Podcasts about anatomically

Summary: Are tuatara eyes like every other reptile's eyes? Maybe. Join Kiersten to find out what makes tuatara eye so special.   For my hearing impaired followers, a complete transcript of this podcast follows the show notes on Podbean   Show Notes: “The lonely eye,” by I R Schwab and G R O'Connor. Br J Ophthalmic. 2025 Mar:89(3):256. Doi:10.1136/bio.2004.059105 “Reptilian Eyes and Orbital Structures,” Jeanette Wyneken. 2012 Proceedings Association of Reptiles and Amphibian Veterinarians. https://cdn.ymaws.com Parietal Eye, https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/veterinary-science-and-veterinary-medicine/parietal-eye Music written and performed by Katherine Camp   Transcript (Piano music plays) Kiersten - This is Ten Things I Like About…a ten minute, ten episode podcast about unknown or misunderstood wildlife. (Piano music stops)   Kiersten - Welcome to Ten Things I Like About… This is a podcast about misunderstood or unknown creatures in nature. Some we'll find right out side our doors and some are continents away but all are fascinating.  This podcast will focus ten, ten minute episodes on different animals and their amazing characteristics. Please join me on this extraordinary journey, you won't regret it. As I begin episode four, I want to remind you of the question I posed at the beginning of the third episode. Is the tuatara a lizard or not a lizard? It is definitely lizard like. This episode, episode four, we will be talking about an attribute that might shed some light on the answer to this question. The fourth thing I like about the tuatara is their eyes, all three of them. To start, let's look at the anatomy of the general reptile eye. Reptilian eyes are similar to other vertebrate eyes in the fact that they are layered, filled with fluid, and have a lens that focuses light on a retina. The structure of the eye includes three chambers. The anterior chamber is the fluid-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea's innermost surface. The posterior chamber is a small space directly behind the iris, close to the lens, and bordered by the ciliary muscles. The anterior and posterior chambers are filled with aqueous humour. The third chamber is the vitreous chamber located between the lens and the retina and filled with vitreous humour.  Tuatara have two lateral eyes, one on each side of the head, that rest in a bony orbit. They are separated by a cartilaginous interorbital septum. A periorbital membrane lines the orbital bones and septum that connects to the orbital membranes and the internal parts of the upper and lower eye lids. Whoa! We got a little scientific for a moment there, but anatomy can do that! These two lateral eyes are placed on the opposites sides of the head so they can have a wide perspective of their environment. Typically we see this eye position in prey animals and not all lizards are prey animals, but many of them are. Tuatara, as full grown adults, don't have to worry too much about being eaten, but this eye placement is very helpful, none the less.    Most diurnal reptiles can see some amount of color, whether they see color the same way other vertebrates see color is still being studied, but the presence of cones is proof that they can see colors. Cones are useful in bright light, so reptiles active during the day will have more cones that those that are crepuscular, active at dawn and dusk, and those that are nocturnal. More rods are present in the eyes of nocturnal animals and these help pick up light and dark shades. Tuatara are active during the day and night, but are most active after dark; therefore, they most likely have more rods than cones.  They do have both upper and lower eyelids and are capable of closing their lids. They do not appear to have a nictitating membrane, which is another protective lens that can open and close over they eye, that some other reptiles have. They also have pupils that can contract and expand to allow various levels of light into the eye. When looking at close up photos of the tuatara's eye the pupil is circular or oval along the vertical horizon. Interestingly, pupil shape in reptile eyes varies with behavior of the animal. Diurnal reptiles tend to have to have round pupils while nocturnal hunters have slits. Reptiles with slit pupils will have a pupil that is perpendicular to their orientation because that offers the best focus. The shape of the pupil has a profound influence on the retinal image because of the way light is allowed into the eye. Who knew the anatomy of the reptilian eye could be so fascinating. Okay, let's get to that third eye I mentioned. There are actually two orders of reptiles that have a third eye, Order Squamata, which includes lizards and snakes, and Order Rhynchocephlia, which includes only the Tuatara. Lizards and the tuatara are the only reptiles that we know of that have third eyes. The third eye is also called the parietal eye and is found on the dorsal portion of the skull. It is smack dab in the middle of the top of the skull, because where else would a third eye be found? Anatomically speaking the parietal eye cannot focus on images like lateral eyes, so the third eye is not used for vision. At least not the parietal eyes on the current living tuatara. But this eye is more similar to lateral eyes than you might expect. The parietal eye is ventral to a parietal plug that is very similar to a cornea. Immediately below the plug is a lens that is remarkably similar to the lens in the lateral eyes. Below the lens are layers of pigment and photoreceptors. Photoreceptors detect light. Now we see where we are going with this whole third eye anatomy, maybe.  For a long time we thought that the parietal eye was used to detect light. It helped the animal tell when it was day and when it was night, and probably helped set animal's the circadian rhythm. It helps the tuatara determine the changing of the seasons based on differences in the light cycle. But is that all there is to it? Some researchers believe that the third eye might be included in melatonin synthesis was well as other hormones. What it truly does is still a mystery. So….does this help answer our question about whether the tuatara is a lizard or not? Some lizards do have third eyes, just like the tuatara so leaning towards yes? Before you comment though, let me through out one more thing about the tuatara's third eye. When they are newly hatched the third eye is  exposed and looks just like their lateral eyes. I'm not joking, search for tuatara hatchling third eye and you'll see what I'm talking about. It's very cool! As the tuatara ages the third eye is covered over with a clear scale obscuring it from view.  I hope you have enjoyed this discussion about tuatara eyes because it's my fourth favorite thing about these interesting reptiles. If you're enjoying this podcast please recommend me to friends and family and take a moment to give me a rating on whatever platform your listening. It will help me reach more listeners and give the animals I talk about an even better chance at change.  Join me next week for another exciting episode about the tuatara.        (Piano Music plays)  This has been an episode of Ten Things I like About with Kiersten and Company. Original music written and performed by Katherine Camp, piano extraordinaire.

Governor DeSantis talks property tax and much more. Anatomically correct song which clarifies the difference between men and women. The push to eat bugs is still a thing. Michael Letts of INVESTUSA.org on the current stress for law enforcement officers as well as Iran threatening President Trump's life.

The gang chats about sports betting, deviant coaches, athlete names, and Will recaps the last episode.Listen to the Jortscenter playlist: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2ioAsKKw7AhdJ0cCrasqfH?si=6c2cef121c3a4a9aJoin our Peloton!   https://www.patreon.com/JortsCenterFacebook group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/342135897580300Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/jortscenterFollow us on Twitter:@JortsCenterPod Will is @wapplehouse Josh is @otherjrobbins Ryan is @ryhanbeard Vic is @DokktorvikktorZack is @ZackVanNus

The Plan-B Show with Brock & Kiki - October 13th 2025See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode of From Pain to Possibility, I dive into one of yoga's most debated cues: is squaring the pelvis in Warrior 1 anatomically impossible? I share why I don't see it that way, and how the real focus should be on intent, coordination, and clarity of movement. When we shift the lens away from “possible vs. impossible,” we uncover how this pose can actually reduce pain, build stability, and retrain motor control. I also talk about why the glutes aren't usually “weak,” but simply bypassed, and how refining coordination can make strength and stability a natural outcome rather than something you force.

Unforeseen circumstances, and definitely not Podcast Apathy, resulted in just deKay and Kendrick bringing you this episode, but don't worry! As a bonus to make up for the cast shortfall, Episode 95 is slightly shorter, so you've less to endure! Rejoice. This time around, your heroes discuss the general meh-ness of recent gaming news, the Switch 2 having no games, a new Lego Batman (and Batman in general), and Ys X Proud Nordics. With, naturally, many deviations and diversions.

