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In 25 Jahren Tagesgespräch waren Expeditionen und Alpinismus wiederholt Thema. Für die Sommerserie treffen sich Evelyne Binsack, die die «drei Pole» der Welt aus eigener Kraft erreichte, Albin Schelbert, der Erstbesteiger des Dhaulagiri 1960, und Frank Senn, Bergdokumentarfilmer seit 30 Jahren. Max Eiselin stellte 1960 eine Truppe zusammen, die den 8000er im Himalaya, den Dhaulagiri, besteigen sollte. Es war der erste Berg, an dem sich Alpinisten versuchten, da man ihn zuerst für den höchsten der Welt hielt. Es sollte der letzte Gipfel sein, den jemand erreichte. Wie kam Albin Schelbert zu dieser Expedition? Warum nahmen sie einen Pilatus Porter mit? Und warum war Schelbert der erste Mensch auf dem Dhaulagiri? Evelyne Binsack reiste als Helikopterpilotin mit anderen Plänen zum Mount Everest, als ihn zu erklimmen. Warum war sie dennoch die erste Schweizerin auf dem Gipfel? Seit 30 Jahren verfolgt Frank Senn das Geschehen rund um die höchsten Gipfel und steilsten Wände als Dokumentarfilmer. Woher kommt diese Faszination? In der Sommerserie 25 Jahre Tagesgespräch treffen sich die ehemaligen Gäste zu einer gemeinsamen Runde. Binsack, Schelbert und Senn sind die Gäste in der Sommerserie 25 Jahre Tagesgespräch bei Karoline Arn.
Den här veckan möter vi Albin Tanke, präst och psykoterapeut i Malmö. Temat för veckan är Klarsynens tid. Lyssna på alla avsnitt i Sveriges Radios app. Ur andakten:När jag drabbas av stress får jag lätt tunnelseende. Inte bokstavligt talat, utan mer på ett sätt som gör att livet liksom blir mindre. Jag stirrar mig blind på detaljer, jag kommer inte loss och jag får svårt att lyfta blicken och se i det större perspektivet. Det levande i livet begränsas och det är som om en autopilot slås på inom mig. Ofta glömmer jag i min stress möjligheten att bjuda in andra i mitt liv. Jag glömmer att be om hjälp och fråga om andras perspektiv och jag glömmer att glädjas åt det som är värt att glädjas över.Då behöver jag se med större klarsyn. Öppna för förmågan att kunna se lite bredare, lite större och ur andra och djupare perspektiv. När jag försöker lyfta min blick blir proportionerna annorlunda och stressen får inte riktigt samma makt som tidigare. När jag aktivt tänker på att sänka mina axlar, att slappna av, att ta några steg tillbaka och andas. Då möter livet igen. Plötsligt får jag syn på andras välvilja. Jag är inte ensam.Text:1 Joh 3:18-20Musik:Månvalsen av och med Dan MalmquistProducent:Susanna Némethliv@sverigesradio.se
Intracerebral hemorrhage carries high morbidity and mortality, but growing evidence highlights meaningful opportunities for prevention, risk reduction, and long-term recovery. This episode covers key strategies, including blood pressure management, interpretation of neuroimaging markers, and individualized decisions around antithrombotic therapy. It also emphasizes the prolonged recovery timeline and the importance of a holistic, patient-centered approach to improving outcomes. In this episode, Casey S. Albin, MD, FAAN, speaks with Wendy C. Ziai, MD, and Vishank A. Shah, MD, coauthors of the article "Intracerebral Hemorrhage" in the Continuum® June 2026 Cerebrovascular Disease issue. Dr. Albin is a Continuum® Audio interviewer, associate editor of media engagement, and an assistant professor of neurology and neurosurgery at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Ziai is a professor of neurology and critical care medicine at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland. Dr. Shah is an assistant professor of neurology and critical care medicine at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland. Additional Resources Read the article: Intracerebral Hemorrhage Subscribe to Continuum®: shop.lww.com/Continuum Earn CME (available only to AAN members): continpub.com/AudioCME Continuum® Aloud (verbatim audio-book style recordings of articles available only to Continuum® subscribers): continpub.com/Aloud More about the American Academy of Neurology: aan.com Social Media facebook.com/continuumcme @ContinuumAAN Host: @caseyalbin Guest: @VishankShah3 Full episode transcript available here Dr Albin: A patient has suffered an intracerebral hemorrhage. They're taken to the neuro ICU, and they fortunately survive. But the journey does not end there. In fact, in some ways, the journey has just begun. Join us today as we unpack holistic care for ICH patients. Dr Jones: This is Dr. Lyell Jones, Editor-in-Chief of Continuum. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio. Be sure to visit the links in the episode notes for information about earning CME, subscribing to the journal, and exclusive access to interviews not featured on the podcast. Dr Albin: Hello to our audience. This is Dr. Casey Albin. Today, I'm interviewing Dr. Wendy Ziai and Dr. Vishank Shah about their article on intracerebral hemorrhage. This article appears in the April 2026 Continuum issue on cerebrovascular disease. Welcome to the podcast. I am so delighted that both of you are joining. To begin, let's just do a brief introduction of who you are and, and a little bit of how you got interested in the topic. Dr Ziai: Hi, I'm Wendy Ziai. Thank you for having me on this podcast. I am a professor of neurology at Johns Hopkins. I am a neurointensivist, and I think I got primarily interested in this topic through clinical trials that I have been a part of since my fellowship days. Dr Shah: Hi, everyone. I'm, uh, Vishank Shah. I am also, uh, very thankful for being invited to be a part of this podcast. I'm also a neurointensivist at Hopkins and the fellowship program director here for neurocritical care, and I'm interested in recovery after ICH, and that's why I'm a part of this work. Dr Albin: Welcome to you both. It is such a treat for me to get to interview fellow neurointensivist, particularly those who have such a wealth of experience. So, I am delighted to dive into this. All right. So, to set the stage for our audience, intracerebral hemorrhage has long been approached with pessimism. But your article really highlights that there are meaningful advantages in prevention and risk stratification and long-term recovery for these patients. Though you both are neurointensivist, this article really emphasizes primary prevention and the holistic long-term care for the survivors. And so, to begin, Dr. Shah, can you just lay out a little bit for our listeners the scope of intracerebral hemorrhage and its community impact? Dr Shah: Yeah. So, you know, ICH is the second most common type of stroke. There are more than three million new cases of ICH globally each year, and it accounts for thirty percent of all stroke types, but it is the one that has the highest mortality, with more than forty to fifty percent of the patients dying in the first thirty days, and then continued long-term impact on both functional as well as outcomes, as well as survivorship after the early period. And it also disproportionately impacts lower socioeconomic, and then minority races like Blacks, Asians, as well as Hispanic ethnicity. And so, there's a lot of work that needs to be done to reduce the burden of this disease. Dr Albin: Absolutely. I mean, these can really be devastating for families, and I really am appreciative of your highlighting that there's a lot of disparities, and there's a lot of work to be done to really increase equity to these patients. I think a lot of this goes into really the AAN's focus on brain health and trying to improve some of what we're doing to maintain brain health. And I really wanted to kind of drill down on this because for ICH, there's a lot that can be done upfront as we think about how do we counsel patients who may walk into the office about strategies to prevent ever becoming an intracerebral hemorrhage patient. So, Dr. Shah, can you walk us through a little bit about what neurologists in the community need to be doing to make sure that no one ends up with us in the neurointensive care unit? Dr Shah: Yeah, sure. So, I think, you know, one of the most important risk factors is, of course, hypertension and long-standing uncontrolled hypertension. And so really recognizing the need for early onset screening with regular blood pressure monitoring at a very early age, particularly in the races that I discussed earlier. And then I think another big part, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type two diabetes. And I think there's a lot of interesting new work that with the GLP-1 agonist, you know, in a large multicenter cohort studies showing that patients receiving these had a significantly lower reduction risk of ICH. And so, this might be a really important part that, you know, clinicians need to start increasingly recognizing and using in their practice. And then, of course, other risk factors that are common include smoking, diet high in sodium, exposure to air pollution, both indoor as well as outdoor. And so, mitigating all of these risk factors can also reduce the burden of ICH. Dr Albin: Absolutely. And I really want to highlight that hypertension plays such an important role and that we as neurointensivist, as community neurologists, really need to be creative about ways that we can help people meet those blood pressure target and meeting people in the community where they are, making sure that they're not suffering from side effects from their medication that would prevent them from sticking with it long term. Dr. Ziai, anything else to add about what we can do in the community? Dr Ziai: So, we really want to emphasize, even in the acute phase, that patients moving forward need to have targeted interventions to reduce blood pressure, smoking, enhance their physical activity, have a diet that is high in fruits and vegetables and low in alcohol and salt, and then promoting weight loss, of course. Dr Albin: And Dr. Ziai, I'm gonna ask you a little bit about one of the things that maybe not all of our listeners have heard about is this APOE2, APOE4 genetic risk for intracerebral hemorrhage. What's going on there and, and should clinicians be testing for that? Dr Ziai: That's a great question, and it is not one that we currently test people for at least acute ICH presentation. APOE2 and A4- E4 alleles, these give patients a two to three times higher risk of ICH by increasing cerebral amyloid deposition. And if you happen to have APOE2 carrier ship status, then along with other risk factors like white matter disease and vascular risk factors, these predict the onset of new microbleeds even during very short follow-up periods of about two years. And as we know, having cerebral microbleeds are associated with an increased risk of all strokes, ischemic and ICH, but they are one of many MRI markers of small vessel disease, which along with cortical superficial siderosis, does significantly increase future ICH risk. And so even in people who've never had an ICH, if they happen to have an MRI, it may be reasonable to look at the MRI and incorporate this burden of small vessel disease, and especially these hemorrhagic markers into, uh, decision-making about interventions. Dr Albin: That's a really excellent point. And so, I think that your article did a really beautiful job of thinking holistically about the patient, incorporating clinical markers of their risk for having ICH, but also those radiographic markers. I'm just gonna ask you to summarize those again one more time because not everyone will be familiar with these. So, when you're looking at an MRI, what are the things that you're particularly clued in on that would increase the patient's risk of future ICH? Dr Ziai: In the past, what we're looking for really is markers of cerebral amyloid angiopathy, which significantly increase a person's risk for lobar hemorrhage in particular. And so, we have a set of criteria called the Boston Criteria, and there's a new version of these, version 2.0. And these, um, incorporate a number of imaging markers that provide a very high sensitivity and specificity to diagnose CAA after an ICH. But even if someone's never had an ICH, and they evaluate that risk-benefit ratio for different cardiovascular prevention strategies. And so, the markers that we're specifically interested in are, of course, microbleeds. But not just having microbleeds, but are they lobar or are they deep? Lobar having a higher risk for lobar ICH. How many microbleeds are there? Is it greater than five, or is it just one or two? Also, cortical superficial siderosis is a marker, a hemorrhagic marker, that does portend a significant increased risk of recurrent ICH, along with having a lobar ICH. And now we have these new markers, which are the white matter hyperintensity multi spot pattern, which requires these hyperintensities on flare imaging in the subcortical area, having greater than at least ten of these multi spots, and also having enlarged perivascular spaces in the centrum semiovale, and having at least twenty of those. And finally, white matter hyperintensities, which can be measured with the physica score or just by visualizing them. We can look at white matter hyperintensities as well as being a measure of small vessel disease. Dr Albin: Got it. And so just to summarize, we're looking for small vessel disease markers because that puts our patients at higher risk of ongoing future bleeds. And then we're also looking for markers of particularly small vessel disease that's caused by cerebral amyloid angiopathy, which again, because it's having that protein deposition, that puts the patient at risk of those leptomeningeal very small vessels, putting the patient at risk of lobar ICH. Just confirming I've summarized this all correctly. Dr Ziai: Yes. That was perfect. Dr Albin: Amazing. Dr. Shah, I'm gonna go back to you. Let's say we have a patient. Let's say this is a sixty-five-year-old man who comes in and they want follow-up and they're... And you're trying to think about they've had an ICH in the past, and they are also at risk for ischemic disease. Let's say they, they have hypertension, they've had a smoking history. They have some risk for ischemic events. And you're trying to think about how do you balance those. Let's say the patient needs to be on aspirin but does have some of those high-risk features on their MRI. Is there any guidance on how we think through preventing them from having a recurrent bleed if they're a high-risk patient, also preventing them from having an ischemic event, which they might be at high risk for as well? Dr Shah: Yes. So, I think, you know, the first step is of course trying to understand what was the type of bleed. I think that has a very important role, like you mentioned. If it's a lobar hemorrhage versus a deep hemorrhage, the risk of recurrent ICH and ischemic events is very variable. So lobar hemorrhages, there's obviously a higher risk of recurrent hemorrhage events, whereas deep hemorrhage is actually at or behaves sort of like small vessel ischemic strokes and have a higher risk of recurrent arterial ischemic events. So that distinction in itself can help you gauge which patients would be safe and would benefit from these therapies. To begin, and of course, looking for some of these markers on MRI that were mentioned by Dr. Ziai for recurrence of hemorrhage risk. In terms of antiplatelet, the, there is a lot more data now to guide treatment, and we have the RESTART as well as the ESTART trial that showed that starting an, a single antiplatelet after intracerebral hemorrhage did not increase the risk of hemorrhage recurrence. They were very variable in the timing when aspirin was started, and so that remains still a question about what is the safest time point to start aspirin. For example, in the ESTART trial, they started them very early, within the first three days, whereas in the RESTART it was all the way up to two months after the hemorrhage. And so... But in general, the risk of recurrent ICH was very low with a single antiplatelet agent. And so, if it's needed for ischemic prevention, it's relatively safe broadly across all types of hemorrhages. Dr Ziai: Yeah. I would just mention that there was also a subgroup analysis of the RESTART trial using MRI. And so, this more than likely included patients with CAA, since 40% of the hemorrhages were lobar in that study, and therefore seeing that there was no increased risk of recurrent ICH in RESTART, it is thought that putting patients back on their antiplatelet therapy is safe. Dr Albin: That's a really huge takeaway pearl for our listeners, that regardless of whether it's a lobar bleed or a deep bleed, if there is a strong indication, you know, this is not just, oh, because someone gave them aspirin 81, but truly that there is a reason that they need to be on a single antiplatelet agent, it probably benefits them to be on that agent, and there's good data that there's not a huge increase in risk. Summarizing all of that? Dr Ziai: Great. Dr Albin: Now, things are gonna get a little bit tricky here, because what if the patient, what if they need to be on dual antiplatelet therapy? Or what if they need to be on anticoagulation? Dr. Ziai, I'll, I'll throw that to you. How do you tackle that patient population? Dr Ziai: Yeah, the safety of dual antiplatelet therapy hasn't really been studied in patients who've had a prior ICH. Although, in people who've had previous strokes, putting them on dual antiplatelets doesn't seem to increase the risk of ICH, but it does increase extracranial hemorrhage. And so there may be other reasons not to put patients on dual antiplatelet agents. Patients who have cancer and also cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, putting them on dual antiplatelet therapy does seem to increase the risk for intracranial hemorrhage. So, I think there is enough of a bias against DAPT therapy in patients who have had an ICH that we would not recommend DAPT for patients with a prior ICH. Dr Albin: Absolutely. And, and then what about, let's say they have atrial fibrillation, and you know that they have a high CHA2DS2-VASc score, and they are at very high risk of ischemic events, but they've also had a prior intracerebral hemorrhage. Walk us through a little bit, how should we approach that patient? Dr. Ziai, I'm gonna start with you again. Dr Ziai: Sure. So again, looking at the MRI, which all patients with ICH should have nowadays. If patients do have these hemorrhagic findings, a lobar ICH, evidence of CSS, cortical superficial siderosis, especially if it's disseminated, and also lobar microbleeds, especially if there are greater than five, if they're multiple, then anticoagulation should really be avoided in those patients. Dr Albin: Absolutely. So, I'm really hearing that when we have a patient with ICH, it is just critically important that we understand is this a hypertensive bleed or is this a lobar bleed that is probably related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy? And getting to that distinction is going to play a major role in our deciding whether or not the patient can be on DAPT or can be on anticoagulation. And then what are some of the strategies for patients that you're referring them to if they really cannot tolerate being on anticoagulation, but they have atrial fibrillation, and they do need some sort of ischemic stroke prevention? Dr Shah: There's still a lot of controversy, even in non-lobar hemorrhages, about resuming anticoagulation and when that would be safe. HAF trial, there was a reduction in ischemic stroke recurrence, uh, but a significantly higher increase in hemorrhage recurrences. I think that trial included both deep and lobar hemorrhages. So, we still need more data, and I think the ASPIRE trial and maybe a meta-analysis would answer that eventually. But in the meantime, if a, specifically for lobar hemorrhages, which are, uh, thought to be CAA related, if they, uh, and the patient has AFib, you know, where anticoagulation would be contraindicated, a watchman device or, you know, AFib ablation may be some of the other strategies that can be looked into for those patients specifically. Dr Albin: Right. I think that's a really important point to emphasize, that we don't just don't give up and say, "Oh, you're not a candidate for anticoagulation," but we really reach out to our cardiovascular friends and say, "Hey, what other procedures can you offer that will minimize the risk of recurrence?" You know, we don't want them to have an ischemic event, but we also know long-term that there would be a real risk of anticoagulation. Just reminder to our listeners that there are new procedures, and our cardiology colleagues are always doing new trials and new devices, and so we should really leverage their expertise here. I am in the final minutes gonna just switch gears a little bit from talking about sort of the nitty-gritty of secondary ischemic prevention and secondary hemorrhagic stroke prevention and thinking about there has been this degree of pessimism around ICH patients, and that, you know, they have a much more severe outcome than our patients with ischemic strokes. I think that that is probably a myth that we need to do some debunking around, and I think maybe we need to reframe in terms of thinking about just the trajectory. So, Dr. Shah, walk us through a little bit about what we can expect about the recovery trajectory in ICH compared to those patients who have an ischemic stroke. Dr Shah: Yes. From some newer data and studies, it is becoming clear that recovery after ICH is much slower than we expect. In general, for ischemic stroke, recovery is