Podcasts about MSA

This podcast features Gabriele Corso and Jeremy Wohlwend, co-founders of Boltz and authors of the Boltz Manifesto, discussing the rapid evolution of structural biology models from AlphaFold to their own open-source suite, Boltz-1 and Boltz-2. The central thesis is that while single-chain protein structure prediction is largely “solved” through evolutionary hints, the next frontier lies in modeling complex interactions (protein-ligand, protein-protein) and generative protein design, which Boltz aims to democratize via open-source foundations and scalable infrastructure.Full Video PodOn YouTube!Timestamps* 00:00 Introduction to Benchmarking and the “Solved” Protein Problem* 06:48 Evolutionary Hints and Co-evolution in Structure Prediction* 10:00 The Importance of Protein Function and Disease States* 15:31 Transitioning from AlphaFold 2 to AlphaFold 3 Capabilities* 19:48 Generative Modeling vs. Regression in Structural Biology* 25:00 The “Bitter Lesson” and Specialized AI Architectures* 29:14 Development Anecdotes: Training Boltz-1 on a Budget* 32:00 Validation Strategies and the Protein Data Bank (PDB)* 37:26 The Mission of Boltz: Democratizing Access and Open Source* 41:43 Building a Self-Sustaining Research Community* 44:40 Boltz-2 Advancements: Affinity Prediction and Design* 51:03 BoltzGen: Merging Structure and Sequence Prediction* 55:18 Large-Scale Wet Lab Validation Results* 01:02:44 Boltz Lab Product Launch: Agents and Infrastructure* 01:13:06 Future Directions: Developpability and the “Virtual Cell”* 01:17:35 Interacting with Skeptical Medicinal ChemistsKey SummaryEvolution of Structure Prediction & Evolutionary Hints* Co-evolutionary Landscapes: The speakers explain that breakthrough progress in single-chain protein prediction relied on decoding evolutionary correlations where mutations in one position necessitate mutations in another to conserve 3D structure.* Structure vs. Folding: They differentiate between structure prediction (getting the final answer) and folding (the kinetic process of reaching that state), noting that the field is still quite poor at modeling the latter.* Physics vs. Statistics: RJ posits that while models use evolutionary statistics to find the right “valley” in the energy landscape, they likely possess a “light understanding” of physics to refine the local minimum.The Shift to Generative Architectures* Generative Modeling: A key leap in AlphaFold 3 and Boltz-1 was moving from regression (predicting one static coordinate) to a generative diffusion approach that samples from a posterior distribution.* Handling Uncertainty: This shift allows models to represent multiple conformational states and avoid the “averaging” effect seen in regression models when the ground truth is ambiguous.* Specialized Architectures: Despite the “bitter lesson” of general-purpose transformers, the speakers argue that equivariant architectures remain vastly superior for biological data due to the inherent 3D geometric constraints of molecules.Boltz-2 and Generative Protein Design* Unified Encoding: Boltz-2 (and BoltzGen) treats structure and sequence prediction as a single task by encoding amino acid identities into the atomic composition of the predicted structure.* Design Specifics: Instead of a sequence, users feed the model blank tokens and a high-level “spec” (e.g., an antibody framework), and the model decodes both the 3D structure and the corresponding amino acids.* Affinity Prediction: While model confidence is a common metric, Boltz-2 focuses on affinity prediction—quantifying exactly how tightly a designed binder will stick to its target.Real-World Validation and Productization* Generalized Validation: To prove the model isn't just “regurgitating” known data, Boltz tested its designs on 9 targets with zero known interactions in the PDB, achieving nanomolar binders for two-thirds of them.* Boltz Lab Infrastructure: The newly launched Boltz Lab platform provides “agents” for protein and small molecule design, optimized to run 10x faster than open-source versions through proprietary GPU kernels.* Human-in-the-Loop: The platform is designed to convert skeptical medicinal chemists by allowing them to run parallel screens and use their intuition to filter model outputs.TranscriptRJ [00:05:35]: But the goal remains to, like, you know, really challenge the models, like, how well do these models generalize? And, you know, we've seen in some of the latest CASP competitions, like, while we've become really, really good at proteins, especially monomeric proteins, you know, other modalities still remain pretty difficult. So it's really essential, you know, in the field that there are, like, these efforts to gather, you know, benchmarks that are challenging. So it keeps us in line, you know, about what the models can do or not.Gabriel [00:06:26]: Yeah, it's interesting you say that, like, in some sense, CASP, you know, at CASP 14, a problem was solved and, like, pretty comprehensively, right? But at the same time, it was really only the beginning. So you can say, like, what was the specific problem you would argue was solved? And then, like, you know, what is remaining, which is probably quite open.RJ [00:06:48]: I think we'll steer away from the term solved, because we have many friends in the community who get pretty upset at that word. And I think, you know, fairly so. But the problem that was, you know, that a lot of progress was made on was the ability to predict the structure of single chain proteins. So proteins can, like, be composed of many chains. And single chain proteins are, you know, just a single sequence of amino acids. And one of the reasons that we've been able to make such progress is also because we take a lot of hints from evolution. So the way the models work is that, you know, they sort of decode a lot of hints. That comes from evolutionary landscapes. So if you have, like, you know, some protein in an animal, and you go find the similar protein across, like, you know, different organisms, you might find different mutations in them. And as it turns out, if you take a lot of the sequences together, and you analyze them, you see that some positions in the sequence tend to evolve at the same time as other positions in the sequence, sort of this, like, correlation between different positions. And it turns out that that is typically a hint that these two positions are close in three dimension. So part of the, you know, part of the breakthrough has been, like, our ability to also decode that very, very effectively. But what it implies also is that in absence of that co-evolutionary landscape, the models don't quite perform as well. And so, you know, I think when that information is available, maybe one could say, you know, the problem is, like, somewhat solved. From the perspective of structure prediction, when it isn't, it's much more challenging. And I think it's also worth also differentiating the, sometimes we confound a little bit, structure prediction and folding. Folding is the more complex process of actually understanding, like, how it goes from, like, this disordered state into, like, a structured, like, state. And that I don't think we've made that much progress on. But the idea of, like, yeah, going straight to the answer, we've become pretty good at.Brandon [00:08:49]: So there's this protein that is, like, just a long chain and it folds up. Yeah. And so we're good at getting from that long chain in whatever form it was originally to the thing. But we don't know how it necessarily gets to that state. And there might be intermediate states that it's in sometimes that we're not aware of.RJ [00:09:10]: That's right. And that relates also to, like, you know, our general ability to model, like, the different, you know, proteins are not static. They move, they take different shapes based on their energy states. And I think we are, also not that good at understanding the different states that the protein can be in and at what frequency, what probability. So I think the two problems are quite related in some ways. Still a lot to solve. But I think it was very surprising at the time, you know, that even with these evolutionary hints that we were able to, you know, to make such dramatic progress.Brandon [00:09:45]: So I want to ask, why does the intermediate states matter? But first, I kind of want to understand, why do we care? What proteins are shaped like?Gabriel [00:09:54]: Yeah, I mean, the proteins are kind of the machines of our body. You know, the way that all the processes that we have in our cells, you know, work is typically through proteins, sometimes other molecules, sort of intermediate interactions. And through that interactions, we have all sorts of cell functions. And so when we try to understand, you know, a lot of biology, how our body works, how disease work. So we often try to boil it down to, okay, what is going right in case of, you know, our normal biological function and what is going wrong in case of the disease state. And we boil it down to kind of, you know, proteins and kind of other molecules and their interaction. And so when we try predicting the structure of proteins, it's critical to, you know, have an understanding of kind of those interactions. It's a bit like seeing the difference between... Having kind of a list of parts that you would put it in a car and seeing kind of the car in its final form, you know, seeing the car really helps you understand what it does. On the other hand, kind of going to your question of, you know, why do we care about, you know, how the protein falls or, you know, how the car is made to some extent is that, you know, sometimes when something goes wrong, you know, there are, you know, cases of, you know, proteins misfolding. In some diseases and so on, if we don't understand this folding process, we don't really know how to intervene.RJ [00:11:30]: There's this nice line in the, I think it's in the Alpha Fold 2 manuscript, where they sort of discuss also like why we even hopeful that we can target the problem in the first place. And then there's this notion that like, well, four proteins that fold. The folding process is almost instantaneous, which is a strong, like, you know, signal that like, yeah, like we should, we might be... able to predict that this very like constrained thing that, that the protein does so quickly. And of course that's not the case for, you know, for, for all proteins. And there's a lot of like really interesting mechanisms in the cells, but yeah, I remember reading that and thought, yeah, that's somewhat of an insightful point.Gabriel [00:12:10]: I think one of the interesting things about the protein folding problem is that it used to be actually studied. And part of the reason why people thought it was impossible, it used to be studied as kind of like a classical example. Of like an MP problem. Uh, like there are so many different, you know, type of, you know, shapes that, you know, this amino acid could take. And so, this grows combinatorially with the size of the sequence. And so there used to be kind of a lot of actually kind of more theoretical computer science thinking about and studying protein folding as an MP problem. And so it was very surprising also from that perspective, kind of seeing. Machine learning so clear, there is some, you know, signal in those sequences, through evolution, but also through kind of other things that, you know, us as humans, we're probably not really able to, uh, to understand, but that is, models I've, I've learned.Brandon [00:13:07]: And so Andrew White, we were talking to him a few weeks ago and he said that he was following the development of this and that there were actually ASICs that were developed just to solve this problem. So, again, that there were. There were many, many, many millions of computational hours spent trying to solve this problem before AlphaFold. And just to be clear, one thing that you mentioned was that there's this kind of co-evolution of mutations and that you see this again and again in different species. So explain why does that give us a good hint that they're close by to each other? Yeah.RJ [00:13:41]: Um, like think of it this way that, you know, if I have, you know, some amino acid that mutates, it's going to impact everything around it. Right. In three dimensions. And so it's almost like the protein through several, probably random mutations and evolution, like, you know, ends up sort of figuring out that this other amino acid needs to change as well for the structure to be conserved. Uh, so this whole principle is that the structure is probably largely conserved, you know, because there's this function associated with it. And so it's really sort of like different positions compensating for, for each other. I see.Brandon [00:14:17]: Those hints in aggregate give us a lot. Yeah. So you can start to look at what kinds of information about what is close to each other, and then you can start to look at what kinds of folds are possible given the structure and then what is the end state.RJ [00:14:30]: And therefore you can make a lot of inferences about what the actual total shape is. Yeah, that's right. It's almost like, you know, you have this big, like three dimensional Valley, you know, where you're sort of trying to find like these like low energy states and there's so much to search through. That's almost overwhelming. But these hints, they sort of maybe put you in. An area of the space that's already like, kind of close to the solution, maybe not quite there yet. And, and there's always this question of like, how much physics are these models learning, you know, versus like, just pure like statistics. And like, I think one of the thing, at least I believe is that once you're in that sort of approximate area of the solution space, then the models have like some understanding, you know, of how to get you to like, you know, the lower energy, uh, low energy state. And so maybe you have some, some light understanding. Of physics, but maybe not quite enough, you know, to know how to like navigate the whole space. Right. Okay.Brandon [00:15:25]: So we need to give it these hints to kind of get into the right Valley and then it finds the, the minimum or something. Yeah.Gabriel [00:15:31]: One interesting explanation about our awful free works that I think it's quite insightful, of course, doesn't cover kind of the entirety of, of what awful does that is, um, they're going to borrow from, uh, Sergio Chinico for MIT. So he sees kind of awful. Then the interesting thing about awful is God. This very peculiar architecture that we have seen, you know, used, and this architecture operates on this, you know, pairwise context between amino acids. And so the idea is that probably the MSA gives you this first hint about what potential amino acids are close to each other. MSA is most multiple sequence alignment. Exactly. Yeah. Exactly. This evolutionary information. Yeah. And, you know, from this evolutionary information about potential contacts, then is almost as if the model is. of running some kind of, you know, diastro algorithm where it's sort of decoding, okay, these have to be closed. Okay. Then if these are closed and this is connected to this, then this has to be somewhat closed. And so you decode this, that becomes basically a pairwise kind of distance matrix. And then from this rough pairwise distance matrix, you decode kind of theBrandon [00:16:42]: actual potential structure. Interesting. So there's kind of two different things going on in the kind of coarse grain and then the fine grain optimizations. Interesting. Yeah. Very cool.Gabriel [00:16:53]: Yeah. You mentioned AlphaFold3. So maybe we have a good time to move on to that. So yeah, AlphaFold2 came out and it was like, I think fairly groundbreaking for this field. Everyone got very excited. A few years later, AlphaFold3 came out and maybe for some more history, like what were the advancements in AlphaFold3? And then I think maybe we'll, after that, we'll talk a bit about the sort of how it connects to Bolt. But anyway. Yeah. So after AlphaFold2 came out, you know, Jeremy and I got into the field and with many others, you know, the clear problem that, you know, was, you know, obvious after that was, okay, now we can do individual chains. Can we do interactions, interaction, different proteins, proteins with small molecules, proteins with other molecules. And so. So why are interactions important? Interactions are important because to some extent that's kind of the way that, you know, these machines, you know, these proteins have a function, you know, the function comes by the way that they interact with other proteins and other molecules. Actually, in the first place, you know, the individual machines are often, as Jeremy was mentioning, not made of a single chain, but they're made of the multiple chains. And then these multiple chains interact with other molecules to give the function to those. And on the other hand, you know, when we try to intervene of these interactions, think about like a disease, think about like a, a biosensor or many other ways we are trying to design the molecules or proteins that interact in a particular way with what we would call a target protein or target. You know, this problem after AlphaVol2, you know, became clear, kind of one of the biggest problems in the field to, to solve many groups, including kind of ours and others, you know, started making some kind of contributions to this problem of trying to model these interactions. And AlphaVol3 was, you know, was a significant advancement on the problem of modeling interactions. And one of the interesting thing that they were able to do while, you know, some of the rest of the field that really tried to try to model different interactions separately, you know, how protein interacts with small molecules, how protein interacts with other proteins, how RNA or DNA have their structure, they put everything together and, you know, train very large models with a lot of advances, including kind of changing kind of systems. Some of the key architectural choices and managed to get a single model that was able to set this new state-of-the-art performance across all of these different kind of modalities, whether that was protein, small molecules is critical to developing kind of new drugs, protein, protein, understanding, you know, interactions of, you know, proteins with RNA and DNAs and so on.Brandon [00:19:39]: Just to satisfy the AI engineers in the audience, what were some of the key architectural and data, data changes that made that possible?Gabriel [00:19:48]: Yeah, so one critical one that was not necessarily just unique to AlphaFold3, but there were actually a few other teams, including ours in the field that proposed this, was moving from, you know, modeling structure prediction as a regression problem. So where there is a single answer and you're trying to shoot for that answer to a generative modeling problem where you have a posterior distribution of possible structures and you're trying to sample this distribution. And this achieves two things. One is it starts to allow us to try to model more dynamic systems. As we said, you know, some of these structures can actually take multiple structures. And so, you know, you can now model that, you know, through kind of modeling the entire distribution. But on the second hand, from more kind of core modeling questions, when you move from a regression problem to a generative modeling problem, you are really tackling the way that you think about uncertainty in the model in a different way. So if you think about, you know, I'm undecided between different answers, what's going to happen in a regression model is that, you know, I'm going to try to make an average of those different kind of answers that I had in mind. When you have a generative model, what you're going to do is, you know, sample all these different answers and then maybe use separate models to analyze those different answers and pick out the best. So that was kind of one of the critical improvement. The other improvement is that they significantly simplified, to some extent, the architecture, especially of the final model that takes kind of those pairwise representations and turns them into an actual structure. And that now looks a lot more like a more traditional transformer than, you know, like a very specialized equivariant architecture that it was in AlphaFold3.Brandon [00:21:41]: So this is a bitter lesson, a little bit.Gabriel [00:21:45]: There is some aspect of a bitter lesson, but the interesting thing is that it's very far from, you know, being like a simple transformer. This field is one of the, I argue, very few fields in applied machine learning where we still have kind of architecture that are very specialized. And, you know, there are many people that have tried to replace these architectures with, you know, simple transformers. And, you know, there is a lot of debate in the field, but I think kind of that most of the consensus is that, you know, the performance... that we get from the specialized architecture is vastly superior than what we get through a single transformer. Another interesting thing that I think on the staying on the modeling machine learning side, which I think it's somewhat counterintuitive seeing some of the other kind of fields and applications is that scaling hasn't really worked kind of the same in this field. Now, you know, models like AlphaFold2 and AlphaFold3 are, you know, still very large models.RJ [00:29:14]: in a place, I think, where we had, you know, some experience working in, you know, with the data and working with this type of models. And I think that put us already in like a good place to, you know, to produce it quickly. And, you know, and I would even say, like, I think we could have done it quicker. The problem was like, for a while, we didn't really have the compute. And so we couldn't really train the model. And actually, we only trained the big model once. That's how much compute we had. We could only train it once. And so like, while the model was training, we were like, finding bugs left and right. A lot of them that I wrote. And like, I remember like, I was like, sort of like, you know, doing like, surgery in the middle, like stopping the run, making the fix, like relaunching. And yeah, we never actually went back to the start. We just like kept training it with like the bug fixes along the way, which was impossible to reproduce now. Yeah, yeah, no, that model is like, has gone through such a curriculum that, you know, learned some weird stuff. But yeah, somehow by miracle, it worked out.Gabriel [00:30:13]: The other funny thing is that the way that we were training, most of that model was through a cluster from the Department of Energy. But that's sort of like a shared cluster that many groups use. And so we were basically training the model for two days, and then it would go back to the queue and stay a week in the queue. Oh, yeah. And so it was pretty painful. And so we actually kind of towards the end with Evan, the CEO of Genesis, and basically, you know, I was telling him a bit about the project and, you know, kind of telling him about this frustration with the compute. And so luckily, you know, he offered to kind of help. And so we, we got the help from Genesis to, you know, finish up the model. Otherwise, it probably would have taken a couple of extra weeks.Brandon [00:30:57]: Yeah, yeah.Brandon [00:31:02]: And then, and then there's some progression from there.Gabriel [00:31:06]: Yeah, so I would say kind of that, both one, but also kind of these other kind of set of models that came around the same time, were kind of approaching were a big leap from, you know, kind of the previous kind of open source models, and, you know, kind of really kind of approaching the level of AlphaVault 3. But I would still say that, you know, even to this day, there are, you know, some... specific instances where AlphaVault 3 works better. I think one common example is antibody antigen prediction, where, you know, AlphaVault 3 still seems to have an edge in many situations. Obviously, these are somewhat different models. They are, you know, you run them, you obtain different results. So it's, it's not always the case that one model is better than the other, but kind of in aggregate, we still, especially at the time.Brandon [00:32:00]: So AlphaVault 3 is, you know, still having a bit of an edge. We should talk about this more when we talk about Boltzgen, but like, how do you know one is, one model is better than the other? Like you, so you, I make a prediction, you make a prediction, like, how do you know?Gabriel [00:32:11]: Yeah, so easily, you know, the, the great thing about kind of structural prediction and, you know, once we're going to go into the design space of designing new small molecule, new proteins, this becomes a lot more complex. But a great thing about structural prediction is that a bit like, you know, CASP was doing, basically the way that you can evaluate them is that, you know, you train... You know, you train a model on a structure that was, you know, released across the field up until a certain time. And, you know, one of the things that we didn't talk about that was really critical in all this development is the PDB, which is the Protein Data Bank. It's this common resources, basically common database where every biologist publishes their structures. And so we can, you know, train on, you know, all the structures that were put in the PDB until a certain date. And then... And then we basically look for recent structures, okay, which structures look pretty different from anything that was published before, because we really want to try to understand generalization.Brandon [00:33:13]: And then on this new structure, we evaluate all these different models. And so you just know when AlphaFold3 was trained, you know, when you're, you intentionally trained to the same date or something like that. Exactly. Right. Yeah.Gabriel [00:33:24]: And so this is kind of the way that you can somewhat easily kind of compare these models, obviously, that assumes that, you know, the training. You've always been very passionate about validation. I remember like DiffDoc, and then there was like DiffDocL and DocGen. You've thought very carefully about this in the past. Like, actually, I think DocGen is like a really funny story that I think, I don't know if you want to talk about that. It's an interesting like... Yeah, I think one of the amazing things about putting things open source is that we get a ton of feedback from the field. And, you know, sometimes we get kind of great feedback of people. Really like... But honestly, most of the times, you know, to be honest, that's also maybe the most useful feedback is, you know, people sharing about where it doesn't work. And so, you know, at the end of the day, it's critical. And this is also something, you know, across other fields of machine learning. It's always critical to set, to do progress in machine learning, set clear benchmarks. And as, you know, you start doing progress of certain benchmarks, then, you know, you need to improve the benchmarks and make them harder and harder. And this is kind of the progression of, you know, how the field operates. And so, you know, the example of DocGen was, you know, we published this initial model called DiffDoc in my first year of PhD, which was sort of like, you know, one of the early models to try to predict kind of interactions between proteins, small molecules, that we bought a year after AlphaFold2 was published. And now, on the one hand, you know, on these benchmarks that we were using at the time, DiffDoc was doing really well, kind of, you know, outperforming kind of some of the traditional physics-based methods. But on the other hand, you know, when we started, you know, kind of giving these tools to kind of many biologists, and one example was that we collaborated with was the group of Nick Polizzi at Harvard. We noticed, started noticing that there was this clear, pattern where four proteins that were very different from the ones that we're trained on, the models was, was struggling. And so, you know, that seemed clear that, you know, this is probably kind of where we should, you know, put our focus on. And so we first developed, you know, with Nick and his group, a new benchmark, and then, you know, went after and said, okay, what can we change? And kind of about the current architecture to improve this pattern and generalization. And this is the same that, you know, we're still doing today, you know, kind of, where does the model not work, you know, and then, you know, once we have that benchmark, you know, let's try to, through everything we, any ideas that we have of the problem.RJ [00:36:15]: And there's a lot of like healthy skepticism in the field, which I think, you know, is, is, is great. And I think, you know, it's very clear that there's a ton of things, the models don't really work well on, but I think one thing that's probably, you know, undeniable is just like the pace of, pace of progress, you know, and how, how much better we're getting, you know, every year. And so I think if you, you know, if you assume, you know, any constant, you know, rate of progress moving forward, I think things are going to look pretty cool at some point in the future.Gabriel [00:36:42]: ChatGPT was only three years ago. Yeah, I mean, it's wild, right?RJ [00:36:45]: Like, yeah, yeah, yeah, it's one of those things. Like, you've been doing this. Being in the field, you don't see it coming, you know? And like, I think, yeah, hopefully we'll, you know, we'll, we'll continue to have as much progress we've had the past few years.Brandon [00:36:55]: So this is maybe an aside, but I'm really curious, you get this great feedback from the, from the community, right? By being open source. My question is partly like, okay, yeah, if you open source and everyone can copy what you did, but it's also maybe balancing priorities, right? Where you, like all my customers are saying. I want this, there's all these problems with the model. Yeah, yeah. But my customers don't care, right? So like, how do you, how do you think about that? Yeah.Gabriel [00:37:26]: So I would say a couple of things. One is, you know, part of our goal with Bolts and, you know, this is also kind of established as kind of the mission of the public benefit company that we started is to democratize the access to these tools. But one of the reasons why we realized that Bolts needed to be a company, it couldn't just be an academic project is that putting a model on GitHub is definitely not enough to get, you know, chemists and biologists, you know, across, you know, both academia, biotech and pharma to use your model to, in their therapeutic programs. And so a lot of what we think about, you know, at Bolts beyond kind of the, just the models is thinking about all the layers. The layers that come on top of the models to get, you know, from, you know, those models to something that can really enable scientists in the industry. And so that goes, you know, into building kind of the right kind of workflows that take in kind of, for example, the data and try to answer kind of directly that those problems that, you know, the chemists and the biologists are asking, and then also kind of building the infrastructure. And so this to say that, you know, even with models fully open. You know, we see a ton of potential for, you know, products in the space and the critical part about a product is that even, you know, for example, with an open source model, you know, running the model is not free, you know, as we were saying, these are pretty expensive model and especially, and maybe we'll get into this, you know, these days we're seeing kind of pretty dramatic inference time scaling of these models where, you know, the more you run them, the better the results are. But there, you know, you see. You start getting into a point that compute and compute costs becomes a critical factor. And so putting a lot of work into building the right kind of infrastructure, building the optimizations and so on really allows us to provide, you know, a much better service potentially to the open source models. That to say, you know, even though, you know, with a product, we can provide a much better service. I do still think, and we will continue to put a lot of our models open source because the critical kind of role. I