In this encore episode, we detail the oral-gut microbiota axis, detailing the oral microbiome and its relationship with the intestinal microbiome. We discuss the development of oral biofilm, the transition from plaque to dental calculus, and potential impacts of oral dysbiosis, while highlighting intestinal health and focusing on Fusobacterium nucleatum. Topics:1. Overview of the Oral Microbiome and the Oral-Gut Axis - The oral cavity and the gut: microbially dense sites. - Anatomically distinct but connected and capable of influencing each other. - The oral microbiome. - Microbial distribution: topography and chemistry of oral surfaces. 2. Oral Cavity Anatomy and Microenvironments - The vestibule and oral cavity proper. - Lined by oral mucosa, which varies in structure. - Unique ecological niches that support different microbial populations. 3. Tooth Structure and Relevance to Microbial Colonization - Teeth are embedded in the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible. - Tooth structure. - Long-term microbial colonization and biofilm development. 4. Biofilm / Dental Plaque Development - Biofilm begins with the formation of the acquired pellicle.- Pioneer species secreting extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).- Secondary colonizers coaggregate.- Coaggregation is species-specific.- Example.- Aerobes can lower local oxygen levels, creating micro anaerobic niches that support obligate anaerobes. 5. Maturation of the Biofilm  - Biofilm composition shifting to anaerobic, proteolytic species such as P. gingivalis. - F. nucleatum: a bridge species. 6. Mineralization and Formation of Dental Calculus - Mineralization, calcium and phosphate deposition. - Dental calculus. 7. Oral Dysbiosis  - An imbalance in the oral microbial community. - Potential signs and symptoms. - Halitosis, swollen or bleeding gums, tooth sensitivity. 8. Oral-Gut Axis and Systemic Implications - Physical, chemical, biochemical, and immunological barriers aid in preventing oral bacteria from colonizing the gut. - Oral bacteria can potentially impact intestinal health. -  F. nucleatum and IBD. 9. Oral Microbiome Testing10. Multi-Factorial Thank you to our episode sponsors: 1. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠OmneDiem®'s⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Histamine Digest®⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Histamine Digest® PureMAX⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ : Use code STXAL9VI for 15% off.2. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Histamine Digest® Histamine Complete⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ with DAO, Vitamin C, Quercetin, Bromelain, and Stinging Nettle Root Extract: Use code STXAL9VI for 15% off.3. ⁠Codex Labs⁠: Explore Codex Labs' collections for ⁠acne⁠, ⁠eczema⁠, and more. Shop the ⁠BIA Collection HereGet Chloe's Book Today! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠" Follow Chloe on Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠synthesisofwellness.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Multiple system atrophy is a rare, sporadic, adult-onset, progressive, and fatal neurodegenerative disease. Accurate and early diagnosis remains challenging because it presents with a variable combination of symptoms across the autonomic, extrapyramidal, cerebellar, and pyramidal systems. Advances in brain imaging, molecular biomarker research, and efforts to develop disease-modifying agents have shown promise to improve diagnosis and treatment. In this episode, Casey Albin, MD speaks with Tao Xie, MD, PhD, author of the article “Multiple System Atrophy” in the Continuum® August 2025 Movement Disorders issue. Dr. Albin is a Continuum® Audio interviewer, associate editor of media engagement, and an assistant professor of neurology and neurosurgery at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Xie is director of the Movement Disorder Program, chief of the Neurodegenerative Disease Section in the department of neurology at the University of Chicago Medicine in Chicago, Illinois. Additional Resources Read the article: Multiple System Atrophy Subscribe to Continuum®: shop.lww.com/Continuum Earn CME (available only to AAN members): continpub.com/AudioCME Continuum® Aloud (verbatim audio-book style recordings of articles available only to Continuum® subscribers): continpub.com/Aloud More about the American Academy of Neurology: aan.com Social Media facebook.com/continuumcme @ContinuumAAN Host: @caseyalbin Full episode transcript available here Dr. Jones: This is Dr Lyell Jones, Editor-in-Chief of Continuum. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio. Be sure to visit the links in the episode notes for information about earning CME, subscribing to the journal, and exclusive access to interviews not featured on the podcast. Dr Albin: Hello everyone, this is Dr Casey Albin. Today I'm interviewing Dr Tao Xie about his article on diagnosis and management of multiple system atrophy, which appears in the August 2025 Continuum issue on movement disorders. Welcome to the podcast, and please introduce yourself to our audience. Dr Xie: Thank you so much, Dr Albin. My name is Tao Xie, and sometimes people also call me Tao Z. I'm a mood disorder neurologist, professor of neurology at the University of Chicago. I'm also in charge of the mood disorder program here, and I'm the section chief in the neurodegenerative disease in the Department of Neurology at the University of Chicago Medicine. Thank you for having me, Dr Albin and Dr Okun and the American Academy of Neurology. This is a great honor and pleasure to be involved in this education session. Dr Albin: We are delighted to have you, and thank you so much for the thoughtful approach to the diagnosis and management. I really want to encourage our listeners to check out this article. You know, one of the things that you emphasize is multiple system atrophy is a fairly rare condition. And I suspect that clinicians and trainees who even have a fair amount of exposure to movement disorders may not have encountered that many cases. And so, I was hoping that you could just start us off and walk us through what defines multiple system atrophy, and then maybe a little bit about how it's different from some of the more commonly encountered movement disorders. Dr Xie: This is a really good question, Dr Albin. Indeed, MSA---multisystem atrophy----is a rare disease. It is sporadic, adult-onset, progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease. By the name MSA, multisystem atrophy. Clinically, it will present with multiple symptoms and signs involving multiple systems, including symptoms of autonomic dysfunction and symptoms of parkinsonism, which is polyresponsive to the levodopa treatment; and the symptom of cerebellar ataxia, and symptom of spasticity and other motor and nonmotor symptoms. And you may be wondering, what is the cause- underlying cause of these symptoms? Anatomically, we can find the area in the basal ganglia striatonigral system, particularly in the putamen and also in the cerebellar pontine inferior, all of the nuclear area and the specific area involved in the autonomic system in the brain stem and spinal cord: all become smaller. We call it atrophy. Because of the atrophy in this area, they are responsible for the symptom of parkinsonism if it is involved in the putamen and the cerebral ataxia, if it's involved in the pons and cerebral peduncle and the cerebellum. And all other area, if it's involved in the autonomic system can cause autonomic symptoms as well. So that's why we call it multisystem atrophy. And then what's the underlying cellular and subcellular pathological, a hallmark that is in fact caused by misfolded alpha-synuclein aggregate in the oligodontia site known as GCI---glial cytoplasmic increasing bodies---in the cells, and sometimes it can also be found in the neuronal cell as well in those areas, as mentioned, which causes the symptom. But clinically, the patient may not present all the symptoms at the same time. So, based on the predominant clinical symptom, if it's mainly levodopa, polyresponsive parkinsonism, then we call it MSAP. If it's mainly cerebellar ataxia, then we call it MSAC. But whether we call it MSP or MSC, they all got to have autonomic dysfunction. And also as the disease progresses, they can also present both phenotypes together. We call that mixed cerebellar ataxia and parkinsonism in the advanced stage of the disease. So, it is really a complicated disease. The complexity and the similarity to other mood disorders, including parkinsonism and the cerebellar ataxia, make it really difficult sometimes, particularly at the early stages of disease, to differentiate one from the other. So, that was challenging not only for other professionals, general neurologists and even for some movement disorder specialists, that could be difficult particularly if you aim to make an accurate and early diagnosis. Dr Albin: Absolutely. That is such a wealth of knowledge here. And I'm going to distill it just a little bit just to make sure that I understand this right. There is alpha-synuclein depositions, and it's really more widespread than one would see maybe in just Parkinson's disease. And with this, you are having patients present with maybe one of two subtypes of their clinical manifestations, either with a Parkinson's-predominant movement disorder pattern or a cerebellar ataxia type movement disorder pattern. Or maybe even mixed, which really, you know, we have to make things quite complicated, but they are all unified and having this shared importance of autonomic features to the diagnosis. Have I got that all sort of correct? Dr Xie: Correct. You really summarize well. Dr Albin: Fantastic. I mean, this is quite a complicated disease. I would pose to you sort of a case, and I imagine this is quite common to what you see in your clinic. And let's say, you know, a seventy-year-old woman comes to your clinic because she has had rigidity and poor balance. And she's had several falls already, almost always from ground level. And her family tells you she's quite woozy whenever she gets up from the chair and she tends to kind of fall over. But they noticed that she's been stiff,and they've actually brought her to their primary care doctor and he thought that she had Parkinson's disease. So, she started levodopa, but they're coming to you because they think that she probably needs a higher dose. It's just not working out very well for her. So how would you sort of take that history and sort of comb through some of the features that might make you more concerned that the patient actually has undiagnosed multiple systems atrophy? Dr Xie: This is a great case, because we oftentimes can encounter similar cases like this in the clinic. First of all, based on the history you described, it sounds like an atypical parkinsonism based on the slowness, rigidity, stiffness; and particularly the early onset of falls, which is very unusual for typical Parkinson disease. It occurs too early. If its loss of balance, postural instability, and fall occurred within three years of disease onset---usually the motor symptom onset---then it raises a red flag to suspect this must be some atypical Parkinson disorders, including multiple system atrophy. Particularly, pou also mentioned that the patient is poorly responsive to their levodopa therapy, which is very unusual because for Parkinson disease, idiopathic Parkinson disease, we typically expect patients would have a great response to the levodopa, particularly in the first 5 to 7 years. So to put it all together, this could be atypical parkinsonism, and I could not rule out the possibility of MSA. Then I need to check more about other symptoms including autonomic dysfunction, such as orthostatic hypertension, which is a blood pressure drop when the patient stands up from a lying-down position, or other autonomic dysfunctions such as urinary incontinence or severe urinary retention. So, in the meantime, I also have to put the other atypical Parkinson disorder on the differential diagnosis, such as PSP---progressive supranuclear palsy---and the DLBD---dementia with Lewy body disease.---Bear this in mind. So, I want to get more history and more thorough bedside assessment to rule in or rule out my diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Dr Albin: That's super helpful. So, looking for early falls, the prominence of autonomic dysfunction, and then that poor levodopa responsiveness while continuing to sort of keep a very broad differential diagnosis? Dr Xie: Correct. Dr Albin: One of the things that I just have to ask, because I so taken by this, is that you say in the article that some of these patients actually have preservation of smell. In medical school, we always learn that our Parkinson's disease patients kind of had that early loss of smell. Do you find that to be clinically relevant? Is that- does that anecdotally help? Dr Xie: This is a very interesting point because we know that the loss of smelling function is a risk effect, a prodromal effect, for the future development of Parkinson disease. But it is not the case for MSA. Strange enough, based on the literature and the studies, it is not common for the patient with MSA to present with anosmia. Some of the patients may have mild to moderate hyposmia, but not to the degree of anosmia. So, this is why even in the more recent diagnosis criteria, the MDS criteria published 2022, it even put the presence of anosmia in the exclusion criteria. So, highlight the importance of the smell function, which is well-preserved for the majority in MSA, into that category. So, this is a really interesting point and very important for us, particularly clinicians, to know the difference in the hyposmia, anosmia between the- we call it the PD, and the dementia Lewy bodies versus MSA. Dr Albin: Fascinating. And just such a cool little tidbit to take with us. So, the family, you know, you're talking to them and they say, oh yes, she has had several fainting episodes and we keep taking her to the primary care doctor because she's had urinary incontinence, and they thought maybe she had urinary tract infections. We've been dealing with that. And you're sort of thinking, hm, this is all kind of coming together, but I imagine it is still quite difficult to make this diagnosis based on history and physical alone. Walk our listeners through sort of how you're using MRI and DAT scan and maybe even some other biomarkers to help sort of solidify that diagnosis. Dr Xie: Yeah, that's a wonderful question. Yeah. First of all, UTI is very common for patients with MSA because of urinary retention, which puts them into a high risk of developing frequent UTI. That, for some patients, could be the very initial presentation of symptoms. In this case, if we check, we say UTI is not present or UTI is present but we treat it, then we check the blood pressure and we do find also hypertension---according to new diagnosis criteria, starting drop is 20mm mercury, but that's- the blood pressure drop is ten within three minutes. And also, in the meantime the patients present persistent urinary incontinence even after UTI was treated. And then the suspicion for MS is really high right at this point. But if you want increased certainty and a comfortable level on your diagnosis, then we also need to look at the brain MRI mark. This is a required according to the most recent MDS diagnosis criteria. The presence of the MRI marker typical for MSA is needed for the diagnosis of clinically established MSA, which holds the highest specificity in the clinical diagnosis. So then, we have- we're back to your question. We do need to look at the brain MRI to see whether evidence suggestive of atrophy around the putamen area, around the cerebellar pontine inferior olive area, is present or not. Dr Albin: Absolutely. That's super helpful. And I think clinicians will really take that to sort of helping to build a case and maybe recognizing some of this atypical Parkinson's disease as a different disease entity. Are there any other biomarkers in the pipeline that you're excited about that may give us even more clarity on this diagnosis? Dr Xie: Oh, yeah. This is a very exciting area. In terms of biomarker for the brain imaging, particularly brain MRI, in fact, today there's a landmark paper just published in the Java Neurology using AI, artificial intelligence or machine learning aid, diagnoses a patient with parkinsonism including Parkinson's disease, MSA, and PSP, with very high diagnostic accuracy ranging from 96% to 98%. And some of the cases even were standard for autopsy, with pathological verification at a very high accurate rate of 93.9%. This is quite amazing and can really open new diagnosis tools for us to diagnose this difficult disease; not only in an area with a bunch of mood disorder experts, but also in the rural area, in the area really in need of mood disorder experts. They can provide tremendous help to provide accurate, early diagnosis. Dr Albin: That's fantastic and I love that, increasing the access to this accurate diagnosis. What can't artificial intelligence do for us? That's just incredible. Dr Xie: And also, you know, this is just one example of how the brain biomarker can help us. Theres other---a fluid biomarker, molecular diagnostic tools, is also available. Just to give you an example, one thing we know over the past couple years is skin biopsy. Through the immunofluorescent reaction, we can detect whether the hallmark of abnormally folded, misfolded, and the phosphorate, the alpha-synuclein aggregate can be found just by this little pinch of skin biopsy. Even more advanced, there's another diagnosis tool we call the SAA, we call the seizure amplification assay, that can even help us to differentiate MSA from other alpha-synucleinopathy, including Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. If we get a little sample from CSF, spinal cerebral fluids, even though this is probably still at the early stage, a lot of developments still ongoing, but this, this really shows you how exciting this area is now. We're really in a fast forward-moving path now. Dr Albin: It's really incredible. So, lots coming down the track in, sort of, MRI, but also with CSF diagnosis and skin biopsies. Really hoping that we can hone in some of those tools as they become more and more validated to make this diagnosis. Is that right? Dr Xie: Correct. Dr Albin: Amazing. We can talk all day about how you manage these in the clinic, and I really am going to direct our listeners to go and read your fantastic article, because you do such an elegant job talking about how this takes place in a multidisciplinary setting, if at all possible. But as a neurointensivist, I was telling you, we have so much trouble in the hospital. We have A-lines, and we have the ability to get rapid KUBs to look at Ilias, and we can have many people as lots of diagnosis, and we still have a lot of trouble treating autonomiclike symptoms. Really, really difficult. And so, I just wanted to kind of pick your brain, and I'll start with just the one of orthostatic hypotension. What are some of the tips that you have for, you know, clinicians that are dealing with this? Because I imagine that this is quite difficult to do without patients. Dr Xie: Exactly. This is indeed a very difficult symptom to deal with, particularly at an outpatient setting. But nowadays with the availability of more medication---to give an example, to treat patients with orthostatic hypertension, we have not only midodrine for the cortisol, we also have droxidopa and several others as well. And so, we have more tools at hand to treat the patient with orthostatic hypertension. But I think the key thing here, particularly for us to the patient at the outpatient setting: we need to educate the patient's family well about the natural history of the disease course. And we also need to tell them what's the indication and the potential side effect profile of any medication we prescribe to them so that they can understand what to expect and what to watch for. And in the meantime, we also need to keep really effective and timely communication channels, make sure that the treating physician and our team can be reached at any time when the patient and family need us so that we can be closely monitoring, their response, and also monitoring potential side effects as well to keep up the quality of care in that way. Dr Albin: Yeah, I imagine that that open communication plays a huge role in just making sure that patients are adapting to their symptoms, understanding that they can reach out if they have refractory symptoms, and that- I imagine this takes a lot of fine tuning over time. Dr Xie: Correct. Dr Albin: Well, this has just been such a delight to get to talk to you. I really feel like we could dive even deeper, but I know for the sake of time we have to kind of close out. Are there any final points that you wanted to share with our listeners before we end the interview? Dr Xie: I think for the patients, I want them to know that nowadays with advances in science and technology, particularly given a sample of rapid development in the diagnostic tools and the multidisciplinary and multisystemic approach to treatment, nowadays we can make an early and accurate diagnosis of the MSA, and also, we can provide better treatment. Even though so far it is still symptomatically, mainly, but in the near future we hope we can also discover disease-modifying treatment which can slow down, even pause or prevent the disease from happening. And for the treating physician and care team professionals, I just want them to know that you can make a difference and greatly help the patient and the family through your dedicated care and also through your active learning and innovative research. You can make a difference. Dr Albin: That's amazing and lots of hope for these patients. Right now, you can provide really great care to take care of them, make an early and accurate diagnosis; but on the horizon, there are really several things that are going to move the field forward, which is just so exciting. Again today, I've been really greatly honored and privileged to be able to talk to Dr Tao Xie about his article on diagnosis and management of multiple system atrophy, which appears in the August 2025 Continuum issue on movement disorders. Be sure to check out Continuum Audio episodes for this and other issues. And thank you again to our listeners for joining us today. Dr Xie: Thank you so much for having me. Dr Monteith: This is Dr Teshamae Monteith, Associate Editor of Continuum Audio. If you've enjoyed this episode, you'll love the journal, which is full of in-depth and clinically relevant information important for neurology practitioners. Use the link in the episode notes to learn more and subscribe. AAN members, you can get CME for listening to this interview by completing the evaluation at continpub.com/audioCME. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio.