measured within the first few weeks to up to 90 days. But in ICH, we now know that patients can keep recovering all the way up to six months and even beyond. In general, from just a, a study of heart recovery that occurs after ischemic stroke, there's a steep recovery in the first seven days, and then sort of after that, patients still continue to recover, but it, it starts plateauing where up to 90 days. Whereas with ICH, there is not much recovery in the first 7 to 30 days, but after that, there is a recovery that occurs significantly between day 30 and day 180, and then some patients continue to recover all the way up to one year. The more severe the hemorrhage, the slower the recovery, but there's still some evidence to suggest that even severe hemorrhage patients can recover all the way up to one year out and beyond. This is, of course, in terms of functional recovery. Dr Albin: I think that's a really important point for our audience. Many of the listeners are residents, they're fellows, they're seeing these patients in the hospital, and they may not see a whole lot of improvement over even 30 days. But to keep in mind that just because the patient has not had a dramatic recovery within that first month that they may be in the ICU and then on the floor does not mean that that patient will never have recovery, and that we reset our expectations that recovery is possible, it's just gonna be slower. And I think that that's not only important for the healthcare team to take in mind, but also for patients and their families to know there is hope here. It's just gonna be slower. Dr. Ziai, looking ahead, what developments in this are you most excited about that you think will move the needle for care for the long-term outcomes and the prevention for these patients? What's ahead in, in ICH? Dr Ziai: Yeah, I think the research that's going on is very exciting at the moment. We just saw the presentation at the World Stroke Organization conference in the fall of the TRIDENT trial, Triple therapy prevention of Recurrent intracerebral Disease events, meaning strokes. And these investigators found that a single pill, a fixed dose of three blood pressure-lowering agents actually was successful in significantly reducing the risk of recurrent stroke in patients who have had a history of ICH and have just normal or low-grade hypertension. So rather than having patients on multiple antihypertensive agents, it may be possible to have them on a single pill, and may dramatically reduce their stroke risk. So that's exciting. There is also a trial ongoing, ASPIRING, testing whether antiplatelet monotherapy after 24 hours only can reduce the risk of all serious vascular events in ICH survivors. So very early antiplatelets. The SATURN trial, we didn't talk about statins yet, but it is comparing continuation versus discontinuation of statin therapy in ICH patients. And then we have ongoing epidemiological studies that are really needed to understand this interaction between the cardiovascular prevention strategies, the antithrombotic use, the blood pressure targets, and these high-risk neuroimaging markers for ICH. And I think that's gonna be key, personalizing the interventions for these patients. Dr Albin: So, I love that. And what I'm hearing is that it's really important to think about the personalized approach as well as how do we simplify things. We know that blood pressure control is critically important to the primary and secondary prevention of ICH, but we have to make it easy for patients to do so. Dr. Shah, I want to end with kind of understanding, you know, this was an unusual topic for neurointensivists to talk about. This was really about prevention. It was about long-term survivorship. It was about not what's happening in the neuro ICU. How did you guys get interested in sort of that aspect of care? Dr Shah: Yeah, so that's a great question. Dr. Ziai has been my mentor since I was in fellowship, so now about eight years that I've been working with her, and this was a project that I started in fellowship with under her mentorship, looking at long-term recovery in ICH patients, and specifically severe patients. Happy that work has received a lot of recognition. It was published in JAMA Neurology. We looked at patients with severe intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage, those that survived with an mRS of four and five at day 30, and what happened to them over the course of the year. There was really not much data on recovery after ICH. And we were very surprised to see that up to 40% of patients that were an mRS of four and five, so really, really severely disabled at day 30, recovered to an mRS of zero to three by one year. About one-third of that group that recovered actually achieved functional independence with an mRS of zero to two, which was very surprising, really breaking the myths around the pessimism with ICH. We found that a lot of the baseline comorbidities like diabetes, white matter disease, as well as what happens to them during the acute hospitalization, were adding all of that information to the severity of the hemorrhage significantly improved our ability to predict long-term recovery after ICH. And so that's kind of how we got interested in this work, looking at how factors in the care that we provide in the ICU, as well as what the patients come in with, how all of that could be modified to promote recovery in these patients that are often been forgotten. Dr Albin: I think that there's one takeaway to our listeners is that this is really a place where there's a lot of hope for recovery, and that the nihilism that has really surrounded ICH is a thing of the past, and we have to move forward with thinking about how do we proactively impact the recovery and counsel the patients and give them hope. Because just as your research shows, there really is the ability that they can attain that functional independence, which is absolutely astounding. It's really amazing. Again, today I've been interviewing Dr. Wendy Ziai and Dr. Vishank Shah about their article on intracerebral hemorrhage. This article appears in the April 2026 Continuum issue on cerebrovascular disease. Please be sure to check out Continuum Audio episodes from this and other issues. Please go and check out. They have a wonderful article with lots of tables and figures, so much data. And again, thank you to our listeners for joining us today. Thank you, Dr. Ziai and Dr. Shah. Dr Ziai: Thanks very much. Dr Shah: Thank you. Dr Monteith: This is Dr. Teshamae Monteith, Associate Editor of Continuum Audio. If you've enjoyed this episode, you'll love the journal, which is full of in-depth and clinically relevant information important for neurology practitioners. Use the link in the episode notes to learn more and subscribe. AAN members, you can get CME for listening to this interview by completing the evaluation at continpub.com/audioCME. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio.
Andre, Arian and Albin are here to wrap up this season.We talk about the finals that happened and we also talk about the MVP Awards!We also wrap up the season with a breakdown of every Playoff Teams season as a whole and what they need to focus on for the next season.
Fluent Fiction - Swedish: Finding Harmony in the Heart of Gamla Stan Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/sv/episode/2026-07-05-22-34-01-sv Story Transcript:Sv: Solen skiner över Gamla Stan, och de gamla kullerstenarna lyser mjukt i ljuset.En: The sun shines over Gamla Stan, and the old cobblestones glow softly in the light.Sv: Det är sommar i Stockholm och turister fyller gatorna.En: It is summer in Stockholm and tourists fill the streets.Sv: De beundrar de färgglada husen och snappar bilder av det historiska området.En: They admire the colorful houses and snap pictures of the historic area.Sv: Mitt i detta myller står Linnea, en ung musiker med fiolen i handen.En: Amid this bustle stands Linnea, a young musician with a violin in hand.Sv: Linnea spelar på Stortorget.En: Linnea plays at Stortorget.Sv: Hennes musik är mjuk, stark och passionerad.En: Her music is soft, strong, and passionate.Sv: Hon älskar musiken, men tvivlar ibland på sin förmåga.En: She loves the music but sometimes doubts her ability.Sv: "Är min musik verkligen bra nog för att nå någon?"En: "Is my music really good enough to reach someone?"Sv: undrar hon tyst för sig själv, medan hon ser människor gå förbi.En: she wonders quietly to herself as she watches people pass by.Sv: Hon längtar efter att någon ska stanna, lyssna och verkligen höra hennes själ i varje ton.En: She longs for someone to stop, listen, and truly hear her soul in every note.Sv: Albin vandrar genom Gamla Stan.En: Albin wanders through Gamla Stan.Sv: Han är turist, men söker något mer än bara bilder av sevärdheter.En: He is a tourist, but seeks something more than just pictures of sights.Sv: Han vill hitta en djupare mening på sina resor.En: He wants to find a deeper meaning on his travels.Sv: När han hör fiolen, stannar han längre än vanligt.En: When he hears the violin, he stops longer than usual.Sv: Faktum är att något i musiken rör vid hans hjärta.En: In fact, something in the music touches his heart.Sv: Men han tvekar, han är van vid att hålla avstånd till främlingar.En: But he hesitates, as he is used to keeping a distance from strangers.Sv: Något inom Albin säger honom att stanna.En: Something inside Albin tells him to stay.Sv: Linnea glömmer sina tvivel för ett ögonblick och bestämmer sig för att spela en ny, personlig låt.En: Linnea forgets her doubts for a moment and decides to play a new, personal song.Sv: Tonerna fyller luften, och det är som om hela torget stannar upp och lyssnar.En: The tones fill the air, and it's as if the whole square stops and listens.Sv: Albins hjärta rörs av musiken.En: Albin's heart is moved by the music.Sv: Han samlar mod och närmar sig Linnea när låten är slut.En: He gathers courage and approaches Linnea when the song is over.Sv: "Hej," säger han lite tveksamt, "din musik är fantastisk.En: "Hi," he says a bit hesitantly, "your music is amazing.Sv: Den talar verkligen till mig."En: It really speaks to me."Sv: Linnea ler, hennes hjärta lättat av hans ord.En: Linnea smiles, her heart relieved by his words.Sv: "Tack," säger hon, "jag är glad att du tyckte om det.En: "Thank you," she says, "I'm glad you liked it.Sv: Jag skriver musik för att dela känslor, hoppas att någon ska förstå."En: I write music to share emotions, hoping that someone will understand."Sv: De fortsätter prata, och märker att de har mycket gemensamt.En: They continue talking and notice that they have much in common.Sv: Linnea känner att hennes osäkerhet börjar försvinna.En: Linnea feels her insecurity beginning to fade.Sv: Albin, å sin sida, känner att han funnit en verklig förbindelse.En: Albin, on the other hand, feels he has found a real connection.Sv: Solen går ner över Gamla Stan medan de planerar att träffas igen, för att fånga fler ögonblick av musik och samtal.En: The sun sets over Gamla Stan as they plan to meet again, to capture more moments of music and conversation.Sv: När himlen mörknar, är luften fortfarande varm av sommaren.En: As the sky darkens, the air remains warm from summer.Sv: Linnea finner ny funnen tro på sin musik, och Albin känner att han äntligen hittar något äkta på sin resa.En: Linnea finds newfound faith in her music, and Albin feels he is finally finding something genuine on his journey.Sv: Tillsammans ser de fram emot nya möten, med musiken som förenar dem.En: Together, they look forward to new meetings, with music uniting them.Sv: I Gamla Stan har de funnit början på något speciellt.En: In Gamla Stan, they have found the beginning of something special. Vocabulary Words:cobblestones: kullerstenarnaglow: lyserbustle: myllerviolin: fiolenpassionate: passioneraddoubts: tvivlarability: förmågalongs: längtarwander: vandrardeeper: djuparemeaning: meninghesitates: tvekardistance: avståndgathers: samlarapproaches: närmarhesitantly: tveksamtamazing: fantastiskrelieved: lättatcommon: gemensamtinsecurity: osäkerhetfade: försvinnaconnection: förbindelsecapture: fångadarkens: mörknarnewfound: nyfunnenfaith: trogenuine: äktauniting: förenarbeginning: börjanspecial: speciellt
In episode 153, Andre and Albin guide you through the thrilling semifinals that took place last weekend. We take a deep dive into both games, with much of our attention paid to the endings of these games. We then discuss finals day in Carlstad, where the Carlstad Crusaders will face the Copenhagen Raptors in the women's final, and the Tyresö Royal Crowns will face the Stockholm Mean Machines in the men's final. Finally, we discuss some Nordic Storm, whose kinking woes was a deciding factor in their first loss of the season.
Fluent Fiction - Swedish: Stuck in Time: Albin's Midsummer Clog Adventure Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/sv/episode/2026-07-02-22-34-02-sv Story Transcript:Sv: Solen stod högt i den klara sommarskyen när Albin och Sofia promenerade genom Gamla Stan i Stockholm.En: The sun stood high in the clear summer sky as Albin and Sofia strolled through Gamla Stan in Stockholm.Sv: Det var Midsommarafton, en dag full av ljus och glädje.En: It was Midsommarafton, a day full of light and joy.Sv: De smala kullerstensgatorna var fyllda med folk som firade med kransar i håret och blommor i händerna.En: The narrow cobblestone streets were filled with people celebrating with wreaths in their hair and flowers in their hands.Sv: Albin ville göra dagen oförglömlig för Sofia.En: Albin wanted to make the day unforgettable for Sofia.Sv: "Gamla Stan är vacker, men du är ännu vackrare," sa Albin och log lite generat.En: "Gamla Stan is beautiful, but you are even more beautiful," said Albin, smiling a little shyly.Sv: Sofia skrattade och såg sig omkring.En: Sofia laughed and looked around.Sv: "Jag älskar atmosfären här," sa hon.En: "I love the atmosphere here," she said.Sv: "Det känns som att gå rakt in i historien."En: "It feels like walking straight into history."Sv: Albin kände sig fylld av självförtroende, men han var också lite nervös.En: Albin felt filled with confidence, but he was also a bit nervous.Sv: Han hade sina träskor på sig, som han alltid brukade vara stolta över.En: He was wearing his clogs, which he was always proud of.Sv: Han tänkte att de passade bra in i den historiska miljön.En: He thought they fit in well with the historical environment.Sv: Men helt plötsligt, mitt i skratten och pratet, hände det.En: But suddenly, in the middle of the laughter and chatter, it happened.Sv: En av hans träskor hade fastnat mellan två kullerstenar.En: One of his clogs got stuck between two cobblestones.Sv: Han försökte dra loss den, men det blev bara värre.En: He tried to pull it free, but it only got worse.Sv: Sofia fnissade lite.En: Sofia giggled a bit.Sv: "Behöver du hjälp?"En: "Do you need help?"Sv: Albin försökte skratta bort sin förlägenhet.En: Albin tried to laugh off his embarrassment.Sv: "Nej, nej, allt är under kontroll," sa han och försökte verka lugn.En: "No, no, everything is under control," he said, trying to appear calm.Sv: Men det var det inte alls.En: But it really wasn't.Sv: En liten folkmassa började samlas runt dem.En: A small crowd began to gather around them.Sv: Barn pekade och skrattade, medan äldre par tittade med förståelse.En: Children pointed and laughed, while older couples looked on with understanding.Sv: "Kom igen, Albin!"En: "Come on, Albin!"Sv: ropade någon från mängden.En: someone shouted from the crowd.Sv: Under pressen av alla ögon på sig, insåg Albin att han behövde lösa situationen snabbt.En: Under the pressure of all eyes on him, Albin realized he needed to resolve the situation quickly.Sv: Försiktigt försökte han igen.En: Carefully, he tried again.Sv: Men träskon satt fast.En: But the clog was stuck.Sv: En äldre herre steg fram från mängden.En: An older gentleman stepped forward from the crowd.Sv: "Låt mig hjälpa," sa han vänligt.En: "Let me help," he said kindly.Sv: Tillsammans, med en sista kraftansträngning, lyckades de dra loss träskon.En: Together, with one final effort, they managed to pull the clog free.Sv: Albin lyfte upp den i luften till folkets jubel.En: Albin lifted it into the air to the crowd's cheer.Sv: Sofia klappade händerna i ett skämtfullt tecken på triumf.En: Sofia clapped her hands in a joking sign of triumph.Sv: "Räddningsuppdraget är officiellt avklarat!"En: "The rescue mission is officially completed!"Sv: ropade hon.En: she shouted.Sv: Albin bugade sig dramatiskt.En: Albin bowed dramatically.Sv: "Tack," sa han med ett skratt, "utan er hade jag fortfarande varit här fast, kanske för alltid."En: "Thank you," he said with a laugh, "without you, I'd still be stuck here, perhaps forever."Sv: När de gick vidare genom de livliga gatorna, kände Albin en ny sorts självförtroende.En: As they moved on through the bustling streets, Albin felt a new kind of confidence.Sv: Sofia och han delade ett speciellt ögonblick, en gemensam historia född ur en pinsam situation.En: Sofia and he shared a special moment, a joint story born from an embarrassing situation.Sv: Han insåg att perfektion inte längre spelade någon roll.En: He realized that perfection no longer mattered.Sv: Det var skrattet och det genuina ögonblicket som gjorde dagen minnesvärd.En: It was the laughter and the genuine moment that made the day memorable.Sv: De fortsatte att utforska Gamla Stan, leendes åt minnet av träskon och hur en hel folkmassa blivit en del av deras berättelse.En: They continued to explore Gamla Stan, smiling at the memory of the clog and how an entire crowd became a part of their story. Vocabulary Words:clear: klarastrolled: promeneradeunforgettable: oförglömligconfident: självförtroendenervous: nervöshistorical: historiskacobblestone: kullerstenarembarrassment: förlägenhetcrowd: folkmassaunderstanding: förståelseresolve: lösacarefully: försiktigteffort: kraftansträngningtriumph: triomfcheer: jubelrescue: räddningsuppdragetdramatically: dramatisktclog: träskorconfidence: självförtroendemoment: ögonblickjoint: gemensamperfection: perfektiongenuine: genuinamemorable: minnesvärdembarrassing: pinsamtnarrow: smalawreaths: kransaratmosphere: atmosfärenshyly: generatbustling: livliga
Rapid advances in acute ischemic stroke care have expanded treatment windows and improved patient outcomes through thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, and optimized antithrombotic strategies. This episode highlights evolving approaches to patient selection, the growing role of tenecteplase, and the importance of team-based systems of care in delivering timely, effective treatment. In this episode, Casey S. Albin, MD, FAAN, speaks with Christopher R. Leon Guerrero, MD, author of the article "Thrombolysis, Thrombectomy, and Antithrombotic Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke" in the Continuum® June 2026 Cerebrovascular Disease issue. Dr. Albin is a Continuum® Audio interviewer, associate editor of media engagement, and an assistant professor of neurology and neurosurgery at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Leon Guerrero is an associate professor of neurology and the adult neurology residency program director at Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center in Charlotte, North Carolina, where he also serves as outpatient stroke director. Additional Resources Read the article: Thrombolysis, Thrombectomy, and Antithrombotic Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke Subscribe to Continuum®: shop.lww.com/Continuum Earn CME (available only to AAN members): continpub.com/AudioCME Continuum® Aloud (verbatim audio-book style recordings of articles available only to Continuum® subscribers): continpub.com/Aloud More about the American Academy of Neurology: aan.com Social Media facebook.com/continuumcme @ContinuumAAN Host: @caseyalbin Full episode transcript available here Dr Albin: In stroke care, every minute kills nearly two million neurons. But today, we're going to unpack all the details about the latest treatments that can give those neurons back. Dr Jones: This is Dr. Lyell Jones, Editor-in-Chief of Continuum. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio. Be sure to visit the links in the episode notes for information about earning CME, subscribing to the journal, and exclusive access to interviews not featured on the podcast. Dr Albin: Hello and welcome. This is Dr. Casey Albin. Today, I'm interviewing Dr. Christopher Leon-Guerrero about his article on Thrombolysis, Thrombectomy, and Antithrombotic Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke. This article appears in the April 2026 Continuum issue on cerebrovascular disease. Welcome to the podcast. I always like to start by just having you introduce yourself so our listeners know a little bit about you. Dr Leon-Guerrero: Thanks for the introduction, Dr. Albin. Really glad to be here today. My name is Chris Leon-Guerrero. I'm a vascular neurologist at Atrium Health in Charlotte, North Carolina, at Carolinas Medical Center. I'm an associate professor in the Department of Neurology. I serve as our Neurology Residency Program Director, and I also wear the hat of an outpatient stroke director in our clinics. Dr Albin: So, you are wearing a lot of hats and balancing a lot of things, and it's a really exciting time to be talking about this. For our listeners, we are recording this right after the launch of the American Heart Association, American Stroke Association just released their new guidelines on acute ischemic care. So, no better time to kind of dive into some of this. And really, when I think about acute ischemic stroke care, it's dramatically transformed in the last two to three decades. I mean, from lengthening time windows for IV thrombolysis to expanded thrombectomy eligibility, this is really, I think, some of the most exciting stuff in neurology. And your article did a fantastic job of distilling those rapid advancements and clarifying some of the evidence behind some of these new evolving treatment selections and imaging modalities, and it's exciting. So, let's just start with thrombolysis. Where are we now with IV thrombolytics and the time windows there? Dr Leon-Guerrero: So, a lot has changed in the last decade, since that initial trial with NINDS, nearly thirty years ago. We're still giving intravenous thrombolysis in the traditional time window up to 4.5 hours, and really emphasizing we should be selecting patients for treatment early and quickly as possible. In most of those cases, a non-con head CT is sufficient to rule out bleeding and initiate treatment as quickly as possible. Where things have gotten really exciting is using advanced neuroimaging to help select patients beyond that traditional 4.5 hour window, and we're able to treat patients even up to twenty-four hours from symptom onset. Dr Albin: Which is really exciting. It has really totally shifted the paradigm here. You know, I think most listeners are going to be pretty familiar with three to four and a half hours. Like, that's sort of our standard. What can you tell us about some of the advanced imaging we're using for that later selection period? Dr Leon-Guerrero: It's around the principle of you want to be able to, uh, rescue significant salvageable tissue without a lot of core. So, this large profusion deficit and small core is really how you're trying to select out these patients. And two types of modalities are used. One is going to be MRI, and a lot of those imaging protocols, you know, are outlined in the WAKE UP trial and basically are looking for patients with DWI hyperintense lesions and FLAIR negative lesions to suggest that patients in an early time window that's treatable for thrombolysis. And then in the other category, we'll be using profusion imaging, whether that's CT profusion or MR profusion, to look for patients with large salvageable tissue. Dr Albin: Yeah. And I think that this has been one of the things that, to me, has been really impactful is I think when WAKE UP came out, it was exciting. It was fun to sort of think about, "Hey, we're going to be able to use MRI." But MRI can be very challenging to get acutely, especially in community centers where they don't have the capabilities to get someone from the emergency department into an MRI rapidly enough to make thrombolysis decisions. So, to see some of that expand to CT profusion has been really exciting. How are you going about sort of counseling patients or thinking about their risk when you're using some of those, like, advanced imaging techniques? Dr Leon-Guerrero: Yeah. I think it's similar to the conversations we've had with patients even within the traditional 4.5 hour window. The risk for intravenous thrombolysis is hemorrhage, and counseling patients on the, you know, the risk and benefits of hemorrhage and the potential clinical benefit of receiving thrombolytics is important. And then providing patients with that information to make an informed decision, so that they can make the best decision for their own care. Dr Albin: Totally. And it's, again, time sensitive, but trying to give families enough information and enough time to sort of process those, especially when it's a little bit beyond the standard that we're so used to consenting for. The other big area that's really changed is that tenecteplase has become the star of the show. It's really gained momentum, so what should clinicians understand about this? Dr Leon-Guerrero: Yeah. There's been an explosion of data over the last decade on tenecteplase supporting its use for clinical practice. You know, there was recent updates even from the neurology journal with a large meta-analysis with all of the data showing good clinical outcomes and perhaps even lower risk of bleeding. And so, I think you're seeing a lot of centers across the country switching from alteplase to tenecteplase. There's some practical advantages. So tenecteplase is a one-time bolus dose. And then biologically, it seems to have better fibrin specificity, longer half-life, which may ultimately make it a more attractive drug and may make it even more effective. But I think the practical aspects of tenecteplase are not to be understated. I think there's a lot of advantages for speed and efficiency and for centers to make that switch. Dr Albin: Yeah. I remember when our health system made the pivot from alteplase to tenecteplase. Like any changes, that obviously created some adjustments with the new workflow. But, the fact that this could be given just as a one-time dose and not with the "we got to calculate the bolus, and now we got to get the infusion on board," like really simplified workflow. So, I think that's been pragmatically one of the nicest things we've done in stroke care. Really exciting. Dr Leon-Guerrero: Yeah. And, you know, it's a doable thing. I think you have to be, very deliberate about it at whatever center you're at to make sure that all stakeholders are aware of that change. I think that's helpful to get everybody involved and have a lot of planning to avoid wrong dosing errors or inadvertently dosing as alteplase versus tenecteplase. But it's certainly doable, and I think in the long term, centers that have switched have been pretty satisfied with tenecteplase. Dr Albin: And you know, initially when this came out, there really was sort of a debate about, is it gonna be 0.25? Was it gonna be 0.4? Where have we landed with that debate? Dr Leon-Guerrero: So, I think we found the correct dose is 0.25 milligrams per kilogram is the recommended dose with a max out of 25 milligrams. There's some within the American Heart Association guidelines that were just published. They mentioned even tier dosing based on 10 kilograms, so intervals. So, that may be an easier way for centers to do it. But that cap out dose of 25 milligrams at 0.25 milligrams per kilogram, I think, is the sweet spot. Dr Albin: Yeah. That's great, and I think that that has helped, you know, say, "This is what we're doing. There's not a debate that's happening anymore." And that really just got codified in the new ASA guidelines, so really exciting there. So, there is a lot of guidance for these patients, but I think one of the things that your article really tackled is the fact that there are some special populations, where we really still don't have a lot of guidance. And so, I think just to kind of distill those for the listeners, thinking about our pregnant patients, thinking about children, how are we approaching thrombolysis decisions in these special populations? Dr Leon-Guerrero: These are always tough cases. For example, for pregnant women, they've often been excluded in the thrombolytic trials. But there's still evidence. You know, there's some inference based on the evidence we do have, and there's a lot of registry and case reports suggesting potential safe treatment for pregnant women. And I think when you're approaching those cases, again, it's gonna be patient-centered and really should be multidisciplinary. These are the types of cases you really need to lean on your maternal fetal medicine colleagues, your high-risk OBGYNs, your obstetricians to help with that decision-making. And I think, a multidisciplinary approach is the way to go for these cases. It's the same thing with the pediatric population. We had some data. There was one trial, randomized control trial, called TIPS trial that looked at using intravenous alteplase for acute ischemic stroke in patients under the age of 18. It had difficulty with enrollment. But I think most experts would argue that patients with pediatric stroke should be considered for intravenous thrombolysis if appropriate. Again, same thing. You want to make it a multidisciplinary approach, really getting your pediatric neurologists, your pediatricians involved early to make the best decision for the patient. Dr Albin: Yeah. That's just really an important takeaway, just thinking about this as a multidisciplinary decision, because there are going to be other stakeholders to the patient's care who may have some different information than what we as neurologists are bringing to the approach. And obviously, our perspective really matters. But trying to work in everyone's unique vantage point of the patient really helps to make the most effective decision. When we talk about acute ischemic stroke care, I really don't think that you could do justice to the topic without pivoting to mechanical thrombectomy, which, you know, as we think about how the medical field as a whole, not just neurology, how the medical field has evolved. I mean, there's probably no bigger impact than mechanical thrombectomy has made in terms of reducing not just morbidity, but mortality from stroke. I mean both. So, thrombectomy has been around for a while, but just walk our listeners through what's the core that we for sure know that these are the patients that this works for? Dr Leon-Guerrero: The types of patients we should be selecting for intervention are patients with large vessel occlusions. And those initial trials that were published in 2015 really demonstrated that this is a quite an effective treatment for patients with large vessel occlusion ischemic strokes in the anterior circulation. When that smattering of publications occurred in 2015, the general consensus, we should be treating all patients up to six hours from symptom onset if they do have a large vessel occlusion. And then, Dr. Albin, as you know, the, the windows continue to expand. So, we were using advanced neuroimaging with MR selection and perfusion selection based on DAWN and DEFUSE 3 trial protocols to select patients all the way out to the 24 window, and it's even expanded beyond that over the last few years. Dr Albin: I think that when we think about trials that really, totally, changed the game, when we think about DAWN and DEFUSE 3, and we switched from that time-based window to more of that, like we talked about for thrombolysis, that tissue-based clock and, like, looking at what is salvageable and where can we make an impact on salvageable tissue, truly moved the needle in terms of just bringing this therapy for people who, you know, it's hard to get in within six hours. When we moved the needle to 24, it made a huge difference. But people were still coming in with a lot of ischemic damage already done, and they would have traditionally been excluded from being enrolled in thrombectomy trials. But that's changing too. So where are we there? Dr Leon-Guerrero: Yeah. I think there were lessons learned from DEFUSE and DAWN that we were probably over-selecting. Perhaps too stringent. You know, we had number needed to treat in the range of two to three for good outcome based on those trials. And so, I think those were lessons learned to move forward, and we, and, and people started looking at large core infarctions. And in the last few years, we've seen a multitude of randomized control trials examining large core infarctions. These are patients with ASPECT scores all the way down to zeros. A lot of the trials relied on three to six as their score, but there was at least one large core study that looked at ASPECT scores down to zero to two, and all of these studies showing benefit. Dr Albin: Yeah. And we've really moved into if there's some tissue to spare there, probably getting clot out really makes a big difference in impact. You know, it was really surprising to me as a neurointensivist looking at these trials, that the trials had such low rates of hemorrhage, and pretty low rates of dramatic cerebral edema after thrombectomy. I don't know that we've seen all of that in sort of real world applications, but again, we are still seeing some of these patients come in, that really would've been devastated having some amount of functional recovery regained, which is incredible. In terms of another patient population that I think gives a lot of people pause or stickiness, is those basilar artery occlusions, right? Another large vessel, but one that we've had a little bit harder of a time enrolling in trials and having well-selected trials. Where are we now on whether or not basilar artery occlusion should go to mechanical thrombectomy? Dr Leon-Guerrero: So, a lot of excitement in this area, too. There's at least two studies that were published in the last five years that were showing benefit in doing thrombectomy for patients with basilar artery occlusion up to 24 hours, and these were patients with moderate to severe deficits with NIH Stroke Scale scores greater than 10. And then making sure that they don't have large core, so using a newer scoring algorithm on the CAT scan called PC ASPECT, so basically a posterior circulation ASPECT score, to kind of make sure that patients don't have large core infarctions that are being considered for thrombectomy. All of those things collectively in those two recent studies, the ATTENTION trial and the BAOCHI trial, I think is what ended up making those studies positive, is that we were selecting the right types of patients, uh, without large core, early core, and patients with moderate to severe deficits that made the difference from previous trials. Dr Albin: Yeah. I think that that's so important. Those trials to me, and like how long it took to get those enrolled, really emphasized to me that there really was a selection bias. Like, we believed this worked, which made it hard to then do a trial. But I'm so glad to hear that we have the data now to support moving forward in a more rigorous way. Dr Leon-Guerrero: You're absolutely right. I think that was some of the challenges with the initial trials. In fact, the authors had commented on that. There's a lot of difficulties with lack of clinical equipoise, or experts wanting to take these patients anyways out of clinical trial and treat them, and so that's always been an issue. And then, you know, we all remember basilar artery occlusion cases. They can be severe, devastating cases in our career, but the reality is they're not that common. So, if you look at large vessel occlusions, they only account for about 10%, and if you look at all stroke patients presenting to most centers, they represent about 1% of cases. So really hard clinical trials to do just because there's thankfully not a lot of patients walking around with basilar artery occlusions, but certainly makes for challenges when you're trying to conduct randomized controlled trials on this subset of patients. Dr Albin: Absolutely. But we did it, and I think that, like, really if, if the listeners take nothing else, it's that the field of vascular neurology is really moving forward with evidence-based, doing very rigorously controlled clinical trials, which is, I think, is what makes this field so exciting. Finally, closing out, cause we could talk all day, but we don't have all day. You know, it seems to me that more and more we are just using dual antiplatelet therapy all the time. And maybe that is, uh, a little bit of a hyperbole, cause I don't think it's all the time, but let's walk through— when is there good evidence for dual antiplatelet therapy? Dr Leon-Guerrero: Yeah. So, there's strong evidence for early initiation of dual antiplatelet therapy or DAPT in patients with minor stroke or high-risk TIAs, and it's been studied using both clopidogrel as an add-on to aspirin and ticagrelor. Both seem like they're viable options in patients. I think one of the key things is the duration of therapy. So, in these cases with minor stroke and high-risk TIAs, we really should be confining the treatment of early DAPT for 21 days. The risk profile changes, so the risk of recurrent stroke starts to decline with time, and that risk of hemorrhage complications increases with time. And so that sweet spot of 21 days, or even some centers will do 30 days for just practical purposes, you know, really is what we should be doing in most of those cases. Other instances where DAPT can be considered, is in patients with intracranial atherosclerosis that's symptomatic, extrapolating from the SAMMPRIS trial that in the, in the medical management arm alone, used dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel for up to 90 days. So, you'll see that as well in clinical practice. Some people will opt for a 90-day duration for those patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis and stroke. Dr Albin: Just so I emphasize, this is not set it and forget it. You can stay on DAPT forever. It is you're going to have a definitive time course, 21 days, 90 days. We have directed instructions where we're doing more benefit than harm because of that risk of hemorrhage. Dr Leon-Guerrero: That's correct. In most cases, we really should be confining the duration of DAPT either to 21 days or 90 days. This is a challenging clinical practice. Centers really have been making an emphasis on stroke follow-up, so making sure these patients get appropriate and timely stroke follow-up to address these issues and to make sure that DAPT is discontinued if appropriate. Dr Albin: Yeah. I love that, and I want to pull on that a little bit because you as someone who is helping direct a stroke center– A lot of this really does rely on systems of care. When we think about early lysis decisions or mechanical thrombectomy, it's how do we get the patient to one of those capable centers as quickly as possible? And then on the back end, when you're discharging a patient, how do you make sure that they are getting follow-up, making sure that they're getting their Holter monitor if they need it? You know, all the stuff that goes into kind of figuring out, why did the stroke happen? What are some of the things that you, in your role, are really excited about, that will move the needle over the next five or 10 years? Dr Leon-Guerrero: Yeah. I think a lot of centers are doing it just like we're doing it. It really has to be a team-based approach, and you really want to reach the patient where they are in terms of the continuum of care. And so making sure if it's the in the field that you've reached out to your EMS and first responders to make sure they understand triage protocols to get patients where they need to be, to get the acute treatments that they need for the type of stroke that they're presenting with, to the actual centers that you work at, making sure your whole team, nurses, emergency physicians, APPs that are involved in care are all aware of the stroke protocols and how we're selecting these patients, making sure that your imaging protocols are up to date, and so that it's seamless when patients come in, that we're not adding on perfusion if we should have gotten that up front– We already know, have made decisions before that patient gets there. And then thinking about the patient after that hospital stay, I think, is critical. We really want to reduce their risk of recurrence, making sure that we're leveraging transitions of care, getting those patients seen in our stroke clinics for follow-up, and then make sure we're passing that baton to the long term. All of their long-term comorbidities that may be increasing their risk of stroke are managed and reduced as best as possible. Dr Albin: From the Continuum journal to the continuum of stroke care. Dr Leon-Guerrero: That's right. Dr Albin: I mean, we have it all. I think that that really is so important. I'll just close with what's one thing that is your favorite part about being a vascular neurologist? Dr Leon-Guerrero: I think it's what attracted to me to this field. As a medical student at that time, all we had was intravenous thrombolysis, and there was so much promise. There was so much promise that there was going to be widespread advancements in acute stroke, and here we are. There's been a tremendous amount of advancements and improvements for patients. I'm really excited to see what unfolds in the next few years, and I'm really excited that we've been able to increase the number of patients we're able to treat with acute ischemic stroke. I hope that we continue to expand the time window, the inclusion criteria, all of those things that we can treat more stroke patients effectively. Dr Albin: It is really a very exciting time to be a vascular neurologist. Again, today, I've been interviewing Dr. Christopher Leon-Guerrero about his article on Thrombolysis, Thrombectomy, and Antithrombotic Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke. This article appears in the April 2026 Continuum issue on cerebrovascular disease. Be sure to check out Continuum Audio episodes from this and other issues, and thank you again, Dr. Leon Guerrero and our listeners for joining today. Dr Leon-Guerrero: Thanks for having me. Dr Monteith: This is Dr. Teshamae Monteith, associate editor of Continuum Audio. If you've enjoyed this episode, you'll love the journal, which is full of in-depth and clinically relevant information important for neurology practitioners. Use the link in the episode notes to learn more and subscribe. AAN members, you can get CME for listening to this interview by completing the evaluation at continpub.com/audioCME. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio.
