTracker (00:09:42) Stress Response Pathways, Hormesis (00:16:38) Plants, Polyphenols, Sulforaphane (00:21:12) Tools 1: Sulforaphane - Broccoli Sprouts, Broccoli, Mustard Seed (00:23:50) Tool 2: Moringa & Nrf2 Antioxidant Response (00:25:25) Sulforaphane: Antioxidants (Glutathione) & Air Pollution (Benzene Elimination) (00:27:10) Plants & Stress Response Pathways, Intermittent Challenges (00:29:35) Traumatic Brain Injury, Sulforaphane, Nrf2 (00:35:08) Tools 3: Omega-3 Fatty Acids (ALA, EPA & DHA), Fish Oil, Oxidation (00:48:40) EPA Omega-3s & Depression (00:52:02) Krill Oil vs. Fish Oil Supplements? (00:54:23) Benefits of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Omega-3 Index & Life Expectancy (00:59:24) Tool 4: Food Sources of EPA Omega-3s (01:06:07) Omega-3 Supplementation, Omega-3 Index Testing (01:10:22) Benefits of Omega-3s (01:14:40) Tool 5: Food Sources of DHA Omega-3s (01:17:07) Vitamin D & Sun Skin Exposure (01:22:18) Role of Vitamin D, Gene Regulation (01:25:30) Tool 6: Vitamin D Testing & Vitamin D3 Supplementation (01:33:15) Tool 7: Skin Surface Area & Sun Exposure, Vitamin D (01:34:23) Vitamin D & Longevity (01:36:46) Sun Exposure & Sunscreen (01:40:30) Role of Magnesium, Magnesium Sources, Dark Leafy Green Vegetables (01:44:50) Tool 8: Magnesium Supplements: Citrate, Threonate, Malate, Bisglycinate (01:50:57) Tool 9: Deliberate Cold Exposure Protocol & Mood/Anxiety (01:59:22) Tool 10: Cold Exposure, Mitochondria UCP1 & Heat Generation (02:02:30) Tool 11: Cold & Fat ‘Browning', PGC-1alpha, Metabolism (02:05:08) Cold Exposure & High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), PGC-1alpha, Muscle (02:08:04) Tools 12: Exercise, HIIT, Tabata & Sauna (02:13:30) Tool 13: Sauna, Endorphins/Dynorphins, Mood (02:17:45) Tool 14: Mild Stress, Adrenaline & Memory (02:19:53) Sauna, Vasodilation & Alzheimer's and Dementia Risk (02:25:30) Sauna Benefits, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) (02:31:29) Insulin signaling, FOXO3 & Longevity (02:33:22) Tools 16: Sauna Protocols, Hot Baths & Fertility (02:37:41) Tool 17: Exercise & Longevity, Osteocalcin (02:41:37) Tools 18: Red Light Sauna? Infrared Sauna? Sauna & Sweating of Heavy Metals (02:47:20) FoundMyFitness Podcast, Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Patreon, Momentous Supplements, Huberman Lab on Instagram & Twitter Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Disclaimer
Huberman Lab Podcast Notes Key Takeaways Intermittent challenges or stressors to your system are good – humans are evolved for challenges, but today's lifestyle has taken away most of the common struggles we experienced beforeThree key nutrients for the brain and body: (1) sulforaphane; (2) omega-3; (3) vitamin DFood sources of sulforaphane: broccoli (barely cooked), broccoli sprouts, moringa powder“I personally think [omega-3 fish oil] is one of the most powerful anti-inflammatory things, dietary lifestyle things we can get easily that is going to powerfully modulate the way you think, the way you feel, and the way you age.” – Dr. Rhonda PatrickVitamin D is not just a vitamin! 70% of the US population is deficient – it's worth measuring & supplementing to optimal bone health, immunity, hormone conversion, and moreThere's a strong dose-dependent nature of sauna use: people who use sauna 4-7x/week have a lower risk (60% reduction) of dementia and Alzheimer's; people who use sauna 2-3x/week have a 20% reduction in riskHeat stress mimics moderate cardiovascular exercise effect – this could be a great onramp for people who are otherwise unable to exercise due to disability or whatever reasonThe cardiorespiratory system is improved in people who do both sauna and exercise compared to doing either aloneStress & memory: if you're too relaxed you won't remember things as well; at peak levels of stress, you remember things better until you reach too high a level of panic Read the full notes @ podcastnotes.orgMy guest is Rhonda Patrick, Ph.D. She earned her doctoral degree in biomedical science from St. Jude Children's Research Hospital at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center and has become one of the leading public health educators on the brain and general health, aging, cancer, and nutrition. We discuss the four major categories of micronutrients that regulate cellular and organ stress and antioxidants, inflammation, hormone regulation, immune system, and longevity. Dr. Patrick provides actionable protocols for obtaining key micronutrients from food and/or supplement-based sources. Additionally, Dr. Patrick outlines protocols for deliberate cold and deliberate heat exposure to benefit metabolism, cardiorespiratory fitness, mental health, and lifespan. Thank you to our sponsors AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman Thesis: https://takethesis.