Warrior woman—welcome back. This is part two of our hypertrophy deep dive (if you missed the bangin' butt episode, go back and listen to that first). Today, we're moving down the chain—into your quads, hammies, and calves—so you can build legs that look like they train. This isn't just about lunges and leg presses. This is about movement quality, muscular tension, execution, and beauty. It's about finally understanding what it means to train legs properly, so you can build shape, strength, and confidence that people notice. And it's not about smashing yourself with circuits or chasing the burn—it's about training beautifully. If you've been training your legs but still aren't seeing definition—no shape, no pop—this one's for you. Because you're probably doing it like everyone else. And that's the problem. We go deep. Anatomically, strategically, methodically. You'll walk away knowing exactly how to grow muscle in your quads, hamstrings, and calves—and how to do it the Warrior way. KEY TAKEAWAYS: Hypertrophy = Length Under Load + Control Building muscle in your lower body requires deep range, slow tempo, and quality movement—not rushing through circuits. Train Legs With Structure, Not Chaos Random exercises and circuit-style training won't build the legs you want. You need structure, mobility, stability, and progression. The Three-Part Framework for Beautiful Movement: 1. Mobility – Can you access the right positions? 2. Stability – Can you control your body through them? 3. Strength – Can you load them with precision and power? Quads love deep squats, split squats, and leg presses—trained with tempo and control. Hamstrings thrive with hinge patterns like RDLs and leg curls—done slowly and intentionally. Calves matter—for aesthetics, balance, and performance. Stop skipping them. Combining multi-joint and single-joint exercises (e.g., squats and leg extensions) delivers the best growth results. If it's rushed, unstable, or ugly—it's not effective. POWERFUL QUOTES FROM THE EPISODE: “If the movement feels beautiful, it's because you're moving well. That's what builds a body you love.” “We're not chasing the burn—we're chasing execution.” “Women who have legs that turn heads? They move well. They own their training.” “Time under tension equals hypertrophy. Quality equals results.” “This isn't about smashing your legs until you can't walk—it's about moving in a way that works.”