Andakterna den här veckan tar avstamp i de fem världsreligionerna med temat Semester. Idag med prästen Albin Tanke som utgår från kristendomen. Lyssna på alla avsnitt i Sveriges Radios app. Ur andakten:Jag minns första gången jag skulle få semester från ett arbete och få vara ledig och ändå få lön. Det tyckte jag var helt otroligt! Att få betalt för att vara ledig, vilken grej! Jag var van vid sommarloven, som ju i och för sig också var fantastiska och väldigt långa, men också väldigt obetalda, och då gällde det ju att hitta ett sommarjobb för att klara sig… Så det blev inte så mycket av det med ledighet...Men semester, det var något annat det. Jag minns hur vuxen jag kände mig när jag för första gången i livet firade semester. Kanske förstod jag inte då vilken kamp som krävts för denna rättighet att få vara ledig, för rättvisa och för människovärdiga principer – att hedra vikten av återhämtning och att ge möjlighet för alla som arbetar att också kunna vara lediga ibland.Text:Matt 11:28-30Musik:Prague's Ballet av Marius Neset med Marius Neset, Leif Ove Andsnes och Louisa TuckProducent:Susanna Némethliv@sverigesradio.se
In this episode of “Half Hour”, we take a closer look at the 2026 Encores! production of La Cage aux Folles, now playing at New York City Center. Starring Billy Porter as Albin and Wayne Brady as Georges, this revival offers a contemporary take on a landmark musical. We break down the show's origins and cultural impact, then dive into the current production's direction, design, and overall concept. From Robert O'Hara's staging choices to the balance of comedy and social commentary, we discuss what works, what feels unresolved, and how the piece lands with a modern audience. Follow and connect with all things @HalfHourPodcast on Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. Share your thoughts on this production in the comments on Spotify, and let us know what you would like us to cover next. If you enjoy these post-show discussions, follow Half Hour and leave a rating and review so more theater lovers can find the podcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
durée : 00:03:30 - Les P'tits Bateaux - par : Camille Crosnier - C'est la question posée par Albin qui évoque une équipe composée à moitié d'hommes, et à moitié de femmes. C'est l'historien du sport Fabien Archambault qui lui répond. - équipe : Stéphanie Texier, Marjorie Devoucoux Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France
Fluent Fiction - Swedish: Midsommar Adventure: Unearthing Secrets in Kronoberg's Ruins Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/sv/episode/2026-06-25-07-38-19-sv Story Transcript:Sv: Solen sken klart över ruinerna av Kronobergs slott.En: The sun shone brightly over the ruins of Kronobergs slott.Sv: Det var Midsommar och luften var fylld av blomsterdoft och ljudet av fågelkvitter.En: It was Midsommar, and the air was filled with the scent of flowers and the sound of birdsong.Sv: Sigrid och Albin var syskon, mitt i en stor familjesammankomst.En: Sigrid and Albin were siblings, in the midst of a large family gathering.Sv: Familjerna hade samlats för att fira Midsommar med dans runt midsommarstången, sill och potatis och jordgubbstårta.En: The families had gathered to celebrate Midsommar with dancing around the maypole, herring and potatoes, and strawberry cake.Sv: Sigrid, den äldre och mer ansvarstagande av de två, kände pressen att hålla traditionerna vid liv.En: Sigrid, the older and more responsible of the two, felt the pressure to keep the traditions alive.Sv: Hon hade alltid gillat att se sina släktingar samlade, glada och sjungande de traditionella sångerna.En: She had always liked seeing her relatives gathered, happy and singing the traditional songs.Sv: Men Albin, hennes yngre bror, kände annat.En: But Albin, her younger brother, felt differently.Sv: Hans ögon lystes av nyfikenhet.En: His eyes shone with curiosity.Sv: Slottruinerna lockade honom, tysta och mystiska.En: The castle ruins tempted him, silent and mysterious.Sv: Han drömde om äventyr.En: He dreamed of adventure.Sv: "Sigrid!"En: "Sigrid!"Sv: ropade Albin plötsligt.En: Albin suddenly shouted.Sv: "Vi borde utforska ruinerna.En: "We should explore the ruins.Sv: Tänk om vi hittar något spännande!"En: Imagine if we find something exciting!"Sv: Sigrid suckade.En: Sigrid sighed.Sv: Hon ville hålla alla glada och samlade för firandet.En: She wanted to keep everyone happy and gathered for the celebration.Sv: Men något i Albins röst fick henne att stanna upp.En: But something in Albin's voice made her pause.Sv: "Okej," sa hon till slut, med ett leende.En: "Okay," she finally said with a smile.Sv: "Men jag följer med dig.En: "But I'm coming with you.Sv: Vi kan inte komma vilse där borta."En: We can't get lost over there."Sv: Albin sken upp och tillsammans smög de iväg från folkmassan.En: Albin beamed, and together they sneaked away from the crowd.Sv: Gräset vajade mjukt när de närmade sig ruinerna, där vildblommor blomstrade under sommarsolen.En: The grass swayed gently as they approached the ruins, where wildflowers blossomed under the summer sun.Sv: De gick försiktigt genom de gamla stenarna, deras steg ekande tyst.En: They walked carefully through the old stones, their footsteps echoing quietly.Sv: Plötsligt stannade de.En: Suddenly, they stopped.Sv: Framför dem fanns en del av slottet de aldrig hade sett.En: In front of them was a part of the castle they had never seen.Sv: En undangömd gång öppnade sig.En: A hidden passage opened up.Sv: "Wow," viskade Sigrid, överväldigad av den dolda skönheten och historien i dessa gamla murar.En: "Wow," Sigrid whispered, overwhelmed by the hidden beauty and history in these ancient walls.Sv: I det ögonblicket band äventyret dem samman.En: In that moment, the adventure bonded them together.Sv: Båda förstod plötsligt värdet av både tradition och nya upptäckter.En: Both suddenly understood the value of both tradition and new discoveries.Sv: Med ett gemensamt skratt vände de tillbaka mot familjen.En: With a shared laugh, they turned back toward the family.Sv: När de kom tillbaka kände sig Sigrid lättad och gladare.En: When they returned, Sigrid felt relieved and happier.Sv: Albin var också förändrad.En: Albin was changed, too.Sv: Han pratade ivrigt om vad de hittat, och hans entusiasm smittade av sig till hela familjen.En: He talked eagerly about what they had found, and his enthusiasm spread to the whole family.Sv: Till och med de äldre släktingarna log och lyssnade intresserat.En: Even the older relatives smiled and listened with interest.Sv: Midsommarnatten fortsatte, men nu med en ny glädje.En: The Midsommar night continued, but now with a new joy.Sv: Sigrid insåg att hon kunde balansera ansvar och spontanitet.En: Sigrid realized she could balance responsibility and spontaneity.Sv: Albin lärde sig också att uppskatta traditionernas värme.En: Albin also learned to appreciate the warmth of traditions.Sv: Deras äventyr hade inte bara fört dem närmare varandra utan också gett Midsommarfirandet en ny livsgnista.En: Their adventure not only brought them closer together but also gave the Midsommar celebration a new spark of life. Vocabulary Words:shone: skenruins: ruinernasiblings: syskongathering: sammankomsttraditions: traditionernaresponsible: ansvarstagandecuriosity: nyfikenhettempted: lockadeadventure: äventyrexplore: utforskasneaked: smögbeamed: sken uppblossomed: blomstradefootsteps: stegpassage: gångoverwhelmed: överväldigadbonded: banddiscoveries: upptäckterrelieved: lättadenthusiasm: entusiasmspark: livsgnistabrightly: klartfields: fältcaptivated: fängsladekeep: hållamysterious: mystiskaencounter: möteappreciate: uppskattabond: bandspontaneity: spontanitet
Today On The Eric Metaxas Show, Fun Facts Friday returns as Eric and Albin Sadar share strange, hilarious, and unbelievable stories from the American Revolution. They discuss Samuel Whittemore, the 78 year old patriot who refused to die, the real story behind July 4th, Ben Franklin and John Adams sharing a bed, King George II's unusual death, America's first submarine, and why Eric's new book Revolution brings these forgotten stories back to life.⭐ ORDER NOW:Revolution: The Birth of the Greatest Nation in the History of the World
Il musicist e magister da musica va en pensiun. En l'«Artg musical» discurra Iso Albin da sia via musicala. Davent da l'uffanza sco chantadur en il Chor d'affons Mustér sur il studi da posauna e chant fin a la lavur scientifica cun las rimnadas da chanzuns d'Alfons Maissen. In vast spectrum da musica demussa el er en la glista da giavischs da musica ch'i dat da tadlar en l'emissiun.
LATIN URBAN CULTURE TALK SHOW@therydealong
Albin träffade en kvinna som utövade stor kontroll på honom. De fick två barn snabbt och efter det ökade det psykiska våldet ännu mer.- Jag fick inte gå ut själv, umgås med någon eller ha sociala medier.Efter separationen gör ex-flickvännen anmälan efter anmälan på Albin som läggs ned. Efter en tid lyckas han få ensamvårdnad om sina barn.Gästen är anonym. Albin heter något annat i verkligheten. Rösten, namn och platser är ändrade.Vill du vara gäst i podden? Maila emilie.olsson@bauermedia.seFölj @alskadepsykopat på Instagram.Hela säsongen av Älskade Psykopat finns på Podplay: https://www.podplay.com/sv-se/podcasts/alskade-psykopat-294350
Expressen Fotboll gästas i dag av landslagslegendaren Albin Ekdal för att snacka upp lördagens glödheta rysarmatch mot Nederländerna. Efter Sveriges oväntade 5–1-kross mot Tunisien analyserar vi det taktiska lugnet i truppen, det ”omoderna” lyxproblemet med att spela två centrala nior i världsklass (Alexander Isak och Viktor Gyökeres) och hur mycket som egentligen sitter kvar av Jon Dahl Tomassons tidigare ”haverifotboll”. Albin bjuder på filterlösa sanningar om den mentala pressen under ett mästerskap, hur man hanterar den fruktade ”hotelldöden” och landslagets ständiga, dolda krig mot media. Vi rapporterar dessutom direkt från Texas-basen om svenska spelarnas tråkiga baseboll-utflykt, Graham Potters blixtsnabba förvandling till cowboy och Alexander Isaks dolda skadesituation. Utomlands synar vi Cristiano Ronaldos djupa kris i Portugal och hur hans destruktiva kroppsspråk hämmar laget – och jämför det med hur Zlatan Ibrahimovic accepterade sin roll på ålderns höst. Avslutningsvis bjuder Albin på en helt magisk anekdot från pandemin när en kalsongklädd Zlatan ringde upp honom till hotellrummet och gav bort en sprillans ny Macbook helt gratis bara för att den saknade å, ä och ö. Medverkande: Isak Dahlin, Albin Ekdal, Mattias Tengblad & Alexander Snäcke Ansvarig utgivare: Klas Granström
Expressen Fotboll gästas i dag av landslagslegendaren Albin Ekdal för att snacka upp lördagens glödheta rysarmatch mot Nederländerna. Efter Sveriges oväntade 5–1-kross mot Tunisien analyserar vi det taktiska lugnet i truppen, det ”omoderna” lyxproblemet med att spela två centrala nior i världsklass (Alexander Isak och Viktor Gyökeres) och hur mycket som egentligen sitter kvar av Jon Dahl Tomassons tidigare ”haverifotboll”. Albin bjuder på filterlösa sanningar om den mentala pressen under ett mästerskap, hur man hanterar den fruktade ”hotelldöden” och landslagets ständiga, dolda krig mot media. Vi rapporterar dessutom direkt från Texas-basen om svenska spelarnas tråkiga baseboll-utflykt, Graham Potters blixtsnabba förvandling till cowboy och Alexander Isaks dolda skadesituation. Utomlands synar vi Cristiano Ronaldos djupa kris i Portugal och hur hans destruktiva kroppsspråk hämmar laget – och jämför det med hur Zlatan Ibrahimovic accepterade sin roll på ålderns höst. Avslutningsvis bjuder Albin på en helt magisk anekdot från pandemin när en kalsongklädd Zlatan ringde upp honom till hotellrummet och gav bort en sprillans ny Macbook helt gratis bara för att den saknade å, ä och ö. Medverkande: Isak Dahlin, Albin Ekdal, Mattias Tengblad & Alexander Snäcke Ansvarig utgivare: Klas Granström
Nytt beslut: Skötsamhet får större betydelse för uppehållstillstånd / Flera myndigheter får informationsplikt / Man döms för att ha sålt sin fru till många män / Albin fångade en jättestor gädda mitt i Falun Lyssna på alla avsnitt i Sveriges Radios app. Av Peter Al Fakir och Jenny Pejler.
Intervju: Evelina Albin - Pingst miljö 2026-06-15 by Nyhemsveckan
This week Andre Arian and Albin talk about the week of football that we just saw and the final regular season weekend.Örebro showed that Carlstad can indeed be beaten, Tyresö made quick work of Limhamn, Gothernburg and Kristianstad had a interesting game and Stockholm crushed AIK in a way we havent seen in a while!We also talk about the games that are being played this week and the playoff implications the games have and each senario that can happen!
"I think it's very important to stand for something. If I die today or tomorrow, will I be missed? And if the answer is no, what am I doing here? I need to change what I'm doing. I want to be liked. And that's the same for us as a brand."Episode summaryOur Pulse Special series features the hottest content from the UK's leading ecommerce event, including panel discussions with respected brands and technology vendors.Exclusive to Inside Commerce, these discussions share interesting insights from respected industry practitioners.In this episode, Axel Arigato's CEO & co-founder, Albin Johansson, shares the ambitious steps he took to transform a small Swedish label into a worldwide phenomenon, from launching the “drop of the week” strategy to opening stores in London, New York and Dubai.Most brands chase fleeting attention; Axel Arigato's story proves that a sustained focus on authenticity, community and physical presence can turn a niche brand into a global icon.Discover how they built their brand on the principles of genuine connection and staying true to their roots, despite scaling in a noisy, distracted digital world.We break down the importance of “top of mind” thinking, the power of physical spaces in a digital era, and why authenticity beats superficial trends every time. You'll learn how Axel Arigato navigated turning a risky brick-and-mortar expansion into a success, and why their deliberate, community-focused approach keeps them relevant, even after more than a decade of growth.If you're wondering how to stand out without sacrificing your core values, this episode will inspire you to get back to basics. Albin's journey is proof that genuine, purposeful brand building can cut through the noise and create a lasting global footprint.Podcast HighlightsBuilding with Intent: Albin discusses the importance of authenticity and being genuine in brand building, emphasizing the need to own something unique in the market.From Digital to Physical: The transition from a 100% digital brand to opening physical stores, highlighting the importance of meeting customers in person and presenting the brand's universe.Lessons Learned: Albin reflects on the mistakes made during rapid scaling, emphasizing the need to return to the brand's core values and not accept mediocrity.Community and Authenticity: The focus on building and inspiring a community, and the challenges of maintaining authenticity in a crowded market.
Har den förre landslagsmittfältaren Albin Ekdal en gudfar med väldigt bra pigment? Klickar hans pappa inte med ”Granens” pappa? Och stod han på samma studentflak som en kille som senare skulle komma att dömas för ekobrott? Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Zum dritten Mal in 16 Monaten hat der Kosovo ein neues Parlament gewählt. Gewonnen hat die Partei Vetevendosje von Regierungschef Albin Kurtin. Die freie Journalistin Adelina Gashi erklärt, warum Kurtin nach wie vor viel Unterstützung im Kosovo geniesst. · Russland rationiert Treibstoffe, vor allem auf der annektierten Halbinsel Krim und im besetzten ukrainischen Gebiet Luhansk. Und auch in Moskau sprechen Tankstellenbetreiber von Versorgungsengpässen. Wie knapp ist der Treibstoff in Russland und in den besetzten Gebieten momentan? Und wie erklären die Behörden die Engpässe? Die Einschätzung von Osteuropa-Korrespondent Calum MacKenzie. · Der starke Schweizer Franken drückt der Schweizer Exportwirtschaft auf die Stimmung. Ihre Produkte werden im Ausland teurer – und das müssen die Schweizer Firmen teilweise bei ihrer Marge kompensieren. Am Swiss Economic Forum SEF haben wir unter anderem mit Claudia Moerker gesprochen. Sie ist Geschäftsleiterin des Verbands Swiss Export. Wir haben sie gefragt, wie gut die Unternehmen den starken Franken momentan wegstecken können. · Dass der Schweizer Franken so stark ist, hat auch historische Gründe. Zum Beispiel eine relativ niedrige Inflationsrate. Der Ökonom Adriel Jost erklärt, warum die Schweiz eine so stabile Währung hat – und wer davon profitiert.
This week Andre, Albin and Arian talk about the games that were and the games that are coming!Stockholm went down south to Malmö and came home with victory against a tough running Limhamn, Kristianstad traveled north to Bergshamra in the Toilet Bowl where AIK showed that they may have found their QB for the final stretch of the season and Örebro welcomed a high powered Tyresö passing attack to Behrn Arena, but its what happened long after the final whistle that has the potential to change EVERYTHING!
