Podcasts about blackpast

It's a shorter, swear-free version of the wonderful Genealogy episode with author Stephen Hanks -- who teaches genealogy classes in Portland, Oregon and has contributed to PBS genealogy documentaries. We chat histories, mysteries, memories and families, plus what ignited his passion for learning about his own history. Also: how to find your family through census records, county archives, and death certificates; which DNA tests he's taken; our most recent common ancestor; and whether or not he wears a detective cape. Stephen Hanks' books: “Three Brothers — 1626,” “1619 -- Twenty Africans,” and “Akee Tree”Publisher: Inkwater PressA donation went to BlackPast.orgFull-length (*not* G-rated) Genealogy episode + tons of science linksMore kid-friendly Smologies episodes!Become a patron of Ologies for as little as a buck a monthOlogiesMerch.com has hats, shirts, masks, totes!Follow @Ologies on Bluesky and InstagramFollow @AlieWard on X and InstagramSound editing by Mercedes Maitland of Maitland Audio Productions, Jarrett Sleeper of MindJam Media & Steven Ray MorrisMade possible by work from Noel Dilworth, Susan Hale, Jacob Chaffee, Kelly R. Dwyer, Emily White, & Erin TalbertSmologies theme song by Harold Malcolm

This week we're traveling back to 1960s Congo with The Siege of Jadotville! Join us as we learn about General Tshombe, Dag Hammarsjkold, UN forces in Jadotville, uranium mining, and more! Sources: Frank Swain, "The forgotten mine that built the atomic bomb," BBC (2020). https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200803-the-forgotten-mine-that-built-the-atomic-bomb  Moore, W. Robert. "White Magic in the Belgian Congo: Tribesmen Mine Uranium, Run Machines, Study Modern Medicine as Booming Trade Opens Up the Vast Colony's Resources." National Geographic Magazine, March 1952, [321]+. National Geographic Virtual Library (accessed August 1, 2024). Susan Williams, "How a rich uranium mine thrust the Congo into the centre of the Cold War," The Conversation (2016). https://theconversation.com/how-a-rich-uranium-mine-thrust-the-congo-into-the-centre-of-the-cold-war-64761  Tom Zoellner, "A (Radioactive) Cut in the Earth That Will Not Stay Closed," Scientific American (2009). https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-radioactive-cut-that-will-not-stay-closed/  "Dag Hammarskjold," United Nations, available at https://www.un.org/depts/dhl/dag/time1961.htm Emma Graham-Harrison et al, "RAF Veteran 'Admitted 1961 Killing of Secretary-General," The Guardian, available at https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/12/raf-veteran-admitted-killing-un-secretary-general-dag-hammarskjold-in-1961 "Interview with Secretary General," British Pathe, available at https://youtu.be/5mdY-RE3ZEg?si=7R8VBeQ-KdyYe3XH Mads Brugger, "Cold Case Hammarskjold," Magnolia Pictures, 2019 "Monday 18 September 1961," Aviation Safety Network, available at https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/333493 Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Siege_of_Jadotville_(film) Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_siege_of_jadotville Lar Joye, "What's on Film: The Siege of Jadotville," History Ireland 25, no.1 (2017): 50-51.  John Terence O'Neill, "The Irish Company at Jadotville, Congo, 1961: Soldiers or Symbols?," International Peacekeeping 9, no. 4 (Winter 2002): 127-144. Narayan Swamy, "Gallant Irish Unit Surrenders," The Times of India, Bombay, September 19, 1961.  Frank McNally, "Five Irish soldiers took their own lives after Jadotville siege," The Irish Times (May 15, 2019). https://www.irishtimes.com/news/social-affairs/five-irish-soldiers-took-their-own-lives-after-jadotville-siege-1.3893633   Security Council official records, 16th year : 973rd meeting, 13 November 1961, New York; United Nations Digital Library, https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/631329?ln=en&v=pdf  Report to the Secretary-General from his Special Representative in the Congo regarding Mr. Patrice Lumumba; https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/630673?ln=en&v=pdf  Evening star. (Washington, D.C.), 26 Sept. 1961. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1961-09-26/ed-1/seq-3/  https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/past/onucF.html Isaac Chotiner, "The Real Story Behind Patrice Lumumba's Assassination," The New Yorker, October 30, 2023. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/11/06/the-lumumba-plot-the-secret-history-of-the-cia-and-a-cold-war-assassination-stuart-a-reid-book-review   Jiwon Amy Yoo, "Moise Kapenda Tshombe," Blackpast.org, available at https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/tshombe-moise-kapenda-1919-1969/

The creation of Haiti was the culmination of a slave revolt that began on a stormy night in the dense woods of Bois Caïman in Saint-Domingue, on 21st September, 1791, when a Voodoo ceremony led by the Jamaican-born priest Dutty Boukman called upon the enslaved Africans to reject their masters and embrace freedom in a bloody uprising. Saint-Domingue was France's most lucrative colony, producing vast quantities of sugar, coffee, cotton, and indigo. However, this wealth came at an enormous human cost. The brutal conditions on the plantations, exacerbated by rampant diseases like yellow fever, led to a staggering death rate among the enslaved population.  Meanwhile the French colonists, who were vastly outnumbered by the enslaved Africans, lived in constant fear of rebellion. When it came, the uprising rapidly gained momentum, destroying hundreds of plantations and killing thousands of white colonists within weeks. In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly explain how the revolution was not actually intended to separate Haiti from France; consider how Toussaint Louverture rose through the ranks to command a formidable army and confront Napoleon's forces; and reveal how the Haitian flag came to be…  Further Reading: • ‘Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) • Global African History' (Blackpast, 2007): https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/haitian-revolution-1791-1804/ • 'How Toussaint L'ouverture Rose from Slavery to Lead the Haitian Revolution' (HISTORY, 2021): https://www.history.com/news/toussaint-louverture-haiti-revolution • 'The Haitian Revolution - Liberation' (Extra History, 2020): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfLskhmVd7k Love the show? Support us!  Join 

This episode explores the life and career of Anne Lowe, a pioneering African American fashion designer who dressed high society elites in the early to mid 20th century. We learn about her early life in Alabama, training in New York, moving to Harlem during the Renaissance, and most famously designing Jacqueline Kennedy's wedding dress. Timeline: Early Life & Training Born in Clayton, AL in 1898 Learned sewing from her mother and grandmother Moved to NYC in 1917 to formally train at S.T. Taylor Design School Segregated at school but still excelled and finished early Building Her Brand Opened successful dress salon in Tampa, FL from 1919-1928 Saved $20,000 to move to Harlem, NYC during the Renaissance Quickly built clientele among NYC elites and socialites Designed Olivia de Havilland's Oscars dress in 1947 Peak Years Client list included Rockefellers, Roosevelts, duPonts and more Hired to design 1953 wedding dress for Jacqueline Kennedy Water pipe disaster destroyed original dress 10 days before wedding Remade it in 5 days with help of employees and community Late Career Struggles Focused more on artistry than business side, fell into debt Wealthy clients anonymously paid off $13k in back taxes she owed Died in 1981 at age 82 after inspiring new generation of designers Key Quote: "I love my clothes and I'm not interested in sewing for café society or social climbers. I sew for the families of the Social Register." - Anne Lowe Impact: Lowe's elegant designs broke racial barriers in high fashion. She paved the way for future Black designers through her perseverance and excellence. Subscribe, review & learn more at www.blackisamericapodcast.com   The Black Is America podcast, a presentation of OWLS Education Company, was created and is written, researched, and produced by Dominic Lawson. Executive Producer Kenda Lawson Cover art was created by Alexandria Eddings of Art Life Connections.  Sources to create this episode include Ebony Magazine, The Saturday Evening Post, The JFK Library, The Academy, C-Span, History.com, and  Blackpast.com  Special thanks to fashion designer Ayeshia Smith of Ayeshia.com. Follow her on IG at Ayeshia.appareal Also pecial thanks to Elizabeth Way, Associate Museum curator at the Fashion Institute of Technology.  Special thanks to first Chutney Young for suggesting Ann Lowe as a topic. And lastly thank you Lisa Woolfork, founder of Black Women Stich and host of the Stitch Please Podcast. We collaborated with her on this espisode and she introduced us to Elizabeth Way. Follow on IG At Black Women Stitch.    

George Washington Williams was one of the first people to publicly describe the atrocities being carried out in the Congo Free State under King Leopold II of Belgium. But so much happened in his life before that. Research: Berry, Dorothy. “George Washington Williams' History of the Negro Race in America (1882–83).” The Public Domain Review. 9/12/2023. https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/history-of-the-negro-race-in-america/ BlackPast, B. (2009, August 20). (1890) George Washington Williams's Open Letter to King Leopold on the Congo. BlackPast.org. https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/primary-documents-global-african-history/george-washington-williams-open-letter-king-leopold-congo-1890/ Book, Todd. “What Tarzan Taught Me about Ohio History.” 10/1/2017. https://www.ohiobar.org/member-tools-benefits/practice-resources/practice-library-search/practice-library/2017-ohio-lawyer/what-tarzan-taught-me-about-ohio-history/ Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "John Hope Franklin". Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Jan. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Hope-Franklin. Accessed 31 January 2024. Elnaiem, Mohammed. “George Washington Williams and the Origins of Anti-Imperialism.” JSTOR Daily. 6/10/2021. https://daily.jstor.org/george-washington-williams-and-the-origins-of-anti-imperialism/ Franklin, John Hope. "Williams, George Washington." Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History, edited by Colin A. Palmer, 2nd ed., vol. 5, Macmillan Reference USA, 2006, pp. 2303-2304. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3444701308/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=f3d8c89e. Accessed 30 Jan. 2024. Franklin, John Hope. “Afro-American Biography: The Case of George Washington Williams.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society , Jun. 18, 1979. https://www.jstor.org/stable/986218 Franklin, John Hope. “George Washington Williams and the Beginnings of Afro-American Historiography.” Critical Inquiry , Summer, 1978, Vol. 4, No. 4 (Summer, 1978). https://www.jstor.org/stable/1342950 Franklin, John Hope. “George Washington Williams, Historian.” The Journal of Negro History , Jan., 1946, Vol. 31, No. 1. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2714968 Franklin, John Hope. “George Washington Williams: A Biography.” University of Chicago Press. 1985. "George Washington Williams." Notable Black American Men, Book II, edited by Jessie Carney Smith, Gale, 1998. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1622000481/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=718fd3c3. Accessed 30 Jan. 2024. Hawkins, Hunt. “Conrad and Congolese Exploitation.” Conradiana , 1981, Vol. 13, No. 2 (1981). https://www.jstor.org/stable/24634105 John Hope Franklin Center at Duke University. “Dr. Franklin & Lea Fridman: George Washington Williams.” Via YouTube. 10/10/2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A8WC5l2unNA McConarty, Colin. “George Washington Williams: A Historian Ahead of His Time.” We're History. February 26, 2016. https://werehistory.org/williams/ O'Reilly, Ted. “In Search of George Washington Williams, Historian.” New York Historical Society Museum and Library.” 2/24/2021. https://www.nyhistory.org/blogs/in-search-of-george-washington-williams-historian O'Connor, A. (2008, January 23). George Washington Williams (1849-1891). BlackPast.org. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/williams-george-washington-1849-1891/ Ohio Statehouse. “George Washington Williams.” https://www.ohiostatehouse.org/museum/george-washington-williams-room/george-washington-williams Simmons, Willam J. and Henry McNeal Turner. “Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive and Rising.” Geo. M. Rewell & Company, 1887. https://books.google.com/books?id=2QUJ419VR4AC& See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Feliks Banel's guests on this live broadcast of CASCADE OF HISTORY include Dr. Quintard Taylor, founder of BlackPast.org, Professor Emeritus at the University of Washington, and author of “The Forging of a Black Community,” in an archival interview from the old COLUMBIA CONVERSATIONS podcast; and Joseph Pentheroudakis, board member of the Key Peninsula Historical Society about the new exhibit “Road Show” opening on February 24, 2024. Also on this episode, a look and listen back to early history radio broadcaster (and author) Nard Jones. This LIVE broadcast of CASCADE OF HISTORY was originally presented at 8pm Pacific Standard Time on Sunday, February 18, 2024 via SPACE 101.1 FM and streaming live via space101fm.org from studios at historic Magnuson Park – formerly Sand Point Naval Air Station - on the shores of Lake Washington in Seattle.

Stories of the Civil Rights Movement don't often center the fundraisers, often Black women, whose tireless efforts made the movement possible; today we're featuring one of those women. Mollie Moon, born in 1907, the founder and first chairperson of the National Council of Urban League Guilds, raised millions of dollars for the Civil Rights Movement, using her charm and connections to throw charity galas, like her famed Beaux Arts Ball, where everyone wanted to be seen. Her long service to the movement eventually earned her the President's Volunteer Action Award from President George H. W. Bush in 1989. Joining this episode to tell us all about Mollie Moon and the funding of the Civil Rights Movement is Dr. Tanisha C. Ford, professor of history in The Graduate Center, at CUNY, and author of Our Secret Society: Mollie Moon and the Glamour, Money, and Power Behind the Civil Rights Movement. Our theme song is Frogs Legs Rag, composed by James Scott and performed by Kevin MacLeod, licensed under Creative Commons. The mid-episode music is “Crazy Blues,” composed by Perry Bradford and performed by the Original Dixieland Jazz Band in 1921; the recording is in the public domain and available via the Library of Congress National Jukebox. The episode image is from the cover of Our Secret Society; Image: Harper Collins. Additional Sources: “Socialite Mollie Moon Used Fashion Shows to Fund the Civil Rights Movement,” by Tanisha C. Ford, Harper's Bazaar, March 8, 2021. “Mollie Moon, 82, Founding Head Of the Urban League Guild, Dies,” by Peter B. Flint, New York Times, June 26, 1990. “Mollie Moon: A Real Voice,” by Lev Earle, River Campus Libraries, University of Rochester, March 25, 2021. “Henry Lee Moon (1901-1985),” by Susan Bragg, BlackPast, June 19, 2011. “Louise Thompson and the Black and White Film,” by Denise Lynn, Black Perspectives, AAIHS, April 15, 2021. “Harlem Community Art Center,” Mapping the African American Past, Columbia University. National Urban League Guild. “Funding a Social Movement: The Ford Foundation and Civil Rights, 1965-1970,” by Rachel Wimpee, Rockefeller Archive Center, November 4, 2020. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Scholar Merze Tate, born in Michigan in 1905, overcame the odds in what she called a “sex and race discriminating world,” to earn graduate degrees from Oxford University and Harvard University on her way to becoming the first Black woman to teach in the History Department at Howard University. During her long career, Tate published 5 books, 34 journal articles and 45 review essays in the fields of diplomatic history and international relations. Her legacy extends beyond her publications, as the fellowships she endowed continue to support students at her alma maters. Joining me in this episode is historian Dr. Barbara Savage, the Geraldine R. Segal Professor Emerita of American Social Thought and Africana Studies at the University of Pennsylvania and author of Merze Tate: The Global Odyssey of a Black Woman Scholar. Our theme song is Frogs Legs Rag, composed by James Scott and performed by Kevin MacLeod, licensed under Creative Commons. The mid-episode music is "Trio for Piano Violin and Viola," by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com), Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License. The episode image is “Portrait of Merze Tate;” photograph taken by Judith Sedwick in 1982 and housed in the Black Women Oral History Project Collection at the  Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America; there are no known copyright restrictions. Additional sources: “Merze Tate Collection,” Western Michigan University Archives. “Who was Dr. Merze Tate?” Western Michigan University. “Merze Tate: Her Legacy Continues,” Merze Tate Explorers. “WMU's Merze Tate broke color barriers around the world [video],” WOOD TV8, February 18, 2021. “Merze Tate,” by Maurice C. Woodard. PS: Political Science & Politics 38, no. 1 (2005): 101–2.  “Vernie Merze Tate (1905-1996),” by Robert Fikes, BlackPast, December 22, 2018. “Merze Tate,” St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. “Diplomatic Historian Merze Tate Dies At 91,” Washington Post, July 8, 1996. “Merze Tate College,” Western Michigan University. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The beginning of the Civil Rights Movement is often dated to sometime in the middle of the 1950s, but the roots of it stretch back much further. The NAACP, which calls itself “the nation's largest and most widely recognized civil rights organization,” was founded near the beginning of the 20th Century, on February 12, 1909. As today's guest demonstrates, though, Black Americans were exercising civil rights far earlier than that, in many cases even before the Civil War.  Joining me in this episode is Dr. Dylan C. Penningroth is a professor of law and history and Associate Dean of the Program in Jurisprudence and Social Policy at the University of California–Berkeley and author of Before the Movement: The Hidden History of Black Civil Rights. Our theme song is Frogs Legs Rag, composed by James Scott and performed by Kevin MacLeod, licensed under Creative Commons. The mid-episode music is “Hopeful Piano,” by Oleg Kyrylkovv, available via the Pixabay license. The episode image is “Spectators and witnesses on second day of Superior Court during trial of automobile accident case during court week in Granville County Courthouse, Oxford, North Carolina,” by Marion Post Wolcott, photographed in 1939; the photograph is in the public domain and available via the Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division, Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black-and-White Negatives. Additional Sources: “8 Key Laws That Advanced Civil Rights,” by Mehrunnisa Wani, History.com, January 26, 2022. “The Reconstruction Amendments: Official Documents as Social History,” by Eric Foner, The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. “(1865) Reconstruction Amendments, 1865-1870,” BlackPast. “14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Civil Rights (1868),” U.S. National Archives. “March 27, 1866: Veto Message on Civil Rights Legislation,” Andrew Johnson, UVA Miller Center. “Andrew Johnson and the veto of the Civil Rights Bill,” National Park Service. “Grant signs KKK Act into law, April 20, 1871,” by Andrew Glass, Politico, April 20, 2019. “Looking back at the Ku Klux Klan Act,” by Nicholas Mosvick, National Constitution Center, April 20, 2021. “Reconstruction and Its Aftermath,” Library of Congress The African American Odyssey: A Quest for Full Citizenship. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Source: BlackPast, B. (2007, January 24). (1852) Frederick Douglass, “What, To The Slave, Is The Fourth Of July”. BlackPast.org. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/speeches-african-american-history/1852-frederick-douglass-what-slave-fourth-july/  

Sarah L. Sanderson is a writer, speaker, and teacher who believes in the life-giving freedom found in radical honesty. Her work has appeared at PBS NewsHour, Blackpast, Christianity Today, Fathom, The Unmooring, Christ and Pop Culture, The Other Journal, Motherly, Relief, Stark and Main, and Brain, Child, among others. She is also a monthly contributor to Three-Fifths. She studied English and Philosophy at Wheaton College, and holds a Master in Teaching degree from Seattle University and a Master of Fine Arts in Creative Nonfiction from Seattle Pacific University. As a creative writing teacher, she has worked with every age, from preschool through adults. Her first book, The Place We Make: Breaking the Legacy of Legalized Hate, releases August 15, 2023 from WaterBrook. ‍Find her on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook, or stay in touch via her somewhat irregular email newsletter.

Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. became the first African-American general in the US Army on 25th October, 1940 - despite facing opposition from those who saw his appointment as political opportunism, whilst Roosevelt wooed the ‘negro vote'. Despite facing racial discrimination throughout his career, Davis had a deep connection to the military, serving in various roles and campaigns, including the Spanish American War, and had been mentored by Lieutenant Charles Young, the only other black officer at the time.  In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly explain why Davis's date of birth is a question of debate; explain how Davis's son went on to have a military career that echoed the discrimination and successes of his father's; and trace the history of black soldiers' involvement in the US Army since the country's foundation…  Further Reading: • ‘Benjamin O. Davis Sr. (1877-1970)' (Blackpast, 2017): https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/davis-sr-benjamin-o-1877-1970-2/ • ‘Benjamin Oliver Davis, Sr' (U.S. Army Center of Military History, 2021):  https://history.army.mil/html/topics/afam/davis.html • ‘Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. - First African American to command a Brigade' (Pritzker Military Museum & Library, 2023): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f9FuPcYctBo Love the show? Join

Episode 054 - Knowing the Past to Make a Better Future (With Sarah Sanderson) Do you know the hidden history of the place where you live? If we want to be part of God's work of bringing restoration and liberation, we can't ignore what's happened in the past. Telling this truth is the only way to get to healing. Show Notes Get Sarah's book: The Place We Make: Breaking the Legacy of Legalized Hate Other Books Mentioned: Reparations: A Christian Call for Repentance and Repair by Duke Kwon & Greg Thompson The Color of Compromise: The Truth about the American Church's Complicity in Racism by Jemar Tisby Dear White Peacemakers: Dismantling Racism with Grit and Grace by Osheta Moore Scroll down for a full transcript of this episode. You can also watch and share the video version on Youtube. More about My Conversation Partner Sarah L. Sanderson is a writer, speaker, and teacher. Her writing has appeared in PBS Newshour, Blackpast, Christianity Today, and various other journals. She's a thoughtful human, a justice-minded Christian, and a skilled writer. Find Sarah at www.SarahLSanderson.com Threads: @sarahlsandersonwriter Facebook: sarah.sanderson Instagram: @sarahlsandersonwriter Today's Sponsor The Apprenticehip Notes Newsletter - Monthly-ish writing just for you on spiritual growth in the other-centered, co-suffering way of Jesus. Transcription Marc Schelske 0:00Do you know the hidden history of the place where you live? If we want to be part of God's work to bring restoration and liberation, we can't ignore what's happened in the past, as much as we'd like to. Telling this truth is the only way to get to healing. Hey, friends, I'm Marc Alan Schelske, and this is The Apprenticeship Way, a podcast about spiritual growth following the way of Jesus. This is episode 54. Knowing the past to make a better future. THIS WEEK'S SPONSOR Before we start, I'd like to tell you about Apprenticeship Notes. Apprenticeship Notes is my new email newsletter. What is this? Why should you subscribe? Why on earth would you want one more newsletter in your inbox? I'm glad you asked. Social media has just stopped working well for many people. Our social media feeds used to be spaces where we had some control. We could choose to follow people who are interesting to us. We could connect with friends, we could learn from the experience and wisdom of other people. For well more than 10 years, my social media feeds, particularly Twitter, were a significant benefit to me, especially as a writer. But nowadays, in most cases our social media feeds are filled with ads, sponsored posts that are ads but don't look like ads, and influencers trying to sell us on their latest master course. And even when we find and follow the people we want to hear more from, the black-box algorithms determine whether or not we get to see what they have to say. And usually what the algorithm shows us is just stuff that gets us ramped up. That means more anger, more division. It's a mess. I've been slowly transitioning away from using social media as the main avenue for communicating about my writing. It's really scary. I can't even express to you how big of a change this is. At one point I had 35,000 followers on Twitter, I could reliably post a new blog and around a thousand people would see it. But that's not true any longer and it hasn't been for a while. And so I decided to begin building a different kind of space where I could write, encourage people, and serve folks who want to grow spiritually and value the writing that I do. The first step of this new plan is my newsletter. It's called Apprenticeship Notes because the spiritual life, following the way of Jesus, is something you learn by doing. This newsletter comes out monthly. OK, honestly, monthly-ish, probably about nine to 10 times a year. So what will you find if you subscribe? Well, each edition starts with Today's Note,

Source: Angelina Grimké Weld, “Speech in Pennsylvania Hall”. (1838) BlackPast.org. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/1838-angelina-grimke-weld-speech-pennsylvania-hall-2/  

In October 1993, Thurgood Marshall School of Law student Dawn Williams vanished without so much as a trace. Fellow students, friends, and family searched everywhere but no clues were found. Houston Police, too, failed to find anything at all. The following month, a crew cleaning trash from an area in rural Montgomery County found the 25-year-old women's body buried in a shallow grave, partially unearthed by animals. Police, and especially Dawn's father, had a good idea what happened to her and who did it, but evidence has eluded investigators for 30 years. This re-recorded episode features updated information previously unavailable.If you have any information about the murder of Helen Dawn Williams, please call HPD's Cold Case Unit at 713-308-3618 or to remain anonymous and collect a reward, contact Crime Stoppers of Houston at 713-222-8477Please consider donating to the go fund me for Leon Laureles. You can find it at: gofundme.com/f/leon-laureles-private-detective-and-memorialYou can support gone cold and listen ad-free at patreon.com/gonecoldpodcast Find us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram by using @gonecoldpodcast and on YouTube at: youtube.com/c/gonecoldpodcastThe Houston Chronicle, KHOU Houston, Blackpast.org, The Texas Observer, and the Houston press were used as sources for this episode#JusticeForHelenDawnWilliams #Houston #HoustonTX #ThirdWard #HarrisCountyTX #Texas #TX #TexasTrueCrime #GoneCold #GoneColdPodcast #ColdCase #Unsolved #Murder #UnsolvedMurder #Homicide #UnsolvedMysteries #TrueCrime #TrueCrimePodcast #PodcastThis show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/3203003/advertisement

Feliks Banel's guests on this SUMMERTIME EDITION of CASCADE OF HISTORY are Olympia Beer historian Megan Ockerman; and historian, author and UW Professor Emeritus Quintard Taylor, founder of BlackPast.org. Both interviews are from the archives of COLUMBIA CONVERSATIONS, for which Feliks was the founding producer and host. This SUMMERTIME EDITION broadcast of CASCADE OF HISTORY was originally presented at 8pm Pacific Time on Sunday, August 6, 2023 via SPACE 101.1 FM and streaming via www.space101fm.org from studios at historic Magnuson Park – formerly Sand Point Naval Air Station - on the shores of Lake Washington in Seattle.