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman See Andrew Huberman Live: The Brain Body Contract Tuesday, May 17th: Seattle, WA Wednesday, May 18th: Portland, OR https://hubermanlab.com/tour Our Patreon page https://www.patreon.com/andrewhuberman Supplements from Momentous https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman. For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com. Timestamps (00:00:00) Dr. Rhonda Patrick – Micronutrients, Cold & Heat Exposure (00:03:12) Momentous Supplements (00:04:27) The Brain-Body Contract (00:05:30) AG1 (Athletic Greens), Thesis, InsideTracker (00:09:42) Stress Response Pathways, Hormesis (00:16:38) Plants, Polyphenols, Sulforaphane (00:21:12) Tools 1: Sulforaphane - Broccoli Sprouts, Broccoli, Mustard Seed (00:23:50) Tool 2: Moringa & Nrf2 Antioxidant Response (00:25:25) Sulforaphane: Antioxidants (Glutathione) & Air Pollution (Benzene Elimination) (00:27:10) Plants & Stress Response Pathways, Intermittent Challenges (00:29:35) Traumatic Brain Injury, Sulforaphane, Nrf2 (00:35:08) Tools 3: Omega-3 Fatty Acids (ALA, EPA & DHA), Fish Oil, Oxidation (00:48:40) EPA Omega-3s & Depression (00:52:02) Krill Oil vs. Fish Oil Supplements? (00:54:23) Benefits of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Omega-3 Index & Life Expectancy (00:59:24) Tool 4: Food Sources of EPA Omega-3s (01:06:07) Omega-3 Supplementation, Omega-3 Index Testing (01:10:22) Benefits of Omega-3s (01:14:40) Tool 5: Food Sources of DHA Omega-3s (01:17:07) Vitamin D & Sun Skin Exposure (01:22:18) Role of Vitamin D, Gene Regulation (01:25:30) Tool 6: Vitamin D Testing & Vitamin D3 Supplementation (01:33:15) Tool 7: Skin Surface Area & Sun Exposure, Vitamin D (01:34:23) Vitamin D & Longevity (01:36:46) Sun Exposure & Sunscreen (01:40:30) Role of Magnesium, Magnesium Sources, Dark Leafy Green Vegetables (01:44:50) Tool 8: Magnesium Supplements: Citrate, Threonate, Malate, Bisglycinate (01:50:57) Tool 9: Deliberate Cold Exposure Protocol & Mood/Anxiety (01:59:22) Tool 10: Cold Exposure, Mitochondria UCP1 & Heat Generation (02:02:30) Tool 11: Cold & Fat ‘Browning', PGC-1alpha, Metabolism (02:05:08) Cold Exposure & High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), PGC-1alpha, Muscle (02:08:04) Tools 12: Exercise, HIIT, Tabata & Sauna (02:13:30) Tool 13: Sauna, Endorphins/Dynorphins, Mood (02:17:45) Tool 14: Mild Stress, Adrenaline & Memory (02:19:53) Sauna, Vasodilation & Alzheimer's and Dementia Risk (02:25:30) Sauna Benefits, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) (02:31:29) Insulin signaling, FOXO3 & Longevity (02:33:22) Tools 16: Sauna Protocols, Hot Baths & Fertility (02:37:41) Tool 17: Exercise & Longevity, Osteocalcin (02:41:37) Tools 18: Red Light Sauna? Infrared Sauna? Sauna & Sweating of Heavy Metals (02:47:20) FoundMyFitness Podcast, Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Patreon, Momentous Supplements, Huberman Lab on Instagram & Twitter Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Disclaimer
My guest is Rhonda Patrick, Ph.D. She earned her doctoral degree in biomedical science from St. Jude Children's Research Hospital at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center and has become one of the leading public health educators on the brain and general health, aging, cancer, and nutrition. We discuss the four major categories of micronutrients that regulate cellular and organ stress and antioxidants, inflammation, hormone regulation, immune system, and longevity. Dr. Patrick provides actionable protocols for obtaining key micronutrients from food and/or supplement-based sources. Additionally, Dr. Patrick outlines protocols for deliberate cold and deliberate heat exposure to benefit metabolism, cardiorespiratory fitness, mental health, and lifespan. Thank you to our sponsors AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman Thesis: https://takethesis.