Podcasts about cpc central committee

China is set to make the development of new quality productive forces one of the top priorities of its next five-year plan, as policymakers seek to upgrade the nation's industrial structure, spur innovation-driven growth, and reinforce confidence in the long-term outlook of the world's second-largest economy, said officials, experts and global executives.官员、专家及全球企业高管表示，中国计划将发展新质生产力列为下一个五年规划的重点任务之一，政策制定者正致力于推动产业结构升级、激发创新驱动型增长，并增强对这一世界第二大经济体长期发展前景的信心。The new blueprint will serve as a crucial bridge between the current phase of recovery and China's goal of basically achieving socialist modernization by 2035. Experts said it underscores the country's resolve to reinvigorate growth amid domestic structural pressures and rising global uncertainties, steering the economy toward new drivers such as advanced manufacturing, green transformation and digital innovation.这份新蓝图将成为当前复苏阶段与中国2035年基本实现社会主义现代化目标之间的重要桥梁。专家指出，这凸显了中国在国内结构性压力和全球不确定性上升的背景下重振增长的决心，推动经济向先进制造业、绿色转型和数字创新等新动力方向发展。Their comments came as the market is closely watching the draft proposals for the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30), as the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is holding its fourth plenary session in Beijing to deliberate on the drafting of the blueprint for China's development over the next five years.他们的表态正值市场密切关注“十五五”规划草案之际，中共二十届四中全会正在北京召开，审议未来五年中国发展蓝图的编制工作。President Xi Jinping shed light on the likely key priorities in Shanghai in April as he presided over a symposium on China's economic and social development in the 15th Five-Year Plan period and delivered an important speech.4月，习近平主席在上海主持“十五五”时期经济社会发展座谈会并发表重要讲话，阐明了未来五年可能的重点任务。Xi, who is also general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, said higher strategic priority must be given to fostering new quality productive forces in line with local conditions in the next five years.作为中共中央总书记，习近平强调，未来五年必须结合地方实际，把培育新质生产力摆在更突出的战略位置。Highlighting the roles of technological innovation and the real economy, he called for efforts to transform and upgrade traditional industries, develop emerging industries, and make forward-thinking arrangements for industries of the future, in order to accelerate modernization of the industrial system.习近平主席强调科技创新和实体经济的重要作用，呼吁着力推动传统产业转型升级、发展战略性新兴产业、前瞻布局未来产业，以加快推进工业体系现代化。Robin Xing, chief China economist at Morgan Stanley, said his team believes that China will remain committed to deepening the economic transition anchored in technology and innovation to secure the supply chain and energy self-sufficiency. "We expect a tech-and supply-driven framework."摩根士丹利首席中国经济学家邢自强表示，其团队认为中国将继续致力于深化以科技和创新为核心的经济转型，保障供应链和能源自给自足，“我们预计将形成一个以科技和供应链为驱动的框架”。Zhang Ning, senior China economist at UBS Investment Bank, said China is likely to continue offering support in fundamental and frontier research, and in self-sufficiency technology bottleneck areas during the next five years.瑞银投资银行高级中国经济学家张宁指出，未来五年中国可能会继续支持基础研究和前沿研究，并在关键技术“卡脖子”领域助力自主可控。"We think fostering 'high-quality growth' will likely be the top priority over the next decade, mainly driven by innovation and total factor productivity growth," Zhang added.她补充道：“我们认为，未来十年‘高质量增长'有望成为首要任务，这一增长将主要由创新和全要素生产率提升驱动”。A meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, chaired by Xi in late September, discussed major issues related to the formulation of the 15th Five-Year Plan for national economic and social development.9月底，习近平主席主持召开中共中央政治局会议，研究“十五五”时期国民经济和社会发展规划编制的重大问题。The meeting stressed the need to remain committed to high-quality development, foster new quality productive forces in line with local conditions, and comprehensively deepen reform while further expanding high-level opening-up.会议强调，要坚持高质量发展，结合地方实际培育新质生产力，全面深化改革并进一步扩大高水平对外开放。Citing research topics for the next five-year plan released by the National Development and Reform Commission, the country's top economic regulator, Ye Fan, an analyst at Southwest Securities, said the scope of studies under the upcoming five-year plan has expanded significantly, with newly added topics accounting for about 50 percent of the total.西南证券分析师叶凡援引中国最高经济调控机构国家发展和改革委员会发布的“十五五”规划研究课题指出，下一个五年规划的研究范围大幅扩大，新增课题约占总数的50%。"Among them, subjects related to technological innovation and industrial development increased by 80 percent and 64 percent, respectively," Ye noted. "The topics cover key areas such as global technological and industrial transformation, talent development and innovation capacity building. In terms of industrial priorities, the focus is placed on key areas including the digital economy, artificial intelligence, services and healthcare."其中，科技创新和产业发展相关课题占比分别提升80%和64%，涵盖全球科技产业变革、人才培养、创新能力建设等关键领域；产业重点则聚焦数字经济、人工智能、服务业、医疗健康等方向。According to Ye, policymakers will place greater emphasis on development quality, efficiency and sustainability in the next five years. "It will drive industrial upgrading through technological innovation, deepen the integration of the digital and real economies, and promote a comprehensive green transformation of China's economy and society."叶凡表示，未来五年政策制定者将更注重发展质量、效率和可持续性，通过科技创新推动产业升级，深化数字经济与实体经济融合，促进中国经济社会全面绿色转型。In March 2024, Zheng Shanjie, head of the NDRC, told a symposium that the planning of the 15th Five-Year Plan will fully take into account the practical requirements for developing new quality productive forces.2024年3月，国家发展和改革委员会（NDRC）主任郑栅洁在一场座谈会上表示，“十五五”规划编制将充分考虑发展新质生产力的实际需求。He said policymakers will focus on identifying key tasks and foundational projects to promote the growth of new quality productive forces as they set major goals, strategic missions, reform measures, and large-scale projects for the next stage of China's economic and social development.他指出，政策制定者在确定下一阶段中国经济社会发展的主要目标、战略任务、改革举措和重大项目时，将重点明确推动新质生产力发展的关键任务和基础性项目。Hu Yuwei, chief policy analyst at China Securities, said the next five-year blueprint will place greater emphasis on innovation-driven growth, green and low-carbon development, and digital transformation to adapt to the trends of globalization and informatization.中国证券首席政策分析师胡玉玮表示，下一个五年规划蓝图将更加强调创新驱动增长、绿色低碳发展和数字化转型，以适应全球化和信息化趋势。China's innovation capacity has risen rapidly over the past few years. According to the "Global Innovation Index 2025" report released by the World Intellectual Property Organization, China has risen to 10th place in the global innovation ranking for 2025, up one spot from last year, marking its first entry into the top 10.过去几年，中国创新能力快速提升。根据世界知识产权组织发布的《2025年全球创新指数》报告，中国2025年全球创新排名升至第10位，较上年提升1位，首次进入前十。However, Hu cautioned that challenges remain. "Our basic research remains relatively weak, with insufficient concentration of scientific resources and a lack of systematic advantage in original innovation."不过，胡玉玮也提醒，挑战依然存在。“我国基础研究相对薄弱，科技资源集中度不足，原始创新缺乏系统性优势。”Hu suggested that during the next five years, China should strengthen its national strategic science and technology capacity, enhance self-reliance in core technologies, and promote advanced, smart and green manufacturing.胡玉玮建议，未来五年，中国应强化国家战略科技力量，提升核心技术自主可控能力，推动先进制造、智能制造和绿色制造发展。Global executives hailed China's ongoing efforts to foster new quality productive forces, saying that multinational corporations will see rising opportunities in the next few years.全球企业高管对中国培育新质生产力的持续努力表示赞赏，认为跨国公司未来几年将迎来更多机遇。"I don't see China only as just the market. I think China has probably become an engine for some specific innovations, which we can develop elsewhere," said Estelle Brachlianoff, CEO of Veolia, a French transnational group focusing on ecological environment and resource management.法国生态环境与资源管理跨国集团威立雅首席执行官埃斯特尔・布拉希利亚诺夫（音译）表示：“我不认为中国只是一个市场，我认为中国很可能已成为某些特定创新的引擎，这些创新成果也可应用到其他地区。”Brachlianoff said she is confident that China's upcoming 15th Five-Year Plan will keep green development high on the agenda, creating more opportunities for Veolia in areas such as decarbonization and ecological restoration.布拉希利亚诺夫称，她相信中国即将出台的“十五五”规划将继续把绿色发展置于重要议程，为威立雅在脱碳、生态修复等领域创造更多机会。Marc Horn, president of Merck China, said China is an important source of innovation. "We are very confident in staying the course and remaining committed to our investments (here in China)."默克集团中国区总裁何慕麒表示，中国是重要的创新源泉。“我们对在中国的发展道路充满信心，并将继续坚定投入。”underscore/ˌʌndəˈskɔː(r)/v.强调；凸显bottleneck/ˈbɒtlnek/n.瓶颈；障碍reinforce/ˌriːɪnˈfɔːs/v.增强；巩固deliberate/dɪˈlɪbəreɪt/v.审议；仔细考虑

China is likely to press ahead with expanding the global use of the yuan in a gradual and prudent manner during the 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026-30), while continuing to foster a sound environment for using and holding the Chinese currency, officials and experts said.官员及专家表示，“十四五”规划期间（2026-2030年），中国或将以循序渐进、审慎稳妥的方式推进人民币国际化进程，同时持续营造有利于人民币使用与持有良好环境。As the dollar-centered international monetary system appears increasingly fragile, efforts to raise the yuan's global profile are seen as essential not only for safeguarding China's financial security but also for enhancing the resilience of the global monetary framework, they said.他们指出，随着以美元为核心的国际货币体系脆弱性日益凸显，提升人民币国际地位不仅对维护中国金融安全至关重要，也有助于增强全球货币体系的韧性。Future reforms, they added, should focus on broadening capital market access for global investors with a more integrated framework, deepening capital account liberalization under prudent oversight, and enhancing exchange rate flexibility to support the stable, long-term internationalization of the yuan, or the renminbi.专家补充称，未来改革应聚焦三大方向：通过更完善的一体化框架拓宽全球投资者进入中国资本市场的渠道、在审慎监管下深化资本账户开放、增强汇率弹性，以此支撑人民币长期稳定的国际化进程（人民币又称“Renminbi”）。The People's Bank of China, the country's central bank, said that China will continue to improve the environment for both domestic and overseas entities holding and using the yuan, as the cross-border use of the renminbi is a natural process.中国人民银行（中国央行）表示，跨境人民币使用是自然发展过程，中国将持续优化境内外主体持有和使用人民币的环境。"As the pace of diversification in the international monetary system accelerates, business entities are showing a stronger endogenous demand for using the yuan," it said.央行还提到，“随着国际货币体系多元化进程加快，市场主体对使用人民币的内生需求不断增强”。Efforts will be made to integrate investment channels to attract more overseas investment in the onshore financial market, refine renminbi settlement policies for cross-border trade and investment, and encourage more qualified overseas institutions to issue panda bonds — yuan-denominated bonds sold in the onshore market by overseas entities, it added.同时将整合投资渠道以吸引更多境外资金进入在岸金融市场、完善跨境贸易和投资人民币结算政策，并鼓励更多符合条件的境外机构发行熊猫债券（即境外主体在境内市场发行的人民币计价债券）。China is likely to map out the path for expanding high-level opening-up during the ongoing fourth plenary session of the 20th Communist Party of China Central Committee, where draft proposals for formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for national economic and social development are being studied.中国或将在二十届四中全会期间明确高水平对外开放的推进路径，此次会议正研究制定“十四五”规划的国民经济和社会发展草案建议。President Xi Jinping highlighted the Chinese currency's heft as a core element of the country's financial strength in early 2024. Later last year, the resolution adopted at the third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee stressed that the country should steadily and prudently advance the internationalization of the yuan while promoting high-standard opening-up of the financial sector.2024年初，习近平主席强调人民币地位是中国金融实力的核心组成部分；去年下半年，二十届三中全会通过的决议明确提出，中国应在推进金融业高水平开放的同时，稳步审慎推进人民币国际化。Experts said the fourth plenary session may reaffirm the steady and prudent advancement of renminbi internationalization as one of the key tasks during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.专家认为，四中全会可能会重申“稳步审慎推进人民币国际化”是“十四五”期间的重点任务之一。Guan Tao, global chief economist at investment bank BOCI China, said, "China needs to advance the gradual opening of the capital account to further facilitate the cross-border circulation and use of the yuan."中银国际全球首席经济学家管涛表示：“中国需逐步推进资本账户开放，以进一步便利人民币跨境流通与使用”。Generally speaking, the capital account records the net flow of investment into an economy.通常而言，资本账户记录一国经济体的投资净流入情况。Guan added that future opening steps are likely to follow a cautious and gradual approach, reflecting China's long-standing principle of moving forward step by step to ensure both safety and progress.管涛补充称，未来开放举措可能会延续“谨慎渐进”的思路，这体现了中国“稳中求进、确保安全”的长期原则。Marshall Mills, the International Monetary Fund's senior resident representative in China, said, "As China's role in the global economy and trade continues to grow, we expect the international use of the yuan to grow."国际货币基金组织（IMF）中国高级驻地代表马歇尔・米尔斯表示：“随着中国在全球经济和贸易中的作用持续提升，我们预计人民币的国际使用将不断增加”。Mills emphasized that the yuan's increasing use globally is a market-driven outcome.他同时强调，人民币国际使用的扩大是市场驱动的结果。Marking renminbi internationalization as a defining hallmark of China's financial opening-up, Wu Xiaoqiu, dean of the National Academy of Financial Research at Renmin University of China, said, "If a country's legal tender lacked global influence, the notion of great financial strength would be untenable."中国人民大学国家金融研究院院长吴晓球将人民币国际化视为中国金融开放的标志性事件，他指出：“若一个国家的法定货币缺乏国际影响力，那么‘金融强国'的理念便无从谈起”。Wu said that further opening the capital market is a priority for enhancing the global appeal of the renminbi. He suggested expanding treasury bond issuance — including replacing local government debt — to increase the supply of risk-free renminbi assets for global investors.吴晓球认为，进一步开放资本市场是提升人民币国际吸引力的首要任务，并建议通过扩大国债发行（包括置换地方政府债务），为全球投资者增加无风险人民币资产供给。Tian Xuan, president of Tsinghua University's National Institute of Financial Research, said that the next phase of China's capital market opening-up should focus on improving cross-border investment frameworks and expanding overseas institutions' access to onshore derivatives trading, such as futures on treasuries and stock indexes.清华大学国家金融研究院院长田轩则表示，中国资本市场下一阶段开放应重点完善跨境投资框架，并扩大境外机构参与在岸衍生品交易的范围，例如国债期货、股指期货等品种。prudent/ˈpruːdnt/adj.谨慎的；审慎的resilience/rɪˈzɪliəns/n.韧性；抗风险能力liberalization/ˌlɪbrəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/n.自由化

As China's 14th Five-Year Plan draws to a successful close, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee is underway in Beijing from October 20 to 23, a landmark meeting that will set the course for China's upcoming 15th Five-Year Plan and the nation's next phase of modernization. What new signals will this plenary send out about China's policy direction in the years ahead? And how will the 15th Five-Year Plan balance long-term strategy with short-term realities?

In 1954, one year after China initiated the inaugural Five-Year Plan (1953-57), a specialized factory for manufacturing bearings, core components of mechanical equipment, was set up in Luoyang, Henan province.1954年，即中国启动第一个五年计划（1953-1957年）后的一年，河南省洛阳市建成了一家专门生产轴承（机械设备核心零部件）的工厂。It was one of the 156 key projects launched nationwide during the period when the country was striving to build up the basic industries essential for national industrialization. These projects, spanning sectors such as steel, machinery, energy and chemical engineering, laid the foundation for China's industrialization in its early days, marking a determined stride from an agricultural society toward industrial prowess.该工厂是全国156个重点项目之一，这些项目在国家着力建设国民工业化必需的基础产业时期在全国范围内推进。这些项目涵盖钢铁、机械、能源、化工等多个领域，为中国早期工业化奠定了基础，标志着中国从农业社会向工业强国迈出了坚定步伐。Over 70 years later, Luoyang Bearing Group stands as a testament to this enduring vision, as it has evolved into an innovation-driven enterprise manufacturing over 30,000 types of high-precision bearings, vital to industries ranging from aerospace and wind power to rail transit and marine engineering.70多年后，洛阳轴承集团成为这一长远愿景的见证者——如今它已发展为一家创新驱动型企业，可生产超过3万种高精度轴承，对航空航天、风电、轨道交通、海洋工程等多个行业至关重要。During a visit to the company in May, President Xi Jinping, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, reflected on this remarkable progress, saying: "China has always adhered to the path of developing the real economy. From the past reliance on imported matches, soap and iron, to now becoming the world's largest manufacturing country with the most complete industrial categories, we have taken the right path."5月，中国共产党中央委员会总书记、中国共产党中央军事委员会主席、中华人民共和国主席、中华人民共和国中央军事委员会主席习近平在考察该企业时，回顾了这一显著发展历程，他指出：“中国始终坚持发展实体经济。从过去依赖进口火柴、肥皂、铁钉，到如今成为工业门类最齐全的世界第一制造大国，我们走对了路。”Sticking to this path, China has remained the world's largest manufacturing country for 15 consecutive years. Observers noted that this transformative journey underscores the profound efficacy of the five-year plan system as a fundamental instrument of China's governance.坚持这一道路，中国已连续15年保持世界第一制造大国地位。观察人士指出，这一变革性历程凸显了五年规划体系作为中国治理基本工具的深远效能。Five-year plans are crucial strategic documents that outline national goals, major tasks and policy directions in various sectors for each five-year period.五年规划是重要的战略文件，为每一个五年期内各领域的国家目标、重大任务和政策方向作出规划。It is an approach that experts say maintains policy continuity and stability toward established goals, and ensures the efficient and well-calibrated allocation of resources.专家表示，这一模式能够保障针对既定目标的政策连续性与稳定性，并确保资源得到高效、精准的配置。Formulating and implementing five-year plans has been a hallmark of the Communist Party of China's governance, enabling China to promote coordinated economic and social development over the medium and long terms. For China, the consistent theme from the first Five-Year Plan to the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25), as President Xi pointed out, has been to build China into a modern socialist country.制定和实施五年规划是中国共产党治国理政的显著特征，助力中国推动中长期经济社会协调发展。习近平主席指出，从第一个五年计划到第十四个五年计划（2021-2025年），中国始终围绕建设社会主义现代化国家这一主题推进各项工作。For more than seven decades, a key to the enduring vitality of the five-year plan system lies in "a synergistic relationship in which the top-level design and long-term perspective of national planning effectively complement the microlevel efficiency and innovative drive of the market economy", said Yan Yilong, deputy dean of the Institute for Contemporary China Studies at Tsinghua University.清华大学当代中国研究中心副主任阎学通表示，70多年来，五年规划体系保持持久活力的关键在于“国家规划的顶层设计和长远视野，与市场经济的微观效率和创新动力形成了协同互补的关系”。"This system operates on three pillars: building consensus on national goals through political guidance and scientific planning, breaking down goals into actionable tasks with evaluation and supervision, and ensuring resource allocation to support these objectives," Yan said.他指出：“这一体系依托三大支柱运行：通过政治引领和科学规划凝聚国家目标共识、将目标分解为可执行任务并辅以评估监督、保障资源配置以支撑这些目标的实现。”The five-year plans are not merely economic plans but comprehensive national development blueprints, and the robust implementation of these blueprints is the highlight of China's governance, he added.他补充道，五年规划不仅是经济规划，更是全面的国家发展蓝图，而这些蓝图的有力实施是中国治理的突出亮点。Acknowledging the nature and significance of China's five-year plan system, The Diplomat, a Washington, DC-based foreign affairs magazine, noted that "the plans are neither rigid blueprints nor mere guidelines. Instead, they act as authoritative signals that shape the behavior of ministries, provincial governments, State-owned enterprises, private firms, and increasingly foreign investors".美国华盛顿特区的外交杂志《外交家》认可中国五年规划体系的性质与意义，指出“这些规划既非僵化的蓝图，也非单纯的指导方针，而是具有权威性的信号，能够影响各部委、省级政府、国有企业、民营企业，乃至越来越多的外国投资者的行为”。Over the decades, China's five-year plans have guided continuous progress in national development and living standards, from ensuring adequate food and clothing after completing the sixth and seventh five-year plans in the 1980s to propelling China's total economic output to become the world's second-largest in the 11th Five-Year Plan (2006-10) period.数十年来，中国的五年规划引领国家发展和人民生活水平不断提升：20世纪80年代完成第六、七个五年计划后，中国解决了温饱问题；在第十一个五年计划（2006-2010年）期间，中国经济总量跃居世界第二。"Five-year plans illustrate the nation's shift from a planned economy to a socialist market economy," said Zhang Zhanbin, director of the Chinese Modernization Research Center at the Party School of the CPC Central Committee.中共中央党校（国家行政学院）中国式现代化研究中心主任张占斌表示：“五年规划见证了中国从计划经济向社会主义市场经济的转变。”He highlighted the transformative power of these plans by citing the example of the revitalization of Northeast China, comprising Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces.他以中国东北地区（包括黑龙江、吉林、辽宁三省）的振兴为例，凸显了五年规划的变革力量。The region became the nation's heavy-industry heartland during the first Five-Year Plan period and was reinvigorated decades later by the 10th Five-Year Plan (2001-05), which proposed to support the adjustment and transformation of the old industrial base. Each subsequent five-year plan has included dedicated sections outlining tasks for Northeast China's revitalization.“一五”时期，东北地区成为国家重工业基地；数十年后，第十个五年计划（2001-2005年）提出支持老工业基地调整改造，为该地区注入了新活力。此后的每一个五年规划中，都设有专门章节明确东北地区振兴的任务。The 14th Five-Year Plan has initiated a more comprehensive revitalization phase for Northeast China, with a State Council-approved implementation plan outlining a clear road map for the region's future.第十四个五年计划开启了东北地区全面振兴的新阶段，国务院批复的实施方案为该地区未来发展绘制了清晰路线图。"The elevating of the strategic positioning of Northeast China in the recent five-year plans reflects the Party and the country's earnest expectations for its comprehensive revitalization in the new era," Zhang said.张占斌指出：“近年来的五年规划不断提升东北地区的战略定位，这体现了党和国家对新时代东北全面振兴的殷切期望。”关键阶段The year 2025 signifies the conclusion of the 14th Five-Year Plan and is pivotal in shaping the subsequent five-year agenda.2025年是第十四个五年规划的收官之年，对制定后续五年规划议程具有关键意义。The 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30), the draft proposals of which are being discussed at the ongoing fourth plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, is tasked with achieving "decisive progress" in basically realizing socialist modernization by 2035, said Yan.阎学通表示，正在召开的党的二十届四中全会正在讨论第十五个五年计划（2026-2030年）草案建议，该规划的任务是到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化并取得“决定性进展”。Speaking at a symposium with provincial leaders in Shanghai in April, Xi pointed out that the scientific formulation and consistent implementation of five-year plans represent an important experience of the Party in governing the country and a major political strength of socialism with Chinese characteristics.4月，习近平在上海与省级领导干部座谈时指出，科学制定和坚决实施五年规划，是党治国理政的重要经验，也是中国特色社会主义的重要政治优势。Xi, who previously led the drafting groups for both the 13th and 14th five-year plans, has consistently emphasized strategic foresight in guiding each phase of national development.习近平曾牵头第十三、十四个五年规划的编制工作，他始终强调以战略远见引领国家各阶段发展。During the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-20) period, he underscored that this stage was decisive for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and highlighted the importance of leveraging strategic opportunities. For the 14th Five-Year Plan, he outlined the historic mission of advancing toward the second centenary goal and called for a profound understanding of the new stage of development, including its characteristics and requirements.在第十三个五年计划（2016-2020年）时期，他强调该阶段是全面建成小康社会的决胜阶段，并着重指出把握战略机遇的重要性；针对第十四个五年规划，他明确了向第二个百年奋斗目标迈进的历史使命，要求深刻认识新发展阶段的内涵与要求。广泛共识Looking ahead to the 15th Five-Year Plan, Xi has highlighted that the formulation and implementation of this plan has immense significance for fully realizing the strategic initiatives outlined at the 20th CPC National Congress and advancing Chinese modernization.展望第十五个五年规划，习近平强调，制定和实施这一规划，对全面落实党的二十大部署的战略任务、推进中国式现代化具有重大意义。In an instruction in May, he emphasized the importance of integrating top-level design with seeking advice from the public, enhancing research and discussions, and building broad consensus, and stressed sound, democratic and law-based decision-making to ensure that the next five-year plan is formulated with high quality.5月，习近平在一份指示中强调，要坚持顶层设计和问计于民相结合，深入开展调研论证，凝聚广泛共识，坚持科学决策、民主决策、依法决策，确保高质量编制好下一个五年规划。A key feature of the planning process has been the emphasis on public participation. From May 20 to June 20, an online campaign soliciting opinions for the 15th Five-Year Plan received over 3.11 million suggestions from the public. Xi described this as a vivid example of whole-process people's democracy and urged relevant departments to carefully study and absorb these valuable insights.公众参与是五年规划编制过程的重要特点。5月20日至6月20日，面向第十五个五年规划的网上意见征集活动收到了超过311万条公众建议。习近平称这是全过程人民民主的生动实践，并要求相关部门认真研究吸收这些宝贵意见。By integrating visionary guidance with inclusive governance, China's "target governance mechanism", exemplified by the five-year plan system, continues to be a vital tool for aligning national ambitions with the aspirations of its people, said Yan, the Tsinghua expert.阎学通表示，通过将远见引领与包容性治理相结合，以五年规划体系为代表的中国“目标治理机制”，仍是统筹国家愿景与人民期盼的重要工具。As China navigates a complex landscape of technological acceleration, economic transformation and strategic competition, the next five-year plan represents a critical step toward securing sustainable and high-quality development, he added.他补充道，在当前技术加速迭代、经济转型升级、国际竞争加剧的复杂形势下，下一个五年规划将是中国实现可持续高质量发展的关键一步。20th CPC Central Committee membersn.中共二十届中央委员会委员/ˈtwentiəθ ˌsiː piː ˈsiː ˈsentrəl kəˈmɪti ˈmembəz/15th Five-Year Plan researchers/expertsn.“十五五”规划研究者/专家/ˌfɪfˈtiːnθ ˈfaɪv jɪə plæn rɪˈsɜːtʃəz/ /ˈekspɜːts/

The 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has started its fourth plenary session in Beijing. General Secretary Xi Jinping of the CPC Central Committee delivered a work report.