In the early 20th century, career options for Black workers were limited, and the jobs often came with low pay and poor conditions. Ironically, because they were concentrated in certain jobs, Black workers  sometimes monopolized those jobs and had collective power to demand better conditions and higher pay. The Pullman Company, founded in 1862, hired only Black men to serve as porters on Pullman cars, since George M. Pullman thought that formerly enslaved men would know how to be good, invisible servants and that they would work for low wages. In 1925, the Pullman Porters formed their own union, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, with A. Philip Randolph serving as president. After years of struggle, in 1935, the Pullman Company finally recognized the union, and it was granted a charter by the American Federation of Labor (AFL), making the Brotherhood the first Black union it accepted.  Joining me in this episode to help us learn about the Black working class is historian Dr. Blair L. M. Kelley, the Joel R. Williamson Distinguished Professor of Southern Studies at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and the incoming director of the Center for the Study of the American South and author of Black Folk: The Roots of the Black Working Class. Our theme song is Frogs Legs Rag, composed by James Scott and performed by Kevin MacLeod, licensed under Creative Commons. The mid-episode music is “Pullman Porter Blues,” music and lyrics by Clifford Ulrich and Burton Hamilton; performed by Clarence Williams on September 30, 1921; the recording is in the public domain.The episode image is: “J.W. Mays, Pullman car porter,” photographed by C.M. Bell, 1894; the photograph is in the public domain and available via the Library of Congress. Additional Sources: “George Pullman: His Impact on the Railroad Industry, Labor, and American Life in the Nineteenth Century,” by Rosanne Lichatin,” History Resources, The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History.  “The Rise and Fall of the Sleeping Car King,” by Jack Kelly, Smithsonian Magazine, January 11, 2019. “The Pullman Strike, by Richard Schneirov, Northern Illinois University Digital Library. “Pullman Porters,” History.com, Originally published February 11, 2019, and updated October 8, 2021. “The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters,” by Brittany Hutchinson, Chicago History Museum. “Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (1925-1978),” by Daren Salter, BlackPast, November 24, 2007. “A. Philip Randolph Was Once “the Most Dangerous Negro in America,” by Peter Dreier, Jacobin, January 31, 2023. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In 1894, Mary P. Evans, wrote in the Woman's Era, a Black women's magazine, that exercise: “enables you to keep in the best condition for work with the hands or with the brain… It prepares you to meet disappointment, sorrow, ill treatment, and great suffering as the strong, courageous and splendid woman meets them. It is a great aid to clear, quick, and right thinking.” She wasn't the only Black woman of the day encouraging Black women and girls to exercise as a way of improving not just themselves but also the whole race. Despite the lack of facilities and obstacles in their way, Black women and girls aspired to physical fitness. In 2010, Michelle Obama, the first Black First Lady of the United States echoed Mary P. Evans, encouraging everyone to pursue physical fitness with the “Let's Move” campaign.  Joining me in this episode is Dr. Ava Purkiss, assistant professor of women's and gender studies and American culture at the University of Michigan and author of Fit Citizens: A History of Black Women's Exercise from Post-Reconstruction to Postwar America. Our theme song is Frogs Legs Rag, composed by James Scott and performed by Kevin MacLeod, licensed under Creative Commons. The mid-episode music is Sunburst Rag, composed by James Scott and performed by Nesrality from Pixabay and is used via the Pixabay Content License.The episode image is “Atlanta University, Founder's Day Drill,” from The Harmon Foundation Collection: Kenneth Space Photographs of the Activities of Southern Black Americans and available in the public domain via the National Archives (NAID: 26174852; Local ID: H-HS-2-214). Additional Sources: “First Lady Michelle Obama Launches Let's Move: America's Move to Raise a Healthier Generation of Kids,” White House Press Release, February 9, 2010. “African Americans and the YMCA (Archives and Special Collections),” University of Minnesota LIbraries. “A Brief History Of Diversity And Inclusion At The Y,” The YMCA of San Diego County, July 27, 2017. “Our History,” Boston University College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College. “Olivia A. Davidson (1854-1889),” by Nana Lawson Bush, BlackPast, January 19, 2007. “Physical Education Pioneer Maryrose Reeves Allen Dies,” The Washington Post, January 17, 1992. “The 'Hidden Figures' of Physical Education: Black Women Who Paved the Way in PE,” by Tara B. Blackshear and Brian Culp, Momentum magazine, co-authors, February 15, 2022. “Addressing Racism In The Fitness Industry Requires Understanding Its Roots,” by Rodney J. Morris and Pamela Kufahl, Club Industry, October 6, 2020. “A healthful legacy: Michelle Obama looks to the future of ‘Let's Move,'” by Krissah Thompson and Tim Carman, The Washington Post, May 3, 2015. Tweet by Michele Obama as First Lady, May 19, 2015.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A. Philip Randolph was a key figure in the history of Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. But that was just one effort in a lifetime of activism for racial equality. Research: "A. Philip Randolph." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, Gale, 1998. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631005446/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=a02165a4. Accessed 10 May 2023. AFL-CIO. “A. Philip Randolph.” https://aflcio.org/about/history/labor-history-people/asa-philip-randolph American Experience. “A. Philip Randolph.” From Marcus Garvey: Look for Me in the Whirlwind. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/garvey-philip-randolph/ American Friends Service Committee. “Honoring A. Philip Randolph, a leader in the March on Washington.” 9/3/2020. https://afsc.org/news/honoring-philip-randolph-leader-march-washington Bishop, M. (2017, June 11). Lucille Campbell Green Randolph (1883-1963). BlackPast.org. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/randolph-lucille-campbell-green-1883-1963/ Bracey, John H. Jr. and “August Meier. “Allies or Adversaries?: The NAACP, A. Philip Randolph and the 1941 March on Washington.” The Georgia Historical Quarterly , Spring 1991, Vol. 75, No. 1. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40582270 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "A. Philip Randolph". Encyclopedia Britannica, 12 May. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/A-Philip-Randolph. Accessed 12 May 2023. Bynum, Cornelius. “A Philip Randolph and the Struggle for Civil Rights.” University of Illinois Press. 2010. Green, James R. “A. Philip Randolph and Boston's African-American Railroad Worker.” Trotter Review. Vol. 6, Issue 2. 9/21/1992. http://scholarworks.umb.edu/trotter_review Hill, Norman. "A. Philip Randolph. (Labor)." Social Policy, vol. 32, no. 4, summer 2002, pp. 9+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A90747203/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=f45caf0e. Accessed 10 May 2023. Marable, Manning. “A. Philip Randolph and the Foundations of Black American Socialism.” From Workers' Struggles, Past and Present, edited by James Green. Temple University Press. Prescod, Paul. “You Should Know More About A. Philip Randolph, One of America's Greatest Socialists.” Jacobin. 5/23/2020. https://jacobin.com/2020/05/a-philip-randolph-socialist-civil-rights-march-bscp "Randolph, A. Philip." Development of the Industrial U.S. Reference Library, edited by Sonia G. Benson, et al., vol. 2: Biographies, UXL, 2006, pp. 182-192. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3442000053/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=643ce2c8. Accessed 10 May 2023. Randolph, A. Philip, "Letter from A. Philip Randolph, International President of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters to Fiorello La Guardia, Mayor of New York City," 5 June 1941. Courtesy of National Archives. https://iowaculture.gov/history/education/educator-resources/primary-source-sets/protest-america/letter-philip-randolph-to See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In 1936, Victor Hugo Green published the first edition of what he called The Negro Motorist Green Book, a 16-page listing of businesses in the New York metropolitan area that would welcome African American customers. By its final printing in 1966, the Green Book had gone international, with a 100-page book that included not just friendly businesses throughout the United States but also hotels and resorts that would be safe for African American travelers in Canada, the Caribbean, Latin America, Europe, and Africa, along with a list of currency exchange rates.  Joining me this week to help us learn more about why African American travelers needed the Green Book and how Victor Green and his family created such an important and long-lasting publication is award-winning television and radio broadcaster and financial educator Alvin Hall, author of the new book, Driving the Green Book: A Road Trip Through the Living History of Black Resistance. Our theme song is Frogs Legs Rag, composed by James Scott and performed by Kevin MacLeod, licensed under Creative Commons. The musical interlude and music under the outro is: "Whiskey on the Mississippi," by Kevin MacLeod, licensed under Creative Commons by Attribution 4.0 License. The image is "The Travelers' Green Book: 1961," Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division, The New York Public Library. The New York Public Library Digital Collections. Additional Sources: “Navigating The Green Book,” Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library. “How the Green Book Helped African-American Tourists Navigate a Segregated Nation,” by Jacinda Townsend, Smithsonian Magazine, April 2016. “The Green Book: The Black Travelers' Guide to Jim Crow America,” by Evan Andews, History.com, March 13, 2019. “Traveling While Black: The Green Book's Black History,” by Brent Staples, The New York Times, January 25, 2019. “A look inside the Green Book, which guided Black travelers through a segregated and hostile America,” by George Petras and Janet Loehrke, USA Today, February 19, 2021. “The Movie Green Book Is Named for a Real Guide to Travel in a Segregated World. Its Real History Offers a Key Lesson for Today,” by Arica L. Coleman, Time Magazine, November 17, 2018. “The Long-Lasting Legacy of the Great Migration,” by Isabel Wilkerson, Smithsonian Magazine, September 2016. “Sundown Towns,” by Ross Coen, BlackPast, August 23, 2020. “Sundown Towns,” Tougaloo College. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This abandoned lodge in Gorongosa National Park in Mozambique has been reclaimed by local lions - a story deeply enmeshed in the larger history of the country.  READ MORE IN THE ATLAS: https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-lion-house-gorongosa-mozambiqueFurther Reading: S is for Samora (book by Sarah Lefanu)Let My People Go (poem by Noémia de Sousa)Apartheid's Contras: An Inquiry Into the Roots of War in Angola and Mozambique (pdf book by William Minter)The Mozambican Civil War (1977-1992) (article by Samuel Momodu, BlackPast.org)Mozambique History Net (Resource)A Year in Gorongosa (film by Augusto Bila, narrated by Gabriela Curtiz)In Mozambique, a Living Laboratory for Nature's Renewal (article by Natalie Angier, The New York Times)Narrative Fortresses: Crisis Narratives and Conflict in the Conservation of Mount Gorongosa, Mozambique (article by Christy Schuetze)White Man's Game: Saving Animals, Rebuilding Eden, and Other Myths of Conservation in Africa (book by Stephanie Hanes)

Days after the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., and after months of increasing tension on campus, the students at Tuskegee Institute in Alabama occupied a building on campus where the Trustees were meeting, demanding a number of reforms, including a role for students in college governance, the end of mandatory ROTC participation, athletic scholarships, African American studies curriculum, and a higher quality of instruction in engineering courses.  Joining me to tell the story of the Tuskegee student uprising is Dr. Brian Jones, Director of New York Public Library's Center for Educators and Schools and author of The Tuskegee Student Uprising: A History. Our theme song is Frogs Legs Rag, composed by James Scott and performed by Kevin MacLeod, licensed under Creative Commons. Photo credit:  The photo used for this episode comes from: http://sammyyoungejr.weebly.com/the-movement.html. Additional Sources: “The Overlooked History of a Student Uprising That Helped Institutionalize Black Studies in the U.S.,” by Olivia B. Waxman, Time, October 4, 2022. “History of Tuskegee University,” Tuskegee University. “Tuskegee Institute's Founding,” National Park Service. “Tuskegee Institute--Training Leaders,” African American Odyssey, Library of Congress “Tuskegee University (1881-),” by Allison O'Connor, Blackpast, October 27, 2009. “Booker T. Washington,” History.com, October 29, 2009. “The Tuskegee Student Uprising & Black education in America,” The Black Table, S1 E38. “Tuskegee Halts All its Classes; Tells Students to Go Home – Acts After Protests,” The New York Times, April 9, 1968. “The Moral Force of the Black University,” by Brian Jones, The Chronicle of Higher Education, November 3, 2022. “Jan. 3, 1966: Sammy Younge Jr. Murdered,” Zinn Education Project. “Nov. 14, 1960: Gomillion v. Lightfoot,” Zinn Education Project. Sammy L. Younge, Jr.: The First Black College Student To Die In The Black Liberation Movement Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Turning Tides: Italian Footsteps will detail the hundred years of political manipulation and war from 1796 to 1896 which led to the formation of Italy. The third episode, After the Fall, will cover the disastrous First War of Italian Independence and its traumatic effect on the collective Italian psyche.If you'd like to donate or sponsor the podcast, our PayPal is @TurningTidesPodcast1. Thank you for your support!Produced by Melissa Marie Brown and Joseph Pascone in affiliation with AntiKs Entertainment.Researched and written by Joseph PasconeEdited and revised by Melissa Marie BrownIntro and Outro created by Melissa Marie Brown and Joseph Pascone using Motion ArrayIG/YouTube/Facebook: @theturningtidespodcastTwitter: @turningtidespodEmail: theturningtidespodcast@gmail.comIG/YouTube/Facebook/Twitter/TikTok: @antiksentEmail: antiksent@gmail.comEpisode 3 Sources:The Force of Destiny: A History of Italy since 1796, by Christopher DugganModern Italy: A Political History, by Denis Mack SmithThe Risorgimento and the Unification of Italy: Second Edition, by Derek Beales and Eugenio F. BiaginiFrom Peoples into Nations: A History of Eastern Europe, by John ConnellyThe Harper Encyclopedia of Military History: From 3500 B.C. to the Present: Fourth Edition, by R. Ernest Dupuy and Trevor N. DupuyA Concise History of Italy: Second Edition, by Christopher DugganRadetzky's Marches: The Campaigns of 1848 and 1849 in Upper Italy, by Michael EmbreeArmies of the Italian Wars of Unification 1848-70 (1): Piedmont and the Two Sicilies, by Gabriele EspositoGaribaldi: An autobiography, by Giuseppe Garibaldi and Alexandre DumasGaribaldi's Defence of the Roman Republic: 1848-49, by G. M. TrevelyanAndrea Aguyar (A.K.A. Andrea Aquyar and Andrea Il Moro), 1810?-1849, by Robert Fikes for Blackpast.org on July 30, 2018Wikipedia

It's a shorter, swear-free version of the wonderful Genealogy episode with author Stephen Hanks -- who teaches genealogy classes in Portland, Oregon and has contributed to PBS genealogy documentaries. We chat histories, mysteries, memories and families, plus what ignited his passion for learning about his own history. Also: how to find your family through census records, county archives, and death certificates; which DNA tests he's taken; our most recent common ancestor; and whether or not he wears a detective cape. Stephen Hanks books: “Three Brothers — 1626,” “1619 -- Twenty Africans,” and “Akee Tree”Publisher: Inkwater PressA donation went to BlackPast.orgMore Smologies episodesFull length Genealogy (FAMILY HISTORY) episode + links hereSponsors of OlogiesBecome a patron of Ologies for as little as a buck a monthOlogiesMerch.com has hats, shirts, masks, totes!Follow @Ologies on Twitter and InstagramFollow @AlieWard on Twitter and InstagramSound editing by Steven Ray Morris, Mercedes Maitland and Jarrett Sleeper of MindJam MediaExtra help from Noel Dilworth, Susan Hale, Kelly Dwyer, Emily White, & Erin TalbertSmologies theme song by Harold Malcolm

How did Black America help birth a nation? In this special episode of the Black Is America podcast, we explore the story of the known patriots like Crispus Attucks and also some of the lesser-known ones like Peter Salem and Salem Poor. We also make the case why the 4th of July is very important to Black America.  In this episode, you will hear: How George Washington felt about enslaved black people serving in the Continental Army Why Crispus Attucks was in the front of the crowd at the Boston Massacre  How Black America saved soldiers a Valley Forge  Sources to create this episode come from History.com, Blackpast.com, Battlefield.org, and National Park Service at nationalparkservice.gov. Scenes from Good Times are courtesy of Tandem Productions and Sony Pictures Television.

Episode 54.  Juneteenth celebrates the day that the last of the slaves in this country were freed. It is truly a day for all of us to celebrate!In honor of the upcoming Juneteenth celebration, Normal Lies is replaying episode 16, The White and the Black of it, with Michelle Wescott. Michelle and Linda discuss topics from Linda's perspective as a white woman and Michelle's perspective as a black woman. Michelle and Linda discuss:how they each relate to the term "melting pot"  as a description of our country. terms like Hispanic, Latino, Latinx, how to know what  the right term is to use and the simple practice that Michelle uncovered that we can all begin using right now! and, Linda offers important information EVERY US citizen should know about the Juneteenth holiday.  For more information about Juneteenth, go to BlackPast.org. When you do, please leave a donation. What came up for you as a result of this conversation?  Let Linda know by going to Normal-Lies.com and leave a review.  Linda reads every one and every month, she chooses one review to read on air.  Who knows, she may choose yours!If you have a question or a topic you'd like addressed on an upcoming episode, go to Normal-Lies.com and click the contact page to send Linda a message. Or, click on the microphone icon at the bottom right of the page to leave a voicemail. For information about coaching with Linda or to set up a coaching consultation go to LiveInspiredLifeCoaching.com.Be sure to follow Linda on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Linked In.

Tanya talks to Dr. Quintard Taylor, founder of BlackPast.org, about filling in the gaps of history.

Tanya talks to Dr. Quintard Taylor, founder of BlackPast.org, about filling in the gaps of history.

It's time for some positive news and I hope you're ready because today's episode is all about The Chicago Defender and its founder, Robert S. Abbott. (07:42) To keep learning, check out: Noire Histoir podcast Demond Does podcast BlackPast.org

It's time for episode 26! In this episode, we both cover different warrior women. The first, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, was a warrior of the pen and the second, were the (possible?) female Viking warriors known as shield maidens. This episode is all about the laaaaaadies... *~*~*~*~*~*~ The Socials! Email -- hightailinghistorypod@gmail.com Instagram -- @hightailinghistory Facebook -- Hightailing Through History or with user name @hightailinghistory *~*~*~*~*~*~ Source Materials: Ida B. Wells-Barnett-- biography.com editors. “Ida B. Wells.” Biography.com, A&E Networks Television, 6 Jan. 2021, https://www.biography.com/activist/ida-b-wells. Mahon, Elizabeth Kerri. “Ida B. Wells-Barnett.” Scandalous Women: The Lives and Loves of History's Most Notorious Women, TarcherPerigee, an Imprint of Penguin Random House LLC, New York, NY, 2016, pp. 146–153. Norwood, Arlisha R. “Ida B. Wells-Barnett.” National Women's History Museum, 2017, https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/ida-b-wells-barnett. Steptoe, Tyina. “Ida Wells-Barnett (1862-1931) •.” Ida Wells-Barnett (1862-1931), Blackpast.org, 6 May 2020, https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/barnett-ida-wells-1862-1931/. Shield Maidens-- AnnaLouise. “Did Shield Maidens like 'Vikings' Lagertha Really Exist?” Asgard, 1 Feb. 2019, https://www.asgard.scot/blog/2019/02/did-shieldmaidens-like-vikings-lagertha-and-norsemens-fr%C3%B8ya-really-exist. Debutify. “Did Viking Shield Maidens Really Exist?” VikingsBrand, https://www.vikingsbrand.co/blogs/norse-news/vikings-shield-maiden. Dimuro, Gina. “Viking Herstory: How Viking Shieldmaidens like Hervor Forged Their Own Legends.” All That's Interesting, All That's Interesting, 26 July 2019, https://allthatsinteresting.com/viking-shieldmaidens. Google Search, Google, https://www.google.com/search?q=where%2Bis%2Bbirka%2Blocated&client=ms-android-tmus-us-revc&sxsrf=APq-WBvDGSMmQ9hvNOns9TXjktnI-q8J5w%3A1644200142427&ei=zoAAYo2jGcCmptQPra-6oA0&oq=where%2Bis%2Bbirka%2Blocated&gs_lcp=ChNtb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1zZXJwEAMyBAgjECcyAggAOgcIIxCwAxAnOgUIABCwAzoHCCMQsAIQJ0oECEEYAVDEFliCMWDFPWgAcAB4AIABbYgB9gSSAQM2LjGYAQCgAQHIAQLAAQE&sclient=mobile-gws-wiz-serp. “Shieldmaidens: Myth or Reality?” World, http://www.worldtreeproject.org/exhibits/show/miscon/shieldmaidens --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/laurel-rockall/message

It's time for episode 26! In this episode, we both cover different warrior women. The first, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, was a warrior of the pen and the second, were the (possible?) female Viking warriors known as shield maidens. This episode is all about the laaaaaadies... *~*~*~*~*~*~ The Socials! Email -- hightailinghistorypod@gmail.com Instagram -- @hightailinghistory Facebook -- Hightailing Through History or with user name @hightailinghistory *~*~*~*~*~*~ Source Materials: Ida B. Wells-Barnett-- biography.com editors. “Ida B. Wells.” Biography.com, A&E Networks Television, 6 Jan. 2021, https://www.biography.com/activist/ida-b-wells. Mahon, Elizabeth Kerri. “Ida B. Wells-Barnett.” Scandalous Women: The Lives and Loves of History's Most Notorious Women, TarcherPerigee, an Imprint of Penguin Random House LLC, New York, NY, 2016, pp. 146–153. Norwood, Arlisha R. “Ida B. Wells-Barnett.” National Women's History Museum, 2017, https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/ida-b-wells-barnett. Steptoe, Tyina. “Ida Wells-Barnett (1862-1931) •.” Ida Wells-Barnett (1862-1931), Blackpast.org, 6 May 2020, https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/barnett-ida-wells-1862-1931/. Shield Maidens-- AnnaLouise. “Did Shield Maidens like 'Vikings' Lagertha Really Exist?” Asgard, 1 Feb. 2019, https://www.asgard.scot/blog/2019/02/did-shieldmaidens-like-vikings-lagertha-and-norsemens-fr%C3%B8ya-really-exist. Debutify. “Did Viking Shield Maidens Really Exist?” VikingsBrand, https://www.vikingsbrand.co/blogs/norse-news/vikings-shield-maiden. Dimuro, Gina. “Viking Herstory: How Viking Shieldmaidens like Hervor Forged Their Own Legends.” All That's Interesting, All That's Interesting, 26 July 2019, https://allthatsinteresting.com/viking-shieldmaidens. Google Search, Google, https://www.google.com/search?q=where%2Bis%2Bbirka%2Blocated&client=ms-android-tmus-us-revc&sxsrf=APq-WBvDGSMmQ9hvNOns9TXjktnI-q8J5w%3A1644200142427&ei=zoAAYo2jGcCmptQPra-6oA0&oq=where%2Bis%2Bbirka%2Blocated&gs_lcp=ChNtb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1zZXJwEAMyBAgjECcyAggAOgcIIxCwAxAnOgUIABCwAzoHCCMQsAIQJ0oECEEYAVDEFliCMWDFPWgAcAB4AIABbYgB9gSSAQM2LjGYAQCgAQHIAQLAAQE&sclient=mobile-gws-wiz-serp. “Shieldmaidens: Myth or Reality?” World, http://www.worldtreeproject.org/exhibits/show/miscon/shieldmaidens --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/laurel-rockall/message