think of open source. Models is, you know, helping kind of the community progress on the research and, you know, from which we, we all benefit. And so, you know, we'll continue to on the one hand, you know, put some of our kind of base models open source so that the field can, can be on top of it. And, you know, as we discussed earlier, we learn a ton from, you know, the way that the field uses and builds on top of our models, but then, you know, try to build a product that gives the best experience possible to scientists. So that, you know, like a chemist or a biologist doesn't need to, you know, spin off a GPU and, you know, set up, you know, our open source model in a particular way, but can just, you know, a bit like, you know, I, even though I am a computer scientist, machine learning scientist, I don't necessarily, you know, take a open source LLM and try to kind of spin it off. But, you know, I just maybe open a GPT app or a cloud code and just use it as an amazing product. We kind of want to give the same experience. So this front world.Brandon [00:40:40]: I heard a good analogy yesterday that a surgeon doesn't want the hospital to design a scalpel, right?Brandon [00:40:48]: So just buy the scalpel.RJ [00:40:50]: You wouldn't believe like the number of people, even like in my short time, you know, between AlphaFold3 coming out and the end of the PhD, like the number of people that would like reach out just for like us to like run AlphaFold3 for them, you know, or things like that. Just because like, you know, bolts in our case, you know, just because it's like. It's like not that easy, you know, to do that, you know, if you're not a computational person. And I think like part of the goal here is also that, you know, we continue to obviously build the interface with computational folks, but that, you know, the models are also accessible to like a larger, broader audience. And then that comes from like, you know, good interfaces and stuff like that.Gabriel [00:41:27]: I think one like really interesting thing about bolts is that with the release of it, you didn't just release a model, but you created a community. Yeah. Did that community, it grew very quickly. Did that surprise you? And like, what is the evolution of that community and how is that fed into bolts?RJ [00:41:43]: If you look at its growth, it's like very much like when we release a new model, it's like, there's a big, big jump, but yeah, it's, I mean, it's been great. You know, we have a Slack community that has like thousands of people on it. And it's actually like self-sustaining now, which is like the really nice part because, you know, it's, it's almost overwhelming, I think, you know, to be able to like answer everyone's questions and help. It's really difficult, you know. The, the few people that we were, but it ended up that like, you know, people would answer each other's questions and like, sort of like, you know, help one another. And so the Slack, you know, has been like kind of, yeah, self, self-sustaining and that's been, it's been really cool to see.RJ [00:42:21]: And, you know, that's, that's for like the Slack part, but then also obviously on GitHub as well. We've had like a nice, nice community. You know, I think we also aspire to be even more active on it, you know, than we've been in the past six months, which has been like a bit challenging, you know, for us. But. Yeah, the community has been, has been really great and, you know, there's a lot of papers also that have come out with like new evolutions on top of bolts and it's surprised us to some degree because like there's a lot of models out there. And I think like, you know, sort of people converging on that was, was really cool. And, you know, I think it speaks also, I think, to the importance of like, you know, when, when you put code out, like to try to put a lot of emphasis and like making it like as easy to use as possible and something we thought a lot about when we released the code base. You know, it's far from perfect, but, you know.Brandon [00:43:07]: Do you think that that was one of the factors that caused your community to grow is just the focus on easy to use, make it accessible? I think so.RJ [00:43:14]: Yeah. And we've, we've heard it from a few people over the, over the, over the years now. And, you know, and some people still think it should be a lot nicer and they're, and they're right. And they're right. But yeah, I think it was, you know, at the time, maybe a little bit easier than, than other things.Gabriel [00:43:29]: The other thing part, I think led to, to the community and to some extent, I think, you know, like the somewhat the trust in the community. Kind of what we, what we put out is the fact that, you know, it's not really been kind of, you know, one model, but, and maybe we'll talk about it, you know, after Boltz 1, you know, there were maybe another couple of models kind of released, you know, or open source kind of soon after. We kind of continued kind of that open source journey or at least Boltz 2, where we are not only improving kind of structure prediction, but also starting to do affinity predictions, understanding kind of the strength of the interactions between these different models, which is this critical component. critical property that you often want to optimize in discovery programs. And then, you know, more recently also kind of protein design model. And so we've sort of been building this suite of, of models that come together, interact with one another, where, you know, kind of, there is almost an expectation that, you know, we, we take very at heart of, you know, always having kind of, you know, across kind of the entire suite of different tasks, the best or across the best. model out there so that it's sort of like our open source tool can be kind of the go-to model for everybody in the, in the industry. I really want to talk about Boltz 2, but before that, one last question in this direction, was there anything about the community which surprised you? Were there any, like, someone was doing something and you're like, why would you do that? That's crazy. Or that's actually genius. And I never would have thought about that.RJ [00:45:01]: I mean, we've had many contributions. I think like some of the. Interesting ones, like, I mean, we had, you know, this one individual who like wrote like a complex GPU kernel, you know, for part of the architecture on a piece of, the funny thing is like that piece of the architecture had been there since AlphaFold 2, and I don't know why it took Boltz for this, you know, for this person to, you know, to decide to do it, but that was like a really great contribution. We've had a bunch of others, like, you know, people figuring out like ways to, you know, hack the model to do something. They click peptides, like, you know, there's, I don't know if there's any other interesting ones come to mind.Gabriel [00:45:41]: One cool one, and this was, you know, something that initially was proposed as, you know, as a message in the Slack channel by Tim O'Donnell was basically, he was, you know, there are some cases, especially, for example, we discussed, you know, antibody-antigen interactions where the models don't necessarily kind of get the right answer. What he noticed is that, you know, the models were somewhat stuck into predicting kind of the antibodies. And so he basically ran the experiments in this model, you can condition, basically, you can give hints. And so he basically gave, you know, random hints to the model, basically, okay, you should bind to this residue, you should bind to the first residue, or you should bind to the 11th residue, or you should bind to the 21st residue, you know, basically every 10 residues scanning the entire antigen.Brandon [00:46:33]: Residues are the...Gabriel [00:46:34]: The amino acids. The amino acids, yeah. So the first amino acids. The 11 amino acids, and so on. So it's sort of like doing a scan, and then, you know, conditioning the model to predict all of them, and then looking at the confidence of the model in each of those cases and taking the top. And so it's sort of like a very somewhat crude way of doing kind of inference time search. But surprisingly, you know, for antibody-antigen prediction, it actually kind of helped quite a bit. And so there's some, you know, interesting ideas that, you know, obviously, as kind of developing the model, you say kind of, you know, wow. This is why would the model, you know, be so dumb. But, you know, it's very interesting. And that, you know, leads you to also kind of, you know, start thinking about, okay, how do I, can I do this, you know, not with this brute force, but, you know, in a smarter way.RJ [00:47:22]: And so we've also done a lot of work on that direction. And that speaks to, like, the, you know, the power of scoring. We're seeing that a lot. I'm sure we'll talk about it more when we talk about BullsGen. But, you know, our ability to, like, take a structure and determine that that structure is, like... Good. You know, like, somewhat accurate. Whether that's a single chain or, like, an interaction is a really powerful way of improving, you know, the models. Like, sort of like, you know, if you can sample a ton and you assume that, like, you know, if you sample enough, you're likely to have, like, you know, the good structure. Then it really just becomes a ranking problem. And, you know, now we're, you know, part of the inference time scaling that Gabby was talking about is very much that. It's like, you know, the more we sample, the more we, like, you know, the ranking model. The ranking model ends up finding something it really likes. And so I think our ability to get better at ranking, I think, is also what's going to enable sort of the next, you know, next big, big breakthroughs. Interesting.Brandon [00:48:17]: But I guess there's a, my understanding, there's a diffusion model and you generate some stuff and then you, I guess, it's just what you said, right? Then you rank it using a score and then you finally... And so, like, can you talk about those different parts? Yeah.Gabriel [00:48:34]: So, first of all, like, the... One of the critical kind of, you know, beliefs that we had, you know, also when we started working on Boltz 1 was sort of like the structure prediction models are somewhat, you know, our field version of some foundation models, you know, learning about kind of how proteins and other molecules interact. And then we can leverage that learning to do all sorts of other things. And so with Boltz 2, we leverage that learning to do affinity predictions. So understanding kind of, you know, if I give you this protein, this molecule. How tightly is that interaction? For Boltz 1, what we did was taking kind of that kind of foundation models and then fine tune it to predict kind of entire new proteins. And so the way basically that that works is sort of like instead of for the protein that you're designing, instead of fitting in an actual sequence, you fit in a set of blank tokens. And you train the models to, you know, predict both the structure of kind of that protein. The structure also, what the different amino acids of that proteins are. And so basically the way that Boltz 1 operates is that you feed a target protein that you may want to kind of bind to or, you know, another DNA, RNA. And then you feed the high level kind of design specification of, you know, what you want your new protein to be. For example, it could be like an antibody with a particular framework. It could be a peptide. It could be many other things. And that's with natural language or? And that's, you know, basically, you know, prompting. And we have kind of this sort of like spec that you specify. And, you know, you feed kind of this spec to the model. And then the model translates this into, you know, a set of, you know, tokens, a set of conditioning to the model, a set of, you know, blank tokens. And then, you know, basically the codes as part of the diffusion models, the codes. It's a new structure and a new sequence for your protein. And, you know, basically, then we take that. And as Jeremy was saying, we are trying to score it and, you know, how good of a binder it is to that original target.Brandon [00:50:51]: You're using basically Boltz to predict the folding and the affinity to that molecule. So and then that kind of gives you a score? Exactly.Gabriel [00:51:03]: So you use this model to predict the folding. And then you do two things. One is that you predict the structure and with something like Boltz2, and then you basically compare that structure with what the model predicted, what Boltz2 predicted. And this is sort of like in the field called consistency. It's basically you want to make sure that, you know, the structure that you're predicting is actually what you're trying to design. And that gives you a much better confidence that, you know, that's a good design. And so that's the first filtering. And the second filtering that we did as part of kind of the Boltz2 pipeline that was released is that we look at the confidence that the model has in the structure. Now, unfortunately, kind of going to your question of, you know, predicting affinity, unfortunately, confidence is not a very good predictor of affinity. And so one of the things that we've actually done a ton of progress, you know, since we released Boltz2.Brandon [00:52:03]: And kind of we have some new results that we are going to kind of announce soon is kind of, you know, the ability to get much better hit rates when instead of, you know, trying to rely on confidence of the model, we are actually directly trying to predict the affinity of that interaction. Okay. Just backing up a minute. So your diffusion model actually predicts not only the protein sequence, but also the folding of it. Exactly.Gabriel [00:52:32]: And actually, you can... One of the big different things that we did compared to other models in the space, and, you know, there were some papers that had already kind of done this before, but we really scaled it up was, you know, basically somewhat merging kind of the structure prediction and the sequence prediction into almost the same task. And so the way that Boltz2 works is that you are basically the only thing that you're doing is predicting the structure. So the only sort of... Supervision is we give you a supervision on the structure, but because the structure is atomic and, you know, the different amino acids have a different atomic composition, basically from the way that you place the atoms, we also understand not only kind of the structure that you wanted, but also the identity of the amino acid that, you know, the models believed was there. And so we've basically, instead of, you know, having these two supervision signals, you know, one discrete, one continuous. That somewhat, you know, don't interact well together. We sort of like build kind of like an encoding of, you know, sequences in structures that allows us to basically use exactly the same supervision signal that we were using to Boltz2 that, you know, you know, largely similar to what AlphaVol3 proposed, which is very scalable. And we can use that to design new proteins. Oh, interesting.RJ [00:53:58]: Maybe a quick shout out to Hannes Stark on our team who like did all this work. Yeah.Gabriel [00:54:04]: Yeah, that was a really cool idea. I mean, like looking at the paper and there's this is like encoding or you just add a bunch of, I guess, kind of atoms, which can be anything, and then they get sort of rearranged and then basically plopped on top of each other so that and then that encodes what the amino acid is. And there's sort of like a unique way of doing this. It was that was like such a really such a cool, fun idea.RJ [00:54:29]: I think that idea was had existed before. Yeah, there were a couple of papers.Gabriel [00:54:33]: Yeah, I had proposed this and and Hannes really took it to the large scale.Brandon [00:54:39]: In the paper, a lot of the paper for Boltz2Gen is dedicated to actually the validation of the model. In my opinion, all the people we basically talk about feel that this sort of like in the wet lab or whatever the appropriate, you know, sort of like in real world validation is the whole problem or not the whole problem, but a big giant part of the problem. So can you talk a little bit about the highlights? From there, that really because to me, the results are impressive, both from the perspective of the, you know, the model and also just the effort that went into the validation by a large team.Gabriel [00:55:18]: First of all, I think I should start saying is that both when we were at MIT and Thomas Yacolas and Regina Barzillai's lab, as well as at Boltz, you know, we are not a we're not a biolab and, you know, we are not a therapeutic company. And so to some extent, you know, we were first forced to, you know, look outside of, you know, our group, our team to do the experimental validation. One of the things that really, Hannes, in the team pioneer was the idea, OK, can we go not only to, you know, maybe a specific group and, you know, trying to find a specific system and, you know, maybe overfit a bit to that system and trying to validate. But how can we test this model? So. Across a very wide variety of different settings so that, you know, anyone in the field and, you know, printing design is, you know, such a kind of wide task with all sorts of different applications from therapeutic to, you know, biosensors and many others that, you know, so can we get a validation that is kind of goes across many different tasks? And so he basically put together, you know, I think it was something like, you know, 25 different. You know, academic and industry labs that committed to, you know, testing some of the designs from the model and some of this testing is still ongoing and, you know, giving results kind of back to us in exchange for, you know, hopefully getting some, you know, new great sequences for their task. And he was able to, you know, coordinate this, you know, very wide set of, you know, scientists and already in the paper, I think we. Shared results from, I think, eight to 10 different labs kind of showing results from, you know, designing peptides, designing to target, you know, ordered proteins, peptides targeting disordered proteins, which are results, you know, of designing proteins that bind to small molecules, which are results of, you know, designing nanobodies and across a wide variety of different targets. And so that's sort of like. That gave to the paper a lot of, you know, validation to the model, a lot of validation that was kind of wide.Brandon [00:57:39]: And so those would be therapeutics for those animals or are they relevant to humans as well? They're relevant to humans as well.Gabriel [00:57:45]: Obviously, you need to do some work into, quote unquote, humanizing them, making sure that, you know, they have the right characteristics to so they're not toxic to humans and so on.RJ [00:57:57]: There are some approved medicine in the market that are nanobodies. There's a general. General pattern, I think, in like in trying to design things that are smaller, you know, like it's easier to manufacture at the same time, like that comes with like potentially other challenges, like maybe a little bit less selectivity than like if you have something that has like more hands, you know, but the yeah, there's this big desire to, you know, try to design many proteins, nanobodies, small peptides, you know, that just are just great drug modalities.Brandon [00:58:27]: Okay. I think we were left off. We were talking about validation. Validation in the lab. And I was very excited about seeing like all the diverse validations that you've done. Can you go into some more detail about them? Yeah. Specific ones. Yeah.RJ [00:58:43]: The nanobody one. I think we did. What was it? 15 targets. Is that correct? 14. 14 targets. Testing. So we typically the way this works is like we make a lot of designs. All right. On the order of like tens of thousands. And then we like rank them and we pick like the top. And in this case, and was 15 right for each target and then we like measure sort of like the success rates, both like how many targets we were able to get a binder for and then also like more generally, like out of all of the binders that we designed, how many actually proved to be good binders. Some of the other ones I think involved like, yeah, like we had a cool one where there was a small molecule or design a protein that binds to it. That has a lot of like interesting applications, you know, for example. Like Gabri mentioned, like biosensing and things like that, which is pretty cool. We had a disordered protein, I think you mentioned also. And yeah, I think some of those were some of the highlights. Yeah.Gabriel [00:59:44]: So I would say that the way that we structure kind of some of those validations was on the one end, we have validations across a whole set of different problems that, you know, the biologists that we were working with came to us with. So we were trying to. For example, in some of the experiments, design peptides that would target the RACC, which is a target that is involved in metabolism. And we had, you know, a number of other applications where we were trying to design, you know, peptides or other modalities against some other therapeutic relevant targets. We designed some proteins to bind small molecules. And then some of the other testing that we did was really trying to get like a more broader sense. So how does the model work, especially when tested, you know, on somewhat generalization? So one of the things that, you know, we found with the field was that a lot of the validation, especially outside of the validation that was on specific problems, was done on targets that have a lot of, you know, known interactions in the training data. And so it's always a bit hard to understand, you know, how much are these models really just regurgitating kind of what they've seen or trying to imitate. What they've seen in the training data versus, you know, really be able to design new proteins. And so one of the experiments that we did was to take nine targets from the PDB, filtering to things where there is no known interaction in the PDB. So basically the model has never seen kind of this particular protein bound or a similar protein bound to another protein. So there is no way that. The model from its training set can sort of like say, okay, I'm just going to kind of tweak something and just imitate this particular kind of interaction. And so we took those nine proteins. We worked with adaptive CRO and basically tested, you know, 15 mini proteins and 15 nanobodies against each one of them. And the very cool thing that we saw was that on two thirds of those targets, we were able to, from this 15 design, get nanomolar binders, nanomolar, roughly speaking, just a measure of, you know, how strongly kind of the interaction is, roughly speaking, kind of like a nanomolar binder is approximately the kind of binding strength or binding that you need for a therapeutic. Yeah. So maybe switching directions a bit. Bolt's lab was just announced this week or was it last week? Yeah. This is like your. First, I guess, product, if that's if you want to call it that. Can you talk about what Bolt's lab is and yeah, you know, what you hope that people take away from this? Yeah.RJ [01:02:44]: You know, as we mentioned, like I think at the very beginning is the goal with the product has been to, you know, address what the models don't on their own. And there's largely sort of two categories there. I'll split it in three. The first one. It's one thing to predict, you know, a single interaction, for example, like a single structure. It's another to like, you know, very effectively search a space, a design space to produce something of value. What we found, like sort of building on this product is that there's a lot of steps involved, you know, in that there's certainly need to like, you know, accompany the user through, you know, one of those steps, for example, is like, you know, the creation of the target itself. You know, how do we make sure that the model has like a good enough understanding of the target? So we can like design something and there's all sorts of tricks, you know, that you can do to improve like a particular, you know, structure prediction. And so that's sort of like, you know, the first stage. And then there's like this stage of like, you know, designing and searching the space efficiently. You know, for something like BullsGen, for example, like you, you know, you design many things and then you rank them, for example, for small molecule process, a little bit more complicated. We actually need to also make sure that the molecules are synthesizable. And so the way we do that is that, you know, we have a generative model that learns. To use like appropriate building blocks such that, you know, it can design within a space that we know is like synthesizable. And so there's like, you know, this whole pipeline really of different models involved in being able to design a molecule. And so that's been sort of like the first thing we call them agents. We have a protein agent and we have a small molecule design agents. And that's really like at the core of like what powers, you know, the BullsLab platform.Brandon [01:04:22]: So these agents, are they like a language model wrapper or they're just like your models and you're just calling them agents? A lot. Yeah. Because they, they, they sort of perform a function on behalf of.RJ [01:04:33]: They're more of like a, you know, a recipe, if you wish. And I think we use that term sort of because of, you know, sort of the complex pipelining and automation, you know, that goes into like all this plumbing. So that's the first part of the product. The second part is the infrastructure. You know, we need to be able to do this at very large scale for any one, you know, group that's doing a design campaign. Let's say you're designing, you know, I'd say a hundred thousand possible candidates. Right. To find the good one that is, you know, a very large amount of compute, you know, for small molecules, it's on the order of like a few seconds per designs for proteins can be a bit longer. And so, you know, ideally you want to do that in parallel, otherwise it's going to take you weeks. And so, you know, we've put a lot of effort into like, you know, our ability to have a GPU fleet that allows any one user, you know, to be able to do this kind of like large parallel search.Brandon [01:05:23]: So you're amortizing the cost over your users. Exactly. Exactly.RJ [01:05:27]: And, you know, to some degree, like it's whether you. Use 10,000 GPUs for like, you know, a minute is the same cost as using, you know, one GPUs for God knows how long. Right. So you might as well try to parallelize if you can. So, you know, a lot of work has gone, has gone into that, making it very robust, you know, so that we can have like a lot of people on the platform doing that at the same time. And the third one is, is the interface and the interface comes in, in two shapes. One is in form of an API and that's, you know, really suited for companies that want to integrate, you know, these pipelines, these agents.RJ [01:06:01]: So we're already partnering with, you know, a few distributors, you know, that are gonna integrate our API. And then the second part is the user interface. And, you know, we, we've put a lot of thoughts also into that. And this is when I, I mentioned earlier, you know, this idea of like broadening the audience. That's kind of what the, the user interface is about. And we've built a lot of interesting features in it, you know, for example, for collaboration, you know, when you have like potentially multiple medicinal chemists or. We're going through the results and trying to pick out, okay, like what are the molecules that we're going to go and test in the lab? It's powerful for them to be able to, you know, for example, each provide their own ranking and then do consensus building. And so there's a lot of features around launching these large jobs, but also around like collaborating on analyzing the results that we try to solve, you know, with that part of the platform. So Bolt's lab is sort of a combination of these three objectives into like one, you know, sort of cohesive platform. Who is this accessible to? Everyone. You do need to request access today. We're still like, you know, sort of ramping up the usage, but anyone can request access. If you are an academic in particular, we, you know, we provide a fair amount of free credit so you can play with the platform. If you are a startup or biotech, you may also, you know, reach out and we'll typically like actually hop on a call just to like understand what you're trying to do and also provide a lot of free credit to get started. And of course, also with larger companies, we can deploy this platform in a more like secure environment. And so that's like more like customizing. You know, deals that we make, you know, with the partners, you know, and that's sort of the ethos of Bolt. I think this idea of like servicing everyone and not necessarily like going after just, you know, the really large enterprises. And that starts from the open source, but it's also, you know, a key design principle of the product itself.Gabriel [01:07:48]: One thing I was thinking about with regards to infrastructure, like in the LLM space, you know, the cost of a token has gone down by I think a factor of a thousand or so over the last three years, right? Yeah. And is it possible that like essentially you can exploit economies of scale and infrastructure that you can make it cheaper to run these things yourself than for any person to roll their own system? A hundred percent. Yeah.RJ [01:08:08]: I mean, we're already there, you know, like running Bolts on our platform, especially on a large screen is like considerably cheaper than it would probably take anyone to put the open source model out there and run it. And on top of the infrastructure, like one of the things that we've been working on is accelerating the models. So, you know. Our small molecule screening pipeline is 10x faster on Bolts Lab than it is in the open source, you know, and that's also part of like, you know, building a product, you know, of something that scales really well. And we really wanted to get to a point where like, you know, we could keep prices very low in a way that it would be a no-brainer, you know, to use Bolts through our platform.Gabriel [01:08:52]: How do you think about validation of your like agentic systems? Because, you know, as you were saying earlier. Like we're AlphaFold style models are really good at, let's say, monomeric, you know, proteins where you have, you know, co-evolution data. But now suddenly the whole point of this is to design something which doesn't have, you know, co-evolution data, something which is really novel. So now you're basically leaving the domain that you thought was, you know, that you know you are good at. So like, how do you validate that?RJ [01:09:22]: Yeah, I like every complete, but there's obviously, you know, a ton of computational metrics. That we rely on, but those are only take you so far. You really got to go to the lab, you know, and test, you know, okay, with this method A and this method B, how much better are we? You know, how much better is my, my hit rate? How stronger are my binders? Also, it's not just about hit rate. It's also about how good the binders are. And there's really like no way, nowhere around that. I think we're, you know, we've really ramped up the amount of experimental validation that we do so that we like really track progress, you know, as scientifically sound, you know. Yeah. As, as possible out of this, I think.Gabriel [01:10:00]: Yeah, no, I think, you know, one thing that is unique about us and maybe companies like us is that because we're not working on like maybe a couple of therapeutic pipelines where, you know, our validation would be focused on those. We, when we do an experimental validation, we try to test it across tens of targets. And so that on the one end, we can get a much more statistically significant result and, and really allows us to make progress. From the methodological side without being, you know, steered by, you know, overfitting on any one particular system. And of course we choose, you know, w