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman See Andrew Huberman Live: The Brain Body Contract Tuesday, May 17th: Seattle, WA Wednesday, May 18th: Portland, OR https://hubermanlab.com/tour Our Patreon page https://www.patreon.com/andrewhuberman Supplements from Momentous https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman. For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com. Timestamps (00:00:00) Dr. Rhonda Patrick – Micronutrients, Cold & Heat Exposure (00:03:12) Momentous Supplements (00:04:27) The Brain-Body Contract (00:05:30) AG1 (Athletic Greens), Thesis, InsideTracker (00:09:42) Stress Response Pathways, Hormesis (00:16:38) Plants, Polyphenols, Sulforaphane (00:21:12) Tools 1: Sulforaphane - Broccoli Sprouts, Broccoli, Mustard Seed (00:23:50) Tool 2: Moringa & Nrf2 Antioxidant Response (00:25:25) Sulforaphane: Antioxidants (Glutathione) & Air Pollution (Benzene Elimination) (00:27:10) Plants & Stress Response Pathways, Intermittent Challenges (00:29:35) Traumatic Brain Injury, Sulforaphane, Nrf2 (00:35:08) Tools 3: Omega-3 Fatty Acids (ALA, EPA & DHA), Fish Oil, Oxidation (00:48:40) EPA Omega-3s & Depression (00:52:02) Krill Oil vs. Fish Oil Supplements? (00:54:23) Benefits of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Omega-3 Index & Life Expectancy (00:59:24) Tool 4: Food Sources of EPA Omega-3s (01:06:07) Omega-3 Supplementation, Omega-3 Index Testing (01:10:22) Benefits of Omega-3s (01:14:40) Tool 5: Food Sources of DHA Omega-3s (01:17:07) Vitamin D & Sun Skin Exposure (01:22:18) Role of Vitamin D, Gene Regulation (01:25:30) Tool 6: Vitamin D Testing & Vitamin D3 Supplementation (01:33:15) Tool 7: Skin Surface Area & Sun Exposure, Vitamin D (01:34:23) Vitamin D & Longevity (01:36:46) Sun Exposure & Sunscreen (01:40:30) Role of Magnesium, Magnesium Sources, Dark Leafy Green Vegetables (01:44:50) Tool 8: Magnesium Supplements: Citrate, Threonate, Malate, Bisglycinate (01:50:57) Tool 9: Deliberate Cold Exposure Protocol & Mood/Anxiety (01:59:22) Tool 10: Cold Exposure, Mitochondria UCP1 & Heat Generation (02:02:30) Tool 11: Cold & Fat ‘Browning', PGC-1alpha, Metabolism (02:05:08) Cold Exposure & High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), PGC-1alpha, Muscle (02:08:04) Tools 12: Exercise, HIIT, Tabata & Sauna (02:13:30) Tool 13: Sauna, Endorphins/Dynorphins, Mood (02:17:45) Tool 14: Mild Stress, Adrenaline & Memory (02:19:53) Sauna, Vasodilation & Alzheimer's and Dementia Risk (02:25:30) Sauna Benefits, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) (02:31:29) Insulin signaling, FOXO3 & Longevity (02:33:22) Tools 16: Sauna Protocols, Hot Baths & Fertility (02:37:41) Tool 17: Exercise & Longevity, Osteocalcin (02:41:37) Tools 18: Red Light Sauna? Infrared Sauna? Sauna & Sweating of Heavy Metals (02:47:20) FoundMyFitness Podcast, Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Patreon, Momentous Supplements, Huberman Lab on Instagram & Twitter Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Disclaimer
In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we caught up with Eleni Tomazou from St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute in Vienna to talk about her work on Epigenome-based precision medicine. The Tomazou lab studies Ewing sarcoma and the effects of Epigenetic factors on this disease. Ewing sarcoma is a type of cancer that affects bone and soft tissue of children and young adults, with a peak incidence at the age of 15. Ewing sarcoma is among the pediatric cancer types with the lowest survival rates and the development of novel therapies was obstructed by the limited understanding of the mechanisms behind the disease. Work done in Eleni Tomazou's group identified an epigenetic signature of Ewing sarcoma which, ultimately, lead to the possibility to diagnose Ewing sarcoma from liquid biopsies. The team is now looking to find actionable targets like enhancers to develop therapies, finding biomarkers to enable disease monitoring, and to further characterize these tumors to decipher intra-tumor epigenetic heterogeneity and characterize the developmental stage of the cell of origin. References Tomazou, E. M., Sheffield, N. C., Schmidl, C., Schuster, M., Schönegger, A., Datlinger, P., Kubicek, S., Bock, C., & Kovar, H. (2015). Epigenome Mapping Reveals Distinct Modes of Gene Regulation and Widespread Enhancer Reprogramming by the Oncogenic Fusion Protein EWS-FLI1. Cell Reports, 10(7), 1082–1095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.042 Sheffield, N. C., Pierron, G., Klughammer, J., Datlinger, P., Schönegger, A., Schuster, M., Hadler, J., Surdez, D., Guillemot, D., Lapouble, E., Freneaux, P., Champigneulle, J., Bouvier, R., Walder, D., Ambros, I. M., Hutter, C., Sorz, E., Amaral, A. T., de Álava, E., … Tomazou, E. M. (2017). DNA methylation heterogeneity defines a disease spectrum in Ewing sarcoma. Nature Medicine, 23(3), 386–395. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4273 Terlecki-Zaniewicz, S., Humer, T., Eder, T., Schmoellerl, J., Heyes, E., Manhart, G., Kuchynka, N., Parapatics, K., Liberante, F. G., Müller, A. C., Tomazou, E. M., & Grebien, F. (2021). Biomolecular condensation of NUP98 fusion proteins drives leukemogenic gene expression. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, 28(2), 190–201. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41594-020-00550-w Peneder, P., Stütz, A. M., Surdez, D., Krumbholz, M., Semper, S., Chicard, M., Sheffield, N. C., Pierron, G., Lapouble, E., Tötzl, M., Ergüner, B., Barreca, D., Rendeiro, A. F., Agaimy, A., Boztug, H., Engstler, G., Dworzak, M., Bernkopf, M., Taschner-Mandl, S., … Tomazou, E. M. (2021). Multimodal analysis of cell-free DNA whole-genome sequencing for pediatric cancers with low mutational burden. Nature Communications, 12(1), 3230. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23445-w Related Episodes Epigenomics (Henk Stunnenberg) Targeting COMPASS to Cure Childhood Leukemia (Ali Shilatifard) Cancer and Epigenetics (David Jones) Contact Active Motif on Twitter Epigenetics Podcast on Twitter Active Motif on LinkedIn Active Motif on Facebook Email: podcast@activemotif.com
------------------Support the channel------------ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thedissenter PayPal: paypal.me/thedissenter PayPal Subscription 1 Dollar: https://tinyurl.com/yb3acuuy PayPal Subscription 3 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/ybn6bg9l PayPal Subscription 5 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/ycmr9gpz PayPal Subscription 10 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/y9r3fc9m PayPal Subscription 20 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/y95uvkao This show is sponsored by Enlites, Learning & Development done differently. Check the website here: http://enlites.com/ Dr. Günter Wagner is Alison Richard Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Adjunct Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences at Yale University, and Adjunct Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Wayne State University. He is an evolutionary geneticist with training in biochemical engineering, zoology and mathematics from the University of Vienna, Austria. Dr. Wagner's research interest is the evolution of gene regulation as it pertains to the origin of evolutionary novelties. In this episode, we talk about gene regulation, evolutionary novelties, and pregnancy. We start with gene evolution, why it evolved, its importance in evolution, pleiotropy and polygeny, and the relationship between development and evolution. We then get into evolutionary novelties, complex organisms, functional specialization, and the concept of “evolvability”. Finally, we talk about the evolution of pregnancy, endometrial stromal cells, why the fetus is not attacked by the mother's immune system, and the relationship between invasive placentation and malignant cancer. -- A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS/SUPPORTERS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, PER HELGE LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, JERRY MULLER, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BERNARDO SEIXAS, HERBERT GINTIS, RUTGER VOS, RICARDO VLADIMIRO, CRAIG HEALY, OLAF ALEX, PHILIP KURIAN, JONATHAN VISSER, JAKOB KLINKBY, ADAM KESSEL, MATTHEW WHITINGBIRD, ARNAUD WOLFF, TIM HOLLOSY, HENRIK AHLENIUS, JOHN CONNORS, PAULINA BARREN, FILIP FORS CONNOLLY, DAN DEMETRIOU, ROBERT WINDHAGER, RUI INACIO, ARTHUR KOH, ZOOP, MARCO NEVES, COLIN HOLBROOK, SUSAN PINKER, PABLO SANTURBANO, SIMON COLUMBUS, PHIL KAVANAGH, JORGE ESPINHA, CORY CLARK, MARK BLYTH, ROBERTO INGUANZO, MIKKEL STORMYR, ERIC NEURMANN, SAMUEL ANDREEFF, FRANCIS FORDE, TIAGO NUNES, BERNARD HUGUENEY, ALEXANDER DANNBAUER, FERGAL CUSSEN, YEVHEN BODRENKO, HAL HERZOG, NUNO MACHADO, DON ROSS, JONATHAN LEIBRANT, JOÃO LINHARES, OZLEM BULUT, NATHAN NGUYEN, STANTON T, SAMUEL CORREA, ERIK HAINES, MARK SMITH, J.W., JOÃO EIRA, TOM HUMMEL, SARDUS FRANCE, DAVID SLOAN WILSON, YACILA DEZA-ARAUJO, IDAN SOLON, ROMAIN ROCH, DMITRY GRIGORYEV, TOM ROTH, DIEGO LONDOÑO CORREA, YANICK PUNTER, ADANER USMANI, CHARLOTTE BLEASE, NICOLE BARBARO, ADAM HUNT, PAWEL OSTASZEWSKI, AL ORTIZ, NELLEKE BAK, KATHRINE AND PATRICK TOBIN, GUY MADISON, GARY G HELLMANN, SAIMA AFZAL, ADRIAN JAEGGI, NICK GOLDEN, PAULO TOLENTINO, JOÃO BARBOSA, JULIAN PRICE, EDWARD HALL, HEDIN BRØNNER, DOUGLAS P. FRY, FRANCA BORTOLOTTI, GABRIEL PONS CORTÈS, URSULA LITZCKE, DENISE COOK, SCOTT, AND ZACHARY FISH! A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY PRODUCERS, YZAR WEHBE, JIM FRANK, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK, IAN GILLIGAN, LUIS CAYETANO, TOM VANEGDOM, CURTIS DIXON, BENEDIKT MUELLER, VEGA GIDEY, THOMAS TRUMBLE, AND NUNO ELDER! AND TO MY EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS, MICHAL RUSIECKI, ROSEY, JAMES PRATT, MATTHEW LAVENDER, SERGIU CODREANU, AND BOGDAN KANIVETS!