Welcome to episode 24, the first episode of 2022! How do you feel about sports history? In this episode, the sisters have a haunted moment in KT's house and then KT wins the bottle, leaf, grinder and tells the story of the suspicious death of famed racehorse, Alydar. **Note: The defendants in this trial have not been charged in a wrongful death of the horse and have already served their time for other charges that have been brought during the course of the investigation. Our discussion around the circumstances of this case are either retold from articles covering this case or our own opinions and speculation. Afterwards, Laurel lifts the mood with the story of the The Harlem Globetrotters, who have been breaking racial and gender barriers in basketball, bringing joy for over 90 years, and still going strong today! Mentioned in the Stories: Affirmed v. Alydar in 10 Races Meadowlark Lemon Being Iconic Legends Circle Tour Schedule *~*~*~*~*~ The Socials! Email -- hightailinghistorypod@gmail.com Instagram -- @hightailinghistory Facebook -- Hightailing Through History or with user name @hightailinghistory *~*~*~*~*~*~ Source Materials: Alydar-- “Alydar.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 3 Jan. 2022, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alydar. Dixon, Tom. “Alydar's Final Hours.” Bloodhorse.com, 14 Nov. 2014, https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/features/alydars-final-hours-21207. “The Killing of Alydar.” Google, Google, https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.texasmonthly.com/articles/the-killing-of-alydar/amp/. “The Mysterious Death of a Champion Stallion.” Sports History Weekly, https://www.sportshistoryweekly.com/stories/triple-crown-alydar-affirm-calumet-farm-horse-racing-breeding,954 Harlem Globetrotters-- Blackfive.org Editors. “Savoy Big Five: The Black Fives Foundation.” The Black Fives Foundation | Make History Now!, 17 Oct. 2020, https://www.blackfives.org/savoy-big-five/. Carr, Taylor. “Harlem Globetrotters (1926- ) •.” Blackpast.org, Blackpast.org, 22 May 2009, https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/harlem-globetrotters-1926/. harlemglobetrotters.com editors. “About: Our History.” The Original Harlem Globetrotters, https://www.harlemglobetrotters.com/About. Johnson, Scott. “How the Harlem Globetrotters Changed the World.” Newsweek, Newsweek, 17 Feb. 2017, https://www.newsweek.com/history-harlem-globetrotters-basketball-555654. Klein, Christopher. “10 Things You May Not Know about the Harlem Globetrotters.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 5 May 2021, https://www.history.com/news/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-harlem-globetrotters. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/laurel-rockall/message

Welcome to episode 24, the first episode of 2022! How do you feel about sports history? In this episode, the sisters have a haunted moment in KT's house and then KT wins the bottle, leaf, grinder and tells the story of the suspicious death of famed racehorse, Alydar. **Note: The defendants in this trial have not been charged in a wrongful death of the horse and have already served their time for other charges that have been brought during the course of the investigation. Our discussion around the circumstances of this case are either retold from articles covering this case or our own opinions and speculation. Afterwards, Laurel lifts the mood with the story of the The Harlem Globetrotters, who have been breaking racial and gender barriers in basketball, bringing joy for over 90 years, and still going strong today! Mentioned in the Stories: Affirmed v. Alydar in 10 Races Meadowlark Lemon Being Iconic Legends Circle Tour Schedule *~*~*~*~*~ The Socials! Email -- hightailinghistorypod@gmail.com Instagram -- @hightailinghistory Facebook -- Hightailing Through History or with user name @hightailinghistory *~*~*~*~*~*~ Source Materials: Alydar-- “Alydar.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 3 Jan. 2022, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alydar. Dixon, Tom. “Alydar's Final Hours.” Bloodhorse.com, 14 Nov. 2014, https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/features/alydars-final-hours-21207. “The Killing of Alydar.” Google, Google, https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.texasmonthly.com/articles/the-killing-of-alydar/amp/. “The Mysterious Death of a Champion Stallion.” Sports History Weekly, https://www.sportshistoryweekly.com/stories/triple-crown-alydar-affirm-calumet-farm-horse-racing-breeding,954 Harlem Globetrotters-- Blackfive.org Editors. “Savoy Big Five: The Black Fives Foundation.” The Black Fives Foundation | Make History Now!, 17 Oct. 2020, https://www.blackfives.org/savoy-big-five/. Carr, Taylor. “Harlem Globetrotters (1926- ) •.” Blackpast.org, Blackpast.org, 22 May 2009, https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/harlem-globetrotters-1926/. harlemglobetrotters.com editors. “About: Our History.” The Original Harlem Globetrotters, https://www.harlemglobetrotters.com/About. Johnson, Scott. “How the Harlem Globetrotters Changed the World.” Newsweek, Newsweek, 17 Feb. 2017, https://www.newsweek.com/history-harlem-globetrotters-basketball-555654. Klein, Christopher. “10 Things You May Not Know about the Harlem Globetrotters.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 5 May 2021, https://www.history.com/news/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-harlem-globetrotters. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/laurel-rockall/message

HAPPY NEW YEAR! *cue confetti, streamers, mirror ball, high jinks...also...high and jinks* We're still celebrating the holiday season and this final episode of 2021 brings the stories of Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa and the Ashanti Uprising, also known as the War of the Golden Stool. Next, KT keeps the holiday feeling going with the legend of Krampus! Hope you weren't on the naughty list! Welcome to 2022, It Looks Good on You...With a Joint...or Two?....we're...workshopping a new slogan for 2022. (We'll keep at it.) *~*~*~*~*~*~ The Socials! Email -- hightailinghistorypod@gmail.com Instagram -- @hightailinghistory Facebook -- Hightailing Through History or with user name @hightailinghistory *~*~*~*~*~*~ Mentioned in the Stories: The Golden Stool (laid on its side with the golden bells gathered up on the chair it rests on) Krampusnacht Parade Video *~*~*~*~*~*~ Source Materials: Yaa Asantewaa-- Libertarianism.org, 31 July 2019, https://www.libertarianism.org/columns/african-heroes-freedom-queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-ejisu. Ewusi, Philip. “The Golden Stool (17th c.- ) .” The Golden Stool (17th c.- ) •, Blackpast.org, 20 Dec. 2019, https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/golden-stool-17th-c/. Korsah, Chantal. “Yaa Asantewaa.” Dangerous Women Project, The University of Edinburgh, 21 July 2016, https://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/. Quintana, Maria. “Ashanti Empire/ Asante Kingdom (18th to Late 19th Century) •.” Blackpast.org, Blackpast.org, 5 Sept. 2019, https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/ashanti-empire-asante-kingdom-18th-late-19th-century/. West, Racquel. “Yaa Asantewaa (Mid-1800s-1921) •.” Blackpast.org, Blackpast.org, 10 Oct. 2019, https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/yaa-asantewaa-mid-1800s-1921/. “Wonders of the African World - Episodes - Slave Kingdoms.” Edited by PBS.org Editors, PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, https://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi3/3_wondr1.htm. Krampus-- “Krampus.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., https://www.britannica.com/topic/Krampus. Magazine, Smithsonian. “The Origin of Krampus, Europe's Evil Twist on Santa.” Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 4 Dec. 2015, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/krampus-could-come-you-holiday-season-180957438/. “Meet Krampus, the Christmas Devil Who Punishes Naughty Children.” Google, Google, https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.history.com/.amp/news/krampus-christmas-legend-origin. “The Truth behind the Legend of Krampus, Austria's Creepiest Holiday Tradition.” Google, Google, https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.thetravel.com/is-krampus-a-true-story/amp/. “Who Is Krampus? Explaining Santa Claus's Scary Christmas Counterpart.” Google, Google, https://www.google.com/amp/s/api.nationalgeographic.com/distribution/public/amp/history/article/131217-krampus-christmas-santa-devil --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/laurel-rockall/message

HAPPY NEW YEAR! *cue confetti, streamers, mirror ball, high jinks...also...high and jinks* We're still celebrating the holiday season and this final episode of 2021 brings the stories of Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa and the Ashanti Uprising, also known as the War of the Golden Stool. Next, KT keeps the holiday feeling going with the legend of Krampus! Hope you weren't on the naughty list! Welcome to 2022, It Looks Good on You...With a Joint...or Two?....we're...workshopping a new slogan for 2022. (We'll keep at it.) *~*~*~*~*~*~ The Socials! Email -- hightailinghistorypod@gmail.com Instagram -- @hightailinghistory Facebook -- Hightailing Through History or with user name @hightailinghistory *~*~*~*~*~*~ Mentioned in the Stories: The Golden Stool (laid on its side with the golden bells gathered up on the chair it rests on) Krampusnacht Parade Video *~*~*~*~*~*~ Source Materials: Yaa Asantewaa-- Libertarianism.org, 31 July 2019, https://www.libertarianism.org/columns/african-heroes-freedom-queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-ejisu. Ewusi, Philip. “The Golden Stool (17th c.- ) .” The Golden Stool (17th c.- ) •, Blackpast.org, 20 Dec. 2019, https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/golden-stool-17th-c/. Korsah, Chantal. “Yaa Asantewaa.” Dangerous Women Project, The University of Edinburgh, 21 July 2016, https://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/. Quintana, Maria. “Ashanti Empire/ Asante Kingdom (18th to Late 19th Century) •.” Blackpast.org, Blackpast.org, 5 Sept. 2019, https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/ashanti-empire-asante-kingdom-18th-late-19th-century/. West, Racquel. “Yaa Asantewaa (Mid-1800s-1921) •.” Blackpast.org, Blackpast.org, 10 Oct. 2019, https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/yaa-asantewaa-mid-1800s-1921/. “Wonders of the African World - Episodes - Slave Kingdoms.” Edited by PBS.org Editors, PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, https://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi3/3_wondr1.htm. Krampus-- “Krampus.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., https://www.britannica.com/topic/Krampus. Magazine, Smithsonian. “The Origin of Krampus, Europe's Evil Twist on Santa.” Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 4 Dec. 2015, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/krampus-could-come-you-holiday-season-180957438/. “Meet Krampus, the Christmas Devil Who Punishes Naughty Children.” Google, Google, https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.history.com/.amp/news/krampus-christmas-legend-origin. “The Truth behind the Legend of Krampus, Austria's Creepiest Holiday Tradition.” Google, Google, https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.thetravel.com/is-krampus-a-true-story/amp/. “Who Is Krampus? Explaining Santa Claus's Scary Christmas Counterpart.” Google, Google, https://www.google.com/amp/s/api.nationalgeographic.com/distribution/public/amp/history/article/131217-krampus-christmas-santa-devil --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/laurel-rockall/message

Adrianne Reynolds had a tumultuous childhood. But when she turned 16, she moved to East Moline, Illinois to live with her adoptive father and stepmother, and it seemed that Adrianne was on steady ground. She began working toward her GED at Black Hawk College Outreach Center, got a job at a fast food chain, and did chores around the house. She even made a few friends. At least, she thought they were her friends. Then Kristin tells us about the first court-ordered integration of a public school in the South. Black students had limited options in Clifton, Tennessee. The local school for black students lacked the resources of the white students' public school. Plus, it only taught children through the eighth grade. If a black student in Clifton wanted to attend middle or high school, they had to be bussed to a school in Knoxville. On top of that, their parents had to pay tuition. To add insult to injury, most of the black folks in Clifton lived just a few yards away from Clifton High School. So, in 1950, a brave group of black students and their families fought the local school board for their right to equal education. And now for a note about our process. For each episode, Kristin reads a bunch of articles, then spits them back out in her very limited vocabulary. Brandi copies and pastes from the best sources on the web. And sometimes Wikipedia. (No shade, Wikipedia. We love you.) We owe a huge debt of gratitude to the real experts who covered these cases. In this episode, Kristin pulled from: The documentary, “The Clinton 12” “The Clinton Desegregation Crisis,” Blackpast.org “Clinton Desegregation Crisis,” by Carroll Van West for Tennessee Encyclopedia “The Clinton High School Desegregation Case,” by Linda T. Wynn for the Nashville Conference on African American History and Culture “Forgotten Heroes: Lessons from School Integration in a Small Southern Community,” by Whitney Elizabeth Cate for East Tennessee State University In this episode, Brandi pulled from: “Sarah Kolb” episode Snapped “Circle of Friends” episode Dateline “Sarah Kolb Part 1” True Crime Family: Killer Profile, podcast episode “Sarah Kolb Part 2” True Crime Family: Killer Profile, podcast episode “Sarah Anne Kolb” murderpedia.org YOU'RE STILL READING? My, my, my, you skeezy scunch! You must be hungry for more! We'd offer you some sausage brunch, but that gets messy. So how about you head over to our Patreon instead? (patreon.com/lgtcpodcast). At the $5 level, you'll get 25+ full length bonus episodes, plus access to our 90's style chat room!  

I sat down with Prof John H. McClendon to discuss his philosophical appraisal of Black Theology/Christology and materialist critique of its claim of authenticity. We discuss how he became interested in the topic through study of Howard Thurman, the relationship between Black Theology and African American theology that preceded it, and the shift from a focus on racism and its attendant structures to whiteness. We also discuss his engagement with and critique of Professor James Cone and the implications he sees in making God dependant on Blackness and Blackness dependant on white oppression. Finally we discuss the whole problem of claiming the existence of an "authentic Christianity" independent of the Christianity we've got. Buy the Book Also, toward the end Prof McClendon discusses African American Philosophers and Philosophy, buy that here. Dr. John H. McClendon III is a Professor in the Department of Philosophy at Michigan State University. His areas of interests include: African American philosophers and philosophical traditions; African philosophy, Marxism, philosophy of sports and the African American experience; philosophy of religion and African Americans. In addition to numerous scholarly articles, book chapters, research reports, bibliographic essays, and biographical entries; McClendon is the author of the following books, African American Philosophers and Philosophy: An Introduction to the History, Concepts, and Contemporary Issues —co-authored with Dr. Stephen C. Ferguson II (Bloomsbury Publishers (2019); Black Christology and the Quest for Authenticity: A Philosophical Appraisal (Lexington Books, 2019); Philosophy of Religion and the African American Experience: Conversations with My Christian Friends (Brill/Rodopi, 2017), Beyond the White Shadow: Philosophy, Sports, and the African-American Experience, co-authored with Dr. Stephen C. Ferguson II (Kendall Hunt, 2012); C. L. R. James's Notes on Dialectics: Left-Hegelianism or Marxism-Leninism (Lexington Books, 2005). McClendon is the former Co-editor of the American Philosophical Association Newsletter on Philosophy of the Black Experience, and presently Co-Editor of the African American Philosophy Series for Brill Publishers; Consulting Editor of the Journal of the American Philosophical Association; Advisory Board Member of Blackpast.Org; member of the Editorial Advisory Board of the journal, Cultural Logic and serves on the Editorial Board of the Journal on African Philosophy. Find more episodes: www.loverinserepeat.com Follow the Show on Twitter: @RinseRepeatPod // Follow me: @liammiller87 Love Rinse Repeat is supported by Uniting Mission and Education, part of the Uniting Church in Australia Synod of NSW/ACT.

Ready for some old timey Meghan Markle vibes? Unfortunately, America has its own homegrown case. Back in the day, the Rhinelander name was synonymous with success. The Rhinelanders were as wealthy as they were well connected. They were American royalty. But the Rhinelander family was rocked by scandal when Leonard “Kip” Rhinelander had the audacity to fall in love with a working class woman of color named Alice Jones.  Then Brandi tells us a story that, on the surface, seems pretty straightforward. On February 16, 1981, Arne Cheyenne Johnson killed Alan Bono. That can't be debated. But what can be debated is why Arne killed Alan. According to Arne's defense attorney, the murder wasn't Arne's fault. The devil made him do it. And now for a note about our process. For each episode, Kristin reads a bunch of articles, then spits them back out in her very limited vocabulary. Brandi copies and pastes from the best sources on the web. And sometimes Wikipedia. (No shade, Wikipedia. We love you.) We owe a huge debt of gratitude to the real experts who covered these cases. In this episode, Kristin pulled from: “Rhinelander v Rhinelander: The 1920s Race & Sex Scandal You've Never Heard Of,” by Melina Pendulum on YouTube The Ted Talk, “Challenge your biases, America. Make fairer laws: Angela Onwuachi-Willig at TedxDesMoines” “When one of New York's glitterati married a ‘quadroon,'” by Theodore R. Johnson III for NPR “Love and race caught in the public eye,” by Heidi Ardizzone and Earl Lewis for Notre Dame News “The Rhinelander Affair,” by Carlyn Beccia for HistoryofYesterday.com “Leonard “Kip” Rhinelander Trial,” by Barbara Behan for BlackPast.org “What interracial and gay couples know about passing,” by Angela Onwuachi-Willig for The Atlantic “Rhinelander v. Rhinelander,” entry on Wikipedia In this episode, Brandi pulled from: “By Demons Possessed” by Lynn Darling, Washington Post “The Twisted Murder Trial Of Arne Cheyenne Johnson, The Man Who Claimed To Be Possessed By Demons” by Marco Margaritoff, allthatsinteresting.com “'The Conjuring 3': The True Story Behind 'The Devil Made Me Do It'” by Samuel Spencer, Newsweek “What Really Happened With Arne Cheyenne Johnson's 1981 'The Devil Made Me Do It' Trial?” by Kevin Dolak, oxygen.com “Brookfield man sues over 'demon' book” The News-Times “Trial of Arne Cheyenne Johnson” wikipedia.org YOU'RE STILL READING? My, my, my, you skeezy scunch! You must be hungry for more! We'd offer you some sausage brunch, but that gets messy. So how about you head over to our Patreon instead? (patreon.com/lgtcpodcast). At the $5 level, you'll get 19+ full length bonus episodes, plus access to our 90's style chat room!  

Episode 16.  Michelle Wescott, once again, joins Linda to discuss topics from Linda's perspective as a white woman and Michelle's perspective as a black woman. Listen as Michelle and Linda discuss how they relate to the term "melting pot"  as a description of our country. Linda brings up terms like Hispanic, Latino, Latinx,  and how frustrating it is to know what is the right term to use. Listen as Michelle breaks it down amidst their conversation to reveal a simple practice make life easier for everyone that  we can all begin, right now! In honor of the upcoming Juneteenth holiday, Linda offers important information EVERY US citizen should know about the holiday. For more information about Juneteenth, go to BlackPast.org. Don't forget to leave a donation!If you have a topic you'd like Linda and Michelle to address on an upcoming podcast, go to Normal-Lies.com and go to the contact page to send Linda a message. Or, click on the blue microphone icon at the bottom right of the page to leave a voicemail right there on the website. Remember to leave a review by going to  Normal-Lies.com . On the homepage, you will find a brief video tutorial showing how to leave a review. Every month, I choose one review to read on air.  Who knows, I may choose yours.You can also submit questions, suggestions for show topics or set up a coaching consultation at Normal-Lies.com.  Be sure to follow Linda on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Linked In.  

Welcome to the Re-Weav podcast with Mitchele Anderson. Where we discuss how to weave racial unity in God's community, sharing resources and stories to guide us on this journey. My name is Mitchele and I'm so glad you're here. Black History Month has come to an end, but learning & personal growth are always on trend. Back in January, I had a conversation with Dr. Quintard Taylor from the University of Washington. Dr. Quintard is a professor of African American History. His passion for research and sharing knowledge led him to teach, author several books on African American history including In Search of the Racial Frontier: African Americans in the American West 1528-1990, and establish an amazing online resource called BlackPast.org. BlackPast.org is truly a passion project for the professor. He shares how it's reach shocked him and the incredible impact it is having in our world today. In our conversation, Dr. Quitard shares what inspired him to become a historian, specifically with a specialty of African American history in the American West. He shares some intriguing stories from history in the Pacific Northwest as well as some insight into how history foreshadows current and future events. For those of you that are fascinated with history and dream about becoming a published writer… Quintard gives a very enticing invitation during this interview... It might be time for you to build that resume... As with many Re-Weav conversations, this one may challenge you. I want to encourage you, as I often do, to choose compassion. Posture yourself in a growth mindset. Ask God to open your ears and soften your heart. I believe that this content will add value in your journey of creating unity in God's community. So, I encourage you to listen & learn with love. Now, let's get into today's conversation. Connect: Find all things Re-Weav on Instagram @re_weav Connect with Mitchele and see what fuels her on Instagram @mitcheleanderson Connect with Quintard Tyalor on Facebook Resources: African American & Global African History BlackPast.org Write for BlackPast.org Find a collection of books by Dr. Quintard Taylor on Amazon --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/re-weav/support

Episode 21: REMEMBERING THE HISTORY OF MARGARET GARNER with Dr. Cassandra Jones In honor of Black History Month, Kat, Jen, and Christina welcome Dr. Cassandra L. Jones (https://uc.academia.edu/CassandraLJones/CurriculumVitae) to discuss the tragic story of Margaret Garner, a young woman who escaped to Cincinnati with her family from the home in Boone County where they were enslaved. The tragedy and trial were catalysts of the Civil War but her own voice has been lost. She never had the opportunity to tell her story; appropriated by both sides to push their narrative. Toni Morrison based her book Beloved on Margaret's story and imbued it with a paranormal subplot. Dr. Cassandra Jones, an Assistant Professor of Africana Studies at the University of Cincinnati and an affiliate faculty member in Film and Media Studies and Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, helps us navigate this devastating part of Cincinnati and American history and its relevance in today's society and media. Listener discretion! Tonight we are talking about an iconic Cincinnati true crime, but this story is more than that. The Garner family story is about fighting for liberation during the years before the American Civil War, how it was denied, and its impact on society to this day. Trigger warning for child death and trauma. This is a hard story to hear but I would not suggest skipping it. NOTE: Due to the winter storm, there were some bandwidth issues and we had to turn our cameras off during the round table discussion. Resources used for tonight's show: The Cincinnati Enquirer, the New York Times (2019, 1856), Blackpast.org, Colored Conventions Project Digital Records, Soul of America, The Anti-Slavery Bugle (Salem, Ohio 1856), Weekly Indiana State Sentinel (Indianapolis, Indiana 1856), Wikipedia. Sources: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/obituaries/margaret-garner-overlooked.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Garner https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/margaret-garner-incident-1856/ https://www.soulofamerica.com/us-cities/cincinnati/cincinnati-historic-sites/ https://shenandoahliterary.org/blog/2016/02/the-slave-mother-a-tale-of-ohio-by-frances-ellen-watkins-harper/ https://omeka.coloredconventions.org/items/show/1509 Recommended Books: Beloved-Toni Morrison MODERN MEDEA-Steven Weisenburger Frontiers of Freedom: Cincinnati's Black Community 1802–1868 (Law Society & Politics in the Midwest)-Nikki M. Taylor Driven toward Madness: The Fugitive Slave Margaret Garner and Tragedy on the Ohio (New Approaches to Midwestern History)-Nikki M. Taylor Science Fiction Books: Kindred-Octavia E. Butler The Good House: A Novel-Tananarive Due Binti Trilogy-Nnedi Okorafor Ted Talk about the mathematics of African design: https://www.ted.com/talks/ron_eglash_the_fractals_at_the_heart_of_african_designs?language=en#t-995743 Email us your hometown haunt story and we will read it on our next episode! hometownhauntedmail@gmail.com Drops every Wednesday at midnight! Follow us on Social: @cincabinetcurio (twitter) @cincycabinetofcuriosities (instagram) Cincinnati Cabinet of Curiosities (facebook) Follow Kat: https://www.webtoons.com/en/challenge/witches-sorcerers-/list?title_no=417865 Follow Christina: https://embracethecrone.com/ https://www.instagram.com/cswyellokat/ Follow Jen: https://society6.com/jenkoehlerart?fb

In 1981 a riot broke out in South London between police and the locals – most of them black people who had been maligned for years at the hands of police and systematic racism. These clashes were so monumental that they were dubbed The Brixton Uprising. But what caused the events? How did locals respond and what was the aftermath? In this episode we jump headfirst into this huge part of British history. Riots get a bad rap (people crying about broken property), and we think it's time instead to direct that energy at the reason for the riots – hello, people are being denied human rights. Here are some additional resourcesThe Windrush Scandal is still a major issue with black and brown people left uncertain about their future in the UK. Sign this petition to stop all charter flight deportations to Jamaica and other Commonwealth countries. #Jamaica50The Battle for Brixton documentary on YouTube – this is where the clips in the episode are fromArticle on BlackPast.org – a site dedicated to documenting the worldwide experiences of black peopleThe Black Cultural Archives – this gallery/exhibition space/cultural centre on Windrush square was created in response to  many of the events mentioned in the episode. It strives to create positive representation of black people in media and cultureNatives: Race and Class in the Ruins of Empire – bestselling book by AkalaWhy I'm No Longer Talking to White People About Race – bestselling book by Reni Eddo-LodgeWe would like to acknowledge our vast privilege as two non-black people learning about this rather than experiencing it. We are committed to listening, learning and taking action to be actively anti-racist.