(00:00-14:09) Big Chill Banger Friday. Best movie soundtracks. Getting an email from Tim really lifts one's spirits. Spinnin' vinyl. Shout out to humans. Best inventions. Potty Pedal. Are you pro or anti bidet?(14:17-00:00) RIP Lee Elia. Audio of his epic expletive ridden rant against Cubs fans. All-time sports rants. TALK TO THE TRAINER! What have we learned from this Cardinals Runway Season? MJ's mansion now can be rented as an AirBnB. (00:00-00:00) Did the Cardinals stop shooting fireworks after wins and homeruns? Doug thinks Fedde is gonna bounce back tomorrow against the Braves. Audio of Beau Pribula talking about his experience so far in Columbia and Mizzou's phenomenal facilities. I guess Penn State didn't have elevators. Expectations for Mizzou this season. Checking on the Mike Tomlin poll. See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

The G-Man reads a question on a survey given to 11-year-olds that should turn your stomach and raise your temperature. Also, the pope; what defines "fame" and much more.

In this episode I'm going to re-introduce myself and my story incase you are just tuning in now and talk about why having a balanced root chakra is so important to our early imprints around safety, belonging and stabiltiy.   My story: Mom as 3 months pregnant with me and started to hemmorage...her uterus was tipped. We're pretty certain she miscarried my twin sister at that point, although that information came out many many years later!   She had to lay in bed for therest of her pregnancy and stand on herheadevery hour on the hour to tip it back in place, so htat she wouldn't miscarry me.   So me, the baby, felt trapped. My spirit didn;t think it was a great idea to stay, and knowing what I know now about losing a twin, I was also grieving, which later explained a lifetime of deep sadness and loss that "technicnally" didn't really make sense.   When I finally decided to come out, a nurse panciked and tried to hold me in not permitting me to be born!  So I swallowed a lot of gunk and was very ill the first six months of my life not being able to digest anything.  It also created chronic neck problems.   The worst part was that I was not put onto my mother, but instead whisked away all ten pounds of me, jaundiced and put in an incubator for three days.  So me, the baby, felt after being trapped, then I wasn't allowed out, and then I wasn't wanted because I wasn't held and separate from my mother. And she also chose not to breastfeed me, so again lost out on that essential bonding.   This unfolding of events manifested in my central nervous system being affected, the doctors were concerned to see how that would play out. I'm fine, and only my mother would notice the ever so slight tremor I get when I'm overdoing things. It also manifested with me not trusting authority, disliking small enclosed spaces, and always wanting to be first, never feeling I could ever get enough holding. Digestive issues, until they discovered goats milk, and always extreme sensitivity to cold.   And boy did I ever walk on eggshells around my mother.     I didn't find out about the being held in and being in an incubator part until I was 37.  I went to my first Transactional Analysis class and we had to write down what our mothers were feeling when they were pregnant with us.  I wrote down something like, "Trapped, frustrated and totally alone." I had other reasons for thinking those things but Mom happened to be visiting me in England at that point and I asked her what she felt and she said the exact thing I had written on my paper.  She explained her feelings at the time.  And then she told me the rest of my birth story and I cried in her arms until I had salt trails on my face.  It explained so much about our relationship.   It's essential to ask yourslf and your mother how your birth went?  How did your entry into this world shape your sense of security?  Do you feel supported by life, or are you always on guard?   I have a pdf of birth questions to ask your mother, father, grandparents, spirit!  You can have access to this on my website: shannonbtb.com or shannonoflaherty.com   After the break I'll talk about the root chakra which is all about our Foundations of Safety.   ***   Chakras are energy vortexes shaped like spinning funnels of bioenergetic activity in 7 key areas of our bodies. We also have many secondary or mini- chakras too. The term chakra originates in India but many different cultures work with this fascinating field where physical, emotional, mental and spiritual energies all come together.  Chakras don't just interact with each other, they also have the potential to connect us to the energetic interaction of our world and universe, connecting spirit and matter, mind and body.   Each chakra influences the organs associated with it, ligaments, muscles and veins and any other body part within it's field.  They also affect the endocrine system, which is a network of glands and organs that produce and release hormones into the bloodstream to control many of our bodily functions.   Chakras are also strongly connected to our moods, personality, belief systems, physical and psychological evolution and spiritual journey. Basically they are an intrinsic part of our overall health and wellbeing which is why we want them to be in balance and flowing properly.   Nowhere is the chakra journey more apparent than during pregnancy as new being manifests in the mother's body and is brought into the physical realm through the multidimensional initiation of childbirth.  Learning about the passage of the baby through pregnancy, birth and the first 6 months to 2 years of life and the significance for the baby's foundation and birth imprint is truly empowering knowledge.   Understanding our chakras as a map for rediscovering our inner landscape and re-energising the centres that our ancestral legacy, unconscious conditioning and life experiences have closed down, helps us understand and cultivate our own energy preventing illness and a multitude of possible issues.   Our root chakra is located at the base of our spine above the perineum, below the cervix and in front of the coccyx. Basically between our front and back privies.    It is our foundation of personal power, well being and our connection to the Pachamama (Mother Earth). And just like a tree with its beautiful roots connecting it, it lets us know that we are connected and safe to grow into our highest potential.   On a literal level its about our safety, security and primal needs for survival; ie: food, shelter, safety and security.  It helps us meet our daily demands of what we need to survive. If its in balance we'll stay self confident and out of fear.   Anatomically, it governs our bones, blood, our immune systems, the colon, rectum, vagina, lower pelvis, pelvic floor, base of spine, legs and feet. It's domain is also the hips, our vitality, stamina, strength and energy. It also governs the sexual and birthing instinct and has the power to open the vagina to receive the sperm, to release menstrual fluid and to birth babies.   Emotionally its about feeling protected, and having strong foundations about our groundedness, stability and trust, as well as our survival and security. Our emotions and physicality go together because if our energy is out of whack, it will affect our emotions.   Mentally its about our foundation, our contentedness and connection to the earth. It holds the space for us to connect to the tribe or family we were born into even if life's journey has pushed us in another direction.   With a balanced root chakra we'll stay out of worry and attract all that we desire with a quiet sense of strength and confidence about us.  We'll also be reassuring for others to be around because they'll feel that calmness and easy going -ness about us.    The beliefs about the root chakra grounds us to the earth, its about our abundance. It's also about our inability to let go, and all the lack, scarcity and abundance issues you may have, live here.   When its not working properly there's a lack of vitality. When we feel vulnerable about our survival or safety, victimised by society or within our family or clan, this chakra may need some stabilising. If a woman feels unsafe and frightened, or isn't grounded or feeling safe and secure, her labour may become slow and difficult or even stop altogether if cervical regression arises from stress.   We may have food and health issues, or feel spacey or un- grounded. We could also have problems with our bones and blood.   In Sanskrit the root chakra is called Muladhara which translates to "root of existence". It's made up of two words: mula, which means "root", and dhara, which means "flux".    The Root chakra is our foundation and beliefs related to the root are about: security, safety, anything around work, order, routine, whether you feel nurtured or if you nurture yourself, what your nutrition is like, fairness, organisation, honesty, flexibility, responsibility and health.   When you regain balance in your foundation in all of those qualities, your spirit will inspire all your own personal ways for maintaining that balance.   Some ways that root chakra issues could potentially manifest: Physically, our bones are the structure of our bodies.  They literally hold us up and without them we'd just be a big puddle of skin and organs.   Our ligaments, muscles and nervous system are all based on the bones because the bones are the core of all that we are! Bones can pertain to sacrifice and worthiness issues like not feeling supported, deserving or worthy and not trusting.   Our colons hold onto old issues like anger, resentment, fear, guilt, old abuse ad the ability to accept love.  So if you have any issues like irritable bowel, or any rectum issues like haemorrhoids (unless you're pregnant which is common in pregnancy).  It's all about eliminating old stuff.  All the old stuff that holds us back in life.   We may also feel frustrated because things we intellectually know, we still somehow cannot break out of our habitual patterns. Until now! Stick with me, you'll soon learn how to grasp your destiny by the reins.   Because the root chakra also governs our feet, hips, knees and spine which is all about moving forward, standing tall and feeling secure and safe to step out into the abyss of the unknown.   So if you are constantly making excuses, that chunks down to fear. If you have an inspired moment, a real “AHA” moment, what often happe

THE ANATOMICALLY CORRECT SHOW!! Starring Puzzling Evidence - Master Mixotologist Dr. Philo Drummond - Chief Blabbertologer Dr. Howlland Owll - Resident Know-It-All original spoken word poetry freeform live radio show free improvisation subgeniusAfter an awe-inspiring Puzzling Evidence opening Intro, the Boys hold their baited breath while simmering a box full of feathers for a snack on Hell's Highway! Little did they know that gremlins had removed the manhole covers just after the show started and replaced them with the show's emergency pudding supply.The Puzzling Evidence Radio Show on KPFA. Not just the most sneakiest show but also the mostest cleverest show to have ever been also the most robust and voluptuous and sexy show.Originally broadcast live and in person at KPFA studios in Berkeley CA - April 26th, 2013 - Played by Doug Wellman, Steve Wilcox and Hal Robins.

