Podcasts about fractionation

In 'Hidden Laws of Mental Dynamics - Psychological Secrets for Hacking Your Brain for Powerful Change! Part 1,' David Snyder explores various topics related to hypnosis, psychological secrets, and brain hacking. David delves into managing expectations in hypnosis, emphasizing the impact of the Law of Expectation and the Law of Compliance. He discusses the effectiveness of direct suggestion hypnosis, demonstrates techniques like fractionation, and explores the connection between emotions, decision-making, and the unconscious mind. Throughout the discussion, David Snyder highlights the importance of linguistic nuances, the role of media in influencing thoughts, and practical applications of hypnotic inductions and NLP principles for powerful change. Standout Quotes: • "Clinically speaking, managing expectations is not just an art but a necessity, especially when the canvas is the human mind." [Dr David] • "Expectation is the silent architect of change; your task is to compose the blueprint that transforms possibility into reality." • "While old-school hypnosis relied on repetition and direct suggestion, my style seeks excitement and engagement – making the process a thrilling journey, not a monotonous drill." • "Don't just accept objections; let them loop back, evolve, and transform. The first objection accepted is a step toward the second acceptance and beyond." • "Fractionation is the downward dance of the mind – opening your eyes, closing your eyes, engaging in that rhythm pulls you into a deeper trance with every cycle." • "In hypnotic suggestions, the present progressive tense like 'I am becoming' is my preference. It's not just about being there; it's about the ongoing process of transformation." Key Takeaways: •Recognize the power of social proof. Collect and prominently display testimonials in professions where they matter. Use success stories to create positive expectations for those waiting or using your services. •Consider managing expectations, both professionally and personally. How can you proactively align your expectations with your goals? Understand the importance of expectation management in personal transformation. •Explore diverse suggestions to engage and elicit a response during hypnosis. Incorporate various types of suggestions to determine the most effective ones. •Reflect on the balance between traditional and innovative hypnosis methods. Integrate classic techniques with modern and engaging approaches. Find a unique blend of strategies that aligns with your style and resonates with your subjects for optimal results. Episode Timeline: [00:05] – What is the significance of managing expectations in hypnosis? [06:06] – How do the Laws of Expectation and Compliance play a role in hypnosis? [07:09] – In what ways does direct suggestion hypnosis lead to amnesia and deeper trance states? [12:37] – What is the Law of Fractionation and its relevance to on women's pleasure? [19:11] – Why does David emphasize the importance of using present tense and present progressive language when creating suggestions? [20:50] – In what ways can reactance be reduced by using indirect suggestions? [22:21] – How does "neurological arousal" impact decision-making in social situations [27:39] – Why does David emphasize the importance of allowing clients to fully process their emotions after a hypnosis session? [33:45] – How do posthypnotic suggestions influence behavior? [35:27] – What is the “opinion opener” technique? [38:41] – How do presuppositions in NLP and conversation guide people strategically? [47:00] – What role does David think hypnosis plays in media manipulation? [51:35] – What are the three elements in instant induction? Learn more about Dr. David Snyder at: Website: http://www.davidsnyder.com/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-david-snyder-02aa23213/

Olá, bio-ouvintes! Dessa vez vamos temos um papo sobre substâncias nocivas... aquelas capazes de causar danos, que podem ser perigosas, desagradáveis, ou até mesmo fatais.  Na nossa incrível natureza, diversos organismos produzem substâncias nocivas, talvez os exemplos mais comuns sejam algumas plantas e animais. O efeito depende muito de cada substância, e principalmente, da dose.    CONTATOS cartinhas@biologiainsitu.com.br Instagram, Facebook e LinkedIn: @biologiainsitu Twitter e TikTok: @bioinsitu   APOIO Apoio recorrente na Orelo! Pix: cartinhas@biologiainsitu.com.br   CRÉDITOS Coordenação: Bruna Canellas, Cristianne Santos, Heloá Caramuru, Ricardo Gomes e Vitor Lopes. Pesquisa de pauta: Alice Campos, Brenda Krishna, Isabelle Passos, Mariana Santos, Vitor Lopes e Vitória Castro. Revisão científica: Renata Santos, Gabriel Oliveira Roteirização: Ana Victória. Revisão textual: Sueli Rodrigues. Direção: Vitor Lopes. Locução: Ricardo Gomes e Vitor Lopes. Edição e mixagem de áudio: Ricardo Gomes. Arte de capa: Larissa Castro.   CITAÇÃO DO EPISÓDIO (ABNT) Biologia In Situ 116: 116 – É de comer ou de matar? Coordenação: Bruna Garcia da Cruz Canellas, Cristianne Santana Santos, Heloá Caramuru Carlos, Ricardo da Silva Gomes e Vitor Estanislau de Almeida Souza Lopes. Pesquisa de pauta: Alice Barreto Arruda Campos, Brenda Krishna de Andrade Miranda, Isabelle Cristina Pereira Passos, Mariana Rodrigues dos Santos, Vitor Estanislau de Almeida Souza Lopes e Vitória Fernandes de Castro. Revisão científica: Gabriel Oliveira Ferreira e Renata dos Santos Pinto. Roteirização: Ana Victória de Sousa Bezerra. Revisão textual: Sueli Aparecida Rodrigues. Locução: Ricardo da Silva Gomes e Vitor Estanislau de Almeida Souza Lopes. Edição de áudio: Ricardo da Silva Gomes. Arte de capa: Larissa Araguaia Monteiro de Castro. [S. l.] Canal Biologia In Situ, 21 de setembro de 2023. Podcast. Disponível em: .   REFERÊNCIAS ALBUQUERQUE, E. X.; DALY, J. W.; WITKOP, B. Batrachotoxin: chemestry and pharmacology – this novel steroidal alkaloid is a valuable tool for studying ion transport in eletrogenic membranes. Science 172: 995-1002. DOI: 10.1126/science.172.3987.995 AMERI, A. 1998. The effects of Aconitum alkaloids in central nervous system.  Progress in Neurobiology 56: 211-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-0082(98)00037-9 BUEHLER, J. 2020. “Qual é a diferença entre animais venenosos e peçonhentos?” em National Geographic. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 31/08/2021 DAVIES, E. 2015. “As plantas mais venenosas do mundo” em BBC Earth. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 01/09/2021 DICIO. 2021. “Significado de Nocivo” em Dicio: Dicionário Online de Português. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 26/08/2021. DUMBACHER, J. P.; SPANDE, T. F.; DALY, J. W. 2000. Batrachotoxin alkaloids from passerine birds: a second toxic bird genus (Ifrita kowaldi) from New Guinea. PNAS 97: 12970-12975. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.200346897 GRUBER, K. 2015. “Conheça o animal vertebrado mais venenoso do mundo” em BBC Earth. Disponível em: . Acesso em 31/08/2021 HOMSI-BRANDEBURGO, M I.; QUEIROZ, L. S.; SANTO-NETO, H.; RODRIGUES-SIMONI, L.; GIGLIO, J. R. 1988. Fractionation of Bothrops jararacussu snake venom: partial chemical characterization and biological activity of bothropstoxin. Toxicon 26: 615-627. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(88)90244-9 HONERJÄGER, P.; REITER, M. 1977. The cardiotoxic effect of batrachotoxin. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 299: 239-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00500316 NYIRIMIGABO, E.; XU, Y.; LI, Y.; WANG, Y.; AGYEMANG, K.; ZHANG, Y. 2014. A review on phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology studies of Aconitum. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 67: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12310 PANUNTO, P. C.; SILVA, M. A.; LINARDI, A.; BUZIN, M. P.; MELO, S. E. S. F. C.; MELLO, S. M.; PRADO-FRANCESCHINI, J.; HYSLOP, S. 2006. Biological activities of a lectin from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom. Toxicon 47: 21-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.08.012 PELIKAN, W. 2021. “As serpentes e seus venenos” em Monografias Brasil Escola. Disponível em: . Acesso em 31/08/2021 EMBRAPA. Origem e evolução de plantas cultivadas. Editores técnicos: Rosa Lía Barbieri, Elisabeth Regina Tempel Stumpf – Brasília, DF : Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, 2008. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 31/08/2021. OLIVEIRA, A. A descoberta que mudou a humanidade. Ciência Hoje. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 31/08/2021. PODCAST ECO-EVOLUÇÃO: ciência e educação. Episódio 12: Pegando fogo - Como Cozinhar Nos Tornou Humanos. [Locução de]: Flavio Ramos. [S.l.]: Unifal-MG, abr. 2018. Podcast. Disponível em: https://open.spotify.com/episode/0ZvBMmJkoU2odSMHgQEsMX?si=vZf7abu2RAeyL2sir9OVeQ&dl_branch=1. Acesso em: 09/09/2021. LOPES, Letícia M. B; GRICOLETO, Andréia R. L. Uso consciente de psicotrópicos: responsabilidade dos profissionais da saúde. Braz J Health, São Paulo, v. 1, p. 1-14, 2011. ORGANIZAÇÃO MUNDIAL DA SAÚDE. Neurociência do uso e da dependência de substâncias psicoativas. São Paulo: Roca, p.18-30, 2006. MARIANO, Thaís Oliveira; CHASIN, Alice A. M. DROGAS PSICOTRÓPICAS E SEUS EFEITOS SOBRE O SISTEMA NERVOSO CENTRAL. Ed 22 - Centro de Pós-Graduação Oswaldo Cruz SANTOS, A. L. P., SANTOS, C. O., ROSA, N. R., SOUZA, P., MAZETO, T. K. EFEITO DA CAFEÍNA NO ORGANISMO - III Ciclo Científico da Faculdade São Paulo – FSP, 2015 ALTIMARI, L.R. et al. Cafeína: ergogênico nutricional no esporte. Rev. Bras. Ciên. e Mov. Brasília. v. 9, n. 3, p. 57-64, 2001. 