Happy Veterans Day! Dr. Carol François and Kourtney Square salute the U.S. Armed Forces with a special edition honoring the brave women and men who serve. Listen to the thrilling story of Sergeant Edward A. Carter's true heroism; learn the history of the World War II Double V campaign; and hear the solution to the mystery of why Black/African Americans were denied the highest military award, The Medal of Honor, during WWII. Citations California State Military History and Museums Program, www.militarymuseum.org “The double v campaign (1942-1945,” Euell A. Nielsen, BlackPast, July 1, 2020. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carol-francois/support

COLUMBIA Conversations is a podcast that highlights authors, historians, archivists and others working to preserve and share the history of Washington state and the Pacific Northwest. On this episode, host Feliks Banel speaks with University of Washington History Professor Emeritus Dr. Quintard Taylor, author of an important history of Seattle's Central District, and the founder of BlackPast.org. For more info about Dr. Taylor's work: www.blackpast.org For more information or to subscribe to COLUMBIA Magazine: www.washingtonhistory.org COLUMBIA Conversations is a production of COLUMBIA Magazine, a publication of the Washington State Historical Society.

It's here! Hamilton's here! And we watched it! Then talked about it! You should also read: Why Hamilton is Not the Revolution You Think It Is by James McMaster Being In the Room where it HappensL Hamilton Obama and National Neoliberal Multiculturalism by Donatella Galella Correcting Hamilton by Liz Mineo Race-Conscious Casting and the Erasure of the BlackPast in Lin-Manuel Miranda’s Hamilton by Lyra D. Monteiro Hamilton by Stacy Wolf (The Feminist Spectator 2) Find out more at https://fivedegrees.pinecast.co

Histories, mysteries, memories and families: it’s time to clamber up our ancestral trees. Author and genealogist Stephen Hanks -- who teaches genealogy classes in Portland, Oregeon and has contributed to PBS genealogy documentaries -- sits down to chat about what ignited a passion for learning about his own history. Also: how to find your family through census records, county archives, death certificates and more, plus which DNA tests he’s taken, our most recent common ancestor, and how America can try to heal from its past. Also: capes, detectives and hairy fanny packs.  Stephen Hanks books: “1619 -- Twenty Africans,” and “Akee Tree” Publisher: Inkwater Press A donation went to: BlackPast.org Sponsor links: StitchFix.com/ologies; Kiwico.com/ologies; LinkedIn.com/ologies More links at alieward.com/ologies/genealogy Transcripts & bleeped episodes at: alieward.com/ologies-extras Become a patron of Ologies for as little as a buck a month: www.Patreon.com/ologies OlogiesMerch.com has hats, shirts, pins, totes and STIIIICKERS! Follow twitter.com/ologies or instagram.com/ologies Follow twitter.com/AlieWard or instagram.com/AlieWard Sound editing by Jarrett Sleeper of MindJam Media & Steven Ray Morris Theme song by Nick Thorburn Support the show.

Show Notes Moe Factz with Adam Curry for December 2nd 2019, Episode number 17 Shaft Stache Shownotes Robert Townsend (actor) - Wikipedia Mon, 02 Dec 2019 13:13 American actor Robert Townsend (born February 6, 1957) is an American actor, director, comedian, and writer.[1][2] Townsend is best known for directing the films Hollywood Shuffle (1987), Eddie Murphy Raw (1987), The Meteor Man (1993), The Five Heartbeats (1991) and various other films and stand-up specials. He is especially known for his eponymous self-titled character, Robert Peterson as the starring role as on The WB sitcom The Parent 'Hood (1995''1999), a series which he created and of which directed select episodes. Townsend is also known for his role as Donald "Duck" Matthews in his 1991 film The Five Heartbeats.[3] He later wrote, directed and produced Making The Five Heartbeats (2018), a documentary film about the production process and behind the scenes insight into creating the film. Townsend is also known for his production company Townsend Entertainment [4] which has produced films Playin' for Love,[5] In the Hive and more. During the 1980s and early''1990s, Townsend gained national exposure through his stand-up comedy routines and appearances on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Townsend has worked with talent including Halle Berry, Morgan Freeman, Chris Tucker, Beyonc(C), Denzel Washington and many more.[6][7][8] Early life and career [ edit ] Townsend was born in Chicago, Illinois, the second of four children[9] to Shirley (n(C)e Jenkins) and Ed Townsend. His mother ended up raising him and his three siblings as a single parent. Growing up on the city's west side, Townsend attended Austin High School; graduating in 1975.[10] He became interested in acting as a teenager. During a reading of Sophocles' Oedipus Rex in high school, Townsend captured the attention of Chicago's X Bag Theatre, The Experimental Black Actors Guild. Townsend later auditioned for parts at Chicago's Experimental Black Actors' Guild and performed in local plays studying at the famed Second City comedy workshop for improvisation in 1974. Townsend had a brief uncredited role in the 1975 movie Cooley High. After high school, Townsend enrolled at Illinois State University, studied a year and later moved to New York to study at the Negro Ensemble Company. Townsend's mother believed that he should complete his college education, but he felt that college took time away from his passion for acting, and he soon dropped out of school to pursue his acting career full-time. Career [ edit ] Townsend auditioned to be part of Saturday Night Live's 1980''1981 cast, but was rejected in favor of Eddie Murphy. In 1982, Townsend appeared as one of the main characters in the PBS series Another Page, a program produced by Kentucky Educational Television that taught literacy to adults through serialized stories. Townsend later appeared in small parts in films like A Soldier's Story (1984), directed by Norman Jewison, and after its success garnered much more substantial parts in films like The Mighty Quinn (1989) with Denzel Washington.[11][12][13] In 1987, Townsend wrote, directed and produced Hollywood Shuffle, a satire based on the hardships and obstacles that black actors undergo in the film industry. The success of his first project helped him establish himself in the industry.[6][14] Another of his films was The Five Heartbeats based on 1960s R&B male groups and the tribulations of the music industry. Townsend created and produced two television variety shows'--the CableACE award''winning Robert Townsend and His Partners in Crime for HBO, and the Fox Television variety show Townsend Television (1993). He also created and starred in the WB Network's sitcom The Parent 'Hood which originally ran from January 1995 to July 1999. In 2018, Townsend also directed 2 episodes for the B.E.T. Series American Soul which began airing in 2019. The show is about Don Cornelius and Soul Train. Townsend was programming director at the Black Family Channel, but the network folded in 2007. Townsend created The Robert Townsend Foundation, a nonprofit organization whose mission is to introduce and help new unsigned filmmakers. Awards and other credits [ edit ] Townsend directed the 2001 TV movie, Livin' for Love: The Natalie Cole Story for which Cole won the NAACP Image Award as Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special. Townsend also directed two television movies in 2001 and 2002 respectively, Carmen: A Hip Hopera and 10,000 Black Men Named George. In 2013 Townsend was nominated for an Ovation Award in the category of "Lead Actor in a Musical" for his role as Dan in the La Mirada Theatre for the Performing Arts production of Next to Normal.[15] Personal life [ edit ] Townsend was married to Cheri Jones[16] from September 15, 1990, to August 9, 2001.[17] Together they have two daughters, Sierra and Skylar (Skye Townsend), both entertainers, and a son, Isiah.[6] Filmography [ edit ] Further reading [ edit ] Alexander, George. Why We Make Movies: Black Filmmakers Talk About the Magic of Cinema. Harlem Moon. 2003.Collier, Aldore. "Robert Townsend: a new kind of Hollywood dreamer. Actor-producer-director plans to make films that uplift and transform Black audiences". Ebony Magazine. 1 June 1991.Rogers, Brent. Robert Townsend Article in Perspectives. Sustaining Digital History, 12 November 2007.References [ edit ] ^ "Robert Townsend". The New York Times. ^ "As Robert Townsend Sees It : He's Fighting Stereotypes With 'Meteor Man' and New TV Show". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2010-10-10 . ^ The Five Heartbeats , retrieved 2019-09-16 ^ "Townsend Entertainment - IMDbPro". pro.imdb.com . Retrieved 2018-03-06 . ^ "Playin' For Love". Black Cinema Connection. 2014-11-05 . Retrieved 2018-03-06 . ^ a b c "About". Robert Townsend. Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. ^ "Carmen: A Hip Hopera", Wikipedia, 2019-08-09 , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ B*A*P*S , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ "Townsend, Robert (1957-)". BlackPast.Org. 2008 . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ "1975 Austin High School Yearbook (Chicago, Illinois)". Classmates.com. 1975 . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ Vincent Canby, "Review/Film; Tropical Murder", The New York Times, February 17, 1989. ^ The Mighty Quinn , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ A Soldier's Story , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ Hollywood Shuffle , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ "2013 Ovation Awards Nominees '-- South by Southeast". thisstage.la. LA STAGE Alliance. September 16, 2013 . Retrieved 2017-04-21 . ^ "The Week's Best Photo". Google Books. JET Magazine. March 25, 1991 . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ Gimenes, Erika (2001). "Robert Townsend to divorce". Hollywood.com . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ "Jackie's Back! (1999)" at IMDb. External links [ edit ] Robert Townsend on IMDbRobert Townsend (Official Website) (9) Charles Woods (The Professor) - Hollywood's Tricknology: Mandingo To Malcolm X - YouTube Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:59 Tyler Perry Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:57 Tyler Perry is a world-renowned producer, director, actor, screenwriter, playwright, author, songwriter, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. Tyler Perry's Story Tyler Perry is a world-renowned producer, director, actor, screenwriter, playwright, author, songwriter, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. Read His Story Outreach Since 2006, The Perry Foundation's aim has been to transform tragedy into triumph by empowering the economically disadvantaged to achieve a better quality of life. We focus on health and clean water, education and technology, arts and culture, and globally-sustainable economic development. Get Involved Visit Website You are viewing Tyler Perry Entertainment. If you'd like to view the Tyler Perry Studios, click here. Black writers courageously staring down the white gaze '' this is why we all must read them | Stan Grant | Opinion | The Guardian Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:46 The white gaze '' it is a phrase that resonates in black American literature. Writers from WEB Du Bois to Ralph Ellison to James Baldwin and Toni Morrison have struggled with it and railed against it. As Morrison '' a Nobel Laureate '' once said: Our lives have no meaning, no depth without the white gaze. And I have spent my entire writing life trying to make sure that the white gaze was not the dominant one in any of my books. The white gaze: it traps black people in white imaginations. It is the eyes of a white schoolteacher who sees a black student and lowers expectations. It is the eyes of a white cop who sees a black person and looks twice '' or worse, feels for a gun. Du Bois explored this more than a century ago in his book The Souls of Black Folk, reflecting on his conversations with white people and the ensuing delicate dance around the ''Negro problem''. Between me and the other world there is an ever unasked question'.... All, nevertheless, flutter around it ... Instead of saying directly, how does it feel to be a problem? They say, I know an excellent coloured man in my town ... To the real question '... I answer seldom a word. Baldwin was as ever more direct and piercing, writing in his book Nobody Knows My Name. I have spent most of my life ... watching white people and outwitting them so that I might survive. The flame has passed to a new generation. In 2015 three more black writers have stared down the white gaze. In their own ways Ta-Nehisi Coates, Claudia Rankine and George Yancy have held up a mirror to white America. These are uncompromising and fearless voices. Coates' searing essay Between The World And Me critiques America against a backdrop of black deaths at the hands of police. He says the country's history is rooted in slavery and the assault against the black body. In the form of a letter to his son, Coates writes: Here is what I would like for you to know: In America it is traditional to destroy the black body '' it is heritage. In Citizen '' An American Lyric, poet Rankine reflects on the black experience from the victims of Hurricane Katrina, or Trayvon Martin, a 17 year-old black youth shot dead by a neighbourhood watch volunteer who was acquitted, or black tennis star Serena Williams. In each case Rankine sees lives framed by whiteness. She writes: Because white men can't police their imagination, black men are dying. Philosophy Professor George Yancy just last week penned a letter in the New York Times addressed to ''Dear White America''. He asks his countrymen to listen with love, and to look at those things that might cause pain and terror. All white people, he says, benefit from racism and this means each, in their own way, are racist. '...don't run to seek shelter from your own racism'...practice being vulnerable. Being neither a ''good'' white person, nor a liberal white person will get you off the proverbial hook. Their unflinching work is not tempered by the fact a black man is in the White House '' that only makes their voices more urgent. Coates, Rankine, Yancy '' each has been variously praised and awarded, yet each has been pilloried as well. This is inevitable when some people don't like what the mirror reflects. It takes courage for a black person to speak to a white world, a world that can render invisible people of colour, unless they begin to more closely resemble white people themselves '' an education, a house in the suburbs, a good job, lighter skin. In Australia, too, black voices are defying the white gaze. We may not have the popular cut through of a Morrison or a Baldwin or a Coates, but we have a proud tradition '' Oodgeroo Noonuccal, Kevin Gilbert, Ruby Langford or more recently Kim Scott, Alexis Wright, Anita Heiss. I have spent some time recently reading some of the most powerful works of Indigenous writers. Their styles and genres are many and varied but there is a common and powerful theme of defiance and survival. This is a world so instantly recognisable to us '' Indigenous people '' but still so foreign to white Australia. Natalie Harkin's book of poetry, Dirty Words, is a subversive dictionary that turns English words back on their users: A is apology, B is for Boat People '... G is for Genocide ... S for Survival. ''How do you dream,'' she writes, ''When your lucky country does not sleep''. Bruce Pascoe's Dark Emu challenges the white stereotype of the ''primitive hunter gatherer''. He says the economy and culture of Indigenous people has been grossly undervalued. He cites journals and diaries of explorers and colonists to reveal the industry and ingenuity of pre-colonial Aboriginal society. He says it is a window into a world of people building dams and wells and houses, irrigating and harvesting seed and creating elaborate cemeteries. Pascoe's work demands to be taught in our schools. Tony Birch is an acclaimed novelist and his latest Ghost River is remarkable. It is the story of two friends navigating the journey into adulthood guided by the men of the river '' men others may see as homeless and hopeless. It is a work infused with a sense of place and belonging. Ellen Van Neerven's Heat and Light is a genre-busting mystical journey into identity: sexual, racial and national. It is provocative and challenging and mind bending, and altogether stunning. You won't find many of these titles in the annual best book lists. Occasionally they pop up, but not as often as they deserve. You probably won't hear much of Samuel Wagan Watson's Love Poems and Death Threats, or Ken Canning's Yimbama, or Lionel Fogarty's Eelahroo (Long Ago) Nyah (Looking) Mobo-Mobo (Future). That these works are not more widely read is a national shame. In our busy lives, try to find time for some of these books in 2016 '' read with the courage of these writers. George Yancy asks white Americans to become ''un-sutured'', to open themselves up and let go of their white innocence. Why is this important? Well, for white people it may simply be a matter of choice '' the fate of black people may not affect them. For us it is survival '' the white gaze means we die young, are locked up and locked out of work and education. We hear a lot about recognition '' acknowledging Indigenous people in the Australian constitution. But there is another recognition '' recognising the pervasive and too often destructive role of race in our lives, and the need to lift our gaze above it. Queen | Definition of Queen by Merriam-Webster Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:40 To save this word, you'll need to log in. ËkwÄ'n 1 a : the wife or widow of a king b : the wife or widow of a tribal chief 2 a : a female monarch b : a female chieftain 3 a : a woman eminent in rank, power, or attractions a movie queen b : a goddess or a thing personified as female and having supremacy in a specified realm c : an attractive girl or woman especially : a beauty contest winner 4 : the most privileged piece of each color in a set of chessmen having the power to move in any direction across any number of unoccupied squares 5 : a playing card marked with a stylized figure of a queen 6 : the fertile fully developed female of social bees, ants, and termites whose function is to lay eggs 7 : a mature female cat kept especially for breeding 8 slang , often disparaging : a male homosexual especially : an effeminate one queened ; queening ; queens intransitive verb 1 : to act like a queen especially : to put on airs '-- usually used with it queens it over her friends 2 : to become a queen in chess the pawn queens Pan-Africanism - Wikipedia Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:37 Worldwide movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of solidarity between all people of African descent Pan-Africanism is a worldwide movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of solidarity between all indigenous and diasporan ethnic groups of African descent. Based on a common goal dating back to the Atlantic slave trade, the movement extends beyond continental Africans with a substantial support base among the African diaspora in the Caribbean, Latin America, the United States and Canada and Europe.[1][2] It is based on the belief that unity is vital to economic, social, and political progress and aims to "unify and uplift" people of African descent.[3] The ideology asserts that the fate of all African people and countries[clarification needed ] are intertwined. At its core Pan-Africanism is a belief that ''African people, both on the continent and in the diaspora, share not merely a common history, but a common destiny".[4] Pan-Africanist intellectual, cultural, and political movements tend to view all Africans and descendants of Africans as belonging to a single "race" and sharing cultural unity. Pan-Africanism posits a sense of a shared historical fate for Africans in the Americas, West Indies, and, on the continent itself, has centered on the Atlantic trade in slaves, African slavery, and European imperialism.[5] The Organization of African Unity (now the African Union) was established in 1963 to safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity of its Member States and to promote global relations within the framework of the United Nations.[6] The African Union Commission has its seat in Addis Ababa and the Pan-African Parliament has its seat in Johannesburg and Midrand. Overview [ edit ] Pan-Africanism stresses the need for "collective self-reliance".[7] Pan-Africanism exists as a governmental and grassroots objective. Pan-African advocates include leaders such as Haile Selassie, Julius Nyerere, Ahmed S(C)kou Tour(C), Kwame Nkrumah, King Sobhuza II, Thomas Sankara and Muammar Gaddafi, grassroots organizers such as Marcus Garvey and Malcolm X, academics such as W. E. B. Du Bois, and others in the diaspora.[8][9][10] Pan-Africanists believe that solidarity will enable the continent to fulfill its potential to independently provide for all its people. Crucially, an all-African alliance would empower African people globally. The realization of the Pan-African objective would lead to "power consolidation in Africa", which "would compel a reallocation of global resources, as well as unleashing a fiercer psychological energy and political assertion...that would unsettle social and political (power) structures...in the Americas".[11] Advocates of Pan-Africanism'--i.e. "Pan-Africans" or "Pan-Africanists"'--often champion socialist principles and tend to be opposed to external political and economic involvement on the continent. Critics accuse the ideology of homogenizing the experience of people of African descent. They also point to the difficulties of reconciling current divisions within countries on the continent and within communities in the diaspora.[11] History [ edit ] As a philosophy, Pan-Africanism represents the aggregation of the historical, cultural, spiritual, artistic, scientific, and philosophical legacies of Africans from past times to the present. Pan-Africanism as an ethical system traces its origins from ancient times, and promotes values that are the product of the African civilisations and the struggles against slavery, racism, colonialism, and neo-colonialism.[8] Alongside a large number of slaves insurrections, by the end of the 19th century a political movement developed across the Americas, Europe and Africa that sought to weld disparate movements into a network of solidarity, putting an end to oppression. Another important political form of a religious Pan-Africanist worldview appeared in the form of Ethiopianism.[12] In London, the Sons of Africa was a political group addressed by Quobna Ottobah Cugoano in the 1791 edition of his book Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil of Slavery. The group addressed meetings and organised letter-writing campaigns, published campaigning material and visited parliament. They wrote to figures such as Granville Sharp, William Pitt and other members of the white abolition movement, as well as King George III and the Prince of Wales, the future George IV. Modern Pan-Africanism began around the start of the 20th century. The African Association, later renamed the Pan-African Association, was established around 1897 by Henry Sylvester-Williams, who organized the First Pan-African Conference in London in 1900.[13][14][15] With the independence of Ghana in March 1957, Kwame Nkrumah was elected as the first Prime Minister and President of the State.[16] Nkrumah emerged as a major advocate for the unity of Independent Africa. The Ghanaian President embodied a political activist approach to pan-Africanism as he championed the "quest for regional integration of the whole of the African continent".[17] This period represented a "Golden Age of high pan-African ambitions"; the Continent had experienced revolution and decolonization from Western powers and the narrative of rebirth and solidarity had gained momentum within the pan-African movement.[17] Nkrumah's pan-African principles intended for a union between the Independent African states upon a recognition of their commonality (i.e. suppression under imperialism). Pan-Africanism under Nkrumah evolved past the assumptions of a racially exclusive movement associated with black Africa, and adopted a political discourse of regional unity [18] In April 1958, Nkrumah hosted the first All-African Peoples' Conference (AAPC) in Accra, Ghana. This Conference invited delegates of political movements and major political leaders. With the exception of South Africa, all Independent States of the Continent attended: Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Liberia, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia and Sudan.[18] This Conference signified a monumental event in the pan-African movement, as it revealed a political and social union between those considered Arabic states and the black African regions. Further, the Conference espoused a common African Nationalist identity, among the States, of unity and anti-Imperialism. Frantz Fanon, journalist, freedom fighter and a member of the Algerian FLN party attended the conference as a delegate for Algeria.[19] Considering the armed struggle of the FLN against French colonial rule, the attendees of the Conference agreed to support the struggle of those States under colonial oppression. This encouraged the commitment of direct involvement in the "emancipation of the Continent; thus, a fight against colonial pressures on South Africa was declared and the full support of the FLN struggle in Algeria, against French colonial rule"".[20] In the years following 1958, Accra Conference also marked the establishment of a new foreign policy of non-alignment as between the US and USSR, and the will to establish an "African Identity" in global affairs by advocating a unity between the African States on international relations. "This would be based on the Bandung Declaration, the Charter of the UN and on loyalty to UN decisions."[20] In 1959, Nkrumah, President S(C)kou Tour(C) of Guinea and President William Tubman of Liberia met at Sanniquellie and signed the Sanniquellie Declaration outlining the principles for the achievement of the unity of Independent African States whilst maintaining a national identity and autonomous constitutional structure.[21][22] The Declaration called for a revised understanding of pan-Africanism and the uniting of the Independent States. In 1960, the second All-African Peoples' Conference was held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.[23] The membership of the All-African Peoples' Organisation (AAPO) had increased with the inclusion of the "Algerian Provisional Government (as they had not yet won independence), Cameroun, Guinea, Nigeria, Somalia and the United Arab Republic".[24] The Conference highlighted diverging ideologies within the movement, as Nkrumah's call for a political and economic union between the Independent African States gained little agreement. The disagreements following 1960 gave rise to two rival factions within the pan-African movement: the Casablanca Bloc and the Brazzaville Bloc.