Podcasts about black african americans

Black/African Americans account for 42.1% HIV infection cases (U.S Department of Health) So before we get into the fun details about sex, let's talk about how to protect ourselves! In this episode we are going to go over sexually transmitted diseases and how we can prevent them. Tune in for sexual knowledge and a sneak peak into our next Patreon episode!

On this week's Tech Nation, Dr. Patrice Matchaba, the President of the Novartis US Foundation. He talks about how the limits of medical technology itself have excluded Black/African Americans and Persons of Color … and sometimes *all* women. Then University of Chicago professor Dr Neil Shubin talks about “Some Assembly required … Decoding Four Billion Years of Life, from Ancient Fossils to DNA.” Ancient viruses in our DNA? And what about “jumping genes”?

The proportion of people living with dementia who identify as Black/African Americans is on the rise, and so too are the proportion of caregivers who identify as Black/African American.  As our guests talk about today, caregiving for people living with dementia takes a tremendous toll, and when this toll is set atop the challenges of racism in all its forms, the reality of caregiving while Black can be overwhelming. Today we talk with Fayron Epps and Karen Moss, two nurse researchers who are focused on improving the experience of Black/African American caregivers of persons living with dementia.  We talk in particular about: Terminology.  Acknowledging that the most sensitive terms shift over time, what terms are they using today and why? Black? African American? Black/African American?  We also learn that the term stakeholder, so common in research, should be avoided for its early usage as White colonialists staked out land taken from Native American peoples.  Why a focus on Black/African American caregivers and people with dementia? Why should interventions be culturally tailored for this group?  Feyron has centered her work in Black/African American faith communities and churches - a program she titled Alter.  Why this focus? Karen has a Cambia Sojourns award to pilot an intervention in which Black/African American former caregivers are trained to provide peer support to current caregivers (Peer2Care).  This seems like a triple win - the bereaved former caregiver has the opportunity to be generative, share their story, and give back; the current caregiver connects with someone similar who listens when so many people are tuning them out; the person with dementia benefits from the caregiver's improved sense of self-efficacy, decreased loneliness/social isolation, and better coping overall. Why are nurse researchers in particular critical to the study of these issues? And Karen brings a tambourine in the studio for I'll Fly Away (see YouTube version)! -@AlexSmithMD    

In the United States, Blacks/African Americans are disproportionately impacted by HIV compared to other races and ethnicities. In 2021, there were approximately 36,100 new HIV diagnoses and Black/African Americans made up 40% of the new cases; of which 39% were Black/African American men who have sex with men. If current HIV diagnoses rates persist, about 1 in 2 Black men who have sex with men (MSM) will be diagnosed with HIV during their lifetime. But HIV is no longer a death sentence. People with HIV who take HIV medication as prescribed and reach and maintain viral suppression cannot sexually transmit the virus to their partner. This finding highlights the importance of getting people tested for HIV and linked to HIV care and treatment if they test positive so they can get the support they need and get access to medication. Chrissy Abrahms Woodland, Director of the Division of Metropolitan HIV/AIDS Programs joins the show. A team from her organization is in Atlanta during Atlanta Black Pride to raise awareness, provide testing and support for a community at risk and to encourage people to find health care providers through the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program.

Gretchen Sorin, Director and Distinguished Professor of the Cooperstown Graduate Program at the State University of New York - Oneonta, talks about her book, Driving While Black: African American Travel and the Road to Civil Rights (Liveright, 2020), with Peoples & Things host, Lee Vinsel. Driving While Black examines how cars fit into black lives and sheds light on how this technology fits into much larger patterns of history, including the Civil Rights and Black Lives Matter movements. Sorin and Vinsel also talk about the field of public history and communicating to non-academic audiences. Lee Vinsel is an associate professor in the Department of Science, Technology and Society at Virginia Tech. He studies human life with technology, with particular focus on the relationship between government, business, and technological change. His first book, Moving Violations: Automobiles, Experts, and Regulations in the United States, was published by Johns Hopkins University Press in July 2019. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/american-studies

Gretchen Sorin, Director and Distinguished Professor of the Cooperstown Graduate Program at the State University of New York - Oneonta, talks about her book, Driving While Black: African American Travel and the Road to Civil Rights (Liveright, 2020), with Peoples & Things host, Lee Vinsel. Driving While Black examines how cars fit into black lives and sheds light on how this technology fits into much larger patterns of history, including the Civil Rights and Black Lives Matter movements. Sorin and Vinsel also talk about the field of public history and communicating to non-academic audiences. Lee Vinsel is an associate professor in the Department of Science, Technology and Society at Virginia Tech. He studies human life with technology, with particular focus on the relationship between government, business, and technological change. His first book, Moving Violations: Automobiles, Experts, and Regulations in the United States, was published by Johns Hopkins University Press in July 2019. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/african-american-studies

Gretchen Sorin, Director and Distinguished Professor of the Cooperstown Graduate Program at the State University of New York - Oneonta, talks about her book, Driving While Black: African American Travel and the Road to Civil Rights (Liveright, 2020), with Peoples & Things host, Lee Vinsel. Driving While Black examines how cars fit into black lives and sheds light on how this technology fits into much larger patterns of history, including the Civil Rights and Black Lives Matter movements. Sorin and Vinsel also talk about the field of public history and communicating to non-academic audiences. Lee Vinsel is an associate professor in the Department of Science, Technology and Society at Virginia Tech. He studies human life with technology, with particular focus on the relationship between government, business, and technological change. His first book, Moving Violations: Automobiles, Experts, and Regulations in the United States, was published by Johns Hopkins University Press in July 2019. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/science-technology-and-society

Gretchen Sorin, Director and Distinguished Professor of the Cooperstown Graduate Program at the State University of New York - Oneonta, talks about her book, Driving While Black: African American Travel and the Road to Civil Rights (Liveright, 2020), with Peoples & Things host, Lee Vinsel. Driving While Black examines how cars fit into black lives and sheds light on how this technology fits into much larger patterns of history, including the Civil Rights and Black Lives Matter movements. Sorin and Vinsel also talk about the field of public history and communicating to non-academic audiences. Lee Vinsel is an associate professor in the Department of Science, Technology and Society at Virginia Tech. He studies human life with technology, with particular focus on the relationship between government, business, and technological change. His first book, Moving Violations: Automobiles, Experts, and Regulations in the United States, was published by Johns Hopkins University Press in July 2019. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Gretchen Sorin, Director and Distinguished Professor of the Cooperstown Graduate Program at the State University of New York - Oneonta, talks about her book, Driving While Black: African American Travel and the Road to Civil Rights (Liveright, 2020), with Peoples & Things host, Lee Vinsel. Driving While Black examines how cars fit into black lives and sheds light on how this technology fits into much larger patterns of history, including the Civil Rights and Black Lives Matter movements. Sorin and Vinsel also talk about the field of public history and communicating to non-academic audiences. Lee Vinsel is an associate professor in the Department of Science, Technology and Society at Virginia Tech. He studies human life with technology, with particular focus on the relationship between government, business, and technological change. His first book, Moving Violations: Automobiles, Experts, and Regulations in the United States, was published by Johns Hopkins University Press in July 2019. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/technology

Gretchen Sorin, Director and Distinguished Professor of the Cooperstown Graduate Program at the State University of New York - Oneonta, talks about her book, Driving While Black: African American Travel and the Road to Civil Rights (Liveright, 2020), with Peoples & Things host, Lee Vinsel. Driving While Black examines how cars fit into black lives and sheds light on how this technology fits into much larger patterns of history, including the Civil Rights and Black Lives Matter movements. Sorin and Vinsel also talk about the field of public history and communicating to non-academic audiences. Lee Vinsel is an associate professor in the Department of Science, Technology and Society at Virginia Tech. He studies human life with technology, with particular focus on the relationship between government, business, and technological change. His first book, Moving Violations: Automobiles, Experts, and Regulations in the United States, was published by Johns Hopkins University Press in July 2019. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/american-south

Gretchen Sorin, Director and Distinguished Professor of the Cooperstown Graduate Program at the State University of New York - Oneonta, talks about her book, Driving While Black: African American Travel and the Road to Civil Rights (Liveright, 2020), with Peoples & Things host, Lee Vinsel. Driving While Black examines how cars fit into black lives and sheds light on how this technology fits into much larger patterns of history, including the Civil Rights and Black Lives Matter movements. Sorin and Vinsel also talk about the field of public history and communicating to non-academic audiences. Lee Vinsel is an associate professor in the Department of Science, Technology and Society at Virginia Tech. He studies human life with technology, with particular focus on the relationship between government, business, and technological change. His first book, Moving Violations: Automobiles, Experts, and Regulations in the United States, was published by Johns Hopkins University Press in July 2019. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

In this episode, Major Laura Quaco sits down with Colonel Ja Rai Williams and Lieutenant Colonel Velma Thompson to discuss integration in the Armed Services pursuant to Executive Order 9981, and research they conducted related to the history of Black/African Americans in the United States Regular Air Force Judge Advocate General's Corps. In the next couple episodes, you will be able to hear from two of the very trailblazers they discuss: Colonel (Retired) Susan McNeill and Chief Master Sergeant (Retired) David Haskins. ------------------------------------------------------------ Interested in learning more about the Air Force JAG Corps? Have questions about our programs or the application process? Please contact us at 1-800-JAG-USAF or af.jag.recruiting@us.af.mil. Don't forget to check out our website at airforce.com/jag.

It is crucial to prioritize men's health during June Men's Health Month to raise awareness about the unique health challenges that men face and promote a proactive approach to their well-being. I speak to Dr. Neva White, Director of the Jefferson Collaborative for Health Equity and Executive Director of the Frazier Family Coalition for Stroke Education and Prevention about the resources available for men at through the Jefferson Collaborative for Health Equity.www.FrazierFamilyCoalition.org iHeartMedia's WDAS FM, Power 99 and Rumba 106.1 held our 6th annual Sista Strut Breast Cancer Walk to raise awareness about the impact of breast cancer in women of color. The American Association for Cancer Research was a beneficiary of the event. I speak to Dr. Camille Ragin is Associate Director of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion and Professor in the Cancer Prevention and Control Program at Fox Chase Cancer Center – Temple Health System. Dr. Ragin is an Active member in the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), the current Chair of the AACR-Minorities in Cancer Research (MICR) Council, and the 2023 recipient of the AACR-Team Science Award. We discuss the challenges of health disparities as it relates to Breast Cancer in Black women.www.aacr.org More than 25,000 Black/African Americans are diagnosed with seizures or epilepsy each year. In fact, Black/African Americans are more likely to be diagnosed with epilepsy than White Americans. For many Black/African Americans, stigma and access to appropriate care are major concerns. I speak to Rachel Robinson, Epilepsy Advocate, Epilepsy Foundation of Eastern Pennsylvania, who dispels misconception about the disease and resources and support available to people living with Epilepsy. ChangeOurStory.org Social Media: @EpilepsyFdn