We shouldn't be focusing on the good and bad things in life, nor should we quit. We must let ourselves be free and let go those who are bothering us. You'll be able to express yourself better when you allow it. In this episode, David Snyder teaches us how to train our minds.  Standout Quotes: “When we start looking at ourselves as being broken, as being damaged, we're accepting it as an identity. The truth is, it's not who we are. It's just something we're doing, and you can always change what you're doing. “ “When you're in denial, you give more energy to it. When you accept what happens and you allow yourself to express emotions, you gain more information and a better ability to change your perspective.” “We got to stop thinking about things as being good or bad. The moment we remove that distinction, it sets of filters from our experience. We get more freedom, and our life just gets a lot less stressful.” “You never fail until you quit. Everything else is just a break. It's just a rest.” Key Takeaways:        What we say we are is not always who we are. We made ourselves believe that it is who we are. We manipulated ourselves into changing ourselves up to the point that it became our identity. It is better to accept what really happened than deny everything. You'll be able to move forward if you accept what happened Life has always been a mess which is why, you must not let yourself get dictated by the good and bad things in the society. Stopping for the mean time doesn't equate to failure. What you are doing is to rest and ensure that everything's okay. Episode Timeline: [00:00] Unorthodox Hypnosis vs. NLP [02:56] Building Blocks of Thoughts [03:39] Resources [06:45] Interpreted Reality [09:08] Identity vs. Activity [10:00] Acceptance, Rejection, Projection, Connection [16:24] Thinking and Remembering [17:39] Behavior [19:15] Life is Either Black or White [21:22] Unconditional Love of the Unconscious Mind [24:45] Balance between Conscious and Unconscious [25:55] Feedback vs. Failure [28:10] Fractionation

Link to the free Shogun Method Online Masterclass – https://fractionationhypnosis.com/ Fractionation is the best way to get an ex-girlfriend or wife back, bar none. Learn these magical three steps, use them and see your ex come crawling back into your arms!

Link to the free Fractionation Online Masterclass – https://fractionationhypnosis.com/ Fractionation is a hard technique to master, no doubt. There’s a lite version that gives you a headstart, and if you’re new to Shogun Method, it’s the ideal entry point to the philosophy of emotional addiction. Learn it–listen to this podcast.

Today's Free Trigger Reinforcement Session revisits the Season Four Deepening Trigger, POUR, and Dear/Darling. Also available from today is a similar trio of trigger reinforcements, for my favourite sissy maids. Both bundles include two versions of the trigger reinforcement. Also included are 6-minute mini sessions that are suitable for daily use. Homepage: https://spokenbyelswyth.com/Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/spokenbyelswythWishlist: https://www.amazon.co.uk/hz/wishlist/ls/2H0LNXYM2TDCU […] The post 4.64 SbE Fractionation Induction, and a Free Trigger Reinforcement Session appeared first on Spoken By Elswyth.