Last night we had a super discussion about building topline, Germán had some really interesting points to make and we had some great questions from the audience about the relationship between suppleness and topline.We also have a super fun segment that you need to listen in for! In Strides my students made a thread discussing their favorite Germán phrases, so we had a great chat with him explaining them!Check out Total Saddle Fit here: Anatomically thoughtful horse products – Total Saddle Fit

Last night we had a super discussion about building topline, Germán had some really interesting points to make and we had some great questions from the audience about the relationship between suppleness and topline.We also have a super fun segment that you need to listen in for! In Strides my students made a thread discussing their favorite Germán phrases, so we had a great chat with him explaining them!Check out Total Saddle Fit here: Anatomically thoughtful horse products – Total Saddle Fit

THURSDAY HR 5 FEED PHAT RUSS -We have Chip from The Hideaway bar in studio!! The K.O.D. - His Highness is already anti-Christmas programming Reviews Hot Frosty. Monster Messages & Hot Takes

In episode 1752, Jack and Miles are joined by director of Coaching While Black, Alex Eskandarkhah, to discuss… Hmmmm…Harris Is ‘Underwater' In Michigan? Rightwing Extremists REALLY Hate Being Made Fun Of? Trump's Personal Beef With Insects May End Up Dooming The Planet and more! Hmmmm…Harris Is ‘Underwater' In Michigan? Michigan Arab-Americans 'can't stomach' Harris's Israel-Gaza policy Rightwing Extremists REALLY Hate Being Made Fun Of? Trump's Personal Beef With Insects May End Up Dooming The Planet Firefly species may blink out as US seeks to list it as endangered for first time The collapse of insects The insect apocalypse: ‘Our world will grind to a halt without them' Trump administration plans to drastically weaken law protecting endangered species Trump is rolling back over 80 environmental regulations. Here are five big changes you might have missed in 2019 Trump Stings Honeybees While They're Down Biden administration reverses Trump endangered species rule Intense heat in the north, epic rains in Miami, fires in New Mexico and California The Internet Can't Get Over This Moment From Donald Trump's Speech Donald Trump: ‘I don't like mosquitoes!' LISTEN: Selfish Soul by Sudan ArchivesSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this week's episode of Critical Care Time, Cyrus & Nick close out their discussion (for now anyway!) on difficult airways! Here we build upon episode 33 by working through some scenarios we've seen where we've needed to implement some of the strategies previously discussed. We close out by covering 10 pitfalls and pearls when it comes to anatomically difficult airways. As always, give us a listen and let us know what you think! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Join us for The Number Two Show.Use the 1057 the Point App to pre-record your question or call (818) 532-1420Download the app: https://www.1057thepoint.com/point-mobile-app/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoicesSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Join us for The Number Two Show. Use the 1057 the Point App to pre-record your question or call (818) 532-1420 Download the app: https://www.1057thepoint.com/point-mobile-app/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Join us for The Number Two Show. Use the 1057 the Point App to pre-record your question or call (818) 532-1420 Download the app: https://www.1057thepoint.com/point-mobile-app/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this week's episode of Critical Care Time, Nick & Cyrus return to talk about airway management in the ICU. In season 1 we focused on the physiologically difficult airway. Now we will begin to unravel the anatomically difficult airway. Today we will break things down by covering foundational concepts, discussing some of the physical and cognitive tools you can use to address an airway, and basically set the stage for part II where we will go through some case studies and leave you with our pitfall and pearls for anatomically difficult airways. This episode is packed with clinical pearls that will empower you to take on even the spiciest of airways!As always - give us a watch or a listen and let us know what you think! Don't forget those reviews!! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

https://plus12socks.com/Ever slipped into a pair of socks and wondered if they're doing more harm than good? Join me as we explore the intriguing world of anatomically correct socks with Tanya from Austria, a pioneer in the field. Our lively chat starts off with a mix-up of time zones before diving headfirst into the transformative nature of socks designed to embrace the natural asymmetry of our feet. I share my eye-opening experience with these foot-friendly creations, and Tanya sheds light on the philosophy behind socks that are not just comfortable but aimed at proper toe alignment. It's a revelation for anyone who's ever thoughtlessly pulled on a tube sock.The adventure doesn't stop at mere sock enlightenment, though. We take a closer look at the development of Plus 12 Barefoot Socks, the innovative children's footwear that champions healthy foot growth. We unravel the necessity of space within shoes and Tanya's decade of dedication to creating socks that support the barefoot shoe movement. You'll be fascinated by the tales of perseverance, collaboration with the proficient knitter Gunter, and the specialized knitting machine that brought these foot-shaped socks to life. It's a behind-the-scenes glimpse into the meticulous craft of producing footwear that's not just comfy but healthy.As we wrap up, we delve into the broader implications of foot health, discussing 'zookosis' and the importance of anatomically correct footwear. Our conversation touches on the rise of barefoot shoes and how my journey to becoming a barefoot shoe enthusiast highlights the tug-of-war between societal norms and the well-being of our feet. Before parting ways with Tanya, we reflect on the enriching exchange and my own testimonial of these European-crafted socks that have left a lasting impression on my soles and soul. If you're curious about making a simple yet impactful change for healthier, happier feet, this is an episode you won't want to miss.Help these new solutions spread by ... Subscribing wherever you listen to podcasts Leaving a 5-star review Sharing your favorite solution with your friends and network (this makes a BIG difference) Comments? Feedback? Questions? Solutions? Message us! We will do a mailbag episode.Email: solutionsfromthemultiverse@gmail.comAdam: @ajbraus - braus@hey.comScot: @scotmaupinadambraus.com (Link to Adam's projects and books)The Perfect Show (Scot's solo podcast)The Numey (inflation-free currency) Thanks to Jonah Burns for the SFM music.

Episode 53: Anatomically Correct Sails New T-Shirt Store and T-Shirt Design Intro Top 20 Games of All Time Every Series Ever Games on the Table 05:30 Here I Stand Valley of Tears: The Yom Kippur War, 1973 Books on the Shelf 16:30 Eighteen Days in October by Uri Kaufman Master and Commander by Patrick O'Brian HotT Blooded 20:35 1812!: War on the Great Lakes Frontier Valley of Tears: The Yom Kippur War, 1973 Wargame Game 31:25 Featured Game: Flying Colors 35:00 Discussing the Game Recommended Reading Every Wargame Ever 1:02:00 November Patron Pick 1:08:00 Patron Mail Bag – Combining Games 1:10:00 History Off the Table and Other Stuff 1:15:15 Winding Down Spooky Season Hockey Survivor League and hockey talk Simulation Games Comments, questions or concerns can be sent to: historytablepodcast@gmail.com  Twitter: @HistoryTablePod  Links of Note Discord: https://discord.gg/2wz8sdsbwN Black Lodge Trivia Night https://www.patreon.com/HistoryTable

 If ever there was a riddle wrapped in an enigma shrouded in mystery in the body it's the pelvic floor. Both men and women have pelvic floor muscles and both experience dysfunction but for today we're just talking to the ladies. If you are listening to this where little ones are present we are going to talk about s-e-x and things of that nature so if you aren't ready to do that explaining you might want to put the earbuds in. Fair warning. Anatomically, the pelvic floor is a web of muscles woven through and around the most intimate vulnerable parts of the body. At best it's misunderstood at worst it's tangled up in a mess of sexual shame and trauma history. Especially for women. Today we're going to demystify the pelvic floor and open the door for women to reclaim a sense of trust and reverence for this part of themselves. It's time to stop working out and start working IN. You found the Work IN podcast for fit-preneurs and their health conscious clients. This podcast is for resilient wellness professionals who want to expand their professional credibility, shake off stress and thrive in a burnout-proof career with conversations on the fitness industry, movement, nutrition, sleep, mindset, nervous system health, yoga, business and so much more. I'm your host Ericka Thomas. I'm a resilience coach and fit-preneur offering an authentic, actionable realistic approach to personal and professional balance for coaches in any format. The Work IN is brought to you by savage grace coaching, bringing resilience through movement, action and accountability. Private sessions, small groups and corporate presentations are open now. Visit savagegracecoaching.com to schedule a call and get all the details. Website & free guideFollow me on Instagram Follow me on FacebookFollow me on Linked IN

Primary angle-closure glaucoma is a leading cause of vision loss, affecting an estimated 20 million people. Dr. Lori Provencher sits down with Dr. Benjamin Xu to discuss the research from his article, “Rates and Patterns of Diagnostic Conversion from Anatomical Narrow Angle to Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma in the United States.” Rates and Patterns of Diagnostic Conversion from Anatomical Narrow Angle to Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma in the United States. Yoo, Kristy et al. Ophthalmology Glaucoma, Volume 6, Issue 2, 169 - 176

We continue to assess our future evolutionary prospects, this time picking up the story of the human journey where Homo sapiens emerges. Anatomically modern humans have existed for ~300 thousand years, but modern behavior is only evident starting ~100 thousand years ago. We examine this evolutionary process by describing humanity's unique capacities as an intensification of traits we share with other animals. We look at the ritual behavior of chimpanzees, the symbolic world of Neanderthals, and the increasingly elaborate sequences of abstraction that characterize human thought. We examine how for millennia human societies developed and lost traits repeatedly, in regional cycles of cultural growth and collapse, until 100 thousand years ago ... something happened. 