APAC stocks were higher amid tailwinds from recent trade-related rhetoric, including US President Trump's comments on Friday that 100% tariffs are not sustainable and that he will be meeting with Chinese President Xi.Nikkei 225 surged to a fresh all-time high above the 49,000 level amid a reignition of the Takaichi trade with the LDP leader on track to become Japan's first female PM following an agreement to form a coalition with Japan's Innovation Party.In China, PBoC maintained LPRs as expected, whilst Chinese GDP, Industrial Production and Retail Sales either matched or topped forecasts, and the CPC Central Committee is also holding a four-day closed-door meeting through to Thursday.US President Trump said on Friday that they are getting along with China, and it looks like the meeting with China will go forward, while he could move the November 1st deadline up if he wanted. Trump added that they will make a deal that will be good for both countries and thinks they will be in a strong position in trade talks with China.Israel's Channel 12 reported that Israel was attacking Gaza, while the Israeli military said Hamas carried out multiple attacks against Israeli forces beyond the ‘yellow line', violating the ceasefire; both sides later said they will adhere to the ceasefire once again.S&P lowered France to 'A+' from 'AA-'; Outlook Stable, while it cited heightened risks to budgetary consolidation; European equity futures indicate a positive cash market open with Euro Stoxx 50 futures up 0.8% after the cash market finished with losses of 0.8% on Friday.Looking ahead, highlights include German Producer Prices (Sep), Canadian Producer Prices (Sep), US Leading Index (Sep), New Zealand Trade (Sep), CCP 4th Plenum (20th-23rd), Speakers including ECB's Schnabel & RBA's Jones, Supply from EU & Italy, Earnings from Sandvik, Zions Bancorp & Cleveland Cliffs.Read the full report covering Equities, Forex, Fixed Income, Commodites and more on Newsquawk

As the fourth plenary session of the 20th Communist Party of China Central Committee is held from Monday to Thursday, the spotlight will be on how China will use the key Party meeting to set the tone for its development priorities for the next five years amid persistent economic headwinds.中共二十届四中全会于周一至周四召开，在经济持续面临压力的背景下，外界聚焦中国将如何通过此次重要党内会议，为未来五年的发展重点定调。The fourth plenary session is expected to see the leadership reviewing the proposal of the CPC Central Committee for the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, which will lay the groundwork for the country's development from 2026 to 2030.此次四中全会预计将审议《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》，该建议将为中国2026至2030年的发展奠定基础。Observers said that what makes this meeting significant is not the prospect of dramatic shifts, but rather the reaffirmation of a steady and pragmatic vision that has enabled China to weather global uncertainty and maintain momentum as the world's second-largest economy.观察人士表示，此次会议的重要性不在于可能出现重大转向，而在于重申稳健务实的发展理念——正是这一理念帮助中国抵御了全球不确定性，作为世界第二大经济体保持了发展势头。Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, has chartered the course for the 15th Five-Year Plan. He has chaired a number of high-level meetings attended by senior officials to discuss key priorities for the new plan, while State media outlets have launched a national campaign to gather public input and feedback.中共中央总书记习近平为“十五五”规划指明了方向。他主持召开多次高级别会议，与高层官员共同研讨新规划的重点任务；同时，中央媒体启动全国性活动，征集公众意见与反馈。During an inspection tour to Shanghai in April, Xi presided over a symposium on China's economic and social development in the 15th Five-Year Plan period.今年4月习近平在上海考察期间，主持召开了“十五五”时期中国经济社会发展座谈会。"We must unswervingly manage our own affairs well, and stay committed to expanding high-standard opening-up," Xi told the symposium, while stressing the need to adapt to the changing global landscape and grasp strategic priorities for China's development.习近平在座谈会上表示：“我们要坚定不移办好自己的事，坚定扩大高水平对外开放。”他同时强调，要主动适应全球格局变化，把握中国发展的战略重点。"Greater emphasis should be placed on ensuring both development and security, with a comprehensive assessment of domestic and external risks and challenges," he said.他指出：“要更加注重统筹发展和安全，全面研判国内国际风险挑战。”The 15th Five-Year Plan is considered a crucial step, as China is using a three-plan period—the 14th, 15th and 16th Five-Year Plans—to "basically realize socialist modernization" by 2035.“十五五”规划被视为关键一步，因为中国正计划通过“十四五”“十五五”“十六五”三个五年规划时期，在2035年“基本实现社会主义现代化”。Experts said that during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, China's development priorities are likely to be centered around enhancing its economic resilience, which will include diversifying trading partners, boosting domestic consumption and improving technology and innovation capabilities.专家表示，“十五五”时期中国的发展重点可能围绕提升经济韧性展开，具体措施包括拓展贸易伙伴多样性、扩大国内消费、提升科技创新能力。Cheng Xusen, a research fellow at Renmin University of China's National Academy of Development and Strategy, said that the development of new quality productive forces, a key driver for high-quality growth, is expected to be a priority in the 15th Five-Year Plan.中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院研究员程秀森表示，作为高质量发展的关键驱动力，发展新质生产力有望成为“十五五”规划的重点任务。Key priorities include expanding domestic demand, boosting consumption's role in economic growth, creating high-quality jobs and increasing household incomes, Cheng said.程秀森指出，重点任务还包括扩大内需、强化消费对经济增长的拉动作用、创造高质量就业岗位、提高居民收入。In addition, China intends to deepen high-level opening-up by promoting trade facilitation and liberalization, strengthening international economic cooperation, and enhancing its position in global industrial and supply chains, he added.他补充道，此外中国还将通过推动贸易便利化与自由化、加强国际经济合作、提升在全球产业链供应链中的地位，深化高水平对外开放。Cao Heping, a professor at Peking University's School of Economics, said that technology innovation, as the main driving force of high-quality growth, is evolving from an engine that propels progress into a key force reshaping the nation's economic landscape.北京大学经济学院教授曹和平表示，科技创新作为高质量发展的主要驱动力，正从推动发展的引擎，转变为重塑中国经济格局的关键力量。During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, the innovation-driven development strategy is expected to further unleash its effectiveness on a broader scale, Cao said, and the deeper integration of new energy, new materials and intelligent manufacturing is expected to forge new technological strengths and drive the next phase of industrial transformation.曹和平称，“十五五”时期，创新驱动发展战略有望在更广泛领域进一步释放效能；新能源、新材料与智能制造的深度融合，预计将打造新的技术优势，推动下一阶段产业转型。At the April symposium, Xi highlighted the strategic importance of developing new quality productive forces tailored to local conditions during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, adding that China's development will be driven by technological innovation, with the real economy being the foundation.在4月的座谈会上，习近平强调了“十五五”时期因地制宜发展新质生产力的战略意义，并指出中国发展要以科技创新为动力，以实体经济为根基。He also highlighted the importance of improving the national innovation system through stimulating the vitality of various innovation entities and zeroing in on global scientific and technological frontiers.他还强调，要通过激发各类创新主体活力、聚焦全球科技前沿，完善国家创新体系。Matteo Giovannini, a finance professional at the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and a nonresident associate fellow at the Beijing-based think tank Center for China and Globalization, said that over the past few years, China has consistently contributed around 30 percent of global economic growth, a figure unmatched by any other major economy.中国工商银行金融专业人士、北京智库全球化智库非resident副研究员马泰奥·乔瓦尼尼表示，过去几年中国对全球经济增长的贡献率始终保持在30%左右，这一比例远超其他主要经济体。"In 2024, the country's GDP grew by 5 percent year-on-year, reaffirming its role as a key stabilizer of the world economy. These achievements are not the outcome of short-term stimulus, but of structural progress guided by long-term vision," Giovannini said in an article published by the China Global Television Network.乔瓦尼尼在为中国国际电视台撰写的文章中表示：“2024年中国GDP同比增长5%，再次印证了其世界经济关键稳定器的作用。这些成就并非短期刺激政策的结果，而是长期规划引领下结构型发展的成果。”He said that as China prepares to embark on the next stage of modernization, the fourth plenary session offers an opportunity to consolidate these gains and chart the path forward.他指出，在中国准备迈入现代化建设新阶段之际，四中全会为巩固现有成果、规划未来道路提供了契机。"Ultimately, the fourth plenum embodies China's quiet confidence in its governance model. It demonstrates that reform, innovation and openness can coexist under a framework of stability and national purpose," Giovannini said. "The global environment may be fraught with sanctions, trade friction and political suspicion, but China's long-term orientation enables it to look beyond short-term turbulence."乔瓦尼尼表示：“归根结底，四中全会体现了中国对自身治理模式的从容自信。这表明在稳定与国家目标的框架下，改革、创新与开放可以并行不悖。尽管全球环境充满制裁、贸易摩擦与政治猜忌，但中国的长期导向使其能够超越短期动荡。”20th CPC Central Committee membersn.中共二十届中央委员会委员 /ˈtwentiəθ ˌsiː piː ˈsiː ˈsentrəl kəˈmɪti ˈmembəz/15th Five-Year Plan researchers/expertsn.“十五五”规划研究者/专家/ˌfɪfˈtiːnθ ˈfaɪv jɪə plæn rɪˈsɜːtʃəz/ /ˈekspɜːts/

Two years ago, Taiwan bartender Danny Hsu brought his 12 years of mixology experience from Taichung, a city in China's Taiwan region, and opened Stirred Bar in the Three Lanes and Seven Alleys, a historical architectural complex in downtown Fuzhou, the capital of Fujian province.两年前，中国台湾地区台中市的调酒师许丹尼（Danny Hsu）带着12年的调酒经验，在福建省会福州市中心的历史建筑群三坊七巷开设了“Stirred Bar”酒吧。Hsu enjoys experimentally incorporating fresh fruits, tea, coffee and even unexpected ingredients like vinegar and chili into his cocktails, conveying unique tastes and his understanding of life.许丹尼喜欢在调酒中尝试加入新鲜水果、茶、咖啡，甚至醋、辣椒等非常规原料，以此传递独特的口感和他对生活的理解。His latest creation is a cocktail symbolizing the fusion of cultures across the Taiwan Strait, blending full-bodied Kaoliang liquor, a specialty from Taiwan, with the gentle aroma of Fuzhou's jasmine tea.他最新创作的一款鸡尾酒象征着两岸文化融合，将台湾特产的醇厚高粱酒与福州茉莉花茶的淡雅香气相融合。"The fiery spirit meets the sweet jasmine flowers, just like the ongoing cross-Strait integration," he said.他表示：“浓烈的酒香邂逅清甜的茉莉，就像正在推进的两岸融合发展一样。”Oct 25 marks the 80th anniversary of Taiwan's retrocession. Since its return to the motherland in 1945, cross-Strait relations have experienced twists and turns, but integrated development has always been the main historical trend.10月25日是台湾光复80周年纪念日。自1945年回归祖国以来，两岸关系虽历经波折，但融合发展始终是历史主流。Fujian and Taiwan are connected by a single body of water, and share the same ancestry, culture and customs, with about 80 percent of Taiwan's population tracing its ancestry back to Fujian. Such closeness gives the coastal province an irreplaceable role in promoting peaceful cross-Strait development and reunification.福建与台湾隔海相望、同根同源、文化相通、习俗相近，约80%的台湾民众祖籍在福建。这种特殊的亲缘联系，让福建在推动两岸和平发展、促进祖国统一进程中具有不可替代的作用。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012, President Xi Jinping, who is also general secretary of the CPC Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, has made three field trips to Fujian, consistently emphasizing cross-Strait integrated development.自2012年中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会以来，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平已三次赴福建考察，始终强调推动两岸融合发展。In his latest tour to the province last year, Xi reiterated the call for Fujian to make greater progress in exploring the new path for cross-Strait integrated development.在去年最新一次福建考察中，习近平总书记再次强调，要推动福建在探索两岸融合发展新路上迈出更大步伐。Statistics showed that Fujian has become a top choice for a growing number of Taiwan businesspeople and young entrepreneurs, thanks to innovative integration policies.数据显示，得益于创新性的融合发展政策，福建已成为越来越多台商和台湾青年创业者的首选地之一。From January to August, Fujian saw 1,653 new enterprises funded by Taiwan investment, with $660 million in utilized capital from Taiwan, the highest among all mainland provinces, according to data from the provincial Taiwan affairs authority.福建省台办数据显示，今年1月至8月，福建新增台资企业1653家，实际使用台资6.6亿美元，两项数据均居大陆各省份首位。In the first eight months of this year, passenger traffic between Fujian and Taiwan surged 36.4 percent to 1.73 million trips, compared with the same period last year, while cross-Strait events saw 28,000 Taiwan participants, a 40 percent increase, data showed.数据还显示，今年前8个月，闽台旅客往来量达173万人次，同比增长36.4%；两岸各类交流活动中，台湾参与人数达2.8万人次，同比增长40%。Chen Lishuang, a deputy researcher at the Fujian Academy of Social Sciences' Institute of Modern Taiwan Studies, said the province has achieved notable results in economic cooperation and social integration with Taiwan through pilot policies.福建省社会科学院现代台湾研究所副研究员陈丽霜（音译）表示，福建通过一系列试点政策，在两岸经济合作与社会融合方面取得了显著成效。While working in Fujian for about 17 years, from 1985 to 2002, Xi attached great importance to Taiwan-related work, tirelessly promoting cooperation and cultivating affection between people on both sides of the Strait, Chen said.陈丽霜指出，1985年至2002年，习近平总书记在福建工作的17年间，高度重视对台工作，不懈推动两岸合作，增进两岸同胞情谊。In 1997, a 102-day tour of Taiwan by a statue of the sea goddess Mazu saw millions pay their respects to the deity across the island, becoming the longest and most influential cross-Strait exchange at the time.1997年，海神妈祖雕像赴台巡游102天，全台数百万民众前往瞻仰，成为当时持续时间最长、影响最广的两岸交流活动。In 2001, limited direct transportation, trade and postal services began between Fujian's coast and the islands of Jinmen and Matsu, administered by Taiwan, and this was warmly received. An exchange agreement signed later that year, by representatives from the two sides, included the one-China principle for the first time, causing a stir.2001年，福建沿海与台湾地区管辖的金门、马祖地区开启局部直接通航、通贸、通邮，受到两岸民众热烈欢迎。同年晚些时候，两岸代表签署的一项交流协议首次纳入一个中国原则，引发广泛关注。"Xi made many statements regarding work related to Taiwan from the historical perspective of achieving the peaceful reunification of the motherland, along with a series of forward-looking and strategic explorations and practices while working in Fujian," Chen said.陈丽霜表示：“在福建工作期间，习近平总书记从实现祖国和平统一的历史高度，就对台工作作出许多重要论述，并开展了一系列具有前瞻性、战略性的探索与实践。”The innovative concepts and practical advancements in Taiwan-related work proposed by Xi during his tenure in Fujian constitute an important source of his later significant discourse on Taiwan affairs, she said.她指出，习近平总书记在福建工作期间提出的对台工作创新理念和实践成果，是其后来关于台湾问题重要论述的重要思想源头。In his speech on the 40th anniversary of the issuance of the Message to Compatriots in Taiwan by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislature, in January 2019, Xi emphasized the need to deepen integrated development between the two sides to lay a foundation for peaceful reunification.2019年1月，在全国人大常委会《告台湾同胞书》发表40周年纪念会上，习近平总书记强调，要深化两岸融合发展，为实现和平统一奠定坚实基础。"Just as loved ones wish each other well, we Chinese should help each other. We treat our compatriots in Taiwan as equals, and will continue paving the way for them to share first the mainland's development opportunities," Xi said.习近平总书记表示：“亲人之间，没有解不开的心结。两岸同胞是一家人，有困难就要互相帮助。我们始终把台湾同胞当作一家人，愿意继续率先同台湾同胞分享大陆发展机遇。”He called for enhanced connectivity in trade, infrastructure, energy and industry standards, suggesting initial projects such as supplying water, electricity and gas, and constructing sea-crossing bridges from Fujian to Jinmen and Matsu.总书记呼吁，要加强两岸贸易、基础设施、能源、产业标准等领域互联互通，提出从福建向金门、马祖供水供电供气，建设跨海大桥等先期项目。In 2023, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, China's Cabinet, announced plans to make Fujian a "demonstration zone" for the integrated development across the Strait, offering policies like infrastructure connectivity and incentives for Taiwan residents to create their careers.2023年，中共中央、国务院印发方案，决定支持福建建设海峡两岸融合发展示范区，推出基础设施互联互通、鼓励台湾同胞来闽就业创业等一系列政策举措。"Fujian's supportive policies for Taiwan compatriots have given me a real sense of belonging," said Lin Chun-ying, who operates a tea mountain company in suburban Fuzhou and exports high-mountain oolong tea to countries including the United Kingdom, Germany and Japan.在福州郊区经营茶山企业、向英国、德国、日本等国出口高山乌龙茶的林春英（音译）表示：“福建对台湾同胞的扶持政策，让我真正有了归属感。”"My father often told me when I was a child that we are Chinese, because he was born on the mainland before my grandfather took him to Taiwan," Lin said. "My father said his mission was to bring us back to our motherland."林春英说：“小时候父亲常跟我说，我们是中国人。因为父亲出生在大陆，后来爷爷才带他去了台湾。父亲说，他的心愿就是带我们回到祖国母亲的怀抱。”Back in the 1990s, Lin and her father arrived in the provincial capital to clear a barren mountain to plant tea.上世纪90年代，林春英便和父亲来到福州，开垦荒山种植茶树。"Growing up, making and learning about tea in Fuzhou, I fell in love with Fuzhou's mountains," Lin said. She has now taken over management of the company from her father.“在福州长大，学着种茶、制茶，我早已爱上了这里的山山水水，”林春英说。如今，她已从父亲手中接过公司管理的重任。Wu Yongping, director at the Institute for Taiwan Studies at Tsinghua University, said that Taiwan lacks the economic hinterland for further development, given its limited population and small local market, but the mainland could offer it a much broader space for growth.清华大学台湾研究院院长巫永平表示，台湾人口有限、本地市场规模较小，缺乏进一步发展的经济腹地，而大陆能为其提供更广阔的发展空间。After the launch of reform and opening-up, Taiwan businesses that entered the mainland have contributed to the economy and have been beneficiaries as well, Wu said, adding that economic ties are a fundamental link of cross-Strait relations, so it's important to keep the link strong.巫永平指出，改革开放以来，进入大陆的台商不仅为大陆经济发展作出了贡献，自身也成为受益者。他强调，经济联系是两岸关系的重要基础，必须牢牢巩固这一纽带。Fujian's "demonstration zone" aims to ease the settlement of Taiwan compatriots on the mainland by leading efforts to overcome constraints on specific matters like obtaining phone cards, bank cards and residence permits, he said.他表示，福建建设“海峡两岸融合发展示范区”，旨在率先破解台湾同胞在大陆申领电话卡、银行卡、居住证等具体生活便利化问题，让台湾同胞在大陆生活更便捷。As a veteran Taiwan businesswoman developing on the mainland for decades, Lin has also become a facilitator for cross-Strait youth exchanges, sharing her experiences on employment and entrepreneurship in Fuzhou with young people from Taiwan.作为在大陆发展数十年的资深台商，林春英还成为两岸青年交流的桥梁，经常向台湾青年分享自己在福州就业创业的经验。She met her husband, who is from Harbin, Heilongjiang province, in Shanghai in 2018. They now have two children and live in Fuzhou.2018年，林春英在上海结识了来自黑龙江哈尔滨的丈夫，如今两人已育有两个孩子，在福州定居生活。Taiwan compatriots in Fujiann.在福建的台湾同胞 /ˌtaɪˈwɑːn kəmˈpeɪtriəts ɪn ˈfuːdʒiːn/Taiwan businesspeople (investing in Fujian)n.（在福建投资的）台商/ˌtaɪˈwɑːn ˈbɪznɪsˌpiːpl (ɪnˈvestɪŋ ɪn ˈfuːdʒiːn)/

The Communist Party of China will convene a key leadership meeting from Oct 20 to 23 in Beijing to map out priorities of the nation's 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30), a blueprint that will shape the nation's economic and social agenda and lay the groundwork for its long-term modernization goals.中国共产党将于10月20日至23日在北京召开重要领导会议，制定“十五五”规划（2026-2030年）的重点任务。该规划作为一份蓝图，将确定国家经济社会发展议程，并为国家长期现代化目标奠定基础。The date for the fourth plenary session of the 20th Communist Party of China Central Committee was set at a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on Monday. Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting.五年规划是指导中国中长期发展的重要战略文件，明确了每个五年期间各领域的国家目标、主要任务和政策方向。中共二十届四中全会的召开日期是在周一召开的中共中央政治局会议上确定的，中共中央总书记习近平主持了此次会议。Five-year plans are crucial strategic documents guiding China's medium- and long-term development, which outline national goals, major tasks and policy directions in various sectors for each five-year period.五年规划是指导中国中长期发展的重要战略文件，明确了每个五年期间各领域的国家目标、主要任务和政策方向。During Monday's meeting, the Political Bureau was briefed about the opinions solicited from within and outside the CPC about a document on the CPC Central Committee's proposals for formulating the next five-year plan. It was decided at the meeting that the document will be revised based on the discussion at the meeting and submitted to the fourth plenary session for deliberation.在周一的会议上，政治局听取了关于《中共中央关于制定下一步五年规划的建议》文件的党内外意见征求情况汇报。会议决定，将根据会议讨论情况对该文件进行修改，并提交四中全会审议。The plenary session will take place as China nears the completion of its 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25), which has yielded significant achievements. The country is now gearing up to establish priorities for the upcoming 2026-30 period.此次全会召开之际，中国正接近完成“十四五”规划（2021-2025年），该规划已取得显著成就，目前国家正着手确定2026-2030年的重点任务。The meeting highlighted the importance of upholding the Party's overall leadership during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. With a focus on putting people first, efforts should be made to ensure that more benefits of modernization are shared more fairly among all the people, the meeting said.会议强调，“十五五”时期必须坚持党的全面领导，坚持以人民为中心，努力让现代化建设成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。It stressed the need to stay committed to high-quality development, foster new quality productive forces in line with local conditions, and comprehensively deepen reform while further expanding high-level opening-up.同时，要坚持高质量发展，因地制宜培育新质生产力，全面深化改革，进一步扩大高水平对外开放。China will promote better interplay between an efficient market and a well-functioning government, giving full play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources and ensuring that the government plays its role better, said a statement released after the meeting.会后发布的声明指出，中国将推动有效市场和有为政府更好结合，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用。In accordance with the strategic plan for building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects, as outlined at the 20th CPC National Congress in 2022, China will basically achieve socialist modernization by 2035 through the implementation of the 14th, 15th and 16th five-year plans.根据2022年党的二十大提出的全面建设社会主义现代化强国战略部署，中国将通过实施“十四五”“十五五”“十六五”规划，到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化。Since the start of this year, Xi has made a series of instructions to chart the course for the formulation of the 15th Five-Year Plan.今年以来，习近平总书记就“十五五”规划编制作出一系列重要指示。During an inspection tour to Shanghai in April, Xi said at a symposium on China's economic and social development in the 2026-30 period that "the planning must focus on the goal of basically realizing socialist modernization, with a view to building a great country and advancing national rejuvenation".4月在上海考察时，于2026-2030年中国经济社会发展座谈会上指出，“规划要聚焦基本实现社会主义现代化这一目标，着眼于建设强国、推进民族复兴”。In an instruction in May, he stressed sound, democratic and law-based decision-making to ensure high-quality formulation of the five-year plan.He also emphasized the importance of integrating top-level design with seeking advice from the public, enhancing research and discussions, and building broad consensus.5月在相关指示中强调，要坚持科学决策、民主决策、依法决策，确保五年规划高质量编制，同时重视顶层设计与问计于民相结合，加强研究论证，凝聚广泛共识。The General Office of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislature, noted in a report released earlier this month that guiding economic and social development with medium-and long-term plans is an important approach adopted by the Party in governing the country.Practice has proved that medium-and long-term development plans can not only give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, but also better leverage the role of the government, the report said.中国最高立法机关——全国人大常委会办公厅在本月初发布的一份报告中指出，以中长期规划指导经济社会发展，是党治国理政的重要方式。实践证明，中长期发展规划既能充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，又能更好发挥政府作用。In a report released on Sunday, China Galaxy Securities said it believes that the key focuses during the 15th Five-Year Plan period will include promoting technological innovation, boosting domestic demand, addressing "involution-style" competition, advancing market-based reforms for the allocation of production factors, building a green and low-carbon economy, and enhancing people's well-being.中国银河证券在周日发布的报告中表示，预计“十五五”时期的重点方向包括推动科技创新、扩大内需、应对“内卷式”竞争、推进生产要素市场化配置改革、发展绿色低碳经济以及增进民生福祉。convenev.召开/kənˈviːn/deliberationn.审议；深思熟虑；讨论/dɪˌlɪbəˈreɪʃn/leveragev.充分利用；发挥/ˈliːvərɪdʒ/

China's central authorities have held a meeting to study major issues in the drafting of the 15th Five-Year Plan for national economic and social development. The meeting comes nearly a month before the fourth plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee.