In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we caught up with Jane Skok from New York University School of Medicine to talk about her work on spatio-temporal alterations in chromosome dynamics. Studies demonstrating that nuclear organization and long-range chromatin interactions play essential roles in gene regulation have been the focus of the Skok Lab, where the team has played a leading role. Their initial studies focused on lymphocyte development and the control of V(D)J recombination, a key part of generating the diverse repertoire of B-cell antibodies and T-cell receptors. The Skok Lab was among the first to demonstrate the possibility of chromatin forming dynamic loops which lead to the formation of reversible intra-locus loops in the immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor loci and to a profound impact on the ability of B and T cells to generate receptor diversity. References Roldán, E., Fuxa, M., Chong, W., Martinez, D., Novatchkova, M., Busslinger, M., & Skok, J. A. (2005). Locus “decontraction” and centromeric recruitment contribute to allelic exclusion of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene. Nature Immunology, 6(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1150 Skok, J. A. (2014). Taking a break from the lab: Can it really be done? Trends in Cell Biology, 24(12), 725–726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2014.09.002 Proudhon, C., Snetkova, V., Raviram, R., Lobry, C., Badri, S., Jiang, T., Hao, B., Trimarchi, T., Kluger, Y., Aifantis, I., Bonneau, R., & Skok, J. A. (2016). Active and Inactive Enhancers Cooperate to Exert Localized and Long-Range Control of Gene Regulation. Cell Reports, 15(10), 2159–2169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.087 Lhoumaud, P., Sethia, G., Izzo, F., Sakellaropoulos, T., Snetkova, V., Vidal, S., Badri, S., Cornwell, M., Di Giammartino, D. C., Kim, K.-T., Apostolou, E., Stadtfeld, M., Landau, D. A., & Skok, J. (2019). EpiMethylTag: Simultaneous detection of ATAC-seq or ChIP-seq signals with DNA methylation. Genome Biology, 20(1), 248. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-019-1853-6 Nishana, M., Ha, C., Rodriguez-Hernaez, J., Ranjbaran, A., Chio, E., Nora, E. P., Badri, S. B., Kloetgen, A., Bruneau, B. G., Tsirigos, A., & Skok, J. A. (2020). Defining the relative and combined contribution of CTCF and CTCFL to genomic regulation. Genome Biology, 21(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-020-02024-0 Related Episodes Identification of Functional Elements in the Genome (Bing Ren) Spatial Organization of the Human Genome (Wendy Bickmore) Chromatin Organization (Susan Gasser) Contact Active Motif on Twitter Epigenetics Podcast on Twitter Active Motif on LinkedIn Active Motif on Facebook Email: podcast@activemotif.com
Learn from the experts about immune mediated neurological toxicities. Join our hosts Dr. Afreen Shariff and Dr. Tian Zhang as they discuss with guest expert and Neurologist Dr. Andrew Mammen. Andrew Mammen, M.D., Ph.D., joined NIAMS as Muscle Disease Unit Leader in the Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation in 2014. He obtained his medical degree and Ph.D. in neuroscience at Johns Hopkins in 2000, where he subsequently completed his medicine internship, neurology residency, and neuromuscular fellowship. Prior to his appointment at NIH, he was Associate Professor of Neurology and Medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He co-founded the Johns Hopkins Myositis Center in 2007, where he continues to see myositis patients as an adjunct faculty member. Dr. Mammen and his colleagues at Hopkins discovered a novel form of autoimmune myopathy associated with statin use and autoantibodies recognizing HMG-CoA reductase, the pharmacologic target of statins. In addition to clinical studies involving myositis patients, his current laboratory research interests include defining pathogenic mechanisms in the various forms of autoimmune myopathy and understanding the role of myositis autoantigens in muscle regeneration.
In this episode Amandine talks about how gene expression is controlled at many different levels in the cell. Gene expression is highly regulated in cells to make sure genes are only expressed when and where they're needed to keep everything running smoothly... and so that you don't grow a brain in your leg
On this ID the Future Eric Anderson and physician Howard Glicksman further discuss a recent Journal of Anatomy article suggesting possible evolutionary changes in humans: a persistent, prominent median artery in some people’s arms. Journalists have hyped this as evolution in action, but Anderson and Glicksman say there’s little reason to treat this as an evolutionary change, even if it’s real. And they say it’s far from clear how natural selection could select for this as an “adaptation” when its most obvious effect is to contribute to carpal tunnel syndrome and other health problems. Source
" reality is both wave and particle ; energy and matter " Dr. Joe Dispenza
On this ID the Future, Eric Anderson and physician Howard Glicksman discuss a recent article in the Journal of Anatomy suggesting new microevolutionary changes in humans. Researchers say a growing number of adults have a persistent, prominent median artery in their arms, an artery that’s important in the embryonic stage but tends to disappear later on. The study was quickly hyped in the popular press with breathless headlines such as “Evolution arms us with an extra artery.” On the way to separating hype from substance, Anderson and Glicksman dive into the physiology of arteries and embryological development. Their conversation grows out of a post on the subject by Anderson at Evolution News. Oh and by the way, don’t let the Read More › Source
In this episode, I discuss about how the genetic information in our DNA is being transferred to RNA and how this process is regulated.