This week on DanceSpeak, I sit down with Brian 'Footwork' Green, a master teacher and influential figure in street and club dance culture whose impact spans generations. Recorded live in August 2025, this episode captures Brian's unfiltered thoughts on musicality, lineage, and what often gets misunderstood about street dance. We explore competition versus convention culture, the realities of the dance economy, and the difference between who you are and the artistic name you move under. Brian speaks honestly about off-beat dancing, “auto-tuned” movement, teaching, trends, and what gets lost when dance drifts away from the heart. The conversation also touches on race, representation, and identity in dance spaces—layered, nuanced, and rooted in lived experience rather than soundbites. Insightful, funny, challenging, and deeply grounded in culture, this episode is for dancers who love dance enough to think about it, question it, and keep it alive. Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/gogalit Website – https://www.gogalit.com/ Fit From Home – https://galit-s-school-0397.thinkific.com/courses/fit-from-home You can connect with Brian on Instagram https://www.instagram.com/brianfootworkgreen/. You can purchase Brian's on-line dance classes https://www.theybarelyunderstandhello.com/#classes.

In this episode, host Ken Vinacco interviews Jessica Shurer, CurePSP's Director of Clinical Affairs and Advocacy, to share how the organization is leading initiatives to expand support, outreach, and education for individuals with PSP, MSA and CBS/CBD. The conversation highlights current advocacy efforts, the importance of early recognition, and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration. If you're interested in  elevating care for patients with atypical Parkinsonism, this episode is for you!  For questions about this podcast, please contact neuroddsig@gmail.com.  Show notes available here: https://app.box.com/s/o8b2u47sgoqnj133ky3d93cpo70ge7ab

In this episode of the Elevate Care podcast, Nishan Sivathasan sits down with Eric Wallis, Senior Vice President and System Chief Nursing Officer at Henry Ford Health, to discuss the changes happening in acute care. Henry Ford Health is leading the way by reimagining how care is delivered.Eric dives into the successful implementation of a virtual care model designed to support bedside nurses, reduce burnout, and improve patient outcomes. He shares insights on navigating the change management process, the vital role of listening to frontline staff, and the exciting future of AI in healthcare.About Eric WallisEric Wallis, DNP, MSA, RN, NE-BC, FACHE, was appointed Senior Vice President and System Chief Nursing Officer in December 2021, bringing over 20 years of nursing and healthcare leadership experience. His career began as a bedside nurse and progressed through roles of increasing responsibility in both large academic medical centers and community hospitals, including serving as the President of Henry Ford West Bloomfield Hospital. A transformational leader passionate about improving healthcare delivery, Eric holds degrees from Bowling Green State University, Central Michigan University, and Texas Christian University. He is a fellow of the American College of Healthcare Executives, is certified as a Nurse Executive, and serves on the Michigan Hospital Association Legislative Policy Panel and the Oakland University School of Nursing Board of Visitors.Chapters00:00 – Introduction00:20 – From Bedside to Boardroom03:13 – The Need for a Virtual Care Model06:16 – Designing the Workflow10:22 – Selecting the Right Technology Partner12:11 – Leading Through Change15:07 – Measuring Success18:56 – The Role of AI in HealthcareHenry Ford Health: Henry Ford Health | Henry Ford Health - Detroit, MIAMN Healthcare: amnhealthcare.com Sponsors: We're proudly sponsored by AMN Healthcare, the leader in healthcare staffing and workforce solutions. Explore their services at AMN Healthcare. Learn how AMN Healthcare's workforce flexibility technology helps health systems cut costs and improve efficiency. Click here to explore the case study and discover smarter ways to manage your resources!Discover how WorkWise is redefining workforce management for healthcare. Visit workwise.amnhealthcare.com to learn more.About The Show: Elevate Care delves into the latest trends, thinking, and best practices shaping the landscape of healthcare. From total talent management to solutions and strategies to expand the reach of care, we discuss methods to enable high quality, flexible workforce and care delivery. We will discuss the latest advancements in technology, the impact of emerging models and settings, physical and virtual, and address strategies to identify and obtain an optimal workforce mix. Tune in to gain valuable insights from thought leaders focused on improving healthcare quality, workforce well-being, and patient outcomes. Learn more about the show here. Connect with Our Hosts:Kerry on LinkedInNishan on LinkedInLiz on LinkedIn Find Us On:WebsiteYouTubeSpotifyAppleInstagramLinkedInXFacebook Powered by AMN Healthcare Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

In episode 221, host Galit Friedlander and guest Kim Holmes (widely respected director, choreographer, dance educator) explore the roots of house and hip-hop culture through lived experience, mentorship, and time spent inside New York City's party and club scenes before these styles became widely visible. Kim shares her journey into dance, discovering house at a young age, and learning directly with pioneers like Marjory Smarth during a formative era that shaped how she moves, teaches, and thinks about longevity. Together, Galit and Kim reflect on what it meant to come up in spaces where culture was built in real time—long before social media or conventions—and how being “the it kids” back then came with both opportunity and responsibility. The conversation also moves into technique, recovery, listening to the body, trusting timing, and how mindset and intuition quietly guide long careers in dance. Originally recorded in 2019, this episode feels especially relevant today as dancers revisit foundations, lineage, and what it truly means to sustain a life in dance beyond trends. Follow Galit: Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/gogalit Website – https://www.gogalit.com/ Fit From Home – https://galit-s-school-0397.thinkific.com/courses/fit-from-home You can connect with Kim Holmes on Instagram https://www.instagram.com/kimd.holmes. Listen to DanceSpeak on Apple Podcasts and Spotify.