China's top leadership has emphasized a people-centered approach during the country's economic and social development in the next five years, as they decided to hold the fourth plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee from October 20 to 23 to discuss a proposal for the 15th Five-Year Plan (01:03). Traveling and shopping in China are trending among international tourists under visa exemptions and tax refunds (01:44). And Iran has rejected the return of sanctions, calling the action by the E3 "illegal and unjustified (12:43)."

President Xi Jinping called on Tuesday for people from all ethnic groups and all walks of life in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region to pool efforts and strive in solidarity to build a beautiful Xinjiang in the process of achieving Chinese modernization.He made the remarks when meeting with representatives from all ethnic groups and sectors in the region.Xi arrived in Urumqi, the region's capital, earlier in the day to attend activities marking the 70th anniversary of the region's founding, including a grand gathering on Thursday morning.Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, has led a central delegation to Xinjiang for the celebrations, marking the first time in the history of the Party and the country that such an arrangement has been made.The visit speaks volumes about the importance that the CPC Central Committee attaches to Xinjiang work, as well as its great care for the officials and people of all ethnic groups in the region.Located in Northwest China, Xinjiang has been the home of various ethnic groups since ancient times and a place for cultural integration.As the plane carrying Xi landed at Urumqi Tianshan International Airport, he was greeted with warm applause and cheers from local people waiting on the tarmac. Thousands of people from different ethnic groups welcomed him with traditional dances accompanied by festive music.Paruzat Zulpikar, a Uygur student in the fifth grade, presented Xi with a bouquet of red roses, peonies and pomegranates."It still feels just like a dream. I was both excited and nervous," she said. "I greeted him with 'Hello, Grandpa Xi', and he gave me a warm feeling."Permeated with a festive atmosphere, Urumqi was decorated with colorful flags on both sides of the main streets from the airport to the hotel. People from all ethnic groups waved flags and cheered to express their welcome and gratitude. Opening the car window, Xi waved back to the crowds along the road.Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC in 2012, Xinjiang has made solid progress in promoting high-quality development, with its per capita nominal GDP more than doubling — from 33,495 yuan ($4,710) in 2012 to 78,660 yuan in 2024.Over the past years, people's well-being has also witnessed continuous improvement, as more than 70 percent of Xinjiang's general public budget is allocated every year to safeguard and improve people's well-being, in order to ensure that development benefits the people of all ethnic groups in a fair way.Wang Haoyu, a community worker and a member of a dragon dance team, said he has personally experienced the changes in living conditions over the years."Our family first lived in an old, 50-square-meter brick house. When I was about 2 years old, we moved into a walk-up apartment. Then, five or six years ago, we moved into an apartment with an elevator. Life has kept getting better," he said.The 27-year-old said that Xinjiang's development today has not come easily. "We are not only witnesses to history, but also builders of history. I will continue to work hard, do my job well, and help make Xinjiang an even better place," he said.Also on Tuesday, Xi held separate meetings with local officials, leaders of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, cadres who have come to work in Xinjiang from other parts of the country, judicial workers, police officers, and patriotic members of religious circles, among others.Xi also met with military officers ranked colonel and above, along with grassroots role models and civilian personnel accompanying troops stationed in Urumqi. He conveyed cordial greetings to all military personnel in Xinjiang on behalf of the CPC Central Committee and the Central Military Commission.

China's Victory Day commemorations have strengthened the nation's resolve and confidence in building a strong country and advancing national rejuvenation on all fronts, President Xi Jinping has said.Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, made the remarks while delivering an address at a recent meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.He delivered the speech after hearing a report summarizing activities on commemorations of the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and the World Anti-Fascist War, during the Party leadership meeting.As Japan officially surrendered on Sept 2, 1945, by signing the Instrument of Surrender, China designated Sept 3 as its V-Day.This year it held a massive military parade on Sept 3 at Tian'anmen Square in Beijing as part of its commemorations of the 80th anniversary of the victory.In his speech, Xi emphasized that the commemorations were solemn, grand, inspiring and motivating, further promoting the great spirit of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, further boosting the confidence in advancing the great cause of national rejuvenation, and further demonstrating China's commitment to building a community with a shared future for humanity.He pointed out that the leading group for the commemorative activities and the relevant institutions involved in the task force resolutely implemented the decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee, adhered to high standards and strict requirements, and fulfilled the political task assigned by the CPC Central Committee with a pragmatic and meticulous approach.Xi stressed the need to harness the positive energy generated by the commemorative activities, and use them as a vivid tool for patriotic education. He called for injecting the confidence, pride, enthusiasm and vitality they inspired into efforts to implement the CPC Central Committee's decisions and deployments and address various risks and challenges, and into mighty forces to promote reform, drive development and ensure stability.While emphasizing the importance of maintaining a correct historical perspective on the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression as well as on World War II, he called for drawing wisdom and strength from the great victory in the whole nation's resistance against Japanese aggression led by the CPC.It is important to stand firm on the right side of history, and forge a brighter future by learning from history, he said.Xi urged the effective telling of the story of China's peaceful development, demonstrating to the world that China is a staunch defender of the postwar international order, and presenting China's image as a responsible major country committed to building a community with a shared future for humanity.It is important to thoroughly summarize the experiences and practices of organizing the commemorative activities, and to continuously enrich and improve the ceremonial system of a great Party and a great nation, he said.On Wednesday, Xi met at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing with representatives from various sectors involved in organizing the commemorative activities. He expressed gratitude and greetings to them, highly praised their hard work and outstanding achievements, and encouraged them to strive for new success.After the meeting, a symposium was held to summarize the commemorative activities.Cai Qi, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and head of the leading group for the commemorative activities, attended the meeting and the symposium.

China's commitment to cultivating new quality productive forces through scientific and technological innovation, as reiterated by President Xi Jinping, will help the country gain a competitive edge in strategic emerging fields and tech frontiers, and contribute to global economic growth, said experts and company executives.Highlighting that fostering new growth drivers has been high on China's development agenda, they called for accelerated efforts to achieve breakthroughs in crucial technologies by investing more in fundamental research, reinforcing the dominant position of enterprises in boosting technological advancements, and intensifying financial support for innovation-oriented tech companies.First put forward by Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, during his inspection tour of Heilongjiang province in September 2023, the term "new quality productive forces" has been highlighted at several high-profile meetings.New quality productive forces are driven by revolutionary technological breakthroughs, the innovative allocation of production factors, and deep industrial transformation and upgrading, Xi said while presiding over a group study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee in January last year.He pointed out that sci-tech innovation can generate new industries, new models and new growth drivers, which are the core elements of the development of new quality productive forces.The tone-setting Central Economic Work Conference held in December called for more efforts to make sci-tech innovation drive the development of new quality productive forces and build a modern industrial system.Huang Hanquan, head of the Chinese Academy of Macroeconomic Research, said, "Developing new quality productive forces is an intrinsic requirement for promoting China's high-quality development and will inject fresh momentum into global economic growth."Huang said that China has favorable conditions for fostering new quality productive forces, given its ever-increasing innovation capacities, complete industrial systems, ultra-large domestic market, high-caliber talent pool and massive data resources.To gain an upper hand in a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, he stressed that more efforts should be made to bolster sci-tech innovation, especially innovation in cutting-edge and disruptive technologies, and to accelerate the industrial application of innovative achievements, further deepen reforms in technology and education mechanisms, and expand high-level opening-up.A meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on July 30, which was presided over by Xi, called for accelerating the cultivation of emerging pillar industries with global competitiveness and promoting the deep integration and development of sci-tech innovation and industrial innovation."Sci-tech innovation plays a pivotal role in nurturing new quality productive forces. China has sent a clear signal that it is dedicated to implementing the innovation-driven development strategy and facilitating the in-depth integration of digital technologies with the real economy, in a bid to drive a shift from old growth drivers to new ones," said Luo Zhongwei, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' Institute of Industrial Economics.Luo emphasized the need to improve indigenous innovation abilities by stepping up investment in core technologies in key fields to solve bottleneck issues.Pan Helin, a member of the Expert Committee for Information and Communication Economy, which is part of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said, "The integrated advancements in sci-tech innovation and industrial innovation are crucial for promoting social and economic development, advancing Chinese modernization and cultivating fresh driving forces."According to Pan, China's focus on nurturing new quality productive forces is conducive to speeding up the establishment of a modern industrial system and enhancing the stability and resilience of industrial and supply chains.Pan said that in fostering new quality productive forces, different regions of the country should focus on comparative advantages and base their efforts on local conditions, avoiding blind investment in specific fields.Li Dongsheng, founder and chairman of Chinese consumer electronics maker TCL Technology Group Corp, said, "The development of new quality productive forces requires further stimulating technological innovation, continuously investing in scientific research and talent development, and supporting the intelligent transformation of industries."Li underscored the need to give full play to the leading role of enterprises in bolstering sci-tech innovation and motivate their innovation vitality.China's spending on research and development maintained rapid growth last year, thanks to efforts to support technological innovation. Data from the National Bureau of Statistics shows that China's R&D expenditure exceeded 3.6 trillion yuan ($502.3 billion) in 2024, up 8.3 percent year-on-year, ranking second in the world.In recent years, the country's strength in sci-tech innovation has taken a major leap. According to the World Intellectual Property Organization, China has moved up to 11th place in the rankings of the world's most innovative economies and remains the only middle-income economy in the top 30."China is not only a manufacturing powerhouse, but also a global innovation powerhouse driving trends in digitalization, sustainability and high-tech industries," said Denis Depoux, global managing director of market consultancy Roland Berger."China has emerged as a strong player in the global R&D landscape, and has made rapid progress in the development of AI technology, becoming one of the global leaders, and the pace will further accelerate," Depoux said.The country's emphasis on accelerating the development of new quality productive forces will attract more investment by foreign companies to support Chinese companies' transformation, and to bring more technologies to the world's second-largest economy, he added.Anu Rathninde, president for Asia-Pacific at Johnson Controls, a United States-based smart building solutions provider, said the rise of new quality productive forces signifies a transformative shift in China's economic model, replacing outdated growth drivers with more dynamic ones and establishing the foundation for more sustained and robust economic development in the future.He said that China is an important part of the company's global business network, and will continue to be a key contributor to global economic growth. "We are confident in the Chinese market and determined to deepen our footprint here," he said.Chris Lee, senior vice-president and head of Asia-Pacific at Aveva, a United Kingdom-based industrial software developer, said that China has rapidly emerged as a global frontier for industrial innovation, presenting vast development opportunities fueled by the development of new quality productive forces and the country's vibrant digital economy.The company recently launched its China intelligent innovation center, its first localized R&D center, to deepen its "in China, for China" strategy.Lee highlighted that China's mature and extensive industrial system and supply chain offer an unparalleled platform for technological innovation, adding that the company will deepen its roots locally and collaborate closely with local partners to empower China's smart manufacturing and industrial digitalization.

The 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China will hold its fourth plenary session in October in Beijing, with a focus on deliberating the next five-year plan for the country's social and economic development.The announcement came on Wednesday after a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, which was presided over by Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee.According to the main agenda of the upcoming session, the Political Bureau will report its work to the CPC Central Committee and study the proposals for formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan, China's strategic road map for national economic and social development between 2026 and 2030, according to a statement issued after Wednesday's meeting.It was noted at the meeting that the next five years is a crucial period for consolidating the foundation and making comprehensive efforts to basically realize socialist modernization.As China is facing profound and complex changes in its development environment, with strategic opportunities, risks and challenges coexisting and uncertainties and unforeseen factors growing, it is essential to maintain strategic focus, strengthen confidence in certain victory, actively adapt to the changes, secure strategic initiative in fierce international competitions, and make significant breakthroughs in the strategic task of promoting Chinese modernization, the statement said.It is important to accelerate the building of a new development paradigm, consider both domestic and international situations in a coordinated way, and balance development and security, in order to promote the economy's effective upgrade in terms of quality and facilitate its appropriate growth in terms of quantity, the statement added.The meeting's participants highlighted the need to promote the overall well-being of the people, make solid strides toward common prosperity for all, and ensure that decisive progress is made in realizing socialist modernization.Five-year plans serve as comprehensive blueprints for China's economic and social advancement, outlining the goals, strategies and priorities across various sectors for each period.Featuring continuity, forward-looking strategic planning and effective implementation, the five-year plans have been instrumental in pushing forward the country's development in all sectors over the past decades since the launch of the first Five-Year Plan (1953-57).At the Political Bureau meeting on Wednesday, the current economic situation was analyzed and the arrangement for the economic work in the second half of the year was made.The meeting's participants emphasized the need to give full play to macroeconomic policies, strive to expand domestic demand on all fronts, steadfastly deepen reform and opening-up, promote the deep integration of technological and industrial innovations, and make solid steps to ensure people's livelihoods.In exercising monetary policy, they emphasized the need to maintain ample liquidity to help reduce overall social financing cost. It is necessary to effectively utilize various structural monetary policy tools to support technological innovation, boost consumption, assist small and micro-sized enterprises, and stabilize foreign trade, they said.It was noted at the meeting that efforts should be made to stimulate the vitality of private capital and expand effective investment, address production capacity issues in key industries, and energize the vitality of various types of market entities.While highlighting the need to stabilize the fundamentals of foreign trade and foreign investment, the meeting's participants called for assisting foreign trade enterprises facing significant shocks, optimizing export tax rebate policies, and building high-level pilot free trade zones and other platforms for opening-up.They also underlined the need to actively and prudently resolve local government debt risks, enhance the attractiveness and inclusiveness of the domestic capital market, and consolidate the momentum of the upturn in the country's capital market.Further efforts should be made to manage flood response and ensure energy supply in summer, they added.Prior to Wednesday's Political Bureau meeting, the CPC Central Committee held a symposium on July 23 with non-CPC personages to solicit opinions and suggestions on the current economic situation and the economic work for the second half of this year.While presiding over the symposium, Xi said that in the first half of the year, China's economy made steady progress while maintaining stability, and it also helped maintain overall social stability.This demonstrates that China's economic foundation is solid and has multiple strengths, strong resilience and great potential, and that the positive factors supporting high-quality development are continuously accumulating, he said.Noting that the country's economy still faces many risks and challenges, Xi underscored the need to properly understand the situation, enhance the awareness of potential dangers, think about the worst-case scenario, and make good use of development opportunities, potential and advantages to consolidate and expand the positive momentum of economic recovery and improvement.In terms of economic work in the second half, Xi emphasized the importance of maintaining the consistency and stability of policies and enhancing their flexibility and foreseeability, as well as stabilizing employment, enterprises, the market and expectations.He underscored the need to vigorously boost consumption, address "rat race" competition, facilitate domestic circulation while reinforcing the dual circulation of domestic and international markets, and strive to meet the economic and social development goals for the year.It has been a long-held practice for the CPC to solicit suggestions and opinions on major policies and decisions of the CPC and the country from non-Communist parties, leading figures of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce and those with no party affiliation.

President Xi Jinping has called on North China's Shanxi province to further promote the transformation and development of the resource-based economy and strive to write its own chapter in advancing Chinese modernization.Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, made the remarks during his inspection of the province on Monday and Tuesday.The inspection tour took him to Yangquan, a city renowned for its coal mining heritage, and Taiyuan, the provincial capital.Shanxi is one of the regions with the highest concentration of resource-based cities in China. For a long time, its economic development relied on coal mining. To implement the low-carbon development strategy, the province is striving to build itself into a national pilot zone for overall reform for the transformation of the resource-based economy.While hearing the work report by the provincial authorities on Tuesday morning in Taiyuan, Xi urged Shanxi to steadily promote transformation and development of the traditional industry in an orderly manner, with a focus on energy transition, industrial upgrading and moderately diversified development of its economy.He underlined the need for the province to upgrade the coal industry and transform coal from a primary fuel to a high-value product, while ensuring the country's coal supply.Efforts should be made to build Shanxi into the nation's important energy and raw material base at a higher level, and shape a new type of energy system supporting the development of wind power, photovoltaic power and hydrogen energy, he said.Xi highlighted the need to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and plan emerging and future industries based on local conditions to gradually form a modern industrial system reflecting Shanxi's characteristics and comparative advantages.He also urged the province to make good use of conditions for diversified development, optimize its business environment, stimulate the vitality of market entities, and better transform the strength in resources into a development advantage.Xi emphasized that efforts must be made to ensure security and stability during the process of promoting transformation and development, with an emphasis on ensuring the stability of employment, enterprises, markets and expectations.In recent years, China has been working to transform and upgrade traditional industries to promote high-quality economic growth. During his inspection tours nationwide, Xi has urged various regions to develop new quality productive forces tailored to local conditions and make greater progress in industrial transformation.Zhang Li, president of the China Center for Information Industry Development, said that accelerating the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries is not only an important step to enhance the resilience and security of industrial and supply chains, but also a necessary requirement for the country to promote the new type of industrialization and step up construction of a manufacturing powerhouse.In the new circumstances, China must persist in promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, nurturing and expanding emerging industries, and simultaneously developing future industries, Zhang said in an article published in the latest issue of Qiushi Journal, a flagship magazine of the CPC Central Committee."Only by doing so can we consolidate and enhance the leading position of advantageous industries and the competitiveness of the whole industry, and keep a competitive edge globally," he said.During his tour in Yangquan on Monday, Xi visited Yangquan Valve Co, where he inspected the company's production workshop and products display, and had a conversation with workers at the site.He said that traditional manufacturing is an important part of the real economy, and it is essential to target market demand and strengthen technological innovation to revitalize the traditional industry.Xi told the company's employees that China's industrial development used to rely on physical labor, but today it relies on advanced technology and equipment to improve productivity. He expressed the hope that they would continue to work hard and make greater contributions to building a strong manufacturing country.Zhao Zihao, an information technology specialist at the company, said he was inspired by Xi's remarks on revitalizing traditional industry with intelligent technologies."President Xi encouraged us, particularly the younger generation of workers, to leverage our strength in expertise to drive industrial transformation," Zhao said."He placed trust and confidence upon us. I feel a strong sense of responsibility."

With the Communist Party of China witnessing a steady expansion in its membership, primary-level Party organizations are growing stronger and assuming crucial roles in governance across diverse sectors, as underscored in a report issued on Monday.正如周一发布的一份报告所强调的那样，随着中国共产党党员人数的稳步增长，基层党组织越来越强大，并在不同部门的治理中发挥着至关重要的作用。Released by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, one day ahead of the Party's 104th founding anniversary on July 1, the report revealed that by the end of 2024, Party membership had surged to over 100.27 million members.中共中央组织部在7月1日建党104周年纪念日前一天发布的报告显示，截至2024年底，党员人数已激增至1.0027亿以上。Over 2.13 million people joined the CPC in 2024, of which 1.12 million were at the forefront of production and work, accounting for 52.6 percent, the report said.报告称，2024年，超过213万人加入了中国共产党，其中112万人处于生产和工作的最前沿，占52.6%。It also showed that the CPC had 5.25 million primary-level organizations at the end of 2024, an increase of 74,000 compared with the previous year.报告还显示，截至2024年底，中国共产党有525万个基层组织，比上年增加7.4万个。Zhuang Deshui, deputy head of Peking University's Research Center of Public Policy, emphasized the importance of grassroots Party organizations, stating that their continuous growth helps to better implement policies from the central authorities, unite the people in facing challenges and address public concerns more promptly.北京大学公共政策研究中心副主任庄德水强调了基层党组织的重要性，指出基层党组织不断壮大有助于更好地落实中央政策，团结人民共同应对挑战，更及时地解决公众关切。He drew a parallel between these organizations and the blood vessels of the human body, saying that "the seamless functioning of blood vessels is vital in ensuring an individual's health and vitality".他将这些组织与人体血管进行了比较，称“血管的无缝功能对于确保个人的健康和活力至关重要”。"Primary-level organizations, being the closest to the people, should proactively lead in providing assistance when needed, while also essentially improving their governance capabilities to effectively resolve difficulties faced by the people," he said.他说：“基层组织最贴近人民，应在需要时主动提供援助，同时从根本上提高治理能力，有效解决人民面临的困难。”。The CPC continues to exercise self-supervision and self-governance by upholding the spirit of reform and applying strict standards. It has focused on strengthening primary-level organizations and nurturing a team of Party members who hold themselves to the highest standards, in order to provide an organizational guarantee for building China into a strong country and realizing national rejuvenation on all fronts by pursuing Chinese modernization, according to the latest report.中国共产党继续坚持改革精神，严格标准，实行自我监督和自我治理。根据最新报告，它重点加强基层组织建设，培养一支坚持最高标准的党员队伍，为通过追求中国现代化，全面建设强国和实现民族复兴提供组织保障。In recent weeks, Party organizations at all levels in Hechi, a city in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, have been involved at the forefront of rescue efforts amid flood disasters caused by continuous heavy rainfall, safeguarding the lives and property of the people.近几周来，广西壮族自治区河池市各级党组织在持续暴雨引发的洪涝灾害中，始终站在救援工作的最前沿，保障了人民的生命财产安全。In the early hours of June 21, a total of 31 people were trapped in Wuzhuan, a town in Donglan county in Guangxi, due to severe flooding.6月21日凌晨，由于严重洪灾，广西东兰县婺源镇共有31人被困。The Party organization at the local emergency department promptly intervened, rescuing and relocating all those in danger, according to Guangxi Daily.据《广西日报》报道，当地应急部门的党组织迅速介入，营救并转移了所有处于危险中的人。Zhuang praised the quick response of primary-level Party organizations in the rescue efforts, adding that such leadership and action have also played a vital role in various sectors, including combating the epidemic, poverty alleviation, rural revitalization and advancing key construction projects.庄赞扬了基层党组织在救援工作中的快速反应，并补充说，这种领导和行动在抗击疫情、扶贫、乡村振兴和推进重点建设项目等各个领域也发挥了至关重要的作用。"On the path to Chinese modernization, it's essential for Party organizations at the grassroots level to guide people to bravely face the challenges," Zhuang said."The greater the challenges, the more these organizations should stand at the forefront," he added. Zhuang also underlined the importance of further enhancing self-governance within the Party to deal with emerging issues.庄说：“在中国现代化的道路上，基层党组织必须引导人民勇敢地面对挑战。”。他补充道：“挑战越大，这些组织就越应该站在最前沿。”。庄还强调了进一步加强党内自治以应对新问题的重要性。In another example, the Party organization at the Beijing International Commercial Tribunal has taken actions to help improve the judges' dispute resolution capabilities.另一个例子是，北京国际商事法庭的党组织已采取行动，帮助提高法官的争议解决能力。"We've organized judges who are Party members to strengthen their learning of the Party's theory and history, as well as updated laws and policies, to ensure the quality of their adjudication of international commercial disputes," said Ma Jun, chief judge of the tribunal at the Beijing No 4 Intermediate People's Court.北京市第四中级人民法院仲裁庭首席法官马军表示：“我们组织了党员法官加强对党的理论和历史以及最新法律和政策的学习，以确保他们对国际商事纠纷的裁决质量。”。He noted that such in-depth study also aims to bolster the construction of the foreign-related judicial system and improve legal services for domestic and foreign litigants.他指出，这种深入研究也旨在加强涉外司法体系建设，改善对国内外当事人的法律服务。Data from the latest report showed that workers and farmers accounted for about 32.7 percent of all CPC members.最新报告的数据显示，工人和农民约占中共党员总数的32.7%。Of the total CPC membership, 57.6 percent hold junior college degrees or above, 1.4 percentage points higher than at the end of 2023.中共党员中，大专以上学历占57.6%，比2023年底提高1.4个百分点。Women accounted for 30.9 percent of all CPC members, up 0.5 percentage points from 2023, it said, adding that the proportion of members from ethnic minority groups remained at 7.7 percent.报告称，女性占中共党员总数的30.9%，比2023年上升了0.5个百分点，少数民族党员的比例仍保持在7.7%。poverty alleviationn.扶贫rural revitalizationn.乡村振兴

The Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee held a meeting on Monday to review a set of regulations on the work of the Central Committee's decision-making, deliberative and coordinating institutions. Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting.The meeting stressed that the regulations will further standardize the establishment, responsibilities and operations of the CPC Central Committee's decision-making, deliberative and coordinating institutions.The regulations are of great significance for enhancing top-level design, overall coordination, integrated advancement, and effective implementation of major initiatives, the meeting emphasized. Such institutions should exercise more effective leadership and coordination over major tasks, and focus on planning, discussing and oversight of major tasks, according to the meeting. It is essential to conduct in-depth research to improve the quality and effectiveness of decision-making and deliberation, and to propose practical and effective policy measures, the meeting said.The meeting emphasized the importance of avoiding formalism and bureaucratism and delivering real results.