Fluent Fiction - Swedish: Santorini Surprise: A Necklace's Journey of Friendship Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/sv/episode/2026-05-30-07-38-19-sv Story Transcript:Sv: Solen sken starkt över Santorini den här vårdagen.En: The sun shone brightly over Santorini on this spring day.Sv: Maja och Albin vandrade genom den livliga medelhavsmarknaden.En: Maja and Albin walked through the bustling Mediterranean market.Sv: Runtomkring dem doftade det av oliver, kryddor och solvarma tomater.En: Around them, the air was filled with the scent of olives, spices, and sun-warmed tomatoes.Sv: Smala, kullerstensgator fylldes av både turister och greker som njöt av det behagliga vädret.En: Narrow, cobblestone streets were filled with both tourists and Greeks enjoying the pleasant weather.Sv: Albin, som älskade att resa och samla på unika fynd, hade ett särskilt mål i sikte.En: Albin, who loved to travel and collect unique finds, had a specific goal in mind.Sv: Maja, däremot, letade efter en speciell gåva till sin syster Elin.En: Maja, on the other hand, was looking for a special gift for her sister Elin.Sv: Elin älskade kulturföremål, men hon hade sagt till Maja att inte stressa över en present – "En symbolisk gåva räcker", hade hon sagt.En: Elin loved cultural items, but she had told Maja not to stress about a present – "A symbolic gift is enough," she had said.Sv: När de vandrade från stall till stall, stannade Albin plötsligt.En: As they wandered from stall to stall, Albin suddenly stopped.Sv: Där, bland mängder av smycken, låg ett vackert traditionellt grekiskt halsband.En: There, among a multitude of jewelry, lay a beautiful traditional Greek necklace.Sv: Det lyste i solen, smyckat med blå emalj och små silverdetaljer.En: It gleamed in the sun, adorned with blue enamel and small silver details.Sv: Albin kände sitt hjärta slå snabbare.En: Albin felt his heart beat faster.Sv: Detta var den minnessak han sökte.En: This was the keepsake he sought.Sv: Men Maja hade också sett det.En: But Maja had also seen it.Sv: Hennes tankar snurrade – det skulle vara perfekt för Elins födelsedag.En: Her thoughts whirled—it would be perfect for Elin's birthday.Sv: Hon såg sig omkring.En: She looked around.Sv: Det var det sista halsbandet i sitt slag.En: It was the last necklace of its kind.Sv: Albin och Maja stirrade på varandra och insåg att de delade samma önskan.En: Albin and Maja stared at each other and realized they shared the same desire.Sv: De hade båda en begränsad budget och inget annat föremål på marknaden tilltalade dem på samma sätt.En: They both had a limited budget, and nothing else at the market appealed to them in the same way.Sv: Ingen av dem ville förstöra dagen för den andra.En: Neither of them wanted to ruin the day for the other.Sv: Som de grälade vänligt, dök en idé upp i Albins huvud.En: As they argued amicably, an idea popped into Albin's head.Sv: "Vi kan köpa det tillsammans", föreslog han, lite försiktigt.En: "We can buy it together," he suggested, a bit cautiously.Sv: Maja log, lättad över att han tagit initiativet.En: Maja smiled, relieved that he had taken the initiative.Sv: "Ja, varför inte?En: "Yes, why not?Sv: Vi kan dela på kostnaden."En: We can split the cost."Sv: Med bestämdhet närmade de sig säljaren, en livlig man som entusiastiskt började prata om halsbandet.En: With determination, they approached the vendor, a lively man who enthusiastically began talking about the necklace.Sv: Deras gemensamma erbjudande fick honom att skratta.En: Their joint offer made him laugh.Sv: "Dela både glädje och skönhet, det är klokt", sade han med en blinkning och accepterade deras pengar.En: "Sharing both joy and beauty, that's wise," he said with a wink and accepted their money.Sv: Efteråt satte sig Albin och Maja vid ett litet café med utsikt över det azurblå Egeiska havet.En: Afterwards, Albin and Maja sat down at a small café with a view of the azure Aegean Sea.Sv: De delade några baklava, den söta, krispiga skvättande dessert, och skrattade åt deras roliga stund vid marknadsståndet.En: They shared some baklava, the sweet, crispy, syrupy dessert, and laughed about their funny moment at the market stall.Sv: När de njöt av den sista tuggan, insåg Albin att det var värt mer att dela dessa ögonblick än att ta med sig en ensam souvenir hem.En: As they enjoyed the last bite, Albin realized that sharing these moments was worth more than bringing back a solitary souvenir.Sv: Maja upptäckte glädjen i att samarbeta, istället för att tävla.En: Maja discovered the joy of collaborating instead of competing.Sv: De tittade på halsbandet igen, nu deras gemensamma minne från Santorini.En: They looked at the necklace again, now their shared memory from Santorini.Sv: Under den soliga himlen kom de överens om att ibland är det finare att dela.En: Under the sunny sky, they agreed that sometimes it is nicer to share.Sv: De skulle turas om att bära halsbandet, varannan födelsedag, som en symbol för deras vänskap och det fina med att hitta en lösning tillsammans.En: They would take turns wearing the necklace, every other birthday, as a symbol of their friendship and the beauty of finding a solution together.Sv: Med marknadens sorl och havets brus i bakgrunden, slutade deras dag lika vacker som den hade börjat.En: With the market's chatter and the sea's murmurs in the background, their day ended as beautifully as it had begun. Vocabulary Words:bustling: livligacobblestone: kullerstenspleasant: behagligacollect: samlaunique: unikawandered: vandrademultitude: mängdergleamed: lysteadorned: smyckatkeepsake: minnessakwhirled: snurradestared: stirradeappealed: tilltaladeargued: gräladeamicably: vänligtcautiously: försiktigtinitiative: initiativetdetermination: bestämdhetvendor: säljarenenthusiastically: entusiastisktjoint: gemensammarelieved: lättadazure: azurblåbaklava: baklavasweet: sötcrispy: krispigasyrupy: skvättandesolitary: ensamcompeting: tävlasymbol: symbol
“Failure to protect” charges are criminal prosecutions where one parent is accused of allowing another parent, or spouse, to abuse a child. For many, such as Deborah Albin, they may also be survivors of abuse, but are unable to raise that within their defense. Albin’s significant other, Andrew Oaks, is facing second-degree murder charges for their daughter Opal’s death. Andrew had previously threatened to kill Deborah and was accused by Albin of physically assaulting her. Despite this, courts are not allowing Albin to bring these incidents in her defense. This is part of a larger pattern of prosecutions against women using “failure to protect” laws. Kaylee Tornay is an investigative reporter with Investigate West and has been following Deborah Albin’s case. She joins us to share more.
Royal Pop, prestige och drömklockor på Stockholms AuktionsverkVad får ett av världens mest prestigefyllda klockhus att samarbeta med ett lekfullt och betydligt mer tillgängligt varumärke? I veckans avsnitt av Eqotime Podcast pratar Albin och Andreas om den oväntade satsningen bakom Royal Pop och försöker förstå vad samarbetet faktiskt betyder för Audemars Piguet. Handlar det om att nå nya kunder, skapa rubriker eller om något större kring framtidens lyxkonsumtion?Samtidigt riktas blicken mot Stockholms Auktionsverk och årets Fine Watch Sale. Vi går igenom auktionen, väljer våra personliga favoriter bland ovanliga och riktigt tunga objekt, och diskuterar varför vissa klockor fortsätter fascinera samlare långt efter att de lämnat butikshyllorna.I avsnittet diskuteras:• Royal Pop och varför samarbetet väcker så starka reaktioner• Vad Audemars Piguet faktiskt kan vinna på att utmana sin egen exklusivitet• Är detta framtiden för lyxklockor eller bara en tillfällig hype?• Höjdpunkter från Fine Watch Sale hos Stockholms Auktionsverk• Våra favoritobjekt från auktionen – från ikoniska samlarklockor till mer oväntade val Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Au programme de l'émission du 13 mai : avec Sabine Zovighian, réalisatrice sonore, et Michael Liot, musicien (rediffusion) Pour commencer l'émission, éclairage sur les raisons de la grève des bibliothèques de la Ville de Paris la semaine dernière.▪️▪️▪️▪️Lire l'article d'Actualitté À FLEUR D'OREILLES - chronique de Laura Cattabianchi - c'est à 10 min✅Pour ce sixième épisode du projet mené cette année par Laura autour des sons de papier à l'Institut D'Education Sensorielle jeunes déficients visuels à Paris, les jeunes ont interviewé leur éducatrice Bénédicte. Elle a évoqué le son qu'elle aime et celui qu'elle n'aime pas ; puis, avec une feuille de papier qu'elle a choisi de chiffonner, elle a imaginé le début d'une histoire à partir du son produit..▪️▪️▪️▪️Site de l'IDESSPECTACLE - chronique de Véronique Soulé - c'est à 18 min✅Jean-Chat voit dans le noir est d'abord une histoire écrite et racontée par Sabine Zovighian sur un podcast en écoute depuis 2024 sur le site de Arte Radio. C'est aussi un album, illustré par Nathaniel H'limi (L'école des loisirs, 2024), et depuis la rentrée dernière, c'est également un spectacle. Un soir, un petit garçon part dans la ville à la recherche de son chat bien-aimé qui a disparu. Pour le retrouver il lui faudra apprendre à voir dans le noir et monter sur les toits de la ville.On retrouve dans le spectacle, une fiction sonore et dessinée, ce qui fait l'originalité du podcast : Sabine Zovighian raconte et bruite, en dialogue constant avec Grégoire Terrier derrière ses synthés et sa guitare, qui mêle compositions électro-acoustiques, sons doux et feutrés, bruitages, voix d'Hector, et une musique un rien mélancolique qui sied bien à la nuit, à la poésie et l'humour de l'histoire. Mais dimension supplémentaire, l'illustrateur Nathaniel H'limi, réalise en direct les dessins, projetés sur grand écran, dans une palette de bleus, de gris et de noirs.Dans ce spectacle doux et poétique, Sabine Zovighian sait drôlement bien capter l'attention et l'écoute des enfants, dès 3 ou 4 ans, par des sollicitations discrètes et des ruptures de rythme, tout comme le font l'image en train de s'esquisser sous leurs yeux, les bruitages, la musique, la chanson de Michael Liot qui revient en ritournelle. Tout l'imaginaire des enfants est en éveil !La dernière de la saison en région parisienne : mercredi prochain, 11 h, au théâtre de Vitry-sur-Seine. Dates de la prochaine saison à guetter sur le site de L'Armada productions.▪️▪️▪️▪️Site de L'Amarda Productions▪️▪️▪️▪️Site du théâtre Jean Vilar de Vitry-sur-SeinePODCAST - interview de Sabine Zovighian et Michael Liot (rediffusion) - c'est à 27 min✅ Sabine Zovighian est autrice et réalisatrice sonore de nombreuses fictions radiophoniques, en particulier jeunesse, pour Arte Radio d'abord, et depuis peu pour Radio France. L'année dernière, en avril, elle a adapté et réalisé, avec le musicien et compositeur Michael Liot, Les Malheurs de Sophie, qu'on a pu écouter sur les ondes de France Culture et disponible en podcast sur le site de Radio France. Une formidable comédie musicale, en 5 épisodes, qui dépoussière sacrément le roman de la comtesse.
In episode 145, Arian, Albin and Andre discuss the full slate from last weekend, including Carlstad's dominance down in Kristianstad, the exciting Stockholm derby, a low-scoring affair for our newcomers in Örebro, and an AIK no-show when Limhamn ran them off the field in Malmö. Then the guys get into the upcoming games, and make their predictions.
Novel MRI biomarkers, including cortical lesions, the central vein sign, and paramagnetic rim lesions, are highly specific for MS and can aid diagnosis in select clinical scenarios, particularly early in the disease course or in atypical presentations. When used with appropriate MRI sequences, these markers can improve diagnostic sensitivity while helping prevent misdiagnosis. In this episode, Casey Albin, MD, speaks with Jiwon Oh, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FAAN, author of the article "Diagnostic Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis" in the Continuum® April 2026 Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders issue. Dr. Albin is a Continuum® Audio interviewer, associate editor of media engagement, and an assistant professor of neurology and neurosurgery at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Oh is the medical director of the Barlo Multiple Sclerosis Program at St. Michael's Hospital and an associate professor at the University of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Additional Resources Read the article: Diagnostic Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis Subscribe to Continuum®: shop.lww.com/Continuum Earn CME (available only to AAN members): continpub.com/AudioCME Continuum® Aloud (verbatim audio-book style recordings of articles available only to Continuum® subscribers): continpub.com/Aloud More about the American Academy of Neurology: aan.com Social Media facebook.com/continuumcme @ContinuumAAN Host: @caseyalbin Full episode transcript available here Dr Albin: Spend any time in a neurology conference, and you are certain to hear about the new central vein sign, which, as I learn, is not actually all that new. But have you heard about cortical lesions or these paramagnetic rim lesions? Because today I have the privilege of talking to Dr Jiwon Oh about her article, and we're going to unpack all these new biomarkers in MS. Dr Jones: This is Dr Lyell Jones, editor in chief of Continuum. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio. Be sure to visit the links in the episode notes for information about earning CME, subscribing to the journal, and exclusive access to interviews not featured on the podcast. Dr Albin: Hello, this is Dr Casey Albin. Today I'm interviewing Dr Jiwon Oh about her article on diagnostic neuroimaging biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis, which appears in the April 2026 Continuum issue on multiple sclerosis. Welcome to the podcast. Thank you so much for being here. I'd love to start by having you introduce yourself to our listeners. Dr Oh: Thanks, Casey. Hi, everybody. My name is Jiwon Oh and I'm a neurologist, mainly an MS specialist at Saint Michael's Hospital at the University of Toronto, and I'm the medical director of our MS program. Dr Albin: And you have written a really fantastic article that dives deep into some of the nitty gritty about these new diagnostic biomarkers that we find on the MRI that we're getting for our patients with multiple sclerosis. And I think we are going to get into a lot of that nitty gritty. How do we look for them? How do they improve our diagnostic specificity? This is really come a long way in shaping the advances for multiple sclerosis. And I'd kind of like to just start with the big picture. Like why do we need these more specific biomarkers? Dr Oh: This set of diagnostic criteria in MS, it's actually a huge change in the field, and particularly for people like me who are really interested in developing new MRI measures, we're really, really excited because it's actually the first time since MRI was officially incorporated into the MS Diagnostic criteria, which was way back in 2001. It's the first time that we've actually been able to get newer, more advanced imaging measures beyond just simply detecting, new T2 lesions in the MS diagnostic criteria. So, it's a big moment in the field, and many of us are really excited about it in terms of why we need some of these newer, more specific imaging measures. Well, you know, diagnostic criteria always evolve over time for any disease state, and MS is one that we've recognized over the years. By the time someone actually presents with typical clinical symptoms and has diagnosed, whatever has been happening from a patho-biological standpoint has been happening probably for almost 5 to 10 years before that individual actually presents. And so, because of this recognition in the field and the fact that we're recognizing how important it is to first diagnose MS and then treat MS earlier and earlier, because we know that early treatment helps prevent more clinical outcomes. Diagnostic criteria over time have become much more permissive, meaning that we're doing everything that we can to try to facilitate a diagnosis of MS when we know that someone biologically has MS. But the problem with making diagnostic criteria more permissive, and it's obviously a good thing because you want to capture as many people with MS as early on as possible. The problem with making it permissive is there is this terrible risk of misdiagnosis. As clinicians, we all think we never make mistakes. But it turns out when you actually do studies, you do. And even at MS specialty centers, when studies have been done, 10% to 20% of people with MS are misdiagnosed. So, this is exactly why we need in diagnostic criteria that really help to facilitate a diagnosis. We need things that help us prevent misdiagnosis as well. And these are these specific imaging measures that have now been incorporated into the diagnostic criteria in many settings that will help to facilitate a diagnosis. But the really big perk is if you use them, you can help to prevent misdiagnosis as well. Dr Albin: Yeah, that really shone through in your article that this was such a big step in towards being more specific about who were diagnosing. Also capturing more people, right? Trying to get those people that we, we don't want to miss because of all the things you say, you know, that allows them to accumulate more disability, have worse outcomes. Early diagnosis is so important. But I really did take away from your article just how critical these are and sharping our diagnostic acumen. And so just to jump right in, and you describe these three new biomarkers, these cortical lesions the central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesions. And so just to kick things off let's start with cortical lesions I sort of conceptualize multiple sclerosis a disease of white matter. So, what's going on here? Dr Oh: Yes. MS classically has always been described as a white matter disease. But it turns out when you look at brain and spinal cord tissue, as well as when you use kind of better sequences to actually look for lesions in the gray matter, it actually turns out there's a ton of lesions in the gray matter as well. And in fact, what's interesting is that regardless of whether it's the cortex or the deep gray matter, it's lesions within these areas that seem to have the highest relevance for clinical disability in MS. So, all this to say, of course, MS is a lesion that does affect white matter, but it also affects gray matter a lot. And maybe pathology within the gray matter is even more relevant to clinical disability. So, this is why we're really interested in being able to develop methods using MRI to more accurately visualize the gray matter, particularly the cortex, as well as deep gray matter structures like the thalamus. I should add the caveat that cortical lesions were actually included in the 2017 diagnostic criteria revisions, but they were included together with juxtacortical lesions, which are a typical area that MS lesions form. And so, this imaging measure, despite the fact that it is relatively novel and we consider it advanced, it hasn't been used that much only because it's not that easy to detect lesions within the cortex. And reasons for this include that you usually need higher field magnet platforms. And so, the typical clinical MRI scanners that are available kind of widely, regardless of whether you're at an academic center or a community center, are 1.5 Tesla magnets. And cortical lesions are actually really difficult to detect on those typical scanners. But when you get to like, say, three Tesla or seven Tesla, they're a lot easier to detect. But obviously that's a big hindrance to widespread use. And then you actually need very specialized sequences to adequately visualize cortical lesions. And these are not sequences that are usually collected for clinical purposes. So, it kind of requires convincing your radiologists that you need this additional sequence. And then it actually takes a lot of time and training to be able to adequately, accurately detect cortical lesions. So, despite the fact that it's actually very useful when you do have the appropriate MRI sequences and scanners to detect cortical lesions, even though they were incorporated into the 2017 criteria outside of specialty centers, they're not actually widely used. But when you do have the appropriate sequences, cortical lesions are actually pretty specific for MS. So, very