Join us this week as we recap the week's action in and out of the ring! Plus what Tom Petty song did we pick to use as an entrance theme? WRESTLER OF THE WEEK: Dusty RhodesMATCH RECOMMENDATION : Steel Cage Match: NWA WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP Dusty Rhodes vs Ric Flair https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x3g9rhwLike, subscribe and follow us on all of our social media outlets by using this link linktr.ee/wrestlegedonpodIf you're listening to us on Apple Podcasts or Spotify be sure to leave us a 5 star rating! https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-wrestlegeddon-podcast/id1471506236https://open.spotify.com/show/2dsUK63nZSmNdco9uD9muw?si=VOza6z9sRKShuhL2_L3IKA&utm_source=copy-linkYou can also leave us a review on our new Podchaser page as well!https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/the-wrestlegeddon-podcast-889473/reviewsThis podcast uses the following third-party services for analysis: Podtrac - https://analytics.podtrac.com/privacy-policy-gdrpChartable - https://chartable.com/privacyPodcorn - https://podcorn.com/privacy

Come for the ox testicles, stay for the weird talk about feces on picnic tables. This week, Dani is leaving California ad Doug is remaining in Yellowstone. For this episode, we share dispatches from the road and backyard National Park, giving a glimpse of what it is like when. podcast takes a break, but still puts out episodes. There is quality content in this episode, so definitely give it all a listen. We are back together next week and will even be introducing someone to the podcast. Exciting times await! Cover Image from Clinton Steeds on Flickr.

A first look at the headset that could be Apple's biggest competition. Gurman: "Apple will start accepting trade-ins of the Mac Studio, 13-inch M2 MacBook Air and 13-inch M2 MacBook Pro on June 5th, the same day as WWDC." Apple's WWDC23 Swift Student Challenge winners code to share their passions with the world. Apple's 'My Photo Stream' service shutting down in July 2023. Apple's $50 million butterfly keyboard settlement is finally approved. Actor Brent Sexton sues Apple due to COVID vaccine mandate. Lisa: Steve Jobs' sabotage and Apple's secret burial documentary from The Verge. Final episode of "Ted Lasso" drops on Wednesday. Picks of the Week Alex's Pick: Phase Plant Andy's Pick: Generations for iPhone Jason's Pick: Audio Hijack 4.2 Hosts: Leo Laporte, Alex Lindsay, Andy Ihnatko, and Jason Snell Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Get episodes ad-free with Club TWiT at https://twit.tv/clubtwit

A first look at the headset that could be Apple's biggest competition. Gurman: "Apple will start accepting trade-ins of the Mac Studio, 13-inch M2 MacBook Air and 13-inch M2 MacBook Pro on June 5th, the same day as WWDC." Apple's WWDC23 Swift Student Challenge winners code to share their passions with the world. Apple's 'My Photo Stream' service shutting down in July 2023. Apple's $50 million butterfly keyboard settlement is finally approved. Actor Brent Sexton sues Apple due to COVID vaccine mandate. Lisa: Steve Jobs' sabotage and Apple's secret burial documentary from The Verge. Final episode of "Ted Lasso" drops on Wednesday. Picks of the Week Alex's Pick: Phase Plant Andy's Pick: Generations for iPhone Jason's Pick: Audio Hijack 4.2 Hosts: Leo Laporte, Alex Lindsay, Andy Ihnatko, and Jason Snell Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Get episodes ad-free with Club TWiT at https://twit.tv/clubtwit

A first look at the headset that could be Apple's biggest competition. Gurman: "Apple will start accepting trade-ins of the Mac Studio, 13-inch M2 MacBook Air and 13-inch M2 MacBook Pro on June 5th, the same day as WWDC." Apple's WWDC23 Swift Student Challenge winners code to share their passions with the world. Apple's 'My Photo Stream' service shutting down in July 2023. Apple's $50 million butterfly keyboard settlement is finally approved. Actor Brent Sexton sues Apple due to COVID vaccine mandate. Lisa: Steve Jobs' sabotage and Apple's secret burial documentary from The Verge. Final episode of "Ted Lasso" drops on Wednesday. Picks of the Week Alex's Pick: Phase Plant Andy's Pick: Generations for iPhone Jason's Pick: Audio Hijack 4.2 Hosts: Leo Laporte, Alex Lindsay, Andy Ihnatko, and Jason Snell Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Get episodes ad-free with Club TWiT at https://twit.tv/clubtwit

A first look at the headset that could be Apple's biggest competition. Gurman: "Apple will start accepting trade-ins of the Mac Studio, 13-inch M2 MacBook Air and 13-inch M2 MacBook Pro on June 5th, the same day as WWDC." Apple's WWDC23 Swift Student Challenge winners code to share their passions with the world. Apple's 'My Photo Stream' service shutting down in July 2023. Apple's $50 million butterfly keyboard settlement is finally approved. Actor Brent Sexton sues Apple due to COVID vaccine mandate. Lisa: Steve Jobs' sabotage and Apple's secret burial documentary from The Verge. Final episode of "Ted Lasso" drops on Wednesday. Picks of the Week Alex's Pick: Phase Plant Andy's Pick: Generations for iPhone Jason's Pick: Audio Hijack 4.2 Hosts: Leo Laporte, Alex Lindsay, Andy Ihnatko, and Jason Snell Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Get episodes ad-free with Club TWiT at https://twit.tv/clubtwit

A first look at the headset that could be Apple's biggest competition. Gurman: "Apple will start accepting trade-ins of the Mac Studio, 13-inch M2 MacBook Air and 13-inch M2 MacBook Pro on June 5th, the same day as WWDC." Apple's WWDC23 Swift Student Challenge winners code to share their passions with the world. Apple's 'My Photo Stream' service shutting down in July 2023. Apple's $50 million butterfly keyboard settlement is finally approved. Actor Brent Sexton sues Apple due to COVID vaccine mandate. Lisa: Steve Jobs' sabotage and Apple's secret burial documentary from The Verge. Final episode of "Ted Lasso" drops on Wednesday. Picks of the Week Alex's Pick: Phase Plant Andy's Pick: Generations for iPhone Jason's Pick: Audio Hijack 4.2 Hosts: Leo Laporte, Alex Lindsay, Andy Ihnatko, and Jason Snell Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Get episodes ad-free with Club TWiT at https://twit.tv/clubtwit

Commentary by Dr. Valentin Fuster

Author, journalist (Wall Street Journal), and blog innovator (www.JazzWax.com) Marc Myers returns to discuss his latest book, Anatomy of 55 More Songs: The Oral History of Top Hits That Changed Rock, Pop and Soul (2022 Grove Press). Anatomically correct hosts David C. Gross and Tom Semioli review Myers' esteemed song list, discuss the roles of the composers, studio musicians, arrangers, producers, publicists, media, and label owners; and ponder "the future of song" among other illuminating topics! The Marc Myers Anatomy of 55 More Songs Conversation Playlist

On today's episode of the podcast we will hear from Kirsten Black, a Certified Child Life Specialist, who had the opportunity to visit children's hospitals in Sweden. Kirsten shares her perspective on the major differences in pediatric healthcare, what she learned along the way and how it has influenced her as a Child Life Specialist. She shares her unconventional yet beautiful journey to the field of Child Life. [4:00] Introducing herself [7:15] Pivoting after the economy crashed [8:30] A seed was planted [10:15] Utilizing her degree in education [12:00] Using a brain map to help a patient with taking a medication [14:00] Connecting with Pediatric Hospice in London [15:15] Going to the Ronald McDonald House in Sweden [18:33] Several connections lead to many different children's hospitals in Sweden [22:27] Legal rights for children in Swedish Hospitals [23:35] The value of children and families in Sweden [25:48] Child Life specialists have an education degree in Sweden [28:41] Advocating for ourselves as Child Life Specialists [29:21] Nurses are trained to think through a poke plan prior to an injection [34:05] Low technology toys and activities [35:00] Accessibility to different languages in books [37:30] Anatomically correct dolls in Sweden Connect with Kirsten: Instagram Whether you are a parent or professional, we want you to join our community. Sign up for our newsletter here. Parents, download our free parent starter kit. When you download our starter kit, you'll learn how to: Give medicine to your child without it becoming a wrestling match Prepare your child (and yourself) for a shot so they can feel less anxious Create and use a coping plan for any medical appointment or procedure The first sign of sniffles, or worse, shouldn't send you into a tailspin. Feel confident in your role as a parent and advocate, no matter what medical situation you're facing. Child life specialists, get affordable PDUs on-demand here. Shop for your CLOC gear here. Catch up with CLOC on Instagram, Facebook and meet Katie for a Q+A every Monday at 10 AM CST.  