As the global economy confronts heightened volatility, China is anchoring its strategy in one of its most enduring tools of governance, the five-year plans, to chart a steady course.随着全球经济面临更大的波动，中国正在将其战略锚定在其最持久的治理工具之一——五年计划中，以制定一条稳定的路线。With the 15th Five-Year Plan from2026 to 2030 now under development, policymakers are placing stronger emphasis on innovation, inclusive growth and domestic resilience as anchors for China's high-quality growth.随着第十五个五年计划（2026-30）的制定，政策制定者更加重视创新、包容性增长和国内韧性，将其作为中国高质量增长的支柱。The blueprint will serve as a source of certainty in a world grappling with rising uncertainty, and will present a China solution that shares opportunities with the rest of the world, analysts said.分析人士表示，在一个正在努力应对日益增加的不确定性的世界中，该蓝图将成为确定性的来源，并将提出一个与世界其他地区分享机会的中国解决方案。President Xi Jinping, in setting the tone for the making of the blueprint, reiterated China's twin imperatives: to resolutely manage its own affairs and to press ahead with high-level opening-up, this isa dual strategy aimed at reinforcing resilience at home while deepening engagement with the world.During a meeting with provincial leaders in April, Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, highlighted the need to set out goals and policy initiatives sector by sector, all aligned with the overarching objective of basically achieving socialist modernization by 2035.Dong Yu, executive vice-president of the China Institute for Development Planning at Tsinghua University, said that China's five-year plans, enacted upon approval by the nation's top legislature, help stabilize market expectations and ensure the consistency of major policies, unlike the frequent pivots seen in some major economies.清华大学中国发展规划研究院执行副院长董宇表示，中国经最高立法机构批准制定的五年计划有助于稳定市场预期，确保主要政策的一致性，这与一些主要经济体经常出现的支点不同。China launched its First Five-Year Planfrom1953 to 1957, four years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the making of the plans has long been a hallmark of China's strategic governance.中华人民共和国成立四年后，中国于1953年至1957年启动了第一个五年计划，该计划的制定长期以来一直是中国战略治理的标志。"What makes the five-year plans so vital is China's long-standing emphasis on medium- and long-term thinking," he said.他说：“五年计划之所以如此重要，是因为中国长期以来一直强调中长期思维。”。"The Party's governance philosophy has consistently prioritized carrying forward and innovating on major policy directions through a forward-looking strategic vision," said Dong, who has taken part in the policymaking process of three previous five-year plans.董曾参与前三个五年计划的决策过程，他说：“党的执政理念始终以前瞻性的战略眼光，优先推进和创新重大政策方向。”。The CPC Central Committee is now organizing the drafting of proposals for the 15th Five-Year Plan. Public consultations — including online solicitations — are now underway, with input being collected from officials, experts and ordinary residents.中共中央正在组织起草“十五”计划方案。公众咨询，包括在线征求意见，目前正在进行中，收集了官员、专家和普通居民的意见。Dong noted that the drafting of the plan has begun earlier than in past cycles to ensure wider participation.董指出，为确保更广泛的参与，该计划的起草工作比以往周期更早开始。The final recommendations will be deliberated by a plenary session of the CPC Central Committee and submitted to the national legislature for approval next year.最终建议将由中共中央委员会决定，明年提交国家立法机构批准。"The scientific formulation and successive implementation of five-year plans is a key governance practice of the CPC and a major political strength of socialism with Chinese characteristics," Xi wrote in an article published in Qiushi Journal, the flagship magazine of the CPC Central Committee.习近平在中共中央旗舰杂志《求是》上发表的一篇文章中写道：“科学制定和连续实施五年计划是中国共产党的一项重要执政实践，也是中国特色社会主义的一项主要政治力量。”。"Practice has shown that medium-and long-term development planning can both harness the decisive role of the market in resource allocation and give better play to the role of the government," Xi wrote.Analysts have pointed out that the 2026 to 2030 period could be a critical window for the world's second-largest economy to fulfill its goal of basically achieving modernization by 2035. They have underlined a more complex global landscape, including rising protectionism and simmering trade tensions, in addition to domestic challenges including the graying population.分析人士指出，2026-30年可能是世界第二大经济体实现到2035年基本实现现代化目标的关键窗口。他们强调了更复杂的全球格局，包括保护主义抬头和贸易紧张局势加剧，以及包括人口老龄化在内的国内挑战。During a meeting in May, the State Council, China's Cabinet, highlighted the need to anchor the nation's development strategy in strengthening the domestic economy and to leverage its inherent stability and long-term growth potential as a buffer against the rising uncertainties of the global economic cycle.在5月的一次会议上，中国国务院强调，需要将国家发展战略锚定在加强国内经济上，并利用其固有的稳定性和长期增长潜力，作为应对全球经济周期日益增加的不确定性的缓冲。Xi has highlighted giving further strategic priority to developing new quality productive forces in alignment with local conditions, and steadily advancing the drive for common prosperity, as key priorities in the next five years.Zhu Keli, founding director of the China Institute of New Economy, said the growth of new quality productive forces, featuring high technology, high efficiency and high quality, will help elevate China's position in global supply chains and build economic resilience and competitiveness over the next five years.中国新经济研究院创始院长朱克利表示，以高技术、高效率和高质量为特征的新型优质生产力的增长，将有助于提升中国在全球供应链中的地位，并在未来五年建立经济韧性和竞争力。"By targeting breakthroughs in core technologies and shoring up critical supply chains, the nation can pioneer the next stage of industrial development," he said.他说：“通过瞄准核心技术的突破和支撑关键供应链，国家可以引领下一阶段的工业发展。”。Zhu also highlighted the significance of expanding high-level opening-up going forward, which will enable the further integration of domestic and global markets.朱还强调了进一步扩大高水平对外开放的重要性，这将使国内和全球市场进一步融合。With birth rates falling and the population aging, expanding access to higher education and easing the burdens of childbearing are likely to become policy priorities.随着出生率下降和人口老龄化，扩大高等教育机会和减轻生育负担可能成为政策重点。"If a more supportive environment for childbearing can be established — one that allows people to better balance work and family life — it would play a critical role in stabilizing the population decline and securing sustainable economic development in the medium to long term," said Dong, from Tsinghua University.清华大学的董说：“如果能够建立一个更加支持生育的环境，让人们更好地平衡工作和家庭生活，这将在稳定人口下降和确保中长期经济可持续发展方面发挥关键作用。”。Li Shi, dean of the Institute for Common Prosperity and Development at Zhejiang University, said the raising of residential income and the narrowing of gaps in wealth and public services should be prioritized to advance the drive for common prosperity.浙江大学共同富裕与发展研究所所长李石表示，应优先提高居民收入，缩小贫富差距和公共服务差距，以推进共同富裕。Meanwhile, more targeted measures should be rolled out to improve the social safety net for people of low-income groups, the majority of whom live in rural areas, he said, adding that one policy direction could be raising the level of pension payments to elderly residents in rural areas.同时，他说，应推出更有针对性的措施，改善低收入群体的社会保障网，其中大多数生活在农村地区。他补充说，一个政策方向可能是提高农村老年居民的养老金水平。CPC Central Committeen.中共中央委员会common prosperityn.共同富裕

China will hold a grand military parade in Beijing on Sept 3 to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, senior Chinese officials announced on Tuesday. 中国官方于周二（6月20号）宣布，9月3日将在北京举行盛大阅兵仪式，纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年。On the morning of Sept 3, China will hold a grand ceremony at Tian'anmen Square in Beijing to mark the 80th anniversary of the victory of these two wars, including a troop review, said Hu Heping, deputy head of the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee.中共中央宣传部副部长胡和平表示，9月3日上午将在北京天安门广场举行纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年大会，包括阅兵式。The ceremony will be held in the name of the CPC Central Committee, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the State Council, the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and the Central Military Commission, he added in a news conference held by the State Council Information Office.他在国务院新闻办公室举行的记者会上补充道，该仪式将以中共中央委员会、全国人民代表大会常务委员会、国务院、中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会和中央军事委员会的名义联合举行。Wu Zeke, deputy head of the combat operations department of the Central Military Commission's Joint Staff Department, said that the equipment formations participating in the upcoming parade will prominently display the latest achievements in the Chinese military's equipment system development.中央军委联合参谋部作战局副局长吴克杰表示，此次阅兵的装备方队将重点展示我军武器装备体系化发展成就。"All weapons and equipment to be reviewed are domestically produced, active-duty main battle gear," Wu said.吴克杰说："所有受阅装备均为国产现役主战装备。"In addition, leaders, former political dignitaries from relevant countries, main leaders of international organizations, and foreign diplomatic envoys in China will be invited to attend the commemorative activities, Hu said.此外，胡和平表示中方还将邀请相关国家领导人、前政治要员，国际组织主要负责人，以及外国驻华使节出席纪念活动。Representatives of international friends who contributed to China's victory against Japanese aggression, or their descendants, will also receive invitations, he said.胡和平说，中方还将邀请为中国抗战胜利作出贡献的国际友人及其遗属代表出席纪念活动。Additionally, China will host a series of commemorative activities nationwide starting from July. It will also award commemorative medals for the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression to living veterans and old comrades of the war, anti-Japanese war generals or their descendants.此外，7月起全国各地将陆续推出一系列纪念活动。中方还将向健在的抗战老战士、老同志，抗战将领或其遗属颁发中国人民抗日战争胜利80周年纪念章。A ceremony will be held on July 7 at the Museum of the War of Chinese People's Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in Beijing to commemorate the 88th anniversary of the Lugou Bridge Incident, according to Hu.胡和平介绍，7月7日将在中国人民抗日战争纪念馆举行仪式，纪念全民族抗战爆发88周年。The incident is recognized as the start of Japan's full-scale invasion and China's whole-nation resistance against the invaders.1937年7月7日发生的卢沟桥事变标志着日本全面侵华战争爆发，中国全民族抗战开始。Around Oct 25, a conference will be held to commemorate the 80th anniversary of Taiwan's retrocession, Hu said, expressing support to overseas Chinese to organize related commemorative activities in their local areas.胡和平表示，10月25日左右将举行台湾光复80周年纪念大会，支持海外侨胞在当地开展相关纪念活动。OnDec 13, a national memorial ceremony for the victims of the Nanjing Massacre willbe held in Nanjing, Jiangsu province.12月13日将在江苏南京举行南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭仪式。Furthermore, Hong Kong and Macao will also organize a series of commemorative activities.此外，香港和澳门特别行政区也将组织一系列纪念活动。military parade阅兵anniversary/ˌænɪˈvɜː(r)s(ə)ri/n.周年纪念（日）troop review阅兵式full-scale invasion全面入侵commemorative/kəˈmem(ə)rətɪv/adj.纪念的，纪念性的