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.11.293456v1?rss=1 Authors: Okinaga, Y., Kyogoku, D., Kondo, S., Nagano, A. J., Hirose, K. Abstract: Motivation: The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) and principal component regression (PCR) are popular methods of estimating traits from high-dimensional omics data, such as transcriptomes. The prediction accuracy of these estimation methods is highly dependent on the covariance structure, which is characterized by gene regulation networks. However, the manner in which the structure of a gene regulation network together with the sample size affects prediction accuracy has not yet been sufficiently investigated. In this study, Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to investigate the prediction accuracy for several network structures under various sample sizes. Results: When the gene regulation network was random graph, the simulation indicated that models with high estimation accuracy could be achieved with small sample sizes. However, a real gene regulation network is likely to exhibit a scale-free structure. In such cases, the simulation indicated that a relatively large number of observations is required to accurately predict traits from a transcriptome. Availability and implementation: Source code at https://github.com/keihirose/simrnet Contact: hirose@imi.kyushu-u.ac.jp Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.12.247643v1?rss=1 Authors: Shashkova, S., Nyström, T., Leake, M. C., Wollman, A. J. Abstract: Most cells adapt to their environment by switching combinations of genes on and off through a complex interplay of transcription factor proteins (TFs). The mechanisms by which TFs respond to signals, move into the nucleus and find specific binding sites in target genes is still largely unknown. Single-molecule fluorescence microscopes, which can image single TFs in live cells, have begun to elucidate the problem. Here, we show that different environmental signals, in this case carbon sources, yield a unique single-molecule fluorescence pattern of foci of a key metabolic regulating transcription factor, Mig1, in the nucleus of the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This pattern serves as a 'barcode' of the gene regulatory state of the cells which can be correlated with cell growth characteristics and other biological function. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
In this episode we'll cover: The four major reasons why methylation matters The mutant Mickey Mouse of methylation The big reasons why we need to be able to turn genes on and off and why we need to methylate to do that Why brains and babies are so methylation dependent The proof that we can actually impact this by optimizing our methylation cycle It's a big episode! If you want to see pictures of mutant Mickey Mouse, check the full text here. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/tohealthwiththat/message
Operons! Get your operons here! Episode 21 explains how the same DNA instructions can indicate Gene regulation begins with chromatin structure (1:40). DNA has areas of regulatory sequences which control transcription (2:30). Don’t get lost in the promotor, regulator, activator lingo - but focus on the effect of molecules interacting with the DNA strand (4:00). Regulation can also occur through alternative splicing of an mRNA transcript (4:30). Melanie concludes by recapping the learning objectives from the CED (5:05)The Question of the Day asks (6:48) “What is the effect of a nucleotide insertion or deletion?”Thank you for listening to The APsolute RecAP: Biology Edition!(AP is a registered trademark of the College Board and is not affiliated with The APsolute RecAP. Copyright 2020 - The APsolute RecAP, LLC. All rights reserved.)Website:www.theapsoluterecap.comEMAIL:TheAPsoluteRecAP@gmail.comFollow Us:INSTAGRAMTWITTER
Epigenetics is a mechanism for regulating gene expression, and Professor Upasna Sharma at the University of California, Santa Cruz defines epigenetic inheritance as the inheritance of phenotypic changes in the absence of changes in the underlying DNA. She explains her research by exploring the following: The three primary ways in which gene regulation can take place What function small non-coding RNA play in epigenetic gene regulation and intergenerational inheritance, and how their location in the cell is dependent upon their function within the cell In what ways RNA is more complex than DNA What impact stress, environmental toxins, and diet might play in sperm small RNA and transfer RNA Dr. Sharma is studying the role of small non-coding RNAs in epigenetic inheritance by examining RNA in sperm. How is the environment being signaled to these small RNAs? When do tRNA fragments become abundant in sperm? Through the research she and her team have already done, they've found that testicular sperm or germ cells do not have tRNA fragments, but as sperm enters the epididymis, it acquires a high abundance of tRNA fragments. Based on the data they've gathered, Dr. Sharma is confident in saying that tRNA fragments are created in the epididymis and then shipped to sperm. Why is this the case? Dr. Sharma explores possible answers to this question. She also discusses how the female reproductive tract secretes extracellular vesicles and how sperm might be further altered by the female reproductive tract. The overarching aim of her research is to determine how sperm small RNA are generated, how the environment can influence their levels, and what the functional consequence is of the abundant small RNA payload of sperm, as this might help elucidate how epigenetic information is intergenerationally transferred by small RNAs. Press play for the full conversation.
Professor at Yale University and the founding director of the Yale Stem Cell Center Haifan Lin talks about how the discoveries of small non-coding RNAs, including PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), have significantly expanded the RNA world. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 34682]
Professor at Yale University and the founding director of the Yale Stem Cell Center Haifan Lin talks about how the discoveries of small non-coding RNAs, including PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), have significantly expanded the RNA world. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 34682]
Kickin' in #thefirstgenlounge with Shawntel Okonkwo who is a PhD Candidate in Molecular Biology and Gene Regulation at UCLA. She is also the Founder and creative director of wokeSTEM, a creative and afro-futuristic organization that intersects social justice and STEM, while uniquely centering people of color. An empowering conversation about taking adversity head on, fearlessly pursuing goals, being WOKE, and creating your own opportunities. Join The First-Gen Lounge Family: www.thefirstgenlounge.com/family. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
In this episode of AudioHelicase, Whitehead Institute Member Mary Gehring discusses how her research on the plant Arabidopsis thaliana reveals how gene regulation can be passed from one generation to the next.
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Dr. Kristen Lynch is a Professor and Chair of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the University of Pennsylvania. When she’s not at work, Kristen loves being outdoors. She spends her free time kayaking, paddle boarding, biking, hiking, and doing yoga. Kristen’s research focuses on alternative splicing of genes. She is investigating how cells decide when to use an entire portion of the DNA instruction manual versus when to exclude parts of the instructions that are not useful or would be harmful. In particular, Kristen is interested in alternative splicing in the immune system and what happens when cells are faced with an immune challenge. She received her B.A. in biochemistry and her Ph.D. in biochemistry from Harvard University. Afterwards, Kristen pursued postdoctoral training at the University of California, San Francisco. She served on the faculty at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center prior to joining the faculty at the University of Pennsylvania in 2009. Kristen is the recipient of many awards and honors for her work, including a National Science Foundation CAREER Award. She joined us for an interview to talk about her experiences in life and science.