Patients with Parkinson disease and other movement disorders have significant palliative care needs that are poorly met under traditional models of care. Clinical trials demonstrate that specialist palliative care can improve many patient and family outcomes. In this episode, Aaron Berkowitz, MD, PhD, FAAN, speaks with Benzi M. Kluger, MD, MS, FAAN, author of the article "Neuropalliative Care in Movement Disorders" in the Continuum® December 2025 Neuropalliative Care issue. Dr. Berkowitz is a Continuum® Audio interviewer and a professor of neurology at the University of California San Francisco in the Department of Neurology in San Francisco, California. Dr. Kluger is the Julius, Helen, and Robert Fine Distinguished Professor of Neurology in the Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Palliative Care) at the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York. Additional Resources Read the article: Neuropalliative Care in Movement Disorders Subscribe to Continuum®: shop.lww.com/Continuum Earn CME (available only to AAN members): continpub.com/AudioCME Continuum® Aloud (verbatim audio-book style recordings of articles available only to Continuum® subscribers): continpub.com/Aloud More about the American Academy of Neurology: aan.com Social Media facebook.com/continuumcme @ContinuumAAN Host: @AaronLBerkowitz Guest: @BenziKluger Full episode transcript available here Dr Jones: This is Dr Lyell Jones, Editor-in-Chief of Continuum. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio. Be sure to visit the links in the episode notes for information about earning CME, subscribing to the journal, and exclusive access to interviews not featured on the podcast. Dr Berkowitz: This is Dr Aaron Berkowitz, and today I'm interviewing Dr Benzi Kluger about his article on neuropalliative care in Parkinson disease and related movement disorders, which is found in the December 2025 Continuum issue on neuropalliative care. Welcome to the podcast, Dr Kluger, and could you please introduce yourself to our audience? Dr Kluger: I'm Benzi Kluger. I'm a professor of neurology and palliative medicine at the University of Rochester. I'm the chief of our neuropalliative care service, I'm the director of our Palliative Care Research Center, and I'm also the founding president of the International Neuropalliative Care Society. Dr Berkowitz: Wow, that is a large number of hats that you wear in a very important area of palliative care. So, your article is a fantastic article that covers a lot of concepts in palliative care that I myself was not familiar with and really applies them in a very nuanced way to patients with Parkinson's disease and related disorders. So, I'm looking forward to learning from you today to discuss some of the concepts you talk about in the article and how you apply them in your daily practice of palliative care in this particular patient population. So, one of the key points in your article is that we're often so focused on treating the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and other degenerative movement disorders that we are often at risk of underdiagnosing and undertreating the nonmotor symptoms, which in some cases, as you mentioned in the article, are more disabling to the patient than the motor symptoms that we tend to focus on. So, from a palliative care perspective, what are some of the nonmotor symptoms that you find tend to be underdiagnosed and undertreated in this patient population? Dr Kluger: The literature suggests---and we've replicated it, actually, Lisa Schulman published a paper twenty-five years ago and the data is almost exactly the same when it comes to things like depression, pain, fatigue, constipation, sleep---that you miss it about 50% of the time. And there's a number of reasons for that. One is that these are subjects that people don't always like to talk about. People don't like talking about depression. People don't like talking about poop and constipation. And I think there are things that neither the patient or the caregiver nor the physician are necessarily comfortable with. And they're also sometimes confusing of, which doctor should I talk to this about? Should I talk to my primary care doctor, should I talk to my neurologist? And so I think the key here is really having a checklist and being proactive about it. In the article, I suggest a template or previsit questionnaire that you can use, but I think it's just about being automatic about it. And it just takes the burden off of the patient and the family to bring them up and letting them know that this is a safe space and this is the right space to talk about these symptoms. Dr Berkowitz: That's very helpful to know. So, having some type of checklist or template just so we go all through them and, as you said, it sort of destigmatizes, just, this is the list of things, and I'm going to just ask about all of them. So we check in on those particular symptoms, whether they're present or not. Are there any particular symptoms that jump out to you as ones that tend to be missed---either because we don't ask about them or patients are less comfortable mentioning them---that in your practice, when you've elicited them, have allowed for particular intervention that's really improved the quality of life for patients in this group? Dr Kluger: Yeah, I'll mention a few that I think come up and are very pertinent. One is mood. And, to use depression---but we could also use anxiety as an example---again, these are topics that people don't always want to talk about. And I think it's important---we may get to this a little bit more later---is being careful to distinguish between depression and grief, sadness, normal worry, frustration. A lot of times the way I'll ask that when I'm talking to a patient is, you know, I hear you're using the word depressed. I want to make sure. does this feel to you like normal sadness given that you have an illness that sucks, or does this really feel like it's above and beyond that and you feel like you'd need a little extra help to get your emotions under control? The second one, which is kind of related, is other behavioral symptoms, including PD psychosis and hallucinations. And there, I think, the thing is that people are quite frankly afraid that they're losing their mind or going insane. So, I think that's another critical one. And then one that, you know, it's kind of a low-hanging fruit but people don't want to talk about, is constipation. And when we did our large randomized control trial of palliative care, our single biggest effect size was actually that we did a better job of treating constipation than usual care. And I think the only trick there is that we asked about it. Dr Berkowitz: I see. So, do you then as part of your routine practice and seeing these patients with Parkinson's disease in particular, you have a particular checklist you go through during the appointment or, as you mentioned, you- one could do it before the appointment. But you tend to go through this in the visit, and is there any palliative care wisdom you have for us, those who are not trained in palliative care, to making sure we really elicit these symptoms in an effective way and how much they're bothering the patient? Dr Kluger: Two things that I've seen work---and we've done a lot of implementation studies. One is that, if it works for your practice, having patients fill out a questionnaire or survey in advance. And I think one of the highest-yield things there too is for blank lines to allow patients to write in what their top three problems are. And I've found when we've used it, and I think other people have found, that it's a huge time saver. People hand them the form, they look to see what's at checked a yes or what's checked as high, and then that becomes the agenda for the visit. The other thing that I think works equally well is just having a template, and at this point its just kind of, like, hard-wired into my neurons that, you know, no matter what we talked about in the HPI, I'll always ask about sleep and mood and bowel and bladder and pain to make sure that I don't miss those things. Dr Berkowitz: You mentioned in your article that palliative care needs in patients with Parkinson's disease really differ over the course of the illness and may be different at the time the initial diagnosis is given versus as the disease progresses versus the latest, most advanced stages of the disease. Can you talk a little bit more about how your approach to these patients changes over time from a palliative care perspective? Dr Kluger: Yes. And I'll also add, I think some of this is going to be more relevant to our listeners than to me. I'm now almost entirely in a neuropalliative care clinic, but for early-stage illness, it's really primary palliative care. And just to reinforce, this is palliative care that's provided by neurologists and primary care doctors, not specialist palliative care. I think that mindset's particularly important around the time of diagnosis. One of the things that, for me, was most eye-opening when we were doing qualitative interviews and studies was how devastating the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease was for patients and their families. And that was not something that I really anticipated. I think, like a lot of people and a lot of movement disorder doctors, I kind of thought of Parkinson's disease as a relatively good-news diagnosis. And that was often the way I pitched it, and we talked about Sinemet and DBS and exercise and all these things, but I have a relativity bias. And that bias is, I know that Parkinson's is better than PSP or MSA or brain cancer. But for the individual getting that diagnosis, that's it's not good news because their relativity bias is, I didn't have Parkinson's before and now I do. And for the rest of my life I'm going to have Parkinson's. And for the rest of my life, there may be things that I can do today that I won't be able to do tomorrow or next week. And so that was… yeah. And I think it really changed my practice and was pretty eye-opening for me. In the article, I mentioned the SPIKES (S-P-I-K-E-S) protocol for talking about serious conversations or talking about bad news. But I think one of the keys there for the time of diagnosis is asking people about their perceptions of Parkinson's. And part of that's also asking them what they know and what they're worried about. And you may be surprised that when you ask somebody about Parkinson's, you know, sometimes they may say it was good news. It's been three years, I've been trying to find an answer, and I feel like I've been being blown off. And sometimes you might say, this is the thing I feared the most. My uncle died of Parkinson's in a nursing home. And I also find that more often than not, even in end-of-life, that a lot of times the serious illness conversations I have, the facts that I have to present people, are better than their fears. And that's true at the time of diagnosis. But I think if we don't go into it and we don't ask people what they're feeling and what their perceptions are, then we miss this opportunity to support them. So that's the early stage. And in midstage, I think the, you know, the real keys there are to catch nonmotor symptoms early, to catch things like pain and depression and constipation before they become really bad or even lead to a hospital stay. And also starting to plant the seed and maybe doing some advanced care planning so that we are- people feel more prepared for the end stages of Parkinson's. And I think there, too, people ask about the future; when we tell them everyone's different or you don't have to worry about that now, that doesn't help an individual very much. So, oftentimes in the middle stages of the illness, people do want to know, am I going to go to a nursing home? How much longer is this going to be? You don't need a crystal ball, but if you can give people the best case, the worst case, the most likely case, that can be very helpful for life planning. And then as we're getting to more advanced and endstage, the lens that I'm looking at people with really is, should we begin talking about hospice? And we know again, from data that as a system---not just neurologists, but as a system---we're missing this all the time. And that if you have Parkinson's disease, you're about 50% chance of dying in a hospital, which is not where people want to die. And so, when I see people with more advanced disease, I'm asking questions about weight loss, and are they sleeping more during the day, and is there an acceleration in their decline of function? So, not just asking about where they are, but what's the rate of decline so that I can give people months of hospice as opposed to either them dying in a hospital or just scrambling for hospice in the last few days of their life. Dr Berkowitz: Another important palliative care concept you discussed in this article that was new to me is the concept of total pain, where you talk about aspects of pain beyond the physical and emotional pain we often think of when we hear the word pain. Can you talk a little bit about this concept of total pain, and then in particular how you apply it specifically when caring for patients with Parkinson's disease and related disorders? Dr Kluger: Yeah, absolutely. In the article there's a figure, and this is a- one of the foundational concepts of palliative care is this idea of total pain. Which is that the pain of a serious illness, whether that be cancer or Parkinson's, is not simply physical. There's also emotional components. And that also goes beyond the psychiatric. So, that includes grief and worry and frustration, and it also includes loneliness. And I think with Parkinson's disease, actually, one of one of the quotes that really sticks with me from some of our qualitative interviews was a woman who talked about her Parkinson's as a "flamboyant illness" because her tremor and her dyskinesias were always coming out at inopportune times. And it wasn't something I thought about, but there's this cosmetic aspect of having a movement disorder. There's also a cosmetic aspect of drooling or of using a walker. And so, there is a social stigma associated with Parkinson's, and people also lose a lot of social capital. Part of that is that often times neighbors and friends and family don't feel comfortable being around that person anymore. They don't know what to say. And so, sometimes coaching or connecting them with a chaplain or a counselor can be helpful in maintaining those social networks. There's a social pain. There's a spiritual and existential pain. And when I ask people a question, I ask almost everybody, is, what's the toughest part of this for you? A lot of times things fall into that bucket. And it's my loss of independence. I'm no longer able to do the things that bring me joy. I feel guilty that I'm going to be a burden to my family. My relationships are changing. So those are things that are essentially spiritual and existential. And then the last bucket, there are logistical things. And this can be lost driving and how do I get around, the cost of doctor visits, spending time with doctors, co-pays for medications; in the case of Parkinson's disease, the logistics of taking medication every two to three hours. So those all contribute to the total pain or the multiple dimensions of suffering. And that is something that I think about---in fact, in our assessment and plan, one of the things I like to mark out is sources of suffering. And that could be from any of those parts of the pie chart. Dr Berkowitz: And how do you approach this at the bedside? So, there are different concepts here. Obviously, physical pain, everyone is familiar with probably the concept of emotional pain. But as you get out in these concentric circles into sort of spiritual, existential pain, how do you sort of start these discussions with patients to elicit some of these aspects of their suffering? Dr Kluger: You know, the most common question I ask is, what's the toughest part of this for you? And very often that's going to lead into these existential and spiritual issues. I'll also ask people at the start of visits is, just tell me overall, big picture, how's your quality of life? Sometimes the answer is pretty good. Sometimes it sucks. Sometimes it's I have none. I know we're going to talk a little bit about joy later. But I'll also often times follow that up with, what do you enjoy or look forward to? And sometimes I get a response to that, and sometimes I get there's nothing in my life right now. But foundationally, I feel like those are all, you know, definitely spiritual and existential issues. And I'll ask people, too, where do you find meaning? What are your sources of support? I know for different physicians, people have different comfort with this, but I do find it helpful also to ask people, are you spiritual or religious? Because that can sometimes open up a window to other means of coping. An example of that---I mean, not everybody is going to have access to a chaplain. Some people will. But oftentimes one of the things that I do is encourage people to reconnect with their spiritual community. And so, I've had some very heartwarming winds where somebody would say, you know what, I haven't been to church for a while. And people at churches or synagogues or mosques are often looking for opportunities to help. And so that I think is another, I think, really important message. But I think one of the- my favorite parts of my job is kind of opening up these bridges and opening up these connections. And helping people to recognize, I would kind of put it under a larger practice of grace, is that asking for help can be a gift to another person. And if you're strong enough to ask for help, you're giving, you know, sometimes a really tremendous gift to another individual. If somebody has a strong community that they're connected with, doesn't have to be religious. it could be that they were a high school sports coach, it could be that they were involved in a book club, it could be that they were DJ or ran a restaurant or who knows what. Those all can provide opportunities for bringing people together and bringing together community. And again, thinking about the total pain of having a neurologic illness like Parkinson's, that loss of community, that loss of connection, is one of the things that's most painful. Dr Berkowitz: So, when people think about palliative care, they tend to think about pain and suffering and a lot of the topics we've been talking about. But you also talk about joy in your article, and you alluded to it a moment ago, working with your patients to find what brings them joy, opportunities for joy. As I was reading this, I was trying to imagine sitting across from a patient who has maybe just received the diagnosis of Parkinson's or is in a stage of the disease where, as you mentioned, they might be quite depressed, whether that's capital-D depression or sadness related to their loss of independence and other aspect. Sitting across from a patient who is suffering so much and has come maybe to a palliative care doctor such as yourself to alleviate suffering and have pain and other symptoms addressed, how do you begin a conversation about joy in that context and have the patient feel comfortable to open up? And how do you then use that conversation to help them improve their quality of life? Dr Kluger: Yeah, that's a great question. And it's one that actually comes up every time I talk about joy because it can be daunting. And there certainly are situations where I don't bring it up. You know, if we are deep into a session about grief or we're talking about kind of an unexpected bad turn of events, there's times where it would be insensitive to try to push, you know, an agenda of joy or something like that. And yet I would say that particularly residents and students who work with me, you know, may be surprised at how often I do bring it up. And I would say it's probably 95% of the time or more where I am able to talk about joy. And as an example, you know, we might be talking about grief and loss and changes in independence. And then I would say, you know, I want to make sure that we have time to talk about this, and we'll connect you to our chaplain or counselors so that you can talk about and process your grief. And at the same time, I want to make sure that we don't lose sight that there are still opportunities for joy and love and meaning in your life. And I want to make sure that we make space and time to talk about those things too. So, it's creating that balance. That's a transition that, even when you're on a very heavy subject---in fact, I would say maybe even particularly when you're getting into a heavy subject---that you can talk about joy and love and meaning. I gave a talk at the American Academy of Neurology a few years ago where I referred to them as weapons that you can use against some curable illnesses. One example is, my approach to chronic pain often centers around joy. So, I'll have somebody who comes in with back pain. My goal with that person is not for them to take Percocet four times a day to eliminate their back pain. When I talk to that person, I may find out that their grandson's soccer games and boxing class are the two most important things in their life. So maybe we take Percocet three or four times a week a half-hour before those activities so that you can get that joy back in your life. And so, we kind of use joy as a way and as a goal to reclaim those parts of your life that are most important to you. So, that's a pretty concrete example. Even for people nearing end of life, it could be giving people permission to eat more of their favorite food, often times ice creams, milkshakes---which is great, because we want people to gain weight at that point. Getting out into nature, even if they can't hike or do things the way they used to, that they might be able to go out with their family. Having simple touch, spending time together, really trying to prioritize what's most important. In the article, we talk about the total joy of life or the total enjoyment of living. But I like to be systematic about thinking about opportunities for living and make sure that we're just as systematic about thinking about what are the opportunities for joy as we are about thinking about the sources of suffering. Dr Berkowitz: I'm sure I only sort of scratched the surface of palliative care in general, let alone specifically related to Parkinson's disease and other related disorders. For our listeners who may be interested in learning more about neuropalliative care specifically or getting a little more training in this, any recommendations? Dr Kluger: Yeah, absolutely. Thanks for asking me that. There is a growing community of people interested in neuropalliative care, and so I would really encourage people who are passionate about this and want to get connected to this community to consider joining the International Neuropalliative Care Society. We're a young and growing community. I think you'll find a lot of like-minded individuals. And whether you're thinking about going into neuropalliative care as a specialty or doing a fellowship or just making it more a part of your practice, you'll find a lot of like-minded individuals. And then at the end of the article, there are some websites, but there are opportunities: for example, Vital Talk, the education palliative and end-of-life care neurology curriculum out of Northwestern, where people can dig deeper and kind of do their own mini-fellowship to try to bolster these skills. Dr Berkowitz: Gives, certainly, me a lot to think about. I'm sure it gives our listeners a lot to think about as well in implementing some of the palliative care concepts you tell us about today and discuss in much more detail in your article as we see these patients and, hopefully, can refer them to talented expert colleagues like yourself in palliative care, but don't always have that opportunity. And as you said, there's always opportunities to be practicing palliative care, even though we're not palliative care specialists. So, I encourage all the listeners to read your article, which goes through these concepts and many more as well some sort of key points and strategies for implementing them as you gave us many examples today. So again, today I've been interviewing Dr Benzi Kluger about his article on neuropalliative care in Parkinson disease and related movement disorders, which is found in the December 2025 Continuum issue on neuropalliative care. Be sure to check out Continuum Audio episodes from this and other issues, and thank you again to our listeners for joining us today. Dr Monteith: This is Dr Teshamae Monteith, Associate Editor of Continuum Audio. If you've enjoyed this episode, you'll love the journal, which is full of in-depth and clinically relevant information important for neurology practitioners. Use the link in the episode notes to learn more and subscribe. AAN members, you can get CME for listening to this interview by completing the evaluation at continpub.com/audioCME. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio.

Dr. Elizabeth Coon and Prof. Franziska Hopfner discuss the frequency and disease trajectory of MSA patients who do not experience dysautonomia, in comparison to those with autonomic involvement. Show citation:  Wilkens I, Bebermeier S, Heine J, et al. Multiple System Atrophy Without Dysautonomia: An Autopsy-Confirmed Study. Neurology. 2025;105(11):e214316. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000214316 Show transcript:  Dr. Elizabeth Coon: Welcome to the Neurology Minute. I'm Elizabeth Coon, and I'm delighted to welcome Professor Hopfner, who will give us a summary of her recently published paper in Neurology, "Multiple System Atrophy Without Dysautonomia and Autopsy Confirmed Study." Welcome, Professor Hopfner. Please tell us about this study and the key findings. Prof. Franziska Hopfner: So this work reframes how we think about MSA. So, autonomic failure is common but not universal and its absence does not rule out the diagnosis of MSA. So recognizing motor only in multiple system atrophy expands our diagnostic accuracy, improves patients consulting and broadens inclusions in future therapeutic trials. Dr. Elizabeth Coon: Excellent. Thank you. And thank you for listening to this Neurology Minute.