It's now a common way to get the attention of any girl – just ignore her, right? Well, let me tell you this. This technique absolutely works. But here's the fine print… you gotta do it CORRECTLY. Many guys make the mistake of doing it wrongly and they wonder why it wouldn't work for them. […]

Attraction is not a choice. Use this LOVE COMPELLER technique and she won’t stand a chance… and it doesn’t matter if you’re fat, poor, ugly or plain clueless. Find out how you can use this technique and get amazing results fast. Listen to this podcast… click PLAY now. Then, go here for the legendary Fractionation […]

Dr. Sue Yom, our Editor-in-Chief, hosts Dr. Meredith Giuliani, Thoracic Section Editor, Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology, and Associate Dean of Postgraduate Medical Education at the University of Toronto, practicing at the Princess Margaret Cancer Center; Dr. Sung-Ja Ahn, Professor in the Department of Radiation Oncology of Chonnam National University Medical School and corresponding author for our new publication this month, "Randomized, Multicenter, Phase 3 Study of Accelerated Fraction Radiation Therapy With Concomitant Boost to the Gross Tumor Volume Compared With Conventional Fractionation in Concurrent Chemoradiation in Patients With Unresectable Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Korean Radiation Oncology Group 09-03 Trial"; and Dr. Megan Daly, Professor in the Department of Radiation Oncology at the University of California Davis, Associate Section Editor at our Journal, and supervising author of an article publishing next month, "Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography Ventilation Image Guided Lung Functional Avoidance Radiation Therapy: A Single-Arm Prospective Pilot Clinical Trial". We also discuss another trial published this month, "STereotactic Ablative RadioTherapy in NEWly Diagnosed and Recurrent Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Unfit for ConcurrEnt RAdio-Chemotherapy: Early Analysis of the START-NEW-ERA Non-Randomised Phase II Trial".

What’s an example of a fractionation story? Use this–the Ancient Parable of The Chinese Farmer. By Alan Watts, an influential figure on Derek Rake and Shogun Method! Use it to fractionate any woman pique her interest and capture her attention! Go here for the legendary Fractionation Masterclass – https://fractionationhypnosis.com/

Oluwadamilola Oladeru M.D. discusses patient-centered breast radiotherapy fractionation and treatment approach. She describes the changing trend of radiotherapy fractionation over the last 20 years and the long-term results of UK FAST and FAST FORWARD studies. Lastly she describes the patient selection for short course treatment and its benefits in terms of patient convenience.

Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer and so it is fitting that we start the first of our disease-specific oncology series with this diagnosis. An important component of treatment in lung cancer (and many other cancers) is the use of radiation. This week, we continue our discussion about the fundamentals of Radiation Oncology with our guest, Dr. Evan Osmundson. *We hear the terms “hypo-fractioned” and “hyper-fractionated” radiation. What do those mean?- Fractionation, that is breaking up the total dose of radiation into smaller ones, has allowed patients to tolerate the radiation better. The repeat exposure allows the healthy tissue to repair, whereas the tumor is not able to heal as well- Standard fractionation involves keeping the maximum dose per session at 1.8-2Gy/fraction. - Hyper-fractionation is when a patient gets multiple doses per day, each less than 2Gy. This is important in small cell lung cancer, where the standard dose of radiation is 1.5Gy twice daily- Hypo-fractionation os when larger doses are given in each session, typically larger than 2.5-3Gy, often 4-5Gy per fraction. This is analogous to SBRT. *With regards to SBRT, how do you determine the number of sessions? - Typically 3-5 sessions, and this is based on data run through their computer algorithm that allows the dose to be tumoricidal. - More sessions (more likely 5 sessions) if central tumor (

Today, Dr. Snyder is going to talk about the Psychological Secrets of Human Influence to achieve Success, Attraction, Wealth, Health and Happiness! He is going to share a lot of tips and information that will surely teach you a thing or two about NLP. Stay tuned because this is an exciting one! Standout Quotes: Everything that humans do is in response to a feeling conscious or not. It's a feeling they either want more of or a feeling they want a whole lot less up. The most powerful words that any human being could hear at any given moment are the words that came out of their mouth. The person hearing their words coming back to them will feel that the other person is really paying attention. The moment you start echoing a person's words, you start stimulating that upper half of the pyramid, which generates massive body feelings. This is because human beings are moving through the world looking to be accepted and approved of regardless of what comes out of their mouth. Key Takeaways: Nothing happens until humans have a feeling. They have an internal feeling and take an external action that's kinesthetic or somatic. The moment you give somebody a feeling positive or negative, their perception of reality changes. Human behavior can become extraordinarily predictable if you can give them the right feelings. The reason that the most powerful words that any human can hear is that human beings don't live in reality. We live in a very well-crafted illusion or hologram of reality. We're creating this holographic representation of the world, and the way it's supposed to be. So our nervous system is looking for sameness or difference where we orient. Every human being is built on moving through the world looking to be accepted. So when you start speaking the echo technique, you are indirectly, covertly stimulating that deep level of how their world of what constitutes what's right and desirable, and the way the world is supposed to be. The echo technique is the way human beings are actually programmed by nature and evolution to want to be communicated with, it gives them all the feelings and all the perceptions about themselves in the world in you that they've always wanted to have. Episode Timeline: [02:19] Would you like to be 30% better at everything? [04:50] Webinar Disclaimer [06:28] Dr. Snyder's Promise [13:20] Who is Dr. David Snyder? [16:25] What do all of Dr. Snyder's credentials have in common? [19:03] What you need to understand about humans [22:34] The Secret backdoor to the human nervous system [23:51] The Spotlight Effect [25:47] Fractionation [27:33] What is the Echo Technique? [31:12] Hierarchy of Beliefs [33:53] How to do the Echo Technique and why you should do it [39:54] Understanding the principles of the Echo Technique [42:07] How Dr. Snyder used the Echo Technique [46:43] Does the Echo Technique work on narcissistic people? [50:18] The Loss Aversion Theory [54:00] The Emotional Bonding Checklist

Advanced seducers know one thing that regular guys don’t – their uncanny ability to generate sexual tension without using routines and techniques. Here’s Sexual Tension 102 for you… if you’re ready to up your game. For the legendary Fractionation masterclass go to https://fractionationhypnosis.com/

Mind control beats pickup tricks, all day every day. Learn these three mind control seduction tricks and be unstoppable! For the legendary Fractionation masterclass go to https://fractionationhypnosis.com/

How to seduce an older woman? Learn the Cougar Trapper Method and you’ll get a taste of the wonderful of sensual cougars! For the legendary Fractionation masterclass go to https://fractionationhypnosis.com/

It’s weird but it’s true, all women are aroused by this “E” Factor. What is the E-Factor? Listen to this podcast to find out. For the legendary Fractionation masterclass go to https://fractionationhypnosis.com/

The Monomyth is the ultimate story structure-there’s a reason why our myths can last generations. Learn how to use the same storytelling structure to seduce women! For the legendary Fractionation masterclass go to https://fractionationhypnosis.com/

What’s the ultimate pickup line if there is one? It’s Shogun Method’s very own LMG Mind Reader, of course. Find out what it is in this podcast! For the legendary Fractionation masterclass go to https://fractionationhypnosis.com/