Welcome to the Aphasia Access Aphasia Conversations Podcast. I'm Ellen Bernstein-Ellis, Program Specialist and Director Emeritus for the Aphasia Treatment Program at Cal State East Bay and a member of the Aphasia Access Podcast Working Group. AA strives to provide members with information, inspiration, and ideas that support their aphasia care through a variety of educational materials and resources. I'm today's host for an episode that will feature Davetrina Seles Gadson. We'll discuss her work involving how brain lesion characteristics may intersect with aphasia recovery, race, and psychosocial factors, as well as issues involving health-related quality of life assessments. Dr. Davetrina Seles Gadson is the first Black-American to graduate with a Ph.D. in Communication Sciences and Disorders from the University of Georgia. She is a neuroscientist and certified speech-language pathologist with expertise in adult neurological rehabilitation and patient-centered outcomes. She currently is Research Faculty, in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, at Georgetown University. Dr. Gadson's research focuses on the influence of health disparities in minority stroke survivors with aphasia and the effect of such disparities on brain functioning, aphasia severity, and health-related quality of life. Most rewardingly Dr. Gadson is the co-host of “Brain Friends”, a podcast for neuro nerds and stroke survivors to talk about aphasia advocacy, language recovery, and community. Listener Take-aways In today's episode you will: Learn how health disparities may influence aphasia outcomes and why more research is needed   Discover why "Brain Friends" is another podcast you'll want to add to your playlist.   Gain practical tips on how to build confidence in intercultural interactions with your clients   Hear how health-related quality of life (HRQL) measures can help  inform your clinical practice   We'd like to recognize Kasey Trebilcock & Amanda Zalucki, students in the Strong Story Lab at CMU, for their assistance with this transcript. Show notes edited for conciseness Ellen Bernstein-Ellis (EBE) EBE: I am so excited to have a fellow podcaster here today. Thank you for being here. And I just listened to the January Brain Friend's episode. It was great. So I hope our listeners will check it out too. I want to also give a shout out to your consumer stakeholder and co-podcaster, Angie Cauthorn, because she was a featured guest on episode 70, in June of 2021, as we recognized Aphasia Awareness Month, and you just spoke with her about aphasia types and aphasia conferences, and you gave a big shout out to CAC and you gave clinical aphasiology conference and you also gave a big shout out to the Aphasia Access Leadership Summit. So really important conferences, I think that stimulate a lot of discussion and values around patient centered care. And your Brain Friends podcast just has a great backstory. So why don't we just share about how that all started? Where's the backstory to that, Davetrina? DAVETRINA SELES GADSON: Thank you so much for having me. This is such an exciting opportunity. So, Brain Friends started with myself and Angie. We were on the National Aphasia Association's Black Aphasia group call and I just loved her energy. She reached out to me after we finished that group call, and we just started talking. Our conversations were so informative, and it just lit this passion and excitement in me. I said, “Hey, can I record some of these, and maybe we do like a podcast?”, and she was totally down for it. It's just been such an innovative and fun way to disseminate science and engage many stakeholders. EBE: I want to thank Darlene Williamson, who's president of the National Aphasia Association for sending me a little more information. You told me about this group, and so I wanted to find out more. She provided this description by Michael Obel-Omia and his wife Carolyn, and I hope I said his name correctly, who provide leadership to this group. And they said that in this group, the Black American Aphasia Conversation group, “provides a place for Black people with aphasia to share their stories, provide support, meditation, and brainstorm ways to advocate and consider policies. We will discuss the unique challenges and gifts we share due to our experiences with disability and race.” I found out that you can reach out to the National Aphasia Association (NAA) for more information and to get on the email list for a meeting notifications. And in fact, I put the registration link in our show notes today. So, sounds like that group has been a meaningful discussion forum for you, too. SELES GADSON: It's been so fun. I share how for me, I've been in the field practicing for a little over 16 years now, and this was my first time being in a room with so many people that look like me. And for many of the survivors on the call, I was one of their first Black SLPs that they had ever met. Just even having that connection, and being able to speak to some of the challenges, and some of the things culturally that we both share has been my outlet, biweekly. EBE: I'm going to make sure we have that link in our show notes. Also, the link to your podcast because I encourage people to listen to Brain Friends, I've really enjoyed it.  When you and I were planning for this episode today, you talked about how being part of the National Aphasia Association's Black American Aphasia Group really helped to energize you and the research you were doing, and what a nice integration of life that was. I will want to tell our listeners about one more wonderful thing, and that's the interview you were part of on the ASHA Voices podcast as well as the related article in the ASHA leader, where I learned more about your journey to doing this research. So, as you provided clinical services for a Black client as an outpatient clinician, and this is pre- doctoral research, you recognized that there was a significant gap in the literature around working with African Americans with aphasia. You saw the need to understand the impact of aphasia on identity and motivation in order to best help this particular client. And those are both really important concepts within the Life-Participation Approach to Aphasia (LPAA) framework as well. So, then you shared that you got some important advice from an important mentor. Do you want to share what happened next? SELES GADSON: Definitely. So, one thing that's also unique about that time is that at that point in my career, I had worked in many of the clinical settings. I had done acute care, inpatient rehabilitation, skilled nursing facility, and even worked as a travel SLP traveling throughout the United States. And so, once I had got to that outpatient setting, it was different from any of the other settings because these individuals were home. And often times, they wanted to get back to work. I remember feeling a little discouraged because I wasn't finding research on a lot of functional treatment approaches or functional therapy. In addition, I wasn't finding research on black stroke survivors with aphasia. And so, I mentioned to one of my mentors at the time, Dr. Paul Rao. I said, “what's going on in the field? And I'm not seeing this, and I have this client, and I don't really know what to do.” And he said to me, “Stop complaining kiddo, and go back and get your PhD.” Admittedly, when he said it, it was kind of like, “okay fine, I'll go do it.” I don't think I realized all what it would take. That's what really made me pursue the degree was this notion that I could help facilitate some of that change and bring some of the research that I needed to see. EBE: That is so important. And that story really made me reflect on another story that has really impacted me from a dear colleague, because you experienced in your doctoral work some concerns about doing research on Black Americans because your interest was seen, as it said in I think the ASHA Voices interview or in the Leader, as “personally motivated.” Your story mirrors one that a colleague and dear friend, Nidhi Mahindra, told me as well. During her doctoral research, she was told that while pursuing multicultural interests were worthy, that she may face barriers to getting funding to pursue that line of work. That might be problematic, right? She had to struggle with that. Despite that daunting message, she persisted, and then was funded by ASHA on a grant studying barriers influencing minority clients' access to speech pathology and audiology. Nidhi reminded me how our life experiences can often inform our work in important and valuable ways. Davetrina, you've channeled your experiences into these explicit observations and data that you shared with your doctoral committee. That was a really important part of moving forward.  Do you want to share some of the points  gathered for that doctoral committee to help support why this research is so important? SELES GADSON: First, I want to thank Nidhi. Hopefully I'm pronouncing her name right, for her perseverance, because it was some of her work that helped me in my dissertation. Being able to cite her just really shows the importance that everybody plays in breaking barriers and pursuing the things that really speak to them. And one of the things that I'll clarify, it was two parts in pleading this case. The first part was that I changed the committee. I think that that was a supportive thing. And then, the second part was that when I prepared all of the research on why I needed to do this work. Some of the research looked at what we knew already with stroke recovery in minoritized groups, which was that Black African Americans were twice as likely to have a recurrent stroke than any other ethnic group and what we were seeing in the aphasia literature for Black Americans, which was the narrative of Black Americans having longer hospital stays, more hospital costs, but poor functional outcomes. And so, it was these two key pieces that I had really gathered. When I went back to the new committee to share and plead my case on why I really wanted to do this research, they had that initial onset of knowing that this research definitely needs to be done. I think that that's what helped it go through. EBE: Wow. I think those are really important reasons. That whole concept of allowing our life experiences to inform our work and to value that. As we start to talk about your research, and I'm really excited to get to share this amazing work you're doing, I thought it might be helpful to define some of the terms that are integral to this research Some of the definitions are a little tough to wrap your arms around because they're not consistent in the literature or are still waiting to develop. Let's start by discussing what you want the listeners to know about the definition for health-related quality of life, or, as we'll call it, HRQL. SELES GADSON: HRQL is operationally defined that it's multi-dimensional. The way I define it a lot in my work is the perception of the individual's ability to lead a fulfilling life in the presence of a chronic disease or disability such as aphasia, but really their perception in five domains. The five domains that I look at in my work are physical, mental, emotional, social communication, and then role, the individual's ability to get back into the activities that they used to be able to do. EBE: Okay, that's really helpful. I think we should also discuss or define patient-reported outcomes or PROs. Sometimes they are also referred to as PROM's, patient-reported outcome measurements. How do they relate to HRQLs? SELES GADSON: Patient-reported outcomes is a health outcome directly reported by the patient without interpretation. Patient-reported outcomes often look at the status of the health condition. The biggest thing about patient-reported outcomes is that it's without the interpretation of the practitioner. So, whatever the patient says is what we're going to take as gold. EBE: Why is it particularly important then to look at HRQOL for Black stroke survivors? SELES GADSON: That's such a great question. And so I want to break it down in two parts. I think the first part is that given the lack of normative data for Black stroke survivors, when we're only looking at clinician-reported outcomes, that's where we get to this bias and the normative bias. I know that there's research out where there are some outcomes to where we're already seeing this five-point difference. And for some research, that five-point difference is considered clinically meaningful. I think that if we're not using these patient-reported reported outcomes, then we put ourselves in a position to contribute to the disparities that we're seeing in standardized assessments. So that's the first answer. The second reason is that we know that nonclinical factors such as physician-race concordance drive up to 80% of what we're seeing in poor functional outcomes in minoritized groups. If we're not asking the person, then we're not able to really understand the things that they want to do, and we're already coming in with this majority type attitude which could influence one's participation in therapy. The last thing that I think is most important, whether you're Black, white, purple, whatever, is that we have these insurance demands that sometimes may not allow us to get to all the things that we may see from an impairment base. By using the patient-reported outcomes, we are helping structure therapy in ways that matter most to the patient. EBE: Well, that reminds me of this amazing quote that I was hoping I could work in today. I circled it in big yellow pen when I first read through your research. You said that it's really important because, due to the lower HRQL that we find in individuals with aphasia, it's “imperative that the development of a treatment plan incorporates what the patient prioritizes. And it's imperative that clinicians have a way to measure these subjective attributes to make a meaningful impact on care.” That's what we want to do. SELES GADSON: So important, because I think what we have to realize is that part of our role as the practitioners providing this skilled intervention, is really helping the individual get back to what they want to do. And I think that if we're not asking them what they want to do, then we're not really able to structure therapy in matters that mean the most to them, but also help them to start to recognize that as part of this identity with aphasia, that there's this new normal for them. Sometimes, individuals are going to rate themselves based off of what they used to be able to do. But if they know that one of their goals was to be able to talk on the phone, or to play bridge with their friends, and we worked on that in therapy, they're now able to look and see, before I scored my telephone confidence at a 50. Now I feel like I'm at a 90, and so sometimes that own self-recognition can support motivation, and can even support therapy, once insurance dollars run out. EBE: I really appreciated doing this deeper dive into PROs as I read through some of your research. And one of the resources I came across was a really interesting table that talked about six categories of PROs. And I'll put a link in the show notes to a 2015 book by Cella, Hahn, Jensen and colleagues called “Patient-Reported Outcomes and Performance Measurement.” (They list six different kinds of PROs in a helpful table.) But the main category that your work is utilizing is actually these HRQL measures. You've been stating why it's so important. HRQL PROs help to frame diagnostics and treatment because you're trying to prioritize what the patient wants and needs-- what they're expressing. SELES GADSON: Right, exactly. I think that one of the things that it's really important for practitioners to understand, is that these things are mandated by what we see in our scope of practice. When I say mandated, I mean we are called to reduce the cost of care by designing and implementing treatment that focuses on helping the individual. If we're not asking the individual what they want to get back to, then I think that we're putting ourself at a position that makes it more challenging to serve in that way. EBE: One of the things we like to do on this podcast is to provide resources that will help clinicians think differently or do something differently tomorrow as they meet face-to-face with their clients. And one of the things I thought we'd put in our show notes is a link to the PROMIS website, because that was something you've used in your research. Do you want to explain a little bit about that website? SELES GADSON: One of the things that I like about the PROMIS website is that it has a list of health outcomes available to use for a range of individuals-- for pediatrics, for adults. I like that it's free, most of them, and I think that it's a good place to start. Some of the outcomes on that website are also even appropriate for in acute care, meaning that they may not take a long time to administer. And so, I think that that's a good place to start. EBE: Well, thank you. And I want to move right into this wonderful paper where you are co-author with Wesley, van der Stelt, Lacey, DeMarco, Snider, & Turkeltaub, that looked at how brain lesion location interacts with HRQL. Can you share a couple key takeaways from that paper?  I hope you'll highlight the one related to depression and HRQL. We're having a lot of research right now around the emotional impact of aphasia and how that will impact recovery outcomes as well. So, tell us a little bit more about that work. SELES GADSON: We looked at the domains of health-related quality of life associated with specific deficits and lesion locations in chronic aphasia. We examined the relationship between HRQL using the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale by Hilari and her colleagues, as well as a depression scale, and different impairment-based measures---our battery that we used here. What we found was that language production and depression predicted communication HRQL, meaning that those individuals that reported lower communication HRQL also had a significant depression associated with it. We did lesion symptom mapping in this study. Basically, what we were looking at is to see if HRQL mapped on to discrete areas of the brain. We found that individuals that reported lower psychosocial HRQL had inferior frontal and anterior insula lesions; where individuals who reported lower physical HRQL had lesions in the basal ganglia. This confirmed for us that even though HRQL is this subjective perception, we were seeing it map on to these very specific areas in the brain that also predicted some of the impairment measures that we know of. EBE: That can get us to start thinking about if we have patients with these types of lesions, maybe to be more on the alert for depression. I think that's one point you made. But you also mentioned another important takeaway in the study about the impact of depression on HRQL related to the training of SLPs. This all ties together. What are your thoughts there? SELES GADSON: I think that when we are recognizing that individuals with aphasia are experiencing a new normal, and I think that the research has been very clear on understanding that depression does relate to and contribute to one's communication. I think that there is an opportunity for speech-language pathologists to have more counseling classes. And again, make sure that we're tapping into what the patient wants to do in order to hopefully help mitigate some of those feelings of depression. EBE: I really endorse building those counseling skills in our graduate programs for our students, so they go out feeling more confident and more skilled and knowing that that is going to be an ongoing journey as a speech-language pathologist to build that skill set. SELES GADSON: And shameless plug, I think our episode six of Brain Friends is a mental health episode. I have one of my good girlfriend colleagues there who is a counseling psychologist. She shares with us helping skills for the practitioner, and we share on that episode10 skills that you can do as a clinician to support the person with aphasia. EBE: Thank you for sharing that. That's really important. And again, the link to Brain Friends will be in our show notes. Let's take a moment and talk about how you connect this finding about depression to the