Dr. Elizabeth Coon talks with Prof. Franziska Hopfner aboutthe frequency and disease trajectory of MSA patients who do not experience dysautonomia, in comparison to those with autonomic involvement. Read the related article in Neurology®. Disclosures can be found at Neurology.org. 

durée : 00:05:59 - Grand Reportage - par : Aurélie Kieffer - Selon le dernier recensement agricole, Mayotte comptait environ 4 300 exploitations. L'immense majorité a été touchée. Le Syndicat des jeunes agriculteurs évalue les pertes à 300 millions d'euros et seuls 15 millions d'euros ont été versés, notamment par la MSA, la Sécurité sociale agricole. - réalisation : Annie Brault

Avec Coach Castonguay, on revient sur notre marathon à Tuscon, où nos expériences ont été complètement opposées. On explique ce qu'on pense à mener au succès de Charles et à l'échec de PH. Magasinez dès maintenant chez Altitude Sports et profitez d'un rabais jusqu'à 20% sur votre première commande avec le code promo : UPIKA.Cliquez ici pour commander

Carla M. Nester, MD, MSA, FASN - 2025 Congress Highlights From Houston, Texas: Translating C3G and IC-MPGN Trials to Treatment in an Era of Complement Inhibition

Carla M. Nester, MD, MSA, FASN - 2025 Congress Highlights From Houston, Texas: Translating C3G and IC-MPGN Trials to Treatment in an Era of Complement Inhibition

In episode 220, host Galit Friedlander and guest Chad Geiger (dance agent at The Movement Talent Agency) pull back the curtain on what representation really looks like from the agency side and what dancers often misunderstand about it. We talk about essential pieces of a sustainable dance career: communication, contracts, headshots and resumes that actually serve you, and how your choices off the floor impact your opportunities just as much as your training on it. Chad shares insight on navigating direct bookings, building trust with your team, and why “doing the basics well” is still one of the biggest differentiators in today's industry. Follow Galit: Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/gogalit Website – https://www.gogalit.com/ Fit From Home – https://galit-s-school-0397.thinkific.com/courses/fit-from-home You can connect with Chad Geiger on https://www.instagram.com/chad_geiger Listen to DanceSpeak on Apple Podcasts and Spotify.

Cette semaine on reçoit Anabelle Guay qui travaille actuellement sur son doctorat en lien avec la psychologie sportive. Elle nous explique comment améliorer sont discours interne afin d'optimiser ses performances. Elle revient aussi sur sa récente expédition au Mont Blanc.Magasinez dès maintenant chez Altitude Sports et profitez d'un rabais jusqu'à 20% sur votre première commande avec le code promo : UPIKA.Cliquez ici pour commander

In this episode of The MHP Broker's Tips and Tricks Closing Cocktail podcast, Maxwell Baker, president of The Mobile Home Park Broker, interviewed The MHP Broker Eric Wanck about his Shell Way Mobile Home Park transaction near Knoxville. As with every Tips and Tricks podcast episode, this one is brought to you by The MHP Broker's proprietary Community Price Maximizer. Use this four-step system to get the highest price possible for your mobile home park or RV community when you sell it through The MHP Broker. Guaranteed. Call Max for details. Here are the Show Highlights This deal was a smaller transaction than what the team typically takes to market, and with the park needing a heavy lift, Eric wasn't sure what to expect. But within just two weeks of launching, multiple offers came in over asking price, driven by the property's location, upside, and city utilities. (Max & Eric, 01:17) The park sat outside the Knoxville MSA but still drew strong interest due to its proximity to the Gatlinburg area and its overall desirability. Investors saw strong value despite the park's size and condition. (Eric, 01:51) There was no fallout after the bidding process. The first buyer who went under contract made it all the way to closing thanks to proper buyer qualification and a smooth due diligence period. (Eric, 02:24) The deal ultimately closed all cash, prompting Max's callback that it closed "caaaash money, y'all," reflecting The MHP Broker's ability to attract serious, ready-to-close buyers. (Max, 03:02) Investor demand is so strong in this Knoxville/Gatlinburg corridor that Eric joked he wished he could find "six more" parks just like it for eager buyers. (Eric, 03:49) From launch to close, the deal moved quickly—closing in just 45 days—showing the surprising strength of the market's response. (Eric, 04:08) Max wrapped up the episode by highlighting The MHP Broker's 86% first-to-contract close ratio, driven by impeccable upfront due diligence. "Problems don't kill deals; surprises do." (Max, 04:59) Power Quotes "This deal… was surprisingly really, really sexy." (Max, 0:22) "Within two weeks we had multiple offers above asking… location and upside were everything." (Eric, 01:52) "The first buyer closed—smooth as butter." (Eric, 02:24) "It closed straight up… 'caaaash money, y'all." (Max, 03:02) "I just wish I could find six more of these up there." (Eric, 03:49) "We get deals sold—fast, the first time." (Max, 04:59) "Problems don't kill deals. Surprises do." (Max, 04:59) 00:00 Hello and welcome to the Mobile Home Park Brokers' tips and tricks. This is the podcast where we talk about mobile home park investing because that's what we've been involved in for the last decade. Let's dive into today's episode. Here is your host, Maxwell Baker. 00:22 Maxwell Baker Hey y'all. Welcome to another beautiful episode of the Mobile Home Park Brokers Tips and tricks podcast. As always, this episode is brought to you by the Community Price Maximizer. No pun intended there, it just actually happened to be named that. It is your proprietary system that will guarantee you a higher price when you exclusively list with us. Call us (678) 932-0200 and we will get you that price that you have dreamed of. Especially right now. The market is booming here at the end of 2025. But we are here to celebrate that Eric Wank just closed this deal, Shell Way, right outside Knoxville. Eric, welcome to the show. Congrats again on a closing, but damn, dude, this deal like was surprisingly real, really, really sexy. You had a tonne of people really getting into this deal, right? 01:17 Eric Wanck Yeah, yeah, no, thank you. One of my favourite things to get on here and talk about closing, closing property, and you're right, you know, this was an interesting deal from the start, a little bit of a smaller transaction size than we typically take to market repeat client though on our end and we said, hey, sure, no problem, we'll take this on for you and it was outside the Knoxville MSA probably certainly within a couple hour drive of the Gatlinburg area, very beautiful area of the country, and to be honest, taking this out to market, I wasn't sure what to expect. 01:51 Maxwell Baker Yeah 01:52 Eric Wanck Just given how much of a heavy lift this park needed and the size of the park, but within, I would say within 2 weeks we had multiple offers above asking price… 02:06 Maxwell Baker Yeah 02:07 Eric Wanck …which just showed that location, upside, two real big things right there, and it was on city water and sewer, which of course always helps when investors are looking at parks. 02:20 Maxwell Baker Yeah, man, tell us about the first time you put it under contract, we closed on it, right? 02:25 Eric Wanck That's right 02:24 Maxwell Baker There wasn't a fallout or anything? 02:26 Eric Wanck Yeah, no, we, we went through the bidding process with the highest and best, and, and those folks ended up closing. So,  very smooth in that aspect, and that's what we want to see is qualifying, who we're bringing to the table and, and making sure that they get to the finish line the first time so we're not having to do it over and over but yeah, no, it was very smooth. 02:45 Maxwell Baker Yeah, man and it closed caaaash money. I remember some of these guys that I've worked with in the past. I think it was Frank Roth that mentioned it.  He's like this guy in this mobile home park that he owned, said that, he would sell him his mobile home for 4000 caaash money. 03:02 Eric Wanck (laughs) 03:03 Maxwell Baker And, this deal closed, to quote that guy, caaaash money, y'all. So, if you need; if you've got a deal and you're looking for that cash money. That's, that's what happened here. Eric was able to pull, to pull from another podcast we just did, another rabbit out of the hat. We have a whole stable of rabbits here, because of all the magicians we have, AKA Eric Wank, pulling rabbits out of the hat and this deal was one of those. I mean, he got it done all cash, got it. Priced competitively, had it bid above market what we took it out, yeah, the seller was happy! Buyer was happy! Dude, any closing comments on this? 03:49 Eric Wanck Hey, I just wish I could find 6 more up there and I; 03:52 Maxwell Baker Oh, I know, seriously, right? (laughs) 03:54 Eric Wanck Probably some people listening that are, that are saying, yeah, no problem, Eric, send them my way, and I'm happy to do so as well, you know, that's, we are targeting a lot of these MSA areas, and that is obviously a pretty hot one given the activity we had on it, so. 04:07 Maxwell Baker Yeah 04:08 Eric Wanck But yeah, no, it's a very surprising deal from the, the onset, putting it to market. I really, I thought we were gonna be sitting, to be honest with you, but here we go, 45 days later, we were closed. 04:20 Maxwell Baker Let's go, baby. All right, y'all. Eric, thanks for jumping on the podcast with us here. Congrats on the closing! and y'all give him a call. He is the All-Star magician so far this year, top producer. You can reach him at (678) 932-0200. You've got deals, you've got beautiful deals, you got hairy deals, you've got development deals. We are the organisation that will get it sold and usually we get it sold really quickly and then the first time we don't fall. Most of our competition falls in and out of contract 10 times before they actually sell your park. 04:59 We have a high first to contract close ratio of 86%. That means when we put your park under contract, 86% of the time with the first buyer that we bring you, when you exclusively list with us, is going to close on your deal. No other competitors can, can tout that. We are the biggest firm that can do that, and Eric is a shining example here that was able to do that is because we do impeccable due diligence upfront on all of our exclusive listings. That way, you know, problems don't kill deals, but surprises do and we figure out what all The variables are so that way when we do put it on a contract, we've already got answers to all the problems. So, give us a call 678-932-0200. Happy to chat. Happy to talk high level. Ask for Eric Wanck. He is the man here at the firm and Eric, thanks for being here, buddy. Let's keep moving forward!

December 2025's Patch Tuesday brought major shifts, but the real action is in Microsoft's pricing, privacy battles, and the arms race to control AI-enabled browsers. Plus, Paul recommends Tiny11 Builder for a clean install, or Win11Debloat for an existing install. Then, Rufus to create installation media without the forced Microsoft account (MSA) sign-in or hardware requirement checks. Use MSEdgeDirect to use the default web browser for stories from Widgets, web-based search results, etc. And ExplorerPatcher can fix the performance and reliability issues in File Explorer. It's the final Patch Tuesday of 2025 Major dark mode updates (with a fix for the "flashbang" problem) AI Agent in Settings, Click to Do, Windows Studio Effects, and Search improvements for Copilot+ PCs Many other improvements: FSE, Share, Settings, Widgets, more More Windows 11 New 25H2 preview build on Beta/Dev adds MCP public preview, Quick Machine Recovery auto-enabled, Unified Update Orchestration Platform, Windows MIDI services Microsoft 365 Microsoft 365 is getting a lot more expensive in mid-2026. You didn't think all those free AI updates were free, did you? AI Paul has been talking about "programmatic" apps and services because he wasn't sure of a term for this type of interaction. But there is a term for this: Semantic. As in semantic web. And there you go Microsoft one of 1,000 companies partnering on Agentic AI Foundation because you're getting agents whether they work or not Gartner says NO to AI web browsers The New York Times is suing Perplexity for all the obvious reasons After a big win in the legal battle with OpenAI Opera for Android gets a big AI update Google Workspace Studio brings code-free agent creation to business users - automation is a solid AI use case Xbox Xbox Series X|S notably absent during Black Friday sales Call of Duty won't repeat the mistakes of the past anymore since it didn't work out twice now MS Flight Simulator 2024 is now available on PS5 Red Dead Redemption comes to mobile for the first time, free with a Netflix account Tips & Picks Tip and app(s) of the week: De-enshittify Windows 11 RunAs Radio this week: Incident Management and the Crowdstrike Event with Liam Westley Brown liquor pick of the week: Old Farm Pennsylvania Straight Rye Whiskey Hosts: Leo Laporte, Paul Thurrott, and Richard Campbell Download or subscribe to Windows Weekly at https://twit.tv/shows/windows-weekly Check out Paul's blog at thurrott.com The Windows Weekly theme music is courtesy of Carl Franklin. Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free audio and video feeds, a members-only Discord, and exclusive content. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: 1password.com/windowsweekly auraframes.com/ink helixsleep.com/windows ventionteams.com/twit

December 2025's Patch Tuesday brought major shifts, but the real action is in Microsoft's pricing, privacy battles, and the arms race to control AI-enabled browsers. Plus, Paul recommends Tiny11 Builder for a clean install, or Win11Debloat for an existing install. Then, Rufus to create installation media without the forced Microsoft account (MSA) sign-in or hardware requirement checks. Use MSEdgeDirect to use the default web browser for stories from Widgets, web-based search results, etc. And ExplorerPatcher can fix the performance and reliability issues in File Explorer. It's the final Patch Tuesday of 2025 Major dark mode updates (with a fix for the "flashbang" problem) AI Agent in Settings, Click to Do, Windows Studio Effects, and Search improvements for Copilot+ PCs Many other improvements: FSE, Share, Settings, Widgets, more More Windows 11 New 25H2 preview build on Beta/Dev adds MCP public preview, Quick Machine Recovery auto-enabled, Unified Update Orchestration Platform, Windows MIDI services Microsoft 365 Microsoft 365 is getting a lot more expensive in mid-2026. You didn't think all those free AI updates were free, did you? AI Paul has been talking about "programmatic" apps and services because he wasn't sure of a term for this type of interaction. But there is a term for this: Semantic. As in semantic web. And there you go Microsoft one of 1,000 companies partnering on Agentic AI Foundation because you're getting agents whether they work or not Gartner says NO to AI web browsers The New York Times is suing Perplexity for all the obvious reasons After a big win in the legal battle with OpenAI Opera for Android gets a big AI update Google Workspace Studio brings code-free agent creation to business users - automation is a solid AI use case Xbox Xbox Series X|S notably absent during Black Friday sales Call of Duty won't repeat the mistakes of the past anymore since it didn't work out twice now MS Flight Simulator 2024 is now available on PS5 Red Dead Redemption comes to mobile for the first time, free with a Netflix account Tips & Picks Tip and app(s) of the week: De-enshittify Windows 11 RunAs Radio this week: Incident Management and the Crowdstrike Event with Liam Westley Brown liquor pick of the week: Old Farm Pennsylvania Straight Rye Whiskey Hosts: Leo Laporte, Paul Thurrott, and Richard Campbell Download or subscribe to Windows Weekly at https://twit.tv/shows/windows-weekly Check out Paul's blog at thurrott.com The Windows Weekly theme music is courtesy of Carl Franklin. Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free audio and video feeds, a members-only Discord, and exclusive content. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: 1password.com/windowsweekly auraframes.com/ink helixsleep.com/windows ventionteams.com/twit

December 2025's Patch Tuesday brought major shifts, but the real action is in Microsoft's pricing, privacy battles, and the arms race to control AI-enabled browsers. Plus, Paul recommends Tiny11 Builder for a clean install, or Win11Debloat for an existing install. Then, Rufus to create installation media without the forced Microsoft account (MSA) sign-in or hardware requirement checks. Use MSEdgeDirect to use the default web browser for stories from Widgets, web-based search results, etc. And ExplorerPatcher can fix the performance and reliability issues in File Explorer. It's the final Patch Tuesday of 2025 Major dark mode updates (with a fix for the "flashbang" problem) AI Agent in Settings, Click to Do, Windows Studio Effects, and Search improvements for Copilot+ PCs Many other improvements: FSE, Share, Settings, Widgets, more More Windows 11 New 25H2 preview build on Beta/Dev adds MCP public preview, Quick Machine Recovery auto-enabled, Unified Update Orchestration Platform, Windows MIDI services Microsoft 365 Microsoft 365 is getting a lot more expensive in mid-2026. You didn't think all those free AI updates were free, did you? AI Paul has been talking about "programmatic" apps and services because he wasn't sure of a term for this type of interaction. But there is a term for this: Semantic. As in semantic web. And there you go Microsoft one of 1,000 companies partnering on Agentic AI Foundation because you're getting agents whether they work or not Gartner says NO to AI web browsers The New York Times is suing Perplexity for all the obvious reasons After a big win in the legal battle with OpenAI Opera for Android gets a big AI update Google Workspace Studio brings code-free agent creation to business users - automation is a solid AI use case Xbox Xbox Series X|S notably absent during Black Friday sales Call of Duty won't repeat the mistakes of the past anymore since it didn't work out twice now MS Flight Simulator 2024 is now available on PS5 Red Dead Redemption comes to mobile for the first time, free with a Netflix account Tips & Picks Tip and app(s) of the week: De-enshittify Windows 11 RunAs Radio this week: Incident Management and the Crowdstrike Event with Liam Westley Brown liquor pick of the week: Old Farm Pennsylvania Straight Rye Whiskey Hosts: Leo Laporte, Paul Thurrott, and Richard Campbell Download or subscribe to Windows Weekly at https://twit.tv/shows/windows-weekly Check out Paul's blog at thurrott.com The Windows Weekly theme music is courtesy of Carl Franklin. Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free audio and video feeds, a members-only Discord, and exclusive content. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: 1password.com/windowsweekly auraframes.com/ink helixsleep.com/windows ventionteams.com/twit

December 2025's Patch Tuesday brought major shifts, but the real action is in Microsoft's pricing, privacy battles, and the arms race to control AI-enabled browsers. Plus, Paul recommends Tiny11 Builder for a clean install, or Win11Debloat for an existing install. Then, Rufus to create installation media without the forced Microsoft account (MSA) sign-in or hardware requirement checks. Use MSEdgeDirect to use the default web browser for stories from Widgets, web-based search results, etc. And ExplorerPatcher can fix the performance and reliability issues in File Explorer. It's the final Patch Tuesday of 2025 Major dark mode updates (with a fix for the "flashbang" problem) AI Agent in Settings, Click to Do, Windows Studio Effects, and Search improvements for Copilot+ PCs Many other improvements: FSE, Share, Settings, Widgets, more More Windows 11 New 25H2 preview build on Beta/Dev adds MCP public preview, Quick Machine Recovery auto-enabled, Unified Update Orchestration Platform, Windows MIDI services Microsoft 365 Microsoft 365 is getting a lot more expensive in mid-2026. You didn't think all those free AI updates were free, did you? AI Paul has been talking about "programmatic" apps and services because he wasn't sure of a term for this type of interaction. But there is a term for this: Semantic. As in semantic web. And there you go Microsoft one of 1,000 companies partnering on Agentic AI Foundation because you're getting agents whether they work or not Gartner says NO to AI web browsers The New York Times is suing Perplexity for all the obvious reasons After a big win in the legal battle with OpenAI Opera for Android gets a big AI update Google Workspace Studio brings code-free agent creation to business users - automation is a solid AI use case Xbox Xbox Series X|S notably absent during Black Friday sales Call of Duty won't repeat the mistakes of the past anymore since it didn't work out twice now MS Flight Simulator 2024 is now available on PS5 Red Dead Redemption comes to mobile for the first time, free with a Netflix account Tips & Picks Tip and app(s) of the week: De-enshittify Windows 11 RunAs Radio this week: Incident Management and the Crowdstrike Event with Liam Westley Brown liquor pick of the week: Old Farm Pennsylvania Straight Rye Whiskey Hosts: Leo Laporte, Paul Thurrott, and Richard Campbell Download or subscribe to Windows Weekly at https://twit.tv/shows/windows-weekly Check out Paul's blog at thurrott.com The Windows Weekly theme music is courtesy of Carl Franklin. Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free audio and video feeds, a members-only Discord, and exclusive content. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: 1password.com/windowsweekly auraframes.com/ink helixsleep.com/windows ventionteams.com/twit