Fakultät für Biologie - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 06/06
Wed, 11 Nov 2015 12:00:00 +0100 https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19085/ https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19085/1/Jeltsch_Katharina.pdf Jeltsch, Katharina ddc:570, ddc:500,
Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 05/06
The 2-oxoglutarate and Fe (II)-dependent ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes can oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxycytosine (5caC). Thus, it was hypothesized that this could be a pathway for active DNA demethylation. However, several studies have shown that 5hmC levels accumulate especially in neurons suggesting a role as an epigenetic mark. Nevertheless, the mechanism controlling TET activity and the role of 5hmC are poorly understood. In particular, it is not known how the neuronal TET3 isoform lacking a DNA binding domain is targeted to the DNA. In this study, the role of 5hmC during retinal maturation by genome-wide mapping of 5hmC in immature (postnatal week 2) and mature mouse retina (postnatal week 3) was studied and correlated with expression data. Furthermore, interaction partners of neu-ronal TET3, the main isoform in retinal neurons, were identified. 5hmC accumulates during retinal maturation especially in retinal and neuronal genes. Furthermore, the accumulation of 5hmC is associated with increased transcription. Among the identified proteins the transcriptional repressor REST was identified as a highly enriched TET3-specific interactor. Interestingly, REST was able to enhance TET3 hydroxylase activity. Furthermore, increased 5hmC levels were detected in REST target genes during retinal maturation and overexpression of TET3 activated transcription of REST-target genes. Moreover, NSD3 and two other histone methyltransferases were found to interact with TET3 that are able to mediate H3K36 trimethylation. Finally, it was shown that TET3 is able to enhance NSD3-mediated H3K36 trimethylation to pro-mote transcriptional activation. In conclusion, the data suggests that 5hmC is a stable epigenetic base in retinal neurons that is involved in transcriptional activation. Furthermore, it was shown that 5hmC is generated by TET3 that is recruited to the DNA by transcriptional regulators such as REST in a context-specific manner.
CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (Video)
James Noonan, Assistant Professor of Genetics at Yale School of Medicine, focuses on identifying changes in gene regulation during early embryonic development that contributed to the evolution of uniquely human biological traits. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 21988]
CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (Audio)
James Noonan, Assistant Professor of Genetics at Yale School of Medicine, focuses on identifying changes in gene regulation during early embryonic development that contributed to the evolution of uniquely human biological traits. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 21988]
Alexandra Moreira, Gene Regulation, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC Porto, PORTUGAL speaks on "Alternative modes of gene expression". This seminar has been recorded by ICGEB Trieste
Fakultät für Biologie - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 05/06
The central goal of this dissertation is to understand the genetic and functional aspects of how populations adapt to new or changing environments. Genetic variation within a population, either at protein coding genes or at regulatory elements, provides the substrate upon which natural selection can act to drive adaptation. There is considerable evidence that changes in gene expression account for a large proportion of morphological, physiological and behavioral variation between and within species that can contribute to adaptation and speciation. Due to the major role that gene expression changes can have in shaping phenotypes, the first three chapters of this dissertation deal with the study of how changes in gene expression can facilitate adaptation. I use Drosophila melanogaster from ancestral and derived regions of the species' range as a model system for studying local adaptation. In chapter 1, I perform high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of brain tissue of flies from an ancestral (Zimbabwe) and a derived (the Netherlands) population. The whole brain transcriptome was assayed for differences in gene expression between African and European flies in order to understand how differences in brain expression may lead to local adaptation. I found over 300 candidate genes that differed significantly in expression between the populations, including a cluster of genes on chromosome arm 3R that showed reduced expression in Europe and genetic evidence for positive selection. Other candidate genes involved in stress response, olfaction and detoxification were also identified. Additionally, I compared brain gene expression between males and females and found an enrichment of sex-biased genes on the X chromosome. Chapter 2 presents a detailed study of one of the candidate genes identified in chapter 1. The metallothionein gene, MtnA, shows over four-fold higher expression in the brain of European flies than of African flies. I found a derived deletion in the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of MtnA that segregates at high frequency within the Dutch population, but is absent from the Zimbabwean population. The presence of the deletion was perfectly associated with the observed variation in MtnA expression. When additional populations of D. melanogaster were screened for the presence of the deletion, I found that it showed a clinal distribution that was significantly correlated with latitude and temperature. Furthermore, using population genetic data and a selective sweep analysis I show that the MtnA locus is evolving under positive selection. In Chapter 3 I report a population genetic analysis of the enhancer region of CG9505, a gene that shows significantly higher expression in European than in African populations of D. melanogaster. A previous study found that there was very low nucleotide polymorphism in the enhancer region of CG9509 in flies from the Netherlands, a pattern that is consistent with a selective sweep. I analyzed an additional set of five populations from Zambia, Egypt, Malaysia, France and Germany in order to gain a better understanding of how selection has affected the evolution of this enhancer. I found that there is a depletion of nucleotide diversity in all of the non-sub-Saharan populations (Egypt, Malaysia, France and Germany), which share a common high-frequency derived haplotype. Population genetic analyses suggest that a selective sweep took place in the enhancer region of CG9509 just after D. melanogaster migrated out of sub-Saharan Africa. Finally, in chapter 4 I performed in situ hybridizations to examine the expression of tissue-specific reporter genes in the D. melanogaster testis. In the male germline of D. melanogaster, reporter genes that reside on the X chromosome show a reduction in expression relative to those located on the autosomes. This phenomenon was demonstrated by randomly inserting reporter gene constructs on the X chromosome and the autosomes. By doing in situ hybridizations on testis of flies having reporter gene insertions on the X chromosome and autosomes, I could show that the expression difference mainly occurs in meiotic and post-meiotic cells. For most constructs, expression was very low or absent in the testis apex, which is enriched with pre-meiotic cells. These results suggest that the suppression of X-linked gene expression in the Drosophila male germline occurs through a different mechanism than the MSCI (meiotic sex chromosome inactivation) known to occur in mammals.
Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 04/06
DYNAMIC TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS MEASURES RATES OF MRNA SYNTHESIS AND DECAY IN YEAST To obtain rates of mRNA synthesis and decay in yeast, we established dynamic transcriptome analysis (DTA). DTA combines non-perturbing metabolic RNA labeling with dynamic kinetic modeling. DTA reveals that most mRNA synthesis rates are around several transcripts per cell and cell cycle, and most mRNA half-lives range around a median of 11 min. DTA can monitor the cellular response to osmotic stress with higher sensitivity and temporal resolution than standard transcriptomics. In contrast to monotonically increasing total mRNA levels, DTA reveals three phases of the stress response. During the initial shock phase, mRNA synthesis and decay rates decrease globally, resulting in mRNA storage. During the subsequent induction phase, both rates increase for a subset of genes, resulting in production and rapid removal of stress-responsive mRNAs. During the recovery phase, decay rates are largely restored, whereas synthesis rates remain altered, apparently enabling growth at high salt concentration. Stress-induced changes in mRNA synthesis rates are predicted from gene occupancy with RNA polymerase II. Thus, DTA realistically monitors the dynamics in mRNA metabolism that underlie gene regulatory systems.
Biomedicine in the New Century: The Yale School of Medicine’s Bicentennial Symposium - Video
One of a series of lectures from The Yale School of Medicine Bicentennial Symposium, “Biomedicine in the New Century,” which took place over April 28–29, 2011.
CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (Audio)
Human-Specific Signaling Networks (Genevieve Konopka); Uniquely Human Gene Regulation (James Noonan); Human-Specific Changes in Siglec Genes (Ajit Varki) Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 21958]
CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (Video)
Human-Specific Signaling Networks (Genevieve Konopka); Uniquely Human Gene Regulation (James Noonan); Human-Specific Changes in Siglec Genes (Ajit Varki) Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 21958]
CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (Audio)
Uniquely Human Gene Regulation (James Noonan); A Comparative Study of Immune Response in Primates (Yoav Gilad); Human-Specific Changes in Siglec Genes (Ajit Varki) Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 21957]
CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (Video)
Uniquely Human Gene Regulation (James Noonan); A Comparative Study of Immune Response in Primates (Yoav Gilad); Human-Specific Changes in Siglec Genes (Ajit Varki) Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 21957]
Biomedicine in the New Century: The Yale School of Medicine’s Bicentennial Symposium - Audio
One of a series of lectures from The Yale School of Medicine Bicentennial Symposium, "Biomedicine in the New Century," which took place over April 28-29, 2011.
This course covers the fundamental principles of biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, and cell biology. Biological function at the molecular level is particularly emphasized and covers the structure and regulation of genes, as well as, the structure and synthesis of proteins, how these molecules are integrated into cells, and how these cells are integrated into multicellular systems and organisms. In addition, each version of the subject has its own distinctive material. The focus of the course is on the exploration of current research in cell biology, immunology, neurobiology, genomics, and molecular medicine.
In this episode, freelance reporter Beth Baldwin talks about some of the goings-on at the recent annual meeting of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution, entitled "Genomes, Evolution, and Bioinformatics." And Kate Wong, Scientific American's paleontology and anthropology expert, talks about recent findings in human evolution as well as a new, unusual dinosaur discovery. Plus, we'll test your knowledge about some recent science in the news. Organizations and websites mentioned on this podcast include the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution, http://www.smbe.org; the conference page, http://www.smbe.org/geb; the Paleoanthropology Society, http://www.paleoanthro.org; the Scientific American blog, blog.sciam.com; the Scientific American Digital Archive, www.sciamdigital.com.
Más información de este acto
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.22.055715v1?rss=1 Authors: Minogianis, E.-A., Samaha, A. Abstract: A goal in addiction research is to distinguish forms of neuroplasticity that are involved in the transition to addiction from those involved in mere drug taking. Animal models of drug self-administration are essential in this context. Here, we compared in male rats two cocaine self-administration procedures that differ in the extent to which they evoke addiction-like behaviours. We measured both incentive motivation for cocaine using progressive ratio procedures, and cocaine-induced c-fos mRNA expression, a marker of neuronal activity. Rats self-administered intravenous cocaine (0.25 mg/kg/infusion) for seven daily 6-hour sessions. One group had intermittent access (IntA; 6 minutes ON, 26 minutes OFF x 12) to rapid infusions (delivered over 5 seconds). This models the temporal kinetics of human cocaine use and produces robust addiction-like behaviour. The other group had Long access (LgA) to slower infusions (90 seconds). This produces high levels of intake without promoting robust addiction-like behaviour. LgA-90s rats took twice as much cocaine as IntA-5s rats did, but IntA-5s rats showed greater incentive motivation for the drug. Following a final self-administration session, we quantified c-fos mRNA expression in corticostriatal regions. Compared to LgA-90s rats, IntA-5s rats had more cocaine-induced c-fos mRNA in the orbitofrontal and prelimbic cortices and the caudate-putamen. Thus, a cocaine self-administration procedure (intermittent intake of rapid infusions) that promotes increased incentive motivation for the drug also enhances cocaine-induced gene regulation in corticostriatal regions. This suggests that increased drug-induced recruitment of these regions could contribute to the neural and behavioural plasticity underlying the transition to addiction. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
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