This week, Megan talks Thanksgiving science for a science news to start off November. Then Jen sticks around Halloween a little longer to talk about Rats!Organization to Support: Apopo.orgAPOPO is a non-profit organization with Belgian roots. For 25 years they have tackled landmines or tuberculosis around the world. APOPO provides a low-tech, cost-efficient solution to pressing humanitarian challenges.You can make a monthly or yearly donation, purchase a Hero gift for the animals like PPE, food, supplies – or you can adopt a Hero Rat! Right now you can find out more about Baraka who is a little guys in training. Aw!References:https://www.history.com/news/rats-didnt-spread-the-black-death-it-was-humanshttps://chinesenewyear.net/zodiac/rat/https://allthatsinteresting.com/rat-torture-methodhttps://www.bbc.com/news/uk-42708127https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2013/04/23/178604711/ratting-out-tb-scientists-train-rodents-to-diagnose-diseasehttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/rats-plague-black-death-humans-lice-health-science#:~:text=In%20cases%20of%20plague%20since,go%20on%20to%20bite%20humans.https://www.mpg.de/18595905/0503-evan-spread-of-black-rats-was-linked-to-human-historical-events-150495-xhttps://www.cam.ac.uk/research/research-at-cambridge/animal-research/what-types-of-animal-do-we-use/rats#:~:text=Why%20do%20we%20use%20rats,test%20drug%20efficacy%20and%20safety.https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/rathttps://www.thesprucepets.com/how-smart-are-rats-3975140#:~:text=Like%20a%20pet%20dog%2C%20a,through%20mazes%2C%20and%20perform%20tricks.https://www.mpg.de/18595905/0503-evan-spread-of-black-rats-was-linked-to-human-historical-events-150495-xhttps://www.victorpest.com/articles/seven-rat-facts-cringehttps://www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/animals/general-animals/facts-about-rats/#:~:text=A%20group%20of%20rats%20is%20called%20a%20'mischief'!https://www.britannica.com/list/abundant-animals-the-most-numerous-organisms-in-the-worldhttps://www.telegram.com/story/sports/outdoors/2020/06/15/exploring-long-history-of-rats/113733132/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rats_in_New_York_Cityhttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-54747625https://www.scgniagara.com/2018/04/fascinating-rat-facts.htmlhttps://www.mamamia.com.au/cynosure-picosecond-laser/https://www.ranker.com/list/rat-kings-what-are-they/jacob-sheltonhttps://onekindplanet.org/animal/rat/https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-doomed-mouse-utopia-that-inspired-the-rats-of-nimhhttps://www.npr.org/2022/04/26/1094766076/throughline-how-rats-became-one-of-earths-most-successful-mammalian-colonizers

Rodan, also known as Daniel Ross, is a Memphis-based artist that focuses on telling the story of the Black American journey through art. He was educated at Tennessee State University and Memphis College of Art. Over the years he has perfected the use of hard to soft graphite and clay on cold press board, striving to make his work appear photo realistic. Through a technique he calls “loose realism”, Rodan exhibits control but not controlled paintings that will never let us forget the contributions of those who have paved the way for us in civil rights, music, literature and culture. Listen to how hip hop totally transformed Rodan's technique and purpose.

The fact is that we all complain—some more, some less. But what's so bad about complaining? In the Self-Coaching episode, you'll learn how complaining is like experiencing the same torment over and over again, thereby revisiting the stress of our complaint over and over again. Not only is it stressful to complain, it also turns us into victims, grumblers, and whiners. Did you know that complaining, especially chronic complaining, is a habit? Yup, complaining actually rewires your brain for negativity, pessimism, and unhappiness. Anatomically, complaining actually shrinks the hippocampus in your brain, which among other duties is involved in critical problem solving and intelligent thought. In other words, complaining ain't no free lunch. Join me as I explore the different types of complaining and why it's in your best interest to break the complaining habit.  

A very Happy Doctors' Day to you all! In this episode I discuss some salient points regarding the physiologically difficult airway. There are many physicians I know who are still not aware regarding this concept that can kill patients as soon as we try and save them. Also - EZECON is being organised in Kolkata from 16-17th July,22 and it is going to be an academic feast for the residents. So do register for it. The references for reading up more on the physiologically difficult airways are as follows - 1. Mosier JM, Joshi R, Hypes C, Pacheco G, Valenzuela T, Sakles JC. The Physiologically Difficult Airway. West J Emerg Med. 2015 Dec;16(7):1109-17. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2015.8.27467. Epub 2015 Dec 8. PMID: 26759664; PMCID: PMC4703154. 2. Weingart SD, Trueger NS, Wong N, Scofi J, Singh N, Rudolph SS. Delayed sequence intubation: a prospective observational study. Ann Emerg Med. 2015 Apr;65(4):349-55. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.09.025. Epub 2014 Oct 23. PMID: 25447559. 3. https://www.acepnow.com/article/crash-a-mnemonic-for-the-physiological-difficult-airway/ 4. Myatra SN, Divatia JV, Brewster DJ. The physiologically difficult airway: an emerging concept. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2022 Apr 1;35(2):115-121. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000001102. PMID: 35165233. 5. Cai SR, Sandhu MRS, Gruenbaum SE, Rosenblatt WH, Gruenbaum BF. Airway Management in an Anatomically and Physiologically Difficult Airway. Cureus. 2020 Sep 24;12(9):e10638. doi: 10.7759/cureus.10638. PMID: 33123451; PMCID: PMC7584327. 6. Kornas RL, Owyang CG, Sakles JC, Foley LJ, Mosier JM; Society for Airway Management's Special Projects Committee. Evaluation and Management of the Physiologically Difficult Airway: Consensus Recommendations From Society for Airway Management. Anesth Analg. 2021 Feb 1;132(2):395-405. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005233. PMID: 33060492. 7. Mosier, Jarrod M. “Physiologically Difficult Airway in Critically Ill Patients: Winning the Race between Haemoglobin Desaturation and Tracheal Intubation.” British Journal of Anaesthesia 125, no. 1 (July 2020): e1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2019.12.001. 8. Scott Weingart, MD FCCM. EMCrit 325 – The Hypoxemic Difficult Airway and Preox Discussion with Jarrod Mosier. EMCrit Blog. Published on June 5, 2022. Accessed on June 30th 2022. Available at [https://emcrit.org/emcrit/hypoxemic-difficult-airway/ ]. 9. Salim Rezaie, "An Emergency Difficult Airway Predictor Would be From HEAVEN", REBEL EM blog, January 31, 2018. Available at: https://rebelem.com/emergency-difficult-airway-predictor-heaven/. 10. Salim Rezaie, "Critical Care Updates: Resuscitation Sequence Intubation – Hypotension Kills (Part 1 of 3)", REBEL EM blog, September 26, 2016. Available at: https://rebelem.com/critical-care-updates-resuscitation-sequence-intubation-hypotension-kills-part-1-of-3/. 11. Salim Rezaie, "Critical Care Updates: Resuscitation Sequence Intubation – pH Kills (Part 3 of 3)", REBEL EM blog, October 3, 2016. Available at: https://rebelem.com/critical-care-updates-resuscitation-sequence-intubation-ph-kills-part-3-of-3/.

The plantar plate ligament is a little ligament on the bottom of the ball of the foot, right where the toe attaches to the foot. The function of the plantar plate ligament is to reinforce the joint and support the toe by helping to hold it down against the ground. Anatomically, the plantar plate ligament resists the motion doctors call "dorsiflexion," where the toe gets pulled up away from the ground. Even though the plantar plate ligament is really small, its funcion is vital.  Doing exercises to help support the plantar plate, can help to decrease some load on the ligament. Today on the Doc On The Run Podcast, we're talking about the single most effective exercise to support the plantar plate in runners. 

On todays episode, Brytta is joined by Fitness Expert, best-selling author of "Naked Fitness" and owner of 3.0 Pilates Reformer and Yoga Studios, Andrea Metcalf. On This Episode Brytta and Andrea discuss:The importance of being an Entrepreneur in the Fitness and Yoga industriesWhy having a plan that works is key to having a successful Yoga businessWhat NOT to do when you graduate Yoga Teacher TrainingThe Yoga Studio audition process and how to audition your Yoga teachersAndrea's brand new studio: 3.0 Pilates Reformer and Yoga Studios in Chicago, IllinoisOn a Personal Note:Andrea Metcalf is the beautiful being who taught Brytta how to teach Yoga and Fitness all while teaching and trusting her to run and manage a Yoga and Fitness Studio. Brytta and Andrea taught together in Chicago and throughout the United States for over three years. If there is one person Brytta wants you to learn about Yoga and the Anatomically correct way to teach it, it is with Andrea Metcalf. Podcast Sponsor: Louleen Yoga MatsWebsite:  https://louleen.com/Instagram: @louleen_yogaPodcast Music: Pierse - Your Next Fantasy (Instrumental)Connect with Brytta on social media by taking a screenshot of this episode and tagging her on Instagram and Facebook.Subscribe to the podcast on Apple, Spotify, and iHeartRadio then if you feel called to do so, please leave a written five star review and share this podcast with your travel and yoga friends so that we can build this global community together!

Have you ever thought there should be more goals in soccer? Soccer officials sure don't — and they'll call offsides penalties whenever they have a chance, often eliminating a score in the process. Video Assistant Referees (VAR) aren't helping the issue, either. Sean finds that pretty darn dumb. On the plus side, there are no commercial breaks aside from halftime and that is awesome. We also dive back into sports fandom, which we've covered in previous episodes. But there's more sadness to be had. And the Slime Monster is back! Plus, a direct tweet from Mitchell Trubisky, and a silly sports cliche about Z.