helpful for a diagnosis in certain settings. But there's all these practical limitations that have really limited its widespread use. Dr Albin: That is a beautiful summary. So, it sounds like once we kind of get up to speed in terms of like the protocols for this, having the magnet strength for this, this will be really a game changer in terms of increasing the specificity and also maybe finding things that impact patient's clinical presentation and therefore quite meaningful. But it sounds like for most of us, this is probably not something that they're going to be adopting right away. Is that a fair assessment? Dr Oh: Yes. And you know, they were included in the last diagnostic criteria revisions. And it really hasn't changed things very much, only because of these difficulties with, you know, requiring higher field magnet strengths and these specialized sequences and then needing training to kind of figure out how you can adequately detect cortical lesions. Dr Albin: Totally. So, the other thing we've heard a lot about, and I have to say, I was in the AAN fall conference not too long ago, and this came up quite a bit, was the central vein sign and the fascination with that, because it tells us a lot about the MS pathophysiology and again, increasing that specificity. And it seems like maybe this is one that we can more easily adopt in clinical practice. So, tell our listeners about what that is, how they detect it. How many do you need to find? Dr Oh: Sure. And so, this is one of the imaging measures I'm really excited about. So, the central vein sign heard about it recently. And probably in the last ten years particularly in the MS field we're talking about it all the time. But just wanted to emphasize that the central vein sign is not something that is new. Even back in the 1800s, when Charcot described MS lesions in these ancient textbooks, he actually very clearly described that MS lesions form around the central vein. And that makes sense, because we know that these waves of peripherally mediated inflammation somehow get through the blood-brain barrier and cause this cascade of events leading to inflammation in the brain and spinal cord, which is what MS is. But we know that B cells in T cells require veins to get into the central nervous system. And so, it's no surprise, really, that MS lesions form around veins. And so, this is something that's been known pathologically. But the reason we're so excited about it now is because we actually have good enough iron-sensitive MRI sequences that allow us to see a central vein when it is present within a white matter lesion. As a neurologist, we know that there's probably hundreds and hundreds of different things that can cause white matter lesions in the brain. But when you use an appropriate iron-sensitive sequence and you see that many of them, if not most of them, actually have visible central veins, that tells you that this person very likely has MS. And so that's why we're so excited about it, because there have been many studies done in the last ten years. In fact, so much evidence generated in the last ten years that there have been I think it's now four systematic reviews and meta analyzes. Looking at the diagnostic properties of the central vein sign. And, you know, it turns out that when you look at people with MS, most of them have a pretty high proportion of white matter lesions that have visible central veins. And there's a lot of questions about, you know, how to best use the central vein sign. But when 40% or more of the white matter lesions that you see have visible central veins, then the likelihood of a diagnosis of MS is very high. So, this is why we're so excited about it in the MS field because it's a really useful diagnostic tool. You know, again when you have appropriate ion sensitive sequences, if you see someone with white matter lesions and you see that 40% or more of them have visible central veins, this tells you that this person very likely has MS. Dr Albin: So, Dr Oh, I hear you say, you know, 40% of the lesions. Does that mean the neuro radiologist needs to look at every single lesion and then count how many have the central veins, or is there an easier way to do this? Dr Oh: Great question. Casey, there is definitely an easier way because our neuro radiologists would not be our friends anymore if we made them look at every white matter lesion and make sure that 40% of them had the central vein sign. So, because it's so time-consuming to use that 40% threshold, there's an easier criterion that has actually made it into the diagnostic criteria. And it's called Select Six. And what this means is when you have more than ten lesions, as long as you show that six of them have a visible central vein, you just have to count six with the central vein. Then you're done. So that means you're Select Six positive or central veins nine positive. However, if you have ten or fewer lesions, as long as you show that more than 50% of them show a visible central vein, then you are select six positive, and then you're done. So, as you can see, it's a much simpler criterion to apply, and it seems to perform almost as well as that 40% threshold, which is why that is the criterion that's made it into the new diagnostic criteria. Dr Albin: Perfect. I love that we definitely do not want to make enemies with our neuro radiology colleagues, but yet they do so much for us. So perfect. I'm glad that we can, make their jobs a little easier without losing any specificity there, or just losing a touch of specificity there. All right. If I am working with a, you know, in a center that maybe doesn't do this all the time, am I just getting a run of the mill SWI sequence? Do I need to ask my radiologist for a special sequence? Or is this just, you know, you can get it from the typical array of what our patients are getting. Dr Oh: You know, SWI is a widely available commercial sequence that's iron-sensitive, the ones that are typically commercially available, they can detect central veins, but there actually are little tweaks that you can do to make it a little more optimal. With the recent diagnostic criteria publication, which was, led by Xavier Montalban and recently published in Lancet Neurology. There's actually a companion MRI paper that was led by Frederick Barkov and Danny Wright. And the reason I'm specifically citing those papers is in that companion MRI paper, there's a table that has kind of optimal sequence parameters that you can use even with a conventional SWI sequence, to try to best detect the central vein sign. And then there's a wide range of different iron-sensitive sequences, and SWI is one of them, but the one that seems to have emerged as most sensitive to detect the central vein sign is something called the 3D T2*-EPI sequence. But the bottom line is there's a whole bunch of different iron-sensitive sequences that you can use, little tweaks that you can do to make them optimal, to be able to visualize central veins when they're present within white matter lesions. Dr Albin: Incredible. So like partner with your neuro radiologist, there is a great sounds like a field guide almost to this. So, it makes it easy to pick up in your standard of care so that you can make sure that you are detecting them at the optimal level to see that more specific diagnostic biomarker. Dr Oh: Yes. And you know, in contrast to what we were talking about with cortical lesions, you can actually detect central veins when you use these iron-sensitive sequences at any field magnet. So even at 1.5 Tesla, particularly when you use contrast, which is often given with the diagnostic scan anyway, you can very easily detect a central vein. So that's a huge benefit because it allows for widespread use. As long as you work with your radiologist to get the right iron-sensitive sequences in. Dr Albin: Yeah, that's incredible. I mean, I think that it really will be practice-changing. And then the last one that I think was honestly new to me, I feel like I had heard a lot about the central vein sign, but the whole new to me term was this paramagnetic rim lesion. So, what does that tell us about the underlying biology of MS? And are there any other things that might also have this finding that we should sort of be aware of? And how specific is it? Dr Oh: You know, the central vein sign is kind of the main, really new imaging measure that's made it into every part of the MS diagnostic criteria. And then together with that paramagnetic rim lesions or we call them PRL or pearls for short, they've made it as well, but in a much more limited way only because there's not as much evidence that has accumulated over time to support the diagnostic utility of pearls. But first of all, what are pearls? So, people in the MS field are really excited about pearls, because we know that they capture a subset of what we call chronic active lesions. So, MS lesions will form acutely and over time, some of them will become inactive. And then some of them are chronic active lesions, meaning that they have this rim of activated microglia around them. Over time, they continue to slowly expand. And it's almost like this slow burn. And the reason why we focus a lot on chronic active lesions is because we know that they're a driver of progressive disease biology and MS, meaning that in people who have progressive MS or who have pretty severe disability, global disability or cognitive disability, we know that they have a high burden of pearls. And so that's why there's so much excitement in MS about being able to image chronic active lesions. It's because we're always looking for an imaging measure that allows us to accurately predict progression or to, measure progression over time. So that's why there's so much excitement in MS about pearls. But as kind of an added bonus, it turns out pearls are also really specific for MS. And so, when you use the same iron-sensitive sequences, by the way, that's used to detect the central vein sign when you use appropriate iron‑sensitive sequence. And if you see that someone has a pearl, the likelihood of a diagnosis of MS is very high. The one exception to that is Susac syndrome, where pearls have been observed. But other than that, with many other white matter diseases like neuro rheumatology disease, NMOSD, MOGAD, you really don't see pearls. And so, this is why it's made it into the new diagnostic criteria. In contrast to the central vein sign, though, not everybody with MS has a pearl, so the sensitivity isn't as high. However, it's really, really specific in the range of, you know, 90 to 95%. So, this is why it's been added as, an imaging measure in certain settings. It can help facilitate a diagnosis. But the real utility, again, is when you use it, it helps you to prevent misdiagnosis. Dr Albin: It's fantastic. And hearing you talk about that, this one stands out to me as a biomarker that not only helps increase our diagnostic specificity, but also may really inform if the patient has having progression despite the treatment they're on, that this could play a role in helping you say, look, there probably is something that we need to switch because we can still see this ongoing progression. Dr Oh: Yes. And especially in this new era of treatment in MS. I think, you know, MS as a field, we've been so fortunate to have so many treatments emerge over the years that mainly target relapsing disease. But we hopefully, in the next little while, in short order, I hope we'll have treatments that target these progressive disease biologies. And so, not only is it helpful as a diagnostic marker, but there's a lot of evidence accumulating, showing that it may have a lot of prognostic value and will also help guide treatment decisions, exactly as you said. Dr Albin: It truly does sound like it's a great time to be an MS doctor there. So, so many new advances in the field. There is so much more that we can do for these patients in our limited time left. I'd love to ask you, what is it that you're most excited about now with the change in the biomarkers, the change in the treatment, what makes you really excited to be a doctor specializing in MS right now? Dr Oh: I feel like we're on the brink of a new era of treatment. I think, you know, in the last two decades, MS care has changed so dramatically. I remember, you know, way back when, as a medical student, when I did my first neurology elective, this was when the first treatments for MS were emerging. And the prognosis that we were talking to patients about at that time is like night and day compared to what we talk to them about now. But we're going to do even better in the next couple of years. And so, there's a number of new treatments that hopefully will be approved soon that, for the first time, have shown an effect in clinical trials where it seems to be decreasing progression that is independent of relapsing activity. And that's really the greatest unmet treatment need that we have. And it seems like we might have some therapies on the horizon that can actually target that aspect of progression. It's really exciting, and even more that we're going to be able to do for our patients to completely change the way, we look at and the way we treat MS in the years to come. Dr Albin: Dr Oh, this has just been fantastic. To all of our listeners, I really want to point you to the article because obviously, as an imaging biomarker article, there are so many beautiful images. There are great examples. There are some fantastic cases that show how applying these new biomarkers can help get you to the right diagnosis. This is truly a tour de force of how imaging has really shifted the care that we provide patients with MS, and so please go and check it out. It is one that you do not want to miss. And again, today I've been interviewing Dr Jiwon Oh about her article on diagnostic neuroimaging biomarkers for multiple sclerosis, which appears in the April 2026 Continuum issue on multiple sclerosis. Thank you again, Dr Oh, this has just been such a delight. Dr Oh: Thank you for having me on the show, Casey, and look forward to people reading the article. Dr Monteith: This is Dr Teshamae Monteith, associate editor of Continuum Audio. If you've enjoyed this episode, you'll love the journal, which is full of in-depth and clinically relevant information important for neurology practitioners. Use the link in the episode notes to learn more and subscribe. AAN members, you can get CME for listening to this interview by completing the evaluation at continpub.com/audioCME. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio.
Fluent Fiction - Swedish: Spring Confessions: A Dance of Hearts in Uppsala Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/sv/episode/2026-04-07-07-38-19-sv Story Transcript:Sv: Våren var i full blom i Uppsala.En: Spring was in full bloom in Uppsala.Sv: Solen värmde skolans gula tegelväggar och träden hade redan fått sina gröna knoppar.En: The sun warmed the school's yellow brick walls, and the trees had already sprouted their green buds.Sv: Skoldansen skulle hållas i gympasalen, som var dekorerad med pastellfärgade pappersgirlanger och stora påskägg.En: The school dance would be held in the gymnasium, which was decorated with pastel-colored paper garlands and large Easter eggs.Sv: Musik hördes långt bort i korridorerna, och många elever samlades för att avsluta skolveckan med en festlig kväll.En: Music was heard far down the corridors, and many students gathered to end the school week with a festive evening.Sv: Albin ställde sig vid ingången till gympasalen.En: Albin stood at the entrance to the gymnasium.Sv: Han var nervös.En: He was nervous.Sv: Han såg sig omkring och letade efter Sigrid.En: He looked around and searched for Sigrid.Sv: Hon stod vid ett bord längst bak i salen, och i hennes närhet fanns Nils.En: She stood by a table at the back of the hall, and nearby was Nils.Sv: Nils var en god vän, men ibland gjorde hans självsäkra retsamhet det svårt för Albin.En: Nils was a good friend, but sometimes his confident teasing made things difficult for Albin.Sv: "Har du skrivit kortet?"En: "Have you written the card?"Sv: frågade Nils och puttade Albin i sidan.En: asked Nils, nudging Albin in the side.Sv: "Ja," svarade Albin tyst och rodnade.En: "Yes," replied Albin quietly, blushing.Sv: Kortet, ett anonymt påskkort, fanns gömt i Sigrids skåp tidigare samma dag.En: The card, an anonymous Easter card, had been hidden in Sigrid's locker earlier that day.Sv: Albin mindes hur han hade suttit uppe kvällen innan för att skriva kortet med sina känslor.En: Albin remembered how he had stayed up the night before to write the card with his feelings.Sv: "Glad Påsk," hade han börjat, följt av några nervöst formulerade rader om hur mycket han tyckte om henne.En: "Happy Easter," he had started, followed by a few nervously phrased lines about how much he liked her.Sv: Nils fnissade.En: Nils snickered.Sv: "Du borde bara spela det cool."En: "You should just play it cool."Sv: Albin tvekade i dörröppningen.En: Albin hesitated in the doorway.Sv: Han visste att detta var hans chans.En: He knew this was his chance.Sv: Han kunde höra musiken och skratten, men hans hjärta slog så hårt att ljudet av musik nästan överröstades.En: He could hear the music and laughter, but his heart was pounding so hard that it almost drowned out the sound of the music.Sv: Plötsligt såg han Sigrid gå mot honom.En: Suddenly, he saw Sigrid walking toward him.Sv: Hon log, och något i hennes ögon sa att hon visste.En: She smiled, and something in her eyes said that she knew.Sv: När hon kom närmare höll hon upp kortet med ett leende.En: As she came closer, she held up the card with a smile.Sv: "Var det du som skrev detta?"En: "Was it you who wrote this?"Sv: frågade hon försiktigt, men det fanns en glimt av förväntan i hennes röst.En: she asked cautiously, but there was a hint of anticipation in her voice.Sv: Albin kände hur kinderna brann.En: Albin felt his cheeks burn.Sv: Här var beslutet.En: Here was the decision.Sv: Han kunde säga att det var ett skämt och gå vidare, eller han kunde satsa allt och säga sanningen.En: He could say it was a joke and move on, or he could risk everything and tell the truth.Sv: Med ett djupt andetag mötte han hennes blick.En: With a deep breath, he met her gaze.Sv: "Ja, det var jag," sa han tillslut, övervinnande rädslan som burit på honom så länge.En: "Yes, it was me," he finally said, overcoming the fear that had burdened him for so long.Sv: "Jag har velat säga det länge.En: "I've wanted to say it for a long time.Sv: Jag gillar dig, Sigrid."En: I like you, Sigrid."Sv: Sigrid log stort nu, och det var ett leende som fick hans mod att växa.En: Sigrid was smiling broadly now, and it was a smile that made his courage grow.Sv: "Jag är glad att du sa det," svarade hon.En: "I'm glad you said it," she replied.Sv: "Jag har hoppats att du skulle fråga mig."En: "I was hoping you would ask me."Sv: De tog varandras händer och gick ut på dansgolvet.En: They took each other's hands and stepped onto the dance floor.Sv: Musikens rytm fyllde gympasalen, och de dansade under de mjuka ljusen och de färgglada dekorationerna.En: The rhythm of the music filled the gymnasium, and they danced under the soft lights and the colorful decorations.Sv: För Albin var det som om världen runt honom försvann.En: For Albin, it was as if the world around him disappeared.Sv: Han hade tagit steget, vunnit över sina tvivel och var där med Sigrid.En: He had taken the step, conquered his doubts, and was there with Sigrid.Sv: När kvällen fortskred, insåg Albin att sanningen, även om den ibland kunde kännas läskig, hade gett honom mer än han någonsin kunnat hoppas på.En: As the evening went on, Albin realized that the truth, even if sometimes it felt scary, had given him more than he could ever have hoped for. Vocabulary Words:bloom: blomsprouted: fåttgymnasium: gympasalengarlands: pappersgirlangercorridors: korridorernagathered: samladesfestive: festlignervous: nervösblushing: rodnadeanonymous: anonymtphrased: formuleradelaughter: skrattenpounding: slogdrowned out: överröstadesanticipation: förväntancautiously: försiktigtgaze: blickburdened: buritconquered: vunnit överdoubts: tvivelrealized: insågtruth: sanningenscary: läskigwarmed: värmdeconfident: självsäkrateasing: retsamhetsnickered: fnissadehesitated: tvekadebroadly: stortcourage: mod
Äntligen är det här, avsnittet då vi nördar ner oss i fjädring. Med mig har jag Albin Kumlin från Kumlin Suspension. Lämna gärna en kommentar om ni gillar avsnittet.