Last time we spoke about Japan's preparations for War. In late 1936, tensions soared in China as Nationalist General Chiang Kai-shek was detained by dissenting commanders who were frustrated with his focus on communism instead of the growing Japanese threat. Faced with escalating Japanese aggression, these leaders forced Chiang into a reluctant alliance with the Chinese Communist Party, marking a pivotal shift in China's strategy. Despite this union, China remained unprepared, lacking sufficient military supplies and modern equipment. Conversely, Japan, wary of Chinese modernization efforts, pushed for a preemptive strike to dismantle Chiang's regime before it could pose a serious threat. As aggressive military exercises intensified, Japan underestimated Chinese resilience. By spring 1937, both nations found themselves on the brink of war, with Japan's divided military leadership struggling to formulate a coherent strategy. Ultimately, these miscalculations would lead to the full-scale Sino-Japanese War, altering the course of history in East Asia.   #154 The Marco Polo Bridge Incident  Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. Here we are at last, the beginning of the absolute cataclysm between China and Japan. Now as many of you know I run the Pacific War week by week podcast, which technically covers the second sino-japanese war, nearly to a T. So for this podcast I want to try and portray the event from the Chinese and Japanese point of view, but not in the rather dry manner of the other podcast. In the other podcast I am hampered by the week by week format and can never dig deep into the nitty gritty as they say. On the same hand I don't want to simply regurgitate every single battle of this conflict, it would be absolutely nuts. So bear with me friends as we fall down in the rabbit hole of madness together, who knows how long it will take to get out. On the night of July 7, 1937, at approximately 19:30, the 8th Squadron of the 3rd Battalion of the 1st Regiment of the Hebian Brigade of the Japanese Army, stationed in Fengtai and led by Squadron Leader Shimizu Seiro, conducted a military exercise, heading toward Lungwangmiao, approximately just under a mile northwest of the Marco Polo Bridge The exercise simulated an operation to capture the bridge. As you may have guessed it was named after the Italian explorer Marco Polo, who described it in his travels, the bridge is renowned for its intricate carvings of lions and other sculptures. However after 1937, the Marco Polo Bridge would be far less known for its history dealing with the venetian explorer and more so with an event that many would contend to be the start of WW2. At that time, troops from Japan, Britain, France, and Italy were stationed near Peiping in accordance with the Boxer Protocol of 1901. The Japanese China Garrison Army, comprising around 4,000 soldiers and commanded by Lieutenant-General Tashiro Kan'ichirō, was based in Tientsin. Its mission was to "maintain communication lines between Peiping and the seaports in the Gulf of Chihli and to protect Japanese citizens living in key areas of North China." The protocol also permitted the garrison forces of the signatory nations to conduct field drills and rifle practice without notifying the Chinese authorities, with the exception of cases involving live fire. During this period, Japanese troops were conducting nightly exercises in anticipation of a scheduled review on July 9. The night maneuver was within the army's rights under the Boxer Protocol and was not an illegal act, as later claimed by the Chinese. However, the Japanese army had courteously informed the Chinese authorities about its training plans in advance. Despite this, the atmosphere was charged with tension, and the Japanese decision to use blank ammunition during their night exercise further escalated the already volatile situation. Earlier that evening, Captain Shimizu Setsurö, a company commander, arrived at the banks of the Yungting River, where the maneuver was to take place. He noticed that the site looked different since the last exercise had occurred; Chinese troops had recently constructed new trenches and parapets from the embankment to the Lungwangmiao shelter. While eating his dinner and surveying the area, Shimizu felt a sense of unease, harboring a premonition that “something might happen that night.” After completing the first stage of the maneuver around 10:30 PM, several live rounds were fired into the assembled company from the direction of the riverbank. Shimizu immediately conducted a roll call and found one soldier missing. He promptly sent a messenger to inform the battalion commander. The exercise was then called off, and the company moved eastward to await further orders at Hsiwulitien. Battalion Commander Itsuki Kiyonaho, upon receiving the report, deemed the situation serious. Aside from the gunfire heard in the darkness from an unknown source, he expressed concern over the soldier's disappearance and sought permission from Regiment Commander Mutaguchi Renya, an absolute moron, if you listen to the pacific war podcast, well you know. Anyways to relocate the battalion to the area where the shots had been fired and to establish surveillance. As dawn approached, the troops heard several more gunshots. Within twenty minutes of the soldier's disappearance, he returned to his ranks, but Shimizu did not report this update until four hours later. Meanwhile, midnight negotiations included a Japanese request for permission to search the city of Wanping, leading both sides to believe the incident was significant. Around 11:00 PM, the Japanese forces falsely reported that one of their soldiers had gone missing during the drill and demanded permission to enter the city for a search. This request was firmly denied by Ji Xingwen, the commander of the 219th Regiment of the 37th Division of the Chinese Army. In response, Japanese troops swiftly surrounded Wanping County. To prevent further escalation, at 2:00 AM the following morning, Qin Dechun, deputy commander of the 29th Army and mayor of Beiping, agreed with the Japanese to allow both sides to send personnel for an investigation. While Matsui, the head of the Japanese secret service in Peiping, was negotiating with North Chinese authorities based on unverified reports from Japanese troops in Fengtai, Ikki Kiyonao, the battalion commander of the Japanese garrison in Fengtai, had already reported to his regiment commander, Mutaguchi Lianya. The latter approved orders for the Japanese troops in Fengtai to “immediately move out” to the Marco Polo Bridge.  On July 8, a large contingent of Japanese troops appeared at Lugou Bridge. Shen Zhongming, the platoon leader of the 10th Company of the Reserve Force of the 3rd Battalion of the 219th Regiment of the 37th Division of the 29th Army, was assisting in guarding the bridgehead. He jumped out of the trench, stood in front of the bunker, and raised his right hand to halt the advancing Japanese troops. However, the Japanese military threatened to search for their missing soldiers, pushed forward, and opened fire. Shen Zhongming was shot and died on the spot. At 4:50 AM, the Japanese army launched a fierce assault on Wanping County, capturing Shagang in the northeast of Wanping and firing the first shot of the siege. Unable to withstand the aggression, the Chinese defenders mounted a counterattack. That day, the Japanese army assaulted Wanping City three times, targeting the Pinghan Railway Bridge and the Chinese defenders at the Huilong Temple position on the left. He Jifeng, the commander of the 110th Brigade of the Chinese defenders, issued a resolute order to “live and die with the bridge” and personally commanded the front-line battle. The Chinese defenders engaged in fierce combat, fighting valiantly despite exhausting their ammunition and resorting to hand-to-hand combat with swords against the Japanese soldiers. Tragically, over 80 Chinese defenders from two platoons were killed at the bridgehead. On the same day, the Beijing authorities instructed the garrison to hold firm at the Marco Polo Bridge. Song Queyuan sent a telegram to Chiang Kai-shek to report the true events of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident. The National Government's Ministry of Foreign Affairs lodged a verbal protest with the Japanese ambassador regarding the incident. Additionally, the CPC Central Committee issued a telegram urging all Chinese soldiers and civilians to unite and resist Japanese aggression. The Japanese cabinet, in a bid to mislead global public opinion, proposed a so-called policy of “resolving the incident locally without escalating it,” aiming to paralyze the KMT authorities and buy time to mobilize additional forces. In the wake of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, generals of the 29th Army, including Qin Dechun, Feng Zhian, and Zhang Zizhong, convened an emergency meeting. Following their discussions, they issued a statement demanding that their troops withdraw from the Marco Polo Bridge to de-escalate tensions. However, they expressed deep concerns about national sovereignty, stating, “We cannot simply back down. If they continue to oppress us, we will do our utmost to defend ourselves.” Concurrently, the 29th Army commanded the troops defending the Marco Polo Bridge: “The Marco Polo Bridge is your grave. You must live and die with the bridge and must not retreat.” Brigade Commander He Jifeng reinforced three directives for the defenders:  1. Do not allow the Japanese army to enter the city;  2. Firmly counterattack if the Japanese invade;  3. You are responsible for defending the territory and will never yield. If you abandon your position, you will face military law. On July 9, the 29th Army successfully eliminated a Japanese squadron and reclaimed control of the railway bridge and Longwang Temple. A temporary lull settled over the Marco Polo Bridge battlefield, during which the Japanese military made false claims that "missing Japanese soldiers had returned to their units" and described the situation as a misunderstanding that could be resolved peacefully. Subsequently, Chinese and Japanese representatives in Beijing and Tianjin engaged in negotiations. The Beijing authorities reached an agreement with the Japanese forces, which included:  (1) an immediate cessation of hostilities by both parties;  (2) the Japanese army withdrawing to the left bank of the Yongding River while the Chinese army retreated to the right bank; and  (3) the defense of Lugou Bridge being assigned to Shi Yousan's unit of the Hebei Security Team. However, the following day, while the Chinese army withdrew as agreed, the Japanese army not only failed to uphold its commitments but also dispatched a significant number of troops to launch an offensive against the Chinese forces. Reports on July 10 indicated that the Japanese army had arrived from Tianjin, Gubeikou, Yuguan, and other locations, advancing toward the Lugou Bridge with artillery and tanks, and had occupied Dajing Village and Wulidian, signaling that another outbreak of conflict was imminent. On July 11, the Japanese Cabinet decided to deploy seven divisions from the Kwantung Army, the Korean Army, and Japan to North China. On the same day, the Beiping-Tianjin authorities reached a localized agreement with the Japanese army, which entailed:  (1) a formal apology from a representative of the 29th Army to the Japanese forces, along with assurances that those responsible for the initial conflict would be held accountable;  (2) a ban on anti-Japanese activities conducted by the Communist Party, the Blue Shirts Society, and other resistance groups; and  (3) an agreement ensuring that no Chinese troops would be stationed east of the Yongding River. Concurrently, the Japanese army positioned their forces at strategic points in Wuqing, Fengtai, Wanping, and Changping, effectively encircling the city of Beijing and continuing to advance troops into its surrounding suburbs. Starting on July 11, the Japanese army began bombarding Wanping City and its surrounding areas with artillery, resulting in numerous casualties among the local population. Following the injury of regiment commander Ji Xingwen, residents were evacuated to safer locations outside the city. The conflict then spread to Babaoshan, Changxindian, Langfang, Yangcun, and other areas, with the 29th Army being deployed to various locations to confront the enemy. The Japanese military also dispatched aircraft for reconnaissance and strafing missions, leading to intermittent fighting. On July 13, Mao Zedong urged "every Communist Party member and anti-Japanese revolutionary to be prepared to mobilize to the frontline of the anti-Japanese war at any time" from Yan'an. By July 15, a CPC representative presented the "Communist Party Declaration on Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party" to Chiang Kai-shek, proposing that this declaration serve as the political foundation for cooperation between the two parties and be publicly issued by the Kuomintang. Zhou Enlai, Qin Bangxian, and Lin Boqu continued negotiations with Chiang Kai-shek, Shao Lizi, and Zhang Chong in Lushan. Although Chiang Kai-shek recognized the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, disagreements remained regarding the reorganization of the Red Army. On July 16, the Five Ministers Conference in Tokyo resolved to mobilize 400,000 Japanese troops to invade China and to enforce a policy aimed at rapidly destroying the entire country. The following day, more than 100 Japanese soldiers arrived in Shunyi and Changping, where they reinforced fortifications on the city wall of Changping. On July 18, the Japanese army invaded Changping, Tongzhou, and other counties in the pseudo-border areas by maneuvering through various passes of the Great Wall. Japanese plainclothes teams were reported to be active in the Xiaotangshan area of Changping, raising alert levels within the Chinese army. On July 20, the Kuomintang Military and Political Department became aware that the Japanese army intended to first occupy strategic locations such as the Indigo Factory, Wanshou Mountain, and Balizhuang in the Pingxi area, before cutting off the Pingsui Road and controlling the route from Beiping to Changping. On July 21, the Japanese army violated the agreement by bombarding Wanping County and the garrison at Changxindian.  On the night of July 25, a confrontation took place at the railway station in Langfang, located between Peiping and Tientsin. The clash involved Chinese troops and a Japanese company dispatched to repair telegraph lines. General Kazuki promptly sought Tokyo's permission to respond with military force, believing that the situation required immediate action. Without waiting for authorization, he ordered a regiment from Tientsin to engage the Chinese forces and issued an ultimatum to Sung Che-yuan, stating that if the 37th Division did not completely withdraw from Peiping by noon on July 28, the Garrison Army would take unilateral action. The 77th Infantry Regiment of the 20th Division was dispatched with the Gonoi Squadron to escort a repair team to Langfang Station. Stationed near Langfang were the headquarters of the 113th Brigade of the 38th Division, along with the main force of the 226th Regiment, led by Brigade Commander Liu Zhensan and Regiment Commander Cui Zhenlun. Although the leadership of the 29th Army adopted a passive stance in the war of resistance, the forces in Langfang prepared for conflict in an organized manner. They not only evacuated the families of servicemen and relocated the regiment headquarters, but also built fortifications and deployed plainclothes teams at Wanzhuang Station, Luofa Station, and Langfang Station to swiftly destroy the railway if necessary. Despite their preparations, the commanders of the 38th Division adhered to Song Queyuan's directives. When the 5th Company, stationed at Yangcun, observed Japanese supply units continually moving toward Lugou Bridge, they sought permission to engage the enemy. However, the 38th Division later reassigned this company. The Bac Ninh Line, established after the Boxer Protocol, had granted the Japanese the right to station troops, placing the 38th Division in a vulnerable position and preventing them from stopping the Japanese before they reached Langfang. Upon the arrival of Japanese forces at Langfang Station, Chinese guards initiated negotiations, requesting the Japanese to withdraw quickly after completing their mission. The Japanese, however, insisted on establishing camps outside the station, leading to repeated arguments. As tensions mounted, the Japanese began constructing positions near the station, ultimately forcing Chinese troops to retreat and escalating the conflict. The situation reached a boiling point around 11:10 pm, when fierce gunfire and explosions erupted near Langfang Station. The Japanese army claimed they were defending the station from an attack by Chinese forces armed with rifles, machine guns, and mortars throughout the night. According to Cui Zhenlun, the head of the 226th Regiment, it was the 9th and 10th companies that could no longer tolerate the Japanese provocation and fired first, catching the enemy off guard. As the battle intensified, reinforcements from the main force of the 77th Infantry Regiment “Li Deng Unit” arrived at the scene after receiving reports of the skirmish and gradually joined the fight after 6:30 am on July 26. When dawn broke, Japanese troops stationed at Langfang began to rush out to counterattack, seeing their reinforcements arrive. Recognizing they could not eliminate the Japanese presence at the station quickly, the 226th Regiment faced heavy bombardment from the Japanese Air Force later that morning. Consequently, the headquarters of the 113th Brigade and the primary forces of the 226th Regiment hastily retreated to Tongbai Town, suffering significant losses in equipment during their withdrawal. That night, Kazuki made the unilateral decision to abandon the policy of restraint and decided to use force on July 28 "to punish the Chinese troops in the Peiping-Tientsin area." On the morning of July 27, the army high command endorsed his decision and submitted a plan to the cabinet for mobilizing divisions in Japan. The cabinet agreed, and imperial approval was sought. At that time, the Chinese army was gathering in significant numbers in Baoding and Shijiazhuang in southern Hebei, as well as in Datong, Shanxi. They had effectively surrounded the Japanese army on all sides in the Fengtai District. Meanwhile, newly mobilized units of the Kwantung Army and the Japanese Korean Army were en route to the Tianjin and Beiping areas. The 2nd Battalion of the 2nd China Garrison Infantry Regiment, commanded by Major Hirobe, was dispatched with 26 trucks to the Japanese barracks within the walls of Beiping to ensure the protection of Japanese residents. Prior discussions had taken place between Takuro Matsui, head of the Special Service Agency, and officials from the Hebei–Chahar Political Council regarding the passage of troops through the Guang'anmen gate just outside Beiping. The mayor, Qin Dechun, had granted approval for this movement. However, when Major Tokutaro Sakurai, a military and political advisor to the Council, arrived at Guang'anmen, a famous gate to Beiping, around 6:00 pm to establish contact, he found that the Chinese troops on guard had closed the gate. After further negotiations, the gates were opened at approximately 7:30 pm, allowing the Japanese units to begin passing through. Unfortunately, as the first three trucks crossed, the Chinese opened fire on them. Two-thirds of the units managed to get through before the gate was abruptly shut, leaving a portion of Hirobe's troops trapped both inside and outside. As they faced unexpectedly heavy fire from machine guns and grenades, efforts by Japanese and Chinese advisors to pacify the Chinese troops proved futile. By 8:00 pm, the Japanese launched a counterattack from both sides of the gate. The Chinese received reinforcements and encircled the Japanese forces. Despite a relief column being dispatched by Brigadier Masakazu Kawabe, commander of the brigade in the Fengtai District, by 9:30 pm, negotiations with the Chinese yielded a proposal for de-escalation: the Chinese army would maintain a distance while the Japanese inside the gate would relocate to the grounds of their legation, and those outside would return to Fengtai. Fighting ceased shortly after 10:00 pm, and at approximately 2:00 am the following day, Hirobe's unit successfully entered the barracks in the legation. The total casualties reported for the Japanese army during these confrontations were 2 dead and 17 wounded. Both fatalities were superior privates. The wounded included one major, one captain, one sergeant, two superior privates, one private first class, seven privates second class, two attached civilians, and one news reporter. Additionally, the interpreter accompanying Tokutaro Sakurai was also killed in action. On July 27, the Japanese army launched attacks on the 29th Army garrisons in Tongxian, Tuanhe, Xiaotangshan, and other locations, forcing the defenders to retreat to Nanyuan and Beiyuan. At 8:00 am on July 28, under the command of Army Commander Kiyoshi Kozuki, the Japanese army initiated a general assault on the 29th Army in the Beiping area. The primary attacking force, the 20th Division, supported by aircraft and artillery, targeted the 29th Army Special Brigade, the 114th Brigade of the 38th Division, and the 9th Cavalry Division stationed in Nanyuan. Overwhelmed by the Japanese assault, Nanyuan's defenders struggled to maintain command, leading to chaotic individual combat. Meanwhile, the main Japanese garrison brigade in Fengtai advanced to Dahongmen, effectively cutting off the Nanyuan troops' route to the city and blocking their retreat. The battle for Nanyuan concluded at 1:00 pm, resulting in the deaths of Tong Lingge, deputy commander of the 29th Army, and Zhao Dengyu, commander of the 132nd Division. As this unfolded, elements of the 37th Division of the 29th Army launched an attack on the Japanese forces in Fengtai but were repulsed by Japanese reinforcements. On that day, the Japanese Army's 1st Independent Mixed Brigade captured Qinghe Town, prompting the 2nd Brigade of the Hebei-Northern Security Force, stationed there, to retreat to Huangsi. The Japanese also occupied Shahe. In the afternoon of July 28, Song Qeyuan appointed Zhang Zizhong as the acting chairman of the Hebei-Chahar Political Affairs Committee and director of the Hebei-Chahar Pacification Office, as well as the mayor of Beiping, before leaving the city for Baoding that evening. The 37th Division was ordered to retreat to Baoding. On July 29th, a significant mutiny broke out at Tongzhou. If you remember our episode covering the Tanggu truce, Tongzhou had become the capital of the East Hubei Anti-Communist Autonomous Government headed by Yin Jukeng. In response Chiang Kai-Shek had established the East Hebei Administrative Affairs Committee, chaired by Song Queyuan. In Tongzhou, Japanese troops were stationed under the pretext of protecting Japanese residents, as stipulated by the Boxer Protocol. Initially, a unit was intended to be stationed in Tongzhou; however, Vice Minister of the Army Umezu Yoshijiro strongly opposed this plan, arguing that placing forces in Tongzhou, far from the Beiping-Tianjin Line was inconsistent with the spirit of the Boxer Protocol. Consequently, this unit was stationed in Fengtai, located southwest of Beiping. At the time of the Tongzhou Incident, the main force of the Japanese Second Regiment, which was responsible for defending Tongzhou, had been deployed to Nanyuan, south of Beijing. Consequently, only non-combat personnel remained in Tongzhou. Japan regarded the Jidong Anti-Communist Autonomous Government Security Force as a friendly ally. Back on July 27, the primary forces of the Japanese Army stationed in Tongzhou, comprising the Kayashima Unit and the Koyama Artillery Unit, received orders to advance toward Nanyuan, Beiping, leaving Tongzhou significantly under-defended. The following day, the Japanese launched a substantial attack on Nanyuan, employing aircraft to bomb Beiping. Sensing a critical opportunity, Zhang Qingyu conferred with Zhang Yantian and Shen Weigan to initiate an uprising that very night. The insurgent force included elements from the first and second corps and the teaching corps, totaling approximately 4,000 personnel. Zhang Qingyu orchestrated the uprising with a focused strategy: the first corps was divided into three groups targeting Japanese forces in Xicang, the puppet government, and various establishments such as opium dens, casinos, and brothels operated by Japanese ronin. Meanwhile, the second corps secured key intersections and facilities in Chengguan, and the teaching corps managed defenses against potential reinforcements at vital stations. At dawn on July 29, the gunfire signaling the uprising erupted. The second unit of the first corps launched an assault on the Xicang Barracks, which housed 120 troops and non-combat personnel, including the Tongzhou Guard, Yamada Motor Vehicle Unit, a Military Police Detachment, and a host of military and police units, totaling about 500 individuals. At around 3 a.m. on July 29, the sound of gunfire filled the air as the insurgents engaged the Japanese forces. Although equipped with only four field guns, several mortars, and a few heavy machine guns, the uprising's numerical superiority enabled simultaneous attacks from the east, south, and northwest. Despite their well-fortified positions and rigorous defense, the Japanese troops struggled against the relentless onslaught. For over six hours, fierce fighting ensued. The uprising troops escalated their firepower but failed to breach the Xicang Barracks initially. More than 200 members of the Japanese security forces lost their lives in the conflict. Concerned that reinforcements might arrive and flank the uprising, Zhang Qingyu ordered artillery assaults around 11 a.m., prompting a shift in the battle's dynamics. The artillery targeted a Japanese motor vehicle convoy transporting supplies and munitions, leading to the destruction of all 17 vehicles, triggering explosions that scattered bullets and shrapnel across the area. Subsequently, nearby fuel depots ignited, engulfing the surroundings in flames and creating chaos among Japanese ranks. The insurgent infantry capitalized on this confusion, wiping out most of the remaining Japanese forces, with only a handful managing to escape. As the uprising signal rang out, another faction of insurgents swiftly blocked access to Tongzhou, disrupting traffic and occupying the telecommunications bureau and radio station. They encircled the offices of the Jidong puppet government, capturing traitor Yin Rugeng, who was taken to the Beiguan Lu Zu Temple. Despite being urged to resist the Japanese, Yin hesitated and was subsequently imprisoned. The third group then targeted the Japanese secret service agency in Nishicang. Hosoki Shigeru, residing a mere lane away from the pseudo-office, responded to the gunfire by mobilizing a contingent of secret agents to confront the uprising. However, the insurgents swiftly overtook the secret service agency, resulting in Shigeru's death and the annihilation of all secret personnel. At 4:00 p.m. on July 29, the Japanese command dispatched reinforcements, compelling the insurgents to retreat from Tongzhou. The Japanese Chinese Garrison ordered air attacks on the uprising forces, with over ten bombers targeting Tongzhou. Concurrently, the Japanese Fengtai Infantry Brigade and the Second Regiment were mobilized for a rescue operation, arriving on the morning of July 30. The Japanese headquarters issued a night defense order requiring all units to be on high alert. By 5:30 p.m., commanding officers assembled to devise a strategy. With the uprising forces still positioned around the eastern, southern, and northern walls of the barracks, Tsujimura's troops implemented strict measures: all units were instructed to fortify defenses throughout the night, with the Tongzhou Guard directly protecting the barracks and the Yamada unit securing the warehouse and supply areas. They enforced silence, prohibiting any lights at night, coordinating operations under the code name "plum cherry." As the Japanese planes repeatedly bombed the area, the insurgents, lacking anti-aircraft defenses, could only mount futile counterattacks with machine guns, leading to disorder among their ranks. Many insurgents abandoned their uniforms and weapons and fled, prompting Zhang Qingyu to make the difficult decision to evacuate Tongzhou before Japanese reinforcements arrived, regrouping in Beiping with the remnants of the 29th Army. In the late hours of July 29, the security team retreated to Beiping in two groups. Upon arrival, they discovered the 29th Army had already evacuated, forcing them to retreat to Changxindian and Baoding. En route, they encountered part of the Suzuki Brigade of the Japanese Kwantung Army near Beiyuan and Xizhimen, where they faced concentrated attacks. Officers Shen Weigan and Zhang Hanming were both killed in the subsequent battles as they led their teams in desperate fights for survival. Amid the confusion, Yin Rugeng managed to escape when the convoy escorting him was broken up by Japanese forces. In a last-ditch effort, Zhang Qingyu ordered the army to split into small groups of 50 to 60, navigating through Mentougou to regroup with the 29th Army. By the time they reached Baoding, only about 4,000 personnel remained. On the morning of July 30, over a thousand troops from the Sakai Army entered Tongzhou City. They rounded up all men they encountered, searching residences for insurgents, and exhibited intentions of massacring the local population. By 4 p.m., the Kayashima Army arrived and sealed all city gates, deploying surveillance units to oversee the city and "restore public order." The Tsujimura Army removed perimeter defenses and concentrated their forces in barracks and storage facilities. Japanese troops combed through residences based on household registries, detaining those they deemed suspicious, with many later executed. As reported by the puppet county magistrate Wang Jizhang, roughly 700 to 800 individuals were executed within a few days. This brutal retaliation instilled terror throughout Tongzhou City, leading many to flee and seek refuge, often in American churches. The pervasive atmosphere of fear lasted for two to three months. The Japanese authorities framed their violent suppression as "restoring stability to East Asia" and derided the legitimate resistance of Chinese citizens as "communist harassment" and "treason." In response to the uprising, the Japanese embassy, concerned that it could trigger a repeat of the Temple Street Incident and instigate political upheaval at home, acted without government instructions. They appointed Morishima Morito to oversee negotiations with Chi Zongmo, who had replaced Yin Rugeng as the head of the "Hebei Anti-Communist Autonomous Government." On December 24, 1937, Chi submitted a formal apology to the Japanese embassy, committing to pay a total of 1.2 million yuan in reparations, with an immediate payment of 400,000 yuan, while the remaining 800,000 yuan would be disbursed by the "Provisional Government of the Republic of China." Furthermore, the Japanese demanded that the "Hebei Anti-Communist Autonomous Government" relinquish the territories where Japanese nationals had been killed and take responsibility for constructing "comfort towers." They compelled Chinese laborers to build these structures at the former site of the Governor's Office of Canal Transport in Shuiyueyuan Hutong, Nanmenli, and the northeastern corner of Xicang Square to commemorate Japanese casualties from the uprising. Additionally, they forcibly uprooted ancient trees from the Temple of Heaven, transplanting them around the "comfort towers." The Japanese military also demolished white marble guardrails at the Confucian Temple to erect a monument honoring their soldiers, resulting in the destruction of centuries-old cultural artifacts. On the morning of July 29, the Japanese Army's 11th Independent Mixed Brigade attacked Beiyuan and Huangsi. The Hebei-Northern Security Force, stationed in Huangsi, engaged the Japanese forces until 6:00 PM before retreating. Meanwhile, the 39th Independent Brigade, garrisoned in Beiyuan, fought the Japanese before withdrawing to Gucheng, eventually returning to Beiyuan. On July 31, this brigade was disarmed by the Japanese army, while the Independent 27th Brigade in the city was reorganized into a security team to maintain public order, later breaking through to Chahar Province a few days later and being assigned to the 143rd Division. Meanwhile, the 38th Division of the 29th Army, stationed in Tianjin, proactively attacked Japanese troops in Tianjin early on July 29, capturing the Japanese garrison at Tianjin General Station and launching an assault on the Japanese headquarters at Haiguang Temple and the Dongjuzi Airport. Initially, the battle progressed favorably; however, due to counterattacks from Japanese aircraft and artillery, the Chinese forces began to retreat around 3:00 PM, leading to the fall of Tianjin. Later that afternoon, the rebel forces evacuated Tong County and advanced toward Beiping. En route, they were attacked by the Japanese army north of the city and subsequently retreated to Baoding. As the 37th Division of the 29th Army received orders to retreat southward, the 110th Brigade covered the army headquarters and the Beiping troops from Wanping to Babaoshan, eventually retreating southward through Mentougou. After completing their task, they withdrew to Baoding on July 30. By the end of the 30th, the Japanese army had occupied both Beiping and Tianjin. The Japanese Independent Mixed Brigade No. 1 and the garrison brigade occupied high ground west of Changxindian and the area near Dahuichang on the evenings of the 30th and 31st, respectively. With this, the battles in Beiping and Tianjin effectively came to a close. China and Japan were at war. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. It has finally happened, China and Japan are officially at war. From 1931 until now, it had been an unofficial war between the two, yet another incident had finally broke the camel's back. There was no turning back as Japan would unleash horror upon the Chinese people. The fight for China's survival had begun. China was completely alone against a fierce enemy, how would she manage? 

As external uncertainties continue to escalate, consumption, particularly in the services sector, is poised to assume an increasingly important role in underpinning the Chinese economy this year, analysts said.分析人士指出，随着外部不确定性持续加剧，消费特别是服务消费将在今年中国经济中扮演愈发重要的支柱角色。A high-level meeting convened by China's top leadership in late April placed high premiums on efforts to boost services consumption and strengthen the role of consumption in driving economic growth.今年4月下旬召开的中央高层会议明确提出，要着力扩大服务消费，进一步增强消费对经济增长的拉动作用。The meeting held by the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee also called for a swift removal of restrictive measures in the consumption sector.中共中央政治局会议还要求，抓紧破除消费领域存在的限制性措施。Before the tone-setting meeting, Commerce Minister Wang Wentao said in mid-April that "expanding services consumption will be instrumental in further tapping into untapped consumption potential and in creating a crucial engine to drive consumption growth, both in the near term and the longer run."在此次定调会议之前，商务部部长王文涛（Wang Wentao）4月中旬曾表示，“扩大服务消费，扩大服务消费将有助于进一步挖掘未开发的消费潜力，推动形成消费新引擎，拉动短期和长期的消费增长。”International evidence suggests that when a country's per capita GDP reaches around $15,000, its consumption structure transitions from being goods-dominant to being services-driven. Given that China's per capita GDP has already surpassed $13,000, the country's services consumption is now in a rapid growth stage, Wang said in a published article in Qiushi Journal, the flagship magazine of the CPC Central Committee.王文涛在中共中央机关刊《求是》杂志撰文指出，国际经验表明，当一国人均GDP达到1.5万美元左右时，消费结构会从以物质消费为主转向以服务型消费为主。中国人均GDP已超过1.3万美元，服务消费正处在快速发展阶段。In the first quarter of this year, retail sales of services grew by 5 percent year-on-year, outpacing the growth rate of goods retail by 0.4 percentage point, data from the National Bureau of Statistics showed.国家统计局数据显示，今年一季度，服务零售额同比增长5%，增速较商品零售快0.4个百分点。Analysts believe that services consumption will be a primary area of focus in the government's forthcoming policy initiatives.分析人士认为，服务消费将成为政府后续政策发力的重点领域。"The country's trade-in policies have predominantly targeted the consumption of durable goods, which might front-load future demand," said Xu Tianchen, senior economist at the Economist Intelligence Unit.经济学人智库高级经济学家徐天辰（Xu Tianchen）表示：“当前国家实施的以旧换新政策主要针对耐用消费品，这可能提前释放未来需求。”Services consumption not only has a higher frequency of usage, but also presents substantial untapped potential that can be cultivated through focused policy initiatives, Xu said, adding that trade-ins could be extended to cover the service sector.他指出，服务消费不仅使用频次更高，且存在大量待开发潜力，通过针对性政策可有效激发，他还建议将服务领域纳入以旧换新政策覆盖范围。In mid-April, the Ministry of Commerce, along with eight other government departments, jointly issued an action plan for improving services consumption this year, covering established areas like catering, accommodation, healthcare and tourism, as well as new consumption formats such as sightseeing trains, skydiving and micro-dramas.今年4月中旬，商务部等9部门联合出台促进服务消费年度行动方案，涵盖餐饮住宿、医疗旅游等传统领域，以及观光列车、跳伞体验、微短剧等新兴业态。According to data from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the five-day May Day holiday period saw 314 million domestic tourist trips across China, an increase of 6.4 percent compared to the same period last year. Domestic tourists also spent a total of 180.269 billion yuan ($25 billion) during the holiday, up 8 percent year-on-year.据文化和旅游部统计，五一假期5天全国国内旅游出游人次达3.14亿，同比增长6.4%；国内游客出游总花费1802.69亿元（约合250亿美元），同比上升8%。Compared to the relatively mature goods consumption market, China's services consumption market still has some key areas that need to be strengthened, said Lian Ping, head of the Guangkai Chief Industry Research Institute.广开首席产业研究院院长连平表示，相较于较为成熟的商品消费市场，中国服务消费市场仍存在若干亟待补强的关键领域。"On the demand side, it will be important to take multiple measures to increase residents' disposable incomes, improve the social protection system and enhance consumers' services consumption abilities," Lian said.连平表示：“在需求端，需要多措并举提升居民可支配收入，完善社会保障体系，增强消费者服务消费能力。”Finance Minister Lan Fo'an said in a published article in Qiushi Journal on May 1 that China is emphasizing the integration of improving people's livelihoods and promoting consumption.财政部部长蓝佛安（Lan Fo'an）5月1日在《求是》杂志撰文指出，中国正着力推动民生改善与消费促进有机结合。Key measures include appropriately increasing pension levels, raising the standards of basic medical insurance for rural and urban nonworking residents, issuing child care subsidies, and expanding the scale of student financial aid, all aimed at strengthening consumers' spending power and willingness to consume, Lan added.蓝佛安称重点举措包括适度提高养老金水平、上调城乡居民基本医保标准、发放育儿补贴、扩大学生资助规模等，旨在增强居民消费能力与消费意愿。Meanwhile, Lian from the Guangkai Chief Industry Research Institute noted that expediting the urbanization process and boosting the consumption capabilities of migrant populations will be crucial in unleashing the potential of services consumption.连平同时强调，加快城镇化进程、提升流动人口消费能力，将成为释放服务消费潜力的关键所在。external uncertainties外部不确定性services consumption服务消费unleash/ʌnˈliːʃ/v.使爆发; 发泄; 突然释放trade-ins/treɪd ɪnz/n. 折旧贴换交易;以旧换新

President Xi Jinping interacts on Tuesday with staff at the Shanghai Foundation Model Innovation Center, a large-model incubator, in Shanghai's Xuhui district.周二，国家主席习近平在位于上海市徐汇区的上海基础模型创新中心与工作人员亲切交流。这个创新中心是一家大型模型孵化器。President Xi Jinping has called on Shanghai to accelerate efforts to build itself into a pacesetter for scientific and technological innovation, saying that the municipality should strive to be at the forefront of artificial intelligence development and governance.国家主席习近平要求上海加快建设科技创新强市，并表示上海要努力走在人工智能发展和治理的前列。Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, made the remarks during a fact-finding trip on Tuesday to the financial and industrial powerhouse of Shanghai.同时也是中共中央总书记、中央军委主席的习近平周二在对上海的金融和工业集团进行调研时发表了上述讲话。The visit came just days after Xi, during a group study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, emphasized the need for the country to promote self-reliance and strength in AI development.就在几天前，习近平在中共中央政治局集体学习期间强调，要推动人工智能发展自主创新、自主发展。During a trip to the Shanghai Foundation Model Innovation Center, an incubator for AI startups, Xi said that as AI technologies are rapidly evolving with explosive growth, it is important for Shanghai to summarize its successful experiences and expand its exploration in order to set an example for AI development and governance.在参观作为人工智能创业孵化器的上海基础模型创新中心时，习近平表示，当前人工智能技术发展日新月异、呈爆炸式增长，上海要总结成功经验，拓展探索，为人工智能发展和治理做出表率。As Shanghai is establishing itself as a global hub for AI and building the world's largest AI incubator, the city's market scale of AI industry surpassed 450 billion yuan ($61.9 billion) in 2024, according to the municipal government.上海市政府表示，随着上海打造全球人工智能中心，打造全球最大的人工智能孵化器，到2024年，上海人工智能产业市场规模已突破4500亿元人民币（619亿美元）。The Shanghai Foundation Model Innovation Center, established in 2023 as China's first specialized incubator for AI foundation models, has attracted more than 100 enterprises, leading to the clustering of nearly 400 enterprises in the AI sector to Shanghai's Xuhui district.上海基础模型创新中心成立于2023年，是中国首个专注于人工智能基础模型的专业孵化器，目前已吸引百余家企业入驻，带动近400家人工智能企业在上海徐汇区集聚。Addressing a group of young entrepreneurs who were attending a discussion session there, Xi said that AI is a young endeavor and also a pursuit for young people.习近平在与参加座谈会的青年企业家们座谈时表示，人工智能是一项年轻的事业，也是属于年轻人的追求。"We are striving to build China into a great modern socialist country in all respects, and advancing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts. Now is the time for the younger generation to showcase their talents and excel. The hope of realizing the great dream of the Chinese nation rests on you," he said, encouraging the young people to make contributions to Chinese modernization.“我们正在全面建成社会主义现代化强国，全面推进中华民族伟大复兴。现在正是青年一代大显身手、出人头地的时候。实现中华民族伟大梦想的希望就在你们身上。”习近平鼓励青年们为祖国现代化建设贡献力量。Xi also walked into an AI product experience store, where he learned about the features and sales of various innovative products and tried on a pair of smart glasses.习近平还走进人工智能产品体验店，了解各类创新产品的功能和销售情况，并亲自试戴智能眼镜。Noting that China has abundant data resources, a complete industrial system and a huge market and broad prospects for AI development, Xi called for efforts to roll out more supportive policies, cultivate more talented people, and strive to develop more safe, reliable and high-quality products.习近平指出，中国拥有丰富的数据资源、完备的产业体系、巨大的市场空间和广阔的人工智能发展前景。要加强政策支持，培养更多人才，努力开发更多安全、可靠、高质量的产品。Hamza Boukili, a math teacher at the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Paris Elite Institute of Technology, said, "I feel fairly happy and honored to have the opportunity to exchange and share ideas with President Xi.上海交通大学巴黎卓越工程师学院的数学老师哈姆扎·布基利表示：“能有机会与习近平主席交流分享，我感到非常高兴和荣幸。”"He is warm, natural, without any sense of distance, making this communication extremely pleasant and unforgettable," Boukili added.“习近平主席热情自然，没有任何距离感，使这次交流非常愉快，令人难忘。”布基利补充道。Xi mentioned his visit to a technology research institute in the southern French city of Nice in the 1980s, Boukili said.布基利说，习近平主席提到了自己上世纪80年代访问法国南部城市尼斯一家技术研究所的情景。The math teacher also said that Xi told him that for Shanghai, being at the forefront of the world in terms of technological innovation is not only an opportunity, but also a responsibility.这位数学老师还提到，习近平主席告诉他，上海要在全球科技创新中走在前列，不仅是机遇，更是责任。According to Boukili, Xi emphasized that technological development should truly serve society, improve people's livelihood and achieve a safer and fairer future.布基利表示，习近平主席强调，科技发展要真正服务社会、改善民生，实现更加安全、更加公平的未来。Dai Guohao, a professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University's School of Artificial Intelligence, said that President Xi's inspection of AI enterprises in Shanghai and his focus on scenarios of technological applications highlighted the importance of deep integration of academia, industry and research.上海交通大学人工智能学院的教授戴国浩表示，习近平主席此次考察上海人工智能企业，并重点关注技术应用场景，凸显了产学研深度融合的重要性。"As educators, we should concentrate on basic research, attempting to make breakthroughs in frontier challenges," Dai said. "Meanwhile, we should align with national strategic demands to drive the deep empowerment of AI in fields such as healthcare, manufacturing and finance."“作为教育工作者，我们应该专注于基础研究，努力突破前沿挑战，”戴教授说道，“同时，我们应该对接国家战略需求，推动人工智能在医疗、制造、金融等领域的深度赋能。”pacesetter/ˈpeɪsˌsetər/n.引领者，先行者incubator/ˈɪŋkjəˌbeɪtər/n.孵化器rejuvenation/rɪˌdʒuːvəˈneɪʃən/n.复兴；恢复活力empowerment/ɪmˈpaʊərmənt/n.赋能；增强能力