[25] In 1962, Algeria gained independence from French colonial rule and Ahmed Ben Bella assumed Presidency. Ben Bella was a strong advocate for pan-Africanism and an African Unity. Following the FLN's armed struggle for liberation, Ben Bella spoke at the UN and espoused for Independent Africa's role in providing military and financial support to the African liberation movements opposing apartheid and fighting Portuguese colonialism.[26] In search of a united voice, in 1963 at an African Summit conference in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 32 African states met and established the Organization of African Unity (OAU). The creation of the OAU Charter took place at this Summit and defines a coordinated "effort to raise the standard of living of member States and defend their sovereignty" by supporting freedom fighters and decolonisation.[27] Thus, was the formation of the African Liberation Committee (ALC), during the 1963 Summit. Championing the support of liberation movements, was Algeria's President Ben Bella, immediately "donated 100 million francs to its finances and was one of the first countries, of the Organisation to boycott Portuguese and South African goods".[26] In 1969, Algiers hosted the Pan-African Cultural Festival, on July 21 and it continued for eight days.[28] At this moment in history, Algeria stood as a ''beacon of African and Third-World militancy,''[28] and would come to inspire fights against colonialism around the world. The festival attracted thousands from African states and the African Diaspora, including the Black Panthers. It represented the application of the tenets of the Algerian revolution to the rest of Africa, and symbolized the re-shaping of the definition of pan-African identity under the common experience of colonialism.[28] The Festival further strengthened Algeria's President, Boumediene's standing in Africa and the Third World.[28] After the death of Kwame Nkrumah in 1972, Muammar Qaddafi assumed the mantle of leader of the Pan-Africanist movement and became the most outspoken advocate of African Unity, like Nkrumah before him '' for the advent of a "United States of Africa".[29] In the United States, the term is closely associated with Afrocentrism, an ideology of African-American identity politics that emerged during the civil rights movement of the 1960s to 1970s.[30] Concept [ edit ] As originally conceived by Henry Sylvester-Williams (although some historians[who? ] credit the idea to Edward Wilmot Blyden), Pan-Africanism referred to the unity of all continental Africa.[31] During apartheid South Africa there was a Pan Africanist Congress that dealt with the oppression of Africans in South Africa under Apartheid rule. Other pan-Africanist organisations include: Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association-African Communities League, TransAfrica and the International People's Democratic Uhuru Movement. Additionally, Pan-Africanism is seen as an endeavor to return to what are deemed by its proponents as singular, traditional African concepts about culture, society, and values. Examples of this include L(C)opold S(C)dar Senghor's N(C)gritude movement, and Mobutu Sese Seko's view of Authenticit(C). An important theme running through much pan-Africanist literature concerns the historical links between different countries on the continent, and the benefits of cooperation as a way of resisting imperialism and colonialism. In the 21st century, some Pan-Africanists aim to address globalisation and the problems of environmental justice. For instance, at the conference "Pan-Africanism for a New Generation"[32] held at the University of Oxford, June 2011, Ledum Mittee, the current president of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), argued that environmental justice movements across the African continent should create horizontal linkages in order to better protect the interests of threatened peoples and the ecological systems in which they are embedded, and upon which their survival depends. Some universities went as far as creating "Departments of Pan-African Studies" in the late 1960s. This includes the California State University, where that department was founded in 1969 as a direct reaction to the civil rights movement, and is today dedicated to "teaching students about the African World Experience", to "demonstrate to the campus and the community the richness, vibrance, diversity, and vitality of African, African American, and Caribbean cultures" and to "presenting students and the community with an Afrocentric analysis" of anti-black racism.[33]Syracuse University also offers a master's degree in "Pan African Studies".[34] Pan-African colors [ edit ] The flags of numerous states in Africa and of Pan-African groups use green, yellow and red. This colour combination was originally adopted from the 1897 flag of Ethiopia, and was inspired by the fact that Ethiopia is the continent's oldest independent nation,[35] thus making the Ethiopian green, yellow and red the closest visual representation of Pan-Africanism. This is in comparison to the Black Nationalist flag, representing political theory centred around the eugenicist caste-stratified colonial Americas.[36] The UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association) flag, is a tri-color flag consisting of three equal horizontal bands of (from top down) red, black and green. The UNIA formally adopted it on August 13, 1920,[37] during its month-long convention at Madison Square Garden in New York.[38][39] Variations of the flag have been used in various countries and territories in Africa and the Americas to represent Black Nationalist ideologies. Among these are the flags of Malawi, Kenya and Saint Kitts and Nevis. Several Pan-African organizations and movements have also often employed the emblematic red, black and green tri-color scheme in variety of contexts. Maafa studies [ edit ] Maafa is an aspect of Pan-African studies. The term collectively refers to 500 years of suffering (including the present) of people of African heritage through slavery, imperialism, colonialism, and other forms of oppression.[40][41] In this area of study, both the actual history and the legacy of that history are studied as a single discourse. The emphasis in the historical narrative is on African agents, as opposed to non-African agents.[42] Political parties and organizations [ edit ] In Africa [ edit ] Organisation of African Unity, succeeded by the African UnionAfrican Unification FrontRassemblement D(C)mocratique AfricainAll-African People's Revolutionary PartyConvention People's Party (Ghana)Pan-African Renaissance[43]Economic Freedom Fighters (South Africa)Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (South Africa)In the Caribbean [ edit ] The Pan-African Affairs Commission for Pan-African Affairs, a unit within the Office of the Prime Minister of Barbados.[44]African Society for Cultural Relations with Independent Africa (Guyana)Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement (Antigua and Barbuda)Clement Payne Movement (Barbados)Marcus Garvey People's Political Party (Jamaica)Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (Jamaica)In the United Kingdom [ edit ] Pan-African FederationIn the United States [ edit ] The Council on African Affairs (CAA): founded in 1937 by Max Yergan and Paul Robeson, the CAA was the first major U.S. organization whose focus was on providing pertinent and up-to-date information about Pan-Africanism across the United States, particularly to African Americans. Probably the most successful campaign of the Council was for South African famine relief in 1946. The CAA was hopeful that, following World War II, there would be a move towards Third World independence under the trusteeship of the United Nations.[45] To the CAA's dismay, the proposals introduced by the U.S. government to the conference in April/May 1945 set no clear limits on the duration of colonialism and no motions towards allowing territorial possessions to move towards self-government.[45] Liberal supporters abandoned the CAA, and the federal government cracked down on its operations. In 1953 the CAA was charged with subversion under the McCarran Internal Security Act. Its principal leaders, including Robeson, W. E. B. Du Bois, and Alphaeus Hunton (1903''70), were subjected to harassment, indictments, and in the case of Hunton, imprisonment. Under the weight of internal disputes, government repression, and financial hardships, the Council on African Affairs disbanded in 1955.[46]The US Organization was founded in 1965 by Maulana Karenga, following the Watts riots. It is based on the synthetic African philosophy of kawaida, and is perhaps best known for creating Kwanzaa and the Nguzo Saba ("seven principles"). In the words of its founder and chair, Karenga, "the essential task of our organization Us has been and remains to provide a philosophy, a set of principles and a program which inspires a personal and social practice that not only satisfies human need but transforms people in the process, making them self-conscious agents of their own life and liberation".[47]Pan-African concepts and philosophies [ edit ] Afrocentric Pan-Africanism [ edit ] Afrocentric Pan-Africanism is espoused by Kwabena Faheem Ashanti in his book The Psychotechnology of Brainwashing: Crucifying Willie Lynch. Another newer movement that has evolved from the early Afrocentric school is the Afrisecal movement or Afrisecaism of Francis Ohanyido, a Nigerian philosopher-poet.[48] Black Nationalism is sometimes associated with this form of pan-Africanism. Kawaida [ edit ] Hip hop [ edit ] Since the late 1970s, hip hop has emerged as a powerful force that has partly shaped black identity worldwide. In his 2005 article "Hip-hop Turns 30: Whatcha Celebratin' For?", Greg Tate describes hip-hop culture as the product of a Pan-African state of mind. It is an "ethnic enclave/empowerment zone that has served as a foothold for the poorest among us to get a grip on the land of the prosperous".[49] Hip-hop unifies those of African descent globally in its movement towards greater economic, social and political power. Andreana Clay in her article "Keepin' it Real: Black Youth, Hip-Hop Culture, and Black Identity" states that hip-hop provides the world with "vivid illustrations of Black lived experience", creating bonds of black identity across the globe.[50] From a Pan-African perspective, Hip-Hop Culture can be a conduit to authenticate a black identity, and in doing so, creates a unifying and uplifting force among Africans that Pan-Africanism sets out to achieve. Pan-African art [ edit ] Further information on pan-African film festivals see: FESPACO and PAFFSee also [ edit ] Literature [ edit ] Hakim Adi & Marika Sherwood, Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787, London: Routledgem 2003.Imanuel Geiss, Panafrikanismus. Zur Geschichte der Dekolonisation. Habilitation, EVA, Frankfurt am Main, 1968, English as: The Pan-African Movement, London: Methuen, 1974, ISBN 0-416-16710-1, and as: The Pan-African Movement. A history of Pan-Africanism in America, Europe and Africa, New York: Africana Publ., 1974, ISBN 0-8419-0161-9.Colin Legum, Pan-Africanism: A Short Political Guide, revised edition, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1965.Tony Martin, Pan-African Connection: From Slavery to Garvey and Beyond, Dover: The Majority Press, 1985.References [ edit ] ^ Austin, David (Fall 2007). "All Roads Led to Montreal: Black Power, the Caribbean and the Black Radical Tradition in Canada". Journal of African American History. 92 (4): 516''539 . Retrieved March 30, 2019 . ^ Oloruntoba-Oju, Omotayo (December 2012). "Pan Africanism, Myth and History in African and Caribbean Drama". Journal of Pan African Studies. 5 (8): 190 ff. ^ Frick, Janari, et al. (2006), History: Learner's Book, p. 235, South Africa: New Africa Books. ^ Makalani, Minkah (2011), "Pan-Africanism". Africana Age. ^ New Dictionary of the History of Ideas. The Gale Group, Inc. 2005. ^ About the African Union Archived January 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. ^ "The objectives of the PAP", The Pan-African Parliament '' 2014 and beyond. ^ a b Falola, Toyin; Essien, Kwame (2013). Pan-Africanism, and the Politics of African Citizenship and Identity. London: Routledge. pp. 71''72. ISBN 1135005192 . Retrieved September 26, 2015 . ^ Goebel, Anti-Imperial Metropolis, pp. 250''278. ^ Maguire, K., "Ghana re-evaluates Nkrumah", GlobalPost, October 21, 2009. Retrieved September 13, 2012. ^ a b Agyeman, O., Pan-Africanism and Its Detractors: A Response to Harvard's Race Effacing Universalists, Harvard University Press (1998), cited in Mawere, Munyaradzi; Tapuwa R. Mubaya, African Philosophy and Thought Systems: A Search for a Culture and Philosophy of Belonging, Langaa RPCIG (2016), p. 89. ISBN 9789956763016. Retrieved August 23, 2018. ^ "Pan-Africanism". exhibitions.nypl.org . Retrieved February 16, 2017 . ^ "A history of Pan-Africanism", New Internationalist, 326, August 2000. ^ The History of Pan Africanism, PADEAP (Pan African Development Education and Advocacy Programme). ^ Lubin, Alex, "The Contingencies of Pan-Africanism", Geographies of Liberation: The Making of an Afro-Arab Political Imaginary, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014, p. 71. ^ Smith-Asante, E., "Biography of Ghana's first President, Dr Kwame Nkrumah", Graphic Online, March 8, 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2017. ^ a b Mkandawire, P. (2005). African Intellectuals: Rethinking Politics, Language, Gender and Development, Dakar: Codesria/London: Zed Books, p. 58. Retrieved March 23, 2017. ^ a b Legum, C. (1965). Pan-Africanism: a short political guide, New York, etc.: Frederick A. Praeger, p. 41. ^ Adi, H., & M. Sherwood (2003). Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787, London: Routledge, p. 66. ^ a b Legum (1965). Pan-Africanism, p. 42. ^ Adi & Sherwood (2003). Pan-African History, p. 179. ^ Legum (1965), Pan-Africanism, p. 45. ^ Legum (1965). Pan-Africanism, p. 46. ^ Legum (1965), Pan-Africanism, p. 47. ^ Martin, G. (2012). African Political Thought, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ^ a b Adi & Sherwood (2003), Pan-African History, p. 10. ^ "African states unite against white rule", ON THIS DAY | May25. BBC News. Retrieved March 23, 2017. ^ a b c d Evans, M., & J. Phillips (2008). Algeria: Anger of the Dispossessed, Yale University Press, pp. 97''98. ^ Martin, G. (December 23, 2012). African Political Thought. Springer. ISBN 9781137062055. ^ See e.g. Ronald W. Walters, Pan Africanism in the African Diaspora: An Analysis of Modern Afrocentric Political Movements, African American Life Series, Wayne State University Press, 1997, p. 68. ^ Campbell, Crystal Z. (December 2006). "Sculpting a Pan-African Culture in the Art of N(C)gritude: A Model for African Artist" (PDF) . The Journal of Pan African Studies. Archived from the original on June 1, 2015. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) ^ Oxford University African Society Conference, Corpus Christi College, Oxford University, May 5, 2012. ^ "About Us". Csus.edu . Retrieved October 15, 2015 . ^ The M.A. in Pan African Studies Archived October 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, African American Studies at Syracuse University. ^ Smith, Whitney (2001). Flag Lore of All Nations . Millbrook Press. p. 36. ISBN 0761317538 . Retrieved October 7, 2014 . ^ Lionel K., McPherson; Shelby, Tommie (Spring 2004). "Blackness and Blood: Interpreting African American Identity" (PDF) . Philosophy and Public Affairs. 32: 171''192. ^ Wikisource contributors, "The Declaration of the Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World", Wikisource, The Free Library. (Retrieved October 6, 2007). ^ "25,000 Negroes Convene: International Gathering Will Prepare Own Bill of Rights", The New York Times, August 2, 1920. Proquest. Retrieved October 5, 2007. ^ "Negroes Adopt Bill Of Rights: Convention Approves Plan for African Republic and Sets to Work on Preparation of Constitution of the Colored Race Negro Complaints Aggression Condemned Recognition Demanded". The Christian Science Monitor, August 17, 1920. Proquest. Retrieved October 5, 2007. ^ "What Holocaust". "Glenn Reitz". Archived from the original on October 18, 2007. ^ "The Maafa, African Holocaust". Swagga. ^ Ogunleye, Tolagbe (1997). "African American Folklore: Its Role in Reconstructing African American History". Journal of Black Studies. 27 (4): 435''455. ISSN 0021-9347. ^ "Pan-African Renaissance". ^ Rodney Worrell (2005). Pan-Africanism in Barbados: An Analysis of the Activities of the Major 20th-century Pan-African Formations in Barbados. New Academia Publishing, LLC. pp. 99''102. ISBN 978-0-9744934-6-6. ^ a b Duberman, Martin. Paul Robeson, 1989, pp. 296''97. ^ "Council on African Affairs", African Activist Archive. ^ "Philosophy, Principles, and Program". The Organization Us. ^ "Francis Okechukwu Ohanyido". African Resource. ^ Tate, Greg, "Hip-hop Turns 30: Whatcha Celebratin' For?", Village Voice, January 4, 2005. ^ Clay, Andreana. "Keepin' it Real: Black Youth, Hip-Hop Culture, and Black Identity". In American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 46.10 (2003): 1346''58. External links [ edit ] SNCC Digital Gateway: Pan-Africanism'--Digital documentary website created by the SNCC Legacy Project and Duke University, telling the story of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee & grassroots organizing from the inside-outAfrican UnionAfrican Code Unity Through DiversityA-APRP WebsiteThe Major Pan-African news and articles siteProfessor David Murphy (November 15, 2015). "The Performance of Pan-Africanism: performing black identity at major pan-African festivals, 1966''2010" (Podcast). The University of Edinburgh . Retrieved January 28, 2016 '' via Soundcloud. Ebro Darden - Wikipedia Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:36 Ebro Darden BornIbrahim Jamil Darden ( 1975-03-17 ) March 17, 1975 (age 44) NationalityAmericanOccupationMedia executiveradio personalityYears active1990''presentKnown forHot 97 radio personalityBeats1 DJChildren1Websitewww.EbroDarden.comIbrahim "Ebro" Darden (born March 17, 1975) is an American media executive and radio personality. Until 2014, he was Vice President of Programming for Emmis Communications' New York contemporary urban station WQHT (Hot 97). He is currently a co-host on the Hot 97 morning show, Ebro in the Morning, alongside Peter Rosenberg, and Laura Stylez. As of 2015, Darden also hosts a hip hop music-based radio show on Beats 1. Early life [ edit ] Darden was born to a black father and a Jewish mother. He attended a Pentecostal church and Hebrew school while growing up in Oakland and Sacramento.[1] Career [ edit ] Start in radio [ edit ] Darden began his career in radio in 1990 at KSFM in Sacramento, California, while he was still a teenager. At KSFM he worked in research and as a sales runner until moving into programming as an intern, and later co-hosting for KSFM's night and morning shows. In 1997, he worked at KBMB in Sacramento as Programming and Music Director, as well as an afternoon host. Eventually, Darden became Operations Manager at KBMB, while also co-hosting mornings at KXJM in Portland, Oregon, in 1999. Hot 97 [ edit ] In 2003, Darden became Music Director for WQHT, ultimately becoming the Program Director for the station in 2007.[2][3][4] Darden worked alongside several past WQHT Hot 97 morning show co-hosts including Star and Bucwild, Miss Jones, DJ Envy, Sway, and Joe Budden from 2004 to 2007, and introduced Cipha Sounds and Peter Rosenberg to the AM drive in 2009. He rejoined the Hot 97 Morning Show in 2012, alongside Cipha Sounds, Peter Rosenberg, and Laura Stylez. As Programming Director and on-air host, Darden was the main voice of several events at Hot 97 including Nicki Minaj's relationship with the station, and her alleged sexual relationship with the host; Hurricane Sandy; and Mister Cee's personal life.[5] In 2014, VH1 announced a new unscripted comedy series, This Is Hot 97, which featured Darden and fellow hosts including Angie Martinez, Funkmaster Flex, Peter Rosenberg, Cipha Sounds, Miss Info, and Laura Stylez.[6] Beats 1 [ edit ] In addition to his current on-air role at Hot 97, Darden is now one of three anchor DJs on Beats 1, an Internet radio service from Apple Music. Feuds and controversy [ edit ] A comedic rivalry between Darden and fellow accomplished radio personality Charlamagne Tha God of Power 105.1 has been ongoing for years. In May 2017, Darden clarified their relationship, stating, "The stuff we do on the radio is stupid. It's for fun. I make fun of you for fun. That's it. It's not that deep... me and that dude don't have a personal problem... a personal relationship".[7] Darden was mentioned in Remy Ma's "shETHER" diss track, on which Ma insinuated that he slept with Nicki Minaj by stating "Coke head, you cheated on your man with Ebro". After jokingly going back and forth with both Ma and her husband Papoose on social media, Darden denied the rumors, stating that he and Minaj had only a professional relationship.[8] Ebro has been in an ongoing feud with Brooklyn artist 6ix9ine. Ebro made fun of 6ix9ine as looking like a clown and criticized him for bragging about streaming numbers,[9] and 6ix9ine responded on the song "Stoopid" with the line "That nigga Ebro, he a bitch/Just another old nigga on a young nigga dick." [10] Personal life [ edit ] Darden has a daughter, Isa, who was born in 2014.[11] Recognition [ edit ] In 2013, he was recognized by Radio Ink as a future African American leader.[12] Filmography [ edit ] References [ edit ] Queen & Slim (2019) - IMDb Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:13 3 nominations. See more awards >> Learn more More Like This Comedy | Crime | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.1 / 10 X A detective investigates the death of a patriarch of an eccentric, combative family. Director:Rian Johnson Stars:Daniel Craig,Chris Evans,Ana de Armas Action | Crime | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.6 / 10 X An embattled NYPD detective is thrust into a citywide manhunt for a pair of cop killers after uncovering a massive and unexpected conspiracy. Director:Brian Kirk Stars:Chadwick Boseman,Sienna Miller,J.K. Simmons Action | Biography | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.5 / 10 X The extraordinary tale of Harriet Tubman's escape from slavery and transformation into one of America's greatest heroes, whose courage, ingenuity, and tenacity freed hundreds of slaves and changed the course of history. Director:Kasi Lemmons Stars:Cynthia Erivo,Leslie Odom Jr.,Joe Alwyn Biography | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.9 / 10 X Based on the true story of a real-life friendship between Fred Rogers and journalist Tom Junod. Director:Marielle Heller Stars:Tom Hanks,Matthew Rhys,Chris Cooper Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.2 / 10 X A young actor's stormy childhood and early adult years as he struggles to reconcile with his father and deal with his mental health. Director:Alma Har'el Stars:Shia LaBeouf,Lucas Hedges,Noah Jupe Drama | Romance | Sport 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.7 / 10 X Traces the journey of a suburban family - led by a well-intentioned but domineering father - as they navigate love, forgiveness, and coming together in the aftermath of a loss. Director:Trey Edward Shults Stars:Taylor Russell,Kelvin Harrison Jr.,Alexa Demie Comedy | Drama | War 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.1 / 10 X A young boy in Hitler's army finds out his mother is hiding a Jewish girl in their home. Director:Taika Waititi Stars:Roman Griffin Davis,Thomasin McKenzie,Scarlett Johansson Action | Crime | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5.7 / 10 X A rookie New Orleans police officer is forced to balance her identity as a black woman after she witnesses two corrupt cops committing murder. Director:Deon Taylor Stars:Naomie Harris,Frank Grillo,Mike Colter Biography | Drama | History 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.3 / 10 X A corporate defense attorney takes on an environmental lawsuit against a chemical company that exposes a lengthy history of pollution. Director:Todd Haynes Stars:Anne Hathaway,Mark Ruffalo,William Jackson Harper Drama | Fantasy | Horror 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.3 / 10 X Two lighthouse keepers try to maintain their sanity while living on a remote and mysterious New England island in the 1890s. Director:Robert Eggers Stars:Willem Dafoe,Robert Pattinson,Valeriia Karaman Crime | Drama | Mystery 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.5 / 10 X Consummate con man Roy Courtnay has set his sights on his latest mark: the recently widowed Betty McLeish, worth millions. But this time, what should have been a simple swindle escalates into a cat-and-mouse game with the ultimate stakes. Director:Bill Condon Stars:Helen Mirren,Ian McKellen,Russell Tovey Crime | Drama | Mystery 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.1 / 10 X In 1950s New York, a lonely private detective afflicted with Tourette's Syndrome ventures to solve the murder of his mentor and only friend. Director:Edward Norton Stars:Edward Norton,Gugu Mbatha-Raw,Alec Baldwin Edit Storyline Slim and Queen's first date takes an unexpected turn when a policeman pulls them over for a minor traffic violation. When the situation escalates, Slim takes the officer's gun and shoots him in self-defence. Now labelled cop killers in the media, Slim and Queen feel that they have no choice but to go on the run and evade the law. When a video of the incident goes viral, the unwitting outlaws soon become a symbol of trauma, terror, grief and pain for people all across the country Written bystmc-25959 Plot Summary | Add Synopsis Motion Picture Rating (MPAA) Rated R for violence, some strong sexuality, nudity, pervasive language, and brief drug use. | See all certifications >> Edit Details Release Date: 27 November 2019 (USA) See more >> Edit Box Office Opening Weekend USA: $11,700,000, 1 December 2019 Gross USA: $15,810,000 Cumulative Worldwide Gross: $15,810,000 See more on IMDbPro >> Company Credits Technical Specs Runtime: 131 min Aspect Ratio: 2.39 : 1 See full technical specs >> Edit Did You Know? Trivia First feature film to be directed by Melina Matsoukas, who has previously only directed music videos and TV episodes. See more >> Quotes Slim :Are you tryin' to die? Queen :No. I just always wanted to do that. Slim :Well, don't do it while I'm drivin' Queen :You should try it. Slim :Nah, I'm good. Queen :Pull over. Slim :Na-ah. Queen :Come on! Pull over. Pull over! Slim :If I do, would you please, let me drive the rest of the way it is? Queen :Swear to God. [...] See more >> Explore popular and recently added TV series available to stream now with Prime Video. Start your free trial Music in this episode Intro: Puff Daddy - It's all about the benjamins Outro: Blue Magic - Sideshow Donate to the show at moefundme.com Search for us in your podcast directory or use this link to subscribe to the feed Podcast Feed For more information: MoeFactz.com