Fluent Fiction - Swedish: Facing Fears and Finding Friendship at the Akropolis Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/sv/episode/2026-03-30-07-38-19-sv Story Transcript:Sv: Den varma vårsolen sken klart över Akropolis i Aten.En: The warm spring sun shone brightly over the Akropolis in Aten.Sv: Linnea, Albin och Saga hade beslutat sig för att utforska denna historiska plats tillsammans.En: Linnea, Albin, and Saga had decided to explore this historical site together.Sv: Linnea, en blyg men vetgirig student i historia, hade en målsättning.En: Linnea, a shy but curious history student, had a goal.Sv: Hon ville få ny insikt om det antika Greklands historia för sin avhandling.En: She wanted to gain new insights into ancient Greece's history for her thesis.Sv: Albin, en modig resenär, kämpade med sin hemliga rädsla för höga höjder.En: Albin, a brave traveler, was struggling with his secret fear of heights.Sv: Saga, en empatisk konstnär, sökte inspiration till sina målningar.En: Saga, an empathetic artist, sought inspiration for her paintings.Sv: De tre vännerna vandrade upp för den steniga vägen till Akropolis.En: The three friends walked up the rocky path to the Akropolis.Sv: Omgivningen var fylld med andra turister som också ville uppleva historiens vingslag.En: The surroundings were filled with other tourists who also wanted to experience the wings of history.Sv: De majestätiska marmorkolonnerna reste sig mot den klara, blå himlen.En: The majestic marble columns rose against the clear blue sky.Sv: Akropolis var verkligen en syn att skåda.En: Akropolis was truly a sight to behold.Sv: Linnea kände sig lite osäker.En: Linnea felt a bit uncertain.Sv: Hon ville fråga Albin och Saga om deras åsikter om de olika historiska artefakterna, men hennes blyghet höll henne tillbaka.En: She wanted to ask Albin and Saga about their opinions on the various historical artifacts, but her shyness held her back.Sv: Samtidigt försökte Albin hålla sin panik i schack.En: Meanwhile, Albin was trying to keep his panic at bay.Sv: Han såg upp mot Parthenon-templets höga pelare och kunde känna det familjära pirret av skräck i magen.En: He looked up at the tall pillars of the Parthenon temple and could feel the familiar flutter of fear in his stomach.Sv: Under vandringen märkte Saga att Albin började saktna efter.En: During the hike, Saga noticed that Albin was starting to lag behind.Sv: Hon lade märkte till hur han vitnade i ansiktet.En: She noticed how his face turned pale.Sv: "Albin, är du okej?En: "Albin, are you okay?"Sv: " frågade hon försiktigt.En: she asked cautiously.Sv: "Jag.En: "I...Sv: jag tror det," svarade han.En: I think so," he replied.Sv: "Men det är högre än vad jag trodde.En: "But it's higher than I thought."Sv: "Linnea hörde deras samtal och såg det här som en chans att hjälpa till.En: Linnea heard their conversation and saw this as a chance to help.Sv: Hon vände sig till Albin och sa, "Vi kan ta det lugnt.En: She turned to Albin and said, "We can take it easy.Sv: Jag har en karta och vi kan stanna när som helst.En: I have a map, and we can stop at any time."Sv: "Albin kände sig lättad av Linneas stöd.En: Albin felt relieved by Linnea's support.Sv: De tog ett ögonblick för att blicka ut över Aten.En: They took a moment to gaze out over Aten.Sv: Staden bredde ut sig som ett lapptäcke av vita byggnader och grönska.En: The city spread out like a patchwork of white buildings and greenery.Sv: När de nådde toppen, kände Albins rädsla sitt crescendos.En: When they reached the top, Albin's fear reached its crescendo.Sv: Men Linnea tog ledningen.En: But Linnea took the lead.Sv: Hon beskrev historian bakom Akropolis med en sådan passion att Albin kunde fokusera på hennes berättelse istället för höjden.En: She described the history behind Akropolis with such passion that Albin could focus on her story instead of the height.Sv: Sakta men säkert försvann hans rädsla.En: Slowly but surely, his fear faded away.Sv: De stod där tillsammans, Linnea, Albin och Saga, och såg ut över Aten.En: They stood there together, Linnea, Albin, and Saga, looking out over Aten.Sv: Solens strålar värmde deras ansikten, och en lätt bris smekte deras kinder.En: The sun's rays warmed their faces, and a gentle breeze caressed their cheeks.Sv: Det var en tyst stund fylld av förståelse och vänskap.En: It was a silent moment filled with understanding and friendship.Sv: Linnea insåg att hon inte bara hade lärt sig om det antika Grekland utan också om viktigheten av att öppna upp sig för andra.En: Linnea realized that she had not only learned about ancient Greece but also about the importance of opening up to others.Sv: Albin i sin tur, hade övervunnit en del av sin rädsla och kunde nu njuta av utsikten.En: Albin, in turn, had overcome part of his fear and could now enjoy the view.Sv: Saga fann sin inspiration i deras gemensamma upplevelse.En: Saga found her inspiration in their shared experience.Sv: När de började vandra ner för Akropolis, kände de sig alla lite förändrade.En: As they began to descend from the Akropolis, they all felt a little changed.Sv: Inte bara hade de fått kunskap om det förflutna, men de hade också skapat nya band med varandra.En: They had not only gained knowledge about the past, but they had also formed new bonds with each other.Sv: Det var en resa de sent skulle glömma.En: It was a journey they would not soon forget. Vocabulary Words:sun: solenthesis: avhandlingshy: blyginsight: insiktcurious: vetgiriggoal: målsättningfear: rädslaheights: höjderempathetic: empatiskinspiration: inspirationpath: vägmarble: marmorcolumns: kolonnernauncertain: osäkershyness: blyghetpanic: panikpillar: pelareflutter: pirretstomach: magencautiously: försiktigtrelieved: lättadsupport: stödbreeze: brisembrace: smekteunderstanding: förståelsejourney: resadescribed: beskrevpassion: passiongaze: blickashared: gemensamma
Fluent Fiction - Swedish: Spring Revelations: A Heartfelt Journey at Gröna Lund Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/sv/episode/2026-03-21-22-34-01-sv Story Transcript:Sv: Gröna Lund var fyllt av vårens glädje och påskens färger.En: Gröna Lund was filled with the joy of spring and the colors of Easter.Sv: Det var en perfekt dag för att njuta av Stockholm i april.En: It was a perfect day to enjoy Stockholm in April.Sv: Elin, Albin och Sofia promenerade längsmed den livliga parken med skratt och glädje i luften.En: Elin, Albin, and Sofia strolled along the lively park with laughter and joy in the air.Sv: De såg sig omkring och kände doften av nybakat bröd och hörde sockervaddsmaskiner som surrade.En: They looked around and smelled freshly baked bread and heard the cotton candy machines whirring.Sv: Elin försökte att vara glad och njöt av dagen med sina vänner, men inom sig var hon orolig.En: Elin tried to be happy and enjoy the day with her friends, but inside she was worried.Sv: Den envisa hostan hade följt henne i flera veckor.En: The persistent cough had followed her for several weeks.Sv: Ibland kände hon sig så trött att hon knappt kunde koncentrera sig på de roliga karusellerna.En: Sometimes she felt so tired that she could barely concentrate on the fun rides.Sv: De tre vännerna stannade vid ett stånd och åt prasslande påskägg medan barnen runt dem letade efter godis i sina korgar.En: The three friends stopped at a stand and ate crackling Easter eggs while the children around them searched for candy in their baskets.Sv: Sofia märkte att Elin verkade lite disträ.En: Sofia noticed that Elin seemed a bit distracted.Sv: "Är allt okej, Elin?"En: "Is everything okay, Elin?"Sv: frågade hon försiktigt.En: she asked cautiously.Sv: Elin skrattade, men hostade snart igen.En: Elin laughed, but soon coughed again.Sv: "Jo, jag är bara lite trött," svarade hon och torkade en tår från ögat.En: "Yes, I'm just a little tired," she replied, wiping a tear from her eye.Sv: Albin böjde sig närmare.En: Albin leaned in closer.Sv: "Du vet att du kan prata med oss, eller hur?"En: "You know you can talk to us, right?"Sv: sa han lugnt.En: he said softly.Sv: En stund senare satt de alla i en färgglad vagn på pariserhjulet.En: A moment later, they were all sitting in a colorful carriage on the Ferris wheel.Sv: Hjulet började röra sig sakta upp mot den klara vårhimlen.En: The wheel began to move slowly up towards the clear spring sky.Sv: Det var något med den lugna utsikten över Stockholm som gjorde Elin modigare.En: There was something about the calm view over Stockholm that made Elin braver.Sv: "Jag har något att berätta," sa hon plötsligt när de nådde toppen.En: "I have something to tell," she said suddenly when they reached the top.Sv: "Den här hostan... den oroar mig.En: "This cough... it worries me.Sv: Jag försöker att inte tänka på det, men jag kan inte låta bli att undra."En: I'm trying not to think about it, but I can't help but wonder."Sv: Albin lade sin hand på hennes axel.En: Albin placed his hand on her shoulder.Sv: "Det är bra att du berättar.En: "It's good that you're telling us.Sv: Vi finns här för dig."En: We're here for you."Sv: Sofia nickade.En: Sofia nodded.Sv: "Vi kanske ska besöka en läkare.En: "Maybe we should visit a doctor.Sv: Vi kan följa med dig."En: We can go with you."Sv: Elin kände en våg av lättnad skölja över sig.En: Elin felt a wave of relief wash over her.Sv: "Tack.En: "Thanks.Sv: Jag tror att jag behöver göra det," sa hon med ett svagt leende.En: I think I need to do that," she said with a faint smile.Sv: När hjulet långsamt nådde marken igen kände Elin sig lättare.En: As the wheel slowly reached the ground again, Elin felt lighter.Sv: Hon visste nu att hon hade stöd.En: She now knew she had support.Sv: Kanske var det dags att ta itu med sitt bekymmer på riktigt.En: Maybe it was time to really address her concern.Sv: Gröna Lund fortsatte att surra med energi när de lämnade pariserhjulet.En: Gröna Lund continued to buzz with energy as they left the Ferris wheel.Sv: Elin kramade Albin och Sofia, glad över att ha dem som vänner.En: Elin hugged Albin and Sofia, glad to have them as friends.Sv: Påsken handlade om nytt liv och hopp, och nu kände hon att det fanns nytt hopp för henne också.En: Easter was about new life and hope, and now she felt there was new hope for her too.Sv: De tre vännerna avslutade dagen med ett löfte: de skulle ta hand om varandra, oavsett vad.En: The three friends ended the day with a promise: they would take care of each other, no matter what.Sv: Det äventyret, precis som alla andra i deras liv, skulle de möta tillsammans.En: That adventure, just like all others in their lives, they would face together. Vocabulary Words:filled: fylltjoy: glädjecolors: färgerstrolled: promeneradelively: livligasmelled: kände doftenfreshly: nybakatwhirring: surradepersistent: envisbarely: knapptconcentrate: koncentreracrackling: prasslandedistracted: disträcautiously: försiktigtwiping: torkadetear: tårleaned: böjdecarriage: vagnbraver: modigaresuddenly: plötsligtplaced: ladewave: vågrelief: lättnadfaint: svagtlighter: lättaresupport: stödaddress: ta itu medconcern: bekymmerbuzz: surrapromise: löfte
Many serious medical illnesses are associated with some degree of serum electrolyte abnormality, renal impairment, or both. The neurologist must determine if the patient's neurologic symptoms are related to the renal and electrolyte disturbances or whether a concurrent primary neurologic process is at play. In this episode, Casey Albin, MD, speaks with Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD, FAAN, FACP, FNCS, author of the article "Neurologic Manifestations of Renal and Electrolyte Disorders" in the Continuum® February 2026 Neurology of Systemic Disease issue. Dr. Albin is a Continuum® Audio interviewer, associate editor of media engagement, and an assistant professor of neurology and neurosurgery at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Wijdicks is a professor of neurology and attending neurointensivist for the Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Additional Resources Read the article: Neurologic Manifestations of Renal and Electrolyte Disorders Subscribe to Continuum®: shop.lww.com/Continuum Earn CME (available only to AAN members): continpub.com/AudioCME Continuum® Aloud (verbatim audio-book style recordings of articles available only to Continuum® subscribers): continpub.com/Aloud More about the American Academy of Neurology: aan.com Social Media facebook.com/continuumcme @ContinuumAAN Host: @caseyalbin Guest: @EWijdicks Full episode transcript available here
Här kommer ett kärleksbrev till dig, min kära lyssnare. En påminnelse om att romantik behövs och att den gör livet lite härligare. Och kanske viktigast av allt: romantik är något vi kan öva på, lite mer, varje dag.I det här avsnittet hyllar jag de små gesterna som gör störst skillnad och hur vi uppvaktar varandra i vardagen. Med mig har jag några personer jag tycker väldigt mycket om som delar sina tankar om romantik, kärleksbrev, presenter och romantisk mat.Du hör Ebba Kleberg von Sydow, Hanaw Rashid, Martin Hansson och Adam & Albin. Ett avsnitt om pirr, värme och valet att om och om igen bjuda in mer romantik i livet.