An article by Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, on unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector and unswervingly encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of the nonpublic sector was published on Sunday, sending a clear message again that the country remains committed to bolstering the growth of the private economy.中共中央总书记习近平《关于毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展的重要论述》一文于周日发表，再次发出了国家继续致力于促进民营经济发展的明确信号。The article by Xi, who is also Chinese president and chairman of the Central Military Commission, came nearly one month after he held a special symposium on private enterprises on Feb 17, aiming to boost private businesses. It was published in this year's sixth issue of Qiushi Journal, the flagship magazine of the CPC Central Committee.国家主席、中央军委主席的习近平在2月17日召开民营企业座谈会近一个月后发表了这篇文章，旨在促进民营企业发展。这篇文章发表在中共中央的旗舰杂志《求是》杂志今年第六期上。The article highlighted that China's basic economic system, in which the core principles and policies of the Party and the country regarding the development of the private economy are laid out, has been incorporated into the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and the Party Constitution. The system "will not and cannot be changed", the article said.文章强调，中国的基本经济制度是党和国家关于发展民营经济的核心方针政策，已写入《中华人民共和国宪法》和《中国共产党章程》。文章说，这一制度“不会也不能改变”。The Party and the country ensure that economic entities under all forms of ownership have equal access to factors of production in accordance with the law, can compete on a level playing field, and are protected by the law as equals. This enables them to complement each other and develop side by side, facilitating the healthy development of the nonpublic sector and those working in it, according to the article.党和国家保障各种所有制经济实体依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与竞争、同等受到法律保护。文章称，这使它们能够取长补短、共同发展，促进非公有制经济和非公有制经济人士的健康发展。Both the public and nonpublic sectors are important components of the socialist market economy and an important basis for China's economic and social development, it noted, adding that the two sectors should complement each other and develop in tandem.报告指出，公有制经济和非公有制经济都是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，都是中国经济社会发展的重要基础。China's consistent commitment to the development of the private economy, which has been demonstrated in various forms such as policy announcements and high-level meetings, comes at a time when debates on the relationship between State-owned enterprises and private businesses have gained traction.中国对民营经济发展的一贯承诺，已通过政策发布和高层会晤等各种形式表现出来，而此时，关于国有企业与民营企业之间关系的讨论正日益引人关注。In the 1980s, China's private economy started from scratch, but it experienced rapid growth over the past four decades.20世纪80年代，中国民营经济从零起步，但在过去40年中经历了快速发展。In terms of the role of the private economy, Xi's article said that for a long time, the rapid expansion of China's private sector has played an important role in stabilizing growth, powering innovation, increasing employment and raising people's living standards.关于民营经济的作用，习近平在文章中指出，长期以来，中国民营经济快速发展，在稳定增长、推动创新、增加就业、提高人民生活水平等方面发挥了重要作用。Official statistics show that private businesses contribute approximately 50 percent of the country's tax revenue, 60 percent of GDP and 70 percent of technological innovation, and they account for 80 percent of urban employment.官方统计数据显示，私营企业贡献了全国约50%的税收、60%的GDP和70%的技术创新，并占城市就业的80%。Paul Frimpong, executive director and senior research fellow at the Ghana-based Africa-China Centre for Policy and Advisory, said the Chinese government's effective partnership with the private sector has been central to the country's economic success through enhancing prosperity, employment and livelihoods.总部设在加纳的非中政策与咨询中心执行主任兼高级研究员保罗-弗林蓬（Paul Frimpong）说，中国政府与私营部门建立了有效的伙伴关系，通过促进繁荣、就业和生计，对加纳经济的成功起到了核心作用。"By driving GDP growth, creating jobs and fostering innovation, private enterprises underpin the nation's economic resilience," Frimpong said. "By fostering a dynamic and inclusive private economy, China can sustain high-quality growth, improve living standards and enhance global competitiveness."“通过推动国内生产总值增长、创造就业和促进创新，民营企业支撑着国家经济的韧性，"弗林蓬说。“通过培育充满活力和包容性的民营经济，中国可以保持高质量增长，提高人民生活水平，增强全球竞争力。However, China's private enterprises have faced mounting challenges in the past few years, including financing difficulties and concerns about fair competition and legal protections, which, to some extent, have thwarted the confidence of private businesses.然而，在过去几年中，中国民营企业面临着越来越多的挑战，包括融资困难、对公平竞争和法律保护的担忧等，这在一定程度上挫伤了民营企业的信心。To address these challenges, the Chinese government has introduced several key measures since 2023 to enhance the institutional environment for private enterprises. They include a 31-measure guideline to boost the private sector, the establishment of the private economy development bureau of the National Development and Reform Commission, and legislative progress on a law to promote the private economy.为应对这些挑战，中国政府自2023年以来推出了多项重要措施，以改善民营企业的制度环境。这些措施包括31条促进民营经济发展的指导意见、国家发展和改革委员会民营经济发展局的成立以及民营经济促进法的立法进展。Speaking in February at the symposium, which was attended by the nation's leading private entrepreneurs, Xi emphasized that the current difficulties and challenges facing the private sector are partial and temporary, rather than holistic and long-term, and "they can be overcome".今年2月，习近平在全国知名民营企业家座谈会上强调，当前民营经济面临的困难和挑战是局部的、暂时的，不是整体性、长期性的，“是可以克服的”。He also mentioned that this is an opportune moment for private enterprises and entrepreneurs to showcase their talent and significantly contribute to the country's development.他还提到，现在正是民营企业和民营企业家施展才华、为国家发展作出重要贡献的大好时机。Djoomart Otorbaev, former prime minister of Kyrgyzstan and a professor of the Belt and Road School of Beijing Normal University, said the high-level symposium, the first of its kind hosted since 2018, took place amid the complexities of emerging global economic challenges, including heightened geopolitical tensions and regulatory overreach against some of the country's corporate giants.吉尔吉斯斯坦前总理、北京师范大学“一带一路 ”学院教授德约马特-奥托尔巴耶夫表示，此次高级别研讨会是2018年以来举办的首次此类会议，是在全球经济新挑战错综复杂的背景下召开的，这些挑战包括地缘政治紧张局势加剧以及针对该国一些企业巨头的监管过度。"What is certain is that the symposium communicates a clear message of support for private sector entrepreneurs at the highest level, which will inspire much-needed spirit and optimism for renewed growth in China, particularly in its tech sector," Otorbaev said in an article published on the website of the China Global Television Network.“奥托尔巴耶夫在中国环球电视网网站上发表的一篇文章中说："可以肯定的是，此次座谈会传达了最高层支持民营企业家的明确信息，这将激发中国亟需的精神和乐观情绪，促进中国经济的恢复性增长，尤其是在科技领域。According to the Government Work Report delivered by Premier Li Qiang at the annual session of the National People's Congress, the nation's top legislature, on March 5 in Beijing, China will encourage private investment by implementing new mechanisms for public-private partnerships in a well-regulated manner and guiding more private investment toward major infrastructure and public well-being projects, thus creating more opportunities for the development of private capital.根据国务院总理李强3月5日在北京举行的全国人民代表大会（中国最高立法机构）年度会议上所做的《政府工作报告》，中国将鼓励民间投资，规范实施公私合营新机制，引导更多民间投资投向重大基础设施和民生工程，为民间资本发展创造更多机会。Observers said the Chinese government's engagement with private entrepreneurs, as well as ongoing policy refinements, reflect a pragmatic approach aimed at fostering an environment where State-owned and private businesses can thrive together.观察家们认为，中国政府与民营企业家的接触以及不断完善的政策，反映了一种务实的态度，旨在营造一个国有企业和民营企业共同发展的环境。Rather than retreating, the private sector is being empowered to take on new opportunities in sectors such as advanced manufacturing, the digital economy and international trade, they said.他们说，私营企业非但没有退缩，反而在先进制造业、数字经济和国际贸易等领域获得了新的机遇。Huang Hanquan, director of the National Development and Reform Commission's Academy of Macroeconomic Research, emphasized the importance of faithfully implementing the measures to boost the private economy.国家发展和改革委员会宏观经济研究院院长黄汉权强调了认真落实促进民营经济发展措施的重要性。"Many supportive policies have been in place," Huang said in an interview with China Media Group. "The key, however, is to ensure their implementation. It is essential to enable private enterprises to truly feel tangible benefits, to genuinely experience the value and specific advantages of national policies."“许多支持性政策已经出台，”他在接受中国传媒集团采访时说。“但关键是要确保落实。要让民营企业真正感受到实实在在的好处，真正体会到国家政策的价值和具体优势。”reiteratevt.反复地说,重申n.反复地说,重申sectorn. 部门；部分；防御地段；防区；扇形，扇区；象限仪；函数尺holisticadj.全部的infrastructuren.基础设施;基础结构

Global attention will turn to Beijing next week with the start of the two sessions, China's biggest annual political event, through which the people's voices will be heard by policymakers, while the country's development priorities will be discussed.With the people's well-being in mind, President Xi Jinping, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, has since 2013 leveraged the two sessions to hold discussions with grassroots-level lawmakers and political advisers from across the country, listening to their suggestions on the country's development.Two sessions refer to the annual gatherings in Beijing of the deputies to the National People's Congress, the nation's top legislature, and the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the nation's top political advisory body.As an embodiment of whole-process people's democracy, the two sessions have become a strong bond linking the Chinese leader and people at the grassroots level.At discussions during the two sessions about the country's development priorities, Xi has touched upon a variety of topics, including efforts to promote high-quality growth, foster new quality productive forces, enhance innovation in science and technology, and strengthen ecological conservation.He has always highlighted the need to make every effort to enable China's 1.4 billion people to lead a better life on the path to Chinese modernization.When he took part in deliberations with NPC deputies from the delegation of Jiangsu province last year, Xi emphasized the need to adhere to the people-centered development philosophy. "We must steadily enhance the level of livelihood security through development, and guide and motivate our people to create a happy life with their own hands," he said.People-centered development has been at the core of Xi's governance philosophy. When he has conducted inspections nationwide, he has always visited rural areas and urban communities to see how people are faring in their lives.Last year, he spent a total of more than 30 days on inspection tours, visiting 12 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions as well as the Macao Special Administrative Region. He visited farmers' homes, orchards and farm fields, as well as urban communities, seaports and high-tech industrial parks."As far as Chinese modernization is concerned, the people's well-being is prioritized," Xi told local residents when visiting a rural community during his inspection tour of Chongqing in April. "All the work of the Party and the government is aimed at ensuring a happier life for the ordinary people," he added.On Jan 22, ahead of Chinese New Year, Xi braved the cold to visit people who had been affected by floods in the village of Zhujiagou in Huludao, Liaoning province. He visited villagers who had moved into their new houses and inquired about the quality of the reconstructed homes and whether their daily necessities were adequate.Wang Lili, Party chief of the village, said that what Xi cares about most is whether the villagers affected by the floods live a good life."President Xi's care brings warmth and happiness to our hearts," she said.According to the Ministry of Finance, 70 percent of government expenditures in 2024 went toward ensuring the people's well-being.In his 2025 New Year message, Xi said: "Of all the jobs in front of us, the most important is to ensure a happy life for our people. ... We should work together to steadily improve social undertakings and governance, build a harmonious and inclusive atmosphere, and settle real issues, big or small, for our people. We must bring more smiles to our people and greater warmth to their hearts."Regarding the Chinese president's visit in 2018 to Liangjiahe, a village in Shaanxi province, where Xi had stayed for seven years as an "educated youth" in his teens, Faustin-Archange Touadera, president of the Central African Republic, said that he was impressed by Xi's strong connections with the people."Xi is deeply rooted in the people, always standing with the people and serving the people," Touadera said in an interview with China Global Television Network.Under Xi's leadership, the Party has made it a major task of Chinese modernization to ensure and improve people's livelihood through development.The third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, which was held in July, adopted a resolution on further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese modernization, with a focus on enhancing people's quality of life, improving the income distribution system, promoting an employment-first policy, strengthening the social security system and deepening reform of the healthcare system.Guo Jianning, a professor at Tsinghua University's School of Marxism, said that putting people first underpins the governance philosophy and core values of the Party.Ensuring that the people lead better lives serves as both the starting point and the ultimate goal of the Party to further deepen reform on all fronts, Guo said in an article published by China Education News.While striving to improve the well-being of its own people, China, led by Xi, has also been committed to promoting the world's common development to ensure a better life for people in all countries."On the path toward modernization, no one and no country should be left behind," Xi said at the 2024 Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in September, calling on China and Africa to join hands to boost the modernization of the Global South to contribute to peace, security, prosperity and progress around the world.

President Xi Jinping has reiterated China's commitment to boosting the private sector through concrete efforts to implement supportive policies and measures.Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, made the remarks on Monday in Beijing at a symposium on private enterprises. The gathering of high-profile participants came years after the previous such symposium was presided over by Xi in 2018.Among the attendees were Huawei's Ren Zhengfei, BYD's Wang Chuanfu, New Hope's Liu Yonghao, Will Semiconductor's Yu Renrong, Unitree Robotics' Wang Xingxing and Xiaomi's Lei Jun. The six business leaders put forward their opinions and advice on the development of the private sector.Speaking to a roomful of senior officials and private entrepreneurs, Xi said the government's basic principles and policies concerning the development of the private economy have been incorporated into the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and will consistently be upheld and fulfilled."They cannot and will not be changed," he said, noting that obstacles should be removed in order to facilitate private enterprises' equal access to factors of production and market opportunities in accordance with the law.Xi said that as the world's second-largest economy further reforms and opens up, the enormous market with a population of over 1.4 billion will bring new opportunities for the greater development of private enterprises."On the new journey in the new era, the prospects for the development of the private economy are broad and promising. It is a prime time for private enterprises and entrepreneurs to give full play to their capabilities," he said.As of the end of September last year, China had over 55 million registered private companies, accounting for 92.3 percent of all businesses. They contribute more than half of the country's tax revenue, over 60 percent of GDP and over 80 percent of urban employment.Regarding the difficulties and challenges currently facing the private sector's development, Xi said that these have generally emerged during the process of reform and development and industrial transformation."They are partial rather than general, temporary rather than long-term, and surmountable rather than unsolvable," Xi said, stressing the need to stay focused on growth, maintain confidence in development and face up to the challenges with optimism.Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC in 2012, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have rolled out a series of policies and measures to spur the growth of the private sector.China is also moving closer to its first basic legislation specifically focused on the development of the private sector, as the draft law was submitted to the Standing Committee of the 14th National People's Congress for deliberation in December.During the symposium, Xi also called for continuous efforts to see that the competitive areas of infrastructure are open to market entities in a fair manner, to resolve the difficulties private enterprises face in accessing affordable financing, and to resolve overdue payments to private enterprises.The government will earnestly protect the legitimate rights and interests of private businesses and entrepreneurs in accordance with the law, Xi said.But he noted that China is a socialist country ruled by law, and no type of illegal activities by enterprises, despite their form of ownership, can avoid investigation and punishment.Xi also stressed the role of private enterprises in advancing China's broader goals in terms of technological innovation, promoting rural vitalization and improving people's well-being. He urged entrepreneurs to focus on high-quality development, invest in their main businesses, strengthen their capacities for innovation, and increase their core competitiveness.It is hoped that the vast number of private enterprises and entrepreneurs will take the lead in promoting common prosperity, thus making new and greater contributions to advancing Chinese modernization, he said.reiterate /riˈɪtəˌreɪt/(v.)—— 重申commitment /kəˈmɪtmənt/(n.)—— 承诺，坚定支持boost /buːst/(v.)—— 促进，推动implement /ˈɪmplɪˌmɛnt/(v.)—— 贯彻，实施supportive /səˈpɔːrtɪv/(adj.)—— 支持的，鼓励的

China held a massive meeting in Zunyi, Guizhou province, on Wednesday to mark the 90th anniversary of the Zunyi Conference, a crucial turning point during the Long March (1934-36) that marked the maturity of the Communist Party of China.1月15日，纪念遵义会议90周年大会在中国贵州省遵义市隆重举行。遵义会议是长征（1934-1936年）期间的一个重要转折点，标志着中国共产党的成熟。Li Shulei, a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and head of the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee, attended the conference and addressed nearly 1,000 participants from central departments, Guizhou authorities and the People's Liberation Army.中共中央政治局委员、中宣部部长李书磊出席会议并讲话。中央有关部门、贵州省、中国人民解放军有关同志共约1000人参加。Attendees noted that the Zunyi Conference was a historic moment in the Party's history. They called for careful study and implementation of General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping's remarks on summarizing and using the historical experience of the Zunyi Conference, so that people can gather wisdom and strength from the Party's history to help them on their own "Long March" in the new era.会议指出，遵义会议是共产党历史上的一个历史性时刻，要认真学习并贯彻中共中央总书记习近平关于总结运用遵义会议历史经验的重要论述，从党的历史中汲取智慧力量，奋力走好新时代的长征路。Participants also called on the Chinese people to stick to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, enhance confidence and determination in pursuing Chinese modernization and national rejuvenation, uphold the revolutionary tradition of bravely struggling, and pool strength to overcome difficulties and keep fighting.会议强调，中国人民要坚持习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，坚定推进中国式现代化、实现民族复兴的信心决心，发扬敢于斗争的革命传统，凝聚攻坚克难、勇毅前行的强大力量。In January 1935, an enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee was held in Zunyi to resolve the most critical military and organizational issues of the time. The participants reviewed the causes behind the Kuomintang's defeat in its fifth encirclement campaign and discussed the next steps to be taken by the Party and the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, the PLA's predecessor.1935年1月，中共中央在遵义召开政治局扩大会议，以解决当时具有决定意义的军事和组织问题。会议分析了反对国民党第五次“围剿”失败的原因，并讨论了党和中国工农红军（中国人民解放军的前身）的下一步行动。The meeting also restructured the Party's top leadership, recognized Mao Zedong's key role in the Party and pointed the Chinese revolution in the right direction.会议还对党的最高领导层进行了重组，确认了毛泽东同志在党中央的领导地位，为中国革命指明了正确方向。predecessorn.前辈；前身

Upholding the spirit of reform and deepening the Communist Party of China's self-reform are keys to the Party's leading all walks of life in advancing Chinese modernization and achieving national rejuvenation in the new era, experts said.They emphasized that while facing difficulties and challenges on the path to modernization and rejuvenation, it is even more crucial for the Party to firmly uphold the spirit of reform and continuously intensify self-reform, as the Party's self-improvement is a political guarantee for social development.They made the comments after the 20th CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection concluded its fourth plenary session in Beijing last week.Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, delivered an important speech at the session, stressing the significance of rigorous Party governance with the spirit of reform and reiterating that the battle against corruption is an unceasing endeavor.Xi, who is also Chinese president and chairman of the Central Military Commission, noted that it is imperative to make greater progress in governing the Party to ensure that the Party will continue to be the strong leadership core in building socialism with Chinese characteristics and to guarantee the steady advancement of Chinese modernization on the new journey in the new era.Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, Xi has highlighted on multiple occasions the implementation and improvement of rigorous governance of the Party, and unprecedented anti-corruption efforts have been made across the country.In January 2023, when the 20th CCDI, the country's top anti-corruption watchdog, opened its second plenary session, Xi stressed the need for ceaseless efforts to promote full and rigorous Party self-governance.In October last year, when conducting an inspection tour in Anhui province, Xi emphasized the need to uphold Party leadership, clarifying that it is necessary to consistently strengthen Party building.According to the latest data released by the CCDI, a total of 73 officials at minister level or above were placed under disciplinary and supervisory investigation last year, with cases also filed against 104,000 current or former village committee heads or at the grassroots level. A year ago, at the third plenary session of the 20th CCDI, Xi pointed out that leading the great social revolution is the fundamental purpose of advancing the Party's self-reform, which he said should be promoted so that its governance will better serve its main tasks.Zhuang Deshui, deputy head of Peking University's Research Center of Public Policy, said, "The current task of the Party is to advance Chinese modernization and national rejuvenation, which is also our country's ongoing social revolution."Whether the task can be accomplished and whether the social revolution can succeed depend on the Party," Zhuang said. "Specifically, it's up to the Party to arrange the work of various industries, gather the force of all sectors and solve problems in different fields on the way to modernization."Therefore, the Party must optimize its own governance through self-reform, with sustained efforts to eradicate the soil for corruption. Only in this way can the Party be the 'backbone' of the people in the social revolution."Zhuang praised the spirit of reform that was highlighted by Xi last week, saying that it is consistent with the self-reform that Xi has repeatedly emphasized in recent years.In Zhuang's view, the spirit of self-reform will be more conducive to the Party solving difficulties and challenges at home and abroad in the new era."The more difficulties the country encounters, the more it must unswervingly exercise full and rigorous Party governance, because the Party's self-improvement is a political guarantee for the realization of social revolution," Zhuang added.Yang Weidong, a law professor at China University of Political Science and Law, said that the spirit of reform will be more helpful to the self-improvement of the Party and thus enable it to lead the people in overcoming difficulties in various areas.More rigorous governanceThe two experts also noted that the increasingly rigorous governance of the Party has played a bigger role in ensuring that Party members and officials do not dare to, are unable to, and have no desire to indulge in corruption."For example, the disciplinary supervision of Party members and officials was previously limited to their working hours, but now it has been extended to include outside working hours and their families," Zhuang said.A documentary recently aired in China showed that Tang Yijun, former governor of Liaoning province and minister of justice, used companies controlled by his wife, Xuan Minjie, as a cover-up for his corrupt activities to present them as market operations.Based on clues and thanks to big data, the investigators uncovered shadow companies, suspected proxies and bribe givers linked to Xuan, who had extensive experience in finance and economics and ventured into business in 2005, after holding a senior position at a State-owned enterprise.In October, the Supreme People's Procuratorate approved the arrest of Tang on suspicion of accepting bribes. He was expelled from the Party and dismissed from public office earlier.Zhuang said that such extensive investigation is necessary to regulate the behavior of Party members, noting that the Party's self-governance has also been improved by disciplinary education, amendments to the disciplines and campaigns against misconduct closely related to people's well-being.According to data released by the CCDI, 768,000 cases of misconduct and corruption that directly affected people's daily lives, including school meals and medical insurance, have been handled since 2022, with 628,000 individuals disciplined."All the efforts mean that the standards or requirements for Party members and officials have been increased, and are higher and more rigorous," Zhuang said.Yang, the law professor, said that self-improvement as well as self-reform will make the CPC more confident and capable in solving problems on the journey of Chinese modernization and in promoting the people's sense of fulfillment, happiness and security in the new era.reiteratev.反复地说；重申conduciveadj.有利的，有益的