What is sexual chemistry? How do you know it if you have it with a woman? Learn Shogun Method’s legendary Sexual Chemistry Radar – and find out in a few seconds if you have sexual chemistry with the woman you want to seduce. Easy! For the legendary Fractionation masterclass go to https://fractionationhypnosis.com/

For more information, contact us at 859-721-1414 or myhealth@prevmedheartrisk.com. Also, check out the following resources:  ·Jubilee website·PrevMed's website·PrevMed's YouTube channel·PrevMed's Facebook page·PrevMed's Instagram·PrevMed's LinkedIn·PrevMed's Twitter ·PrevMed's Pinterest

Expert: Icro Meattini, Florence University, Florence, Italy

They don’t want you to have this knowledge-find out why. Watch this video… it will open your eyes to the truth about love and relationships. Go here for the legendary Fractionation Masterclass – https://fractionationhypnosis.com/

Our inaugural podcast is a discussion between Dr. Paul Thompson, Chief of Cardiology, Emeritus, at Hartford Hospital and Professor of Medicine, Emeritus, at University of Connecticut and Dr. Thomas Nero, Director of Cardiovascular Research at CAFC about coronary artery disease, lipid sub-fractionation and the role of lipoprotein a, aka Lp(a).

Here’s why guys fail with women: ZERO EMOTIONAL CONNECTION. It’s easy to get a woman to feel emotionally connected with you… if you know this one simple trick. For the legendary Fractionation masterclass go to https://fractionationhypnosis.com/

How to get a girl’s attention? Three words: SPICY PORK CRACKLINGS. Weird, right? And yet, it works. Listen to this podcast. For the legendary Fractionation masterclass go to https://fractionationhypnosis.com/

Learn how to be sexy to women… via emotional elicitation! Learn how storytelling can “hack” into a woman’s mind and make her think you’re the sexiest man in the world. For the legendary Fractionation masterclass go to https://fractionationhypnosis.com/

Do you know how to be the most attractive man in the world? It’s the “W2” Archetype. Learn how to make her imagine YOU to be the most attractive man in the world… it’s all in this podcast. For the legendary Fractionation masterclass go to https://fractionationhypnosis.com/

It’s true – the easiest way to make a woman like you is to IGNORE her. Works especially well especially on beautiful women! Learn how to do it the right way (most guys do it the WRONG way) with Shogun Method’s LB-RP technique. For the legendary Fractionation masterclass go to https://fractionationhypnosis.com/

Warning: if you text a girl wrongly, her attraction to you will plummet almost immediately. Learn how to text a girl you like the RIGHT way. Use the HALVING HACK! For the legendary Fractionation masterclass go to https://fractionationhypnosis.com/

Is Fractionation Texting possible? You may have heard of the technique from Shogun Method. You might well know Fractionation's power in making women addicted to you. And now you’re wondering if you can make it work remotely, such as over text. Well, guess what? You absolutely can—but only if you do it right.

What is isotope fractionation? How is it used? 7 min Pandemics & Pathogens Past & Present Podcastchemsmith1@gmail.comFacebookTwitter @chemsmithInstagram @timcsmith1961 Direct Link to episode

Why should anyone say no to Shogun Method (https://shogunmethod.com)? Well, here are four reasons. Oh, and it's made as a joke if there are people who don't get it. I like Shogun Method, although I don't think it's for everyone. If anything, those who are considering buying Shogun Method should first join the free Fractionation […]

Day 9 of the Dog Days of Podcasting, where other podcasters and I attempt to do an episode every day in August. The topic this year is isotopes. Find out more at dogdaysofpodcasting.com. Email: chemsmith1 @ gmail

Day 9 of the Dog Days of Podcasting, where other podcasters and I attempt to do an episode every day in August.  The topic this year is isotopes. Find out more at dogdaysofpodcasting.com.     Email: chemsmith1 @ gmail

Do you want to know how to keep a woman interested in you? The key is to be UNPREDICTABLE with her – so that she keeps guessing about your intentions. And the best way to do this is to use this nifty Mind Control technique known as Fractionation.

What is “hypnotic Fractionation”? If Fractionation is a hypnotic technique, then how is it used to make a man better in love and relationships? Fractionation was a little-known hypnosis technique until it was brought to the mainstream by Derek Rake inside Shogun Method. With Fractionation, a man can tap into a woman's emotional needs so […]

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Want to learn how to use Fractionation on a married woman? If you’ve been my subscriber for a while, then you’re probably familiar with the big “F” technique. Fractionation is one of the most powerful Mind Control Attraction tools a man can ever have in the dating game. And that leads us to today's question: […]

Want to learn how to use Fractionation on your wife? Yes? When you’re married, the rules are different. You can't and shouldn't use Fractionation on her like you would on a stranger. Why not? It's all because the “stereotypical” use of Fractionation is to make a woman feel ADDICTED to you. However, in this case, […]

Want to learn how to use Fractionation on your girlfriend? Yes? Yes, it's possible – although you'll need to adjust your approach a little bit. After all, your goals for Fractionation will be different this time around. The playing field looks a whole lot different when she's ALREADY your girlfriend. Get the best training in […]

Fractionation in Psychology. Is it for real? Is it really NOT pseudoscience? The answer to both questions is “yes,” as this podcast will show you. Fractionation is perhaps the most powerful Mind Control technique that ever existed. Its power comes from a number of scientifically-established facts about the human brain. It's true! Get the best […]

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.26.315150v1?rss=1 Authors: Ng, W. Abstract: Mass balance analysis is a highly useful tool for chemical engineering analysis of biological processes. Specifically, composition and amounts of inputs to a cell could be correlated with measurement of metabolic byproducts and outputs for inferring metabolic fluxes flowing through specific cellular metabolic pathways. However, the composition of many common microbiological growth medium remains ill-defined with batch-to-batch variation. Thus, a need exists for developing methods for effective fractionation and separation of common growth medium. Using 5 g/L yeast extract, 10 g/L tryptone, and LB Lennox medium as model systems, this work attempted the fractionation of the three complex growth mixtures using C-18 reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Results revealed no effective fractionation of the three mixtures. More importantly, experiment results indicated that appropriate choice of detection wavelength for visualizing the chromatogram made a huge difference to understanding the effectiveness of fractionation achieved. Specifically, in the case of yeast extract, tryptone and LB Lennox medium, 194 nm may be a more appropriate detection wavelength compared to 280 nm. Collectively, C-18 RP-HPLC was not effective in separating 5 g/L yeast extract, 10 g/L tryptone and LB Lennox medium with hydrophilic mobile phases (ethanol/water mixture). Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

In this podcast, we speak to Dr Robert Griffin, author of a recent BJR Review on "History and current perspectives on the biological effects of high-dose spatial fractionation and high dose-rate approaches: GRID, Microbeam & FLASH radiotherapy"

In this weeks episode we focus on the processes of Cell Fractionation and Ultracentrifugation as another way of studying cellsFind us on the internet!Our website - Teachmescience.co.ukEmail - teachmebiologycast@gmail.comTwitter - twitter.com/teachmebiocastInstagram - @teachmebiologycast

    When you consider that change happens at the speed of thought, you may begin to wonder if you need to use long, drawn-out inductions or whether you can motivate change through the induction itself. Can you use an instant induction? How do you layer multiple inductions in quick succession to consistently help your clients enter a more reliable hypnosis state for change?   Watch the Dave Elman 3-Minute Routine: https://youtu.be/P2al9-J4B0w   Get the podcast resources here: https://WorkSmartHypnosis.com/elmanchange/   Today, I unpack the Dave Elman Induction for Change, revealing the story behind it, how it works, and how you can use it to create change. I share how a phenomenon in hypnosis called fractionation, a rising and falling of energy, can be used to deepen hypnotic states so your clients become profound hypnotic subjects. I share the six steps of the Dave Elman Induction and break down each step. I also share three customizations of the induction for use with smoking cessation, weight loss, and fear of public speaking.   There are no resistant clients - only inflexible hypnotists.” - Jason Linett   Creating a temporary opening where you can make things different than they were before Weakening or strengthening the suggestions you do and don't want to happen How to layer multiple inductions on top of each other through pyramiding The two ends of catalepsy How to create amnesia through suggestion The Dave Elman Induction customized for smoking cessation, weight loss, and public speaking     The Six Steps of the Dave Elman Induction for Change:   Catalepsy of a small group of muscles to bypass the critical factor of the conscious mind A brief deepening process to prepare for fractionation Fractionation through pyramiding Catalepsy of a large group of muscles Amnesia by suggestion Deepening throughout     Resources Mentioned:   Suggestive Therapeutics By Hippolyte Bernheim Dave Elman Hypnosis Institute Session #169 – Troubleshooting the Dave Elman Induction Sean Michael Andrews Melissa Tiers: Integrative Hypnosis   Get an all-access pass to Jason's digital library to help you grow your hypnosis business: HypnoticBusinessSystems.com   Get instant access to Jason Linett's entire hypnotherapeutic training library: HypnoticWorkers.com   If you enjoyed today's episode, please send us your valuable feedback! WorkSmartHypnosis.com/itunes https://www.facebook.com/worksmarthypnosis/  

    When you consider that change happens at the speed of thought, you may begin to wonder if you need to use long, drawn-out inductions or whether you can motivate change through the induction itself. Can you use an instant induction? How do you layer multiple inductions in quick succession to consistently help your clients enter a more reliable hypnosis state for change?   Watch the Dave Elman 3-Minute Routine: https://youtu.be/P2al9-J4B0w   Get the podcast resources here: https://WorkSmartHypnosis.com/elmanchange/   Today, I unpack the Dave Elman Induction for Change, revealing the story behind it, how it works, and how you can use it to create change. I share how a phenomenon in hypnosis called fractionation, a rising and falling of energy, can be used to deepen hypnotic states so your clients become profound hypnotic subjects. I share the six steps of the Dave Elman Induction and break down each step. I also share three customizations of the induction for use with smoking cessation, weight loss, and fear of public speaking.   There are no resistant clients - only inflexible hypnotists.” - Jason Linett   Creating a temporary opening where you can make things different than they were before Weakening or strengthening the suggestions you do and don't want to happen How to layer multiple inductions on top of each other through pyramiding The two ends of catalepsy How to create amnesia through suggestion The Dave Elman Induction customized for smoking cessation, weight loss, and public speaking     The Six Steps of the Dave Elman Induction for Change:   Catalepsy of a small group of muscles to bypass the critical factor of the conscious mind A brief deepening process to prepare for fractionation Fractionation through pyramiding Catalepsy of a large group of muscles Amnesia by suggestion Deepening throughout     Resources Mentioned:   Suggestive Therapeutics By Hippolyte Bernheim Dave Elman Hypnosis Institute Session #169 – Troubleshooting the Dave Elman Induction Sean Michael Andrews Melissa Tiers: Integrative Hypnosis   Get an all-access pass to Jason's digital library to help you grow your hypnosis business: HypnoticBusinessSystems.com   Get instant access to Jason Linett's entire hypnotherapeutic training library: HypnoticWorkers.com   If you enjoyed today's episode, please send us your valuable feedback! WorkSmartHypnosis.com/itunes https://www.facebook.com/worksmarthypnosis/  

    When you consider that change happens at the speed of thought, you may begin to wonder if you need to use long, drawn-out inductions or whether you can motivate change through the induction itself. Can you use an instant induction? How do you layer multiple inductions in quick succession to consistently help your clients enter a more reliable hypnosis state for change?   Watch the Dave Elman 3-Minute Routine: https://youtu.be/P2al9-J4B0w   Get the podcast resources here: https://WorkSmartHypnosis.com/elmanchange/   Today, I unpack the Dave Elman Induction for Change, revealing the story behind it, how it works, and how you can use it to create change. I share how a phenomenon in hypnosis called fractionation, a rising and falling of energy, can be used to deepen hypnotic states so your clients become profound hypnotic subjects. I share the six steps of the Dave Elman Induction and break down each step. I also share three customizations of the induction for use with smoking cessation, weight loss, and fear of public speaking.   There are no resistant clients - only inflexible hypnotists.” - Jason Linett   Creating a temporary opening where you can make things different than they were before Weakening or strengthening the suggestions you do and don’t want to happen How to layer multiple inductions on top of each other through pyramiding The two ends of catalepsy How to create amnesia through suggestion The Dave Elman Induction customized for smoking cessation, weight loss, and public speaking     The Six Steps of the Dave Elman Induction for Change:   Catalepsy of a small group of muscles to bypass the critical factor of the conscious mind A brief deepening process to prepare for fractionation Fractionation through pyramiding Catalepsy of a large group of muscles Amnesia by suggestion Deepening throughout     Resources Mentioned:   Suggestive Therapeutics By Hippolyte Bernheim Dave Elman Hypnosis Institute Session #169 – Troubleshooting the Dave Elman Induction Sean Michael Andrews Melissa Tiers: Integrative Hypnosis   Get an all-access pass to Jason’s digital library to help you grow your hypnosis business: HypnoticBusinessSystems.com   Get instant access to Jason Linett’s entire hypnotherapeutic training library: HypnoticWorkers.com   If you enjoyed today’s episode, please send us your valuable feedback! WorkSmartHypnosis.com/itunes https://www.facebook.com/worksmarthypnosis/  

How do you get the intensity of 20 minutes down to 60 seconds? What are the elements that make up a scene, and how do you take advantage of the quickness rather than have it be limiting? Let's break down hypnotic quickies and express our love for one of our favorite types of scenes. Keep an eye on or contact @dommesticpet​ on tumblr (http://dommesticpet.tumblr.com) for information about the Hypnosis Event Pins we are mentioning! Watch Entranced spaces! The listener question for this episode is: "What makes a quickie good for you? What are the elements you want or need?" Listen to a free clip from our sexy After Hours trance for this episode here! Hot brainwashing. Hot noises. Fractionation. cc going away, deeply, and absolutely. What more can I ask for? Support us on Patreon to get access to more explicit content. Buy us a shot on Ko-Fi and get mentioned on the show! Join the party with us on Discord! Learn about advertising your stuff with us!

dommestic approached me on Tumblr and mentioned that we should do a podcast on fractionation, and we thought it was a fabulous idea, so here we go! We discuss what fractionation is, ways to use it, and some fun things we have done with it specifically! Original airdate: 5/5/17 Support us on Patreon to get access to sexy extra content like our more explicit After Hours trances at https://www.patreon.com/twohypchicks

Dr Catton meets with ecancertv at ASCO 2016 to discuss the impact of hypo-fractionation of radiotherapy to treat intermediate risk prostate cancer. In doubling the regularity of radiotherapy treatments to a 4 week course, opposed to the conventional 8 week course, Dr Catton reports no impact on patient mortality. He discusses the manageability of intensified treatment, and how it affects patients time, toxicity and quality of life.

Welcome to Episode 61 of Brain Software with Mike Mandel and Chris Thompson! The hypnotic storm that we caused is still raging! For more information on how to ride the hypnotic storm, rather than being swept away by it, check out the Mike Mandel Hypnosis Academy and join the growing cadre of Hypnotic Storm Riders, worldwide! Here are the show notes for this episode: Mike has been oil pulling! He has the gums of a man half his age… Vegas is approaching! Mike and Chris will be in “Lost Wages Nevada” for Hypnothoughts Live! No doctorates in clinical hypnosis! Just scam organizations… People get angry when forcibly educated Hypnotic illiteracy is everywhere. No apology! Critical Faculty vs. Critical Factor! Does it matter? Yes. The November 2015 Architecture of Hypnosis class had 8 spots left when we recorded the podcast but is now sold out, but get on the waiting list in case someone cancels or for early bird notification of the next class in May 2016. The double-bind of forcing people to repent or keep saying it incorrectly! Find another teacher? Hyperbole! Lighten up folks! Mike uses “agave” instead of “argument” Mike institutes the Bag of Pykthos Award! Mike taken to task? NOT! Somnambulism is the working state of hypnosis. No light trances please! Fractionation, not refractionation, or fractionalizationalism! Dave Elman’s brilliant extrapolation on Bernheim’s work Looking forward to meeting the Elmans in Las Vegas Heteroaction vs Homoaction (It was Weitzenhoffer, Mike didn’t make it up) Suggestibility tests are purely to build heteroaction Storm Rider Justin and the stuck candle holder Convincers are not suggestibility tests! Convincers ratify trance. “You can’t see what you’re not looking for…” – Derek Balmer Calibrate and notice shifts happening…it makes your work easier. Utilization vs Incorporation Catalepsy is concomitant with trance. Eyes don’t get stuck together! Hypnotic phenomena occur naturally, without being suggested Calibration – That which most hypnotists fail to do… Blanket Release is the idea that test or entertainment suggestions are always removed Empowering question: Which area of your hypnotic knowledge is the weakest, and what are you doing to fix that? Wacky ending: Lady Melbury brought to Completion…  

NCIC SC.20 demonstrates that a second course of radiation for painful osseous metastases significantly improves patients quality of life and function.

HYPNOTIC TELEPORTATION! Sandra's mind gets blown with stories from newbie practitioners Gavin & Tish, plus expert Mark Wiseman sticks around to chime in! TOPICS: Hypnotyping, Sub Safety, Chair Malfunctions,Word Choice,  Hypno-Friend-With-Benefits, Fractionation, Mutual Induction, Shrooms, Driving Metaphor, Beginner’s Luck, Post-Hypnotic Suggestions, Breast Play, Pleasure Training, Cylon, The Fermata, Time Control Fantasy, Mind Frack, Placebo Effect, NLP, and Brain Scanning Science!

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of high dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy (HDR-BT) for the treatment of centrally located lung tumors, two different fractionation schedules were compared regarding local tumor response, side effects and survival. Mature retrospective results with longer follow-up and more patients were analyzed. Initial results were published by Huber et al. in 1995. Methods and materials: 142 patients with advanced, centrally located malignant tumors with preferential endoluminal growth were randomized to receive 4 fractions of 3.8 Gy (time interval: 1 week, n = 60, group I) or 2 fractions of 7.2 Gy (time interval: 3 weeks, n = 82, group II) endobronchial HDR-BT. Age, gender, tumor stage, Karnofsky Performance Score and histology were equally distributed between both groups. Results: Local tumor response with 2 fractions of 7.2 Gy was significantly higher as compared to 4 fractions of 3.8 Gy (median 12 vs. 6 weeks; p

The resolution of two current problems in the history of the solar system and in the history of the ancient earth may depend upon a small isotopic effect in the spectra of carbon monoxide and of sulfur dioxide, respectively.

Fractionated space systems offer a radically new approach to designing, building, testing, launching, operating, maintaining, and evolving spacecraft. Fractionation is the process whereby a satellite is decomposed into a cluster of wirelessly networked smaller spacecraft. This cluster creates a "virtual satellite" that is fundamentally more flexible and robust than its monolithic counterpart. In 2007 the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) began a program known as System F6 that will attempt to design, build, and launch the very first fractionated space system. Dr. Owen Brown, creator of the concept, and the Program Manager of F6, will explain the technical challenges, approach, and the potential implications of F6 on future space architectures.

Transcript -- Simulating a magma chamber in a laboratory to show how the process of Crystal Fractionation works.

Simulating a magma chamber in a laboratory to show how the process of Crystal Fractionation works.

Transcript -- Simulating a magma chamber in a laboratory to show how the process of Crystal Fractionation works.

Simulating a magma chamber in a laboratory to show how the process of Crystal Fractionation works.

Lecture 04: How to use subcellular fractionation and other techniques to study complex cellular processes and molecules.

Due to enormous progress in recombinant DNA techniques and methodology, a multitude of biosynthetic, pharmaceutically relevant polypeptides and proteins became available in the past decade and have been employed in numerous pharmaceutical products. Concomitantly, substantial progress was made in pharmaceutical formulation development of peptides and proteins, inasmuch as many challenges in formulating these compounds in products with optimal therapeutic effects and shelf life were successfully approached. Additionally, new drug delivery systems – e.g., based on polymeric materials – will most likely enlarge the spectrum of future proteinic dosage forms, where today solutions and lyophilized products take center stage. Yet, due to the proneness of proteins to degradation - what can affect pharmaceutical relevant features such as biological activity and immunogenicity -, scrutinizing the homogeneity of protein formulations is of utmost importance. Hence, the development and implementation of new analytical techniques in order to keep pace is highly desired. It was the aim of this thesis to evaluate the applicability of asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (AF4) in pharmaceutical protein analytics, to compare AF4 performance with established state-of-the-art methods and to reveal the effectivity of inherent AF4 characteristics in demanding analytical tasks. The Theoretical Section encompasses Chapter 2, wherein the family of field-flow fractionation techniques is introduced, as well as Chapter 3 (attending to protein aggregation) and Chapter 4, which provides an insight into multi-angle light scattering. The Theoretical Section is summarized in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 attends to the general applicability of (semi-)chromatographic AF4 in protein analysis. The correlation of cross flow progression with increased resolution was exemplified by the separation of human serum albumin (HSA), thereby rendering the (base-line) separation of HSA specimen into monomer, dimer, trimer and tetramer possible. Due to the AF4 feature to discretionarily alter the resolution power within one separation run, the fractionation of higherorder aggregates and insoluble, precipitated protein was successfully performed. System variables and parameters of fractionation were investigated, revealing that sample loads differing more than two orders of magnitude did not negatively affect data reproducibility. Whereas up to now cross flow intensity was deemed to predominantly account for contingent sample loss during AF4 experiments, analysis of proteins with varying hydrophilicity proved the preceding focusing step to contribute notably for that phenomenon. How to overcome potential drawbacks such as sample-membrane interactions by adequate choice of the ultrafiltration membrane as well as carrier liquid composition was illustrated. Chapter 11. Summary, conclusions and prospective 177 Given the background that effective AF4 fractionations are due to differences in analyte size – i.e., in diffusion coefficients -, the separation of equal-sized proteins is prima facie considered to be impractical. Yet, the retaining impact of sample-membrane interaction was evidenced to decrease the effective diffusion coefficient, resulting in successful fractionations of proteins differing ~1% in size (i.e., G-CSF, 19.6 kDa versus IFN-α2a, 19.4 kDa). In this realm, the normal mode elution order of smaller analytes eluting prior to larger ones was shown to be invertible, exemplified by the elution of a 40 kDa analyte prior to IFN-α2a. AF4 potency in analysis of insoluble high molecular weight (hmw) aggregates was compared with data derived by established methods such as light obscuration and Coulter technique, verifying the competitiveness of AF4. A comparative study of AF4 with size exclusion chromatography (SE-HPLC) unveiled SE-HPLC to inhere higher recovery rates and AF4 to exhibit greater resolution. Coupling both techniques with multi-angle light scattering (MALS) detection systems disclosed SE-HPLC to induce artifacts concerning hmw aggregate quantification. Moreover, in contrast to SE-HPLC, AF4 was capable of seizing undissolved and precipitated protein specimen, thus making AF4 a promising alternative in the analysis of protein pharmaceuticals. AF4´s ability to separate undissolved sample components proved to be an indispensable feature in the analysis of a pharmaceutical protein formulated within siliconized disposable syringes, which was attended to in Chapter 7. During long-term storage, visible particulate matter developed sporadically within the syringe volumes, raising the question of the particles´ origin. Since protein instabilities were not to be accounted for being the particle source – verified by several analytical methods -, silicone oil detachment and subsequent coalescence came into question, as the barrel siliconization process was lacking a final heat curing step. Thus, an AF4 application was developed, intending to separate μm sized silicone oil droplets. The task was approached by analysis of silicone oil emulsions, followed by the fractionation of ultrasoundstressed syringe volumes containing detached and coalesced silicone oil after stress exertion. Unambiguously, detached silicone oil was evidenced by AF4 to account for visible particulate matter in the syringe volumes, corroborated by MALS and refractive index detection as well as light microscopy and syringe frictional drag analysis. Subsequently to artificially induced protein aggregation of particle-containing syringe volumes, AF4 was able to separate silicone oil droplets, protein monomer and aggregates as individual fractions within one single run. Finally, AF4 enabled access to data on protein drug stability and insights into protein adsorption tendencies on coalesced silicone oil specimen – thereby providing valuable data which otherwise would have required a variety of various analytical techniques. Chapter 11. Summary, conclusions and prospective 178 In Chapter 8 the suitability of AF4 in overall-characterization of gelatin nanoparticles was explored. The efficacy of providing hmw gelatin bulk material by various desolvation steps was evaluated by SE-HPLC and AF4. Due to the absence of shear degradation phenomena, AF4 was demonstrated to enable more moderate separation conditions than SE-HPLC, verified by on-line determination of analyte molecular weight via MALS. Gelatin nanoparticles were characterized by means of AF4/MALS with respect to size and size distributions and the data were compared to results of photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Because of the precedent separation step via AF4, data derived by MALS revealed a greater veracity than PCS results, where the size assessment of nanoparticles relied on batch experiments. Whereas PCS attributed unloaded and DNA plasmid loaded nanoparticles virtually unimodal size distributions, both AF4/MALS and SEM demonstrated the nanoparticles to span a broad size range. Furthermore, loaded and unloaded nanoparticles were unveiled to exhibit only minimal differences in size, thus providing information on the interplay of nanoparticles and plasmid strands. For the first time, the separation of nanocolloidal drug carrier and designated pharmaceutical payload was established. Additionally to drug carrier characteristics, data on the loading efficacy could be yielded. Furthermore, nanoparticle shelf life stability and extent of potential drug decomplexation could be determined. Bearing in mind colloidal, polymer-based drug delivery carriers gaining increasing importance, that very AF4 application is expected to accommodate the demand for accurate analytics, as the pharmaceutical product can be characterized in both qualitative and quantitative terms. In Chapter 9 a case study of particulate matter analysis of a pharmaceutical antibody solution is presented, wherein individual vials of one production lot developed visible components at random during long-term storage. In order to (a) provide evidence on the presence of the contamination, (b) to attempt particulate entitiy quantification and (c) to elucidate particles´ nature, a multiplicity of analytical techniques were applied, encompassing particle counting (optical inspection, light obscuration, light microscopy), protein characterization techniques (SE-HPLC, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, AF4, microcalorimetry) and particle separation techniques (sterile filtration, AF4). Attempts to isolate the particulate components by AF4 or filtration techniques provided no further indications of the particle´s origin. Virtually no alterations in protein characteristics were monitored between contaminated and particle-free vial volumes, respectively. Solely, microcalorimetric data of contaminated vial volumes resembled those of immunoglobulin solutions exposed to heat stress prior to analytics. Consequently, protein instabilities were assumed not to cause the visible contamination. Chapter 11. Summary, conclusions and prospective 179 The topic of liquid protein parenterals, protein instability and particulate matter was completed by presenting a formulation process of an immunoglobulin into a liquid formulation in Chapter 10. Prevalent strategies and mainstream trends of liquid protein formulation were introduced by reviewing latest publications on the issue. Parameters revealing decisive influence on the protein´s long-term stability such as solution pH as well as type and concentration of excipients were evaluated by means of accelerated stability studies at various storage temperatures. Additionally, processing parameters, e.g., freeze/thawing, were assessed evaluating criteria in terms of surfactant and buffer choice. The addition of NaCl was shown to detract from protein stability and to facilitate the formation of particulate matter. Non-deleterious alternatives of salt additives were discovered. On the other hand, the addition of polyols such as mannitol and sorbitol was demonstrated to notably contribute to the immunoglobulin stability. Preferential accumulation at the native state protein was thought to be the mechanism for reducing aggregation phenomena of the protein. Besides, the extent of fragmentation was reduced by polyols, indicating a second pathway of stabilization, which was hypothesized to be hampering of oxidation processes. Due to detailed investigations, a proposal pertaining an optimal formulation could be made in the course of that case study. This thesis has shown that asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF) can effectively be used to monitor protein stability in a broad variety of pharmaceutical formulations. Especially in the characterization of the most common outcome of physical instability – i.e., protein aggregation – the potential of AF4 has comprehensively been demonstrated. Moreover, AF4 applications and separation tasks within pharmaceutical analytics considered hitherto impractical or at least highly challenging were successfully performed. Facing increasingly complex liquid- or colloidal-based formulations, with this knowledge practice and research in pharmaceutical analytics can take a notable step forward.

The SIRPs are a recently discovered family of glycoproteins comprising more than 30 members belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The two different structural subtypes, termed SIRP α and SIRP β, are distinguished by the presence or absence of a cytoplasmic domain, respectively. SIRP α1, the first member of the family to be purified, had been characterised as a negative regulator of signal transduction, and transformation assays had suggested that it also had tumour suppressive effects. Little or nothing is known about the possible function of either the other SIRP α homologues or the members of the SIRP β subtype. The Ig-like domains possessed in the extracellular domains of all SIRPs suggest they have binding partners outside the cell. Cell adhesion experiments using the extracellular domains of SIRP family members showed that SIRP α have adhesion molecule properties. This led to the identification of CD47 as one ligand for SIRP α, performed in collaboration with others21and confirmed here. Furthermore, these experiments suggested that SIRP α molecules have at least one further unknown ligand that is not CD47. The discovery that SIRP α was a cell adhesion molecule with a regulatory role in signal transduction was expanded by in vitro kinase experiments and experiments with inhibitors of tyrosine kinases. They showed that SIRP α associated with more than one kinase activity, and that cytosolic tyrosine kinases, probably of the srcfamily, were necessary for SIRP α to regulate tyrosine phosphorylation of a receptor. In contrast to SIRP α molecules, proteins belonging to the SIRP β subtype remain uncharacterised. Therefore a large part of this work concentrates on the SIRP β subtype, its associated proteins, localisation and possible function in a cell. In vitro association experiments revealed that SIRP β is part of a multiprotein complex at the cell membrane, where SIRP β1 interacted with DAP12, an adaptor protein with a transmembrane domain. DAP12 linked SIRP β to a cytosolic tyrosine kinase identified as Syk confirmed by western blot and PCR from cDNA preparations of the cell lines used in these experiments. The interaction of Syk with the complex required the tyrosine phosphorylation of DAP12. Coligating SIRP β molecules at the membrane with a SIRP β-specific monoclonal antibody recruited Syk to DAP12 where it could be activated by treatment with sodium pervanadate. In vitro kinase assays detected several unknown phosphorylated proteins associated with SIRP β/DAP12/Syk when Syk was activated that may represent signalling molecules operating downstream of the complex. Cotransfection experiments showed that SIRP α complexed with kinase activities that enabled it to inhibit both DAP12 tyrosine phosphorylation and Syk kinase activity. This suggested that both complexes at some point operated in close contact, so experiments were carried out to localise SIRP proteins in the cell. Fractionation experiments discovered that SIRP α and possibly SIRP β could be detected in fractions that contained GPI microdomains, or caveolae. Similar investigations with the SIRP β1/DAP12 complex revealed that DAP12 was dependent upon SIRP β for its direction to the plasma membrane where it was activated by tyrosine kinases. Membrane localisation of SIRP β was similarly reliant upon DAP12 expression, however, further experiments suggested that SIRP β may be secreted from the cell in the absence of DAP12. To address the potential role of SIRP β1/DAP12 complex in signal transduction, cell lines overexpressing SIRP β and DAP12 were analysed. Cell death assays suggested that the SIRP β1/DAP12 complex was a negative regulator of induced cell death, and that tyrosine kinases might be involved in this regulation. Cells overexpressing SIRP β and DAP12 showed an enhanced rate of acid production, corresponding to an enhanced rate of glucose metabolism. These observations suggests that, SIRP β1/DAP12 overexpression may be a factor that contributing to a transformed phenotype, works in opposition to SIRP α molecules. This work views the SIRPs as components of a cluster of different proteins at the cell membrane that recruit and use other cytosolic proteins, among them tyrosine kinases and phosphatases. It shows that SIRP α molecules may collaborate with SIRP β family members to modulate the signals generated by other receptors in signal transduction. This modulation may influence aberrant cellular processes that lead to disease.

he methanolic extract of the cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Spirulina geitleri has been treated with methanolic acid to convert all chlorophyllous pigments to their methylpheophorbides. Fractionation of the latter from methylpheophorbide a by thin layer chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography yielded methylpheophorbide-RCI. Its structure has been determined as 132S-hydroxy-20-chloro-methylpheophorbide a by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and by partial synthesis from chlorophyll a. The pigment is isolated from Spirulina geitleri irrespective of the use or omission of chlorinated substances during the isolation procedure.