December 2025's Patch Tuesday brought major shifts, but the real action is in Microsoft's pricing, privacy battles, and the arms race to control AI-enabled browsers. Plus, Paul recommends Tiny11 Builder for a clean install, or Win11Debloat for an existing install. Then, Rufus to create installation media without the forced Microsoft account (MSA) sign-in or hardware requirement checks. Use MSEdgeDirect to use the default web browser for stories from Widgets, web-based search results, etc. And ExplorerPatcher can fix the performance and reliability issues in File Explorer. It's the final Patch Tuesday of 2025 Major dark mode updates (with a fix for the "flashbang" problem) AI Agent in Settings, Click to Do, Windows Studio Effects, and Search improvements for Copilot+ PCs Many other improvements: FSE, Share, Settings, Widgets, more More Windows 11 New 25H2 preview build on Beta/Dev adds MCP public preview, Quick Machine Recovery auto-enabled, Unified Update Orchestration Platform, Windows MIDI services Microsoft 365 Microsoft 365 is getting a lot more expensive in mid-2026. You didn't think all those free AI updates were free, did you? AI Paul has been talking about "programmatic" apps and services because he wasn't sure of a term for this type of interaction. But there is a term for this: Semantic. As in semantic web. And there you go Microsoft one of 1,000 companies partnering on Agentic AI Foundation because you're getting agents whether they work or not Gartner says NO to AI web browsers The New York Times is suing Perplexity for all the obvious reasons After a big win in the legal battle with OpenAI Opera for Android gets a big AI update Google Workspace Studio brings code-free agent creation to business users - automation is a solid AI use case Xbox Xbox Series X|S notably absent during Black Friday sales Call of Duty won't repeat the mistakes of the past anymore since it didn't work out twice now MS Flight Simulator 2024 is now available on PS5 Red Dead Redemption comes to mobile for the first time, free with a Netflix account Tips & Picks Tip and app(s) of the week: De-enshittify Windows 11 RunAs Radio this week: Incident Management and the Crowdstrike Event with Liam Westley Brown liquor pick of the week: Old Farm Pennsylvania Straight Rye Whiskey Hosts: Leo Laporte, Paul Thurrott, and Richard Campbell Download or subscribe to Windows Weekly at https://twit.tv/shows/windows-weekly Check out Paul's blog at thurrott.com The Windows Weekly theme music is courtesy of Carl Franklin. Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free audio and video feeds, a members-only Discord, and exclusive content. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: 1password.com/windowsweekly auraframes.com/ink helixsleep.com/windows ventionteams.com/twit

December 2025's Patch Tuesday brought major shifts, but the real action is in Microsoft's pricing, privacy battles, and the arms race to control AI-enabled browsers. Plus, Paul recommends Tiny11 Builder for a clean install, or Win11Debloat for an existing install. Then, Rufus to create installation media without the forced Microsoft account (MSA) sign-in or hardware requirement checks. Use MSEdgeDirect to use the default web browser for stories from Widgets, web-based search results, etc. And ExplorerPatcher can fix the performance and reliability issues in File Explorer. It's the final Patch Tuesday of 2025 Major dark mode updates (with a fix for the "flashbang" problem) AI Agent in Settings, Click to Do, Windows Studio Effects, and Search improvements for Copilot+ PCs Many other improvements: FSE, Share, Settings, Widgets, more More Windows 11 New 25H2 preview build on Beta/Dev adds MCP public preview, Quick Machine Recovery auto-enabled, Unified Update Orchestration Platform, Windows MIDI services Microsoft 365 Microsoft 365 is getting a lot more expensive in mid-2026. You didn't think all those free AI updates were free, did you? AI Paul has been talking about "programmatic" apps and services because he wasn't sure of a term for this type of interaction. But there is a term for this: Semantic. As in semantic web. And there you go Microsoft one of 1,000 companies partnering on Agentic AI Foundation because you're getting agents whether they work or not Gartner says NO to AI web browsers The New York Times is suing Perplexity for all the obvious reasons After a big win in the legal battle with OpenAI Opera for Android gets a big AI update Google Workspace Studio brings code-free agent creation to business users - automation is a solid AI use case Xbox Xbox Series X|S notably absent during Black Friday sales Call of Duty won't repeat the mistakes of the past anymore since it didn't work out twice now MS Flight Simulator 2024 is now available on PS5 Red Dead Redemption comes to mobile for the first time, free with a Netflix account Tips & Picks Tip and app(s) of the week: De-enshittify Windows 11 RunAs Radio this week: Incident Management and the Crowdstrike Event with Liam Westley Brown liquor pick of the week: Old Farm Pennsylvania Straight Rye Whiskey Hosts: Leo Laporte, Paul Thurrott, and Richard Campbell Download or subscribe to Windows Weekly at https://twit.tv/shows/windows-weekly Check out Paul's blog at thurrott.com The Windows Weekly theme music is courtesy of Carl Franklin. Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free audio and video feeds, a members-only Discord, and exclusive content. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: 1password.com/windowsweekly auraframes.com/ink helixsleep.com/windows ventionteams.com/twit

Magasinez dès maintenant chez Altitude Sports et profitez d'un rabais jusqu'à 20% sur votre première commande avec le code promo : UPIKA.Cliquez ici pour commander

Cette semaine, je reçois l'étoile montante du Trail québécois: Xavier St-Cyr. Il nous raconte sa préparation et ses victoires dans les deux plus grosses courses au Québec.Magasinez dès maintenant chez Altitude Sports et profitez d'un rabais jusqu'à 20% sur votre première commande avec le code promo : UPIKA.Cliquez ici pour commander

Interview Date:Episode Summary:MSA New York's Talent Director Bre Traver breaks down exactly how dancers get on an agent's radar and build sustainable careers. From her path from dancer to agent, to what MSA looks for in reels, headshots, and Instagrams, Bre shares practical, no-fluff guidance on submissions, onboarding, and being an ideal client. She contrasts the NYC vs. LA markets (live stage, Broadway, tours, award shows), outlines big client don'ts, and explains how agents scout in class, at shows, and online. The lively Q&A hits trends, triple-threat training, youth work, self-tapes vs. in-person calls, and why persistence, professionalism, and clear goals separate dancers who book “the big jobs.”Shownotes:(0:00) – Welcome & intro to MSA and Bre's NYC leadership (11:28) – Bre's journey: dancer to MSA Talent Director(20:24) – Inside MSA NYC: Broadway, tours, TV, and more (24:53) – How dancers get signed and scouted by agents (28:14) – Social media tips: Instagram presence that books work (32:23) – Onboarding goals: materials, availability, and communication(35:56) – NYC vs LA markets: knowing where you belong (39:10) – Professionalism tips: biggest audition and booking don'ts(44:10) – How agents scout in class and online presence matters (51:12) – Q&A takeaways: training, self-tapes, visas, and persistenceBiography:Bre Traver joined McDonald Selznick Associates East Coast division in 2007. She worked through the ranks as an assistant to Jr. Agent, to Franchised Sr. Agent, to Director of the Talent Department to now Equity Partner in the company. Prior to agenting, Bre grew up as a dancer and received a BFA from University at Buffalo. Bre is still serving as a lead agent for MSA's NY talent roster. Over the years she has had the pleasure of booking clients on national commercials (APPLE, Advil PM, Pepsi), feature films (Best of The Best, West Side Story, In The Heights, 13, Tick Tick Boom), television (SNL, Law & Order, Pose, Maisel, Étoile, GMA, The Tonight Show, Last Week Tonight), award shows (MTV VMAs, BET Awards, Super Bowl Halftime), national tours (Hamilton, Wicked, Moulin Rogue, MJ, Hell's Kitchen, Beetlejuice, Some Like It Hot, The Notebook, Mean Girls, Chicago), and live work (Corporate industrials, New York Fashion Week, The Met Gala). Bre is proud to work on behalf of such an established roster of talent and enjoys keeping her finger on the pulse of our ever-changing industry!Connect on Social Media:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breezyotoole/?hl=enWebsite: www.msaagency.com

In this episode, Galit sits down with creator and educator Jason Pickett for a real conversation about the shifts happening in today's dance world. Jason shares his path from Utah's freestyle community to building a career outside the traditional LA route, and the mindset behind choosing what actually feels right. They dig into the responsibilities of teachers and influencers online, the short-sightedness that's causing dance studios and conventions business, and a shift in what dancers want to do professionally. Jason and Galit also explore whether competitions are watering down dance, how COVID changed the mentality of young dancers, and why the best teachers don't rely on the “combo.” This episode pulls back the curtain on connecting the generations, talent development, and what it really means to create good dancers - not just good perfectionists. Follow Galit: Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/gogalit Website - https://www.gogalit.com/ On-Demand Fitness Courses - https://galit-s-school-0397.thinkific.com/collections Follow Jason Pickett: Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/heyitspickett/ Jason's Website - https://nsadance.com/

Je reçois Marc-Antoine Senneville, coureur et entraîneur, qui tentera sa chance pour battre le record québécois sur marathon détenu par Alain Bordeleau qui date de 1984 dans quelques semaines au marathon de Valence.Magasinez dès maintenant chez Altitude Sports et profitez d'un rabais jusqu'à 20% sur votre première commande avec le code promo : UPIKA.Cliquez ici pour commander

For more than 30 years, MSA National has been transforming the loan documentation process – partnering with some of Australia's largest lenders to make settlements faster, smoother, and more seamless for brokers and their clients. In this episode of In Focus, we speak with MSA National founder and CEO Sam Makhoul and Sergio Delvescovo, national sales manager for the broker channel and former head of lending operations at ING Australia. They discuss how MSA's partnerships have helped drive efficiency, lift broker satisfaction scores, and reduce ING Australia's average settlement time from 24 days to just 10–12 days. Tune in to discover: Three things that brokers can do for faster settlements. How MSA's products have transformed the broker and customer experience. The borrower story that made Makhoul cry and how that shaped the MSA culture. And much more!

Cette semaine, je reçois Victor Larocque qui nous raconte sa course au 100miles Chihuahua By UTMB. On reçoit ensuite son coach, Charles Castonguay pour décortiquer son programme d'entraînement l'ayant mené à cette performance.Magasinez dès maintenant chez Altitude Sports et profitez d'un rabais jusqu'à 20% sur votre première commande avec le code promo : UPIKA.Cliquez ici pour commander

Mới đây bác sĩ đa khoa Michael Dũng Cao, đã nói về bệnh đa xơ xứng hay Multiple Sclerosis hay MS. Chúng ta đã biết về nguyên nhân, triệu chứng và khác biệt với chứng đột quỵ hay tai biến mạch máu não, cũng như khác với MSA hay chứng teo đa hệ thống. Hôm nay Bác sĩ Michael Dũng tiếp tục nói về những tiến triển, trong nghiên cứu và điều trị chứng bệnh mạn tính nầy.

I had a SASS listener reach out to me a few months ago via email. It was a short email, but it sure got my attention. The writer, Diane, told me that she had been listening to SASS for a while, and that she was very appreciative of the show, as she is a survivor of military sexual assault (MSA) from almost 50 years ago. She also told me she had sent me a large envelope of important information about her case…certified, return receipt. That'll peak you're curiosity! I did get a large envelope a few days later. It was a pretty full, 9x12 , mailing envelope, full of documents—letters, law enforcement reports, a narrative of Diane's story—enough to keep me reading for about an hour. And what I read was both horrific and miserable information, but frustrating and compelling at the same time. It was a compilation of most of the work that Diane had been compiling for the past almost 50 years in order to try to get the Army to bring a retired physician back into active duty for the purpose of having him court-martialed. Can you imagine how frustrating it must feel to have your case investigated by one of this country's foremost criminal investigation agencies, have the investigation result in being substantiated, sue the perpetrator civilly, and win, and then to have the Army's prosecutors refuse to prosecute your case…for no particular reason other than to save face for the Army because to court-martial a retired colonel, doctor, from the Army would be embarrassing. Yeah…that's what happened. It's asinine; you're gonna want to hear the story from Diane herself. So listen to this episode. Then, share it with everyone you know. Because it's that important! An important side note: if you're finding value in this show and these amazing episodes, please take a moment to leave a 5-star rating on your podcast platform. AND, follow SexualAssaultSurvivorStories on Instagram, then, please send me a note of support. I can't tell you how much your emails mean to me—they fuel my passion to keep this podcast going. And if you're a victim or survivor and are ready to tell your story in order to help yourself or someone else heal, let me know, and we can start a conversation about the possibility of you being on the show.  Here's my email address: dave@sasstories.com  Thank you to all of you who have reached out to me already. Just provide me with a phone number where I can reach back out to you…because I like to talk to people who are interested in guesting. And please keep those emails and texts coming…I truly look forward to hearing from you! Here are some critically important links that I hope you'll take the time to explore, and where a contribution is requested, please consider doing so!—Thank you!! https://soulwisesolutions.com https://safeinharmsway.org https://sironahealing.com/ https://www.whattheydontsay.com https://www.survivor-school.com/?ref=DAVEMARKEL www.arcigrey.com  https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/invisible-no-more-lady-veterans-stories-of-military/id1754061590 https://startbybelieving.org https://evawintl.org/ As mentioned, and emphasized, it's time to Normalize the Conversation.™ And please remember to Start by Believing…because we all know someone whose life has been impacted by rape or sexual assault. Thank you for tuning in.

Cette semaine, je m'intéresse à un nouveau sport d'endurance; le Hyrox. Je reçois donc deux experts et un débutant pour faire une table ronde sur cette discipline qui allie force et endurance.Magasinez dès maintenant chez Altitude Sports et profitez d'un rabais jusqu'à 20% sur votre première commande avec le code promo : UPIKA.Cliquez ici pour commander

Dr. Alessandra Fanciulli discusses how the MDS criteria for the diagnosis of MSA has made an impact on the field, the status of biomarker research, and optimal targets for disease-modifying trials for MSA.

Interview Date: September 21st, 2025Episode Summary:In this inspiring conversation, Menina Fortunato sits down with Julie McDonald, the trailblazing co-founder of MSA Agency and the first dance agent in history. Julie shares her incredible journey from professional dancer to industry visionary—representing some of the biggest names in choreography and performance.She reflects on the evolution of the commercial dance world, the importance of professionalism and preparation, and what truly sets apart dancers who build lasting careers. Julie offers invaluable advice on networking, auditions, and why knowing your dance history—from Bob Fosse to Jerome Robbins—is essential for any serious artist.From agency insight to mentorship, this episode is filled with stories, wisdom, and warmth from a woman who changed the industry for dancers everywhere. Julie also shares exciting news about being honored with the Trailblazer Award at Gala of the Stars—a full-circle moment for one of dance's greatest advocates.This episode is perfect for dancers, teachers, and aspiring professionals who want to understand the business behind dance, the art of longevity, and the power of curiosity and gratitude in shaping a meaningful career.Shownotes:(0:00) – Welcome & intro to Julie McDonald and her legacy (3:15) – Julie's start as a dancer & transition into agency life (7:40) – Founding MSA: creating the first dance agency in the world(12:25) – Representing choreographers, dancers & industry icons(22:10) – What makes a dancer stand out to an agent(35:05) – How the dance industry evolved through the decades (50:12) – Advice: professionalism, mindset, and consistency (1:13:05) – Julie's message: know your dance history & icons (1:16:16) – Gala of the Stars — Julie honored with Trailblazer Award(1:16:57) – Closing: gratitude, selfies, and inspiration for young dancersBiography:Julie McDonald is the visionary co-owner of McDonald Selznick Associates (MSA) and a trailblazer in dance and choreography representation. In 1985, she launched the first talent agency devoted exclusively to dance, setting a new standard for advocacy, professionalism, and artistic excellence in the industry.From the outset, Julie championed fair terms and improved working conditions for dancers and choreographers, tirelessly promoting the visibility and integrity of commercial dance. In 2000, she joined forces with Tony Selznick to found MSA, which today represents a roster of award‑winning talent. Her clients have earned Emmy, Tony, MTV, and MTV Awards—while leading the creative teams behind Broadway hits, Las Vegas spectaculars, high‑profile films, television dramas, sitcoms, and major awards shows (Emmy, Grammy, Oscar).A dedicated collaborator and industry visionary, Julie co‑created the American Choreography Awards (1994–2004), celebrating excellence in dance across media. Her pioneering work has been recognized with Lifetime Achievement Awards from both the Choreographers Carnival and McCallum's Choreography Festival.Through her ongoing projects and continued leadership at MSA, Julie McDonald remains a powerful force in shaping the future of dance, honoring its past, and empowering the artists who bring it to life.Connect on Social Media:Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/juliemcdonaldmsa/

MSA, what a way to end the season. Grueling and daunting, it's a track that other venues will forever be compared against. It feels wrong that this could be the last World Cup at Mont Sainte Anne for a long time (if not ever). At least the final send-off race was one to remember. For our crew, it was memorable because our guy Dak, against a lot of odds, slotted himself into 4th place less than a year after a life-altering injury. We couldn't be prouder. In this episode, we chat about Dak's program (or lack thereof) going into the off-season, Jackson doing Jackson things to take the overall title, the current rider pool being so deep, tire sealant tips, Rampage thoughts, and what type of content is even engaging these days. Thanks for listening and supporting the podcast this season! 