When recalling the visit made by President Xi Jinping to the Premier School Affiliated to Hou Kong Middle School in Macao, Chao Lin-chai said she didn't realize that it had already been five years.Chao was then giving an open class in history to first graders at the school auditorium, ahead of the 20th anniversary of Macao's return to the motherland.The topic was to explore the reasons behind the strong vitality of the "one country, two systems "principle, an institutional arrangement for ensuring sustained prosperity and stability in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions after their return to the motherland."I remember President Xi walked up to the students and said that history is the best subject, because by knowing our history, we can understand where we started from, what path we have taken, where we are now, where we are headed for and what the future holds," Chao said.Xi also praised the students for being quick-witted, and expressed his confidence that the young people of Macao will mature into "a capable generation of which we are proud of" and serve as the backbone of both Macao and the country, Chao said.Starting on Wednesday, Xi will be in Macao again to attend a gathering marking the 25th anniversary of Macao's return to the motherland. He will also conduct an inspection tour during his three-day stay."We are all very happy about President Xi's visit, which reflects his care and support for Macao. We also look forward to more opportunities for cooperation with the mainland that this trip might bring," Chao said, adding that local residents believe that Macao will continue to develop further and their quality of life will continue to improve.This is the seventh time in 25 years that Xi will set foot on Macao, which has a total area of 33.3 square kilometers.On June 10, 2000, less than half a year after the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region, Xi, then governor of East China's Fujian province, visited Macao to hold discussions on further strengthening the economic and trade cooperation between the province and the SAR.A year later, on Oct 23, Xi led a delegation to visit Macao and reached broad consensus with Ho Hau-wah, then chief executive of the SAR, on in-depth cooperation between Fujian and Macao.On Jan 19, 2005, Xi, then secretary of the Communist Party of China Zhejiang provincial committee, led a delegation to visit Macao for an event on economic and trade cooperation.Amid the global financial crisis in 2009, Xi, who was then Chinese vice-president, made a visit to Macao with the purpose of inspiring local people and helping them tide over the situation. During that trip, he announced that the central government had decided to commence the official development of Hengqin Island, Guangdong province, located less than 200 meters from Macao at its closest point.In 2014 and 2019, Xi attended gatherings marking the anniversaries of Macao's return to the motherland as Chinese president.Five years ago, in his speech marking the 20th anniversary of Macao's return to the motherland and the inauguration of the fifth-term government of the Macao SAR, Xi said that over the past two decades, the SAR government and the region's people had worked closely to usher in Macao's best period of development in history.Noting that the world is undergoing changes unseen in a century and Macao is facing new internal and external dynamics, Xi urged the SAR government and all sections of society to "build on what Macao has accomplished and take all undertakings in the SAR to the next level".New accomplishmentIn the past five years, the SAR government has received strong support from the central government to overcome challenges, including the COVID-19 pandemic, and launched a series of innovative measures to promote economic development, social stability and cultural inheritance, achieving remarkable results.Last year, as the robust resurgence in tourism propelled Macao's economy to grow 80.5 percent year-on-year, the SAR was ranked fifth-wealthiest among regions globally, according to a report published by Global Finance magazine in May.In the first three quarters of this year, Macao's GDP increased 11.5 percent year-on-year to reach 301 billion patacas ($38 billion), data from the Statistics and Census Service showed.Macao was primarily relying on its casino industry to drive economic growth. However, the SAR government is now making dedicated and determined efforts to diversify Macao's industrial structure to reduce its dependence on the gaming sector.Xu Chang, a professor with the "One Country Two Systems "Research Centre at Macao Polytechnic University, said that Macao has revised its gaming law and regulations to strengthen supervision of casino operations and tackle gambling-related crimes in recent years."Such efforts are of great significance for guiding this traditional lifeline industry toward legal, orderly and healthy development," he said.Last year, the SAR government released a development plan for Macao's economic diversification from 2024 through 2028. It is the first such plan drafted for Macao.The document outlines the"1+4"appropriate diversification development strategy that aims to enhance Macao's function as "One Centre "for integrated tourism and leisure, while facilitating the development of "four emerging industries", namely the traditional Chinese medicine and the health sector, modern financial services, high-tech industries, and cultural, sports and convention services.According to Xu, a series of public service facilities to improve people's well-being, such as government housing units for the elderly and low-income residents, in addition to convenient traveling options between Macao and Zhuhai, Guangdong, via new ports and a light railway link, have substantially enhanced the quality of life for Macao residents."All these will help carry forward the fine tradition of loving the motherland and loving Macao, and speed up the SAR's integration into the modernization process of the motherland, thereby ensuring the steady implementation of the 'one country, two systems' principle," Xu said.When meeting with Sam Hou-fai, Macao's incoming chief executive, in Beijing last month, President Xi said the central authorities will stay committed to fully and faithfully implementing the "one country, two systems" principle and ensure there is no deviation or distortion in its implementation.The principle has proved to be the best answer to the question of Macao left by history and the best institutional guarantee for the long-term prosperity and stability of Macao after its return to the motherland.Wang Yu, a professor with the Faculty of Law at the University of Macau, said it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the principle as an unprecedented pioneering cause."That's why President Xi has once and again emphasized that it must be applied without deviation or distortion to ensure Macao's steady and long-term progress," Wang said.Xu, from Macao Polytechnic University, said the fact that fellow compatriots in Macao can truly feel the care and concern of the motherland serves as the fundamental foundation for implementing the "one country, two systems "principle without deviation or distortion.Guarantee of progressIn recent years, the central government has launched a series of policies and measures that benefit Macao and its people, continuously injecting new impetus into the SAR's long-term prosperity and stability and fully demonstrating the central government's care and love for Macao.In 2021, the central authorities decided to build the Guangdong-Macao in-depth cooperation zone in Hengqin, making the island an important new growth point for Macao's economy.As the nation moves to advance Chinese modernization, it was outlined in the resolution adopted at the third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee in July that efforts need to be made to improve relevant mechanisms to see Hong Kong and Macao playing greater roles in China's opening-up to the outside world.During their meeting in Beijing, Xi told Sam that this expression has pointed out the direction for Macao to integrate into Chinese modernization and achieve better development, creating a new historical opportunity for the SAR's development.Xu, from the polytechnic university, said that Macao should leverage its advantages in terms of location to advance China's reform and opening-up.The region should also use its traditional relations with Portuguese-speaking countries, convenient customs clearance in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the unique policy advantages of "one country, two systems" to make pioneering contributions to exploring the successful path toward Chinese modernization, he added.

President Xi Jinping called on Monday for constant efforts to achieve new accomplishments that will stand the test of history and time and fulfill the expectations of the people, amid China's drive to build a strong country and advance national rejuvenation.Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, made the remarks while addressing a meeting held at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing to mark the 100th anniversary of the birth of late top legislator Qiao Shi.Xi praised Qiao's outstanding contributions to the Party and the country, and called for learning from his revolutionary spirit and noble character.Qiao was a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He served as head of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 1987 to 1992, promoting the building of a clean Party and improving anti-corruption laws and rules.Widely known as a champion of rule of law, Qiao served as chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislature, from 1993 to 1998. He supervised revisions to the Constitution, which saw the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics written into the Constitution as a guiding principle. He also oversaw legislative work on a series of economic laws so that the legal framework of the socialist market economy could take shape.In his speech on Monday, Xi said that generations of outstanding communists have emerged in the great process of China's revolution, construction and reform, and he stressed that Qiao was one of them.Xi said that commemorating Qiao is for the purpose of learning from him in maintaining a noble character of upholding firm beliefs and ideals, promoting better Party conduct with strict Party discipline, serving the people with the original aspiration in mind, and carrying out bold reforms with great political courage.He also emphasized the need to learn from Qiao's unwavering pursuit of respecting and enforcing the rule of law and his practical and realistic work style.While highlighting the need to firm up the communist ideal, Xi urged upholding the overall leadership of the Party as well as the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee.It is important to steadfastly exercise full and rigorous governance over the Party, vigorously improve conduct and combat corruption in strengthening the Party, in order to maintain the Party's advanced nature and integrity, he said.Xi also underscored the necessity to always adhere to the fundamental purpose of wholeheartedly serving the people, uphold people-centered development, effectively safeguard the fundamental interests of the people and ensure that the achievements of modernization benefit all the people more fairly.He called for further deepening comprehensive reform and advancing high-level opening-up, and emphasized the need to build a modern socialist country on the track of rule of law.It is crucial to resolutely oppose formalism and bureaucratism, focus on promoting development and take solid steps to advance Chinese modernization, Xi added.

China is planning a fresh set of policies to propel growth in the equipment manufacturing sector, focusing on nurturing new growth engines such as new energy vehicles and low-altitude aircraft, amid the country's concerted efforts to promote industrial upgrading and enhance global supply chain resilience, said officials and experts.The move mirrors the directive to nurture technological innovation to boost the development of new quality productive forces and the establishment of a modern industrial system, which was mapped out at a meeting of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee on Monday.The meeting, which was presided over by Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, anchored China's key focal points for next year's economic development, as the nation is in a pivotal process of changing its development paradigm from quantity-driven to quality-driven.The vision is backed by China's ever-stronger equipment manufacturing capability, as reflected in the fact that annual production of new energy vehicles passed the milestone of 10 million units on Nov 14, according to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, making China the only nation to realize such an achievement.It took only six years for this figure to grow from 1 million to 10 million, showcasing the nation's unwavering commitment to innovation-driven development."Innovation stands as a pivotal force propelling the high-quality advancement of the manufacturing sector, and companies are increasingly assuming central roles in driving innovation," said Li Jinghong, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a professor at Tsinghua University.To date, China has built nearly 10,000 digital workshops and smart factories, of which over 400 have developed into national-level intelligent manufacturing demonstration factories. Artificial intelligence, digital twins and other cutting-edge technologies have been applied in more than 90 percent of these demonstration factories, according to a report released at the 2024 World Internet Conference.In the first 10 months of this year, total output of high-tech manufacturing businesses grew 9.1 percent year-on-year, surpassing the average growth rate of businesses from all industries by 3.3 percentage points, according to the National Bureau of Statistics.Businesses are also stepping up efforts to promote green transformation. NBS data showed that the proportion of nonfossil energy consumption increased 2.6 percentage points in the first three quarters, compared with the same period last year, while coal consumption decreased 1.9 percentage points and petroleum use fell 0.9 percentage point."Despite China's rapid advancement in the manufacturing sector, challenges persist, notably in balancing innovation investments with operational demands," said Li, the CAS academician. "The substantial investments required for technological innovation exert significant operational pressures on companies, posing dilemmas between long-term innovation and short-term financial sustainability."Xin Guobin, vice-minister of industry and information technology, said at a recent conference that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology's upcoming policies to further boost manufacturing are expected to strengthen the implementation of large-scale equipment upgrades and trade-in programs for consumer goods to stimulate consumption of major commodities like automobiles.Xin said that policies are also underway to proactively foster new growth drivers such as intelligent connected NEVs, low-altitude aircraft and service robots, as well as major technological projects such as machine tools and smart manufacturing systems."It is crucial to unlock the innovation capabilities of companies and make full use of the leading role of industry front-runners in research investment and the fostering of practical technologies. Further efforts are also expected to enhance the collaboration among businesses, academia and research institutes," Li said.Shan Zenghai, chief engineer and vice-president of the listed arm of construction equipment maker Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group, said that promoting the renewal of construction machinery equipment can foster new growth points for related businesses such as electronic components and software development, and further propel the high-quality development of the manufacturing sector.It is expected that policy support for the renewal of construction machinery equipment will be accelerated, while the transformation from traditional fuel-powered construction machinery to equipment powered by new energy sources will be encouraged, the market environment will be continuously optimized, and the coordinated development of the industrial chain will be promoted, he said.Zhang Xiaolun, chairman of China National Machinery Industry Corp, underscored the importance of machine tools as the foundation of the manufacturing sector. Despite China's dominance in global production and consumption of machine tools, a gap exists in high-end manufacturing in this specific sector, compared with international rivals. Efforts are required to foster a robust industrial ecosystem and propel technological progress, Zhang said.

Top policymakers pledged on Monday that China would adopt an even more proactive fiscal policy and a moderately loose monetary policy in 2025, as part of broader moves to boost the recovery of the world's second-largest economy and strengthen the living standards of the people.The pledge came as the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, the Party's core leadership, met to map out economic priorities and plan anticorruption efforts for next year.Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting.Analysts noted that China's policymakers have signaled a greater resolve to stabilize growth, in order to embrace uncertainties next year with enhanced policy measures.The meeting vowed to roll out more proactive and effective macro policies to boost domestic demand and spur sci-tech innovation, highlighting the need to ensure the stability of stock markets and the real estate sector.The prevention and defusing of risks in key sectors and external shocks were also stressed by policymakers, aiming to stabilize expectations and stimulate the vigor of the economy.They also pledged to enrich and improve the policy toolkit, strengthen "unconventional countercyclical adjustments", intensify the coordination of various policies, and make macro regulation more forward-looking, targeted and effective.Zhang Jun, chief economist of China Galaxy Securities, said the nation's embracing of a "moderately loose monetary policy", a major shift in stance since 2011, could entail greater strides in rate cuts and reductions in the reserve requirement ratio by the People's Bank of China next year.Meanwhile, an even more proactive fiscal policy could point to a greater emphasis on consumer spending and the real estate sector, Zhang said.The meeting reaffirmed the importance of lifting consumption and improving investment efficiency, saying that domestic demand should be expanded across the board.The role of sci-tech innovation must be better harnessed to lead the development of new quality productive forces and develop a modern industrial system, the policymakers said.They also called for the leveraging of reforms in the economic systems and implementation of landmark reform measures.China's economy has shown growing signs of recovery in recent months after the central government rolled out wide-ranging stimulus measures since late September.The official purchasing managers index for the manufacturing sector rose from 50.1 in October to 50.3 in November, remaining above the 50 mark that separates expansion from contraction for the second consecutive month and hitting a seven-month high.Meanwhile, the Monday meeting also signaled that Beijing will continue to expand high-level opening-up and try to stabilize foreign trade and the inflow of foreign investment.The policymakers also stressed the need to carry out stronger regional strategies to unleash regional development potential, while pledging to take coordinated actions in cutting carbon emissions, reducing pollution and expanding green initiatives.They required steps to scale up measures in guaranteeing and improving public well-being to bolster the stronger senses of gain, happiness and security for the people.Monday's meeting was held three days after the CPC Central Committee held a symposium to solicit advice from non-CPC personages on the economic performance and economic priorities for next year.While presiding over the meeting on Friday, Xi said it is of paramount importance to firm up confidence, adding that the Chinese economy remains on a firm footing, underpinned by abundant advantages, strong resilience and vast potential.The fundamental drivers and long-term positive trajectory of the economy remain unchanged, he explained.He stressed that achieving next year's economic goals would require the concerted efforts and hard work of the entire Party and society.Anti-graft driveThe fourth plenary session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China will be held from Jan 6 to 8 next year, according to a decision made at a key Party meeting on Monday.The meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee signaled that the Party will continue with its unrelenting momentum in fighting corruption and advance the anti-corruption campaign with greater depth and intensity next year.The top anti-graft body is set to include the implementation of major reform initiatives in the scope of inspections to ensure reforms progress smoothly under rigorous scrutiny, said a statement issued after the meeting.The anti-graft campaign will continue to tackle corruption and misconduct at the grassroots level, ensuring that the benefits of reform and development are distributed more equitably among the people, the policymakers said.

President Xi Jinping, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, is greeted by military representatives on Wednesday during an inspection of the Information Support Force of the People's Liberation Army.President Xi Jinping has called for efforts to build a strong and modernized information support force and to realize leapfrog development of the Chinese military's network information system.Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, made the remarks on Wednesday when making his first inspection of the newest branch in the Chinese military.Known as the Information Support Force of the People's Liberation Army, the newly established unit, which reports directly to the Central Military Commission, was inaugurated in April by Xi, who described it as a vital power in modern warfare.The establishment of the new force is a major decision made by the CPC Central Committee and the CMC that aims to build a strong PLA, and a strategic step to establish a new structure of services and improve the military system with Chinese characteristics.Speaking to the force's officers and soldiers on Wednesday, Xi said the network information system in modern warfare now plays an unprecedentedly prominent role, as a new round of rapid development in technological and military revolutions is taking place with forms of warfare evolving at an accelerated pace.Noting that the PLA Information Support Force is first and foremost a combat force, Xi stressed that the unit must speed up the construction of the network information system, which is extremely important for building a strong military, and urged the unit to build up its capabilities to provide service support for enhancing combat preparedness.Xi said the new force should focus on its capabilities to fight and win, improve its methods of providing information service, steadily advance the building of a public service platform for network information, and make good use of various data and information in an integrated way.He also required the unit to pay high attention to network information security and take the lead in innovating the mode of command and transforming combat methods.As the Information Support Force is newly established, Xi stressed the need for it to reinforce its foundation of development and remain committed to the Party's absolute leadership over the people's armed forces.It is necessary to strictly enforce discipline and combat corruption to ensure that the military remains absolutely loyal, absolutely pure and absolutely reliable, he said.

Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, underlined the importance of turning China into a cultural powerhouse by 2035, as he presided over a group study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on Monday.This strategic goal serves as the bedrock of building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects and advancing national rejuvenation, he said, calling upon the entire Party and society to actively pool strength for achieving this shared mission.China has made it a priority in national governance, since the 18th National Congress of the CPC in 2012, to advance cultural progress.In the resolution adopted at the third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC in July, "developing a strong socialist culture in China" was outlined as one of the objectives to further deepen reform, reflecting its important role in advancing Chinese modernization.Speaking at the group study session on Monday, Xi called for efforts to ignite the cultural creativity of the entire nation, which is a central task of deepening reform in the cultural sector.Writers, artists and scholars should be supported in immersing themselves in real life and dedicating themselves to their craft, in order to drive continuous bursts of cultural innovation and creativity, he said.Xi emphasized seeking an effective mechanism to integrate culture with technology to enable cultural progress through digital empowerment, thus turning cultural resource advantages into strengths for cultural development.Noting that cultural progress is aimed at meeting the people's diversified intellectual and cultural needs, Xi said the country's capabilities to provide cultural services and products must be improved to enhance people's sense of fulfillment and happiness.He called for efforts to refine the country's mechanisms for selecting, training and utilizing talented people in the field of culture, as well as for the formulation of policies that can better identify, value and respect talented people.Xi also highlighted the significance of the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional Chinese culture, saying that the treasures of Chinese civilization that have endured through history must be carefully preserved and carried forward.The systematic protection and unified regulation of cultural heritage should be conducted with respect for history and a deep love of culture, and by upholding principles such as prioritizing preservation and minimum intervention, he said.Xi also said efforts are needed to enhance China's cultural soft power and the appeal of Chinese culture, and to promote Chinese culture and carry out various forms of cultural exchange and cooperation with other countries.

Not content to leave it with the PBOC's Oprah-fest of rate cutting, China's central authorities announced what's being called a massive stimulus push. The response has been near-euphoria in Chinese and other stocks, but the opposite in more crucial markets and places. All the more curious given how much other "stimulus" is being offered around the world, central bank rate cuts that are accelerating. Eurodollar University's Money & Macro AnalysisThe Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to analyze and study the current economic situation and economic work.https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202409/content_6976686.htmReuters Exclusive: China to issue $284 billion of sovereign debt this year to help revive economyhttps://www.reuters.com/markets/asia/china-issue-284-bln-sovereign-debt-this-year-help-revive-economy-sources-say-2024-09-26/https://www.eurodollar.universityTwitter: https://twitter.com/JeffSnider_EDU

The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee has pledged more support for the property market, businesses and job seekers(01:06). The United Nations chief has called on the Security Council to broker peace(13:30). And China's eastern city of Hangzhou and the Western Greece region take their ties further with an MoU at the Global Mayors' Dialogue(20:17).

After decades of urbanization that have brought remarkable progress, propelling China to become the world's second-largest economy, the government is ramping up efforts to achieve more balanced, coordinated development to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas amid the nation's modernization drive.On the eve of the seventh Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival, which fell on Sunday, Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee,reiterated the nation's commitment to building a more prosperous countryside.He also extended festive greetings and sincere regards on behalf of the CPC Central Committee to farmers and comrades working on agricultural and rural fronts across the country.Xi, who is also Chinese president and chairman of the Central Military Commission, called on Party committees and governments at various levels to make every effort to enhance the economic benefits of agriculture, increase farmers' incomes and inject greater vitality into the countryside, in order to bring tangible benefits to farmers.Furthermore, he said it is imperative to persistently consolidate the foundation of agriculture and promote comprehensive rural vitalization to advance Chinese modernization, and he urged farmers and people from other sectors to take actions to transform the blueprint for rural vitalization into reality.Meanwhile, despite the recent increase in rural income resulting from extensive poverty alleviation efforts, rural residents continue to lag economically.According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 21,691 yuan ($3,076) last year, approximately half the national average.Wu Haitao, a researcher of poverty issues at Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, said, "The urban-rural disparity is also reflected in the access to various social welfare benefits."Urban areas outperform rural regions in almost every aspect, including infrastructure, public services and social security provisions, such as elderly care and the pension fund system.In August, authorities set a goal to increase the proportion of urban residents to 70 percent of China's population within the next five years, and to reform the two-track urban-rural household registration system as part of the country's "people-centered" urbanization initiative.Without local household registration documents, known as hukou, tens of millions of rural migrants often face limited access to public services in the cities where they work.The commitment to advance new urbanization was emphasized at the third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, held in Beijing from July 15 to 18.Traditionally pivotal in the decision-making of the CPC leadership, the third plenary sessions are considered to be "steering wheels" in China's economic reforms and serve as a crucial platform for adjusting top-level decisions and building consensus.The communique from the recent third plenary session described the integration of urban and rural areas as essential to the country's modernization goals.Jiang Quanbao, a professor of demography at Xi'an Jiaotong University, said the integration was proposed to narrow the gap in the living standards between urban and rural areas while preserving the unique characteristics of rural regions during the merging process."This aims to enable residents in both areas to gradually lead a different but equal life," he said.The communique emphasized the importance of aligning "new industrialization, new urbanization, and comprehensive rural vitalization", and it called for the enhancement of urban-rural planning, construction and governance integration.It also stressed the necessity of equal resource exchanges and two-way flows between urban and rural areas to reduce disparities, foster common prosperity and promote development.Jiang noted that barriers remain to establishing a unified national market, such as the enduring spatial isolation between urban and rural areas, which obstructs the smooth two-way flow of resources."At the macro level, the State must eliminate institutional barriers and focus on breaking down the urban-rural binary structure," he said.For a long time, cities have been drawing resources, particularly labor, away from rural areas. Wu, the researcher, said that instead of this one-way flow, capital, technology and management expertise from urban regions should also be directed toward rural areas."The purpose is to achieve optimal resource allocation and promote the overall coordinated development of the urban and rural economy and society," Wu said.While migrant workers primarily work in cities, their needs for social support such as elderly care and child-rearing are predominantly rural concerns.Jin Xiaoyi, a professor at Xi'an Jiaotong University's School of Public Policy and Administration, said the old approach had equated urbanization solely with urban construction."It neglected the transformation of rural migrants in aspects such as employment, social security and public services as they move from the countryside to the city," she said.Jin highlighted the mismatch of two sets of figures.Between 2006 and 2019, the annual growth of land in urban areas was about 1.7 times the growth of permanent residents, which the professor said was proof that old-fashioned urbanization was more "land-centered".While 63.89 percent of China's population were permanent urban residents in 2020, only 45.4 percent held urban hukou. This indicates that hundreds of millions of rural migrants have yet to receive equal treatment compared with urban residents.The third plenary session held in July called for enhancing institutional mechanisms to advance new urbanization.Jiang, the professor of demography, said: "The new urbanization model focuses on people and quality improvement. The key is to effectively address issues such as the education of children of rural migrant workers, housing and social security."

Zhao Shengliang, a lifelong scholar of Dunhuang art, stood side by side with President Xi Jinping as they carefully inspected caves, sculptures and paintings that date back more than 1,600 years.It was Zhao's second time accompanying Xi on such a cultural inspection, yet the moment struck him just as profoundly as the first time, as it reaffirmed the president's unwavering dedication to preserving China's rich heritage.As part of Xi's four-day trip to Gansu province last week, Zhao accompanied the president on a fact-finding trip to the Maijishan Grottoes, one of China's four major grottoes sites. The other three are the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu; the Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi province; and the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan province.Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, encouraged cultural heritage professionals to remain dedicated to safeguarding the nation's treasures and to contribute greater efforts to the preservation and innovation of China's rich cultural heritage, while strengthening China's cultural influence on the global stage.The Maijishan Grottoes feature 221 caves connected by elevated walkways and house more than 10,000 clay sculptures. Known as the "Oriental Sculpture Museum", it is a significant landmark along the ancient Silk Road.China's vast landscape is home to nearly 6,000 cave temples, and the Chinese president lauded the nation's major grottoes as "treasures of Chinese civilization" that hold significant historical and cultural value.Xi previously visited the Mogao Grottoes in August 2019, a trip for which Zhao also served as part of the entourage, and the Yungang Grottoes in May 2020.Zhao, who is also Party secretary of the Dunhuang Academy, said: "The strongest impression I have is President Xi's deep respect for China's outstanding traditional culture. He has shown great concern for cultural heritage sites that represent Chinese civilization, such as the Mogao and Maijishan grottoes, and he has dedicated considerable attention to the preservation of these cultural relics."The president was also very attentive as he visited with art workers who were restoring the cave paintings at the complex, Zhao said."I believe it is essential for more people today to learn about the Maijishan Grottoes, especially artists, who can draw inspiration from its sculptures to create new works that contribute to modern socialist culture," he added.Ning Qiang, dean of Beijing Foreign Studies University's School of Art and Research, said that the grottoes stand as a testament to the cultural exchanges between China and other civilizations, and they embody the spirit of inclusiveness, adaptation and innovation of Chinese culture, another key factor underlying the president's keen interest in cultural heritage.The Maijishan Grottoes site is one of those on the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Silk Road: Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor Road Network", which spans China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan."It was the shared beliefs and lifestyles of the people in these regions that led to the creation of the caves as a common cultural achievement," Ning added.Since being elected general secretary of the CPC Central Committee in 2012, Xi has issued more than 170 important directives on cultural relics, archaeology and intangible cultural heritage, and has conducted on-site investigations of over 100 historical and cultural heritage sites."Historical and cultural heritage is a valuable resource that is neither renewable nor replaceable, and its protection should always be given top priority," Xi said when visiting the Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi.During the inspection of Gansu last week, Xi expressed his support to the Dunhuang Academy in building an example of world cultural heritage protection and a center of Dunhuang studies.Zhao, the scholar, highlighted the need to understand the distinctive features of the Maijishan Grottoes."In order to enhance the influence of the Maijishan Grottoes, the key is to adhere to the approach of using culture to shape tourism and tourism to highlight culture," Zhao said.The conservation efforts applied to Dunhuang culture have been extended to the Maijishan Grottoes, Zhao said, adding that a complete monitoring and early warning system has been put into place, with each grotto being monitored for air quality, temperature and humidity. Nationwide, China is also making major strides in the preservation of its grottoes and other similar cultural heritage.Digital collections have been completed for eight cave temples of the Maijishan Grottoes, and many murals and colored sculptures have been restored, with conservation efforts still underway, he said.The Dunhuang Academy, which boasts cutting-edge technologies in preserving cave paintings, is backed by strong funding and staff support from the government."We are now applying the method to cultural heritage sites beyond the local boundaries. We believe that the ideas and technologies employed to protect the caves will offer valuable insights for tourism development and the rational use of cultural heritage sites worldwide," Zhao said.Reporter: Ma Jingna, Xu Wei and Zhao Jia

Chinese lawmakers on Friday voted to adopt a decision on gradually raising the statutory retirement age in the country, marking the first adjustment in the arrangement since 1950s.9月13日，全国人大常委会会议表决通过了关于实施渐进式延迟法定退休年龄的决定，这是自20世纪50年代以来对这一规定的首次调整。According to the decision adopted at the 11th session of the Standing Committee of the 14th National People's Congress, the statutory retirement age for men will be gradually raised from 60 to 63 in the course of 15 years starting 2025, while that for women cadres and women blue-collar workers will be raised from 55 to 58 and from 50 to 55, respectively.根据在第十四届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议通过的决定，从2025年期，我国将用15年时间，逐步将男职工的法定退休年龄从原60周岁延迟到63周岁，将女职工和女性蓝领工人的法定退休年龄从原50周岁、55周岁，分别延迟到55周岁、58周岁。Starting 2030, the minimum year of basic pension contributions required to receive monthly benefits will be gradually raised from 15 years to 20 years at the pace of an increase of six months annually.从2030年开始，领取月度福利所需的最低基本养老金缴费年限将逐步从15年提高到20年，每年增加半年。Meanwhile, people will be allowed to voluntarily retire by no more than three years in advance after reaching the minimum year of pension contributions. But it is not allowed to retire earlier than the previous statutory age.同时，达到最低养老金缴费年限后，人们可以选择自愿提前退休，但提前退休的时间不得超过三年。但是，不能在达到原定的法定退休年龄之前退休。The new policies will also allow individuals to postpone retirement to an even later date if they reach an agreement with employers, but such a delay should be no more than three years.新政策还将允许个人在与雇主达成协议后推迟退休，但延迟期限不得超过三年。The decision also specifies measures to refine the old-age insurance incentive mechanism, implement the employment-first strategy, ensure the basic rights and interests of workers who have passed their statutory retirement age, and improve elderly care and childcare services.该决定还明确了完善养老保险激励机制、实施就业优先战略、保障已过法定退休年龄工人的基本权益以及改善老年人护理和儿童保育服务的措施。The document includes specific provisions on welfare for unemployed old-age workers and on earlier retirement for those in special professions.文件中还包含了对失业老年工人福利和特殊职业提前退休的具体规定。The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee made clear arrangements on gradually raising the statutory retirement age in the country.中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会和第二十届中央委员会第三次全体会议明确了逐步提高法定退休年龄的安排。The plan passed by lawmakers on Friday was formulated on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of the average life expectancy, health conditions, the population structure, the level of education and workforce supply in China. 在全面评估中国的平均预期寿命、健康状况、人口结构、教育水平和劳动力供应的基础上，会议代表于13日通过了该决议。 Cadresn.（尤指共产党的）党务工作者，干部Provisionsn.法律协议的条纹，条款，规定Postponev.推迟；延期

President Xi Jinping has urged efforts to make solid progress toward the strategic goal of building China into a leading nation in education, as the country celebrated the 40th Teachers' Day on Tuesday.Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, made the remarks at a national meeting on education held in Beijing on Monday and Tuesday.On behalf of the CPC Central Committee, Xi sent greetings to teachers and others working in the education sector across the country.He emphasized that building China into a leading nation in education has been a long-cherished dream of the Chinese nation in modern times, and it serves as the leading task, solid foundation and strategic support for building China into a strong country and realizing national rejuvenation through Chinese modernization.Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, China has been working to fully implement the strategy of invigorating the country through science and education and speeding up the drive to modernize education. It aims to achieve the goal of building a leading nation in education by 2035.Xi said that the socialist country strong in education with Chinese characteristics that China aims to become should possess strong ideological and political leadership, strong talent competitiveness, strong scientific and technological support, a strong capacity for ensuring people's livelihoods, strong power in social coordination, and strong global influence.He said that building a nation strong in education is a complex and systematic endeavor that requires focusing on education's fundamental task of fostering virtues.Xi underlined the importance of coordinating the implementation of the strategies for invigorating the country through science and education, building a strong nation through talent development, and driving innovation-driven development.It is essential to advance education development, scientific and technological innovation and talent cultivation in an integrated manner, with a focus on enhancing innovation capabilities based on the nation's strategic demands in the development of science and technology, he said.Xi called for improving mechanisms for readjusting disciplines and talent cultivation modes in higher education institutions, strengthening basic disciplines as well as emerging and interdisciplinary disciplines, and cultivating top-notch talent.He underscored the need to enhance collaboration between universities and the corporate sector in scientific research, and accelerate the transformation of more research achievements into industrial applications.It is important to establish a vocational education system that integrates vocational and general education, and vigorously cultivate skilled workers, craftsmen and high-level skilled talent, he added.While emphasizing people-centered education, Xi called for enhancing the inclusiveness, accessibility and convenience of public services in the education sector to ensure that the benefits of education reform and development reach all the people more fairly and broadly.He stressed the need to optimize the allocation of educational resources in different regions, promote the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education, and gradually narrow the urban-rural gap in education.To cultivate and foster a high-caliber team of teachers for the new era, it is essential to elevate the political and social status of teachers, enhance their benefits and safeguard their professional dignity and legitimate rights and interests in order to ensure that teaching is one of the most respected careers, Xi said.He also called for efforts to deepen opening-up in the education sector, continuously enhance the global influence and competitiveness of China's education, expand international academic exchanges and education cooperation, and actively participate in global governance in education.Before the meeting, Xi and other leaders met with representatives attending an award ceremony honoring model teachers and outstanding groups and institutions in the education sector.

A key meeting of the Communist Party of China pledged on Tuesday to step up macroeconomic support in the second half of this year, with greater focus on expanding domestic demand, cultivating emerging sectors and widening opening-up in a bid to meet the nation's annual growth target for 2024.7月30日，习近平总书记主持召开中共中央政治局会议，分析研究当前经济形势，部署下半年经济工作。会议作出的一系列重要部署指引各地各部门各方面坚定发展信心，保持战略定力，积极主动应对问题和挑战，进一步全面深化改革，增强经济持续回升向好态势，为推动高质量发展汇聚强大合力。The economic priorities were set out as the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to analyze the performance of the world's second-largest economy.此次中央政治局会议指出，今年以来“经济运行总体平稳、稳中有进，延续回升向好态势”。Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting, two weeks after the third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee adopted wide-ranging policy measures to forge ahead with the nation's reform and opening-up drive.中共中央总书记习近平主持了此次会议。7月18日，中国共产党第二十届中央委员会第三次全体会议通过了《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革 推进中国式现代化的决定》（以下简称《决定》）。According to a statement issued after the meeting, the CPC leadership highlighted challenges including mounting negative factors from the external environment, lack of effective demand domestically, lingering risks in key sectors and "growing pains in the transition between old and new growth drivers".会议同时指出，当前外部环境变化带来的不利影响增多，国内有效需求不足，经济运行出现分化，重点领域风险隐患仍然较多，新旧动能转换存在阵痛。"We must enhance our awareness of risks and worst-case scenarios, come up with proactive responses, maintain strategic resolve, and strengthen our confidence in development," the statement said.《决定》声明，面对严峻复杂的国际环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，统筹发展和安全，着力推动高质量发展。The policymakers required fully leveraging the role of economic structural reform as the spearhead and promptly introducing a series of reform measures that are "mature, effective and achievable".此次中央政治局会议强调，要以改革为动力促进稳增长、调结构、防风险，充分发挥经济体制改革的牵引作用，及时推出一批条件成熟、可感可及的改革举措。They emphasized the need to encourage entrepreneurship and move faster to help Chinese companies become world-class through reform, innovation and fair competition.着力营造更加公平、更有活力的市场环境，推动更多中小企业成长为瞪羚企业和独角兽企业。More effective macroeconomic policies must be consistently carried out, focusing on the issuance and use of special-purpose bonds, improvement of the fiscal expenditure structure and financial support for the real economy, the statement said, adding that the exchange rate of the renminbi should remain generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level.面对下半年繁重的改革发展稳定任务，会议明确指出，宏观政策要持续用力、更加给力。要加强逆周期调节，实施好积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，加快全面落实已确定的政策举措，及早储备并适时推出一批增量政策举措。Provincial-level regions serving as economic powerhouses should continue to take the leading role in economic development, the policymakers said.会议强调要切实增强宏观政策取向一致性，并提出继续发挥好经济大省挑大梁作用。To boost domestic consumption, they also said economic policies should focus on increasing the incomes of residents through multiple channels and spurring spending in sectors such as tourism, elderly and child care, housekeeping and other services.会议提出“要多渠道增加居民收入，增强中低收入群体的消费能力和意愿”“支持文旅、养老、育幼、家政等消费”。While calling for cultivating more emerging industries and future-oriented industries, they warned against "vicious competition" among peer companies.“要有力有效支持发展瞪羚企业、独角兽企业”“要强化行业自律，防止‘内卷式'恶性竞争”，会议的部署引人关注。They required removing all market access restrictions for foreign investment in the manufacturing sector and promoting trials and demonstrations for expanding opening-up of the service sector, in order to stabilize the inflow of foreign investment.“进一步营造市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境，稳步扩大制度型开放”“推出新一轮服务业扩大开放试点举措，促进利用外资企稳回升”Regarding the real estate sector, the meeting stressed efforts to ensure the delivery of housing projects and accelerate the development of a new model for the sector.会议指出，房地产业应进一步做好保交房工作，加快构建房地产发展新模式。It called for steps to improve and implement comprehensive local debt resolution plans and create conditions to expedite the mitigation of debt risks associated with local government financing platforms.会议还对防范化解地方政府债务风险作出部署，明确提出“要完善和落实地方一揽子化债方案，创造条件加快化解地方融资平台债务风险”。"We must strengthen assistance and support for low-income populations and develop a tightly woven social safety net," the statement said.此外，会议强调“要统筹防风险、强监管、促发展，提振投资者信心，提升资本市场内在稳定性”。The meeting also reviewed a set of provisions on rectifying formalism to alleviate the burden on the grassroots level, emphasizing that pointless formalities and bureaucratism that affect the implementation of the Party Central Committee's decisions and plans must be firmly rectified.会议还审议了关于整治形式主义为基层减负专项工作机制的相关文件，强调深化整治形式主义为基层减负，必须坚持以改革精神破解顽瘴痼疾。Prior to the meeting, the CPC Central Committee held a symposium on Friday with non-CPC personages to seek opinions and suggestions on the country's current economic situation and economic work for the second half of the year.7月26日，中共中央召开党外人士座谈会，习近平主席主持并就当前经济形势和下半年经济工作发表重要讲话。Xi, who presided over the symposium, said the difficulties and challenges that China's economic development is currently faced with are problems that arise during the process of economic development and transitioning, and can certainly be overcome through persistent efforts.习近平主席强调，当前我国经济发展遇到一些困难和问题，是发展中、转型中的问题，经过努力是完全可以克服的。China has targeted its economic growth at around 5 percent for 2024. Official data showed that the country's gross domestic product grew 5 percent year-on-year in the first half of the year.我国2024年经济目标是将经济增长率保持在5%左右。官方数据显示，上半年，我国GDP同比增长5.0%。Looking to the next half of the year, Zhou Maohua, a researcher at China Everbright Bank, said the policy focus will be on stabilizing growth, preventing risks and deepening reforms.光大银行宏观市场部研究员周茂华展望下半年，我国政策重点将放在稳增长、调结构、防风险等系列改革上。Citing measures mapped out by the key meeting, such as speeding up the issuance of local government special bonds and driving large-scale equipment upgrades and trade-in deals for consumer goods, he said the moves will help stimulate market vitality and strengthen the growth momentum for consumption and domestic demand.要加快专项债发行使用进度，用好超长期特别国债，支持国家重大战略和重点领域安全能力建设，更大力度推动大规模设备更新和大宗耐用消费品以旧换新……会议围绕实施好积极的财政政策作出具体部署。Li Daokui, director of Tsinghua University's Academic Center for Chinese Economic Practice and Thinking, said the country is on track to meet its annual growth target of around 5 percent this year, as the country is poised to launch a number of policy measures to support growth in the remainder of the year.清华大学中国经济思想与实践研究院院长李稻葵表示，今年下半年，我国将推出一系列政策措施来支持经济增长，有望实现今年5%左右的年增长率目标。Li said he remains "quite optimistic about China's economic growth in 2024", and he expects to see gradual stabilization in prices and recovery in confidence among businesses, investors and consumers amid strong policy stimulus in the next half of the year.他表示仍然“对2024年中国经济增长保持乐观”。预计在下半年的政策刺激下，物价将趋于稳定，企业、投资者和消费者的信心也将有所提振。As the broader economy still faces headwinds, he said a package of measures is needed to defuse local government debt risks, boost consumer sentiment and stabilize the housing sector.由于整体经济仍面临动荡，我国需要采取一揽子措施来化解地方政府债务风险，提振消费者信心，稳定房地产行业。Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committeen.中央政治局non-CPC personagesn.党外人士Tsinghua University's Academic Center for Chinese Economic Practice and Thinkingn.清华大学中国经济思想与实践研究院

Does China keep opening its doors further, or closing them? What does the resolution adopted at the 3rd plenum of the 20th CPC Central Committee say about it? Host Liu Xin sits down with Jeffrey Sachs, director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University and president of the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network. And, a U.S. business delegation visits China right after the same meeting. We have an exclusive interview with Roberta Lipson, founder and vice chair of United Family Healthcare and a member of the delegation.

Enjoy a discussion on the ongoing reforms in China. This diverse panel of young guests bring unique perspectives on the resolution adopted at the third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee. On the show: Niu Honglin, Ian Wong, student of Yenching Academy, Peking University, Daniel Barbosa, student of Yenching Academy, Peking University, and Dr. Nazmus Sakib, pediatrician with Peking University First Hospital.

The resolution of the 3rd Plenum of the 20th CPC Central Committee on further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese modernization has put opening-up as a "defining feature". Will China make it easier for foreign businesses to operate here in the country? China's foreign trade reached new heights in the first half of this year, what does it mean to the world?

Representatives from various Palestinian factions have met in Beijing to discuss reconciliation and strengthen unity (15:19). U.S. business leaders in China are sharing their thoughts on Beijing's reform plans following the conclusion of the 20th CPC Central Committee's Third Plenum meetings (01:08). And Paris is aiming to host the greenest Olympic Games ever when the events kick off later this week (22:36).

Editor's note: The third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has unveiled a road map for further comprehensively deepening reform in various sectors to advance Chinese modernization in the new era. China Daily is running a series of stories focused on specific reform measures and the implementation of the measures in different sectors and localities.编者的话：中国共产党第二十届三中全会公布了对进一步全面深化改革作出系统谋划和部署。《中国日报》将重点关注具体改革措施及这些措施在不同部门、地区的实施情况。China cut key interest rate benchmarks on Monday, demonstrating policymakers' strong commitment to strengthening macroeconomic policy support and putting into effect the measures outlined last week at a key meeting of the central leadership of the Communist Party of China, economists and analysts said.经济学家、分析人士表示，我国7月22日将多个关键利率下调，展现出货币政策呵护经济回升的决心，是对二十届三中全会“坚定不移实现全年经济社会发展目标”要求的积极响应。With the top-level meeting having mapped out reforms to bolster financial support for the real economy, they said China will likely take more action soon to enhance the effectiveness of interest rate adjustments and strengthen the capital market's ability to serve innovative enterprises as well as investors.通过我国高层政治制定，目前已加强对实体经济支持的改革方案，将提高利率调整的有效性，并加强资本市场为创新企业和投资者服务的能力。On Monday, the People's Bank of China, the nation's central bank, lowered the interest rate on seven-day reverse repurchase agreements or reverse repos — which serves as the short-term policy benchmark of interest rates — from 1.8 percent to 1.7 percent. The seven-day reverse repo is a central bank tool to inject liquidity.根据央行7月22日公告，公开市场7天期逆回购操作采用固定利率、数量招标，操作利率由1.8%调整为1.7%。Loan prime rates, China's market-based lending rate benchmarks, also dropped on Monday. The one-year LPR came in at 3.35 percent, after staying at 3.45 percent for 11 months. The over-five-year LPR, on which lenders base their mortgage rates, was lowered by 10 basis points to 3.85 percent.贷款市场报价利率也有所下降。中国人民银行7月22日授权全国银行间同业拆借中心公布，1年期LPR下调为3.35%，5年期以上LPR下调为3.85%。Analysts said the move will help boost investment and consumption by easing financing costs, as basic calculations indicate that Monday's cut can save about 55 yuan ($7.55) in monthly payments for a new homebuyer taking out a 30-year, 1-million-yuan mortgage and thus help improve homebuying demand.分析师表示，此举将有助于通过降低融资成本来提振投资和消费。此次降息后购房者月供大约可减少55元，帮助改善购房需求。The cut aligned with the call from the third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, which concluded on Thursday, to remain firmly committed to accomplishing the goals for this year's economic and social development.此次减息呼应了7月18日结束的中共二十届三中全会，即努力实现全年经济社会发展目标。To achieve this year's fiscal spending target, Zhang Bin, a senior researcher at China Finance 40 Forum, a top think tank, said that China needs to issue additional government bonds in the second half beyond its initial plan, either as central or local government bonds.CF40资深研究员、中国社科院世界经济与政治研究所副所长张斌表示，广义财政政策应该更加积极一些，下半年需要额外新增发债才能实现目标。This is because local governments' difficulties in generating adequate revenue have impeded the country's fiscal spending, which has in turn exacerbated the challenge of insufficient demand, said Zhang, who is also a national political adviser.特别是今年要尽一切可能完成年初制定的政府支出目标，由于税收收入、地方政府卖地收入下降，完成年初目标面临很大困难。Guo Kai, executive president of the CF40 Institute, a research institute affiliated with the think tank, said there remains more scope for interest rate cuts to counter slowing economic momentum, adding that Monday's cut also marks a step forward in market-oriented monetary policy transmission.中国金融四十人研究院（CF40）执行院长郭凯表示，为应对经济势头放缓，降息仍有更多空间，此次降息也标志着以市场为导向的货币政策向前迈进一步。The resolution adopted by the plenary session called for accelerated efforts to improve the central bank system and the monetary policy transmission mechanism, as part of wider financial system reform.本次全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》（以下简称《决定》）提出要完善货币政策传导机制，提高资金使用效率，为经济持续回升向好和高质量发展营造良好的货币金融环境。Lou Feipeng, a researcher at Postal Savings Bank of China, said future reforms in monetary policy are needed to clarify the short-term interest rate corridor and its mechanism for transmission to long-term rates."Central bank transactions in treasury bonds are also likely to start and expand in response to market conditions to manage the treasury bond yield," Lou said.中国邮政储蓄银行研究员娄飞鹏表示：“各国国债的央行交易也可能根据市场状况开始并扩大，以限制美国国债收益率。”。未来需要对货币政策进行改革，以明确短期利率及其向长期利率传导的机制。Capital market reform would also be a focus of the upcoming financial system reform, analysts said, especially as the resolution has called for improving the functions of the capital market to give balanced weight to investment and financing.分析人士表示，资本市场改革也将是即将到来的金融体制改革的重点，全金融消费者保护和打击非法金融活动机制，构建产业资本和金融资本“防火墙”。Yan Xiang, chief economist at Huafu Securities, said that it can be learned from the resolution that reform will be deepened in the capital market, aiming to boost investors' confidence, enhance market efficiency and lower risks in the entire economic system."The capital market plays a significant role in serving the real economy, nurturing technology innovation and supporting new quality productive forces. It is for these reasons that the resolution has stressed the need to complete the capital market's basic mechanisms," he said.华福证券首席经济学家燕翔指出，资本市场是支持科技创新、推动加快发展新质生产力的重要力量。《决定》提出要“防风险、强监管，促进资本市场健康稳定发展”以及“建立增强资本市场内在稳定性长效机制”，目的就是要通过改革，建立中国资本市场长远稳定发展的内在制度根基。Liu Tao, deputy head of the Guangkai Chief Industry Research Institute, said that, specifically, bars may be raised for floating on the A-share market's main board and ChiNext at the Shenzhen bourse. Meanwhile, differentiated delisting rules may be introduced for different boards.广开首席产业研究院副院长刘涛认为，在A股市场主板上市和在深圳证券交易所上市的创业板可能会上调柱线，不同的董事会也将出台差异化的退市规则。Guangkai Chief Industry Research Instituten.广开首席产业研究院Postal Savings Bank of Chinan.中国邮政储蓄银行

A pivotal four-day meeting of the 20th CPC Central Committee concluded on Thursday with the adoption of a resolution to further deepen reform in China. The 3rd plenum, held every five years, took place this week in Beijing. The resolution outlines a comprehensive plan to deepen reforms and advance modernization.

A group of U.S. heavyweight executives from companies like Goldman Sachs, Starbucks, Nike, and Qualcomm are arriving in China this week. Their visit coincides with China's recent commitments to further deepen comprehensive reform and create a more transparent, stable, and predictable environment for foreign businesses, announced during the third plenum of the 20th CPC Central Committee.

President Xi Jinping has urged all-out rescue and relief efforts to safeguard people's lives and property after the collapse of a highway bridge in Shaanxi province.习近平主席对陕西商洛市柞水县境内一高速公路桥梁发生垮塌作出重要指示，要求全力抢险救援，强化巡查排险。Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, made the instruction after the bridge, located in Zhashui county in the city of Shangluo, collapsed at around 8:40 pm on Friday due to flash floods caused by heavy rain.7月19日20时40分许，陕西商洛市柞水县境内一高速公路桥梁因山洪暴发发生垮塌。灾害发生后，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平高度重视并作出重要指示，According to a preliminary estimate, 17 cars and eight trucks had fallen into the river. As of 7 pm on Sunday, rescue workers had recovered 15 bodies, China Central Television quoted the National Fire and Rescue Administration as saying. Efforts were underway to locate the remaining missing people, according to the administration.据CCTV报道，国家消防救援局初步估计，有17辆汽车和8辆卡车坠河。截至7月21日晚7时，救援人员已经找到了15具尸体，目前正在努力搜寻其余失踪人员。Xi said in the instruction that the immediate priority is to carry out rescue operations, make every effort to search for the missing, and minimize casualties. He also called for efforts to assist the families of those affected by the collapse.习近平主席强调，当务之急是全力抢险救援，千方百计搜救失联人员，最大限度减少人员伤亡，并妥善做好家属安抚等善后工作。Xi emphasized the importance of well-planned rescue efforts and the prevention of secondary disasters.要注意科学施救，细致排查周边安全隐患，严防次生灾害。He said that as the critical period of flood control approaches, it is imperative for regions and relevant departments to be extra vigilant, fulfill their duties diligently, improve monitoring systems and early warning mechanisms, strengthen inspections, and implement various measures meticulously to guarantee the safety of people's lives and property.习近平强调，当前正值“七下八上”防汛关键期，各地区和有关部门要高度重视、压实责任，加强监测预警，强化巡查排险，落实落细各项措施，切实保障人民群众生命财产安全。Premier Li Qiang, who is also a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, has given instructions to spare no effort in searching for and rescuing the missing people, investigate the cause promptly, and take measures to prevent secondary disasters.中共中央政治局常委、国务院总理李强作出批示，要尽一切努力搜救失联人员，尽快查明原因，妥善做好善后工作，并抓紧排查处置险情，严防次生灾害。Vice-Premier Zhang Guoqing, who also is a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, has led a working team to the site to guide rescue efforts.中共中央政治局委员、国务院副总理张国清率有关部门负责同志赶赴现场指导救援处置工作。

A meeting of China's CPC Central Committee has issued a communique after adopting a resolution on deepening reforms to advance Chinese modernization (01:08). Reports indicate that Palestinian officials have rejected a U.S.-Israeli proposal for a ceasefire in Gaza (12:04). The Athletes' Village for the Paris Olympics officially opens on Thursday, just over a week ahead of the Games' opening ceremony (23:52).