role of social communication, because you said it was those scores that were down in your measure. SELES GADSON: With that particular study or overall? EBE: However you'd like to discuss it. I'm opening that door to you. SELES GADSON: One of the things that we were seeing is that individuals were reporting the depression within this Communication HRQL domain. So even though we didn't dive into it too deep in this study, it was more of the correlation and recognizing that individuals that were reporting this higher level of depression, also have this higher level, or this lower report of communication HRQL, making those links specifically. I do have something that I'm working on right now, that will completely answer that question a little bit more solidly. I don't want to speak too much on this, so stay tuned. EBE: Absolutely staying tuned, there's no question. You also had another article that I found intriguing-- An article with your coauthors, Wallace, Young, Vail, and Finn, a 2021 article that examined the relationship between HRQL, perceived social support, and social network size in Black Americans with aphasia. And that paper highlights that there's been little research exploring HRQL in Black Americans. Of the five factors that comprise HRQL, why did you decide to focus on social functioning? And specifically social support and social network in this study? SELES GADSON: Well, that really came from the literature. One of the things that the literature said is that we knew that social HRQL contributed in some way, but we weren't sure what way. And we weren't sure what pieces of social functioning contributed. My apologies to the researcher who said it, but it set me up perfect for my dissertation work to say, “this is why I'm looking at social functioning in these two specific pieces,” because we didn't know. Was it social participation? Was it social network? Was it social support? That was one of the reasons why I wanted to pull out those two specific pieces. The other thing that was really important about this work was that it was the first study that really looked at what HRQL looked like in Black stroke survivors. We didn't know any of that. And so for me, it was really important to compare Black stroke survivors to normal aging Black individuals because I feel that for us to really get baseline understanding of what some of these factors are and how individuals respond in recovery, we have to compare them to their norm, or to other members in their community that look like them before comparing between Black and white or any other ethnic groups. This study is where we found that in terms of HRQL, the main difference between stroke survivors with and without aphasia and in our normal aging individuals, was that communication was the impairment. And then, with the social network and social support, we weren't seeing a difference between this homogenous group of Black people in those areas. EBE: That takes me to my next question, your research noted that the Black survivors with and without aphasia, have smaller social networks compared to white stroke survivors. That's the data that we have based on that social network data. Even though you weren't trying to compare in this study, per se, you still made sense of that finding-- trying to make sure that we don't make assumptions, and instead look at different factors that could be at play. How did you make sense of that finding, the smaller network? SELES GADSON: It was two things that allowed us to make sense of that finding. One was recognizing that in both groups, the stroke survivors with aphasia and our normal aging individuals, that because they were age matched, it could have been a factor of age--meaning that the individuals receiving the support quality and then their network, everyone was kind of in the same age group, and so, it was more of a factor of time of life versus actual culture. But then a lot of that came through in some of the anecdotal reports, and things that we even circled on the scale that we used--we use the Lubben Social Network Scale. With some of those questions, one might be how many people do you feel comfortable sharing personal details with? And often times, we got this report of “just my husband”, or “only God”. And so, we were seeing that some of this really related to the traditional and cultural values in Black Americans, where you're not going to share a lot of stuff with a lot of people. You have your set group, your small network. And that's okay. That doesn't mean that you're isolated.  EBE: I think another point you make, and maybe even thinking back to the ASHA Voices Podcast, why it's particularly important to target social communication. That is yet another life participation core concept. Do you want to speak to that for a moment? SELES GADSON: I think the thing that we have to realize with social communication is that individuals, especially within the black community, they are social, they want to talk, they want to get back to doing and interacting with their community. And so, one of the things that that looks like is maybe being able to participate again in Bible study or being able to stand up and read a scripture. And the only way that you know that, is by asking them that on a patient-reported outcome. I think that that's where that social communication piece is coming in. One of the things that I'm seeing with the Black aphasia group is that moment, that hour, where everyone is together, it's amazing. It's them using social communication. You spoke about how I said that that energized my research, and that was why--because I was on this call, and they were speaking about these things, that sometimes I feel like I have to explain to the powers that be why social communication or the LPAA approach is important. But here I was talking with all of these survivors, and they were telling me, I want to be able to communicate, I want to be able to do these things. It just really confirmed for me that this type of research, we were on the right path. EBE: Right. And this is my chance for a “shameless plug” because of my life work, and that is just the power of groups. The power of groups is amazing. SELES GADSON: You know, your life work and... EBE: Well, we don't want to go there, this episode is about you. SELES GADSON: Okay. I'm telling you; I'll get into just how influential your work has been, even when I was working as a practitioner and doing group therapy, it was your work and your research that I was going to. EBE: Well, I had the honor of getting to work with Dr. Roberta Elman, and starting the Aphasia Center of California and doing that initial research, that has been such a gift to me, so, but thank you, back to your work now. That's a great transition, because I'm going to bring us to your 2022 study, looking at how aphasia severity is modulated by race and lesion size in chronic survivors. That was an amazing study. I'm going to read another quote here from that study. And that is, “understanding the origin of disparities in aphasia outcomes is critical to any efforts to promote health equity among stroke survivors with aphasia.” You said this work led you to an “Aha!” moment. And I'd love for you to share more about that moment, and about this study. SELES GADSON: Yes, this was one of my babies, I would say it was definitely a labor of love. And it's been well received. One of the things that led us to this study was that we were already aware of what the research was saying, in regards to the narrative of Black stroke survivors having these lower scores, they were having poor functional outcomes, longer hospital stays. I really wanted to understand what components neurologically, were playing into that. The research has shown that Black Americans often may have a larger stroke due to a myriad of factors-- delayed hospital arrival, not being able to receive TPA. But I wanted to know what factors neurologically were contributing to what we were seeing, not only in this baseline difference that we were seeing, but what was the bigger picture essentially. What we found was that when we looked at race and lesion size, when we did an interaction of race and lesion size, that Black and white survivors with small lesions performed similarly. But larger strokes resulted in more severe aphasia for Black people, than white people. And that was something that we didn't quite understand, because if you think about it, the larger the lesion, the poorer your aphasia should be. But in this case, the larger the lesion, the white stroke survivors were performing better and so we offered two reasons for that. One was the potential assessment bias-- that maybe with the larger stroke, there was this code-switching element that the Black stroke survivors just weren't able to do. And we were seeing that in the larger strokes, and it wasn't being picked up in the smaller strokes. Then the other was the disparity that I had mentioned earlier, which is that access to rehabilitation. It might have been more evident-- we were seeing some of those disparities in the larger strokes. We know that individuals that come from higher earning SES groups have greater access to rehabilitation services like speech and language. That was our other reason, that we were wondering if that's why we were seeing that outcome. EBE: This reminds me some of the research that Dr. Charles Ellis has been doing. I attended his keynote speech at the IARC conference in 2022 that talked about understanding what is happening upstream, because it's going to impact what's happening downstream. In terms of health disparities, it's going to have an impact. I think your research supports that. We need to learn more about it and do the research you're doing. As you reflect on your findings across these amazing studies, this research that you've been doing, can you offer to our listeners some tips on how to have more confidence with intercultural contact? SELES GADSON: That's a great question. I think the first thing that that you have to do is put yourself in places where you are connecting with people that don't look like you. EBE: I agree. And that can be hard and challenging to do. SELES GADSON: It can be, but one of the things that I say is that it goes back to some of the things that Dr. Ellis has talked about, which is being intentional. That might mean going to a different side of the neighborhood to support a Black owned business, and being within that space, to feel how it feels to be around different cultures. The other thing that I think is really important, and it comes out of literature that looks at reducing racial bias in health care, which is to avoid stereotype suppression. So oftentimes, people may be thinking something and they don't want to share it, or they try to suppress it. And the reason why that's negative is because stereotype is a cognitive organization strategy that we use. And where it becomes negative is that if you're having these stereotype ideas, or you're just not sure, if you're not able to express them within a space that you feel comfortable with, then you suppress them. And then it kind of comes out in therapy. And so, I think that those are two huge things. And then the last thing that I would say is that it's really important to build partnerships. And so, building partnerships, either with local churches, within the university area, or just seeing how you can serve in order to help create some of that confidence. But you have to put yourself out there and not wait until therapy day. EBE: Wow, thank you for those tips. And one of them reminded me of something, a tip that a local educator suggested that, even if you don't feel like you're in an environment where your everyday social context might put you with people who look different from you, that you can still listen to other voices by listening to podcasts, sign up for podcasts, sign up for Twitter feeds of people with different voices, so you can start being present to that conversation. So that was something that I have found useful and really good advice as well. SELES GADSON: So true. The other thing that I did, even someone who identifies as a Black American when I was doing my dissertation work, and previously before some other things in my career, I noticed that perspective taking was a huge piece--putting myself or imagining myself in the individual's shoes. And so, for me, that meant that I went to Black museums and exposed myself to different cultural experiences. I wasn't going into some of these spaces, whether it was collecting data or even working with individuals from other earning communities, with some type of privilege. So even in that sense, I wanted to make sure that I checked my privilege as well by doing that perspective taking. EBE: Thank you,. And this discussion could keep going, but I know our time is getting tight here. This whole effort that you put in your research of looking at HRQL measures reminds me of some of the work that I've really admired by Hilari and you had a wonderful story you could share about her, your interaction and your use of her work. Would you like to share that quickly? SELES GADSON: Oh, she's so awesome. I was sharing how when I first was diving into this literature, her work was one of the pieces that I found, the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale. I reached out to her and she shared this scale. And a couple of years later, I attended the International Aphasia Rehabilitation Conference in London. And she sat down with me. I asked her if she had any time, if we could just talk, and she was so welcoming. We sat down, and she might not even remember this, but even in that moment of us being able to talk about these things that we were both so passionate about, she just really spoke to me and encouraged me. And it's so funny, because now as I publish and do different things, my mom always says, “you gonna be just like Dr. Hilari.” EBE: Let's just do a shout out for mentorship, for people who take the time, and feel committed and passionate. Again, we're using that word again today, passionate, to support the new voices that are coming into the field. So that's the gift of mentorship. And in this whole discussion, you and I also talked about how important it is to be inclusive, and we talked about how HRQL measures sometimes are harder to use with people with severe aphasia and how they can get excluded from research. It's hard enough to get people with aphasia into the research, right? There's work by Shiggins and her colleagues looking at how often people with aphasia are excluded. But you made a good point about ways that we can include people with more severe aphasia. Do you want to mention that? SELES GADSON: I think one of the things that we have at our fingertips, and we know just from our training, is to use different visual cues to support those individuals that might have more severe aphasia. One of the things that we highlighted in the 2020 paper looking at the psychometric properties of quality of these patient reported outcomes, was that there are certain assessments that are perfect for individuals with severe aphasia, assessments like the Assessment for Living with Aphasia (ALA), because it has the pictures available and it has simple language. Just recognizing that even by using some of these compensation tools, whether it's pictures or modifying the language, we can still get the individual's perspective of what they want in therapy just by using some of these modifications. EBE: This reminds me, I can put one more link and resource into the show notes, because the Center for Research Excellence in Aphasia offers this wonderful speaker series. And there was just an excellent recent session by Dr. Shiggins on including people with aphasia in research. So, I'll put that link in. I want everybody to listen to that presentation. And finally, as our closing question for today, Davetrina, if you had to pick only one thing we need to achieve urgently as a community of providers, of professionals, what would that one thing be? SELES GADSON: I think we have to start using patient-reported outcomes. I think that if you were doing a clinician-reported outcome to assess the impairment, paired with that has to be some level of patient-reported outcome that will give you insight into what the patient wants to do. It's no longer optional. I think that we have to make it a paired thing with our clinician-reported outcome, is getting the perspective of the patient. EBE: I so agree with you, thank you. Thank you for this wonderful interview today. I really, really appreciate it. SELES GADSON: Thank you. EBE: And I want to thank our listeners for listening today. For references and resources mentioned in today's show, please see our show notes. They're available on our website, www.aphasiaaccess.org. And there, you can also become a member of this organization. Browse our growing library of materials and find out about the Aphasia Access Academy. If you have an idea for a future podcast episode, email us at info@aphasiaaccess.org. For Aphasia Access Conversations, I'm Ellen Bernstein Ellis and thank you again for your ongoing support of aphasia access. References and Resources Brain Friends Podcast: https://www.aphasia.org/stories/brain-friends-a-podcast-for-people-with-aphasia/ https://www.facebook.com/groups/1563389920801117 https://open.spotify.com/show/5xgkrhUhEIzJgxpRXzNpBH   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) HRQL website: https://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/concept.htm     National Aphasia Association  Black American Conversation group registration: The Black American Aphasia Conversation Group meets through Zoom every other Monday at 4:00pm EST (1:00pm PST) . If you are interested in joining this group, please complete the form https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfJN9VWjrujhebT8Z48bqDZePOHYotipFC34S8T0X8_o8rG-g/viewform Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) https://www.promishealth.org/57461-2/   Cella, D., Hahn, E. A., Jensen, S. E., Butt, Z., Nowinski, C. J., Rothrock, N., & Lohr, K. N. (2015). Patient-reported outcomes in performance measurement. . Research Triangle Park (NC): RTI Press; 2015 Sep. Publication No.: RTI-BK-0014-1509ISBN-13: 978-1-934831-14-4  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK424378/   Gadson, D. S., Wallace, G., Young, H. N., Vail, C., & Finn, P. (2022). The relationship between health-related quality of life, perceived social support, and social network size in African Americans with aphasia: a cross-sectional study. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 29(3), 230-239.   Gadson, D. S. (2020). Health-related quality of life, social support, and social networks in African-American stroke survivors with and without aphasia. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 29(5), 104728.   Gadson, D. S. (2020). Health-related quality of life, social support, and social networks in African-American stroke survivors with and without aphasia. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 29(5), 104728.   Gadson, D. S., Wesley, D. B., van der Stelt, C. M., Lacey, E., DeMarco, A. T., Snider, S. F., & Turkeltaub, P. E. (2022). Aphasia severity is modulated by race and lesion size in chronic survivors: A retrospective study. Journal of Communication Disorders, 100, 106270   Gray, J. D. (2022). Transcript: ASHA Voices: Confronting Health Care Disparities. Leader Live. https://leader.pubs.asha.org/do/10.1044/2021-0902-transcript-disparities-panel-2022   Law, B. M. (2021). SLP Pioneers Research on Aphasia Rehab for African Americans. Leader Live https://leader.pubs.asha.org/do/10.1044/leader.FTR4.26092021.58   Lubben, J., Gironda, M., & Lee, A. (2002). Refinements to the Lubben social network scale: The LSNS-R. The Behavioral Measurement Letter, 7(2), 2-11.   Shiggins, C., Ryan, B., O'Halloran, R., Power, E., Bernhardt, J., Lindley, R. I., ... & Rose, M. L. (2022). Towards the consistent inclusion of people with aphasia in stroke research irrespective of discipline. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 103(11), 2256-2263.   Shiggins, C.  (2023) The road less travelled: Charting a path towards the consistent inclusion of people with aphasia in stroke research.  Aphasia CRE Seminar Series  #36 (Video) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sqVfn4XMHho