Consider the act of pedaling to mirror the face of an analog clock: In cycling, there are certain phases of the lower trunk that are incorporated at particular angles and points within the circular motion that encompasses the model of general motion. During the Down Pedal Phase, the pelvis initiates the beginning of the lower limb complex, which is made up of the ischium and illium. Here, the sitting bones, anatomically referred to as the Ischial Tuberosities, play an important role for flexion of the hamstrings (all three origins of the hamstring are located here – Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Bicep Femoris. In fact, the hip is a very important anatomical characteristic as this large “ball-and-socket” joint allows for a large degree of multidimensional movement. During the action of pedaling, the hips allow and guide hip extension – extension coupled with a small degree of rotation. During hip extension, the following muscles are utilized: Bicep Femoris, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius. In comparing this phase to the face of a clock, this would make-up the 12-4 o'clock. Moving down the lower extremities, we find the knee, which aids in extension during the Down Pedal Phase. The knee, being a “Hinge Joint”, functions primarily as a lever for the femur, as the femur is known to be the longest bone in the body which subsequently is able to produce very large amounts of torque. Here, the patella plays a critical role as a fulcrum point for the force of the upper leg to be transferred to the lower leg. The patella is a sesamoid bone that situates itself within the patellar tendon and connects to the quadriceps and the tibial tuberosity. Here, the Patella glides into the intercondylar fossa of the femur. During knee extension (patellar extension), the following muscles are utilized: Rectus Femoris, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius, Vastus Lateralis. In comparing this phase to the face of a clock, this would make-up the 4-8 o'clock. And finally, as we move inferiorly and distal to the patella, we encounter a very relevant joint: the ankle joint. This joint allows for the cyclist to perform plantar and dorsi-flexion during the Down Phase. Here, these anatomical movements of the ankle make up the term “ankle-ing”, which refers to the movement of the foot as it moves from a position of dorsi-flexion to a position of plantar flexion during the bottom of the pedal-stroke before returning back to a position of dorsi-flexion. Although the foot has many small joints, this structure is primarily where the force from the lower limb complex is transferred to the pedal of the bike. (Note: the irregular amounts of force and/or compression shifting through the foot can result in neural pain/discomfort and damage of tissue due to the aforementioned compression.) Muscles utilized during Plantar Flexion include: Plantaris (biartcular), Soleus, Gastrocnemius , Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallicis Longus, Peroneous Longus, Peroneous Brevis. In comparing this phase to the face of a clock, this would make-up the 8-12 o'clock. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/liam-connerly/support

Soutenir et s'abonner à Neurosapiens ♥️La musique a un pouvoir dingue sur notre humeur, notre journée, notre concentration… mais quel est ce pouvoir précisément ? Quel est réellement l'impact et, on peut le dire, les bienfaits d'écouter de la musique sur notre cerveau ? Quel est le pouvoir de la musique sur votre outil le plus puissant ? Réponse dans cet épisode ! Production, animation, réalisation et illustration : Anaïs RouxInstagram : https://www.instagram.com/neurosapiens.podcast/neurosapiens.podcast@gmail.comMusique d'intro KEEP ON GOINGMusique proposée par La Musique LibreJoakim Karud - Keep On Going : https://youtu.be/lOfg0jRqaA8Joakim Karud : https://soundcloud.com/joakimkarudSources A. R. Harvey, Links between the neurobiology of oxytocin and human musicality, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2020.A. Habibi et al., Childhood music training induces change in micro and macroscopic brain structure : Results from a longitudinal study, Cerebral Cortex, 2018.Mehta, R., Zhu, R., & Cheema, A. (2012). Is noise always bad? Exploring the effects of ambient noise on creative cognition. Journal of Consumer Research, 39(4), 784-799.méthodeRitter SM, Ferguson S. Happy creativity: Listening to happy music facilitates divergent thinking. PLoS One. 2017 Sep 6;12(9):e0182210. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182210. PMID: 28877176; PMCID: PMC5587106.Salimpoor VN, Benovoy M, Larcher K, Dagher A, Zatorre RJ. Anatomically distinct dopamine release during anticipation and experience of peak emotion to music. Nat Neurosci. 2011 Feb;14(2):257-62. doi: 10.1038/nn.2726. Epub 2011 Jan 9. PMID: 21217764.LIU, L., & KAGER, R. (2017). Perception of tones by bilingual infants learning non-tone languages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 20(3), 561-575. doi:10.1017/S1366728916000183Liu, L., Kager, R. Enhanced music sensitivity in 9-month-old bilingual infants. Cogn Process 18, 55–65 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-016-0780-7Zatorre RJ, Salimpoor VN. From perception to pleasure: music and its neural substrates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jun 18;110 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):10430-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1301228110. Epub 2013 Jun 10. PMID: 23754373; PMCID: PMC3690607. Voir Acast.com/privacy pour les informations sur la vie privée et l'opt-out. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/neurosapiens.

When you know the meaning of the word autonomic, the role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) becomes clearer. Autonomic denotes involuntary or subconscious activity. In physiology, it refers to the many bodily functions that are subconsciously controlled, such as breathing, digestion, and—most relevant to our discussion here—heartbeats. The ANS is the neural network that controls these subconscious functions. For variable control, there are two opposing divisions of the ANS: The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) controls many functions under times of acute stress. Its effects are generally described as a “fight-or-flight” response because it's sympathetic to our plight. The parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) controls many of these same functions when the SNS is not activated. It produces the default setting so to speak. It is often described as a “rest-and-digest” response. Anatomically speaking, the SNS and PSNS have separate divisions; the SNS is derived from the thoracolumbar division while the PSNS is derived from the craniosacral division. After listening to this Audio Brick, you should be able to: Define the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Identify which ANS component is dominant at rest and during exercise. Describe cardiac innervation. Describe the mechanisms by which the ANS alters ion conductance and subsequently the action potentials to ultimately modulate heart rate and contractility. Describe vascular innervation. Describe how the ANS regulates blood volume. You can also check out the original brick from our Cardiology collection, which is available for free. Learn more about Rx Bricks by signing up for a free USMLE-Rx account: www.usmle-rx.com You will get 5 days of full access to our Rx360+ program, including nearly 800 Rx Bricks.  After the 5-day period, you will still be able to access over 150 free bricks, including the entire collections for General Microbiology and Cellular and Molecular Biology. *** If you enjoyed this episode, we'd love for you to leave a review on Apple Podcasts.  It helps with our visibility, and the more med students (or future med students) listen to the podcast, the more we can provide to the future physicians of the world. Follow USMLE-Rx at: Facebook: www.facebook.com/usmlerx Blog: www.firstaidteam.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/firstaidteam Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/firstaidteam/ YouTube: www.youtube.com/USMLERX Learn how you can access over 150 of our bricks for FREE: https://usmlerx.wpengine.com/free-bricks/ from our Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue collection, which is available for free. Learn more about Rx Bricks by signing up for a free USMLE-Rx account: www.usmle-rx.com You will get 5 days of full access to our Rx360+ program, including nearly 800 Rx Bricks.  After the 5-day period, you will still be able to access over 150 free bricks, including the entire collections for General Microbiology and Cellular and Molecular Biology.

@aj.afterbabyfit - afterbabyfit.com / @sweatandshineon - sweatandshineon.com We start with a question, have you ever faked an orgasm? We both have read a book by Emily Nagoski called Come as You Are” which helped inform this episode. How do you know if you've had an orgasm? For Alex it was all about the partner and recalling different experiences. Do you think that orgasm is over rated or under rated? It depends on the perspective of the person. And sex does not equal orgasm for more than 50% of women. Female pleasure is underrated. It's not talked about, or shared to find out what might or might not be “normal”. Anatomically, we all have the same parts. The head of the penis is the same as the female clitoris. Everyone has the same parts organized in different ways. Penetration is convenient for males and makes them orgasm but it is harder for women. Anatomically, women's most sensitive parts are outside the body. Addressing any of these issues with your partner is a very difficult. Sandy shares a deeply personal story about being raped as a teenager and how that has informed and triggered her ideas about sex the rest of her life. Context is huge, Sandy has had to regain control and get comfortable again. Expecting to have an orgasm with you have sex, the expectation was too much to handle. Alex has been on a journey of boldness and trying to empower women to build confidence. Life stressors and events can truly impact your intimacy. What your body carries with you. The narrowest definition of an orgasm is a contraction of the pelvic floor. However, generally it is a release of sexual tension and orgasms for even the same person can differ wildly depending on the circumstances. The postpartum work that we do with women is also meant to improve their intimacy and orgasms. The exercise and specifically breath work and core and pelvic floor strength drastically improved sexual pleasure and orgasms for Alex. The postpartum work we do creates confidence for a woman in their body, making the mind body connection. Understanding yourself and your own body and pleasure should be a priority, accepting yourself after traumatic events including childbirth. Arousal non-concordance is when your body is responding but your mind isn't wanting the intimacy or the other way around. Your brain doesn't match the physical response. Desire and arousal are different for men and women. Men experience desire and then immediate arousal whereas women need the arousal first to feel the desire. When you think that sex is bad it can stop someone from feeling pleasure. So what now? First, listen or read to Come as You Are by Emily Nagoski. The topics that resonate with you may be different. For Sandy, it was brakes versus accelerator and needing to release the brakes. For Alex it was increasing joy and pleasure for yourself and your confidence to maximize your pleasure. No shoulds or shame, bring tools to the party like lube and vibrators and find the pleasure that makes you feel your best. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/comfortablyuncomfortable/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/comfortablyuncomfortable/support