Why are Americans getting sicker, heavier, and more stressed? In this episode of The Ana Cruz Show, Ana Cruz talks with Dr. Jaclyn Albin, a pediatrician and lifestyle medicine expert, about how food impacts our body, mind, and overall health. They discuss what's missing from the average American plate, how processed foods fuel chronic disease and depression, and practical tips to eat smarter every day. Follow @anacruzshow on Instagram and TikTok for more, and visit www.rollosdemujeres.com for updates and resources! Check out more of Dr. Albin's work on her LinkedIn page. Here are some delicious recipes from the culinarymedicine.org and a podcast on culinary medicine to learn more! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Clinicians and patients are in a state of prognostic uncertainty when they are unsure about the future course of an illness. By embracing uncertainty while cultivating prognostic awareness, neurologists can serve the critical role of supporting patients and families through the living and dying process. In this episode, Casey Albin, MD, speaks with Robert G. Holloway, MD, MPH, FAAN, author of the article "Managing Prognostic Uncertainty in Neurologic Disease" in the Continuum® December 2025 Neuropalliative Care issue. Dr. Albin is a Continuum® Audio interviewer, associate editor of media engagement, and an assistant professor of neurology and neurosurgery at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Holloway is the Edward and Alma Vollertsen Rykenboer Chair and a professor of neurology in the department of neurology at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry in Rochester, New York. Additional Resources Read the article: Managing Prognostic Uncertainty in Neurologic Disease Subscribe to Continuum®: shop.lww.com/Continuum Earn CME (available only to AAN members): continpub.com/AudioCME Continuum® Aloud (verbatim audio-book style recordings of articles available only to Continuum® subscribers): continpub.com/Aloud More about the American Academy of Neurology: aan.com Social Media facebook.com/continuumcme @ContinuumAAN Host: @caseyalbin Full episode transcript available here Dr Jones: This is Dr Lyell Jones, Editor-in-Chief of Continuum. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio. Be sure to visit the links in the episode notes for information about earning CME, subscribing to the journal, and exclusive access to interviews not featured on the podcast. Dr Albin: Hello, this is Dr Casey Albin. Today I'm interviewing Dr Bob Holloway about his article on managing prognostic uncertainty in neurologic disease, which appears in the December 2025 Continuum issue on neuropalliative care. Welcome to the podcast, and please introduce yourself to our audience. Dr Holloway: Hi, Casey, and thank you. Again, my name is Bob Holloway. I'm a clinician and neurologist up in Rochester, New York, and I've been doing both neurology and palliative care for many years. Dr Albin: Well, that's fantastic. And I really wanted to emphasize how much I really enjoyed reading this article. I know that we're going to get into some of the pearls that you offer, but I really want to tell the listeners, like, this is a great one to read because not only does it have sort of a philosophical take, but you also really provide some pragmatic tips of how we can help our patients manage this prognostic uncertainty. But maybe just tell us a little bit, what is prognostic uncertainty? Dr Holloway: Yes, thank you. Well, I think everyone has a sense of what prognostic uncertainty is. And it's just the uncertain futures that we as clinicians and our patients face. And I would just say that a way to summarize it is just, how do we manage the "not yet" of neurologic illness? Dr Albin: I love that. In neurologic illness, there is so much "not yet" and there are so many unknowns. And what I thought was really helpful about your article is you kind of give us three buckets in which we can think about the different types of uncertainty our patients are facing. What are those? Dr Holloway: This is, I think, an area that really is of interest to me, thinking about how to organize the prognostic "not yet" or that landscape. And one way I've tried to simplify it is to think about it as data-centered. And that's the world that we mostly live in as neurologists. That's the probability distributions. We also have kind of system-level uncertainties, and that's the uncertainties that our health system affords for our patients. And then we have, also, the patient-centered uncertainties and the uncertainties that those two prior categories cause for our patients. And that's a big uncertainty that we often don't address. Dr Albin: In reading the article, I was really struck by, we spend a lot of time thinking about data uncertainty. Can we get population-based research? Can we sort of look at prognostication scoring? I live in the ICU, and so we think a lot about these, like, scoring metrics and putting patients into buckets and helping us derive their care based on where their severity index is. And I'm sure that is true in many of the divisions of neurology. But what I did not really appreciate---and I thought you did a really fantastic job of kind of drawing our attention to---is there's a lot of system-centered uncertainty. Can you give us a little bit of examples, like, what is system-based uncertainty? Dr Holloway: I think system-level uncertainties just encompass the practical information gaps that may arise during our healthcare encounter. And a lot of, I think, the uncertainty that our patients face and families, they actually describe it as they feel captive by the uncertainty. And it's just the unknowns, not just what affords from the actual information about the disease and its prognosis in the future, but actually the level of the system, like, who's going to take care of them? How do you manage arranging for nurses to come into the home or all those practical-level uncertainties that the system provides that sometimes we don't do a good job of road-mapping for patients. Dr Albin: Absolutely. Because I feel like we have a little bit of a gap in that often as physicians. Like, the family asks, what will hospice at home look like? Well, you know, that's a question for case management. I think they'll come in and they'll tell you. But it strikes me that that's a real gap of my being able to walk patients through. Will they get home health care? Will they have transportation set up? Will there be a nurse who comes in to check? How often are they available? What's the cost going to be? All of these practical aspects of dealing with an illness that are beyond sort of our scope of knowledge, but probably have a huge practical impact to the patient. Dr Holloway: Without question, every encounter patients wonder about, that kind of future wish landscape that we- all our future-oriented desires and hopes. And so much of that is the practical aspects of our health system, which is often fragmented, kind of unknown, uncertain. And that's a huge source of uncertainty for our patients and families. And then that leads to many other uncertainties that we need to address. Dr Albin: Absolutely. I think another one that we, again, maybe don't spend quite as much time thinking about is this patient-level uncertainty. What's going on there? Dr Holloway: Yeah. So, I think patient-level uncertainty is that uncertainty that they experience when confronted with the two other types of uncertainty: the actual data-centered uncertainty and the system-level uncertainty. And that's that, kind of, very huge kind of uncertainty about what it means for them and their family and their future futures. And that's a source of huge stress and anxiety, and often frankly bordering on dread and fear for our patients and families. That actually gets into very levels of uncertainty that I would call maybe over even in the existential realm. Patient-level uncertainty in the actual existential questions or the fear and the dread or the kind of just unnerving aspect of it is actually even more important to patients than the scientific or data-centered uncertainty that we focus most of our attention on. Dr Albin: Yeah, I think this is, to me, was getting towards that, like, what does the patient care about and how are they coping with what is in many times a really dramatic shift in their life expectancy or morbidity expectations and this sort of radical renegotiation about what it means to have a neurologic illness? And how does that shift their thinking about who they are and their priorities in the world? Is that right? Dr Holloway: One thousand percent, and in fact, I will say---and I think is one of the main take home messages is that, you know, managing prognostic certainty is not an end in itself. It really is to help patients and families adaptively cope to their new and often harsh new reality, that we could help them adapt to their new normal. I think that is one of our main tasks as neurologists in our care teams is to help patients find and ultimately maybe achieve existential or spiritual or well-being even in their new health states. You know, that you certainly often see in the intensive care unit, but we often always see in the outpatient realm as well, and all our other diseases. Dr Albin: I think that's really hard to do. I think those conversations are incredibly difficult and trying to navigate where patients want to be, what would bring meaning, what would bring value. I think many of us struggle to have these pretty real and intense conversations with families about what really is important. And one of the things I really liked about this article is you kind of walk us through some steps that we as clinicians can take to get a little bit more comfortable. Maybe just walk us through, what are some of the things that you have found most helpful in trying to get families and patients to open up about what brings them meaning? How are they navigating this new, really uncertain time in their life? Dr Holloway: Yeah, so I do kind of have a ten-point recommendations of how to help cultivate a more integrated awareness of an uncertain future. I mean, I think the most important thing is actually just recognizing that embracing uncertainty as an amazingly remarkable cognitive tool. I mean, let's face it, uncertainty, when it happens with neurologic illness and disease, is often fearful. It's scary. It kind of changes our world. But on the flip side of it, it's a remarkable cognitive tool that actually can help us find new ways and new paths and new creativity. And I think we can use that kind of opposites to help our patients find new meaning in very difficult situations. So, thinking about uncertainty, kind of being courageous, leaning into it and recognizing that it does create anxieties and fear, but it also can kind of help create new solutions and new ideas to help people navigate. Dr Albin: I was hoping that maybe you could give us an example of, like, how would you do that? If a patient comes in and they're dealing with, you know, a new diagnosis and they're navigating this new uncertainty, what are some of the things that you ask to help them reframe that, to kind of take some of the good about that uncertainty? How do you navigate that? Dr Holloway: One of the other recommendations is actually just resetting the timeline and expectations for these conversations. That it shouldn't be expected that patients should accept their harsh new reality immediately, that it takes time in a trusted environment. And that there's this, like, oscillating nature of hopes and fears and dread, and you've just got to work with them over time. And with time, and once you understand who the patient and family are and understand where they find meaning and where they find, actually, joy in their life, or what actually brings them meaning, you can start recasting their futures into credible narratives in their kind of future landscape in ways that I think can help them enter into their new realities within the, you know, framework of disease management that you can offer them within your healthcare team or your healthcare system or wherever you are in the world and the available resources that you have to offer patients and families. Dr Albin: So, this sounds like a lot to me like active listening and really trying to get to know what is important to the family, what is important to the patient. And I guess probably just creating that space even in that busy clinical environment. Do I have that right? Dr Holloway: You can absolutely do that, right. You know, and honestly, active listening, we are challenged in our busy healthcare system to do this, but I think with the right listening skills and the appropriate ways of paying attention, you can definitely illuminate these possible, kind of future-oriented worlds for patients and help them navigate those new terrains with them. Frankly, I think that's a real new space for us in neurology. We don't think about and train how to create credible narratives for patients and families. We do it on the fly, but I think there's so much more work to do. How do you actually keep, you know, that best-case, worst-case, most likely credible narratives for patients that can help them adapt to their new realities and support them on their new journeys? Dr Albin: I love that best-case, worst-case, most likely case. I find that framework really helpful. But you talk in your article, it's not just about using that best case or worst case or most likely, but it's actually building some forecasting into that and having some real data to kind of support what you're saying. And there's a lot of growth towards actually becoming good as a medical forecaster. Can you describe a little bit, what did you mean by that? Dr Holloway: You're absolutely right. I think, actually, one of the skillsets of becoming and managing prognostic uncertainty is actually becoming a skilled medical forecaster. And it's a really tall order. So, we've got to be both good medical forecasters as well as helping patients adaptively cope to their new reality. But the good medical forecasting is actually now going more quantitative in thinking about the data that's available to help think about the important outcomes for patients and families and then predicting what their probabilities are so you can shape those futures around. So, yes, we do have to have an open mindset. We do have to actually look at the data that's available and actually think about, what are those long-term probabilities and outcomes? And we can be honest about those and even communicate them with families. But it's a really good skill set to have. Dr Albin: Yeah. This to me was a little bit about, how do you bring in the data knowledge that we try to get over time as we develop our expertise? You're developing not just a reliance on population-based data, but in my experience, I have seen this. And that sort of ability to kind of look at the patient in front of you, think about the big picture, but also a little bit about their unique medical comorbidities or prior life experiences. So, some of that database knowledge, and then bringing in and getting to know what is important to the patient. And so, sort of marrying that data-centric/patient-centric mindset. Dr Holloway: I love it. I guess the other way of saying that, too, is we need to think with precision, but communicate in narratives. And it's okay to gently put more precise estimates on our probability predictions with patients and families, what we think is the most likely case, best and worst case. Because patients and families want us to be more precise. We often shy away from it, but- so, it's okay to think in precisions, but we've got to put those in narratives in the most likely, best-, and worst-case scenarios. And don't be afraid if you think in terms of ninety percents, ten percents, fifty percents; most patients and families don't mind that. And what they're telling us is they actually want to hear that, if you are comfortable talking in those terms. Dr Albin: Yeah, absolutely. And giving a sense of the humility to say, like, this is my best guess based on medical data and my experience, I would say, but again, none of us have a crystal ball. And I do think families, as long as you're sort of couching your expectations into the sort of imperfect, but I'm doing my best, really appreciate that. Dr Holloway: They totally do all the time. Just say, I simply don't know for certain, but these are my best estimates. That's a good way of just phrasing that. Dr Albin: Yeah. So powerful. I don't know for certain. And then I wanted to just kind of close out, because there's this one term that you use that I thought was so interesting. And I wanted you to kind of tell our listeners a little bit about what you mean here, which is that, when you're actively open-minded, you're using this, quote, "dragonfly eyes." What do you mean by that? Dr Holloway: So, the dragonfly eyes, as you know, they can look at three sixty around them and they just, they move in all directions. Being actively open minded, I guess the biggest example I would say is, I don't like the term prognostic discordance, which means that there's a difference of subjective estimates of prognosis between patients and families. Being openly minded is actually embracing the potential information that the family has about prognosis and incorporating that into your estimates. So, I wouldn't say it's discordances, per se; I think being really actively open-minded is taking that all in and utilizing that as, you know what, they know more than you do about the patient and their loved ones, and they may have insights that can inform your best estimates of prognosis. So, the true dragonfly prognosticator actually is one who embraces and doesn't consider it discord, but considers it kind of new, useful information that I just need to weigh in so I can help the family in my best professional way in terms of developing a prognosis, whatever the condition may be. Dr Albin: I can imagine this is just so challenging and something that takes a long time to sort of perfect all of this. I think you say right below that, you need a growth mindset to do this because it is hard, and it's going to take an active participation and an active desire to get better at these conversations with our families. Dr Holloway: One thousand percent. You are so right that it takes time, effort, and not feeling like you're being challenged, but that actually you are including them in your entire body of knowledge, that you're just- it's part of all you're collecting. And even, I was on service last week, and I talked to residents and students about that very issue. It's like take their prognosis. And someone who came in, we thought CJB, very sad, tragic case, but we were thinking about what the future may look like and how do we actually work with the family who had very what we thought was unrealistic expectations. I said, well, no, this is not discordance. This is just useful information that we can take understand where they're coming from and incorporate that into the ways we want to build relationships, build trust, and over time we'll get to a point where we hopefully can work with them and have them have that fully integrated awareness of their future. Dr Albin: Yeah, that's beautiful. It really is this ongoing negotiation that really requires so much listening, understanding, and then obviously information and expertise about the data that we're presenting and the likelihood outcome, recognizing that there's a lot of uncertainty in all of this. Which, you know, again, this is kind of a 360 talk. At every level there is uncertainty, and that's what makes it so hard. Dr Holloway: Yeah, you're absolutely right. And actually, even in the article I kind of used the term radical uncertainty as that, no matter how resolvable all this uncertainty is, there will always still remain that radical element of our existence which we have to actually incorporate and be prepared for. And actually, not only of ourselves, but actually for patients and families and helping manage that. Using narratives and credible narratives and kind of ranges of possibilities is the best way to do that in a personalized way. Dr Albin: Well, this has been a fantastic conversation, and I know that we are running a bit short on time. So, as we wrap up and you think about this topic, are there any key take-home messages that you hope our listeners will walk away with? Dr Holloway: I think one main emphasis is that despite all the successes we feel we have in neurology, is that we all have to recognize that prognostic uncertainty is just going to increase in the future. But this is going to be for several reasons. One is that, just, the illness uncertainty of all of our great therapies are just going to be creating more uncertainty for the future. And precision medicine is paradoxical, and that actually it creates more uncertainty. So, I think we need to be prepared that we have to manage prognostic uncertainty better, because it's definitely going to increase. And two, it's what I said earlier, is that actually managing prognostic uncertainty is not an end to itself. It's actually helping patients and families adapt to their new and sometimes harsh new reality and actually help them to ultimately get to a place where maybe either their condition is neither dreaded, but actually they can accept it as their new reality and actually achieve some sort of existential well-being and existential health. I think that we have a lot more to emphasize in this area. And for far too long, we've focused on the certainty aspect of our field and not enough on the uncertainty in the world of medicine to help our patients and families. Dr Albin: And gosh, isn't there just so much uncertainty? And I think this has been beautiful. So, thank you again for coming and sharing your expertise. Dr Holloway: Thank you very much. It's been a pleasure. Dr Albin: For all of our listeners out there, this is a truly fantastic article, and I would just like to direct you to going to read the cases because not only do the cases offer a little bit of practical advice, but there's one that's actually sort of a philosophical discussion about, what does it mean to be alive and confront death? There's some beautiful artwork that's featured as well. So this is just a really unique article, and I'm excited for our listeners to have a chance to check it out. So again, today I've been interviewing Dr Bob Holloway about his article on managing prognostic uncertainty in neurologic disease, which appears in the December 2025 Continuum issue on neuropalliative care. Be sure to check out Continuum Audio episodes from this and other issues. Dr Monteith: This is Dr Teshamae Monteith, Associate Editor of Continuum Audio. If you've enjoyed this episode, you'll love the journal, which is full of in-depth and clinically relevant information important for neurology practitioners. Use the link in the episode notes to learn more and subscribe. AAN members, you can get CME for listening to this interview by completing the evaluation at continpub.com/audioCME. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio.
When we talk about it, it makes you want to smile, but at the same time your eyes can fill with tears. And, speaking about saudade, I have a lot. Sunday is a saudade called Minas Gerais. Of the dreams I dreamed, of others that I didn't even allow myself to dream. In any corner of the world, saudade follows me, but especially in autumn. This sensation of things lost, past and future, grips me in the present. Sometimes it flows through my fingers, run over by the rush of everyday life. Saudade is what proves to us that we love, that we lived moments that were worthwhile, and that we have stories that deserve to be remembered. It's what connects us with what we were and who we were. Sunday is a day to remember everything you had, have and could have had. It's a time to be grateful, despite anything else. To me, this mix conveys a feeling not only of nostalgia but also the alchemy of saudade into a deep moment of rest and introspection. Watch the sun's rays come in through the window and smell the lush birth of a new day. I hope this selection brings warmth and spurs energy for your day. Words by @albindj Tracklist: U.e. - Froggy Explorer (28912, 2025) Ross Alexander - Fresh Ice Cream (Sucata Tapes, 2017) Stone - Achey (3 X L, 2025) Black Sabbath - Planet Caravan (Vertigo Records, 1970) Lars Barkuhn - Massai (Utopia Records, 2017) Ezra Feinberg - Soft Power ft. David Lackner (Tonal Union, 2024) Deux Filles - The Letter (Humbug, 1993) Joanne Robertson and Oliver Coates - Gown (AD 93, 2025) Unchained - Largo (A Colourful Storm, 2024) Purelink - First Iota ft. Angelina Nonaj (Peak Oil, 2025) Ark Noir - Anthocyanin (Molten Moods, 2023) Milton Nascimento e Jobim Trio - Dias Azuis (Blue Note, 2008) Skeleten - E Tusk (Self Release, 2025) Robert Rich - Whispers Of Eden (Hearts Of Space, 1994) Ludvig Cimbrelius - A Summer Yet To Come (Stereoscenic Records, 2024) LAVURN - Kill +1 (Self Release, 2025) Officer John - Handle (Wah Wah Wino, 2025) Skeleten - World Facing (Self Release, 2025) Sir Was - In The Midst (City Slang, 2017) conforter2 - How To Arrive (Nous'klaer Audio, 2023) Qur'an Shaheed - Dreams (Leaving Records, 2025) Herbert & Momoko - Need To Run (Accidental Records, 2025) Tom Skinner - The Maxim feat. Meshell Ndegeocello (International Anthem, 2025) Follow us on social media: @itsdelayed linktr.ee/delayed www.delayed.nyc www.facebook.com/itsdelayed www.instagram.com/_____delayed www.youtube.com/@_____delayed Contact us: info@delayed.nyc
Join Nick Lamagna on The A Game Podcast with our guest Nick Albin, aka "Chewy," one of the most well known Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Black Belts and entrepreneurs on the internet today! He is an entrepreneur, business owner, podcast host and coach fighting out of Louisville, Kentucky! After a traumatic experience where he was jumped in high school, he lacked self confidence and a sense of safety and self worth. He was eventually brought back out of his shell and gained his confidence back through wrestling, weight lifting and martial arts eventually earning a black belt in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu in 2011. This self proclaimed meathead at heart has an extensive background in martial arts, health, nutrition and fitness. He has a gift for explaining things in an entertaining and relatable way which has caught on like wild fire where he has earned a blackbelt in branding business and marketing. He continually finds ways to grow his academy and podcast sharing his love of Brazilian jiu jitsu, health and fitness with the world through his academy, Derby City Mixed Martial Arts and his wildly popular Youtube Channel and social media, where athletes and business owners can relate to the parallels of the stress of humanity and he is connecting the bridges of the brains of the civilian and the combat sport competitor to show us that we're all the same and can help each other do better He also has a popular tournament, The Chewjitsu Open he puts on and is gaining a lot of traction in the competition circles. You know him through his Chewjitsu brand,The Chewjitsu Podcast and his successful Chew Crew Newsletter, welcome to the A Game Podcast, BJJ Royalty Nick Albin! Topics for this episode include: ✅ An important question you must answer before you go into business ✅ The answer to successful branding that no one wants to hear ✅ How to deal with fear and anxiety in life and business ✅ Learn the superpower to embrace the things you don't enjoy ✅ What to look for when you're trying to find a great mentor + more! Check the show notes to connect with all things Chewy! Connect with Nick "Chewy" Albin: www.chewjitsu.net Nick Albin on Facebook Nick Albin on Instagram Nick Albin on Twitter Nick Albin on LinkedIn Nick Albin on TikTok Nick Albin on Youtube Free Focused BJJ Ebook Subscribe to the Chew Crew Newsletter! Connect with ChewJitsu Podcast: ChewJitsu Podcast Chewjitsu Podcast on Facebook Chewjitsu Podcast on Instagram Chewjitsu Podcast on Threads Chewjitsu Podcast on Youtube Connect with Derby City: Derby City Mixed Martial Arts Derby City Mixed Martial Arts on Facebook Derby City MMA on Instagram Derby City MMA on Threads Derby City Mixed Martial Arts on Youtube Connect with other Chewy Jitsu Open Tournament: The Chewjitsu Open On Facebook Chewjitsu Open on Instagram Chewjistu Open on Threads --- Connect with Nick Lamagna www.nicknicknick.com Text Nick (516)540-5733 Connect on ALL Social Media and Podcast Platforms Here FREE Checklist on how to bring more value to your buyers
Our friend Albin Sadar joins us to discuss his recent article "Some People Are Still Oblivious to the Obvious".The article criticizes modern gender norms as rejecting self-evident truths and urges Christians to actively defend traditional values.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Albin shares a 4th of July Fun Facts Friday!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Albin joins us again this week for a Fun Facts Friday specialSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Albin Sadar Recaps the High Seas Hijinks on the Greek Cruise with EricSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Eric is interviews by Albin about his book Fish out of Water See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.