On this week's Tech Nation, Dr. Patrice Matchaba, the President of the Novartis US Foundation. He talks about how the limits of medical technology itself have excluded Black/African Americans and Persons of Color … and sometimes *all* women. Then University of Chicago professor Dr Neil Shubin talks about “Some Assembly required … Decoding Four Billion Years of Life, from Ancient Fossils to DNA.” Ancient viruses in our DNA? And what about “jumping genes”?

#TheMelaninReset #TheLostCause #AmericanBlackAfricans In this episode of @The Melanin Reset , Valarie Winn gives insight to the following questions:(1) Have you ever wondered if America was truly built on white supremacy? Do you every wonder why Black African Americans say that there are two Americas?(2) Have you ever heard of the Lost Cause of the Confederacy? (3) Have you ever heard of the Daughters of the Confederacy? (4) Have you ever questioned what America teaches its children and who influenced the curriculum?(5) Have you noticed that at least 1/3 of the American people believe that the Civil War wasn't just about slavery or slavery at all? (6) Have you connected the dots that 1/3 of the American people believe that the insurrection on January 6th was justified? (7)Have you ever why Black African Americans were and still to this day terrorized by and discriminated against by Whites and this country refuses to hold itself accountable for it? If we truly want to understand the state of race in America, we need to know and understand the parts of American History that coerced ideologies that perpetuated false narratives of Black/African Americans. This is not an alternative to American History, but it is American History that is inclusive of formerly enslaved American Black Africans (Black/African Americans), their descendants, and other non-white Americans.

Description: What is the significance of Juneteenth becoming a national holiday? How should we celebrate Juneteenth? What are the links between faith and freedom? Listen in to pastor, content creator, and scholar Rasool Berry share the important historical and spiritual contexts of Juneteenth, where on June 19, 1865, the Emancipation Proclamation was enforced in Galveston, Texas freeing Black African Americans who were enslaved. This Jubilee Day carried weighty implications for faith and society then and continues to today. Dr. Will Gravely hosts this incredible conversation for the Be the Bridge community that you do not want to miss. Quotes: “Juneteenth is an intrinsic opportunity to build bridges between the past and the present.” -Rasool Berry “Juneteenth offers us an opportunity to think about both the resistance to that resetting of the relationship but also the ongoing need for us to renew our minds about how we see each other as coequals, and that legacy of that story of white supremacy has still continued throughout time in 157 years since.” -Rasool Berry “This institution of slavery had implications across every area of life. It wasn't just socially, it was psychologically, even theologically. And so, the Union soldiers did not come to inform, they came to enforce.” -Dr. Will Gravely Host & Executive Producer - Latasha Morrison Senior Producer - Lauren C. Brown Producer, Editor, & Music - Travon Potts Transcriber - Sarah Connatser Links: Become a Recurring Partner of Be the Bridge: BeTheBridge.com/Give Shop the Be the Bridge Store: Shop.BeTheBridge.com Rasool Berry: rasoolberry.com/ facebook.com/rasool.berry twitter.com/rasoolberry Where Ya From? Podcast Dr. Will Gravely: instagram.com/dr.willgravely/Be the Bridge: BeTheBridge.com facebook.com/beabridgebuilder/ instagram.com/bethebridge/ twitter.com/BAbridgebuilder youtube.com/channel/UCMLWkgwF53UExW_8SWEoI7gLatasha Morrison: latashamorrison.com/ facebook.com/LatashaMMorrison instagram.com/latashamorrison/ twitter.com/LatashaMorrison Not all views expressed in this interview reflect the values and beliefs of Latasha Morrison or the Be the Bridge organization. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Today we have the dedicated and incomparable Mark Grant. Mark is an advocate for African American people and defends the rights of African Americans as well. He is a graduate of Virginia State University and a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Incorporated. Join us as we discuss the current conditions of Black African Americans and how we are becoming aware of the need for compensatory justice.

In this week's episode, Valarie Winn continues the discussion of being Black in America. She reflects on the SCOTUS Confirmation Hearings of the Honorable Ketanji Brown Jackson and the vicious attacks from certain Republican U.S. Senators despite her impeccable judicial record. After bearing witness to the confirmation hearings, Valarie Winn asks the question: Is the "Twice As Good" theory instilled by Black/African Americans at their youth, a myth or reality? Let's get into it!!

America had its own versions of the Berlin Wall, in fact there are twenty-six existing, demolished or planned segregation walls, fences, road barricades/closures, and buffer strips in Alabama, California, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Tennessee, and Virginia built between white and Black/African American neighborhoods as late as the 1970's. Known as segregation walls, these barricades were erected by cities, neighborhood developers, and the like with the express purpose of keeping Black/African Americans out of exclusively white home sites. Join Dr. Carol François and Kourtney Square, her niece, as they reprise a virtual driving tour of America's segregation walls. Want more, take our course Systemic Racism: See it, Say it, Confront it at www.whyaretheysoangry.com and find us anywhere at www.podpage.com.whyaretheysoangry Citations A Nation of Walls — Design Trust for Public Space A Nation of Walls A storm destroyed part of the 'segregation wall' in Arlington, Virginia Atlanta's "Berlin Wall" Chicago's Wall: Race, Segregation and the Chicago Housing Authority Detroit segregation wall still stands, a stark reminder of racial divisions nbcnews.com Detroiturbex.com - The 8 Mile Wall Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism, Loewen, James, Touchstone, 2006 Members Only: Gated Communities and Residential Segregation in the Metropolitan United States Perspective | Not far from the White House stands another wall, one that divided blacks from whites PEYTON, HARLAN AND WILLIS Proposed Community Stabilization Plan StoryMap illuminates impacts of Miami's historic racial segregation The Untold History of Liberty City's Segregation Walls Walls are the foundation of civilization. But do they work? --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

For decades, land theft and underhanded legal maneuverings have been used to swindled Black/African Americans out of valuable beachfront property. Join Dr. Carol François and Kourtney Square, her niece, as they tell the story of Bruce's Beach and peel back the systemic racism underlying pernicious land appropriation schemes that have contributed to the Black/African American wealth gap. Want more, take our course Systemic Racism: See it, Say it, Confront it at www.whyaretheysoangry.com. Look for all episodes and social media at www.podpage.com.whyaretheysoangry Citations Bruce's Beach https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%27s_Beach Historically black beach enclaves are fighting to save their history and identity,” Troy McMullen, The Washington Post, July 27, 2017, “How to close heirs property loopholes,” Lizzie Presser, Pro Publica, July 15, 2019. “Land taken from blacks through trickery, violence, and murder Todd Lewan and Dolores Barclay,” The Associated Press, Published 10:00 pm PST, Saturday, December 1, 2001 https://www.seattlepi.com/national/article/Land-taken-from-blacks-through-trickery-violence-1073410.php “The heart of Sapelo,” Chris Dixon, Garden & Gun, June/July 2015. https://gardenandgun.com/feature/the-heart-of-sapelo/ The Land Was Ours: How Black Beaches Became White Wealth in the Coastal South, by Andrew W. Kahrl. When They Steal Your Land They Steal your Future https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-dec-02-mn-10514-story.html --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

The western is back, and Netflix is riding high on its version The Harder They Fall. Join Dr. Carol François and her niece, Kourtney Square as they reprise their ride into the West sharing how Black/African Americans contributed to the country's westward expansion. You'll hear about Bass Reeves, who makes an appearance in the film, as well as exploits of pioneers and settlers you've probably never heard of before. Citations “Lawman legend Bass Reeves: the invincible man-hunter,” https://www.historynet.com/lawman-legend-bass-reeves-invincible-man-hunter.htm The Bone and Sinew of the Land: America's Forgotten Black Pioneers and the Struggle for Equality, by Anna-Lisa Cox. The Black West: A Documentary and Pictorial History of the African American Role in the Westward Expansion of the United States, by William Loren Katz. “The life and times of deputy U.S. marshall Bass Reeves,” https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/33537/life-and-times-deputy-us-marshal-bass-reeves#:~:text=Over%20his%2032%2Dyear%20career,and%20was%20never%20shot%20himself. “Was the real Lone Ranger a black man?,” https://www.history.com/news/bass-reeves-real-lone-ranger-a-black-man --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

Sunsets can be a beautiful sight and time of day, but from 1890 and even to the present, a sunset could mean violence and even death for Black/African Americans. Join Dr. Carol François and Kourtney Square, her niece as they tell the sordid history of sundown towns---all-white communities, neighborhoods, counties, and even states that exclude Blacks and other minorities through the use of discriminatory laws, harassment, and threats or violence. Want more, take our course Systemic Racism: See it, Say it, Confront it at www.whyaretheysoangry.com and find us anywhere at www.podpage.com.whyaretheysoangry Citations AP Road Trip: Racial tensions in America's 'sundown towns' Loewen, James W. Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism, The New Press, New York, 2018. Loveland, Colorado Splinters Over Racist Sundown Town Past And Increasingly Diverse Future Sundown Towns Sundown Towns Are Still A Problem For Black Drivers Sundown Towns by State - History and Social Justice Sundown Towns in the News, Arts, etc. - History and Social Justice 'Sundown towns': Midwest confronts its complicated racial legacy The Brutal Slaying of Carol Jenkins | by Katherine M. The Great Banishment of 1923 Think Sundown Towns Are a Thing of the Past? Think Again | by Morgan Jerkins | GEN What Sundown Towns Represent For Black Drivers Today Who Killed Carol Jenkins? --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

The phrase “Black/African American beaches” is not an oxymoron. For years, Black/African Americans have flocked to beaches and resorts built exclusively for them where they escaped the scourge of systemic racism and racial ostracism. Join Dr. Carol François and Kourtney Square as they take a deep dive into beaches past and present where Black/African Americans enjoy leisure and intellectual pursuits by the sea. Want more, take our course Systemic Racism: See it, Say it, Confront it at www.whyaretheysoangry.com and find us anywhere at www.podpage.com.whyaretheysoangry Citations BLACK HISTORY: The history of Freeman Beach California moves to return Bruce's Beach seized from Black couple Chicken Bone Beach, Atlantic City, New Jersey (1900- ) History — The Inn at Shearer Cottage Idlewild: Michigan's “Black Eden" Remembering Carr's Beach: The Most Popular African American Beach and Music Venue on the Chesapeake Bay “Six historically black beaches to visit this summer,” Angela Dennis, February, 28, 2019. https://medium.com/@AngelaDennisWrites/six-historically-black-beaches-to-visit-this-summer-46045aa3e348 The Inkwell, Martha's Vineyard (1890s-) The Inkwell, Santa Monica, California (1905-1964) --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

Although the lyrics of a famous folk song proclaim, “This land is your land, this land is my land; this land was made for you and me,” America's great outdoors hasn't always beckoned or been friendly to Black/African Americans. Join Dr. Carol François and Kourtney Square, her niece, on an excursion to public and national parks to learn why these spaces weren't originally intended for everyone's enjoyment. Want more, take our course Systemic Racism: See it, Say it, Confront it at www.whyaretheysoangry.com and find us anywhere at www.podpage.com.whyaretheysoangry Citations 'Black man in a white space': America's racist parks - New York Daily News A Legacy of Racism in America's Parks America's national parks face existential crisis over race Finney, Carolyn, Black Faces, White Spaces: Reimagining the Relationship of African Americans to the Great Outdoors,The University of North Carolina Press Chapel Hill, 2014. How can the National Park Services work to be anti-racist? It's time to own up to the racism and violence embedded in the names of parks and public lands Moving Forward Initiative: The African American Experience in the Civilian Conservation Corps – The Corps Network Outdoor Afro – Where Black People & Nature Meet The Geography of Recreational Open Space: Influence of Neighborhood Racial Composition and Neighborhood Poverty “The White Space” Why America's National Parks Are So White --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

What could be more fun than an outing at an amusement park or skating rink, a swim in a neighborhood pool or at the beach, a cookout at a beautiful city or National Park? Join Dr. Carol François and Kourtney Square, her niece, as they take you on a roller coaster ride through the systemic racism of America's leisure and recreation spaces to learn how it wasn't all fun and games as Black/African Americans fought to desegregate the country's leisure activities. Want more, take our course Systemic Racism: See it, Say it, Confront it at www.whyaretheysoangry.com and find us anywhere at www.podpage.com.whyaretheysoangry Citations A Legacy of Racism in America's Parks “A Summer of Change: The Civil Rights Story of Glen Echo Park,” U.S. National Park Service website. https://www.nps.gov/glec/learn/historyculture/summer-of-change.htm?fbclid=IwAR1ZDZ3LF0uyItC63xPQMem_EQZ0bWf7TEcN_1l86NyH77ZtYBZhCJCh4Rw And the Beat Goes On Black Voices: With a rise in roller skating popularity, society must recognize its roots in Black history Civil Rights Protesters Recount The Little-Told Story Of The Fight To Desegregate Glen Echo Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) How Black Roller Skaters Made The Rink A Place For Grownups McGhee, Heather. The Sum of Us: What Recism Costs Everyone and How We Can Prosper Together, oneworldlit.com, 2021. Morris, Jill. Disney's Influence on the Modern Theme Park and the Codification of Colorblind Racism in the American Amusement Industry, 2019 “Not Even a Trip to the Amusement Park Has Been Easy for African-Americans,” Victoria W. Wolcott, History News Network, May 25, 2018. https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/169128?fbclid=IwAR1_Uo7rRB_7kCk82h6cD53uw7PLH_kRecfJM9whCqeFLvxbCA8S0xvSfFI Racial Politics at Disney Remembering the Summer of 1960 at Glen Echo | Boundary Stones: WETA's Washington DC History Blog Wolcott, Victoria W., Race, Riots, and Roller Coasters: The Struggle over Segregated Recreation in America --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

America has its own versions of the Berlin Wall, in fact there are twenty-six existing, demolished, or planned segregation walls, fences, road barricades/closures, and buffer strips in Alabama, California, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Tennessee, and Virginia built between white and Black/African American neighborhoods as late as the 1970's. Known as segregation walls, these barricades were erected by cities, neighborhood developers, and the homeowners associations with the express purpose of keeping Black/African Americans out of exclusively white home sites. Join Dr. Carol François and Kourtney Square, her niece, as they take you on a virtual driving tour of America's segregation walls. Want more, take our course Systemic Racism: See it, Say it, Confront it at www.whyaretheysoangry.com and find us anywhere at www.podpage.com.whyaretheysoangry Citations A Nation of Walls — Design Trust for Public Space A Nation of Walls A storm destroyed part of the 'segregation wall' in Arlington, Virginia Atlanta's "Berlin Wall" Chicago's Wall: Race, Segregation and the Chicago Housing Authority Detroit segregation wall still stands, a stark reminder of racial divisions nbcnews.com Detroiturbex.com - The 8 Mile Wall Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism, Loewen, James, Touchstone, 2006 Members Only: Gated Communities and Residential Segregation in the Metropolitan United States Perspective | Not far from the White House stands another wall, one that divided blacks from whites PEYTON, HARLAN AND WILLIS Proposed Community Stabilization Plan StoryMap illuminates impacts of Miami's historic racial segregation The Untold History of Liberty City's Segregation Walls Walls are the foundation of civilization. But do they work? --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

Most BlackAfrican Americans are familiar with the statement, “people died for your right to vote,” yet they don't really know how true the words are. This year's rapt attention on the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre has awakened America to its sordid past, but there are hundreds of well-documented massacres of Black/African Americans throughout this nation's history. In this fourth and final part in their series Massacres Denied, Dr. Carol François and Kourtney Square, her niece, relate stories of massacres committed because people simply tried to exercise their right to vote. Want more, take our course Systemic Racism: See it, Say it, Confront it at www.whyaretheysoangry.com and find us anywhere at www.podpage.com.whyaretheysoangry Citations “A Very Abbreviated History of the Destruction of Black Neighborhoods,” Gabrielle Bruney, Esquire, May 30, 2020, https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a32719786/george-floyd-protests-riots-black-comminity-destruction-history/?fbclid=IwAR07n6A4UKPIlh-K2MTkNr1pB6blIe3aMNBwt0uew_MDrVRV2bLVHyMt-ss “Burned from the land: How 60 years of racial violence shaped America,” Channon Hodge, Breeanna Hare, Tami Luhby, Elias Goodstein, Priya Krishnakumar, Nadia Lancy, Toby Lyles, Amy Roberts and Clint Alwahab, CNN, May 30, 2021. Camilla, GA: Political Rally and Massacre — BLACK and Education Civil Unrest in Camilla, Georgia, 1868, Letters, Affidavits, Reports., Proceedings, Newspaper Clippings, http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/camilla/toc.php Fourteen states have enacted 22 new laws making it harder to vote Texas Senate Passes One of the Nation's Strictest Voting Bills Voting Laws Roundup: May 2021 --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

Violence against workers seeking better pay, working conditions, or the right to unionize is well-documented throughout American history. What isn't documented as well, are the many instances when Black/African Americans were massacred simply for attempting to unionize for fair working conditions and wages. This year's rapt attention on the Tulsa Race Massacre in 1921 has awakened America to its sordid past, but there are hundreds of largely unknown instances of Black/African Americans being massacred, murdered, terrorized, and stripped of their property through racially motivated labor violence. Listen as Dr. Carol Francois and Kourtney Square tell those stories. Want more, take our course Systemic Racism: See it, Say it, Confront it www.whyaretheysoangry.com and find us anywhere at www.podpage.com.whyaretheysoangry Citations “A Very Abbreviated History of the Destruction of Black Neighborhoods,” Gabrielle Bruney, Esquire, May 30, 2020, https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a32719786/george-floyd-protests-riots-black-comminity-destruction-history/?fbclid=IwAR07n6A4UKPIlh-K2MTkNr1pB6blIe3aMNBwt0uew_MDrVRV2bLVHyMt-ss “Burned from the land: How 60 years of racial violence shaped America,” Channon Hodge, Breeanna Hare, Tami Luhby, Elias Goodstein, Priya Krishnakumar, Nadia Lancy, Toby Lyles, Amy Roberts and Clint Alwahab, CNN, May 30, 2021. Civil Rights Heritage Trail Induction Ceremony to Honor Elaine 12 - News Massacres in US History | Zinn Education Project Definition of Sharecropping Elaine Massacre of 1919 ELAINE, ARKANSAS RIOT (1919), WESTON W. COOPER, SEPTEMBER 30, 2018, https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/elaine-arkansas-riot-1919/ Racial violence in America: 60 years of whitewashing Sept. 30, 1919: Elaine Massacre --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

Believe it or not, the Tulsa Race Massacre only scratches the surface. Join Dr. Carol François and her niece Kourtney Square for Massacres Denied Part II: Cicero Siege to hear about the ongoing resistance to Black/African Americans buying homes and living in what were considered white enclave neighborhoods. Their four-part special series Massacres Denied exposes how Black/African Americans have been targets of domestic terrorism, racial purging, massacres, land theft, and exile intended to deny them equal housing, fair employment, and general protection to live, work, and thrive in America. This history, though, has gone unrecorded, untaught, and purposely purged from most history books. Want more, take our course Systemic Racism: See it, Say it, Confront it at www.whyaretheysoangry.com and find us anywhere at www.podpage.com.whyaretheysoangry Citations A New Documentary Explores Impact Of Go-Go Music On Gentrification Protests In D.C. “A Very Abbreviated History of the Destruction of Black Neighborhoods,” Gabrielle Bruney, Esquire, May 30, 2020, https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a32719786/george-floyd-protests-riots-black-comminity-destruction-history/?fbclid=IwAR07n6A4UKPIlh-K2MTkNr1pB6blIe3aMNBwt0uew_MDrVRV2bLVHyMt-ss “Burned from the land: How 60 years of racial violence shaped America,” Channon Hodge, Breeanna Hare, Tami Luhby, Elias Goodstein, Priya Krishnakumar, Nadia Lancy, Toby Lyles, Amy Roberts and Clint Alwahab, CNN, May 30, 2021. Crimes without Punishment: White Neighbors' Resistance to Black Entry Cicero Race Riots happen Feb. 28, 1942 | White Mobs Riot Against Racial Integration in Detroit “Get Out”: Black Families Harassed in Their Own Homes July 11, 1951: Cicero Riot Over Housing Desegregation | Zinn Education Project Massacres in US History | Zinn Education Project Meyer, Stephen Grans, As Long as they Don't Move Next Door: Segregation and Racial Conflict in American Neighborhoods, Rowman & Littlefield, 2000. The Controversial History of Levittown, America's First Suburb 'They Don't Understand': Howard Neighbors Search For Solutions After Dog-Walking Uproar --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

This year's rapt attention on the Tulsa Race Massacre in 1921 has awakened America to its sordid past, but since 1863 up until the present, there are hundreds of well-documented instances of Black/African Americans being murdered, terrorized, and stripped of their property. That history, though, has gone unrecorded, untaught, and purposely purged from most history books. Join Dr. Carol François and Kourtney Square, her niece, as they expose the racial purging, massacres, land theft, and exile of Black/African Americans that has rarely been discussed or redressed. Want more, take our course Systemic Racism: See it, Say it, Confront it at www.whyaretheysoangry.com and find us anywhere at www.podpage.com.whyaretheysoangry Citations “A Very Abbreviated History of the Destruction of Black Neighborhoods,” Gabrielle Bruney, Esquire, May 30, 2020, https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a32719786/george-floyd-protests-riots-black-comminity-destruction-history/?fbclid=IwAR07n6A4UKPIlh-K2MTkNr1pB6blIe3aMNBwt0uew_MDrVRV2bLVHyMt-ss Bills, E. R, The 1910 Slocum Massacre: an act of genocide in East Texas. The History Press, 2014. “Burned from the land: How 60 years of racial violence shaped America,” Channon Hodge, Breeanna Hare, Tami Luhby, Elias Goodstein, Priya Krishnakumar, Nadia Lancy, Toby Lyles, Amy Roberts and Clint Alwahab, CNN, May 30, 2021. https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2021/05/us/whitewashing-of-america-racism/?fbclid=IwAR1Wn5CTJDCNTAuRMAFGamO5IAV6k9_qjwFJ3KaDsjI-49wYVwXWqd-ZNxc, July 29, 1910: Slocum Massacre in Texas Massacres in US History | Zinn Education Project Opinion | Tom Hanks: The Tulsa Race Massacre Is Every American's History Texas marks racial slaughter more than a century later Slocum massacre - Wikipedia Texas marks racial slaughter more than a century later --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

Horse racing has long been popular in America, but few people know how or why African/Americans dominated the sport in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries. Listen in as Dr. Carol François and Kourtney Square, her niece, tell why Black/African Americans excelled in horse racing, how systemic racism caused them to be overshadowed, and learn about a jockey who attempted a daring escape from the Russian Revolution on the next episode of Why Are They So Angry?. Like what you hear? Please give us a review at https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1528399551 Your 5-star rating will help us promote more content like this. Citations Black jockeys and the Kentucky Derby: A history of race and racism Cheryl White was first out of the gate Eliza Carpenter, the Black Jockey Who Made Horse Racing History How and Why Black Riders Were Driven from American Racetracks Jimmy Winkfield (1882-1974) • Jimmy Winkfield: the American jockey who escaped the Bolsheviks and Nazis | Horse Racing News Moron Racehorse Owner Must Rename 'Jungle Bunny' Because It's Super Racist! Racism in racing: What's changed - and what CAN we change? The sad history of racism in American racing | Topics: Kentucky Derby, Saratoga The story of Cheryl White, the first black female jockey in US horse racing history Trainer banned for giving horse a racist name What can be done to tackle racism and dwindling African-American participation in harness racing? --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

Black/African Americans have close ties to Mexico that few people know about or understand. Join Dr. Carol François and Kourtney Square, her niece, to learn why Juneteenth is celebrated across the border, how an African prince led an uprising in Mexico and achieved freedom, and what Blaxit is all about on the next episode of Why Are They So Angry?. Like what you hear? Please give us a review at https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1528399551 Your 5-star rating will help us promote more content like this. Citations A Chapter In U.S. History Often Ignored: The Flight Of Runaway Slaves To Mexico Being a Black American Expatriate: It's Complicated Black Americans leave USA to escape racism, build lives abroad Black Mexico and the War of Independence ‘Blaxit': Black Americans Talk About Living Abroad Amid US Racism, Unrest Cinco de Mayo & Afro-Mexican History, 5 Things You May Not Know • EBONY Gaspar Yanga (c. 1545- ?) • Immigration: Mexico's Mascogos, descended from African-American slaves, weigh return to US Leaving the US Will Never Be the Antidote to Racism Narrative of Former Slave Felix Haywood, 1936 Port Of Entry Podcast: Black Expats Finding Refuge From Racism In Mexico Story of the Underground Railroad to Mexico gains attention The journey of the Mascogos: from fleeing the US slave trade to their eventual return home Why This Mexican Village Celebrates Juneteenth – Texas Monthly --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

What we watch on television and in the movies shapes our thinking and culture in general. Join Dr. Carol François and Kourtney Square, her niece, to hear about Oscar Micheaux, a pioneering Black/African American filmmaker from the early 20th Century. They'll also share examples of systemic racism in the television and motion picture industry and the creative ways Black/African Americans are beating the Hollywood system. Please review us at https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1528399551 Your 5-star rating will help us promote more content like this. Citations “2020 Hollywood Diversity Report: A different story behind the scenes,” Jessica Wolf, UCLA Newsroom, February 6, 2020. “Black representation in film and TV: The challenges and impact of increasing diversity,” Jonathan Dunn, Sheldon Lyn, Nony Onyeador, and Ammanuel Zegeye, Mckinsey and Company, March 11, 2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/diversity-and-inclusion/black-representation-in-film-and-tv-the-challenges-and-impact-of-increasing-diversity# “How Activist Audiences Are Changing the TV Industry,” Annie Meyers, Shondaland, MAR 18, 2021, https://www.shondaland.com/inspire/a35856162/activist-audiences-changing-the-tv-industry/ “Oscar Micheauxe,” Black Past, March 3, 2007, https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/micheaux-oscar-1884-1951/ Yuen, Nancy Wang, Reel Inequality: Hollywood Actors and Racism, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 2017. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

Black/African love, marriage, and families have been under assault from the time enslaved people were brought to this country. Join Dr. Carol François and Kourtney Square, her niece, as they explore how, in spite of this assault, Black/African Americans have forged unbreakable bonds for love to survive and thrive. Want more, take our course Systemic Racism: See it, Say it, Confront it at www.whyaretheysoangry.com and find us anywhere at https://www.podpage.com/why-are-they-so-angry/ Citations “After Slavery, Searching For Loved Ones In Wanted Ads,” Ari Shapiro and Maureen Pao, Code Switch, February 22,2017. https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2017/02/22/516651689/after-slavery-searching-for-loved-ones-in-wanted-ads Black and Married with Kids, https://blackandmarriedwithkids.com/ Black Marriage Day 2020: A Celebration of Love and Commitment, Jacksonville Free Press, March 24, 2020. https://jacksonvillefreepress.com/black-marriage-day-2020-a-celebration-of-love-and-commitment/ “Enslaved Couples Faced Wrenching Separations, or Even Choosing Family Over Freedom Loved ones could be sold away at any time,” Tera A. Hunter, History, Sept. 20, 2019. https://www.history.com/news/african-american-slavery-marriage-family-separation “Jan. 30, 1884: Couple Reunited During Reconstruction,” TheZinn Project, https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/couple-reunited-during-reconstruction Last Seen: Finding Family After Slavery, http://informationwanted.org/research “9 Black Wedding Traditions You Need to Know,” Ariana LaBarrie, Brides, October 8, 2020. https://www.brides.com/black-wedding-traditions-5076594 The African American Holiday Association (AAHA) http://www.africanamericanholidays.org/blackloveday.html “2019 marked 400 years of ‘forbidden black love' in America: How white society has hindered black relationships,” Dianne Stewart, The Washington Post, December 21, 2019. “Wedded bliss foundation,” http://www.weddedblissinc.com/articles.html “Why are so few Black women married in America?,” Dianne Stewart, Marketplace, Oct 6, 2020. https://www.marketplace.org/2020/10/06/why-are-so-few-black-women-married-in-america/ “Why Black Marriage Day?,” Beverly Willett, Huffpost, May 12, 2012. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

Of the thousands of farms in Washington, an agriculture-intensive state, fewer than 100 are owned by Black farmers. Rep. Melanie Morgan points to generations of systemic racism as a key reason for this underrepresentation, and is sponsoring legislation this year to enlist the state Department of Agriculture, schools, and other allies to help facilitate an increase in Black-owned family farms.

The White House is one of most recognized buildings and symbols of American power and democracy. Join Dr. Carol François and Kourtney Square, her niece, as they illuminate the unsung men and women who built and worked in that fabled building. From the carpenters, brick layers, laborers, entertainers, and servants, all the way to the confidants, diplomats, and policymakers, Black/African Americans, in spite of systemic racism, have left their mark on “the people's house” and on the nation's culture and politics. Want more, take our course Systemic Racism: See it, Say it, Confront it at www.whyaretheysoangry.com and find us anywhere at podcast.whyaretheysoangry.com. Citations “Jackie Kennedy's fairy-tale wedding was a nightmare for her African American dress designer,” Gillian Brockell, Washington Post, August 28, 2019. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2019/08/28/jackie-kennedys-fairy-tale-wedding-was-nightmare-her-african-american-dress-designer/ “Presidents behaving badly,” Why Are They So Angry? podcast, https://www.podpage.com/why-are-they-so-angry/presidents-behaving-badly/ The Black History of the White House, Clarence Lusane, The Open Media Series, 2011. “The untold story of Ann Lowe, the Black designer behind Jackie Kennedy's wedding dress,” Allyssia Alleyne, CNN, December 23, 2020. https://www.cnn.com/style/article/ann-lowe-jackie-kennedy-wedding-dress/index.html --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

Join Dr. Carol François and her niece, Kourtney Square as they ride into the West and share how Black/African Americans contributed to the country's westward expansion. You'll hear about Bass Reeves, perhaps the real Lone Ranger, and exploits of pioneers and settlers you've never heard of before. Want more---take our course Systemic Racism: See it, Say it, Confront it at www.whyaretheysoangry.com and find us anywhere at https://linktr.ee/WATSA Citations “Lawman legend Bass Reeves: the invincible man-hunter,” https://www.historynet.com/lawman-legend-bass-reeves-invincible-man-hunter.htm The Bone and Sinew of the Land: America's Forgotten Black Pioneers and the Struggle for Equality, by Anna-Lisa Cox. The Black West: A Documentary and Pictorial History of the African American Role in the Westward Expansion of the United States, by William Loren Katz. “The life and times of deputy U.S. marshall Bass Reeves,” https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/33537/life-and-times-deputy-us-marshal-bass-reeves#:~:text=Over%20his%2032%2Dyear%20career,and%20was%20never%20shot%20himself. “Was the real Lone Ranger a black man?,” https://www.history.com/news/bass-reeves-real-lone-ranger-a-black-man --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

Join Dr. Carol François and Kourtney Square, her niece, as they look at popular holidays through the lens of Black/African Americans and systemic racism. Learn about the joys and heartaches associated with Christmas, New Years Day, and other holidays and how Black/African Americans have interwoven their culture into them in spite of their sometimes supremacist roots. Want more, take our course Systemic Racism: See it, Say it, Confront it at www.whyaretheysoangry.com and find us anywhere at https://linktr.ee/WATSA Citations “Celebrating Thanksgiving as a person of color is complicated,” Jessica Tholmer, Hello Giggles, Nov. 28, 2019. “Coard: The real watch night,” Michael Coard, The Philadelphia Tribune, Dec. 30, 2017. “Should black people celebrate Thanksgiving?, Vann K. Newkirk and Keymone Freeman, Ebony Nov. 23, 2015. “The slaves dread New Year's Day the worst': the grim history of January 1”, Olivia B. Waxman, Time , Dec. 27, 2019. The Journal of Roots Music website, https://www.nodepression.com/a-slaves-christmas-from-big-times-to-heartbreak-day/ --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

Black/African Americans and Native Americans have co-existed as friend and foe, free and slave, and most recently defender and defendant. Join Dr. Carol Francois and Kourtney Square, her niece, as they reveal the curious and sometimes unexpected relationship between Black/African Americans and Native Americans and how that relationship has been shaped by America's systemic racism. Want more, take our course Systemic Racism: See it, Say it, Confront it at www.whyaretheysoangry.com and find us anywhere at https://linktr.ee/WATSA #nativeamericans #seminoles #blackseminoles #thanksgiving #gullahwars #cherokee #creeknation #fivenations Citations “A Boiling Pot of Animosity or an Alliance of Kindred Spirits? Exploring Connections Between Native Americans and African Americans,” Hilary N. Weaver State University of New York, Buffalo, 2008. “A mixed-race woman's long quest to prove her Native American ancestry,” Neeley Tucker, The Washington Post, Jan. 4, 2019. Black Indians: A Hidden Heritage, William Loren Katz, Atheneum Books for Young Readers, 2012. “Court: Cherokee Freedmen have right to tribal citizenship”, Sean Murphy, AP, August, 31, 2017. “5 Things to Know about Blacks and Native Americans,” #teamEbony, Ebony, November 20, 2012. “How Native Americans adopted slavery from white settlers”,” Alaina E. Roberts, Aljazeera, Dec. 27, 2018. “Indivisible, African-Native American lives in America,” https://americanindian.si.edu/exhibitions/indivisible/index.html Seminole Nation Museum, https://www.seminolenationmuseum.org/blog/archive/m.blog/42/seminole-freedman#:~:text=In%201838%2C%20the%20vanguard%20of,500%20black%20rebels%20had%20emigrated. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

For decades, land theft and underhanded legal maneuverings have been used to divest Black/African Americans of valuable beachfront property. Join Dr. Carol François and Kourtney Square, her niece, as they peel back the systemic racism underlying the pernicious land appropriation schemes that have contributed to the Black/African American wealth gap in this country. Want more? Take our course Systemic Racism: See it, Say it, Confront it at www.whyaretheysoangry.com and find us anywhere at https://linktr.ee/WATSA #brucesbeach #manhattanbeach #heirsproperty #thehamptons #sagharbor #hiltonhead #landtheft Citations Bruce's Beach https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%27s_Beach Historically black beach enclaves are fighting to save their history and identity,” Troy McMullen, The Washington Post, July 27, 2017, “How to close heirs property loopholes,” Lizzie Presser, Pro Puclica, July 15, 2019. “Land taken from blacks through trickery, violence, and murder Todd Lewan and Dolores Barclay,” The Associated Press, Published 10:00 pm PST, Saturday, December 1, 2001 https://www.seattlepi.com/national/article/Land-taken-from-blacks-through-trickery-violence-1073410.php “The heart of Sapelo,” Chris Dixon, Garden & Gun, June/July 2015. https://gardenandgun.com/feature/the-heart-of-sapelo/ The Land Was Ours: How Black Beaches Became White Wealth in the Coastal South, by Andrew W. Kahrl. When They Steal Your Land They Steal your Future https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-dec-02-mn-10514-story.html --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

Happy Veterans Day! Dr. Carol François and Kourtney Square salute the U.S. Armed Forces with a special edition honoring the brave women and men who serve. Listen to the thrilling story of Sergeant Edward A. Carter's true heroism; learn the history of the World War II Double V campaign; and hear the solution to the mystery of why Black/African Americans were denied the highest military award, The Medal of Honor, during WWII. Citations California State Military History and Museums Program, www.militarymuseum.org “The double v campaign (1942-1945,” Euell A. Nielsen, BlackPast, July 1, 2020. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

At one time 15 percent of farmers in the United States were Black/African American. Today, that number has shrunken to less than two percent. Dr. Carol Francois and her niece Kourtney Square explain how land swindles, terror, massacres, lynchings, and sly legal maneuvering has robbed Black/African Americans of millions of acres of land. Look for us everywhere a this link https://linktr.ee/WATSA #antiracism#diversity #whyaretheysoangry #brucesbeach #landtheft #farmers #blackfarmers #partitioning #USDA Citations A Time to Act: A Report of the USDA National Commission on Small Farms, United States Department of Agriculture, 1998. “Five ways to help black farmers,” Ruben Casteneda, U.S. News and World Report, Oct. 5, 2020. “Land taken from blacks through trickery, violence, and murder Todd Lewan and Dolores Barclay,” The Associated Press, Published 10:00 pm PST, Saturday, December 1, 2001 https://www.seattlepi.com/national/article/Land-taken-from-blacks-through-trickery-violence-1073410.php “The heart of Sapelo,” Chris Dixon, Garden & Gun, June/July 2015. https://gardenandgun.com/feature/the-heart-of-sapelo/ The Land Was Ours: How Black Beaches Became White Wealth in the Coastal South, by Andrew W. Kahrl. “When They Steal Your Land They Steal your Future” https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-dec-02-mn-10514-story.html --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

Dr. Carol François and Kourtney are at it again uncovering the unsavory history of systemic racism in America's healthcare system. Human medical experimentation and the United States are two terms rarely uttered in the same sentence, but the duo traces some of the more unnerving instances of experiments done on unsuspecting victims down through the years in American medical and scientific settings. From grave robbing to secret tests, you'll hear how Black/African Americans were exploited in government sanctioned human experimentation. Learn more about what the aunt and her niece are up to at this link https://linktr.ee/WATSA. #medicalexperimentation #blacklivesmatter #secretscience #graverobbing #antiracism #inclusion #clinicalstudies Citations “In an effort to increase black participation in clinical trials, white institutions are finally ready to shoulder burden of becoming more ‘trustworthy',” David Love, Atlantic Black Star, May, 7, 2016. “Interview with Wilbert Smith, author of hole in the head, the story of Vertus Hardiman,” Uchenna Edeh. July 26, 2015 https://kentakepage.com/interview-with-wilbert-smith-author-of-hole-in-the-head-the-story-of-vertus-hardiman/2019. “The use of blacks for medical experimentation and demonstration in the 0ld south,” Savitt, Todd L., The Journal of Southern History, vol. 48, no. 3, 1982, pp. 331–348. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2207450. Accessed 6 Oct. 2020. “Troubling History In Medical Research Still Fresh For Black Americans,” Rob Stein, Shots - Health News, NPR, Oct. 25, 2017. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

Dr. Carol François and her niece Kourtney Square are at it again taking a deep dive into explaining systemic racism. Episode 5 is part two of their “Criminal Justice Trilogy”, delving into how justice becomes injustice in America's courts. They look at the role of jurors, prosecutors, and judges in upholding systemic racism and examine how sentencing and wrongful convictions disproportionately penalize Black/African Americans. You'll hear about the gruesome murder of teacher David Wyatt at the hands of a white mob as well as the tragic story of Lena Baker. Finally, the duo brings the topic into focus by showing the relationship of the past to present-day prison conditions and practices. WARNING, this episode contains graphic violence and is not suitable for children. Learn more about this team and their work to see, say, and confront systemic racism at www.whyaretheysoangry.com. Citations “Ga. Woman Pardoned 60 Years After Her Execution,” Heard on All Things Considered, NPR, August 26, 2005. “In Honor of Lena Baker (Posthumously),” United States Congressman Sanford D. Bishop, Jr., Congressional Record Statement, https://bishop.house.gov/media-center/congressional-record-statements/in-honor-of-lena-baker-posthumously?fbclid=IwAR1oyJNo9_U6qU0d4tuSNQe4WtlCBPpqBFpCOE4m7uIkfyRoVwyPLLCXQNc Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II, by Douglas A. Blackmon. “There's Overwhelming evidence that the criminal justice system is racist. Here's the proof”, Radley Balko, Washington Post, June 10, 2020. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

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Join Dr. Carol François and Kourtney Square, the aunt and niece duo, for Episode 3 of Why Are they So Angry?, a look at systemic racism in education. Educating the general populace is a cornerstone of American society providing the foundation for an informed and knowledgeable electorate. For over 400 years, however, Black/African Americans have endured poor, inadequate, and substandard education. In this episode, you'll hear about the heroic battle Dr. George McLaurin waged to integrate Oklahoma University and how that battle ended. You'll also hear how some of the same inadequacies in public education from the Jim Crow era are still in various forms of existence in education today and how those inadequacies impede upward mobility for Black/African Americans. Partial Citations: “A teenager didn't do her online schoolwork so a judge sent her to juvenile detention,” by Jodi S. Cohen, Pro Publica Illinois, July 14, 2020. ACLU “Cops and no counselors: how the lack of school mental health is harming students”, https://www.aclu.org/issues/juvenile-justice/school-prison-pipeline/cops-and-no-counselors. Reese, L. (2007, January 19) George W. McLaurin (1887-1968). Retrieved from https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/mclaurin-george-w-1887-1968/. “The education of Black children in the Jim Crow South”, Dr. Russell Brooker, Professor of Political Science America's Black Holocaust Museum, Alverno College, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The Education of Blacks in the South: 1830-1938, James D. Anderson, The University of North Carolina Press, 1988. The Education Trust, Jan. 9, 2020, “Inequities in Advanced Coursework”. “School segregation is not a myth skeptics claim that concerns over racially divided schools are false alarms—but they're missing the full picture,” Will Stancil, The Atlantic, March 2018. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