In episode 218, host Galit Friedlander and guest Ben “BTEK” Chung (Kinjaz co-founder, Jabbawockeez, America's Best Dance Crew, and entrepreneur/consultant) dig into what happens when you refuse to take the conventional route. Ben shares how he went from production work at MTV to dancing full-time, creating his own lane instead of following someone else's path. We talk about best communication practices, navigating contracts with confidence, and redefining success as your career and even priorities change. Ben opens up about mindset, faith, and finding growth in life's detours, plus what it really takes to stay sharp and inspired over the long game. Follow Galit: Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/gogalit Website - https://www.gogalit.com/ On-Demand Fitness Courses - https://galit-s-school-0397.thinkific.com/collections Follow Ben Chung: Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/btek_benchung Werkflow - https://www.werkflow.us/

The Windows 25H2 update is shrouded in mystery, but does it actually bring anything new to the table... or just more headaches for upgraders? Paul has been updating the Field Guide for 25H2, which will be an all-new addition. This is a chance to re-evaluate workarounds on unsupported hardware. This one still works: You can easily upgrade any Windows 10 or 11 PC, supported or not, using the 25H2 ISO and the D:setup.exe /product server command line. Windows 11 25H2 is out. Or is it? (New segment: This week in no one has 25H2 yet) New Dev and Beta builds enforce MSA at first sign-in This is the right choice for everybody, and enthusiasts can still use a local account sign-in After a leak, Microsoft announces new OneDrive client with Copilot integration and agents are on the way (of course they are), with new mobile clients etc. Mozilla Firefox finally supports profiles, PWAs Also, Brave has over 100 million users now AI OpenAI inks a major deal with AMD too ChatGPT is now a platform with support for third-party apps Perplexity Comet now free to all with usage limits Xbox and gaming Hand-wringing over Xbox reaches all-time high with Game Pass Ultimate price hike How bad is it and what can Xbox do to reassure fans? Microsoft: Just kidding on Game Pass Ultimate price hike, but only in certain countries Microsoft: No, we have not cancelled the next-gen Xbox console Hands-on with the Legion Go 2! Windows can work as a mobile gaming platform. Just not right now New Game Pass titles across PC, console, and cloud for early October a bit later than usual Free, ad-supported Xbox Cloud Gaming tier is on the way Total victory for Epic Games in Epic v. Google, Google must open up Play Store this month Tips & picks Tip of the week: Upgrade to Windows 11 on unsupported hardware App pick of the week: Opera Neon RunAs Radio this week: Managing for Failure with Amy Norris Brown liquor pick of the week: Weller 12 Hosts: Leo Laporte, Paul Thurrott, and Richard Campbell Download or subscribe to Windows Weekly at https://twit.tv/shows/windows-weekly Check out Paul's blog at thurrott.com The Windows Weekly theme music is courtesy of Carl Franklin. Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free shows, a members-only Discord, and behind-the-scenes access. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: helixsleep.com/windows 1password.com/windowsweekly zapier.com/windows

The Windows 25H2 update is shrouded in mystery, but does it actually bring anything new to the table... or just more headaches for upgraders? Paul has been updating the Field Guide for 25H2, which will be an all-new addition. This is a chance to re-evaluate workarounds on unsupported hardware. This one still works: You can easily upgrade any Windows 10 or 11 PC, supported or not, using the 25H2 ISO and the D:setup.exe /product server command line. Windows 11 25H2 is out. Or is it? (New segment: This week in no one has 25H2 yet) New Dev and Beta builds enforce MSA at first sign-in This is the right choice for everybody, and enthusiasts can still use a local account sign-in After a leak, Microsoft announces new OneDrive client with Copilot integration and agents are on the way (of course they are), with new mobile clients etc. Mozilla Firefox finally supports profiles, PWAs Also, Brave has over 100 million users now AI OpenAI inks a major deal with AMD too ChatGPT is now a platform with support for third-party apps Perplexity Comet now free to all with usage limits Xbox and gaming Hand-wringing over Xbox reaches all-time high with Game Pass Ultimate price hike How bad is it and what can Xbox do to reassure fans? Microsoft: Just kidding on Game Pass Ultimate price hike, but only in certain countries Microsoft: No, we have not cancelled the next-gen Xbox console Hands-on with the Legion Go 2! Windows can work as a mobile gaming platform. Just not right now New Game Pass titles across PC, console, and cloud for early October a bit later than usual Free, ad-supported Xbox Cloud Gaming tier is on the way Total victory for Epic Games in Epic v. Google, Google must open up Play Store this month Tips & picks Tip of the week: Upgrade to Windows 11 on unsupported hardware App pick of the week: Opera Neon RunAs Radio this week: Managing for Failure with Amy Norris Brown liquor pick of the week: Weller 12 Hosts: Leo Laporte, Paul Thurrott, and Richard Campbell Download or subscribe to Windows Weekly at https://twit.tv/shows/windows-weekly Check out Paul's blog at thurrott.com The Windows Weekly theme music is courtesy of Carl Franklin. Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free shows, a members-only Discord, and behind-the-scenes access. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: helixsleep.com/windows 1password.com/windowsweekly zapier.com/windows

The Windows 25H2 update is shrouded in mystery, but does it actually bring anything new to the table... or just more headaches for upgraders? Paul has been updating the Field Guide for 25H2, which will be an all-new addition. This is a chance to re-evaluate workarounds on unsupported hardware. This one still works: You can easily upgrade any Windows 10 or 11 PC, supported or not, using the 25H2 ISO and the D:setup.exe /product server command line. Windows 11 25H2 is out. Or is it? (New segment: This week in no one has 25H2 yet) New Dev and Beta builds enforce MSA at first sign-in This is the right choice for everybody, and enthusiasts can still use a local account sign-in After a leak, Microsoft announces new OneDrive client with Copilot integration and agents are on the way (of course they are), with new mobile clients etc. Mozilla Firefox finally supports profiles, PWAs Also, Brave has over 100 million users now AI OpenAI inks a major deal with AMD too ChatGPT is now a platform with support for third-party apps Perplexity Comet now free to all with usage limits Xbox and gaming Hand-wringing over Xbox reaches all-time high with Game Pass Ultimate price hike How bad is it and what can Xbox do to reassure fans? Microsoft: Just kidding on Game Pass Ultimate price hike, but only in certain countries Microsoft: No, we have not cancelled the next-gen Xbox console Hands-on with the Legion Go 2! Windows can work as a mobile gaming platform. Just not right now New Game Pass titles across PC, console, and cloud for early October a bit later than usual Free, ad-supported Xbox Cloud Gaming tier is on the way Total victory for Epic Games in Epic v. Google, Google must open up Play Store this month Tips & picks Tip of the week: Upgrade to Windows 11 on unsupported hardware App pick of the week: Opera Neon RunAs Radio this week: Managing for Failure with Amy Norris Brown liquor pick of the week: Weller 12 Hosts: Leo Laporte, Paul Thurrott, and Richard Campbell Download or subscribe to Windows Weekly at https://twit.tv/shows/windows-weekly Check out Paul's blog at thurrott.com The Windows Weekly theme music is courtesy of Carl Franklin. Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free shows, a members-only Discord, and behind-the-scenes access. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: helixsleep.com/windows 1password.com/windowsweekly zapier.com/windows

The Windows 25H2 update is shrouded in mystery, but does it actually bring anything new to the table... or just more headaches for upgraders? Paul has been updating the Field Guide for 25H2, which will be an all-new addition. This is a chance to re-evaluate workarounds on unsupported hardware. This one still works: You can easily upgrade any Windows 10 or 11 PC, supported or not, using the 25H2 ISO and the D:setup.exe /product server command line. Windows 11 25H2 is out. Or is it? (New segment: This week in no one has 25H2 yet) New Dev and Beta builds enforce MSA at first sign-in This is the right choice for everybody, and enthusiasts can still use a local account sign-in After a leak, Microsoft announces new OneDrive client with Copilot integration and agents are on the way (of course they are), with new mobile clients etc. Mozilla Firefox finally supports profiles, PWAs Also, Brave has over 100 million users now AI OpenAI inks a major deal with AMD too ChatGPT is now a platform with support for third-party apps Perplexity Comet now free to all with usage limits Xbox and gaming Hand-wringing over Xbox reaches all-time high with Game Pass Ultimate price hike How bad is it and what can Xbox do to reassure fans? Microsoft: Just kidding on Game Pass Ultimate price hike, but only in certain countries Microsoft: No, we have not cancelled the next-gen Xbox console Hands-on with the Legion Go 2! Windows can work as a mobile gaming platform. Just not right now New Game Pass titles across PC, console, and cloud for early October a bit later than usual Free, ad-supported Xbox Cloud Gaming tier is on the way Total victory for Epic Games in Epic v. Google, Google must open up Play Store this month Tips & picks Tip of the week: Upgrade to Windows 11 on unsupported hardware App pick of the week: Opera Neon RunAs Radio this week: Managing for Failure with Amy Norris Brown liquor pick of the week: Weller 12 Hosts: Leo Laporte, Paul Thurrott, and Richard Campbell Download or subscribe to Windows Weekly at https://twit.tv/shows/windows-weekly Check out Paul's blog at thurrott.com The Windows Weekly theme music is courtesy of Carl Franklin. Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free shows, a members-only Discord, and behind-the-scenes access. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: helixsleep.com/windows 1password.com/windowsweekly zapier.com/windows

The Windows 25H2 update is shrouded in mystery, but does it actually bring anything new to the table... or just more headaches for upgraders? Paul has been updating the Field Guide for 25H2, which will be an all-new addition. This is a chance to re-evaluate workarounds on unsupported hardware. This one still works: You can easily upgrade any Windows 10 or 11 PC, supported or not, using the 25H2 ISO and the D:setup.exe /product server command line. Windows 11 25H2 is out. Or is it? (New segment: This week in no one has 25H2 yet) New Dev and Beta builds enforce MSA at first sign-in This is the right choice for everybody, and enthusiasts can still use a local account sign-in After a leak, Microsoft announces new OneDrive client with Copilot integration and agents are on the way (of course they are), with new mobile clients etc. Mozilla Firefox finally supports profiles, PWAs Also, Brave has over 100 million users now AI OpenAI inks a major deal with AMD too ChatGPT is now a platform with support for third-party apps Perplexity Comet now free to all with usage limits Xbox and gaming Hand-wringing over Xbox reaches all-time high with Game Pass Ultimate price hike How bad is it and what can Xbox do to reassure fans? Microsoft: Just kidding on Game Pass Ultimate price hike, but only in certain countries Microsoft: No, we have not cancelled the next-gen Xbox console Hands-on with the Legion Go 2! Windows can work as a mobile gaming platform. Just not right now New Game Pass titles across PC, console, and cloud for early October a bit later than usual Free, ad-supported Xbox Cloud Gaming tier is on the way Total victory for Epic Games in Epic v. Google, Google must open up Play Store this month Tips & picks Tip of the week: Upgrade to Windows 11 on unsupported hardware App pick of the week: Opera Neon RunAs Radio this week: Managing for Failure with Amy Norris Brown liquor pick of the week: Weller 12 Hosts: Leo Laporte, Paul Thurrott, and Richard Campbell Download or subscribe to Windows Weekly at https://twit.tv/shows/windows-weekly Check out Paul's blog at thurrott.com The Windows Weekly theme music is courtesy of Carl Franklin. Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free shows, a members-only Discord, and behind-the-scenes access. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: helixsleep.com/windows 1password.com/windowsweekly zapier.com/windows

Join host Rahul K. Shah, MD, MBA, AAO-HNS EVP and CEO, for a historic conversation with two pioneers of surgical sleep medicine, Kathleen Yaremchuk, MD, MSA and B. Tucker Woodson, MD. Both were at Henry Ford Health in the early 1980s—the epicenter of American surgical sleep medicine—where they witnessed the birth of modern sleep apnea treatment. In this episode, discover how sleep apnea went from an unrecognized condition treated only with tracheotomy to a field with multiple treatment modalities. Dr. Yaremchuk and Dr. Woodson share firsthand accounts of working with Dr. Shiro Fujita as he adapted a Japanese snoring procedure into the groundbreaking UPPP surgery, trace the evolution from skeletal and soft tissue surgeries to neuromodulation with Inspire therapy, and discuss the newest frontier: pharmaceutical treatments including GLP-1 medications. This conversation spans four decades of innovation and offers a rare glimpse into the future of otolaryngology's continued role in sleep medicine.