Show Notes Moe Factz with Adam Curry for December 2nd 2019, Episode number 17 Shaft Stache Shownotes Robert Townsend (actor) - Wikipedia Mon, 02 Dec 2019 13:13 American actor Robert Townsend (born February 6, 1957) is an American actor, director, comedian, and writer.[1][2] Townsend is best known for directing the films Hollywood Shuffle (1987), Eddie Murphy Raw (1987), The Meteor Man (1993), The Five Heartbeats (1991) and various other films and stand-up specials. He is especially known for his eponymous self-titled character, Robert Peterson as the starring role as on The WB sitcom The Parent 'Hood (1995''1999), a series which he created and of which directed select episodes. Townsend is also known for his role as Donald "Duck" Matthews in his 1991 film The Five Heartbeats.[3] He later wrote, directed and produced Making The Five Heartbeats (2018), a documentary film about the production process and behind the scenes insight into creating the film. Townsend is also known for his production company Townsend Entertainment [4] which has produced films Playin' for Love,[5] In the Hive and more. During the 1980s and early''1990s, Townsend gained national exposure through his stand-up comedy routines and appearances on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Townsend has worked with talent including Halle Berry, Morgan Freeman, Chris Tucker, Beyonc(C), Denzel Washington and many more.[6][7][8] Early life and career [ edit ] Townsend was born in Chicago, Illinois, the second of four children[9] to Shirley (n(C)e Jenkins) and Ed Townsend. His mother ended up raising him and his three siblings as a single parent. Growing up on the city's west side, Townsend attended Austin High School; graduating in 1975.[10] He became interested in acting as a teenager. During a reading of Sophocles' Oedipus Rex in high school, Townsend captured the attention of Chicago's X Bag Theatre, The Experimental Black Actors Guild. Townsend later auditioned for parts at Chicago's Experimental Black Actors' Guild and performed in local plays studying at the famed Second City comedy workshop for improvisation in 1974. Townsend had a brief uncredited role in the 1975 movie Cooley High. After high school, Townsend enrolled at Illinois State University, studied a year and later moved to New York to study at the Negro Ensemble Company. Townsend's mother believed that he should complete his college education, but he felt that college took time away from his passion for acting, and he soon dropped out of school to pursue his acting career full-time. Career [ edit ] Townsend auditioned to be part of Saturday Night Live's 1980''1981 cast, but was rejected in favor of Eddie Murphy. In 1982, Townsend appeared as one of the main characters in the PBS series Another Page, a program produced by Kentucky Educational Television that taught literacy to adults through serialized stories. Townsend later appeared in small parts in films like A Soldier's Story (1984), directed by Norman Jewison, and after its success garnered much more substantial parts in films like The Mighty Quinn (1989) with Denzel Washington.[11][12][13] In 1987, Townsend wrote, directed and produced Hollywood Shuffle, a satire based on the hardships and obstacles that black actors undergo in the film industry. The success of his first project helped him establish himself in the industry.[6][14] Another of his films was The Five Heartbeats based on 1960s R&B male groups and the tribulations of the music industry. Townsend created and produced two television variety shows'--the CableACE award''winning Robert Townsend and His Partners in Crime for HBO, and the Fox Television variety show Townsend Television (1993). He also created and starred in the WB Network's sitcom The Parent 'Hood which originally ran from January 1995 to July 1999. In 2018, Townsend also directed 2 episodes for the B.E.T. Series American Soul which began airing in 2019. The show is about Don Cornelius and Soul Train. Townsend was programming director at the Black Family Channel, but the network folded in 2007. Townsend created The Robert Townsend Foundation, a nonprofit organization whose mission is to introduce and help new unsigned filmmakers. Awards and other credits [ edit ] Townsend directed the 2001 TV movie, Livin' for Love: The Natalie Cole Story for which Cole won the NAACP Image Award as Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special. Townsend also directed two television movies in 2001 and 2002 respectively, Carmen: A Hip Hopera and 10,000 Black Men Named George. In 2013 Townsend was nominated for an Ovation Award in the category of "Lead Actor in a Musical" for his role as Dan in the La Mirada Theatre for the Performing Arts production of Next to Normal.[15] Personal life [ edit ] Townsend was married to Cheri Jones[16] from September 15, 1990, to August 9, 2001.[17] Together they have two daughters, Sierra and Skylar (Skye Townsend), both entertainers, and a son, Isiah.[6] Filmography [ edit ] Further reading [ edit ] Alexander, George. Why We Make Movies: Black Filmmakers Talk About the Magic of Cinema. Harlem Moon. 2003.Collier, Aldore. "Robert Townsend: a new kind of Hollywood dreamer. Actor-producer-director plans to make films that uplift and transform Black audiences". Ebony Magazine. 1 June 1991.Rogers, Brent. Robert Townsend Article in Perspectives. Sustaining Digital History, 12 November 2007.References [ edit ] ^ "Robert Townsend". The New York Times. ^ "As Robert Townsend Sees It : He's Fighting Stereotypes With 'Meteor Man' and New TV Show". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2010-10-10 . ^ The Five Heartbeats , retrieved 2019-09-16 ^ "Townsend Entertainment - IMDbPro". pro.imdb.com . Retrieved 2018-03-06 . ^ "Playin' For Love". Black Cinema Connection. 2014-11-05 . Retrieved 2018-03-06 . ^ a b c "About". Robert Townsend. Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. ^ "Carmen: A Hip Hopera", Wikipedia, 2019-08-09 , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ B*A*P*S , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ "Townsend, Robert (1957-)". BlackPast.Org. 2008 . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ "1975 Austin High School Yearbook (Chicago, Illinois)". Classmates.com. 1975 . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ Vincent Canby, "Review/Film; Tropical Murder", The New York Times, February 17, 1989. ^ The Mighty Quinn , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ A Soldier's Story , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ Hollywood Shuffle , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ "2013 Ovation Awards Nominees '-- South by Southeast". thisstage.la. LA STAGE Alliance. September 16, 2013 . Retrieved 2017-04-21 . ^ "The Week's Best Photo". Google Books. JET Magazine. March 25, 1991 . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ Gimenes, Erika (2001). "Robert Townsend to divorce". Hollywood.com . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ "Jackie's Back! (1999)" at IMDb. External links [ edit ] Robert Townsend on IMDbRobert Townsend (Official Website) (9) Charles Woods (The Professor) - Hollywood's Tricknology: Mandingo To Malcolm X - YouTube Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:59 Tyler Perry Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:57 Tyler Perry is a world-renowned producer, director, actor, screenwriter, playwright, author, songwriter, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. Tyler Perry's Story Tyler Perry is a world-renowned producer, director, actor, screenwriter, playwright, author, songwriter, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. Read His Story Outreach Since 2006, The Perry Foundation's aim has been to transform tragedy into triumph by empowering the economically disadvantaged to achieve a better quality of life. We focus on health and clean water, education and technology, arts and culture, and globally-sustainable economic development. Get Involved Visit Website You are viewing Tyler Perry Entertainment. If you'd like to view the Tyler Perry Studios, click here. Black writers courageously staring down the white gaze '' this is why we all must read them | Stan Grant | Opinion | The Guardian Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:46 The white gaze '' it is a phrase that resonates in black American literature. Writers from WEB Du Bois to Ralph Ellison to James Baldwin and Toni Morrison have struggled with it and railed against it. As Morrison '' a Nobel Laureate '' once said: Our lives have no meaning, no depth without the white gaze. And I have spent my entire writing life trying to make sure that the white gaze was not the dominant one in any of my books. The white gaze: it traps black people in white imaginations. It is the eyes of a white schoolteacher who sees a black student and lowers expectations. It is the eyes of a white cop who sees a black person and looks twice '' or worse, feels for a gun. Du Bois explored this more than a century ago in his book The Souls of Black Folk, reflecting on his conversations with white people and the ensuing delicate dance around the ''Negro problem''. Between me and the other world there is an ever unasked question'.... All, nevertheless, flutter around it ... Instead of saying directly, how does it feel to be a problem? They say, I know an excellent coloured man in my town ... To the real question '... I answer seldom a word. Baldwin was as ever more direct and piercing, writing in his book Nobody Knows My Name. I have spent most of my life ... watching white people and outwitting them so that I might survive. The flame has passed to a new generation. In 2015 three more black writers have stared down the white gaze. In their own ways Ta-Nehisi Coates, Claudia Rankine and George Yancy have held up a mirror to white America. These are uncompromising and fearless voices. Coates' searing essay Between The World And Me critiques America against a backdrop of black deaths at the hands of police. He says the country's history is rooted in slavery and the assault against the black body. In the form of a letter to his son, Coates writes: Here is what I would like for you to know: In America it is traditional to destroy the black body '' it is heritage. In Citizen '' An American Lyric, poet Rankine reflects on the black experience from the victims of Hurricane Katrina, or Trayvon Martin, a 17 year-old black youth shot dead by a neighbourhood watch volunteer who was acquitted, or black tennis star Serena Williams. In each case Rankine sees lives framed by whiteness. She writes: Because white men can't police their imagination, black men are dying. Philosophy Professor George Yancy just last week penned a letter in the New York Times addressed to ''Dear White America''. He asks his countrymen to listen with love, and to look at those things that might cause pain and terror. All white people, he says, benefit from racism and this means each, in their own way, are racist. '...don't run to seek shelter from your own racism'...practice being vulnerable. Being neither a ''good'' white person, nor a liberal white person will get you off the proverbial hook. Their unflinching work is not tempered by the fact a black man is in the White House '' that only makes their voices more urgent. Coates, Rankine, Yancy '' each has been variously praised and awarded, yet each has been pilloried as well. This is inevitable when some people don't like what the mirror reflects. It takes courage for a black person to speak to a white world, a world that can render invisible people of colour, unless they begin to more closely resemble white people themselves '' an education, a house in the suburbs, a good job, lighter skin. In Australia, too, black voices are defying the white gaze. We may not have the popular cut through of a Morrison or a Baldwin or a Coates, but we have a proud tradition '' Oodgeroo Noonuccal, Kevin Gilbert, Ruby Langford or more recently Kim Scott, Alexis Wright, Anita Heiss. I have spent some time recently reading some of the most powerful works of Indigenous writers. Their styles and genres are many and varied but there is a common and powerful theme of defiance and survival. This is a world so instantly recognisable to us '' Indigenous people '' but still so foreign to white Australia. Natalie Harkin's book of poetry, Dirty Words, is a subversive dictionary that turns English words back on their users: A is apology, B is for Boat People '... G is for Genocide ... S for Survival. ''How do you dream,'' she writes, ''When your lucky country does not sleep''. Bruce Pascoe's Dark Emu challenges the white stereotype of the ''primitive hunter gatherer''. He says the economy and culture of Indigenous people has been grossly undervalued. He cites journals and diaries of explorers and colonists to reveal the industry and ingenuity of pre-colonial Aboriginal society. He says it is a window into a world of people building dams and wells and houses, irrigating and harvesting seed and creating elaborate cemeteries. Pascoe's work demands to be taught in our schools. Tony Birch is an acclaimed novelist and his latest Ghost River is remarkable. It is the story of two friends navigating the journey into adulthood guided by the men of the river '' men others may see as homeless and hopeless. It is a work infused with a sense of place and belonging. Ellen Van Neerven's Heat and Light is a genre-busting mystical journey into identity: sexual, racial and national. It is provocative and challenging and mind bending, and altogether stunning. You won't find many of these titles in the annual best book lists. Occasionally they pop up, but not as often as they deserve. You probably won't hear much of Samuel Wagan Watson's Love Poems and Death Threats, or Ken Canning's Yimbama, or Lionel Fogarty's Eelahroo (Long Ago) Nyah (Looking) Mobo-Mobo (Future). That these works are not more widely read is a national shame. In our busy lives, try to find time for some of these books in 2016 '' read with the courage of these writers. George Yancy asks white Americans to become ''un-sutured'', to open themselves up and let go of their white innocence. Why is this important? Well, for white people it may simply be a matter of choice '' the fate of black people may not affect them. For us it is survival '' the white gaze means we die young, are locked up and locked out of work and education. We hear a lot about recognition '' acknowledging Indigenous people in the Australian constitution. But there is another recognition '' recognising the pervasive and too often destructive role of race in our lives, and the need to lift our gaze above it. Queen | Definition of Queen by Merriam-Webster Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:40 To save this word, you'll need to log in. ËkwÄ'n 1 a : the wife or widow of a king b : the wife or widow of a tribal chief 2 a : a female monarch b : a female chieftain 3 a : a woman eminent in rank, power, or attractions a movie queen b : a goddess or a thing personified as female and having supremacy in a specified realm c : an attractive girl or woman especially : a beauty contest winner 4 : the most privileged piece of each color in a set of chessmen having the power to move in any direction across any number of unoccupied squares 5 : a playing card marked with a stylized figure of a queen 6 : the fertile fully developed female of social bees, ants, and termites whose function is to lay eggs 7 : a mature female cat kept especially for breeding 8 slang , often disparaging : a male homosexual especially : an effeminate one queened ; queening ; queens intransitive verb 1 : to act like a queen especially : to put on airs '-- usually used with it queens it over her friends 2 : to become a queen in chess the pawn queens Pan-Africanism - Wikipedia Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:37 Worldwide movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of solidarity between all people of African descent Pan-Africanism is a worldwide movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of solidarity between all indigenous and diasporan ethnic groups of African descent. Based on a common goal dating back to the Atlantic slave trade, the movement extends beyond continental Africans with a substantial support base among the African diaspora in the Caribbean, Latin America, the United States and Canada and Europe.[1][2] It is based on the belief that unity is vital to economic, social, and political progress and aims to "unify and uplift" people of African descent.[3] The ideology asserts that the fate of all African people and countries[clarification needed ] are intertwined. At its core Pan-Africanism is a belief that ''African people, both on the continent and in the diaspora, share not merely a common history, but a common destiny".[4] Pan-Africanist intellectual, cultural, and political movements tend to view all Africans and descendants of Africans as belonging to a single "race" and sharing cultural unity. Pan-Africanism posits a sense of a shared historical fate for Africans in the Americas, West Indies, and, on the continent itself, has centered on the Atlantic trade in slaves, African slavery, and European imperialism.[5] The Organization of African Unity (now the African Union) was established in 1963 to safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity of its Member States and to promote global relations within the framework of the United Nations.[6] The African Union Commission has its seat in Addis Ababa and the Pan-African Parliament has its seat in Johannesburg and Midrand. Overview [ edit ] Pan-Africanism stresses the need for "collective self-reliance".[7] Pan-Africanism exists as a governmental and grassroots objective. Pan-African advocates include leaders such as Haile Selassie, Julius Nyerere, Ahmed S(C)kou Tour(C), Kwame Nkrumah, King Sobhuza II, Thomas Sankara and Muammar Gaddafi, grassroots organizers such as Marcus Garvey and Malcolm X, academics such as W. E. B. Du Bois, and others in the diaspora.[8][9][10] Pan-Africanists believe that solidarity will enable the continent to fulfill its potential to independently provide for all its people. Crucially, an all-African alliance would empower African people globally. The realization of the Pan-African objective would lead to "power consolidation in Africa", which "would compel a reallocation of global resources, as well as unleashing a fiercer psychological energy and political assertion...that would unsettle social and political (power) structures...in the Americas".[11] Advocates of Pan-Africanism'--i.e. "Pan-Africans" or "Pan-Africanists"'--often champion socialist principles and tend to be opposed to external political and economic involvement on the continent. Critics accuse the ideology of homogenizing the experience of people of African descent. They also point to the difficulties of reconciling current divisions within countries on the continent and within communities in the diaspora.[11] History [ edit ] As a philosophy, Pan-Africanism represents the aggregation of the historical, cultural, spiritual, artistic, scientific, and philosophical legacies of Africans from past times to the present. Pan-Africanism as an ethical system traces its origins from ancient times, and promotes values that are the product of the African civilisations and the struggles against slavery, racism, colonialism, and neo-colonialism.[8] Alongside a large number of slaves insurrections, by the end of the 19th century a political movement developed across the Americas, Europe and Africa that sought to weld disparate movements into a network of solidarity, putting an end to oppression. Another important political form of a religious Pan-Africanist worldview appeared in the form of Ethiopianism.[12] In London, the Sons of Africa was a political group addressed by Quobna Ottobah Cugoano in the 1791 edition of his book Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil of Slavery. The group addressed meetings and organised letter-writing campaigns, published campaigning material and visited parliament. They wrote to figures such as Granville Sharp, William Pitt and other members of the white abolition movement, as well as King George III and the Prince of Wales, the future George IV. Modern Pan-Africanism began around the start of the 20th century. The African Association, later renamed the Pan-African Association, was established around 1897 by Henry Sylvester-Williams, who organized the First Pan-African Conference in London in 1900.[13][14][15] With the independence of Ghana in March 1957, Kwame Nkrumah was elected as the first Prime Minister and President of the State.[16] Nkrumah emerged as a major advocate for the unity of Independent Africa. The Ghanaian President embodied a political activist approach to pan-Africanism as he championed the "quest for regional integration of the whole of the African continent".[17] This period represented a "Golden Age of high pan-African ambitions"; the Continent had experienced revolution and decolonization from Western powers and the narrative of rebirth and solidarity had gained momentum within the pan-African movement.[17] Nkrumah's pan-African principles intended for a union between the Independent African states upon a recognition of their commonality (i.e. suppression under imperialism). Pan-Africanism under Nkrumah evolved past the assumptions of a racially exclusive movement associated with black Africa, and adopted a political discourse of regional unity [18] In April 1958, Nkrumah hosted the first All-African Peoples' Conference (AAPC) in Accra, Ghana. This Conference invited delegates of political movements and major political leaders. With the exception of South Africa, all Independent States of the Continent attended: Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Liberia, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia and Sudan.[18] This Conference signified a monumental event in the pan-African movement, as it revealed a political and social union between those considered Arabic states and the black African regions. Further, the Conference espoused a common African Nationalist identity, among the States, of unity and anti-Imperialism. Frantz Fanon, journalist, freedom fighter and a member of the Algerian FLN party attended the conference as a delegate for Algeria.[19] Considering the armed struggle of the FLN against French colonial rule, the attendees of the Conference agreed to support the struggle of those States under colonial oppression. This encouraged the commitment of direct involvement in the "emancipation of the Continent; thus, a fight against colonial pressures on South Africa was declared and the full support of the FLN struggle in Algeria, against French colonial rule"".[20] In the years following 1958, Accra Conference also marked the establishment of a new foreign policy of non-alignment as between the US and USSR, and the will to establish an "African Identity" in global affairs by advocating a unity between the African States on international relations. "This would be based on the Bandung Declaration, the Charter of the UN and on loyalty to UN decisions."[20] In 1959, Nkrumah, President S(C)kou Tour(C) of Guinea and President William Tubman of Liberia met at Sanniquellie and signed the Sanniquellie Declaration outlining the principles for the achievement of the unity of Independent African States whilst maintaining a national identity and autonomous constitutional structure.[21][22] The Declaration called for a revised understanding of pan-Africanism and the uniting of the Independent States. In 1960, the second All-African Peoples' Conference was held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.[23] The membership of the All-African Peoples' Organisation (AAPO) had increased with the inclusion of the "Algerian Provisional Government (as they had not yet won independence), Cameroun, Guinea, Nigeria, Somalia and the United Arab Republic".[24] The Conference highlighted diverging ideologies within the movement, as Nkrumah's call for a political and economic union between the Independent African States gained little agreement. The disagreements following 1960 gave rise to two rival factions within the pan-African movement: the Casablanca Bloc and the Brazzaville Bloc.[25] In 1962, Algeria gained independence from French colonial rule and Ahmed Ben Bella assumed Presidency. Ben Bella was a strong advocate for pan-Africanism and an African Unity. Following the FLN's armed struggle for liberation, Ben Bella spoke at the UN and espoused for Independent Africa's role in providing military and financial support to the African liberation movements opposing apartheid and fighting Portuguese colonialism.[26] In search of a united voice, in 1963 at an African Summit conference in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 32 African states met and established the Organization of African Unity (OAU). The creation of the OAU Charter took place at this Summit and defines a coordinated "effort to raise the standard of living of member States and defend their sovereignty" by supporting freedom fighters and decolonisation.[27] Thus, was the formation of the African Liberation Committee (ALC), during the 1963 Summit. Championing the support of liberation movements, was Algeria's President Ben Bella, immediately "donated 100 million francs to its finances and was one of the first countries, of the Organisation to boycott Portuguese and South African goods".[26] In 1969, Algiers hosted the Pan-African Cultural Festival, on July 21 and it continued for eight days.[28] At this moment in history, Algeria stood as a ''beacon of African and Third-World militancy,''[28] and would come to inspire fights against colonialism around the world. The festival attracted thousands from African states and the African Diaspora, including the Black Panthers. It represented the application of the tenets of the Algerian revolution to the rest of Africa, and symbolized the re-shaping of the definition of pan-African identity under the common experience of colonialism.[28] The Festival further strengthened Algeria's President, Boumediene's standing in Africa and the Third World.[28] After the death of Kwame Nkrumah in 1972, Muammar Qaddafi assumed the mantle of leader of the Pan-Africanist movement and became the most outspoken advocate of African Unity, like Nkrumah before him '' for the advent of a "United States of Africa".[29] In the United States, the term is closely associated with Afrocentrism, an ideology of African-American identity politics that emerged during the civil rights movement of the 1960s to 1970s.[30] Concept [ edit ] As originally conceived by Henry Sylvester-Williams (although some historians[who? ] credit the idea to Edward Wilmot Blyden), Pan-Africanism referred to the unity of all continental Africa.[31] During apartheid South Africa there was a Pan Africanist Congress that dealt with the oppression of Africans in South Africa under Apartheid rule. Other pan-Africanist organisations include: Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association-African Communities League, TransAfrica and the International People's Democratic Uhuru Movement. Additionally, Pan-Africanism is seen as an endeavor to return to what are deemed by its proponents as singular, traditional African concepts about culture, society, and values. Examples of this include L(C)opold S(C)dar Senghor's N(C)gritude movement, and Mobutu Sese Seko's view of Authenticit(C). An important theme running through much pan-Africanist literature concerns the historical links between different countries on the continent, and the benefits of cooperation as a way of resisting imperialism and colonialism. In the 21st century, some Pan-Africanists aim to address globalisation and the problems of environmental justice. For instance, at the conference "Pan-Africanism for a New Generation"[32] held at the University of Oxford, June 2011, Ledum Mittee, the current president of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), argued that environmental justice movements across the African continent should create horizontal linkages in order to better protect the interests of threatened peoples and the ecological systems in which they are embedded, and upon which their survival depends. Some universities went as far as creating "Departments of Pan-African Studies" in the late 1960s. This includes the California State University, where that department was founded in 1969 as a direct reaction to the civil rights movement, and is today dedicated to "teaching students about the African World Experience", to "demonstrate to the campus and the community the richness, vibrance, diversity, and vitality of African, African American, and Caribbean cultures" and to "presenting students and the community with an Afrocentric analysis" of anti-black racism.[33]Syracuse University also offers a master's degree in "Pan African Studies".[34] Pan-African colors [ edit ] The flags of numerous states in Africa and of Pan-African groups use green, yellow and red. This colour combination was originally adopted from the 1897 flag of Ethiopia, and was inspired by the fact that Ethiopia is the continent's oldest independent nation,[35] thus making the Ethiopian green, yellow and red the closest visual representation of Pan-Africanism. This is in comparison to the Black Nationalist flag, representing political theory centred around the eugenicist caste-stratified colonial Americas.[36] The UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association) flag, is a tri-color flag consisting of three equal horizontal bands of (from top down) red, black and green. The UNIA formally adopted it on August 13, 1920,[37] during its month-long convention at Madison Square Garden in New York.[38][39] Variations of the flag have been used in various countries and territories in Africa and the Americas to represent Black Nationalist ideologies. Among these are the flags of Malawi, Kenya and Saint Kitts and Nevis. Several Pan-African organizations and movements have also often employed the emblematic red, black and green tri-color scheme in variety of contexts. Maafa studies [ edit ] Maafa is an aspect of Pan-African studies. The term collectively refers to 500 years of suffering (including the present) of people of African heritage through slavery, imperialism, colonialism, and other forms of oppression.[40][41] In this area of study, both the actual history and the legacy of that history are studied as a single discourse. The emphasis in the historical narrative is on African agents, as opposed to non-African agents.[42] Political parties and organizations [ edit ] In Africa [ edit ] Organisation of African Unity, succeeded by the African UnionAfrican Unification FrontRassemblement D(C)mocratique AfricainAll-African People's Revolutionary PartyConvention People's Party (Ghana)Pan-African Renaissance[43]Economic Freedom Fighters (South Africa)Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (South Africa)In the Caribbean [ edit ] The Pan-African Affairs Commission for Pan-African Affairs, a unit within the Office of the Prime Minister of Barbados.[44]African Society for Cultural Relations with Independent Africa (Guyana)Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement (Antigua and Barbuda)Clement Payne Movement (Barbados)Marcus Garvey People's Political Party (Jamaica)Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (Jamaica)In the United Kingdom [ edit ] Pan-African FederationIn the United States [ edit ] The Council on African Affairs (CAA): founded in 1937 by Max Yergan and Paul Robeson, the CAA was the first major U.S. organization whose focus was on providing pertinent and up-to-date information about Pan-Africanism across the United States, particularly to African Americans. Probably the most successful campaign of the Council was for South African famine relief in 1946. The CAA was hopeful that, following World War II, there would be a move towards Third World independence under the trusteeship of the United Nations.[45] To the CAA's dismay, the proposals introduced by the U.S. government to the conference in April/May 1945 set no clear limits on the duration of colonialism and no motions towards allowing territorial possessions to move towards self-government.[45] Liberal supporters abandoned the CAA, and the federal government cracked down on its operations. In 1953 the CAA was charged with subversion under the McCarran Internal Security Act. Its principal leaders, including Robeson, W. E. B. Du Bois, and Alphaeus Hunton (1903''70), were subjected to harassment, indictments, and in the case of Hunton, imprisonment. Under the weight of internal disputes, government repression, and financial hardships, the Council on African Affairs disbanded in 1955.[46]The US Organization was founded in 1965 by Maulana Karenga, following the Watts riots. It is based on the synthetic African philosophy of kawaida, and is perhaps best known for creating Kwanzaa and the Nguzo Saba ("seven principles"). In the words of its founder and chair, Karenga, "the essential task of our organization Us has been and remains to provide a philosophy, a set of principles and a program which inspires a personal and social practice that not only satisfies human need but transforms people in the process, making them self-conscious agents of their own life and liberation".[47]Pan-African concepts and philosophies [ edit ] Afrocentric Pan-Africanism [ edit ] Afrocentric Pan-Africanism is espoused by Kwabena Faheem Ashanti in his book The Psychotechnology of Brainwashing: Crucifying Willie Lynch. Another newer movement that has evolved from the early Afrocentric school is the Afrisecal movement or Afrisecaism of Francis Ohanyido, a Nigerian philosopher-poet.[48] Black Nationalism is sometimes associated with this form of pan-Africanism. Kawaida [ edit ] Hip hop [ edit ] Since the late 1970s, hip hop has emerged as a powerful force that has partly shaped black identity worldwide. In his 2005 article "Hip-hop Turns 30: Whatcha Celebratin' For?", Greg Tate describes hip-hop culture as the product of a Pan-African state of mind. It is an "ethnic enclave/empowerment zone that has served as a foothold for the poorest among us to get a grip on the land of the prosperous".[49] Hip-hop unifies those of African descent globally in its movement towards greater economic, social and political power. Andreana Clay in her article "Keepin' it Real: Black Youth, Hip-Hop Culture, and Black Identity" states that hip-hop provides the world with "vivid illustrations of Black lived experience", creating bonds of black identity across the globe.[50] From a Pan-African perspective, Hip-Hop Culture can be a conduit to authenticate a black identity, and in doing so, creates a unifying and uplifting force among Africans that Pan-Africanism sets out to achieve. Pan-African art [ edit ] Further information on pan-African film festivals see: FESPACO and PAFFSee also [ edit ] Literature [ edit ] Hakim Adi & Marika Sherwood, Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787, London: Routledgem 2003.Imanuel Geiss, Panafrikanismus. Zur Geschichte der Dekolonisation. Habilitation, EVA, Frankfurt am Main, 1968, English as: The Pan-African Movement, London: Methuen, 1974, ISBN 0-416-16710-1, and as: The Pan-African Movement. A history of Pan-Africanism in America, Europe and Africa, New York: Africana Publ., 1974, ISBN 0-8419-0161-9.Colin Legum, Pan-Africanism: A Short Political Guide, revised edition, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1965.Tony Martin, Pan-African Connection: From Slavery to Garvey and Beyond, Dover: The Majority Press, 1985.References [ edit ] ^ Austin, David (Fall 2007). "All Roads Led to Montreal: Black Power, the Caribbean and the Black Radical Tradition in Canada". Journal of African American History. 92 (4): 516''539 . Retrieved March 30, 2019 . ^ Oloruntoba-Oju, Omotayo (December 2012). "Pan Africanism, Myth and History in African and Caribbean Drama". Journal of Pan African Studies. 5 (8): 190 ff. ^ Frick, Janari, et al. (2006), History: Learner's Book, p. 235, South Africa: New Africa Books. ^ Makalani, Minkah (2011), "Pan-Africanism". Africana Age. ^ New Dictionary of the History of Ideas. The Gale Group, Inc. 2005. ^ About the African Union Archived January 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. ^ "The objectives of the PAP", The Pan-African Parliament '' 2014 and beyond. ^ a b Falola, Toyin; Essien, Kwame (2013). Pan-Africanism, and the Politics of African Citizenship and Identity. London: Routledge. pp. 71''72. ISBN 1135005192 . Retrieved September 26, 2015 . ^ Goebel, Anti-Imperial Metropolis, pp. 250''278. ^ Maguire, K., "Ghana re-evaluates Nkrumah", GlobalPost, October 21, 2009. Retrieved September 13, 2012. ^ a b Agyeman, O., Pan-Africanism and Its Detractors: A Response to Harvard's Race Effacing Universalists, Harvard University Press (1998), cited in Mawere, Munyaradzi; Tapuwa R. Mubaya, African Philosophy and Thought Systems: A Search for a Culture and Philosophy of Belonging, Langaa RPCIG (2016), p. 89. ISBN 9789956763016. Retrieved August 23, 2018. ^ "Pan-Africanism". exhibitions.nypl.org . Retrieved February 16, 2017 . ^ "A history of Pan-Africanism", New Internationalist, 326, August 2000. ^ The History of Pan Africanism, PADEAP (Pan African Development Education and Advocacy Programme). ^ Lubin, Alex, "The Contingencies of Pan-Africanism", Geographies of Liberation: The Making of an Afro-Arab Political Imaginary, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014, p. 71. ^ Smith-Asante, E., "Biography of Ghana's first President, Dr Kwame Nkrumah", Graphic Online, March 8, 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2017. ^ a b Mkandawire, P. (2005). African Intellectuals: Rethinking Politics, Language, Gender and Development, Dakar: Codesria/London: Zed Books, p. 58. Retrieved March 23, 2017. ^ a b Legum, C. (1965). Pan-Africanism: a short political guide, New York, etc.: Frederick A. Praeger, p. 41. ^ Adi, H., & M. Sherwood (2003). Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787, London: Routledge, p. 66. ^ a b Legum (1965). Pan-Africanism, p. 42. ^ Adi & Sherwood (2003). Pan-African History, p. 179. ^ Legum (1965), Pan-Africanism, p. 45. ^ Legum (1965). Pan-Africanism, p. 46. ^ Legum (1965), Pan-Africanism, p. 47. ^ Martin, G. (2012). African Political Thought, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ^ a b Adi & Sherwood (2003), Pan-African History, p. 10. ^ "African states unite against white rule", ON THIS DAY | May25. BBC News. Retrieved March 23, 2017. ^ a b c d Evans, M., & J. Phillips (2008). Algeria: Anger of the Dispossessed, Yale University Press, pp. 97''98. ^ Martin, G. (December 23, 2012). African Political Thought. Springer. ISBN 9781137062055. ^ See e.g. Ronald W. Walters, Pan Africanism in the African Diaspora: An Analysis of Modern Afrocentric Political Movements, African American Life Series, Wayne State University Press, 1997, p. 68. ^ Campbell, Crystal Z. (December 2006). "Sculpting a Pan-African Culture in the Art of N(C)gritude: A Model for African Artist" (PDF) . The Journal of Pan African Studies. Archived from the original on June 1, 2015. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) ^ Oxford University African Society Conference, Corpus Christi College, Oxford University, May 5, 2012. ^ "About Us". Csus.edu . Retrieved October 15, 2015 . ^ The M.A. in Pan African Studies Archived October 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, African American Studies at Syracuse University. ^ Smith, Whitney (2001). Flag Lore of All Nations . Millbrook Press. p. 36. ISBN 0761317538 . Retrieved October 7, 2014 . ^ Lionel K., McPherson; Shelby, Tommie (Spring 2004). "Blackness and Blood: Interpreting African American Identity" (PDF) . Philosophy and Public Affairs. 32: 171''192. ^ Wikisource contributors, "The Declaration of the Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World", Wikisource, The Free Library. (Retrieved October 6, 2007). ^ "25,000 Negroes Convene: International Gathering Will Prepare Own Bill of Rights", The New York Times, August 2, 1920. Proquest. Retrieved October 5, 2007. ^ "Negroes Adopt Bill Of Rights: Convention Approves Plan for African Republic and Sets to Work on Preparation of Constitution of the Colored Race Negro Complaints Aggression Condemned Recognition Demanded". The Christian Science Monitor, August 17, 1920. Proquest. Retrieved October 5, 2007. ^ "What Holocaust". "Glenn Reitz". Archived from the original on October 18, 2007. ^ "The Maafa, African Holocaust". Swagga. ^ Ogunleye, Tolagbe (1997). "African American Folklore: Its Role in Reconstructing African American History". Journal of Black Studies. 27 (4): 435''455. ISSN 0021-9347. ^ "Pan-African Renaissance". ^ Rodney Worrell (2005). Pan-Africanism in Barbados: An Analysis of the Activities of the Major 20th-century Pan-African Formations in Barbados. New Academia Publishing, LLC. pp. 99''102. ISBN 978-0-9744934-6-6. ^ a b Duberman, Martin. Paul Robeson, 1989, pp. 296''97. ^ "Council on African Affairs", African Activist Archive. ^ "Philosophy, Principles, and Program". The Organization Us. ^ "Francis Okechukwu Ohanyido". African Resource. ^ Tate, Greg, "Hip-hop Turns 30: Whatcha Celebratin' For?", Village Voice, January 4, 2005. ^ Clay, Andreana. "Keepin' it Real: Black Youth, Hip-Hop Culture, and Black Identity". In American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 46.10 (2003): 1346''58. External links [ edit ] SNCC Digital Gateway: Pan-Africanism'--Digital documentary website created by the SNCC Legacy Project and Duke University, telling the story of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee & grassroots organizing from the inside-outAfrican UnionAfrican Code Unity Through DiversityA-APRP WebsiteThe Major Pan-African news and articles siteProfessor David Murphy (November 15, 2015). "The Performance of Pan-Africanism: performing black identity at major pan-African festivals, 1966''2010" (Podcast). The University of Edinburgh . Retrieved January 28, 2016 '' via Soundcloud. Ebro Darden - Wikipedia Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:36 Ebro Darden BornIbrahim Jamil Darden ( 1975-03-17 ) March 17, 1975 (age 44) NationalityAmericanOccupationMedia executiveradio personalityYears active1990''presentKnown forHot 97 radio personalityBeats1 DJChildren1Websitewww.EbroDarden.comIbrahim "Ebro" Darden (born March 17, 1975) is an American media executive and radio personality. Until 2014, he was Vice President of Programming for Emmis Communications' New York contemporary urban station WQHT (Hot 97). He is currently a co-host on the Hot 97 morning show, Ebro in the Morning, alongside Peter Rosenberg, and Laura Stylez. As of 2015, Darden also hosts a hip hop music-based radio show on Beats 1. Early life [ edit ] Darden was born to a black father and a Jewish mother. He attended a Pentecostal church and Hebrew school while growing up in Oakland and Sacramento.[1] Career [ edit ] Start in radio [ edit ] Darden began his career in radio in 1990 at KSFM in Sacramento, California, while he was still a teenager. At KSFM he worked in research and as a sales runner until moving into programming as an intern, and later co-hosting for KSFM's night and morning shows. In 1997, he worked at KBMB in Sacramento as Programming and Music Director, as well as an afternoon host. Eventually, Darden became Operations Manager at KBMB, while also co-hosting mornings at KXJM in Portland, Oregon, in 1999. Hot 97 [ edit ] In 2003, Darden became Music Director for WQHT, ultimately becoming the Program Director for the station in 2007.[2][3][4] Darden worked alongside several past WQHT Hot 97 morning show co-hosts including Star and Bucwild, Miss Jones, DJ Envy, Sway, and Joe Budden from 2004 to 2007, and introduced Cipha Sounds and Peter Rosenberg to the AM drive in 2009. He rejoined the Hot 97 Morning Show in 2012, alongside Cipha Sounds, Peter Rosenberg, and Laura Stylez. As Programming Director and on-air host, Darden was the main voice of several events at Hot 97 including Nicki Minaj's relationship with the station, and her alleged sexual relationship with the host; Hurricane Sandy; and Mister Cee's personal life.[5] In 2014, VH1 announced a new unscripted comedy series, This Is Hot 97, which featured Darden and fellow hosts including Angie Martinez, Funkmaster Flex, Peter Rosenberg, Cipha Sounds, Miss Info, and Laura Stylez.[6] Beats 1 [ edit ] In addition to his current on-air role at Hot 97, Darden is now one of three anchor DJs on Beats 1, an Internet radio service from Apple Music. Feuds and controversy [ edit ] A comedic rivalry between Darden and fellow accomplished radio personality Charlamagne Tha God of Power 105.1 has been ongoing for years. In May 2017, Darden clarified their relationship, stating, "The stuff we do on the radio is stupid. It's for fun. I make fun of you for fun. That's it. It's not that deep... me and that dude don't have a personal problem... a personal relationship".[7] Darden was mentioned in Remy Ma's "shETHER" diss track, on which Ma insinuated that he slept with Nicki Minaj by stating "Coke head, you cheated on your man with Ebro". After jokingly going back and forth with both Ma and her husband Papoose on social media, Darden denied the rumors, stating that he and Minaj had only a professional relationship.[8] Ebro has been in an ongoing feud with Brooklyn artist 6ix9ine. Ebro made fun of 6ix9ine as looking like a clown and criticized him for bragging about streaming numbers,[9] and 6ix9ine responded on the song "Stoopid" with the line "That nigga Ebro, he a bitch/Just another old nigga on a young nigga dick." [10] Personal life [ edit ] Darden has a daughter, Isa, who was born in 2014.[11] Recognition [ edit ] In 2013, he was recognized by Radio Ink as a future African American leader.[12] Filmography [ edit ] References [ edit ] Queen & Slim (2019) - IMDb Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:13 3 nominations. See more awards >> Learn more More Like This Comedy | Crime | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.1 / 10 X A detective investigates the death of a patriarch of an eccentric, combative family. Director:Rian Johnson Stars:Daniel Craig,Chris Evans,Ana de Armas Action | Crime | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.6 / 10 X An embattled NYPD detective is thrust into a citywide manhunt for a pair of cop killers after uncovering a massive and unexpected conspiracy. Director:Brian Kirk Stars:Chadwick Boseman,Sienna Miller,J.K. Simmons Action | Biography | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.5 / 10 X The extraordinary tale of Harriet Tubman's escape from slavery and transformation into one of America's greatest heroes, whose courage, ingenuity, and tenacity freed hundreds of slaves and changed the course of history. Director:Kasi Lemmons Stars:Cynthia Erivo,Leslie Odom Jr.,Joe Alwyn Biography | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.9 / 10 X Based on the true story of a real-life friendship between Fred Rogers and journalist Tom Junod. Director:Marielle Heller Stars:Tom Hanks,Matthew Rhys,Chris Cooper Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.2 / 10 X A young actor's stormy childhood and early adult years as he struggles to reconcile with his father and deal with his mental health. Director:Alma Har'el Stars:Shia LaBeouf,Lucas Hedges,Noah Jupe Drama | Romance | Sport 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.7 / 10 X Traces the journey of a suburban family - led by a well-intentioned but domineering father - as they navigate love, forgiveness, and coming together in the aftermath of a loss. Director:Trey Edward Shults Stars:Taylor Russell,Kelvin Harrison Jr.,Alexa Demie Comedy | Drama | War 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.1 / 10 X A young boy in Hitler's army finds out his mother is hiding a Jewish girl in their home. Director:Taika Waititi Stars:Roman Griffin Davis,Thomasin McKenzie,Scarlett Johansson Action | Crime | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5.7 / 10 X A rookie New Orleans police officer is forced to balance her identity as a black woman after she witnesses two corrupt cops committing murder. Director:Deon Taylor Stars:Naomie Harris,Frank Grillo,Mike Colter Biography | Drama | History 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.3 / 10 X A corporate defense attorney takes on an environmental lawsuit against a chemical company that exposes a lengthy history of pollution. Director:Todd Haynes Stars:Anne Hathaway,Mark Ruffalo,William Jackson Harper Drama | Fantasy | Horror 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.3 / 10 X Two lighthouse keepers try to maintain their sanity while living on a remote and mysterious New England island in the 1890s. Director:Robert Eggers Stars:Willem Dafoe,Robert Pattinson,Valeriia Karaman Crime | Drama | Mystery 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.5 / 10 X Consummate con man Roy Courtnay has set his sights on his latest mark: the recently widowed Betty McLeish, worth millions. But this time, what should have been a simple swindle escalates into a cat-and-mouse game with the ultimate stakes. Director:Bill Condon Stars:Helen Mirren,Ian McKellen,Russell Tovey Crime | Drama | Mystery 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.1 / 10 X In 1950s New York, a lonely private detective afflicted with Tourette's Syndrome ventures to solve the murder of his mentor and only friend. Director:Edward Norton Stars:Edward Norton,Gugu Mbatha-Raw,Alec Baldwin Edit Storyline Slim and Queen's first date takes an unexpected turn when a policeman pulls them over for a minor traffic violation. When the situation escalates, Slim takes the officer's gun and shoots him in self-defence. Now labelled cop killers in the media, Slim and Queen feel that they have no choice but to go on the run and evade the law. When a video of the incident goes viral, the unwitting outlaws soon become a symbol of trauma, terror, grief and pain for people all across the country Written bystmc-25959 Plot Summary | Add Synopsis Motion Picture Rating (MPAA) Rated R for violence, some strong sexuality, nudity, pervasive language, and brief drug use. | See all certifications >> Edit Details Release Date: 27 November 2019 (USA) See more >> Edit Box Office Opening Weekend USA: $11,700,000, 1 December 2019 Gross USA: $15,810,000 Cumulative Worldwide Gross: $15,810,000 See more on IMDbPro >> Company Credits Technical Specs Runtime: 131 min Aspect Ratio: 2.39 : 1 See full technical specs >> Edit Did You Know? Trivia First feature film to be directed by Melina Matsoukas, who has previously only directed music videos and TV episodes. See more >> Quotes Slim :Are you tryin' to die? Queen :No. I just always wanted to do that. Slim :Well, don't do it while I'm drivin' Queen :You should try it. Slim :Nah, I'm good. Queen :Pull over. Slim :Na-ah. Queen :Come on! Pull over. Pull over! Slim :If I do, would you please, let me drive the rest of the way it is? Queen :Swear to God. [...] See more >> Explore popular and recently added TV series available to stream now with Prime Video. Start your free trial Music in this episode Intro: Puff Daddy - It's all about the benjamins Outro: Blue Magic - Sideshow Donate to the show at moefundme.com Search for us in your podcast directory or use this link to subscribe to the feed Podcast Feed For more information: MoeFactz.com

On this day in 1912, the birth of the greatest athlete you might never have heard of - Olympic silver medalist and community advocate Mack Robinson. His brother, Jackie, is better known, but there's a reason their hometown of Pasadena, California installed bronze busts of both brothers outside City Hall. Plus, a new study out of Harvard asks the important question: do runners actually go faster by bending their arms as they race? Two Lives After Losing to Jesse Owens (New York TImes) Matthew MacKenzie “Mack” Robinson (1912-2000) (BlackPast.org) Running with your arms bent does not make you go any faster than with straight arms, Harvard study finds (Yahoo! News) Run on over to Patreon and back Cool Weird Awesome! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/coolweirdawesome/message

From the Pages of BlackPast.org: Six African American Women You have Never Heard of Who Changed the West (and the World) In this lecture, Professor Taylor examined six little-known black women whose experiences helped challenge and redefine the basic narrative of the black historical experience. He explored how BlackPast.org changes the narrative of African American history by making available to a global audience significant people, places, and events. The Lucile Berkeley Buchanan Memorial Lecture is a free speaker series celebrating Lucile Berkeley, whose parents were emancipated slaves who settled in Colorado in 1882. Lucile Berkeley Buchanan Jones was a lifelong educator, a visionary who stood up against injustice, a woman of faith, and a firm believer in the electoral process. She graduated with a BA in German from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1918 and taught high school in Arkansas, Kansas, and Illinois. "As a researcher and writer, Quintard Taylor has played a leading role in the revitalization of the field of Western American history," Patty Limerick, Faculty Director of the Center of the American West, said. "And, as a dynamic speaker, he delivers insight with an intensity and energy nearly unmatched among scholars." Quintard Taylor, the Scott and Dorothy Bullitt Professor of American History at the University of Washington, is the author of The Forging of a Black Community: Seattle's Central District from 1870 through the Civil Rights Era and In Search of the Racial Frontier: African Americans in the American West, 1528-1990. In 2004, Taylor created BlackPast.org. BlackPast houses over 3,000 pages of information, has links to over 600 other websites, and features contributions by more than 400 scholars. It is now one of the largest reference websites for African American and Global: African history.

(EDIT: https://queerasfact.tumblr.com/post/185360189722/hi-guys-i-just-listened-to-your-episode-on ) Where Laura and Will talk about Marsha P. Johnson and Josephine Baker. Our recommendations this month are Nasraa, and a Tamara de Lempicka play https://www.instagram.com/nasraad/ https://wtfestival.org/main-events/lempicka/    [Disclaimer: some of the sources may contain triggering material] Biography.com. Josephine Baker. Retrieved Apr 30 2016 from http://www.biography.com/people/josephine-baker-9195959 Encyclopædia Britannica. (2008, January 1.) Josephine Baker.https://www.britannica.com/biography/Josephine-Baker Jerkins, M. (2016, June 3.) 90 Years Later, The Radical Power of Josephine Baker´s Banana Skirt. Vogue. Retrieved Apr 30 2016 fromhttp://www.vogue.com/13442586/josephine-baker-90th-anniversary-banana-skirt/ Jolley, L. Josephine Baker. The State Historical Society of Missouri. Retrieved Apr 30 2016 from http://shsmo.org/historicmissourians/name/b/baker/ Enclopedia of World Biography. Josephine Baker. Retrieved Apr 30 2016 from http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ba-Be/Baker-Josephine.html Croasly, S. (2016, July 6.) Exploring the France Josephine baker Loved. New York Times. Retrieved Apr 30 2016 fromhttp://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/17/travel/josephine-baker-paris-france.html?_r=0 Onion, R. (2014, April 8.) Josephine Baker´s Rainbow Tribe. Retrieved Apr 30 2016 fromhttp://www.slate.com/articles/arts/history/2014/04/josephine_baker_s_rainbow_tribe_before_madonna_and_angelina_jolie_the_expat.html Theile, M. (2009, October 2.) Josephine Baker´s Rainbow Tribe. The Spiegel. Retrieved Apr 30 2016 fromhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/adopting-the-world-josephine-baker-s-rainbow-tribe-a-652613.html Weber, B. (2015, January 15.) Jean-Claude Baker Dies at 71; Restaurateur Honoured a Chantause. New York Times. Retrieved Apr 30 2016 fromhttp://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/16/nyregion/jean-claude-baker-a-restaurateur-dies-at-71.html Griffith, J. (2014, December 31.) Josephine Baker: From Exotic Dancer to Activist. BBC. Retrieved Apr 30 2016 from  http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20141222-from-exotic-dancer-to-activist National Women´s History Museum. Josephine Baker. Retrieved Apr 30 2016 from https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/josephine-baker/ Blackpast.org. (1963) Josephine Baker, “Speech at the March on Washington. Retrieved Apr 30 2016 from http://www.blackpast.org/1963-josephine-baker-speech-march-washington Born, T. Marsha “Pay it no Mind” Johnson. Retrieved Mar 10 2016 fromhttp://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/tgi-bios/marsha-p-johnson Kasino, Michael. (2012, October 15.) Pay It No Mind - The Life And Times Of Marsha P. Johnson.Retrieved Mar 10 2016 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjN9W2KstqE King, J. (2015, June 25.) Meet the Trans Women of Color Who Helped Put Stonewall on the Map. Retrieved Mar 10 2016 fromhttps://mic.com/articles/121256/meet-marsha-p-johnson-and-sylvia-rivera-transgender-stonewall-veterans Encyclopædia Britannica. Stonewall Riots. Retrieved Mar 10 2016 fromhttps://www.britannica.com/event/Stonewall-riots Reynolds, D. (2016, June 22.) Roland Emmerich: ‘Stonewall Was a White Event’.Retrieved Mar 10 2016 fromhttp://www.advocate.com/film/2016/6/22/roland-emmerich-stonewall-was-white-event          

This month, Mariano and Allegra delve into the world of Black Jockeys in the late 1800s into the 1900s with a focus on the career of Isaac Burns Murphy. The highest paid jockey of his time. References biography.com  Isaac Burns Murphy Athlete 1861-1896  June 2015 BlackPast.org  Murphy, Isaac Burns Encyclopedia Britannica  britannica.com  Isaac Burns Murphy [...]

Euell Aira Nielsen, a native of Sewell, New Jersey, recently relocated to St. Thomas, Virgin Islands. A living historian, Euell is the 3rd of 4 generations to be members at the First African Presbyterian Church (Philadelphia, PA), the nation's oldest African American Presbyterian congregation, founded by a former slave in 1807. Euell has operated several small businesses, to include, Herstories (historical portrayals), Twist This (balloon twisting), Island Treazures (handmade crafts) & Dimaje (photography). Her interests and hobbies include animals, reading & researching, spending time with family, traveling, riding her bike, photography (including underwater photography}, crafting, genealogy, & historical research. In March 2017, Euell received an award for her 62+ writings on African Americans for the website, Blackpast.org . Since then she has been featured in newspaper and magazine articles about her cemetery photography, military service and historical re-enacting. She is currently working on a manuscript about her past influential church members. Euell attended Freedom Theater, Glassboro State College (now Rowan University) & Community College of Philadelphia. A wife, mother of 3 boys, & grandmother to 3 girls, Euell is also a US  Army Reserves Vet & the Chaplain for the 2016-2017 administration of Zeresh #103, Order of Eastern Star. Before relocating to St. Thomas, USVI, Euell took on the task of becoming a living historian, assuming the role of Patriot, Hannah Till, a former cook to George Washington, Lafayette, and their troops, and former member of First African Presbyterian Church. Visit Euell's historical works at: http://j.mp/2vFekGy

Euell Aira Nielsen, of Sewell, NJ, recently relocated to St. Thomas, Virgin Islands. Euell has operated several small businesses, to include, Herstories (historical portrayals), Twist This (balloon twisting), Island Treazures (handmade crafts) & Dimaje (photography). Her interests and hobbies include animals, reading & researching, spending time with family, traveling, riding her bike, photography, crafting, genealogy, & historical research. In March 2017, Euell received an award for her 62+ writings on African Americans for the website Blackpast.org. Since then she has been featured in newspaper & magazine articles about her cemetery photography, military service, & historical re-enacting. She is currently working on a manuscript about her past influential church members. Visit Euell's historical works at:http://j.mp/2vFekGy Suzette Chinnery Jackson is the owner of suzycreations7, the home of her arts/crafts; local food & drinks; jewelry, paintings; & her specialties: hand-crafting baby blankets and scarfs for women; decorated dolls; large blankets; & table cloths.  A true entrepreneur, Suzette also own JVS Marketing LLC where she sells Caribbean homemade organic seasonings in various categories such as: Mild; Mild Low Salt; Mild No salt; Hot; & Extreme Hot. Reach Suzette at 340-228-0133 or at suzycreations7@gmail.com  or PO Box 10970, St. Thomas, USVI 00801.

Black Explorers Podcast Number 2   Hello History friends!   Welcome back to rememberinghistory.com where we are remembering history and we’re making it.   I’m Robin and I’m the host of this great and groundbreaking podcast series about Black explorers. In the first podcast of this series, we discussed William Sheppard who was one of the first black missionaries in Africa. He explored the Congo River region, established relationships with the local people like the Bakuba, learned the Kuba language and learned their techniques in hunting, music, growing crops and ancestral worship. Sheppard also established one of the first humanitarian organizations in the world and brought international attention to the human rights abuses (like slavery and torture) being committed against the local people as part of the Belgian rubber industry. He did so much on both sides of the Atlantic and his legacy as an explorer, human rights activist and African art collector continues to grow and spread. If you have not heard the previous podcast about William Sheppard, I hope that you will do so. It is fascinating and so inspirational.   That’s what I love about the explorers in this podcast series; they are courageous and visionary, yes, but they are also real humanitarians and activists. They wanted to (and yes they did) leave a positive legacy in their travels that has inspired and continue to inspire people today.   The explorers—the history makers—in today’s podcast show are no exception. In this podcast show, we will take a special focus. Our great black explorers are women. Many times, when we think of explorers, we are thinking only of men. Yes, there were lots of men who are explorers. And traditionally men had the means and more opportunity to make explorations. But that didn’t stop many women—past and present—from following their dream to explore strange new worlds, seek out new life or new civilizations or boldly go where most people have not gone before. (Ok, yes, I borrowed that from Star Trek but this description definitely applies here!) These women explorers in today’s podcast show went far and wide in search of adventure…and they definitely found it. So, I hope that you will enjoy this show and their stories. And I really hope to show that we all can achieve our dreams if we are committed, determined and focused--just like the explorers in this great and groundbreaking podcast series.   Okay, before we get started, just a bit of housekeeping.   Please remember that you can find additional information about the people in this podcast series, you can listen to other interesting podcasts and read the bodacious blog on the rememberinghistory.com website and the Remembering History Facebook page. There is also a special Facebook page called the Remembering History Podcast page that focuses specifically on information in the Wiki history podcasts. But the website and both of the Facebook pages, you will find a great community of fun and friendly historians who welcome everyone into the fold. Start a new discussion. Ask a question. Make a criticism. Or just enjoy the banter. Just come and have a good time.   Also remember that there will be one final part to the black explorers podcast series in which we discuss the Black explorers of Mammoth mountain. Most of these explorers were former slaves and they were actually guides that went into the Mammoth caves, way down deep where most people would not venture to tread. But they did. And their stories are amazing. So, please stay tuned for part 3 of this podcast series.   So, that’s all the details for now. Without further ado, let’s get started discussing our two history makers, Black women explorers.   Our first great explorer challenged not only race and gender barriers but also an age barrier.   Her name is Barbara Hillary and she made history! She was the first African American woman to reach both the North Pole AND the South Pole! And she made these incredible accomplishments in her 70s.   But let me back up and tell her story properly; I am so excited to tell her accomplishments but I also want to tell her STORY because that is also amazing.   Barbara Hillary was born in New York in 1931. Her father died when she was a year old so her mother moved her and her sister to South Carolina where they would have a better chance to receive an education. Barbara Hillary later moved back to New York to attend New York University where she received her bachelor’s and master’s degrees. She then worked in nursing with a focus on training staff to care for aging patients and developing service delivery systems in nursing homes and other long-term care facilities. She had a long a distinguished career in the nursing industry.   Upon her retirement, Barbara Hillary developed an interest in Arctic travel and exploration. She began with photographing polar bears in Canada but this only whet her appetite to go deeper into the Arctic regions. She set her sights on the North Pole. She worked hard and raised $25,000 for her excursion. And she actually reached the North Pole on April 23, 2007—at the age of 75! Do you think that she stopped there? I mean, it was a difficult trip –-that she accomplished on skis--and she had already made history as the first African American woman to reach the North Pole. And she was certainly one of the oldest people ever to have reached the North Pole.   But no she didn’t stop there. No, she set her sights downwards. To the South Pole! And on January 6, 2011, she reached the South Pole at the age of 79! At one point along the trip, she was the only expeditioner left along the trip-the others had dropped out because of time, money or hardship. But not Barbara!   She skied to the very top of the world and the very bottom of the world within 5 years and in her 70s! (Yes, I said that she skied there!) She has absolutely made history! More importantly, she has made her dreams come true and she has shown that age, gender, class (she wasn’t a rich woman!) and race do not have to act as barriers to achieving dreams.   But I have told only part of Barbara Hillary’s story. She had already faced other obstacles—but those still didn’t stop her. Before even making her explorations, she had faced and survived lung cancer—at the age of 67. But her treatment had caused her to lose 25 percent of her lung capacity. And this was not her first bout with cancer; she had been diagnosed with breast cancer in her 20s. But she survived it. Then 40 years later, she survived lung cancer.   Then she faced the North and South Poles!   What an incredible lady. She also committed her infinite energy to community activism, being an advocate for senior and minority health and founding a magazine called The Peninsula.   But Barbara Hillary is not done yet. She has her sights on new horizons but, like the amazing lady that she is, she is keeping her secrets to herself—and will reveal them when she is ready.   Stay tuned! I’m sure that she will continue to amaze us all.   You can get more information about Barbara Hillary on the Remembering History Podcast page where you can find pictures, updates and even a short audio made by the Barbara Hillary herself about her explorations. There is also an interesting bio with links about her at Blackpast.org. (I haven’t mentioned that website before but it is an incredible resource on Black history so I highly recommend checking it. It has many contibutors, including myself, that are committed to keeping Black history alive. Remember Blackpast.org.) And Barbara Hillary has a website called barbarahillary.com where you can see more pictures and even make a donation to her next expedition. Barbarahillary.com.   Let’s move on discuss our next great explorer, our next history maker!   This story is a bit different from the others—you’ll see why in just a moment—but the story is still inspirational and even provides a lesson for us all. One might even call this story a fable but I’ll let you decide what you think of Saray Khumalo and her incredible determination.   She was determined to climb seven of the world’s highest summits—and she’s almost there. 43-year old Zambian born mother of two Saray Khumalo has already scaled Mount Kilimanjaro (Africa’s highest peak) and Mount Elbrus in Russia. Then she set her sights on the mother of all mountains: Mount Everest.   Not surprisingly, this has been a monumental task but for different reasons that you might think.   In 2014, Khumalo made her first attempt at climbing Mount Everest. And, yes, this would have made her the first black African woman to do it. (Of course, we remember that Sophie Danenberg was the first African American woman to climb Everest in 2006. Great story that you can find on last year’s wiki history podcast series on Great Explorers.) And Saray Khumalo was ready for the climb. She had prepared: She spent two weeks climbing in the Alps, she trained in the gym 5 days a week, and she went hiking, rock climbing and camping every weekend. She was ready. She had even raised 1 million rand for Lunchbox fund, an organization that provides lunches to school children in South Africa where she had moved after her marriage. She was ready physically, mentally and emotionally.   But sometimes events happen that change our plans. Events over which we have no control.   In 2014, Mount Everest experienced one of the worst avalanches in recorded history. Climbers were killed or missing. Guides were killed or went missing. Saray Khumalo, who was climbing at the time, was lucky: she lived and was unhurt. But the climb was cancelled and she had to leave the mountain.   But she was not deterred. In fact, Khumalo was determined to return to Mount Everest in the following year (2015) and reach her goal of scaling the world’s highest peak.   Again, Khumalo went through intensive training and preparation. And she raised funds for an organization called Multiply, which would build libraries for children in South Africa. She was ready and determined.   Another event occurred. This time, Nepal experienced a 7.8 magnitude earthquake. Thousands (estimates of 7, 500 people) were killed or went missing. Nepal itself was devastated.   Khumalo was climbing on the mountain when the devastating earthquake occurred. She was stranded for days on the mountain, often without any shelter. Helicopters were damaged or were searching for survivors on the mountain or below in Nepal so Khumalo had to use her training, wits and faith to survive until she could be rescued and returned to safety. And, fortunately, she did return to safety.   And, her climb was over. But she lived and was unharmed for which Saray Khumalo is grateful and happy. “I was able to return safely to my family,” she says. “Being the first black African woman to climb Everest would be fantastic,” she says, “but I don’t want to lose focus. I want to come back to my family. I want to come back alive.”   So thwarted by two devastating natural disasters—first the avalanche then the earthquake—Khumalo has not yet fulfilled her dream of scaling Mount Everest. But she definitely still has her sights set on the mountain. She has not given up her dream.   This passionate explorer notes that we all have our own little Everests.” “I believe ordinary people like me can reach extraordinary heights and if I can inspire a little child to say: ‘This homework is my own little Everest and I can also do it,’ then I would have done my job.”   Wow, that’s definitely the goal of this podcast series on great explorers: to inspire us to reach for greater heights, more distant shores, or whatever our dreams may be. Or as I always return to: to boldly go where no one has gone before. In short, as Saray Khumalo wisely said it, “to face our own everests.”   So, Saray Khumalo has not yet scaled Mount Everest (although remember that she has already scaled Kilimanjaro and Elbrus!) but she is still pursuing her dream. So, do you see how her story is slightly different than the others? But I also hope that you see how her story is so incredibly inspirational and so incredibly uplifting. Her story is not over so stay tuned for more amazing adventures and feats by this great woman explorer.   And remember her wise words: “We all have our everests.”   What is your Everest?   Saray Khumalo is so right about that. What is your Everest? How will you face it, scale it, conquer it?   I know it can be scary, even frightening, but remember the determination of today’s great explorers like Saray Khumalo and Barbara Hillary (who went to the North and South poles), and the courage of William Sheppard (whose explorations in the Congo that we learned about in the previous podcast show). They were ordinary people who followed the dreams and faced their everests. And you can too. We all can.   On this high note, I think that it’s a good time to close this podcast show about great explorers, who were also great black women. This is a group that does not get a lot of attention so I felt it was important to devote an entire podcast show to their accomplishments.   In the next show, we will focus on former slaves who explored the caves in Mammoth Mountain. They did extraordinary feats under very difficult circumstances and guess what? They emerged victorious. Their stories are often neglected but not in this great and groundbreaking podcast series. They will get their due—it’s their time. That podcast will be the finale of the black explorers podcast series. I hope that you will listen to all three shows in the series; you will definitely find them inspirational. Perhaps you will get a few ideas of your own. I hope so. And if you do, please share them on the rememberinghistory.com website or facebook page. I would love to hear them!   I hope that you will remember to visit the rememberinghistory.com website for additional information and discussion or the Remembering History Podcast page for more information and pictures of these great people.   I really do believe that a picture speaks a thousand words and it just makes it all feel so real when you can actually see these great explorers. Take a look. You will also find a great group of fun and friendly historians who love to meet new people and have great discussions.   I will end this podcast show by asking again: what is your Everest?   And I look forward to seeing you next time at rememberinghistory.com where we are remembering history and we’re making it.   And we’re remembering those who are making it.   Bye for now!    

The last two podcasts, we have been enjoying a discussion of Black History Month. On first day, we looked at what Black History month actually is and what people can do to recognize and celebrate it. Yes, it is a time for learning and it is also a time for celebration. I love food so I’m celebrating it by making food from my heritage every day this month. And I’ve put the pictures on my Facebook page. I hope that you have seen the Jollof Rice and plantains that I posted.  I hope that you are thinking of more ways to celebrate this great month. Remember, yes, history is very important but you can also commemorate the month through cultural activities (like music, art, or food) or political activities like attending a rally.  One great way to celebrate Black History Month is to celebrate the Black family. Spending time together as a family is a wonderful way to honor the month. You can even remember or set a place for the ancestors.   On the second day, we discussed who founded Black History Month. We noted that Dr. Carter G. Woodson originally started it as Negro History Week in 1926. It did not become a full month celebration until the mid-1970s.  Dr. Woodson was an honored and respected historian and scholar who was unhappy with how Black history was being taught and ignored in schools. His landmark book, The Mis-education of the Negro, should be required reading in every African American home. (It’s also a great read for Black History Month!)     In today’s podcast, we will discuss why Black History Month was important and why it’s still important today.   I think that this point is obvious to anyone who has listened to the first two podcasts about Black History Month.  (If you haven’t heard them, I really hope that you do. They’re not long but there is a lot of great information in them.) Why is Black History Month important? This is an important question to answer because it might NOT be obvious to many people, including African Americans.   Let’s begin this discussion with a quote by Dr. Carter G. Woodson:    If a race has no history, it has no worthwhile tradition, it becomes a negligible factor in the thought of the world, and it stands in danger of being exterminated.   Scary, huh? I think that this is a powerful  powerful quote from which to start the discussion. Dr. Woodson talks about the vulnerability of a people who do not know their history.  And it could make African Americans appear to lack value, tradition, and humanity. I think that we have seen some of the results recently as African Americans have been killed and punishment has been lacking. Black lives did not matter to those people.   Dr. Woodson also did not want African Americans to believe that our history consisted solely of slavery.  Certainly, slavery was a part of African American history—and we MUST remember that time and honor those who lived through it and passed their traditions to us-- but there is so much more to Black history than slavery. And this is why Black History Month is important and necessary.   In recent years, Black history is appearing more on the curriculum and that is great. However, it is only a broad view of Black history and only a small view of the contributions made by African Americans.   One distinguished historian (no, he’s not Black but he’s still great), David McCullough, wrote: For a free, self-governing people, something more than a vague familiarity of history is essential if we want to hold on to, and maintain, our freedom.   Dr. McCullough’s statement is a  “mantra” for African Americans and the study of African American history. And Black History Month is the right time to pierce the superficial veil of history and get to its heart and spirit.   In short, we need Black History Month to remind us of the great people before us, on whose backs we climb, whose vision we follow, and whose work, toil, and suffering have changed this country and the world.            Do you know who Benjamin Banneker is?          Do you know which courageous Black woman fought against lynching?          Have you ever heard the Negro National Anthem?   These are some questions to consider during Black History Month. And there are so many others!   Black History Month is important because it allows all people to pause and remember the important contributions of African Americans–and to celebrate the Black experience (and it’s a great and rich experience) throughout the world. Remember the quote from Dr. Woodson:   Those who have no record of what their forebears have accomplished lose the inspiration that comes from the teaching of biography and history. ~ Dr. Carter G. Woodson      We need the record. We must have that record. For ourselves and our children. We need it for our people. For our survival. And remember that we are still making history. History is not just about the past (remember that no one has ever lived in the past), it is about the present. We are caught up in the living moment and making history again for ourselves, our children, our people and the world.   So, I hope that you enjoyed this podcast about the continuing need for Black History Month.  I really enjoyed researching it and presenting it to you. I hope that you will remember, study, and celebrate Black History month.   Please remember to visit robinlofton.com.  I would love to hear your thoughts and ideas about Black History Month and what you are doing to celebrate this exciting month. As I said, one thing that I’m doing is making food from my heritage every day this month. I have posted pictures of my dishes on my Facebook page at Robin Lofton and Remembering History. I have also tweeted them. You can follow Waikoloarobin to see these dishes every day.   Finally, I want to remind you that for every one who listens to this podcast and every podcast this month, I will donate $1 to Blackpast.org, which is an online encyclopedia of African American history. It is a great resource so I hope that you also visit it and contribute to it. Remember, Blackpast.org. And don’t forget robinlofton.com. We are a great community here and everyone is welcome. Every day.   See you next time at robinlofton.com where we remember history and we make it!     Black History Month is here…get ready to be impressed!

Yesterday, I introduced Black History Month.  I discussed what this month is and means and all the ways great and small that people can celebrate this great month.  I also noted that everyone is invited to participate in Black History Month. It’s not just for African Americans (or even just for Black peopld worldwide) but also for all cultures and ethnicities, genders, ages, and interests.   Today, I will discuss the person who initiated or founded Black History month.   Have you heard of Dr. Carter G. Woodson?  Listen and prepare to be impressed!   Carter G. Woodson was born in Virginia in 1875,  the son of former slaves. As the eldest son of nine children, he helped to support the family by working as a sharecropper and a miner. But he was always an avid reader and interested student.  He graduated from Douglass High School, the University of Chicago, and, in 1912, became the second African American to receive a doctorate from Harvard University. (W.E.B. Dubois was the first.)   Throughout his studies, he noticed that the contributions of African Americans were never discussed or taught in school. African American history was either missing or misrepresented in the educational systems throughout the United States--both in the northern and southern states.  He was determined to change this problem.   In 1915, he founded the Association for Negro Life, which later became the Association for the Study of African American Life and History. This organization was—and still is--dedicated to ensuring that Black history was taught in school and studied by scholars. Perhaps many of us don’t understand or remember when Black history was not taught in schools or when the accomplishments and contributions of African Americans were not presented or acknowledged.  It was not that long ago.   Personally, I remember that throughout elementary school in the 1970s, we used a 500-page textbook for American history. In all those 500 pages, there was a single paragraph that mentioned African Americans. It mentioned slavery and how Blacks were brought to the United States as slaves then continued to say that President Lincoln freed the slaves!  We know that slavery was one part of African American history but there is so much more and it’s essential that this information become part of the standard education and to be treated as a scholarly pursuit.   In 1926, Dr. Woodson founded Negro History week, which was the second week of February. (Yes, it started as only a week.) Dr. Woodson chose the second week of February because it coincided with the birthdays of the great abolitionist Frederick Douglass and President Abraham Lincoln. He envisioned this week as a time for Blacks to learn about their history and culture.   In addition to teaching, Dr. Woodson wrote more than a dozen books, including the iconic and influential Mis-education of the Negro in 1933. This book, which is still required reading in some universities, discussed the western indoctrination of the educational system and the means of self-empowerment for African Americans. It is an incredible book that remains relevant today.  You can find this book, The Mis-education of the Negro, in the bookstore at robinlofton.com.  He also wrote numerous works of literature to teach African American history to elementary and secondary school students.   His continuous commitment to teaching and legitimizing Ahistory and culture in the United States have made these subjects essential parts of educational curricula throughout the country. For this reason, he is known as the father of Black History. He has definitely earned that distinguished title. I’m grateful for his hard work and vision.   Those who have no record of what their forebears have accomplished lose the inspiration that comes from teaching of biography and history. ~ Dr. Carter G. Woodson   Dr. Woodson died in 1950. In 1976, Negro History Week became Black History Month as African Americans started to embrace their culture and history.   This was the short story of Dr. Carter G. Woodson.  He also wrote the Negro National Anthem, which is a powerful and vivid reminder of how much progress African Americans have made in the United States.  It’s called Lift E’vry Voice and Sing! and is one of the most moving and uplifting songs that I’ve ever heard.   Well, that’s all for today’s podcast. Next time, we will ask:   Do we still need Black History Month?   In this podcast, we learned that Dr. Carter G. Woodson initiated Black History month to encourage people to learn about Black history and to support scholarly examination. Both are good reasons. But remember he founded Black History month in 1926. That’s a long time ago. Do we still need it today?   So, I hope that you enjoyed this podcast about Dr. Woodson.  I really enjoyed researching it and presenting it to you. I hope that you will take it further than I have. Please remember to visit robinlofton.com.  I would love to hear your thoughts and ideas about Black History Month and what you are doing to celebrate this exciting month. As I said, one thing that I’m doing is making food from my heritage every day this month. Yesterday, I made Jollof Rice, which is a dish from Gambia. Today, I made fried plantains. I have posted pictures of these dishes on my facebook page at Robin Lofton and Remembering History. I have also tweeted them. You can follow Waikoloarobin (spell it) to see these dishes every day.   Finally, I want to remind you that for every one who listens to this podcast and every podcast this month, I will donate $1 to Blackpast.org, which is an online encyclopedia of African American history. It is a great resource so I hope that you also visit it and contribute to it. Remember, Blackpast.org. And don’t forget robinlofton.com. We are a great community here and everyone is welcome. Every day.   See you next time at robinlofton.com where we remember history and we make it!

What is Black History Month?    Black History Month is a time for learning about the African American experience, which includes the history and other issues, events, and experiences that are important to the African American community. And might actually be important to all Americans. After all, we are one country.    This is a time for learning about the contributions of Black people, learning about the struggles, the victories, the difficulties, and the successes of African Americans.  As a child, Black History month was a time when we would change the focus from great American figures like Thomas Jefferson to “other” great Americans like Martin Luther King.  But we wouldn’t stop there. We would learn about “lesser known” African American “greats” like Benjamin Banneker, Bass Reeves, and Mary McLeod Bethune, Ida B. Wells. Just recently, I learned about Bessie Coleman who was the first Black woman aviator—she wasn’t permitted to learn to fly in the United States, so she taught herself French, moved to France, and learned to fly! There is so much more about this woman I can say but she was just one example of the great stories that are “hidden” about Black people.  Black History Month is a time for learning, but it is also a time for celebration. This is a month that we enjoy Black culture, food, music, dance, and art.   It’s a great time to go to a jazz concert or attend a concert of African drummers, go to an Ethiopian restaurant, or watch X by Spike Lee (again). Spend the month reading Roots by Alex Haley (yes, it is about 500 pages) or visit one of the African American history museums opening throughout the country. Have a barbecue (inside if it’s too cold) or attend a lecture on African American literature. There are many, many ways to celebrate Black History Month while learning and enjoying Black culture.   The list is endless.  I just started reading Black Like Me by John Howard Griffin. Wow! What a great book about a white man in the 1950s in Louisiana who through a chemical process turns himself black.  He has some interesting, scary and dangerous experiences that I’m not going to spoil for you but it is his insight into living in a white world and living in a black world that are so amazing. It reads so easily but it definitely gives you food for thought. Speaking of food, I thought that, in honor of Black history month, I would make one dish from Black culture every day. Today, I made Jollof rice, which is actually a dish from the Gambia in west Africa. I made a big pot (I probably won’t have to cook for a few days) but I will add something to it tomorrow like plantains (Caribbean) or fried okra. These sound fantastic. By the way, if you want to see my Jollof rice,  I have a picture of it on facebook, where you can find me at Robin Lofton or better the facebook page that I manage called, Remembering History.  Or you can follow me at waikoloarobin (spell it). Waikoloa is a town on the Big Island of Hawaii where I spend every summer. (say and spell it again).   Back to Black History month: There is something for all ages, genders, and interests to make it a month of learning and celebration. Just spend the month focusing on things African American. Is Black History Month just for African Americans? No way!    The month focuses on the Black experience but it is not only for African Americans.  It is for all Americans—Caucasian, Asian, Latinos, people of Arabic descent and the list goes on.  The stories include the full range of emotions and human experiences so everyone can find and connect to an aspect of African culture.     Still, I understand that every issue does not affect every one directly.  Every ethnic, racial, religious group feels that they deserve respect and acknowledgement. Both women and men feel that need for acknowledgement. Everyone deserves compassion.  But I do think that Black history month is a great time to remember the contributions of African Americans, African Caribbeans and Africans living on the continent. Remember, we are one world.     Black History month is a time to bask in the glory of being Black.  Every Black man, woman, and child can deepen his or her knowledge, feeling, and understanding of this great culture.  And everyone, absolutely everyone, can learn more about the Africans, the African Americans, and the African Caribbeans who built their countries and made important contributions to the world.   And don’t remember to spend time learning, but also spend time dancing, eating, reading and remembering the ancestors. Let’s celebrate Black History Month.        Stay tuned: Tomorrow we will learn the fascinating story of who initiated Black History Month.   And please visit robinlofton.com to leave your questions, comments and thoughts. I would love to hear how you celebrate Black History month or just what you think of Black History month. And I hope that you have visited my Facebook page at remembering history to tell me what you think of my Jollof rice picture. There’s gonna be lots of food pictures this month so keep coming back.   Finally, I want to remind you that for everyone who views this podcast or any of my podcasts this month, I will donate $1 to Blackpast.org, which is an online encyclopedia of African American history. It is also a great resource for research or just for curious minds who want to know more about history of Black people. Blackpast.org.    Hope you enjoyed this podcast. See you tomorrow to learn who started Black History Month. It really is a fascinating story. See you soon at robinlofton.com.