Join Dr. Carol François and Kourtney Square, the aunt and niece duo, for Episode 2 of Why Are they So Angry? This episode focuses on how de jure segregation promulgated in federal, state, and local laws unconstitutionally barred Black/African Americans from owning homes and land. Being able to live in safe, secure housing and buy property to create generational wealth encapsulates the “American Dream”. Historically, for many Black/African Americans that dream has been a nightmare. You will hear that the outcome of segregation resulted in land theft, deteriorating neighborhoods, and the current day wealth chasm between whites and Black/African Americans. The episode draws heavily on Richard Rothstein's book The Color of Law: The Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America along with several recent studies and news articles about racial inequity in housing and real estate. Partial Citations: ”A Look at Housing Inequality and Racism in America,” By: Dina Williams, Forbes Magazine, June 3, 2020. “Black homeowners face discrimination in appraisals,” By Debra Kamin, New York Times, Published Aug. 25, 2020, Updated Aug. 27, 2020. “Black Homeownership: The Role of Temporal Changes and Residential Segregation at the End of the 20th Century”, By: Lance Freeman, Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 86, No. 2 (JUNE 2005), pp. 403-426. “Defending the Home: Ossian Sweet and the Struggle Against Segregation in 1920s Detroit”, Victoria W. Wolcott, OAH Magazine of History, Vol. 7, No. 4, African-American History (Summer, 1993), pp. 23-27. The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America, By: Richard Rothstein, Liveright Publishing Company, 2017. “The Trial of Henry Sweet: Clarence Darrow confronts the issues of the day”, By: James W. McElhaney, ABA Journal, Vol. 78, No. 7 (JULY 1992), pp. 73-74. “University launches investigation after a Black professor was asked by campus security to prove she lived in her own house,” By Alaa Elassar, CNN, Wed August 26, 2020. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

This is a very different edition of the podcast. Of course we all know what's been happening over the past week with Riots and Protests across America and the world. This platform has never dabbled into the world of Politics and Religion, but this is too big to ignore, and we felt we couldn't talk anything CAW related on the podcast. This has shook us all up personally and emotionally, especially relating to The Jamco. So we decided that this is a podcast dedicated to Black lives and especially the Black/African Americans in our communities around the world, and since we have a big platform that does reach a worldwide audience, we don't think that being silent is going to help a cause, that's just the same as ignoring the issues. This podcast will be celebrating Black music and artists and we will also be hearing some the members of our diverse community tell us about the songs that represents them there upbringing and what it means to them. We think this is a beautifully put together piece of art. If you want to help the cause, find a protest in your local area and donate to the causes of the men and women who have lost there lives. Here are the websites to the causes you can help donate too with all the links at this website. https://blacklivesmatters.carrd.co/ *WARNING* There will be strong language throughout this podcast and the subject of Race issues, Race debates and the use of the N word. If this offends you, DO NOT listen to this podcast.

The topic for this show is about how can we foresee and proceed in ensuring that the content we are creating reach out to the mass masses and get compensated righteously for it. There's a major case of Comcast and SCOTUS jeapordizing economic disparity 22billion dollars and Black /African Americans getting ZERO part of the pie

Just in time for the APSA annual meeting, Niambi Michele Carter has written an incredibly timely book on a central issue to American politics, American While Black: African Americans, Immigration, and the Limits of Citizenship (Oxford University Press, 2019). Carter is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Howard University. Her work focuses on racial and ethnic politics in the United States, specifically public opinion and political behavior of African Americans. In American While Black, Carter argues that immigration, both historically and in the contemporary moment, has served as a reminder of the limited inclusion of African Americans in the body politic. Carter draws on original interview material and empirical data on African American political opinion to offer the first theory of black public opinion toward immigration. Carter contends that blacks use the issue of immigration as a way to understand the nature and meaning of their American citizenship-specifically the way that white supremacy structures and constrains not just their place in the American political landscape, but their political opinions as well. But what may appear to be a conflict between blacks and other minorities is about self-preservation. Prof. Carter also makes a host of excellent recommendations for enjoying the District, including: Hazel, Haikan, Thai Xing, Dirty Goose, Compass Coffee, The Royal (coffee/bar/restaurant), Brookland's Finest, Calabash, Menomale (didn't mention but a great place for Neoplitan style pizza), Union Market ( esp. Neopol Savory Smokery), and St. Anselm. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/african-american-studies

Just in time for the APSA annual meeting, Niambi Michele Carter has written an incredibly timely book on a central issue to American politics, American While Black: African Americans, Immigration, and the Limits of Citizenship (Oxford University Press, 2019). Carter is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Howard University. Her work focuses on racial and ethnic politics in the United States, specifically public opinion and political behavior of African Americans. In American While Black, Carter argues that immigration, both historically and in the contemporary moment, has served as a reminder of the limited inclusion of African Americans in the body politic. Carter draws on original interview material and empirical data on African American political opinion to offer the first theory of black public opinion toward immigration. Carter contends that blacks use the issue of immigration as a way to understand the nature and meaning of their American citizenship-specifically the way that white supremacy structures and constrains not just their place in the American political landscape, but their political opinions as well. But what may appear to be a conflict between blacks and other minorities is about self-preservation. Prof. Carter also makes a host of excellent recommendations for enjoying the District, including: Hazel, Haikan, Thai Xing, Dirty Goose, Compass Coffee, The Royal (coffee/bar/restaurant), Brookland's Finest, Calabash, Menomale (didn't mention but a great place for Neoplitan style pizza), Union Market ( esp. Neopol Savory Smokery), and St. Anselm. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Just in time for the APSA annual meeting, Niambi Michele Carter has written an incredibly timely book on a central issue to American politics, American While Black: African Americans, Immigration, and the Limits of Citizenship (Oxford University Press, 2019). Carter is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Howard University. Her work focuses on racial and ethnic politics in the United States, specifically public opinion and political behavior of African Americans. In American While Black, Carter argues that immigration, both historically and in the contemporary moment, has served as a reminder of the limited inclusion of African Americans in the body politic. Carter draws on original interview material and empirical data on African American political opinion to offer the first theory of black public opinion toward immigration. Carter contends that blacks use the issue of immigration as a way to understand the nature and meaning of their American citizenship-specifically the way that white supremacy structures and constrains not just their place in the American political landscape, but their political opinions as well. But what may appear to be a conflict between blacks and other minorities is about self-preservation. Prof. Carter also makes a host of excellent recommendations for enjoying the District, including: Hazel, Haikan, Thai Xing, Dirty Goose, Compass Coffee, The Royal (coffee/bar/restaurant), Brookland's Finest, Calabash, Menomale (didn't mention but a great place for Neoplitan style pizza), Union Market ( esp. Neopol Savory Smokery), and St. Anselm.

In Episode 12 of The Rights Track, Todd talks to Dr Karen Salt and Dr Christopher Phelps from the University of Nottingham about human rights in America through the lens of race. He asks his guests whether a Truth Commission might play a positive role in giving Americans the opportunity to pause for thought about some of the underlying problems facing American Society today. 0.00-09.32 Todd introduces this special final episode of Series 1 of The Rights Track by introducing his two guests and by explaining a little about why he wanted to take some time to discuss recent events in US in respect of violence against African Americans. He references two articles he has written - one on the statistical evidence surrounding the disproportionate levels of violence towards Black Americans and the second on his belief that America ought to consider setting up a Truth Commission to examine some of the underlying problems facing American society. He goes on to explain what a Truth Commission might look like. Todd references a recent UN report by the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent which also recommends a human rights commission . Karen talks about the importance of finding the right way to talk about race, violence and related issues. She mentions her research project, The Trust Map, which is looking at how trust can be repaired within minority communities. She says it's important to think not just about a Commission, but about what would follow on from it. Todd mentions President Obama's Commission on Police Violence - Dallas Police being held up as exemplar and yet violence happening on the city's streets in recent months. Karen points out that problems like these are not solved overnight and the unrealistic expectations placed on Obama as a black President to achieve more because they assumed that America was “post racial” as soon as a black President was elected. She says she values the idea of people having the opportunity to share their experiences and knowledge about relevant events without necessarily having to quantify it. 09.32-20.00 Christopher Phelps talks about America's history of slavery and the so-called Jim Crow racial segregation and the challenges of modern day in spite of civil and political rights developments. He mentions earlier Commissions including the Kerner Commission looking at riots in the 1960s and the Commission that looked at the Watts Riot in 1965. He thinks a Truth Commission might be useful in gathering information and helping to get people talking about these issues in a constructive way but expresses concern that the circumstances and conditions for it, unlike in South Africa, may not lend themselves to it being effective. Todd talks about how a Truth Commission might work and where the data might come from and what he would want to see emerge from it by way of serious reform and a hard look at the relevant institutions. Karen reflects on the place where she grew up and the impact of issues like drugs and violence on the local community and the ways in which the community was acknowledged but not integrated. 20:00-26.00 Christopher explains a little more about his thoughts on the South African Truth Commission and how the political and social inequality in South Africa differs from that in the United States making him suggest that a process of reconciliation would be fraught. He points out how civil rights issues specific to a country become intertwined with international human rights and how civil rights groups use international laws around human rights a.s a lever to change a situation in a particular country Todd reflects on his own work showing the gap between the legal changes improving the rights of Black American i.e. right to vote, access to education etc. and the lived reality of persistent social, political and legal inequalities. He says this gap is often used to lobby for change. 26.00-end The discussion turns to the Black Lives Matter campaign and Todd's view that statistics clearly show disproportionate violence towards African Americans. Karen comments that there has been a continuous process of resistance through people's day to day lives. She refers to US congressman John Lewis's (she mistakenly says John Conyers' but means Lewis') use of the hashtag #goodtrouble on his Twitter account and a book called Necessary Trouble by Sarah Jaffe and the idea of what happens when you need to protest in a certain way to “trouble” the way certain issues are discussed. She points out that Black Lives Matter covers a wide and diverse range of groups not just groups looking at violence towards African Americans. She goes on to reference some of the sexual harassment allegations made against Donald Trump in the run up to the 2016 Presidential election and how that has prompted interesting and important discourse. Todd compares the Black Lives Matter movement to the Occupy movementand the similar strategies they employed. The discussion moves to how founding documents like the Declaration of Independence are used in ongoing lobbies for change. Christopher Phelps talks about the interaction of economic and social rights with political and legal rights and the need to balance both. He says he hopes the protest movements that have erupted in recent years manage to effect changes to policy. Karen mentions the flaws that exist in some of the original ‘founding' documents used in the States and goes on to talk about her work on Haiti and the challenges that America's history with slavery pose for modern discussions on racial equality. Todd reflects on the discussion and what it might mean for American history and for the future. He talks a little more about the role a Truth Commission might play. Christopher says that what could be happening in the States is a sort of ‘last gasp' of people who don't want to let go of the way things were. He says he's optimistic about the attitudes of young people. Todd talks about the positive stories and ideas that have emerged across Series 1 of The Rights Track and how Series 2 will talk to people using academic evidence on human rights in their work to make the world a better place. Useful links Radicals in America: The US Left since the Second World War Race and Revolution There's no escaping the data: African Americans face injustice at every turn Why America needs a Truth Commission From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime review - disturbing history Greensboro Commission Brown v Board of Education An Appeal to the World Guardian investigation into killings of Black African Americans by police