In this episode, Chip and Gini discuss how to handle situations when the problems affecting an agency’s client relationship stem from external contacts like procurement, IT, or the sales team. They emphasize treating client contacts as allies and not enemies, and provide strategies to navigate bureaucratic hurdles and internal politics. The discussion covers creative problem-solving techniques such as using MSAs, having biweekly calls with VPs of Sales, and understanding cultural differences. The importance of having a collaborative approach and pre-building relationships to effectively manage challenges is also highlighted. Key takeaways Chip Griffin: “Treat your client contact as an ally, not the enemy.” Gini Dietrich: “We have several clients who have procurement done in another country, and English is not their first language. And so we find that some of the barriers to success are not because of the things that we assume.” Chip Griffin: “When you run up against an obstacle, try to figure out is there a creative way that we can get from here to there?” Gini Dietrich: “We always ask what the threshold is for financial amounts because there’s usually an amount of money that your client contact can approve without it going to procurement or to their boss or whatever happens to be.” Related How agencies should handle procurement and legal How to onboard new agency clients Getting agency-client contracts done right View Transcript The following is a computer-generated transcript. Please listen to the audio to confirm accuracy. Chip Griffin: Hello and welcome to another episode of the Agency Leadership Podcast. I’m Chip Griffin. Gini Dietrich: And I’m Gini Dietrich. Chip Griffin: And Gini, I’ve got this, this invisible guy over here, and he’s telling me what we need to do for this show today. And, and we have to follow it to the letter if we wanna record. Gini Dietrich: Oh, who is it? Chip Griffin: I dunno, but if someone, someone is telling me that we need to, to record an episode about what to do when your problem isn’t the client contact for your agency, but it’s someone else, someone off screen who’s telling them what they have to do and it’s causing problems for your relationship. Gini Dietrich: Oh, someone like procurement or IT? Chip Griffin: Someone like procurement. Mm-hmm. IT, the sales team. Gini Dietrich: Mm-hmm. Chip Griffin: The CEO. Gini Dietrich: Mm-hmm. Chip Griffin: All sorts of people who may not be involved in any of the day-to-day work that our client contacts are doing, but they are just involved enough that they can cause trouble. Gini Dietrich: Mm-hmm. Kind of like me having to tell a client’s VP of sales the other day that we’re not their local Kinkos. Chip Griffin: Yes. Gini Dietrich: Yeah. I actually used those words. Chip Griffin: I mean, to be fair, FedEx Kinko’s now, so you’re, you’re dating yourself, but Gini Dietrich: I, fair, yes, you’re right. But also it got the point across. Chip Griffin: Yes, it got the point across, but, but did it resolve the situation or did they just say Gini Dietrich: It did resolve the situation. Okay, good. Good. I think it made him mad, but he understood that we’re not here to just print the brochures for him. Chip Griffin: Yeah. No, that is, that is not the role of an agency. But no, a lot of times we do have these, these pressures or our, or really it’s our client contacts who feel the immediate pressure, right? They get, they get told by procurement that they have to, to find a way to cut the budget with their agency. They get told by IT that, you know, you can’t do this with email or that with your website or those kinds of things, or there are all these extra hoops to jump through and there’s no budget to pay for all those extra hoops or, I mean, just any number of different things that, that we see as agencies that we have to find some way to deal with. And it’s tough because when it’s our client contact, we can at least have a direct conversation. But when it’s someone who is, who is literally off screen, for most of us, since we’re doing these conversations typically by Zoom these days. Someone offscreen meddling is a lot harder to deal with. So, so what is your advice to an agency owner who says, look, I’ve, I’ve got these challenges and, and my client contact agrees with me, but, but how can I help them to get this across the goal line the way we need to? Gini Dietrich: Yeah, it depends on what it is for sure. I mean, we’ve had the situation where procurement, of course, has wanted us to reduce fees. So then it’s a conversation with the client contact to say, Hey, listen, this is what they’re asking us for. That means we’re gonna have to take this, this, and this out of this scope of work. Typically the client contact can influence that and go down and talk to procurement or send an email or do a support ticket or whatever it happens to be, to be able to influence that. And sometimes they can even elevate it or escalate it above to their supervisor or their supervisor’s supervisor. It just depends. But that’s usually where, usually where we start is saying If we do this, this is what it, this is how it will affect the work that we’re going to do together. And this is what you can expect. And typically they’ll, they’ll go to bat for you. So I would start there for sure. Chip Griffin: Right. I mean, I think that that fundamentally what you’re describing is, is treating your client contact as an ally, not the enemy. Gini Dietrich: Yep. Chip Griffin: And, and it is tough because sometimes when we, when we hear these things, it’s, it’s often, you know, we often put ourselves in the position of wanting to shoot the messenger because that’s who we’re, we’re talking to our client contact on a daily basis. And when they tell us, you know, these are the rules or these are the things we need to do, you know, we, we can get frustrated with them, but we need to remember. Most of the time or many of the times, it’s not them. They, they have the same view we do. And so we need to try to figure out how we can work together to overcome their internal obstacle. And it, and it does mean that, you know, we may need to make some compromises ourself. We may need to, to invest a little bit more time and energy into helping things done. And some of that may be uncompensated time. If needed in order to, to try to, to clear these hurdles. But they are necessary hurdles to clear. Otherwise we may not be able to achieve the results or we may have to, to eliminate some of our profit margin or any number of different problems that we may run into if we’re not willing to invest in the short term in overcoming those difficulties. Gini Dietrich: Yeah. And I would say most of the time people are pretty reasonable. You can, you can say, and usually your client contact is gonna be like, Ugh, this is so frustrating. I can’t have you reduce the scope, right? Because we need to do these things and I’m held accountable to those results. And so, you know, so it, so the…It, it rolls downhill for sure. So usually they will go to bat for you and we’ve had a couple of examples where they’ve had to go to their supervisor and say, Hey, I need you to help me push this through. But for the most part, I think you’re right. If you can use your client contact as the ally, you can usually get things done the way you need it to, to be done. Chip Griffin: And I think the other thing we need to do is, is remind ourselves that, that these unseen actors are by and large, not bad people either. They’re just, they’re, they’re doing their job in the way that they think is best. So, so even procurement, and we all love to dump on procurement. Fairly in my view, because a lot of them are looking just at the numbers and not really, Gini Dietrich: it’s a little challenging. Yeah, yeah. Chip Griffin: So, but, but we need to remember that, that they are people. And so, you know, our first instinct as, as we usually advise on this show, is to treat other people like humans. And, and if you can, try to relate to them. If you can try to, I mean, one of the things I always advise is try to get them in the conversation. Don’t, don’t play a game of telephone because a game of telephone is hard to win. You, you can’t because you know, now you’re just trying to coach up your client contact on, on what they need to say. But you’re not part of the conversation. You’re not, you’re not sure if, if something is getting lost in translation in either direction, frankly. Right, right. And so you really want to try to get to a place where you can get in the same room with whoever, whatever that external force is that’s causing difficulty for your relationship. Gini Dietrich: Yeah, for sure. And I, I think that’s really good advice. I think it’s sometimes I have the tendency to wanna go directly to the source, and you also have to be careful that, that may, from a political standpoint, may not be the right thing. So again, start with your client contact. Say, Hey, I’m happy to help you with this. Or, you know, wanna schedule a Teams call for all three of us, whatever happens to be, but… I’ve also gotten in trouble for going straight directly to the source to say, Hey, like how can we do this? So I would say, bring your client contact in as much as you can until they say, I’m happy for you to take this on, or let me schedule a call, or whatever happens to be. Chip Griffin: Right. Or, or, I mean, I would say just the, the flip side to that is if you get all of you in a room, and I agree, that’s where you should start. If you read that room and there’s some friction between your internal contact and whoever you’re really trying to deal with, then I would try to extract your client contact sooner rather than later. Yes, absolutely. Yes, because sometimes there’s internal politics going on or just personality differences or whatever, and so sometimes you can actually accomplish more if you, if you politely move on from having your client contact in those. It, you really have to, it’s a case by case situation. Sometimes it’s better to have them there so they can see what’s happening and they can either intervene or translate or at least you know, know what’s going on so that they can’t say, well, I don’t understand why you’re not doing this well, ’cause, you know, so and so in procurement told us we couldn’t, or so and so in sales is pushing in this direction. You know, you, you want to try to, to figure out what works in that particular situation. But certainly sometimes taking someone out the room who is part of the, the challenge can be helpful. Gini Dietrich: Yeah. And you said the word translation. I think it, we have several clients who, procurement is done in another country, and so English is not their first language, and so we find that some of the, the barriers to success are because of that and not because of the other things that we assume it is. So we always try to bring in somebody who can translate between us and them. Even if they speak English, you know, English not being their first language, and certainly not the u US culture that we have. You, it’s always good to have somebody in the room or on the, on the teams call that can help kind of finagle those things for you, especially if you don’t speak, you know, the language. And many of, many of the languages aren’t, that we face are not even like Spanish, French. They’re like Arabic, right. Or Chinese. And really, I dunno. Chip Griffin: Well, and, and sometimes it’s not just the language, it’s the culture as well. That Right. That can impact. Right, because there are, yep. There are certain cultures where it, it may be that, that, you know, they will always demand more than what they actually expect. ’cause they’re expecting to, to have pushback and negotiation. There are others where people will just say this, this is what we need. Let’s figure out how to get there. And, and having someone internally who can help you to understand, you know, what are they really asking for? What, what, you know, is this, is this a take it or leave it kind of thing? Or is there room to negotiate, either on, on price or activity or whatever to, to get to a, a happy place. And, and without that knowledge, that can be shared oftentimes by your client contact, it’s not just that you know, that you’re literally speaking different languages. It might be that, that there’s a lot in the, the culture that is different as well, that you need to, to grasp in order to get success. Gini Dietrich: You raised such a good point because there are some cultures who expect negotiation, like that’s just part of their culture. So having that understanding I think is really smart. Because that will help you too, because if they’re expecting you to negotiate, don’t be scared of that. Like go into it to negotiate. It’s kind of fun. Chip Griffin: Right, right. And, and there are, I mean, there are, there are opportunities to negotiate. There are, you know, knowing the motivations of the people. Sometimes you’re dealing with a department that are, you know, absolute rule followers, right. You know, if you, if you, if you talk with most IT professionals for example, they’re like, well, our policy says this and, and there’s no real easy wiggle room there. But sometimes you can have a rational conversation with them if you try to find alternatives. And instead of saying, well, we have to do that. Well, well, what if we tried this instead? Is there some other… Is there some other path that that might get us? Mm-hmm. To the same result? Mm-hmm. Or try to help them to understand why this really isn’t the risk that you think it is. I mean, I’ve, I’ve done in the past a lot of negotiations with defense contractors and those sorts of things, and they often have a whole litany of security procedures that you need to, to follow and that kind of stuff, and, and then, you know, you sometimes sit with them and say, well, look here, we’re not dealing with any sensitive information here. Right. This is all. This is all public media information. There’s nothing here that, that needs that level of protection. So is there, perhaps, you know, can we perhaps reach some accommodation? Or sometimes procurement will say, you need to carry an insurance policy for, you know, vehicular accidents. And I’m like, well, why? Like, I’m, I’m never gonna be driving for this contract. So that doesn’t really make any sense. And, and oftentimes that’s like construction firms, right? Where, you know, most of their vendors have some sort of a, a physical presence or something like that. And so you need to, to be able to have those rational conversations and say, okay, I understand this is your policy, but, but let’s talk through how might this actually apply to us and our situation. Gini Dietrich: Yeah, I think that’s really smart. And one of the things that we’ve started doing is, especially with the, the big, big companies is becoming part of their network. So anything that we do, any information that we share goes through their network. We all have email addresses that are our client, that have our, that end in our client’s, URL. We have access to their teams environment, you know, so we, we, for all intents and purposes, are part of their organization just for distributing information and nothing can come to our side, because they’re worried about IT and security. Right? And another thing is, is that we’ve, we always ask what the threshold is for financial amounts because there’s usually an amount of money that your client contact can approve without it going to procurement or to their boss or whatever happens to be. So we always find out what that is and see if we can work within those constraints. And sometimes we split up scope of work so that it falls underneath that threshold so that our client contact is the one who gets to approve it and it doesn’t have to go through all these other hoops and and hurdles. Chip Griffin: Right. And a lot of time it is also yet another argument for what we generally advocate for here, which is having a master services agreement plus individual statements of work. Yep, yep. So a lot of these things get dealt with just once when you do that master services agreement. That’s right. And now you’ve got a lot more potential wiggle room to deal with issues later on. Because you’re not having to, to introduce as many people for renewals and all of that kind of stuff. And, and it’s, it’s why I’m such a big supporter of the evergreen MSA with, and just hang off individual SOWs as needed. Gini Dietrich: Yes. Yes. I totally agree with that. We have one master of services agreement and we alphabetize our SOWs and I think we’re on AO right now for the year. So yeah, that, you know, that just tells you like how we’re able to do that without having to go through that whole rigamarole every single time. I mean, if we had to do that for all of those… I wouldn’t be able to get my day job done. Chip Griffin: Right. Well, and and your your point about, you know, understanding, you know, what are some of the thresholds internally for things, it’s really helpful for you to, to do some of that creative problem solving with your client contact. And when you run up against an obstacle, or something like that, you know, trying to figure out is there a creative way that we can get from here to there? Yep. Yep. And that might be by becoming part of their email system. It might be by have coming under a financial threshold. It might be by doing something through some affiliated organization. You know, maybe, maybe you become a subcontractor to someone else who’s already dealt with a lot of that kind of stuff. And you know, there’s a lot of different options that that can help you. To solve these issues. It won’t solve every one of them. Sometimes you have to deal with them head on, but if you can find ways to creatively get around those obstacles, that can be really helpful. Gini Dietrich: Yeah, I know that a lot of the big companies have usually an agency of record and will the, the AOR can bring in smaller agencies under their umbrella so that you don’t have to deal with those kinds of things. So if that, you know, I would ask that question. Does it make more sense for us to come under the AOR? And in most cases, the agency of record is set up to, to handle that so that. You know, it makes, it makes it easier for the client to hire the teams that they want without the teams having to do all the insurance and all of the vehicular accident insurance and things that you really don’t need, but it prevents you from having to do that kind of stuff. So that’s another question you could ask is, is there an AOR that we could umbrella underneath. Chip Griffin: Right. So we, we’ve talked mostly about policy driven or financially driven obstacles from outside, but there are other, there are more strategic obstacles that can arise as well, or even tactical ones. And that typically comes from other business units. Particularly sales teams or senior executives who are not necessarily directly involved in your day-to-day work. And, and those can be sometimes a little bit trickier to deal with because you’re not dealing, I mean, there, there’s some benefit to dealing with black and white policy, right? Because now you can figure out, okay, how do we, how do we deal with these? Mm-hmm. When you’ve got a sales team saying, well, you’re not, this is not accomplishing enough, or this is not generating the right kinds of leads, or whatever it may be. That can sometimes be a little bit more challenging argument because it does, it often becomes a little bit more subjective. It often becomes a little bit more, you know, based on opinion as to, to what the best path forward is. And so that can be a challenging one to deal with because, you know, now you’re, you’re dealing with things that are not as, as clear cut and you can just reach a simple resolution. Gini Dietrich: Yeah, I mean, I am a big believer in the account lead, having a relationship with the sales lead. In some cases that might be the agency owner. You know, I have a really good relationship with at least three VP of sales for our clients, and I have biweekly calls with those guys to make sure that we’re on the same page, we’re doing the right things. I also have a relationship with one where I can tell ’em we’re not their Kinkos and we’re not here to print brochures. But I, I’m a strong believer in that. And I know we also talked last week about my process of doing quarterly assessments, and I think both of those things help in those kinds of relationships because now you have that ongoing relationship with sales. Who can, who you can say, let’s test this, or let’s test that. Or you know, you were in our quarterly assessment and we agreed to these things. Do you wanna keep going or do you wanna move to focus on that? And I will say that in some cases, especially, you know, if you’re working with a mid-sized company, the sales leader is constantly being, you know pressured to do more sales. And sometimes they’ll come and say, I just got my sales number increased by 20% and I need your help to do that. And I understand that it wasn’t part of our quarterly assessment. What can you do to help? So, you know, having those relationships and those on ongoing conversations I think helps a ton. Chip Griffin: And I, I think a lot of the same advice that we offered earlier in this conversation applies. Treat them as human. Don’t view them as the enemy, and instead say, okay, you know, I, I understand your challenge. How do we get there? And too often I see in organizations it’s, I think it’s fairly common for marketing to blame sales. Sales to blame marketing and sales and marketing both blame product or client service or whomever. Sure. May be in that particular organization and, and none of that is helpful because you are all on the same team ultimately. And so you need to try to find ways to work together and figure out, okay, how can we get the best possible outcome? Yes. And if it’s simply marketing saying, well, sales isn’t doing a good job of closing. Or sales saying, you’re not giving me enough good quality leads, that’s not helpful. Have a conversation, figure out, you know, why is it not achieving the results that, that you want or that executives want? Are, are those results even possible? If so, how do we get there? Is it changing our ideal client profile? Is it changing some of our tactics? Is it investing differently? There’s a lot of ways that you can get there, but it needs to be done collaboratively. And so in those cases, I strongly encourage you to work with your client contact to bring those other parties into the room and have a candid conversation. Yeah, yeah. And talk through what’s possible and honestly what isn’t. I mean, sometimes there are unrealistic views of what can be done. You know? Oh, let’s, you know, let’s double our leads next month. Okay. Well. How are we gonna do that? Mm-hmm. You know, you don’t just wave a magic wand say, okay, we’re gonna Gini Dietrich: Right. Woo, double your leads. Woo. Chip Griffin: We’re gonna, we’re gonna send you twice as many SQLs next month as last month. Or all of a sudden we’re gonna get, you know three times the earned media coverage. So sometimes it is just you really have to educate. This is not possible to do this on this timescale and instead talk about what is possible on that short timescale and what it would take to get to some of those more ambitious numbers. But you can only do that if you are having a real conversation in the room or if you’re talking with your client contact and saying, what do you need from us? How can we help you to have this conversation? Because sometimes they, they can’t or won’t bring the agency directly into the conversation. That’s your ideal. But you may just need to try to coach up, educate and provide resources to your client contact so that they can carry the water forward. Gini Dietrich: Yeah. You know what, last week we talked about. Not doing proposals for free and not giving away all your ideas and, and creating a sort of discovery phase in your process so that you’re getting paid for your ideas. And I think that’s part of this is part of that, which is as you’re doing your discovery and having conversations. It’s not just with the CEO and the CFO and the CO, like bring in the sales team, bring in the IT team, bring in members from those other customer service, the other teams that are gonna help you do your job. And not only that, but understand the culture and the organization better. Start to build those relationships in the beginning so that when these things happen, and they inevitably do happen, that you have those relationships already built and can have those really have really good, robust collaborative conversations. Chip Griffin: Right. I mean, that, that’s a, that’s a great point is to, to make sure that those relationships are not the kind of thing that you only think about when you’ve got these challenges arising. Yeah. They, they need to be pre stocked, if you will. I, I will say that, that I had a mild moment of panic when you said last week we talked about, and I’m like… I can’t remember what we talked about last week. Thank you. So thank you for elaborating on that. So I was not Gini Dietrich: So you may remember. You’re welcome. Chip Griffin: And I, and I realized that last week in our universe for this is only like four days ago, Gini Dietrich: Two days ago. Yes. Chip Griffin: Because of some scheduling anomalies. But yeah, my, my elderly brain was not able to remember that. Gini Dietrich: I think it’s ’cause you’re overly tired. Chip Griffin: Uh, that’s possible. It happens. Yeah. Plus I’m old, so there’s that too. On that note, I think, before I forget what we’re actually talking about here today, we’ll just draw this episode to a close. I think we’ve offered some useful tips that hopefully will help you to navigate some of these difficult challenges. And, and meanwhile, I’m gonna go talk to the invisible man and see if I did a good enough job that, that we can continue this show moving forward. Gini Dietrich: Maybe we’ll get a raise. Ask for a raise too, please. Chip Griffin: I mean, I just, I just, I don’t, I don’t want him to cancel the show, that’s all because I, I do enjoy recording this, even if I can’t remember what we talked about. So on that note, I’m Chip Griffin. Gini Dietrich: I’m Gini Dietrich, Chip Griffin: and it depends.

Parkinsonism is the term used to refer to a group of conditions – like multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and Lewy Body Dementia – which resemble Parkinson's in some of their symptoms. To discuss these sibling conditions, the Movers & Shakers are joined at the pub by guests from across the spectrum who share their stories – often very uplifting – about learning to live with the new realities brought on by their illnesses.Sponsored by Albion Chambers.Presented by Rory Cellan-Jones, Gillian Lacey-Solymar, Mark Mardell, Paul Mayhew-Archer, Sir Nicholas Mostyn and Jeremy Paxman.Produced and edited by Nick Hilton for Podot.Sound mixing by Ewan Cameron.Music by Alex Stobbs. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Brethren, this Short Talk Bulletin Podcast episode was written by RW Bro Stewart M. L. Pollard, Past Executive Secretary of the MSA, and is brought to us by WBro David Koncz, PM – United #8 ME. A recent survey asked the question: What is the most pressing problem facing the Craft today? Here we find […]

In episode 217, host Galit Friedlander and guest Ana Rokafella Garcia (legendary b-girl, co-founder of Full Circle Productions, choreographer, filmmaker, and adjunct professor at The New School), dive into the history, evolution, and impact of hip-hop. From growing up in New York City during the fires, crack epidemic, and AIDS crisis to discovering her voice in cyphers and clubs, Rokafella shares how dance carved out a future for her. She reflects on commercialization, gender dynamics, and visibility in the scene, while urging today's dancers to stay grounded in the culture's foundations. The conversation also touches on breaking at the Olympics, the tension between competition and community, and why hip-hop's resilience continues to guide her work. Follow Galit: Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/gogalit Website - https://www.gogalit.com/ On-Demand Fitness Courses - https://galit-s-school-0397.thinkific.com/collections Follow Rokafella: Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/larokafella Website - https://larokasoul.com/ Full Circle: https://www.instagram.com/fullcirclesouljahs Behind the Groove: https://www.instagram.com/behindthegroovenyc/ All the Ladies Say: https://www.instagram.com/alltheladiessay Listen to DanceSpeak on Apple Podcasts and Spotify.

MSA in 5 from Man Seeks Adventure Brad Fanshaw and Dave Marek have some great tips. EPISODE 117 Hear About: • Everything About Your Balls. • TV History • Micro Trips VISIT US: www.ManSeeksAdventure.com FOLLOW US ON INSTAGRAM @manseeksadventure @Bradley_Fanshaw @davidwmarek

MSA in 5 from Man Seeks Adventure Brad Fanshaw and Dave Marek have some great tips. EPISODE 116 Hear About: • Great Diners Along California's Hwy 1. • BALLARD TV Show with Maggie Q. VISIT US: www.ManSeeksAdventure.com FOLLOW US ON INSTAGRAM @manseeksadventure @Bradley_Fanshaw @davidwmarek

MSA in 5 from Man Seeks Adventure Brad Fanshaw and Dave Marek have some great tips. EPISODE 115 Hear About: • Monterey Car Week, the cars, the Fun, the Money! • A Hangover Burger in Anaheim. VISIT US: www.ManSeeksAdventure.com FOLLOW US ON INSTAGRAM @manseeksadventure @Bradley_Fanshaw @davidwmarek

MSA in 5 from Man Seeks Adventure Brad Fanshaw and Dave Marek have some great tips. EPISODE 114 Hear About: • The Days of the Long Three Martini Lunch May be Gone! • The Dark Web, What is it Really? VISIT US: www.ManSeeksAdventure.com FOLLOW US ON INSTAGRAM @manseeksadventure @Bradley_Fanshaw @davidwmarek

On Thursday's Mark Levin Show, Iran's nuclear ambitions and ballistic missile development pose an existential threat to Israel and American civilization, which cannot be ignored. Israel, possibly with U.S. assistance, will take military action to neutralize this threat, as Iran will not go away on its own. Iran's actions, including attacks via proxies and American casualties, demand a decisive military response, which is self-defense rather than nation-building. These radical Democrats, fifth-columnists, and isolationists lack any strategy and moral clarity. Also, the people of Israel are never discussed by the media. They face severe challenges every day, especially in Tel Aviv, where ballistic missiles from Iran target hospitals and public areas, forcing families into bomb shelters. They are in constant fear with a disrupted quality of life. Media outlets ignore these struggles and ignore the regime's history of killing and maiming American soldiers. Later, Zuhdi Jasser calls in and addresses the mindset of the isolationists and fifth columnists who deliberately ignore the existential threat posed by Iran's theocratic regime and its proxies like Hezbollah and the Houthis. He emphasizes that these groups are driven by a radical theology that glorifies suicide bombing, chaos, and the targeting of non-combatants, with the ultimate goal of triggering an apocalyptic scenario tied to the return of the 12th Imam. Jasser asserts that Iran's uranium enrichment is clearly aimed at developing nuclear weapons, not peaceful purposes, and warns that the regime would use such weapons, likening its leadership to a cult willing to commit national fratricide. Finally, Sayyid Qutb's book Milestones, promotes pure Islam and strict shariah, rejecting Western values and most modern Muslims as ignorant (jahiliyyah). Groups like CAIR, ISNA, ICNA, MSA, and MPAC dismiss devout Muslims who oppose their views. Qutb's ideas fuel sectarian violence and terrorism by groups like Hamas and al-Qaida, and states like Iran, which pursues nuclear weapons through deception (taqiyya). Western appeasement fails to counter this clash with democratic values. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices