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Last time we spoke about the Nanjing Massacre. Japanese forces breached Nanjing as Chinese defenders retreated under heavy bombardment, and the city fell on December 13. In the following weeks, civilians and disarmed soldiers endured systematic slaughter, mass executions, rapes, looting, and arson, with casualties mounting rapidly. Among the most brutal episodes were hundreds of executions near the Safety Zone, mass shootings along the Yangtze River, and killings at improvised sites and “killing fields.” The massacre involved tens of thousands of prisoners, with estimates up to 300,000 victims. Women and children were subjected to widespread rape, mutilation, and terror intended to crush morale and resistance. Although the Safety Zone saved many lives, it could not shield all refugees from harm, and looting and arson devastated large parts of the city. Foreign witnesses, missionaries, and diary entries documented the extensive brutality and the apparent premeditated nature of many acts, noting the collapse of discipline among troops and orders that shaped the violence.    #169 Nanjing has Fallen, the War is not Over Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. Directly after the fall of Nanjing, rumors circulated among the city's foreigners that Tang Shengzhi had been executed for his inability to hold the city against the Japanese onslaught. In fact, unlike many of his subordinates who fought in the defense, he survived. On December 12, he slipped through Yijiang Gate, where bullets from the 36th Division had claimed numerous victims, and sailed across the Yangtze to safety. Chiang Kai-shek protected him from bearing direct consequences for Nanjing's collapse. Tang was not unscathed, however. After the conquest of Nanjing, a dejected Tang met General Li Zongren at Xuzhou Railway Station. In a brief 20-minute conversation, Tang lamented, “Sir, Nanjing's fall has been unexpectedly rapid. How can I face the world?” Li, who had previously taunted Tang for over-eagerness, offered sympathy. “Don't be discouraged. Victory or defeat comes every day for the soldier. Our war of resistance is a long-term proposition. The loss of one city is not decisive.” By December 1937, the outlook for Chiang Kai-shek's regime remained bleak. Despite his public pledges, he had failed to defend the capital. Its sturdy walls, which had withstood earlier sieges, were breached in less than 100 hours. Foreign observers remained pessimistic about the prospects of continuing the fight against Japan. The New York Times wrote “The capture of Nanking was the most overwhelming defeat suffered by the Chinese and one of the most tragic military debacles in modern warfare. In defending Nanking, the Chinese allowed themselves to be surrounded and then slaughtered… The graveyard of tens of thousands of Chinese soldiers may also be the graveyard of all Chinese hopes of resisting conquest by Japan.” Foreign diplomats doubted Chiang's ability to sustain the war, shrinking the question to whether he would stubbornly continue a losing fight or seek peace. US Ambassador Nelson Johnson wrote in a letter to Admiral Yarnell, then commander of the US Asicatic Fleet “There is little left now for the Chinese to do except to carry on a desultory warfare in the country, or to negotiate for the best terms they can get”.  The Japanese, too, acted as if Chiang Kai-shek had already lost the war. They assumed the generalissimo was a spent force in Chinese politics as well, and that a gentle push would suffice to topple his regime like a house of cards. On December 14, Prime Minister Konoe announced that Chiang's losses of Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and now Nanjing, had created a new situation. “The National Government has become but a shadow of its former self. If a new Chinese regime emerged to replace Chiang's government, Japan would deal with it, provided it is a regime headed in the right direction.” Konoe spoke the same day as a Liaison Conference in Tokyo, where civilian and military leaders debated how to treat China now that it had been thoroughly beaten on the battlefield. Japanese demands had grown significantly: beyond recognizing Manchukuo, Japan pressed for the creation of pro-Japanese regimes in Inner Mongolia and the north China area. The same day, a puppet government was established in Japanese-occupied Beijing. While these demands aimed to end China as a unitary state, Japanese policy was moving toward the same goal. The transmissions of these demands via German diplomatic channels caused shock and consternation in Chinese government circles, and the Chinese engaged in what many regarded as stalling tactics. Even at this late stage, there was division among Japan's top decision makers. Tada, deputy chief of the Army General Staff, feared a protracted war in China and urged keeping negotiations alive. He faced strong opposition from the cabinet, including the foreign minister and the ministers of the army and navy, and ultimately he relented. Tada stated “In this state of emergency, it is necessary to avoid any political upheaval that might arise from a struggle between the Cabinet and the Army General Staff.” Although he disagreed, he no longer challenged the uncompromising stance toward China. On January 16, 1938, Japan publicly stated that it would “cease henceforth to deal with” Chiang Kai-shek. This was a line that could not be uncrossed. War was the only option. Germany, the mediator between China and Japan, also considered Chiang a losing bet. In late January 1938, von Dirksen, the German ambassador in Tokyo, urged a fundamental shift in German diplomacy and advocated abandoning China in favor of Japan. He warned that this was a matter of urgency, since Japan harbored grudges against Germany for its half-hearted peace efforts. In a report, von Dirksen wrote that Japan, “in her deep ill humor, will confront us with unpleasant decisions at an inopportune moment.” Von Dirksen's view carried the day in Berlin. Nazi Germany and Hirohito's Japan were on a trajectory that, within three years, would forge the Axis and place Berlin and Tokyo in the same camp in a conflict that would eventually span the globe. Rabe, who returned to Germany in 1938, found that his account of Japanese atrocities in Nanjing largely fell on deaf ears. He was even visited by the Gestapo, which apparently pressed him to keep quiet about what he had seen. Ambassador von Dirksen also argued in his January 1938 report that China should be abandoned because of its increasingly friendly ties with the Soviet Union. There was some merit to this claim. Soviet aid to China was substantial: by the end of 1937, 450 Soviet aviators were serving in China. Without them, Japan likely would have enjoyed air superiority. Chiang Kai-shek, it seemed, did not fully understand the Russians' motives. They were supplying aircraft and pilots to keep China in the war while keeping themselves out. After Nanjing's fall, Chiang nevertheless reached out to Joseph Stalin, inviting direct Soviet participation in the war. Stalin politely declined, noting that if the Soviet Union joined the conflict, “the world would say the Soviet Union was an aggressor, and sympathy for Japan around the world would immediately increase.” In a rare moment of candor a few months later, the Soviet deputy commissar for foreign affairs spoke with the French ambassador, describing the situation in China as “splendid.” He expected China to continue fighting for several more years, after which Japan would be too weakened to undertake major operations against the Soviet Union. It was clear that China was being used. Whatever the motive, China was receiving vital help from Stalin's Russia while the rest of the world stood on the sidelines, reluctant to upset Japan. Until Operation Barbarossa, when the Soviet Union was forced to the brink by the German Army and could no longer sustain extensive overseas aid, it supplied China with 904 planes, 1,516 trucks, 1,140 artillery pieces, 9,720 machine guns, 50,000 rifles, 31,600 bombs, and more. Despite all of this, all in all, China's position proved less disastrous than many observers had feared. Chinese officials later argued that the battle of Nanjing was not the unmitigated fiasco it appeared to be. Tang Shengzhi had this to say in his memoirs“I think the main purpose of defending Nanjing was to buy time, to allow troops that had just been pulled out of battle to rest and regroup. It wasn't simply because it was the capital or the site of Sun Yat-sen's mausoleum.” Tan Daoping, an officer in Nanjing, described the battle “as a moderate success because it drew the Japanese in land”. This of course was a strategy anticipated by interwar military thinker Jiang Baili. It also allowed dozens of Chinese divisions to escape Shanghai, since the Japanese forces that could have pursued them were tied down with the task of taking Nanjing. Tan Daoping wrote after the war “They erred in believing they could wage a quick war and decide victory immediately. Instead, their dream was shattered; parts of their forces were worn out, and they were hindered from achieving a swift end”. Even so, it was a steep price was paid in Chinese lives. As in Shanghai, the commanders in Nanjing thought they could fight on the basis of sheer willpower. Chinese officer Qin Guo Qi wrote in his memoirs “In modern war, you can't just rely on the spirit of the troops. You can't merely rely on physical courage and stamina. The battle of Nanjing explains that better than anything”. As for the Brigade commander of the 87th division, Chen Yiding, who emerged from Nanjing with only a few hundred survivors, was enraged. “During the five days of the battle for Nanjing, my superiors didn't see me even once. They didn't do their duty. They also did not explain the overall deployments in the Nanjing area. What's worse, they didn't give us any order to retreat. And afterwards I didn't hear of any commander being disciplined for failing to do his job.” Now back in November of 1937, Chiang Kai-shek had moved his command to the great trinity of Wuhan. For the Nationalists, Wuhan was a symbolically potent stronghold: three municipalities in one, Hankou, Wuchang, and Hanyang. They had all grown prosperous as gateways between coastal China and the interior. But the autumn disasters of 1937 thrust Wuhan into new prominence, and, a decade after it had ceased to be the temporary capital, it again became the seat of military command and resistance. Leading Nationalist politicians had been seen in the city in the months before the war, fueling suspicions that Wuhan would play a major role in any imminent conflict. By the end of the year, the generals and their staffs, along with most of the foreign embassies, had moved upriver. Yet as 1937 slipped into 1938, the Japanese advance seemed practically unstoppable. From the destruction of Shanghai, to the massacre in Nanjing, to the growing vulnerability of Wuhan, the NRA government appeared powerless against the onslaught.  Now the Japanese government faced several options: expanding the scope of the war to force China into submission, which would risk further depletion of Japan's military and economic resources; establishing an alternative regime in China as a bridge for reconciliation, thereby bypassing the Nationalist government for negotiations; and engaging in indirect or direct peace negotiations with the Nationalist Government, despite the failure of previous attempts, while still seeking new opportunities for negotiation. However, the Nanjing massacre did not compel the Chinese government and its people to submit. On January 2, Chiang Kai-shek wrote in his diary, “The conditions proposed by Japan are equivalent to the conquest and extinction of our country. Rather than submitting and perishing, it is better to perish in defeat,” choosing to refuse negotiations and continue resistance.  In January 1938 there was a new escalation of hostilities. Up to that point, Japan had not officially declared war, even during the Shanghai campaign and the Nanjing massacre. However on January 11, an Imperial Conference was held in Tokyo in the presence of Emperor Hirohito. Prime Minister Konoe outlined a “Fundamental Policy to deal with the China Incident.”The Imperial Conference was attended by Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe, Army Chief of Staff Prince Kan'in, Navy Minister Admiral Fushimi, and others to reassess its policy toward China. Citing the Nationalist Government's delay and lack of sincerity, the Japanese leadership decided to terminate Trautmann's mediation. At the conference, Japan articulated a dual strategy: if the Nationalist Government did not seek peace, Japan would no longer regard it as a viable negotiating partner, instead supporting emerging regimes, seeking to resolve issues through incidents, and aiming either to eliminate or incorporate the existing central government; if the Nationalist Government sought reconciliation, it would be required to cease resistance, cooperate with Japan against communism, and pursue economic cooperation, including officially recognizing Manchukuo and allowing Japanese troops in Inner Mongolia, North China, Central China, and co-governance of Shanghai. The Konoe cabinet relayed this proposal to the German ambassador in Japan on December 22, 1937: It called for: diplomatic recognition of Manchukuo; autonomy for Inner Mongolia; cessation of all anti-Japanese and anti-Manchukuo policies; cooperation between Japan, Manchukuo, and China against communism; war reparations; demilitarized zones in North China and Inner Mongolia; and a trade agreement among Japan, Manchukuo, and China.  Its terms were too severe, including reparations payable to Japan and new political arrangements that would formalize the separation of north China under Japanese control. Chiang's government would have seventy-two hours to accept; if they refused, Tokyo would no longer recognize the Nationalist government and would seek to destroy it.  On January 13, 1938, the Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Chonghui informed Germany that China needed a fuller understanding of the additional conditions for peace talks to make a decision. The January 15 deadline for accepting Japan's terms elapsed without Chinese acceptance. Six days after the deadline for a Chinese government reply, an Imperial Conference “Gozen Kaigi” was convened in Tokyo to consider how to handle Trautmann's mediation. The navy, seeing the war as essentially an army matter, offered no strong position; the army pressed for ending the war through diplomatic means, arguing that they faced a far more formidable Far Eastern Soviet threat at the northern Manchukuo border and wished to avoid protracted attrition warfare. Foreign Minister Kōki Hirota, however, strongly disagreed with the army, insisting there was no viable path to Trautmann's mediation given the vast gap between Chinese and Japanese positions. A second conference followed on January 15, 1938, attended by the empire's principal cabinet members and military leaders, but without the emperor's presence. The debate grew heated over whether to continue Trautmann's mediation. Hayao Tada, Deputy Chief of Army General Staff, argued for continuation, while Konoe, Hirota, Navy Minister Mitsumasa Yonai, and War Minister Hajime Sugiyama opposed him. Ultimately, Tada acceded to the position of Konoe and Hirota. On the same day, Konoe conveyed the cabinet's conclusion, termination of Trautmann's mediation, to the emperor. The Japanese government then issued a statement on January 16 declaring that it would no longer treat the Nationalist Government as a bargaining partner, signaling the establishment of a new Chinese regime that would cooperate with Japan and a realignment of bilateral relations. This became known as the first Konoe statement, through which Tokyo formally ended Trautmann's mediation attempt. The Chinese government was still weighing its response when, at noon on January 16, Konoe publicly declared, “Hereafter, the Imperial Government will not deal with the National Government.” In Japanese, this became the infamous aite ni sezu (“absolutely no dealing”). Over the following days, the Japanese government made it clear that this was a formal breach of relations, “stronger even than a declaration of war,” in the words of Foreign Minister Hirota Kōki. The Chinese ambassador to Japan, who had been in Tokyo for six months since hostilities began, was finally recalled. At the end of January, Chiang summoned a military conference and declared that the top strategic priority would be to defend the east-central Chinese city of Xuzhou, about 500 kilometers north of Wuhan. This decision, like the mobilization near Lugouqiao, was heavily influenced by the railway: Xuzhou sat at the midpoint of the Tianjin–Pukou Jinpu line, and its seizure would grant the Japanese mastery over north–south travel in central China. The Jinpu line also crossed the Longhai line, China's main cross-country artery from Lanzhou to the port of Lianyungang, north of Shanghai. The Japanese military command marked the Jinpu line as a target in spring 1938. Control over Xuzhou and the rail lines threading through it were thus seen as vital to the defense of Wuhan, which lay to the city's south. Chiang's defense strategy fit into a larger plan evolving since the 1920s, when the military thinker Jiang Baili had first proposed a long war against Japan; Jiang's foresight earned him a position as an adviser to Chiang in 1938. Jiang had previously run the Baoding military academy, a predecessor of the Whampoa academy, which had trained many of China's finest young officers in the early republic 1912–1922. Now, many of the generals who had trained under Jiang gathered in Wuhan and would play crucial roles in defending the city: Chen Cheng, Bai Chongxi, Tang Shengzhi, and Xue Yue. They remained loyal to Chiang but sought to avoid his tendency to micromanage every aspect of strategy.  Nobody could say with certainty whether Wuhan would endure the Japanese onslaught, and outsiders' predictions were gloomy. As Wuhan's inhabitants tasted their unexpected new freedoms, the Japanese pressed on with their conquest of central China. After taking Nanjing, the IJA 13th Division crossed the Yangtze River to the north and advanced to the Outang and Mingguang lines on the east bank of the Chihe River in Anhui Province, while the 2nd Army of the North China Front crossed the Yellow River to the south between Qingcheng and Jiyang in Shandong, occupied Jinan, and pressed toward Jining, Mengyin, and Qingdao. To open the Jinpu Railway and connect the northern and southern battlefields, the Japanese headquarters mobilized eight divisions, three brigades, and two detachments , totaling about 240,000 men. They were commanded by General Hata Shunroku, commander of the Central China Expeditionary Army, and Terauchi Hisaichi, commander of the North China Front Army. Their plan was a north–south advance: first seize Xuzhou, a strategic city in east China; then take Zhengzhou in the west along the Longhai Railway connecting Lanzhou and Lianyungang; and finally push toward Wuhan in the south along the Pinghan Railway connecting Beijing and Hankou. At the beginning of 1938, Japan's domestic mobilization and military reorganization had not yet been completed, and there was a shortage of troops to expand the front. At the Emperor's Imperial Conference on February 16, 1938, the General Staff Headquarters argued against launching operations before the summer of 1938, preferring to consolidate the front in 1938 and undertake a large-scale battle in 1939. Although the Northern China Expeditionary Force and the Central China Expeditionary Force proposed a plan to open the Jinpu Line to connect the northern and southern battlefields, the proposal was not approved by the domestic General Staff Headquarters. The Chinese army, commanded by Li Zongren, commander-in-chief of the Fifth War Zone, mobilized about 64 divisions and three brigades, totaling roughly 600,000 men. The main force was positioned north of Xuzhou to resist the southern Japanese advance, with a portion deployed along the southern Jinpu Railway to block the southern push and secure Xuzhou. Early in the campaign, Chiang Kai-shek redeployed the heavy artillery brigade originally promised to Han Fuju to Tang Enbo's forces. To preserve his strength, Shandong Provincial Governor Han Fuju abandoned the longstanding Yellow River defenses in Shandong, allowing the Japanese to capture the Shandong capital of Jinan in early March 1938. This defection opened the Jinpu Railway to attack. The Japanese 10th Division, under Rensuke Isogai, seized Tai'an, Jining, and Dawenkou, ultimately placing northern Shandong under Japanese control. The aim was to crush the Chinese between the two halves of a pincer movement. At Yixian and Huaiyuan, north of Xuzhou, both sides fought to the death: the Chinese could not drive back the Japanese, but the Japanese could not scatter the defenders either. At Linyi, about 50 kilometers northeast of Xuzhou, Zhang Zizhong, who had previously disgraced himself by abandoning an earlier battlefield—became a national hero for his determined efforts to stop the Japanese troops led by Itagaki Seishirō, the conqueror of Manchuria. The Japanese hoped that they could pour in as many as 400,000 troops to destroy the Chinese forces holding eastern and central China. Chiang Kai-shek was determined that this should not happen, recognizing that the fall of Xuzhou would place Wuhan in extreme danger. On April 1, 1938, he addressed Nationalist Party delegates, linking the defense of Wuhan to the fate of the party itself. He noted that although the Japanese had invaded seven provinces, they had only captured provincial capitals and main transport routes, while villages and towns off those routes remained unconquered. The Japanese, he argued, might muster more than half a million soldiers, but after eight or nine months of hard fighting they had become bogged down. Chiang asserted that as long as Guangzhou (Canton) remained in Chinese hands, it would be of little significance if the Japanese invaded Wuhan, since Guangzhou would keep China's sea links open and Guangdong, Sun Yat-sen's homeland, would serve as a revolutionary base area. If the “woren” Japanese “dwarfs” attacked Wuhan and Guangzhou, it would cost them dearly and threaten their control over the occupied zones. He reiterated his plan: “the base area for our war will not be in the zones east of the Beiping–Wuhan or Wuhan–Guangdong railway lines, but to their west.” For this reason he authorized withdrawing Chinese troops behind the railway lines. Chiang's speech mixed defiance with an explanation of why regrouping was necessary; it was a bold public posture in the face of a developing military disaster, yet it reflected the impossible balance he faced between signaling resolve and avoiding overcommitment of a city that might still fall. Holding Xuzhou as the first priority required Chiang Kai-shek to place a great deal of trust in one of his rivals: the southwestern general Li Zongren. The relationship between Chiang and Li would become one of the most ambivalent in wartime China. Li hailed from Guangxi, a province in southwestern China long regarded by the eastern heartland as half civilized. Its people had rarely felt fully part of the empire ruled from Beijing or even Nanjing, and early in the republic there was a strong push for regional autonomy. Li was part of a cohort of young officers trained in regional academies who sought to bring Guangxi under national control; he joined the Nationalist Party in 1923, the year Sun Yat-sen announced his alliance with the Soviets. Li was not a Baoding Academy graduate but had trained at Yunnan's equivalent institution, which shared similar views on military professionalism. He enthusiastically took part in the Northern Expedition (1926–1928) and played a crucial role in the National Revolutionary Army's ascent to control over much of north China. Yet after the Nanjing government took power, Li grew wary of Chiang's bid to centralize authority in his own person. In 1930 Li's so‑called “Guangxi clique” participated in the Central Plains War, the failed effort by militarist leaders to topple Chiang; although the plot failed, Li retreated to his southwest base, ready to challenge Chiang again. The occupation of Manchuria in 1931 reinforced Li's belief that a Japanese threat posed a greater danger than Chiang's centralization. The tension between the two men was evident from the outset of the war. On October 10, 1937, Chiang appointed Li commander of the Fifth War Zone; Li agreed on the condition that Chiang refrain from issuing shouling—personal commands—to Li's subordinates. Chiang complied, a sign of the value he placed on Li's leadership and the caution with which he treated Li and his Guangxi ally Bai Chongxi. As Chiang sought any possible victory amid retreat and destruction, he needed Li to deliver results. As part of the public-relations front, journalists were given access to commanders on the Xuzhou front. Li and his circle sought to shape their image as capable leaders to visiting reporters, with Du Zhongyuan among the most active observers. Du praised the “formidable southwestern general, Li Zongren,” calling him “elegant and refined” and “vastly magnanimous.” In language echoing the era's soldiers' public presentation, Du suggested that Li's forces operated under strict, even disciplined, orders “The most important point in the people's war is that . . . troops do not harass the people of the country. If the people are the water, the soldiers are the fish, and if you have fish with no water, inevitably they're going to choke; worse still is to use our water to nurture the enemy's fish — that really is incomparably stupid”.  Within the southern front, on January 26, 1938, the Japanese 13th Division attacked Fengyang and Bengbu in Anhui Province, while Li Pinxian, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the 5th War Zone, directed operations south of Xuzhou. The defending 31st Corps of the 11th Group Army, after resisting on the west bank of the Chi River, retreated to the west of Dingyuan and Fengyang. By February 3, the Japanese had captured Linhuai Pass and Bengbu. From the 9th to the 10th, the main force of the 13th Division forced a crossing of the Huai River at Bengbu and Linhuai Pass respectively, and began an offensive against the north bank. The 51st Corps, reorganized from the Central Plains Northeast Army and led by Commander Yu Xuezhong, engaged in fierce combat with the Japanese. Positions on both sides of the Huai shifted repeatedly, producing a riverine bloodbath through intense hand-to-hand fighting. After ten days of engagement, the Fifth War Zone, under Zhang Zizhong, commander of the 59th Army, rushed to the Guzhen area to reinforce the 51st Army, and the two forces stubbornly resisted the Japanese on the north bank of the Huai River. Meanwhile, on the south bank, the 48th Army of the 21st Group Army held the Luqiao area, while the 7th Army, in coordination with the 31st Army, executed a flanking attack on the flanks and rear of the Japanese forces in Dingyuan, compelling the main body of the 13th Division to redeploy to the north bank for support. Seizing the initiative, the 59th and 51st Armies launched a counteroffensive, reclaiming all positions north of the Huai River by early March. The 31st Army then moved from the south bank to the north, and the two sides faced across the river. Subsequently, the 51st and 59th Armies were ordered to reinforce the northern front, while the 31st Army continued to hold the Huai River to ensure that all Chinese forces covering the Battle of Xuzhou were safely withdrawn. Within the northern front, in late February, the Japanese Second Army began its southward push along multiple routes. The eastern axis saw the 5th Division moving south from Weixian present-day Weifang, in Shandong, capturing Yishui, Juxian, and Rizhao before pressing directly toward Linyi, as units of the Nationalist Third Corps' 40th Army and others mounted strenuous resistance. The 59th Army was ordered to reinforce and arrived on March 12 at the west bank of the Yi River in the northern suburbs of Linyi, joining the 40th Army in a counterattack that, after five days and nights of ferocious fighting, inflicted heavy losses on the Japanese and forced them to retreat toward Juxian. On the western route, the Seya Detachment (roughly a brigade) of the Japanese 10th Division crossed the Grand Canal from Jining and attacked Jiaxiang, meeting stiff resistance from the Third Army and being thwarted, while continuing to advance south along the Jinpu Railway. The Isogai Division, advancing on the northern route without awaiting help from the southeast and east, moved southward from Liangxiadian, south of Zouxian, on March 14, with the plan to strike Tengxian, present-day Tengzhou on March 15 and push south toward Xuzhou. The defending 22nd Army and the 41st Corps fought bravely and suffered heavy casualties in a hard battle that lasted until March 17, during which Wang Mingzhang, commander of the 122nd Division defending Teng County, was killed in action. Meanwhile, a separate Japanese thrust under Itagaki Seishirō landed on the Jiaodong Peninsula and occupied Qingdao, advancing along the Jiaoji Line to strike Linyi, a key military town in southern Shandong. Pang Bingxun's 40th Army engaged the invaders in fierce combat, and later, elements of Zhang Zizhong's 333rd Brigade of the 111th Division, reinforced by the 57th Army, joined Pang Bingxun's forces to launch a double-sided pincer that temporarily repelled the Japanese attack on Linyi. By late March 1938 a frightening reality loomed: the Japanese were close to prevailing on the Xuzhou front. The North China Area Army, commanded by Itagaki Seishirō, Nishio Toshizō, and Isogai Rensuke, was poised to link up with the Central China Expeditionary Force under Hata Shunroku in a united drive toward central China. Li Zongren, together with his senior lieutenants Bai Chongxi and Tang Enbo, decided to confront the invaders at Taierzhuang, the traditional stone-walled city that would become a focal point of their defense. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Nanjing falls after one of humanities worst atrocities. Chiang Kai-Shek's war command has been pushed to Wuhan, but the Japanese are not stopping their advance. Trautmann's mediation is over and now Japan has its sights on Xuzhou and its critical railway junctions. Japan does not realize it yet, but she is now entering a long war of attrition.

John is a Non-Resident Senior Fellow at the Atlantic Council and Co-founder of Spycraft Entertainment a production firm providing content to the entertainment industry. Spycraft Entertainment connects the worlds of Hollywood and intelligence. John is also a foreign policy and intelligence expert and social media influencer. His articles have been published in the New York Times, The Atlantic, The Washington Post, Politico, Foreign Affairs, Newsweek, Slate, Lawfare, and Just Security, among others. He regularly appears on the PBS NewsHour, CNN, NPR, MSNBC, BBC and speaks to corporate, academic and governmental groups.John retired in 2014 after a 28-year career in the Central Intelligence Agency's National Clandestine Service. At the time of his retirement, he was a member of the CIA's Senior Intelligence Service, the leadership team that guides CIA activities globally. John served multiple overseas tours as Chief of Station and Deputy Chief of Station in Europe, Russia, Asia, and in high-threat environments. He has significant experience working with foreign and domestic partners to solve national security challenges. John also served as a lead instructor in the CIA's clandestine training school and was a regular lecturer at the CIA's leadership development program. He is the recipient of the Distinguished Career Intelligence Medal.----------This is super important. There are so many Battalions in Ukraine, fighting to defend our freedoms, but lack basics such as vehicles. These are destroyed on a regular basis, and lack of transport is costs lives, and Ukrainian territory. Once again Silicon Curtain has teamed up with Car4Ukraine and a group of wonderful creators to provide much-needed assistance: https://car4ukraine.com/campaigns/autumn-harvest-silicon-curtainAutumn Harvest: Silicon Curtain (Goal€22,000)We'll be supporting troops in Pokrovsk, Kharkiv, and other regions where the trucks are needed the most. 93rd Brigade "Kholodnyi Yar", Black Raven Unmanned Systems Battalionhttps://car4ukraine.com/campaigns/autumn-harvest-silicon-curtain----------Partner on this video: KYIV OF MINE Watch the trailer now: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=arJUcE1rxY0'Kyiv of Mine' is a documentary series about Ukraine's beautiful capital, Kyiv. The film production began in 2018, and much has changed since then. It is now 2025, and this story is far from over.https://www.youtube.com/@UCz6UbVKfqutH-N7WXnC5Ykg https://www.kyivofmine.com/#theprojectKyiv of Mine is fast paced, beautifully filmed, humorous, fun, insightful, heartbreaking, moving, hopeful. The very antithesis in fact of a doom-laden and worthy wartime documentary. This is a work that is extraordinarily uplifting. My friend Operator Starsky says the film is “Made with so much love. The film series will make you laugh and cry.” ----------SUPPORT THE CHANNEL:https://www.buymeacoffee.com/siliconcurtainhttps://www.patreon.com/siliconcurtain----------SILICON CURTAIN LIVE EVENTS - FUNDRAISER CAMPAIGN Events in 2025 - Advocacy for a Ukrainian victory with Silicon Curtainhttps://buymeacoffee.com/siliconcurtain/extras----------TRUSTED CHARITIES ON THE GROUND:Save Ukrainehttps://www.saveukraineua.org/Superhumans - Hospital for war traumashttps://superhumans.com/en/UNBROKEN - Treatment. Prosthesis. Rehabilitation for Ukrainians in Ukrainehttps://unbroken.org.ua/Come Back Alivehttps://savelife.in.ua/en/Chefs For Ukraine - World Central Kitchenhttps://wck.org/relief/activation-chefs-for-ukraineUNITED24 - An initiative of President Zelenskyyhttps://u24.gov.ua/Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundationhttps://prytulafoundation.orgNGO “Herojam Slava”https://heroiamslava.org/kharpp - Reconstruction project supporting communities in Kharkiv and Przemyślhttps://kharpp.com/NOR DOG Animal Rescuehttps://www.nor-dog.org/home/----------

Christopher Covelli, Deputy Chief of the Court Security Division of the Lake County Sheriff's Department, joins Lisa Dent to discuss an 80-year-old woman from Green Oaks, Illinois, being scammed out of $17,000. Covelli notes that she was not the only victim of this PayPal-style scam in the Chicagoland area, adding that the two East Coast […]

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Before he was Deputy Chief, D.C. Dan was a patrol officer in a quiet small town. When he's called to a violent stabbing, he's confronted by disturbing details. What unfolds is a troubling case that ultimately sets DC Dan on the path to becoming a detective. Deputy Chief Dan started in Public Safety in 1996. He worked in the fire service, EMS, and 911 dispatch until he moved into law enforcement in 2007. Since then, D.C. Dan has worked as a Patrol Officer, Field Training Officer, narcotics detective, major crimes detective, patrol supervisor, patrol Lieutenant and currently as Deputy Police Chief.

Rachel sits down with Baroness Fall, former Deputy Chief of Staff to Prime Minister David Cameron, for an intimate and insightful conversation. She delves into Kate's unique journey from the heart of British politics to the House of Lords, exploring what it's really like behind the doors of Number 10. They discuss the pressures of power, the nuances of political loyalty, and the personal sacrifices that come with life in Westminster. Kate opens up about her time navigating historic events, managing high-stakes decision-making, and her reflections on leadership in turbulent times.

TPD Deputy Chief Mark Wollmershauser handles the uniform division and Special Ops. Wollmershauser talks about the fallout from Operation SAFE, the downtown curfew, and the new median ordinance.

Deputy Chief Shane Smith of Twin Falls, Idaho talks leading through adversity and how everything starts with humility. Strong leaders have the ability to reflect, have a servant's mindset, as well as practice mindfulness. Shane also dives into the importance of fire service instructors investing all 100% into the students, not wasting their time, and giving them what they paid for.

Erika Kirk spoke life and love at her husband's memorial service, announcing her resolve to forgive the man who killed her husband. Her leadership and inspiration drew the stadium of Christian folk to their feet as they wept and worshipped God with her.  Only moments between, these same people cheered as President Donald Trump and his Deputy Chief of Staff, Stephen Miller, spewed literal hatred and division.  The same crowd worshipped God and cheered on hatred at the same time.  Today's episode explores this moment and what it says about American Christianit Nationalists' complete loss of the plot of their own faith. 

In August 2024, LTG Brian Eifler stepped into the role of Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel of the Army. Drawing on 33 years of experience leading Soldiers, he has quickly launched initiatives to dramatically improve the lives of our fighting force. Join hosts LTG (Ret.) Leslie C. Smith and SMA (Ret.) Dan Dailey as they sit down with LTG Eifler to unpack the key lessons of his storied Army career, the critical focus areas of Soldier life he's tackling now, and the hilarious story of how he once forced a host to compete in a grueling Korean triathlon years ago. Guest: LTG Brian S. Eifler, Deputy Chief of Staff, G-1, U.S. Army Has a member of the Army positively changed your life? Now is your chance to thank them publicly with a shoutout via our Hooah Hotline and have it possibly appear on an upcoming episode of AUSA's Army Matters podcast! AUSA's Army Matters podcast can also be heard on Wreaths Across America Radio on Monday at 8 pm Eastern. You can find Wreaths Across America Radio on the iHeart Radio app, the Audacy app, and the TuneIn app. Search the word Wreath.  Donate: If you are interested in supporting AUSA's educational programs, such as this podcast, please visit www.ausa.org/donate. Feedback: How are we doing? Email us at podcast@ausa.org. Disclaimer: AUSA's Army Matters podcast primary purpose is to entertain. The podcast does not constitute advice or services. While guests are invited to listen, listeners please note that you are not being provided professional advice from the podcast or the guests. The views and opinions of our guests do not necessarily reflect the views of AUSA.

Imagine growing up in a small town in Sicily, dreaming of coming to America to open a restaurant, and surpassing all of your dreams? Chef Salvo Lo Castro did just that, where he began his culinary career at a young age in Sicily and now feeds the world from his NYC Soho restaurant, Casasalvo, considered a truly divine experience for the senses. Perhaps it's because Chef Salvo was formerly the lead chef at the Vatican for Popes John Paul II and Benedict XVI, and now, we can eat like kings, royalty, and the spiritual leaders, too, at his magnificent new eatery. I'm honored to welcome Chef Salvo to our show, sharing not only his experiences in the kitchen, but behind the scenes, too. He's cooked for the likes of Vadimir Putin, the Saudi Royal family, Muammar Gaddafi, Tom Cruise, Robert DeNiro and dozens of other world leaders, presidents, and celebrities. In fact, he's quoted as saying that after a meal, some high-profile guests will surprise him in the kitchen and thank him for a meal well served. Imagine! We'll talk about Chef Salvo's start in the culinary world, and how he ended up cooking at the Vatican after working around the world at top hotels and five-star Michelin restaurants. He says he does not get star-struck, because to him, every guest is treated like family. And no doubt, that's been part of his incredible success, along with his hand-crafted pastas and sauces. Chef Salvo says his ingredients are all fresh or from specialty farms with tradition in mind. He says he combines tradition with taste, and creativity with authenticity. Among his favorite dishes? His mother's meatballs, a recipe he cooks up to this day. For Chef Salvo, owning a restaurant in N.Y. is a dream come true. He first opened three espresso bars in the City which he still checks on each morning before riding down to his restaurant in Soho on his Vespa. He spends 18-hours a day there, which he calls home and his patrons invited guests. No doubt part of his success. We're thrilled to welcome Chef Salvo into our home, particularly with Italian History Month upon us. Please find my full interview with him on all video and audio platforms of #LittleItalyPodcast, #LittleItalyOfLAPodcast, and #DeborahKobyltLIVE, and invite your friends, too. I'm your host, #DeborahZaraKobylt, and it's my pleasure to welcome you here. @realchefsalvolocastro @casasalvonyc @casasalvorestaurant #italianfood #italianchef #italianamerican #littleItaly

In this episode of The Andrew Parker Show, Andrew welcomes back Paul Anderson—former Minnesota State Senator and Deputy Chief of Staff to Governor Tim Pawlenty—for a candid conversation about the future of Minnesota, the nation, and the values that define us.Together, they tackle pressing issues:The tragic assassination of Charlie Kirk and what it reveals about spiritual warfare, free speech, and the erosion of civil society.The state of law and order, from local crime to international terrorism, and why Israel's fight is tied to America's survival.The breakdown of education and how propaganda and revisionist history are shaping generations.The coming battle in Minnesota politics, “Walz fatigue,” and what it will take for Republicans to compete statewide.From Reagan's warnings about freedom to today's stark divisions, this episode lays out what's at stake for Minnesota, America, and the Judeo-Christian values that underpin Western democracy. Listen, reflect, and join the conversation.Support the showThe Andrew Parker Show - Politics, Israel & The Law. Follow us on Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube and X. Subscribe to our email list at www.theandrewparkershow.com Copyright © 2025 The Andrew Parker Show - All Rights Reserved.

In this episode of the Matriarch Movement podcast, host Shayla Oulette Stonechild speaks with the Honourable Mandy Gault-Masty, Canada's first Indigenous Minister of Indigenous Services. They discuss the importance of Indigenous leadership, the role of Indigenous Services Canada, and the challenges faced by Indigenous communities. The minister shares her personal journey to leadership, the significance of matriarchs in her life, and the need for holistic approaches to health and well-being for Indigenous women and girls. The conversation also touches on the vision for Indigenous futurism and the importance of representation in all aspects of society, including policy-making. She offers advice for Indigenous youth aspiring to enter politics highlighting the importance of community engagement. Ahead of National Day for Truth and Reconciliation, she discusses the need for healing, and the critical issues surrounding child welfare and Jordan's Principle.  More About Minister Gull-Masty The Honourable Mandy Gull-Masty, member of the Cree Nation of Waswanipi, was elected as the Member of Parliament for Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou on April 28, 2025. On May 13, 2025, she was appointed Minister of Indigenous Services, becoming the first Indigenous person to hold this role. Gull-Masty began her political career in 2014 when she was elected Deputy Chief of the Cree Nation of Waswanipi, where she held key portfolios including finance, housing, mining, and administration. In 2017, she later served as the Deputy Grand Chief of the Grand Council of the Crees (Eeyou Istchee)/Cree Nation Government, and in 2021, she made history as the first woman elected Grand Chief of the Grand Council of the Crees (Eeyou Istchee)/Cree Nation Government representing the Cree people in Northern Quebec. During her time as Grand Chief from 2021 to 2025, Minister Gull-Masty was recognized for her leadership in expanding protected lands, advancing moose conservation initiatives, revitalizing Cree language and culture, and promoting transparent governance and economic planning across the region and for promoting Indigenous women's leadership. As Minister of Indigenous Services, Gull Masty brings a wealth of experience in Indigenous governance, environmental stewardship, and community-led development. https://www.canada.ca/en/government/ministers/mandy-gull-masty.html  https://www.instagram.com/mandygullmastymp/ https://www.instagram.com/mandyingaround/  Thanks for checking out this episode of the Matriarch Movement podcast! If you enjoyed the conversation, please leave a comment and thumbs-up on YouTube, or leave a five star review on your favourite podcast app! Find Shayla Oulette Stonechild on Instagram: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/shayla0h/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Find more about Matriarch Movement at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://matriarchmovement.ca/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ This podcast is produced by Women in Media Network ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.womeninmedia.network/show/matriarch-movement/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Herle Burly was created by Air Quotes Media with support from our presenting sponsor TELUS, as well as CN Rail, Fidelity Investments Canada, and Nature Conservancy of Canada.Alright, you curiouser and curiouser Herle Burly-ites! Back in July, when we had our immensely popular “The Chiefs” panel on the pod for the 8th time, I very casually mentioned: “maybe we should give you your own show.” Well, I'm chuffed to announce that while The Chiefs are far too busy and successful with their productive, real careers to slum it in podcast-land every week like me, they have agreed to appear regularly, every quarter here on The Herle Burly, to give us their governance wisdom! Today on show: We'll assess what each party tried to achieve post the election to the start of parliament. Were they successful? Prime Minister Carney's major projects, the upcoming budget, and thoughts on the big speech the PM needs to make.So, a big huzzah to The Chiefs – 3 former Chiefs of Staff to some of Canada's most accomplished heads of government:Ian Brodie – first Chief of Staff to Stephen Harper and central to the founding of the CPC. Now Professor of Political Science at the University of Calgary, and Senior Advisor at New West Public Affairs.Brian Topp – former Chief of Staff to Rachel Notley in Alberta, Deputy Chief to Roy Romanow in Saskatchewan, a co-architect of Jack Layton's Orange Wave. Today he's a founding partner at GT&co.And, Tim Murphy – former Chief of Staff to Paul Martin. Now EVP and Chief Strategic Affairs Officer at AECON.Thank you for joining us on #TheHerleBurly podcast. Please take a moment to give us a rating and review on iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, Google Podcasts or your favourite podcast app.Watch episodes of The Herle Burly via Air Quotes Media on YouTube.The sponsored ads contained in the podcast are the expressed views of the sponsor and not those of the publisher.

This week we FIRE UP and head to Mt. Pleasant and Central Michigan University for fun things to do this fall in this vibrant college town located smack dab in the middle of Michigan. This is always a type of homecoming for host John Gonzalez, as he graduated from CMU, and is a memeber of their Journalism Hall of Fame. You'll hear all about it, including a few trips down memory lane, on this special show.Our friend Chris Rowley is the Executive Director of the Mt. Pleasant Area Convention and Visitors Bureau, and an expert on all things local for MP. Along with Jordan Ensing, Marketing Coordinator for the Bureau, she shares what makes this community special as well as fall activities. Insider tip: there is one last summer concert at Soaring Eagle Casino, Tim McGraw on September 26.Next, Gonzo got to meet and interview the brand new football coach for CMU, Coach Matt Drinkall, who joins us in Michigan direct from his last assignment as coach for the Army Black Knights. He is CMU's 30th head coach. He shares his insights for this season, as well as some of the very cool things this team is doing to reflect and honor the Native American heritage that is such a part of the Mt. Pleasant community, and this year will be reflected on the Chippewa's football uniforms. Coach also gives a shout-out to the Chip's of 1974, who were National Champs.Some people were clearly designed for thier careers, Gonzo is one, Marcie Otteman, Deputy Chief of Alumni and Constituent Engagement is another. This enthusiastic supporter, and CMU alumni 1987, shares all we can look forward to for CMU Homecoming 2025. There might also be reflecting on the good ole days at CMU, and the happy recognition that things are just getting better and better for the university.We recorded our show at a place that any CMU alumni knows well, O'Kelly's Sports Bar. We get to interview John Hunter, who's family has owned multiple establishments around Mt. Pleasant for decades. O'Kelly's, which is connected to sister business, and party palace, The Wayside, has been around for fifty years, and features all the college fun you could ever imagine. John shares why MP has been their community, and what makes working with CMU and students so great. Gonzo may or may not enjoy a very special, and very blue, drink from O'Kelly's during this segment. We just love these college town shows, especially in the fall, when the energy of fresh students on campus makes everyting incredible. A visit to Mt. Pleasant is perfect for this time of year. 

Washington's new tariff regime, an extra duty on India-origin imports and the end of the $800 de minimis exemption, is already rippling through India's textiles and apparel supply chain. Export margins are being squeezed, small businesses have maxed out working capital loans and inventories have piled up as orders have stalled, and mills are facing a major shortage of cotton. In the next part of a series on In Focus, looking at the impact of the United States' 50% tariffs on goods imported from India, we unpack who gets hit, how jobs are affected, and what policy support could cushion the blow for the textiles and apparels sector – a sector for which close to a third of its export orders come from the U.S. Guests: Soundariya Preetha M, Deputy Chief of Bureau, The Hindu Thivya Rakini, State President, Tamil nadu Textile and Common Labour Union (TTCU) Host: Kunal Shankar Edited by Sharmada Venkatasubramanian Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Today we have the great honor of welcoming Deputy Chief Jay Jonas. He was appointed to the New York City Fire Department on November 24, 1979. After graduating from probie school, he was first assigned to Engine Company 46 in the Bronx. He then crossed the floor to Ladder 27, where he honed his craft at the “Cross Bronx Express.” Seeking broader knowledge and experience, he transferred to Rescue Company 3, responding to some of the Bronx's most challenging fires and emergencies. Deputy Chief Jonas was later promoted to Lieutenant, serving with Ladder 11 on the Lower East Side. He then rose to the rank of Captain and was assigned to Ladder 6, where he served as company commander on September 11, 2001. Just one week after 9/11, he was promoted to Battalion Chief and assigned to the 2nd Battalion. In 2007, he achieved the rank of Deputy Chief in the 7th Division, where he continued his distinguished service until his retirement on July 9, 2022, marking the close of a remarkable 42-year career with the FDNY.

34 years of career experience. 32 of those were with Phoenix Fire Department where he rose through the ranks and retired as Deputy Chief. Currently Deputy Chief of Rio Verde Fire District in Arizona. Lead Instructor with Blue Card Firefighting Incident Command Training. Chris had no intentions of becoming a Firefighter. But unbeknownst to him his father had a relationship with a guy named Alan Brunacini. Chris was setup for a ride along that would forever change the dynamics of what he thought his life would look like. Having a true mentor in your life can significantly benefit you by providing personalized guidance, accelerating your professional and personal growth, offering a valuable new perspective, and building your confidence. Please take the time and listen to this episode and the conversations taking place.

General Tom Bussiere, the commander of Air Force Global Strike Command, discusses the modernization of the nuclear triad, including the challenges and progress of the Sentinel system, updates on the B-21 program, and the importance of long-range stand-off capabilities. He emphasizes the need for support and understanding of the nuclear enterprise and shares insights on recent operations and future goals. Gen. Thomas A. Bussiere is Commander, Air Force Global Strike Command and Commander, Air Forces Strategic - Air, U.S. Strategic Command, Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana. AFGSC provides strategic deterrence, global strike capability, and combat support to USSTRATCOM and other geographic combatant commands. The command is comprised of more than 33,700 professionals operating at two numbered air forces; 12 active duty, Air National Guard, and Air Force Reserve wings; and the Joint Global Strike Operations Center. Weapons systems assigned to AFGSC include all U.S. Air Force intercontinental ballistic missiles and bomber aircraft, UH-1N helicopters, E-4B National Airborne Operations Center aircraft, and the U.S. Air Force NC3 weapons system. Gen. Bussiere is a 1985 distinguished graduate of Air Force ROTC from Norwich University. He has held a variety of flying, staff and command assignments including the Deputy Director for Nuclear, Homeland Defense and Current Operations, Joint Staff; Inspector General, Headquarters, AFGSC; Advanced Programs Division, Headquarters, Air Combat Command and duty as the Deputy Chief of Staff, Multi-National Force-Iraq, Camp Victory, Baghdad. He commanded the 325th Bomb Squadron, 13th Bomb Squadron, 509th Operations Group and the 509th Bomb Wing at Whiteman AFB, Missouri. He also served as the Commander, Alaskan Command, United States Northern Command; Commander, Eleventh Air Force, Pacific Air Forces; and Commander, Alaskan North American Aerospace Defense Command Region, Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska; Commander, Eighth Air Force; Commander, Joint-Global Strike Operations Center, Barksdale AFB, Louisiana, and Commander, Joint Functional Component for Global Strike; Commander, Task Force 204, U.S. Strategic Command, Offutt AFB, Nebraska. Gen. Bussiere is a graduate of the School of Advanced Air and Space Studies and the U.S. Army War College Advanced Strategic Arts Program. Prior to his current position, Gen. Bussiere served as Deputy Commander, USSTRATCOM. Gen. Bussiere is a command pilot with more than 3,400 hours in the T-38 Talon, F-15C Eagle, B-2A Spirit, B-1B Lancer and F-22 Raptor. He led F-15C combat missions during operations Southern Watch and Vigilant Warrior and B-2 combat missions during operations Allied Force and Iraqi Freedom. Socials:Follow on Twitter at @NucleCastFollow on LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/company/nuclecastpodcastSubscribe RSS Feed: https://rss.com/podcasts/nuclecast-podcast/Rate: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/nuclecast/id1644921278Email comments and topic/guest suggestions to NucleCast@anwadeter.org

House Committee on Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs Legislative Hearing on H.R. 681, H.R. 3654, H.R. 3903, H.R. 3925, H.R. 4463 Tuesday, September 9, 2025 | 2:00 PM On Tuesday, September 9, 2025, at 2:00 p.m., in room 1324 Longworth House Office Building, the Committee on Natural Resources, Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs will hold a legislative hearing on the following bills: H.R.681, To amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the "Long-Term Leasing Act"), to authorize leases of up to 99 years for land held in trust for the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe and the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah), and for other purposes H.R.3654, “Tribal Emergency Response Resources Act”or the “TERRA Act” H.R.3903, “Chugach Alaska Land Exchange Oil Spill Recovery Act of 2025” H.R.3925, “Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Land Exchange Act” H.R.4463,, To amend the Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina Land Claims Settlement Act of 1993. Panel I (Members of Congress) The Honorable Nick Begich The Honorable Emily Randall The Honorable Jay Obernolte Panel II (Administration Witnesses) Mr. Bryan Mercier [H.R.681, H.R.3654, H.R.3925, and H.R.4463] Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. Mr. John Crockett [H.R.3903 and H.R.3925] Deputy Chief for State, Private, and Tribal Forestry U.S. Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C Panel III (Outside Experts) The Hon. Brian Harris [H.R.4463] Chief Catawba Nation Rock Hill, South Carolina The Hon. Cheryl Andrews-Maltais [Minority Witness] [H.R.681] Chairwoman Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) Aquinnah, Massachusetts Ms. Sheri Buretta [H.R.3903] Chairman of the Board Chugach Alaska Corporation Anchorage, Alaska The Hon. Quintin Swanson [Minority Witness] [H.R.3654] Chairman Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe Tokeland, Washington Mr. Joe Maarango [H.R.3925] Councilman Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Highland, California More on Indianz.Com: https://indianz.com/News/2025/09/08/witness-list-for-house-subcommittee-on-indian-and-insular-affairs-hearing-on-five-bills/

House Committee on Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs Legislative Hearing on H.R. 681, H.R. 3654, H.R. 3903, H.R. 3925, H.R. 4463 Tuesday, September 9, 2025 | 2:00 PM On Tuesday, September 9, 2025, at 2:00 p.m., in room 1324 Longworth House Office Building, the Committee on Natural Resources, Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs will hold a legislative hearing on the following bills: H.R.681, To amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the "Long-Term Leasing Act"), to authorize leases of up to 99 years for land held in trust for the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe and the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah), and for other purposes H.R.3654, “Tribal Emergency Response Resources Act”or the “TERRA Act” H.R.3903, “Chugach Alaska Land Exchange Oil Spill Recovery Act of 2025” H.R.3925, “Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Land Exchange Act” H.R.4463,, To amend the Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina Land Claims Settlement Act of 1993. Panel I (Members of Congress) The Honorable Nick Begich The Honorable Emily Randall The Honorable Jay Obernolte Panel II (Administration Witnesses) Mr. Bryan Mercier [H.R.681, H.R.3654, H.R.3925, and H.R.4463] Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. Mr. John Crockett [H.R.3903 and H.R.3925] Deputy Chief for State, Private, and Tribal Forestry U.S. Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C Panel III (Outside Experts) The Hon. Brian Harris [H.R.4463] Chief Catawba Nation Rock Hill, South Carolina The Hon. Cheryl Andrews-Maltais [Minority Witness] [H.R.681] Chairwoman Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) Aquinnah, Massachusetts Ms. Sheri Buretta [H.R.3903] Chairman of the Board Chugach Alaska Corporation Anchorage, Alaska The Hon. Quintin Swanson [Minority Witness] [H.R.3654] Chairman Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe Tokeland, Washington Mr. Joe Maarango [H.R.3925] Councilman Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Highland, California More on Indianz.Com: https://indianz.com/News/2025/09/08/witness-list-for-house-subcommittee-on-indian-and-insular-affairs-hearing-on-five-bills/

House Committee on Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs Legislative Hearing on H.R. 681, H.R. 3654, H.R. 3903, H.R. 3925, H.R. 4463 Tuesday, September 9, 2025 | 2:00 PM On Tuesday, September 9, 2025, at 2:00 p.m., in room 1324 Longworth House Office Building, the Committee on Natural Resources, Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs will hold a legislative hearing on the following bills: H.R.681, To amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the "Long-Term Leasing Act"), to authorize leases of up to 99 years for land held in trust for the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe and the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah), and for other purposes H.R.3654, “Tribal Emergency Response Resources Act”or the “TERRA Act” H.R.3903, “Chugach Alaska Land Exchange Oil Spill Recovery Act of 2025” H.R.3925, “Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Land Exchange Act” H.R.4463,, To amend the Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina Land Claims Settlement Act of 1993. Panel I (Members of Congress) The Honorable Nick Begich The Honorable Emily Randall The Honorable Jay Obernolte Panel II (Administration Witnesses) Mr. Bryan Mercier [H.R.681, H.R.3654, H.R.3925, and H.R.4463] Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. Mr. John Crockett [H.R.3903 and H.R.3925] Deputy Chief for State, Private, and Tribal Forestry U.S. Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C Panel III (Outside Experts) The Hon. Brian Harris [H.R.4463] Chief Catawba Nation Rock Hill, South Carolina The Hon. Cheryl Andrews-Maltais [Minority Witness] [H.R.681] Chairwoman Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) Aquinnah, Massachusetts Ms. Sheri Buretta [H.R.3903] Chairman of the Board Chugach Alaska Corporation Anchorage, Alaska The Hon. Quintin Swanson [Minority Witness] [H.R.3654] Chairman Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe Tokeland, Washington Mr. Joe Maarango [H.R.3925] Councilman Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Highland, California More on Indianz.Com: https://indianz.com/News/2025/09/08/witness-list-for-house-subcommittee-on-indian-and-insular-affairs-hearing-on-five-bills/

House Committee on Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs Legislative Hearing on H.R. 681, H.R. 3654, H.R. 3903, H.R. 3925, H.R. 4463 Tuesday, September 9, 2025 | 2:00 PM On Tuesday, September 9, 2025, at 2:00 p.m., in room 1324 Longworth House Office Building, the Committee on Natural Resources, Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs will hold a legislative hearing on the following bills: H.R.681, To amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the "Long-Term Leasing Act"), to authorize leases of up to 99 years for land held in trust for the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe and the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah), and for other purposes H.R.3654, “Tribal Emergency Response Resources Act”or the “TERRA Act” H.R.3903, “Chugach Alaska Land Exchange Oil Spill Recovery Act of 2025” H.R.3925, “Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Land Exchange Act” H.R.4463,, To amend the Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina Land Claims Settlement Act of 1993. Panel I (Members of Congress) The Honorable Nick Begich The Honorable Emily Randall The Honorable Jay Obernolte Panel II (Administration Witnesses) Mr. Bryan Mercier [H.R.681, H.R.3654, H.R.3925, and H.R.4463] Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. Mr. John Crockett [H.R.3903 and H.R.3925] Deputy Chief for State, Private, and Tribal Forestry U.S. Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C Panel III (Outside Experts) The Hon. Brian Harris [H.R.4463] Chief Catawba Nation Rock Hill, South Carolina The Hon. Cheryl Andrews-Maltais [Minority Witness] [H.R.681] Chairwoman Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) Aquinnah, Massachusetts Ms. Sheri Buretta [H.R.3903] Chairman of the Board Chugach Alaska Corporation Anchorage, Alaska The Hon. Quintin Swanson [Minority Witness] [H.R.3654] Chairman Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe Tokeland, Washington Mr. Joe Maarango [H.R.3925] Councilman Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Highland, California More on Indianz.Com: https://indianz.com/News/2025/09/08/witness-list-for-house-subcommittee-on-indian-and-insular-affairs-hearing-on-five-bills/

House Committee on Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs Legislative Hearing on H.R. 681, H.R. 3654, H.R. 3903, H.R. 3925, H.R. 4463 Tuesday, September 9, 2025 | 2:00 PM On Tuesday, September 9, 2025, at 2:00 p.m., in room 1324 Longworth House Office Building, the Committee on Natural Resources, Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs will hold a legislative hearing on the following bills: H.R.681, To amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the "Long-Term Leasing Act"), to authorize leases of up to 99 years for land held in trust for the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe and the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah), and for other purposes H.R.3654, “Tribal Emergency Response Resources Act”or the “TERRA Act” H.R.3903, “Chugach Alaska Land Exchange Oil Spill Recovery Act of 2025” H.R.3925, “Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Land Exchange Act” H.R.4463,, To amend the Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina Land Claims Settlement Act of 1993. Panel I (Members of Congress) The Honorable Nick Begich The Honorable Emily Randall The Honorable Jay Obernolte Panel II (Administration Witnesses) Mr. Bryan Mercier [H.R.681, H.R.3654, H.R.3925, and H.R.4463] Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. Mr. John Crockett [H.R.3903 and H.R.3925] Deputy Chief for State, Private, and Tribal Forestry U.S. Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C Panel III (Outside Experts) The Hon. Brian Harris [H.R.4463] Chief Catawba Nation Rock Hill, South Carolina The Hon. Cheryl Andrews-Maltais [Minority Witness] [H.R.681] Chairwoman Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) Aquinnah, Massachusetts Ms. Sheri Buretta [H.R.3903] Chairman of the Board Chugach Alaska Corporation Anchorage, Alaska The Hon. Quintin Swanson [Minority Witness] [H.R.3654] Chairman Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe Tokeland, Washington Mr. Joe Maarango [H.R.3925] Councilman Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Highland, California More on Indianz.Com: https://indianz.com/News/2025/09/08/witness-list-for-house-subcommittee-on-indian-and-insular-affairs-hearing-on-five-bills/

House Committee on Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs Legislative Hearing on H.R. 681, H.R. 3654, H.R. 3903, H.R. 3925, H.R. 4463 Tuesday, September 9, 2025 | 2:00 PM On Tuesday, September 9, 2025, at 2:00 p.m., in room 1324 Longworth House Office Building, the Committee on Natural Resources, Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs will hold a legislative hearing on the following bills: H.R.681, To amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the "Long-Term Leasing Act"), to authorize leases of up to 99 years for land held in trust for the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe and the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah), and for other purposes H.R.3654, “Tribal Emergency Response Resources Act”or the “TERRA Act” H.R.3903, “Chugach Alaska Land Exchange Oil Spill Recovery Act of 2025” H.R.3925, “Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Land Exchange Act” H.R.4463,, To amend the Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina Land Claims Settlement Act of 1993. Panel I (Members of Congress) The Honorable Nick Begich The Honorable Emily Randall The Honorable Jay Obernolte Panel II (Administration Witnesses) Mr. Bryan Mercier [H.R.681, H.R.3654, H.R.3925, and H.R.4463] Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. Mr. John Crockett [H.R.3903 and H.R.3925] Deputy Chief for State, Private, and Tribal Forestry U.S. Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C Panel III (Outside Experts) The Hon. Brian Harris [H.R.4463] Chief Catawba Nation Rock Hill, South Carolina The Hon. Cheryl Andrews-Maltais [Minority Witness] [H.R.681] Chairwoman Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) Aquinnah, Massachusetts Ms. Sheri Buretta [H.R.3903] Chairman of the Board Chugach Alaska Corporation Anchorage, Alaska The Hon. Quintin Swanson [Minority Witness] [H.R.3654] Chairman Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe Tokeland, Washington Mr. Joe Maarango [H.R.3925] Councilman Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Highland, California More on Indianz.Com: https://indianz.com/News/2025/09/08/witness-list-for-house-subcommittee-on-indian-and-insular-affairs-hearing-on-five-bills/

House Committee on Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs Legislative Hearing on H.R. 681, H.R. 3654, H.R. 3903, H.R. 3925, H.R. 4463 Tuesday, September 9, 2025 | 2:00 PM On Tuesday, September 9, 2025, at 2:00 p.m., in room 1324 Longworth House Office Building, the Committee on Natural Resources, Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs will hold a legislative hearing on the following bills: H.R.681, To amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the "Long-Term Leasing Act"), to authorize leases of up to 99 years for land held in trust for the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe and the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah), and for other purposes H.R.3654, “Tribal Emergency Response Resources Act”or the “TERRA Act” H.R.3903, “Chugach Alaska Land Exchange Oil Spill Recovery Act of 2025” H.R.3925, “Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Land Exchange Act” H.R.4463,, To amend the Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina Land Claims Settlement Act of 1993. Panel I (Members of Congress) The Honorable Nick Begich The Honorable Emily Randall The Honorable Jay Obernolte Panel II (Administration Witnesses) Mr. Bryan Mercier [H.R.681, H.R.3654, H.R.3925, and H.R.4463] Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. Mr. John Crockett [H.R.3903 and H.R.3925] Deputy Chief for State, Private, and Tribal Forestry U.S. Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C Panel III (Outside Experts) The Hon. Brian Harris [H.R.4463] Chief Catawba Nation Rock Hill, South Carolina The Hon. Cheryl Andrews-Maltais [Minority Witness] [H.R.681] Chairwoman Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) Aquinnah, Massachusetts Ms. Sheri Buretta [H.R.3903] Chairman of the Board Chugach Alaska Corporation Anchorage, Alaska The Hon. Quintin Swanson [Minority Witness] [H.R.3654] Chairman Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe Tokeland, Washington Mr. Joe Maarango [H.R.3925] Councilman Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Highland, California More on Indianz.Com: https://indianz.com/News/2025/09/08/witness-list-for-house-subcommittee-on-indian-and-insular-affairs-hearing-on-five-bills/

House Committee on Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs Legislative Hearing on H.R. 681, H.R. 3654, H.R. 3903, H.R. 3925, H.R. 4463 Tuesday, September 9, 2025 | 2:00 PM On Tuesday, September 9, 2025, at 2:00 p.m., in room 1324 Longworth House Office Building, the Committee on Natural Resources, Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs will hold a legislative hearing on the following bills: H.R.681, To amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the "Long-Term Leasing Act"), to authorize leases of up to 99 years for land held in trust for the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe and the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah), and for other purposes H.R.3654, “Tribal Emergency Response Resources Act”or the “TERRA Act” H.R.3903, “Chugach Alaska Land Exchange Oil Spill Recovery Act of 2025” H.R.3925, “Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Land Exchange Act” H.R.4463,, To amend the Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina Land Claims Settlement Act of 1993. Panel I (Members of Congress) The Honorable Nick Begich The Honorable Emily Randall The Honorable Jay Obernolte Panel II (Administration Witnesses) Mr. Bryan Mercier [H.R.681, H.R.3654, H.R.3925, and H.R.4463] Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. Mr. John Crockett [H.R.3903 and H.R.3925] Deputy Chief for State, Private, and Tribal Forestry U.S. Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C Panel III (Outside Experts) The Hon. Brian Harris [H.R.4463] Chief Catawba Nation Rock Hill, South Carolina The Hon. Cheryl Andrews-Maltais [Minority Witness] [H.R.681] Chairwoman Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) Aquinnah, Massachusetts Ms. Sheri Buretta [H.R.3903] Chairman of the Board Chugach Alaska Corporation Anchorage, Alaska The Hon. Quintin Swanson [Minority Witness] [H.R.3654] Chairman Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe Tokeland, Washington Mr. Joe Maarango [H.R.3925] Councilman Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Highland, California More on Indianz.Com: https://indianz.com/News/2025/09/08/witness-list-for-house-subcommittee-on-indian-and-insular-affairs-hearing-on-five-bills/

House Committee on Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs Legislative Hearing on H.R. 681, H.R. 3654, H.R. 3903, H.R. 3925, H.R. 4463 Tuesday, September 9, 2025 | 2:00 PM On Tuesday, September 9, 2025, at 2:00 p.m., in room 1324 Longworth House Office Building, the Committee on Natural Resources, Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs will hold a legislative hearing on the following bills: H.R.681, To amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the "Long-Term Leasing Act"), to authorize leases of up to 99 years for land held in trust for the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe and the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah), and for other purposes H.R.3654, “Tribal Emergency Response Resources Act”or the “TERRA Act” H.R.3903, “Chugach Alaska Land Exchange Oil Spill Recovery Act of 2025” H.R.3925, “Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Land Exchange Act” H.R.4463,, To amend the Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina Land Claims Settlement Act of 1993. Panel I (Members of Congress) The Honorable Nick Begich The Honorable Emily Randall The Honorable Jay Obernolte Panel II (Administration Witnesses) Mr. Bryan Mercier [H.R.681, H.R.3654, H.R.3925, and H.R.4463] Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. Mr. John Crockett [H.R.3903 and H.R.3925] Deputy Chief for State, Private, and Tribal Forestry U.S. Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C Panel III (Outside Experts) The Hon. Brian Harris [H.R.4463] Chief Catawba Nation Rock Hill, South Carolina The Hon. Cheryl Andrews-Maltais [Minority Witness] [H.R.681] Chairwoman Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) Aquinnah, Massachusetts Ms. Sheri Buretta [H.R.3903] Chairman of the Board Chugach Alaska Corporation Anchorage, Alaska The Hon. Quintin Swanson [Minority Witness] [H.R.3654] Chairman Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe Tokeland, Washington Mr. Joe Maarango [H.R.3925] Councilman Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Highland, California More on Indianz.Com: https://indianz.com/News/2025/09/08/witness-list-for-house-subcommittee-on-indian-and-insular-affairs-hearing-on-five-bills/

House Committee on Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs Legislative Hearing on H.R. 681, H.R. 3654, H.R. 3903, H.R. 3925, H.R. 4463 Tuesday, September 9, 2025 | 2:00 PM On Tuesday, September 9, 2025, at 2:00 p.m., in room 1324 Longworth House Office Building, the Committee on Natural Resources, Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs will hold a legislative hearing on the following bills: H.R.681, To amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the "Long-Term Leasing Act"), to authorize leases of up to 99 years for land held in trust for the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe and the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah), and for other purposes H.R.3654, “Tribal Emergency Response Resources Act”or the “TERRA Act” H.R.3903, “Chugach Alaska Land Exchange Oil Spill Recovery Act of 2025” H.R.3925, “Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Land Exchange Act” H.R.4463,, To amend the Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina Land Claims Settlement Act of 1993. Panel I (Members of Congress) The Honorable Nick Begich The Honorable Emily Randall The Honorable Jay Obernolte Panel II (Administration Witnesses) Mr. Bryan Mercier [H.R.681, H.R.3654, H.R.3925, and H.R.4463] Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. Mr. John Crockett [H.R.3903 and H.R.3925] Deputy Chief for State, Private, and Tribal Forestry U.S. Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C Panel III (Outside Experts) The Hon. Brian Harris [H.R.4463] Chief Catawba Nation Rock Hill, South Carolina The Hon. Cheryl Andrews-Maltais [Minority Witness] [H.R.681] Chairwoman Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) Aquinnah, Massachusetts Ms. Sheri Buretta [H.R.3903] Chairman of the Board Chugach Alaska Corporation Anchorage, Alaska The Hon. Quintin Swanson [Minority Witness] [H.R.3654] Chairman Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe Tokeland, Washington Mr. Joe Maarango [H.R.3925] Councilman Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Highland, California More on Indianz.Com: https://indianz.com/News/2025/09/08/witness-list-for-house-subcommittee-on-indian-and-insular-affairs-hearing-on-five-bills/

House Committee on Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs Legislative Hearing on H.R. 681, H.R. 3654, H.R. 3903, H.R. 3925, H.R. 4463 Tuesday, September 9, 2025 | 2:00 PM On Tuesday, September 9, 2025, at 2:00 p.m., in room 1324 Longworth House Office Building, the Committee on Natural Resources, Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs will hold a legislative hearing on the following bills: H.R.681, To amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the "Long-Term Leasing Act"), to authorize leases of up to 99 years for land held in trust for the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe and the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah), and for other purposes H.R.3654, “Tribal Emergency Response Resources Act”or the “TERRA Act” H.R.3903, “Chugach Alaska Land Exchange Oil Spill Recovery Act of 2025” H.R.3925, “Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Land Exchange Act” H.R.4463,, To amend the Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina Land Claims Settlement Act of 1993. Panel I (Members of Congress) The Honorable Nick Begich The Honorable Emily Randall The Honorable Jay Obernolte Panel II (Administration Witnesses) Mr. Bryan Mercier [H.R.681, H.R.3654, H.R.3925, and H.R.4463] Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. Mr. John Crockett [H.R.3903 and H.R.3925] Deputy Chief for State, Private, and Tribal Forestry U.S. Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C Panel III (Outside Experts) The Hon. Brian Harris [H.R.4463] Chief Catawba Nation Rock Hill, South Carolina The Hon. Cheryl Andrews-Maltais [Minority Witness] [H.R.681] Chairwoman Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) Aquinnah, Massachusetts Ms. Sheri Buretta [H.R.3903] Chairman of the Board Chugach Alaska Corporation Anchorage, Alaska The Hon. Quintin Swanson [Minority Witness] [H.R.3654] Chairman Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe Tokeland, Washington Mr. Joe Maarango [H.R.3925] Councilman Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Highland, California More on Indianz.Com: https://indianz.com/News/2025/09/08/witness-list-for-house-subcommittee-on-indian-and-insular-affairs-hearing-on-five-bills/

House Committee on Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs Legislative Hearing on H.R. 681, H.R. 3654, H.R. 3903, H.R. 3925, H.R. 4463 Tuesday, September 9, 2025 | 2:00 PM On Tuesday, September 9, 2025, at 2:00 p.m., in room 1324 Longworth House Office Building, the Committee on Natural Resources, Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs will hold a legislative hearing on the following bills: H.R.681, To amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the "Long-Term Leasing Act"), to authorize leases of up to 99 years for land held in trust for the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe and the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah), and for other purposes H.R.3654, “Tribal Emergency Response Resources Act”or the “TERRA Act” H.R.3903, “Chugach Alaska Land Exchange Oil Spill Recovery Act of 2025” H.R.3925, “Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Land Exchange Act” H.R.4463,, To amend the Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina Land Claims Settlement Act of 1993. Panel I (Members of Congress) The Honorable Nick Begich The Honorable Emily Randall The Honorable Jay Obernolte Panel II (Administration Witnesses) Mr. Bryan Mercier [H.R.681, H.R.3654, H.R.3925, and H.R.4463] Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. Mr. John Crockett [H.R.3903 and H.R.3925] Deputy Chief for State, Private, and Tribal Forestry U.S. Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C Panel III (Outside Experts) The Hon. Brian Harris [H.R.4463] Chief Catawba Nation Rock Hill, South Carolina The Hon. Cheryl Andrews-Maltais [Minority Witness] [H.R.681] Chairwoman Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) Aquinnah, Massachusetts Ms. Sheri Buretta [H.R.3903] Chairman of the Board Chugach Alaska Corporation Anchorage, Alaska The Hon. Quintin Swanson [Minority Witness] [H.R.3654] Chairman Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe Tokeland, Washington Mr. Joe Maarango [H.R.3925] Councilman Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Highland, California More on Indianz.Com: https://indianz.com/News/2025/09/08/witness-list-for-house-subcommittee-on-indian-and-insular-affairs-hearing-on-five-bills/

House Committee on Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs Legislative Hearing on H.R. 681, H.R. 3654, H.R. 3903, H.R. 3925, H.R. 4463 Tuesday, September 9, 2025 | 2:00 PM On Tuesday, September 9, 2025, at 2:00 p.m., in room 1324 Longworth House Office Building, the Committee on Natural Resources, Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs will hold a legislative hearing on the following bills: H.R.681, To amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the "Long-Term Leasing Act"), to authorize leases of up to 99 years for land held in trust for the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe and the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah), and for other purposes H.R.3654, “Tribal Emergency Response Resources Act”or the “TERRA Act” H.R.3903, “Chugach Alaska Land Exchange Oil Spill Recovery Act of 2025” H.R.3925, “Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Land Exchange Act” H.R.4463,, To amend the Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina Land Claims Settlement Act of 1993. Panel I (Members of Congress) The Honorable Nick Begich The Honorable Emily Randall The Honorable Jay Obernolte Panel II (Administration Witnesses) Mr. Bryan Mercier [H.R.681, H.R.3654, H.R.3925, and H.R.4463] Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. Mr. John Crockett [H.R.3903 and H.R.3925] Deputy Chief for State, Private, and Tribal Forestry U.S. Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C Panel III (Outside Experts) The Hon. Brian Harris [H.R.4463] Chief Catawba Nation Rock Hill, South Carolina The Hon. Cheryl Andrews-Maltais [Minority Witness] [H.R.681] Chairwoman Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) Aquinnah, Massachusetts Ms. Sheri Buretta [H.R.3903] Chairman of the Board Chugach Alaska Corporation Anchorage, Alaska The Hon. Quintin Swanson [Minority Witness] [H.R.3654] Chairman Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe Tokeland, Washington Mr. Joe Maarango [H.R.3925] Councilman Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Highland, California More on Indianz.Com: https://indianz.com/News/2025/09/08/witness-list-for-house-subcommittee-on-indian-and-insular-affairs-hearing-on-five-bills/

House Committee on Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs Legislative Hearing on H.R. 681, H.R. 3654, H.R. 3903, H.R. 3925, H.R. 4463 Tuesday, September 9, 2025 | 2:00 PM On Tuesday, September 9, 2025, at 2:00 p.m., in room 1324 Longworth House Office Building, the Committee on Natural Resources, Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs will hold a legislative hearing on the following bills: H.R.681, To amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the "Long-Term Leasing Act"), to authorize leases of up to 99 years for land held in trust for the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe and the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah), and for other purposes H.R.3654, “Tribal Emergency Response Resources Act”or the “TERRA Act” H.R.3903, “Chugach Alaska Land Exchange Oil Spill Recovery Act of 2025” H.R.3925, “Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Land Exchange Act” H.R.4463,, To amend the Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina Land Claims Settlement Act of 1993. Panel I (Members of Congress) The Honorable Nick Begich The Honorable Emily Randall The Honorable Jay Obernolte Panel II (Administration Witnesses) Mr. Bryan Mercier [H.R.681, H.R.3654, H.R.3925, and H.R.4463] Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. Mr. John Crockett [H.R.3903 and H.R.3925] Deputy Chief for State, Private, and Tribal Forestry U.S. Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C Panel III (Outside Experts) The Hon. Brian Harris [H.R.4463] Chief Catawba Nation Rock Hill, South Carolina The Hon. Cheryl Andrews-Maltais [Minority Witness] [H.R.681] Chairwoman Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) Aquinnah, Massachusetts Ms. Sheri Buretta [H.R.3903] Chairman of the Board Chugach Alaska Corporation Anchorage, Alaska The Hon. Quintin Swanson [Minority Witness] [H.R.3654] Chairman Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe Tokeland, Washington Mr. Joe Maarango [H.R.3925] Councilman Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Highland, California More on Indianz.Com: https://indianz.com/News/2025/09/08/witness-list-for-house-subcommittee-on-indian-and-insular-affairs-hearing-on-five-bills/

“Find those people who are your allies, have confidence in yourself, have confidence in your competence.”This episode features an in-depth conversation with FDNY Deputy Chief Michele Fitzsimmons, who shares her career journey and discusses the evolution of the department. Michele shares her journey from working with HIV/AIDS patients to becoming a firefighter and eventually rising through the ranks to Deputy Chief. Preston and Michele discuss the critical role of trust, teamwork, and communication in mission-critical situations, as well as the fundamental changes that followed the events of 9/11. Michele offers valuable insights into the significance of training and communal meals, as well as the evolving safety protocols for modern firefighters. This episode is an inspiring look into the life and career of a dedicated leader who has helped shape the future of fire service. If you find value in this discussion, the best way to support our work and stay up-to-date with future episodes is to subscribe and leave us a quick rating or review. It helps us reach more people who need to hear these conversations.

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Joseph Schnitt, a Department of Justice official, was recently caught in a sting operation by a James O'Keefe operative posing as a date on a dating app. During the secretly recorded meeting, Schnitt claimed the DOJ planned to redact Republican names from the Jeffrey Epstein files while leaving liberal names visible, fueling suspicions of political bias in the release of the documents. He also alleged that Ghislaine Maxwell's transfer to a minimum-security prison was essentially a favor to keep her quiet, and described internal conflict between Attorney General Pam Bondi and FBI Deputy Director Dan Bongino over whether to release the files.After the footage surfaced, the DOJ quickly distanced itself from Schnitt's comments, calling them “personal views based on media reports” with “absolutely zero bearing on reality.” Schnitt himself insisted he didn't know he was being recorded and that he was speaking offhand, not offering insider information. Still, the incident embarrassed the DOJ, provided fresh fuel for critics of the Epstein cover-up, and underscored just how easily an official could spill sensitive claims in an unguarded moment.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:Top DOJ Official Spills Jeffrey Epstein Cover-Up Plans to Honeytrap

Joseph Schnitt, a Department of Justice official, was recently caught in a sting operation by a James O'Keefe operative posing as a date on a dating app. During the secretly recorded meeting, Schnitt claimed the DOJ planned to redact Republican names from the Jeffrey Epstein files while leaving liberal names visible, fueling suspicions of political bias in the release of the documents. He also alleged that Ghislaine Maxwell's transfer to a minimum-security prison was essentially a favor to keep her quiet, and described internal conflict between Attorney General Pam Bondi and FBI Deputy Director Dan Bongino over whether to release the files.After the footage surfaced, the DOJ quickly distanced itself from Schnitt's comments, calling them “personal views based on media reports” with “absolutely zero bearing on reality.” Schnitt himself insisted he didn't know he was being recorded and that he was speaking offhand, not offering insider information. Still, the incident embarrassed the DOJ, provided fresh fuel for critics of the Epstein cover-up, and underscored just how easily an official could spill sensitive claims in an unguarded moment.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:Top DOJ Official Spills Jeffrey Epstein Cover-Up Plans to HoneytrapBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-epstein-chronicles--5003294/support.

Joseph Schnitt, a Department of Justice official, was recently caught in a sting operation by a James O'Keefe operative posing as a date on a dating app. During the secretly recorded meeting, Schnitt claimed the DOJ planned to redact Republican names from the Jeffrey Epstein files while leaving liberal names visible, fueling suspicions of political bias in the release of the documents. He also alleged that Ghislaine Maxwell's transfer to a minimum-security prison was essentially a favor to keep her quiet, and described internal conflict between Attorney General Pam Bondi and FBI Deputy Director Dan Bongino over whether to release the files.After the footage surfaced, the DOJ quickly distanced itself from Schnitt's comments, calling them “personal views based on media reports” with “absolutely zero bearing on reality.” Schnitt himself insisted he didn't know he was being recorded and that he was speaking offhand, not offering insider information. Still, the incident embarrassed the DOJ, provided fresh fuel for critics of the Epstein cover-up, and underscored just how easily an official could spill sensitive claims in an unguarded moment.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:Top DOJ Official Spills Jeffrey Epstein Cover-Up Plans to HoneytrapBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-moscow-murders-and-more--5852883/support.

Jordan interviews, Drew Smith, who is a hydrologist & Deputy Chief, Watershed Division at the Corps of Engineers. There are some many questions, misconceptions, and down-right good information to have when it comes to the big river. Join us for this episode as we bust some myths, learn a lot, and discover once again why the Mississippi River is such a special place. Check it out! 

Last time we spoke about the Soviet Victory in Asia. After atomic bombings and Japan's surrender, the Soviets launched a rapid Manchurian invasion, driving toward Harbin, Mukden, Changchun, and Beijing. Shenyang was taken, seeing the capture of the last Emperor of China, Pu Yi. The Soviets continued their advances into Korea with port captures at Gensan and Pyongyang, and occupation of South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, ahead of anticipated American intervention. Stalin pushed for speed to avoid US naval landings, coordinating with Chinese forces and leveraging the Sino-Soviet pact while balancing relations with Chiang Kai-shek. As fronts closed, tens of thousands of Japanese POWs were taken, while harsh wartime reprisals, looting, and mass sexual violence against Japanese, Korean, and Chinese civilians were reported.  This episode is the Surrender of Japan Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  With the Manchurian Campaign over and Japan's surrender confirmed, we've reached the end of the Pacific War and the ushering of a new era. This journey took us 3 years, 8 months, and 27 days and it's been a rollercoaster. We've gone over numerous stories of heroism and horror, victory and defeat, trying to peel back a part of WW2 that often gets overshadowed by the war in Europe. Certainly the China War is almost completely ignored by the west, but fortunately for you all, as I end this series we have just entered the China war over at the Fall and Rise of China Podcast. Unlike this series where, to be blunt, I am hamstrung by the week by week format, over there I can tackle the subject as I see fit, full of personal accounts. I implore you if you want to revisit some of that action in China, jump over to the other podcast, I will be continuing it until the end of the Chinese civil war. One could say it will soon be a bit of a sequel to this one. Of course if you love this format and want more, you can check out the brand new Eastern Front week by week podcast, which really does match the horror of the Pacific war. Lastly if you just love hearing my dumb voice, come check out my podcast which also is in video format on the Pacific War Channel on Youtube, the Echoes of War podcast. Me and my co-host Gaurav tackle history from Ancient to Modern, often with guests and we blend the dialogue with maps, photos and clips. But stating all of that, lets get into it, the surrender of Japan. As we last saw, while the Soviet invasion of Manchuria raged, Emperor Hirohito announced the unconditional surrender of the Japanese Empire on August 15. Public reaction varied, yet most were stunned and bewildered, unable to grasp that Japan had surrendered for the first time in its history. Many wept openly as they listened to the Emperor's solemn message; others directed swift anger at the nation's leaders and the fighting services for failing to avert defeat; and some blamed themselves for falling short in their war effort. Above all, there was a deep sympathy for the Emperor, who had been forced to make such a tragic and painful decision.  In the wake of the Emperor's broadcast, war factories across the country dismissed their workers and shut their doors. Newspapers that had been ordered to pause their usual morning editions appeared in the afternoon, each carrying the Imperial Rescript, an unabridged translation of the Potsdam Declaration, and the notes exchanged with the Allied Powers. In Tokyo, crowds of weeping citizens gathered all afternoon in the vast plaza before the Imperial Palace and at the Meiji and Yasukuni Shrines to bow in reverence and prayer. The shock and grief of the moment, coupled with the dark uncertainty about the future, prevented any widespread sense of relief that the fighting had ended. Bombings and bloodshed were over, but defeat seemed likely to bring only continued hardship and privation. Starvation already gripped the land, and the nation faced the looming breakdown of public discipline and order, acts of violence and oppression by occupying forces, and a heavy burden of reparations. Yet despite the grim outlook, the Emperor's assurance that he would remain to guide the people through the difficult days ahead offered a measure of solace and courage. His appeal for strict compliance with the Imperial will left a lasting impression, and the refrain “Reverent Obedience to the Rescript” became the rallying cry as the nation prepared to endure the consequences of capitulation. Immediately after the Emperor's broadcast, Prime Minister Suzuki's cabinet tendered its collective resignation, yet Hirohito commanded them to remain in office until a new cabinet could be formed. Accordingly, Suzuki delivered another broadcast that evening, urging the nation to unite in absolute loyalty to the throne in this grave national crisis, and stressing that the Emperor's decision to end the war had been taken out of compassion for his subjects and in careful consideration of the circumstances. Thus, the shocked and grief-stricken population understood that this decision represented the Emperor's actual will rather than a ratified act of the Government, assuring that the nation as a whole would obediently accept the Imperial command. Consequently, most Japanese simply went on with their lives as best they could; yet some military officers, such as General Anami, chose suicide over surrender. Another key figure who committed seppuku between August 15 and 16 was Vice-Admiral Onishi Takijiro, the father of the kamikaze. Onishi's suicide note apologized to the roughly 4,000 pilots he had sent to their deaths and urged all surviving young civilians to work toward rebuilding Japan and fostering peace among nations. Additionally, despite being called “the hero of the August 15 incident” for his peacekeeping role in the attempted coup d'état, General Tanaka felt responsible for the damage done to Tokyo and shot himself on August 24. Following the final Imperial conference on 14 August, the Army's “Big Three”, War Minister Anami, Chief of the Army General Staff Umezu, and Inspectorate-General of Military Training General Kenji Doihara, met at the War Ministry together with Field Marshals Hata and Sugiyama, the senior operational commanders of the homeland's Army forces. These five men affixed their seals to a joint resolution pledging that the Army would “conduct itself in accordance with the Imperial decision to the last.” The resolution was endorsed immediately afterward by General Masakazu Kawabe, the overall commander of the Army air forces in the homeland. In accordance with this decision, General Anami and General Umezu separately convened meetings of their senior subordinates during the afternoon of the 14th, informing them of the outcome of the final Imperial conference and directing strict obedience to the Emperor's command. Shortly thereafter, special instructions to the same effect were radioed to all top operational commanders jointly in the names of the War Minister and Chief of Army General Staff. The Army and Navy authorities acted promptly, and their decisive stance proved, for the most part, highly effective. In the Army, where the threat of upheaval was most acute, the final, unequivocal decision of its top leaders to heed the Emperor's will delivered a crippling blow to the smoldering coup plot by the young officers to block the surrender. The conspirators had based their plans on unified action by the Army as a whole; with that unified stance effectively ruled out, most of the principal plotters reluctantly abandoned the coup d'état scheme on the afternoon of 14 August. At the same time, the weakened Imperial Japanese Navy took steps to ensure disciplined compliance with the surrender decision. Only Admiral Ugaki chose to challenge this with his final actions. After listening to Japan's defeat, Admiral Ugaki Kayō's diary recorded that he had not yet received an official cease-fire order, and that, since he alone was to blame for the failure of Japanese aviators to stop the American advance, he would fly one last mission himself to embody the true spirit of bushido. His subordinates protested, and even after Ugaki had climbed into the back seat of a Yokosuka D4Y4 of the 701st Kokutai dive bomber piloted by Lieutenant Tatsuo Nakatsuru, Warrant Officer Akiyoshi Endo, whose place in the kamikaze roster Ugaki had usurped, also climbed into the same space that the admiral had already occupied. Thus, the aircraft containing Ugaki took off with three men piloted by Nakatsuru, with Endo providing reconnaissance, and Ugaki himself, rather than the two crew members that filled the other ten aircraft. Before boarding his aircraft, Ugaki posed for pictures and removed his rank insignia from his dark green uniform, taking only a ceremonial short sword given to him by Admiral Yamamoto. Elements of this last flight most likely followed the Ryukyu flyway southwest to the many small islands north of Okinawa, where U.S. forces were still on alert at the potential end of hostilities. Endo served as radioman during the mission, sending Ugaki's final messages, the last of which at 19:24 reported that the plane had begun its dive onto an American vessel. However, U.S. Navy records do not indicate any successful kamikaze attack on that day, and it is likely that all aircraft on the mission with the exception of three that returned due to engine problems crashed into the ocean, struck down by American anti-aircraft fire. Although there are no precise accounts of an intercept made by Navy or Marine fighters or Pacific Fleet surface units against enemy aircraft in this vicinity at the time of surrender. it is likely the aircraft crashed into the ocean or was shot down by American anti-aircraft fire. In any event, the crew of LST-926 reported finding the still-smoldering remains of a cockpit with three bodies on the beach of Iheyajima Island, with Ugaki's remains allegedly among them. Meanwhile, we have already covered the Truman–Stalin agreement that Japanese forces north of the 38th parallel would surrender to the Soviets while those to the south would surrender to the Americans, along with the subsequent Soviet occupation of Manchuria, North Korea, South Sakhalin, and the Kurile Islands. Yet even before the first atomic bomb was dropped, and well before the Potsdam Conference, General MacArthur and his staff were planning a peaceful occupation of Japan and the Korean Peninsula. The first edition of this plan, designated “Blacklist,” appeared on July 16 and called for a progressive, orderly occupation in strength of an estimated fourteen major areas in Japan and three to six areas in Korea, so that the Allies could exercise unhampered control over the various phases of administration. These operations would employ 22 divisions and 3 regiments, together with air and naval elements, and would utilize all United States forces immediately available in the Pacific. The plan also provided for the maximum use of existing Japanese political and administrative organizations, since these agencies already exerted effective control over the population and could be employed to good advantage by the Allies. The final edition of “Blacklist,” issued on August 8, was divided into three main phases of occupation. The first phase included the Kanto Plain, the Kobe–Osaka–Kyoto areas, the Nagasaki–Sasebo area in Kyushu, the Keijo district in Korea, and the Aomori–Ominato area of northern Honshu. The second phase covered the Shimonoseki–Fukuoka and Nagoya areas, Sapporo in Hokkaido, and Fusan in Korea. The third phase comprised the Hiroshima–Kure area, Kochi in Shikoku, the Okayama, Tsuruga, and Niigata areas, Sendai in northern Honshu, Otomari in Karafuto, and the Gunzan–Zenshu area in Korea. Although the Joint Chiefs of Staff initially favored Admiral Nimitz's “Campus” Plan, which envisioned entry into Japan by Army forces only after an emergency occupation of Tokyo Bay by advanced naval units and the seizure of key positions ashore near each anchorage, MacArthur argued that naval forces were not designed to perform the preliminary occupation of a hostile country whose ground divisions remained intact, and he contended that occupying large land areas was fundamentally an Army mission. He ultimately convinced them that occupation by a weak Allied force might provoke resistance from dissident Japanese elements among the bomb-shattered population and could therefore lead to grave repercussions. The formal directive for the occupation of Japan, Korea, and the China coast was issued by the Joint Chiefs of Staff on August 11. The immediate objectives were to secure the early entry of occupying forces into major strategic areas, to control critical ports, port facilities, and airfields, and to demobilize and disarm enemy troops. First priority went to the prompt occupation of Japan, second to the consolidation of Keijo in Korea, and third to operations on the China coast and in Formosa. MacArthur was to assume responsibility for the forces entering Japan and Korea; General Wedemeyer was assigned operational control of the forces landing on the China coast and was instructed to coordinate his plans with the Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek; and Japanese forces in Southeast Asia were earmarked for surrender to Admiral Mountbatten. With the agreement of the Soviet, Chinese, and British governments, President Truman designated MacArthur as Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers on August 15, thereby granting him final authority for the execution of the terms of surrender and occupation. In this capacity, MacArthur promptly notified the Emperor and the Japanese Government that he was authorized to arrange for the cessation of hostilities at the earliest practicable date and directed that the Japanese forces terminate hostilities immediately and that he be notified at once of the effective date and hour of such termination. He further directed that Japan send to Manila on August 17 “a competent representative empowered to receive in the name of the Emperor of Japan, the Japanese Imperial Government, and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters certain requirements for carrying into effect the terms of surrender.” General MacArthur's stipulations to the Japanese Government included specific instructions regarding the journey of the Japanese representatives to Manila. The emissaries were to leave Sata Misaki, at the southern tip of Kyushu, on the morning of August 17. They were to travel in a Douglas DC-3-type transport plane, painted white and marked with green crosses on the wings and fuselage, and to fly under Allied escort to an airdrome on Lejima in the Ryukyus. From there, the Japanese would be transported to Manila in a United States plane. The code designation chosen for communication between the Japanese plane and US forces was the symbolic word “Bataan.” Implementation challenges arose almost immediately due to disagreements within Imperial General Headquarters and the Foreign Office over the exact nature of the mission. Some officials interpreted the instructions as requiring the delegates to carry full powers to receive and agree to the actual terms of surrender, effectively making them top representatives of the Government and High Command. Others understood the mission to be strictly preparatory, aimed only at working out technical surrender arrangements and procedures. Late in the afternoon of August 16, a message was sent to MacArthur's headquarters seeking clarification and more time to organize the mission. MacArthur replied that signing the surrender terms would not be among the tasks of the Japanese representatives dispatched to Manila, assured the Japanese that their proposed measures were satisfactory, and pledged that every precaution would be taken to ensure the safety of the Emperor's representatives on their mission. Although preparations were made with all possible speed, on August 16 the Japanese notified that this delegation would be somewhat delayed due to the scarcity of time allowed for its formation. At the same time, MacArthur was notified that Hirohito had issued an order commanding the entire armed forces of his nation to halt their fighting immediately. The wide dispersion and the disrupted communications of the Japanese forces, however, made the rapid and complete implementation of such an order exceedingly difficult, so it was expected that the Imperial order would take approximately two to twelve days to reach forces throughout the Pacific and Asiatic areas. On August 17, the Emperor personally backed up these orders with a special Rescript to the armed services, carefully worded to assuage military aversion to surrender. Suzuki was also replaced on this date, with the former commander of the General Defense Army, General Prince Higashikuni Naruhiko, becoming the new Prime Minister with the initial tasks to hastily form a new cabinet capable of effecting the difficult transition to peace swiftly and without incident. The Government and Imperial General Headquarters moved quickly to hasten the preparations, but the appointment of the mission's head was held up pending the installation of the Higashikuni Cabinet. The premier-designate pressed for a rapid formation of the government, and on the afternoon of the 17th the official ceremony of installation took place in the Emperor's presence. Until General Shimomura could be summoned to Tokyo from the North China Area Army, Prince Higashikuni himself assumed the portfolio of War Minister concurrently with the premiership, Admiral Mitsumasa Yonai remaining in the critical post of Navy Minister, and Prince Ayamaro Konoe, by Marquis Kido's recommendation, entered the Cabinet as Minister without Portfolio to act as Higashikuni's closest advisor. The Foreign Minister role went to Mamoru Shigemitsu, who had previously served in the Koiso Cabinet. With the new government installed, Prince Higashikuni broadcast to the nation on the evening of 17 August, declaring that his policies as Premier would conform to the Emperor's wishes as expressed in the Imperial mandate to form a Cabinet. These policies were to control the armed forces, maintain public order, and surmount the national crisis, with scrupulous respect for the Constitution and the Imperial Rescript terminating the war. The cabinet's installation removed one delay, and in the afternoon of the same day a message from General MacArthur's headquarters clarified the mission's nature and purpose. Based on this clarification, it was promptly decided that Lieutenant General Torashiro Kawabe, Deputy Chief of the Army General Staff, should head a delegation of sixteen members, mainly representing the Army and Navy General Staffs. Kawabe was formally appointed by the Emperor on 18 August. By late afternoon that same day, the data required by the Allied Supreme Commander had largely been assembled, and a message was dispatched to Manila informing General MacArthur's headquarters that the mission was prepared to depart the following morning. The itinerary received prompt approval from the Supreme Commander. Indeed, the decision to appoint a member of the Imperial Family who had a respectable career in the armed forces was aimed both at appeasing the population and at reassuring the military. MacArthur appointed General Eichelberger's 8th Army to initiate the occupation unassisted through September 22, at which point General Krueger's 6th Army would join the effort. General Hodge's 24th Corps was assigned to execute Operation Blacklist Forty, the occupation of the Korean Peninsula south of the 38th Parallel. MacArthur's tentative schedule for the occupation outlined an initial advance party of 150 communications experts and engineers under Colonel Charles Tench, which would land at Atsugi Airfield on August 23. Naval forces under Admiral Halsey's 3rd Fleet were to enter Tokyo Bay on August 24, followed by MacArthur's arrival at Atsugi the next day and the start of the main landings of airborne troops and naval and marine forces. The formal surrender instrument was to be signed aboard an American battleship in Tokyo Bay on August 28, with initial troop landings in southern Kyushu planned for August 29–30. By September 4, Hodge's 24th Corps was to land at Inchon and begin the occupation of South Korea. In the meantime, per MacArthur's directions, a sixteen-man Japanese delegation headed by Lieutenant-General Kawabe Torashiro, Vice-Chief of the Army General Staff, left Sata Misaki on the morning of August 19; after landing at Iejima, the delegation transferred to an American transport and arrived at Nichols Field at about 18:00. That night, the representatives held their first conference with MacArthur's staff, led by Lieutenant-General Richard Sutherland. During the two days of conference, American linguists scanned, translated, and photostated the various reports, maps, and charts the Japanese had brought with them. Negotiations also resulted in permission for the Japanese to supervise the disarmament and demobilization of their own armed forces under Allied supervision, and provided for three extra days of preparation before the first occupying unit landed on the Japanese home islands on August 26. At the close of the conference, Kawabe was handed the documents containing the “Requirements of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers,” which concerned the arrival of the first echelons of Allied forces, the formal surrender ceremony, and the reception of the occupation forces. Also given were a draft Imperial Proclamation by which the Emperor would accept the terms of the Potsdam Declaration and command his subjects to cease hostilities, a copy of General Order No. 1 by which Imperial General Headquarters would direct all military and naval commanders to lay down their arms and surrender their units to designated Allied commanders, and the Instrument of Surrender itself, which would later be signed on board an American battleship in Tokyo Bay. After the Manila Conference ended, the Japanese delegation began its return to Japan at 13:00 on August 20; but due to mechanical problems and a forced landing near Hamamatsu, they did not reach Tokyo until August 21. With the scheduled arrival of the advanced party of the Allied occupation forces only five days away, the Japanese immediately began disarming combat units in the initial-occupation areas and evacuating them from those areas. The basic orders stated that Allied forces would begin occupying the homeland on 26 August and reaffirmed the intention ofImperial General Headquarters "to insure absolute obedience to the Imperial Rescript of 14 August, to prevent the occurrence of trouble with the occupying forces, and thus to demonstrate Japan's sincerity to the world." The Japanese government announced that all phases of the occupation by Allied troops would be peaceful and urged the public not to panic or resort to violence against the occupying forces. While they sought to reassure the population, they faced die-hard anti-surrender elements within the IJN, with ominous signs of trouble both from Kyushu, where many sea and air special-attack units were poised to meet an invasion, and from Atsugi, the main entry point for Allied airborne troops into the Tokyo Bay area. At Kanoya, Ugaki's successor, Vice-Admiral Kusaka Ryonosuke, hastened the separation of units from their weapons and the evacuation of naval personnel. At Atsugi, an even more threatening situation developed in the Navy's 302nd Air Group. Immediately after the announcement of the surrender, extremist elements in the group led by Captain Kozono Yasuna flew over Atsugi and the surrounding area, scattering leaflets urging the continuation of the war on the ground and claiming that the surrender edict was not the Emperor's true will but the machination of "traitors around the Throne." The extremists, numbering 83 junior officers and noncommissioned officers, did not commit hostile acts but refused to obey orders from their superior commanders. On August 19, Prince Takamatsu, the Emperor's brother and a navy captain, telephoned Atsugi and personally appealed to Captain Kozono and his followers to obey the Imperial decision. This intervention did not end the incident; on August 21 the extremists seized a number of aircraft and flew them to Army airfields in Saitama Prefecture in hopes of gaining support from Army air units. They failed in this attempt, and it was not until August 25 that all members of the group had surrendered. As a result of the Atsugi incident, on August 22 the Emperor dispatched Captain Prince Takamatsu Nabuhito and Vice-Admiral Prince Kuni Asaakira to various naval commands on Honshu and Kyushu to reiterate the necessity of strict obedience to the surrender decision. Both princes immediately left Tokyo to carry out this mission, but the situation improved over the next two days, and they were recalled before completing their tours. By this point, a typhoon struck the Kanto region on the night of August 22, causing heavy damage and interrupting communications and transport vital for evacuating troops from the occupation zone. This led to further delays in Japanese preparations for the arrival of occupation forces, and the Americans ultimately agreed to a two-day postponement of the preliminary landings. On August 27 at 10:30, elements of the 3rd Fleet entered Sagami Bay as the first step in the delayed occupation schedule. At 09:00 on August 28, Tench's advanced party landed at Atsugi to complete technical arrangements for the arrival of the main forces. Two days later, the main body of the airborne occupation forces began streaming into Atsugi, while naval and marine forces simultaneously landed at Yokosuka on the south shore of Tokyo Bay. There were no signs of resistance, and the initial occupation proceeded successfully.  Shortly after 1400, a famous C-54  the name “Bataan” in large letters on its nose circled the field and glided in for a landing. General MacArthur stepped from the aircraft, accompanied by General Sutherland and his staff officers. The operation proceeded smoothly. MacArthur paused momentarily to inspect the airfield, then climbed into a waiting automobile for the drive to Yokohama. Thousands of Japanese troops were posted along the fifteen miles of road from Atsugi to Yokohama to guard the route of the Allied motor cavalcade as it proceeded to the temporary SCAP Headquarters in Japan's great seaport city. The Supreme Commander established his headquarters provisionally in the Yokohama Customs House. The headquarters of the American Eighth Army and the Far East Air Force were also established in Yokohama, and representatives of the United States Pacific Fleet were attached to the Supreme Commander's headquarters. The intensive preparation and excitement surrounding the first landings on the Japanese mainland did not interfere with the mission of affording relief and rescue to Allied personnel who were internees or prisoners in Japan. Despite bad weather delaying the occupation operation, units of the Far East Air Forces and planes from the Third Fleet continued their surveillance missions. On 25 August they began dropping relief supplies, food, medicine, and clothing, to Allied soldiers and civilians in prisoner-of-war and internment camps across the main islands. While the advance echelon of the occupation forces was still on Okinawa, “mercy teams” were organized to accompany the first elements of the Eighth Army Headquarters. Immediately after the initial landings, these teams established contact with the Swiss and Swedish Legations, the International Red Cross, the United States Navy, and the Japanese Liaison Office, and rushed to expedite the release and evacuation, where necessary, of thousands of Allied internees.  On September 1, the Reconnaissance Troop of the 11th Airborne Division conducted a subsidiary airlift operation, flying from Atsugi to occupy Kisarazu Airfield; and on the morning of September 2, the 1st Cavalry Division began landing at Yokohama to secure most of the strategic areas along the shores of Tokyo Bay, with Tokyo itself remaining unoccupied. Concurrently, the surrender ceremony took place aboard Halsey's flagship, the battleship Missouri, crowded with representatives of the United Nations that had participated in the Pacific War.  General MacArthur presided over the epoch-making ceremony, and with the following words he inaugurated the proceedings which would ring down the curtain of war in the Pacific “We are gathered here, representatives of the major warring powers, to conclude a solemn agreement whereby peace may be restored. The issues, involving divergent ideals and ideologies, have been determined on the battlefields of the world and hence are not for our discussion or debate. Nor is it for us here to meet, representing as we do a majority of the people of the earth, in a spirit of distrust, malice or hatred. But rather it is for us, both victors and vanquished, to rise to that higher dignity which alone befits the sacred purposes we are about to serve, committing all our peoples unreservedly to faithful compliance with the understandings they are here formally to assume. It is my earnest hope, and indeed the hope of all mankind, that from this solemn occasion a better world shall emerge out of the blood and carnage of the past — a world dedicated to the dignity of man and the fulfillment of his most cherished wish for freedom, tolerance and justice. The terms and conditions upon which surrender of the Japanese Imperial Forces is here to be given and accepted are contained in the instrument of surrender now before you…”.  The Supreme Commander then invited the two Japanese plenipotentiaries to sign the duplicate surrender documents : Foreign Minister Shigemitsu, on behalf of the Emperor and the Japanese Government, and General Umezu, for the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters. He then called forward two famous former prisoners of the Japanese to stand behind him while he himself affixed his signature to the formal acceptance of the surrender : Gen. Jonathan M. Wainwright, hero of Bataan and Corregidor and Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur E. Percival, who had been forced to yield the British stronghold at Singapore. General MacArthur was followed in turn by Admiral Nimitz, who signed on behalf of the United States. Alongside the recently liberated Generals Wainwright and Percival, who had been captured during the Japanese conquest of the Philippines and Singapore respectively, MacArthur then signed the surrender documents, followed by Admiral Nimitz and representatives of the other United Nations present. The Instrument of Surrender was completely signed within twenty minutes. Shortly afterwards, MacArthur broadcast the announcement of peace to the world, famously saying, “Today the guns are silent.” Immediately following the signing of the surrender articles, the Imperial Proclamation of capitulation was issued, commanding overseas forces to cease hostilities and lay down their arms; however, it would take many days, and in some cases weeks, for the official word of surrender to be carried along Japan's badly disrupted communications channels. Various devices were employed by American commanders to transmit news of final defeat to dispersed and isolated enemy troops, such as plane-strewn leaflets, loudspeaker broadcasts, strategically placed signboards, and prisoner-of-war volunteers. Already, the bypassed Japanese garrison at Mille Atoll had surrendered on August 22; yet the first large-scale surrender of Japanese forces came on August 27, when Lieutenant-General Ishii Yoshio surrendered Morotai and Halmahera to the 93rd Division. On August 30, a British Pacific Fleet force under Rear-Admiral Cecil Harcourt entered Victoria Harbour to begin the liberation of Hong Kong; and the following day, Rear-Admiral Matsubara Masata surrendered Minami-Torishima. In the Marianas, the Japanese commanders on Rota and Pagan Islands relinquished their commands almost simultaneously with the Tokyo Bay ceremony of September 2. Later that day, the same was done by Lieutenant-General Inoue Sadae in the Palaus and by Lieutenant-General Mugikura Shunzaburo and Vice-Admiral Hara Chuichi at Truk in the Carolines. Additionally, as part of Operation Jurist, a British detachment under Vice-Admiral Harold Walker received the surrender of the Japanese garrison on Penang Island. In the Philippines, local commanders in the central Bukidnon Province, Infanta, the Bataan Peninsula, and the Cagayan Valley had already surrendered by September 2. On September 3, General Yamashita and Vice-Admiral Okawachi Denshichi met with General Wainwright, General Percival, and Lieutenant-General Wilhelm Styer, Commanding General of Army Forces of the Western Pacific, to sign the formal surrender of the Japanese forces in the Philippines. With Yamashita's capitulation, subordinate commanders throughout the islands began surrendering in increasing numbers, though some stragglers remained unaware of the capitulation. Concurrently, while Yamashita was yielding his Philippine forces, Lieutenant-General Tachibana Yoshio's 109th Division surrendered in the Bonins on September 3. On September 4, Rear-Admiral Sakaibara Shigematsu and Colonel Chikamori Shigeharu surrendered their garrison on Wake Island, as did the garrison on Aguigan Island in the Marianas. Also on September 4, an advanced party of the 24th Corps landed at Kimpo Airfield near Keijo to prepare the groundwork for the occupation of South Korea; and under Operation Tiderace, Mountbatten's large British and French naval force arrived off Singapore and accepted the surrender of Japanese forces there. On September 5, Rear-Admiral Masuda Nisuke surrendered his garrison on Jaluit Atoll in the Marshalls, as did the garrison of Yap Island. The overall surrender of Japanese forces in the Solomons and Bismarcks and in the Wewak area of New Guinea was finally signed on September 6 by General Imamura Hitoshi and Vice-Admiral Kusaka Jinichi aboard the aircraft carrier Glory off Rabaul, the former center of Japanese power in the South Pacific. Furthermore, Lieutenant-General Nomi Toshio, representing remaining Japanese naval and army forces in the Ryukyus, officially capitulated on September 7 at the headquarters of General Stilwell's 10th Army on Okinawa. The following day, Tokyo was finally occupied by the Americans, and looking south, General Kanda and Vice-Admiral Baron Samejima Tomoshige agreed to travel to General Savige's headquarters at Torokina to sign the surrender of Bougainville. On September 8, Rear-Admiral Kamada Michiaki's 22nd Naval Special Base Force at Samarinda surrendered to General Milford's 7th Australian Division, as did the Japanese garrison on Kosrae Island in the Carolines. On September 9, a wave of surrenders continued: the official capitulation of all Japanese forces in the China Theater occurred at the Central Military Academy in Nanking, with General Okamura surrendering to General He Yingqin, the commander-in-chief of the Republic of China National Revolutionary Army; subsequently, on October 10, 47 divisions from the former Imperial Japanese Army officially surrendered to Chinese military officials and allied representatives at the Forbidden City in Beijing. The broader context of rehabilitation and reconstruction after the protracted war was daunting, with the Nationalists weakened and Chiang Kai-shek's policies contributing to Mao Zedong's strengthened position, shaping the early dynamics of the resumption of the Chinese Civil War. Meanwhile, on September 9, Hodge landed the 7th Division at Inchon to begin the occupation of South Korea. In the throne room of the Governor's Palace at Keijo, soon to be renamed Seoul, the surrender instrument was signed by General Abe Nobuyuki, the Governor-General of Korea; Lieutenant-General Kozuki Yoshio, commander of the 17th Area Army and of the Korean Army; and Vice-Admiral Yamaguchi Gisaburo, commander of the Japanese Naval Forces in Korea. The sequence continued with the 25th Indian Division landing in Selangor and Negeri Sembilan on Malaya to capture Port Dickson, while Lieutenant-General Teshima Fusataro's 2nd Army officially surrendered to General Blamey at Morotai, enabling Australian occupation of much of the eastern Dutch East Indies. On September 10, the Japanese garrisons on the Wotje and Maloelap Atolls in the Marshalls surrendered, and Lieutenant-General Baba Masao surrendered all Japanese forces in North Borneo to General Wootten's 9th Australian Division. After Imamura's surrender, Major-General Kenneth Eather's 11th Australian Division landed at Rabaul to begin occupation, and the garrison on Muschu and Kairiru Islands also capitulated. On September 11, General Adachi finally surrendered his 18th Army in the Wewak area, concluding the bloody New Guinea Campaign, while Major-General Yamamura Hyoe's 71st Independent Mixed Brigade surrendered at Kuching and Lieutenant-General Watanabe Masao's 52nd Independent Mixed Brigade surrendered on Ponape Island in the Carolines. Additionally, the 20th Indian Division, with French troops, arrived at Saigon as part of Operation Masterdom and accepted the surrender of Lieutenant-General Tsuchihashi Yuitsu, who had already met with Viet Minh envoys and agreed to turn power over to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.  When the Japanese surrendered to the Allies on 15 August 1945, the Viet Minh immediately launched the insurrection they had prepared for a long time. Across the countryside, “People's Revolutionary Committees” took over administrative positions, often acting on their own initiative, and in the cities the Japanese stood by as the Vietnamese took control. By the morning of August 19, the Viet Minh had seized Hanoi, rapidly expanding their control over northern Vietnam in the following days. The Nguyen dynasty, with its puppet government led by Tran Trong Kim, collapsed when Emperor Bao Dai abdicated on August 25. By late August, the Viet Minh controlled most of Vietnam. On 2 September, in Hanoi's Ba Dinh Square, Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. As the Viet Minh began extending control across the country, the new government's attention turned to the arrival of Allied troops and the French attempt to reassert colonial authority, signaling the onset of a new and contentious phase in Vietnam's struggle.  French Indochina had been left in chaos by the Japanese occupation. On 11 September British and Indian troops of the 20th Indian Division under Major General Douglas Gracey arrived at Saigon as part of Operation Masterdom. After the Japanese surrender, all French prisoners had been gathered on the outskirts of Saigon and Hanoi, and the sentries disappeared on 18 September; six months of captivity cost an additional 1,500 lives. By 22 September 1945, all prisoners were liberated by Gracey's men, armed, and dispatched in combat units toward Saigon to conquer it from the Viet Minh, later joined by the French Far East Expeditionary Corps, established to fight the Japanese arriving a few weeks later. Around the same time, General Lu Han's 200,000 Chinese National Revolutionary Army troops of the 1st Front Army occupied Indochina north of the 16th parallel, with 90,000 arriving by October; the 62nd Army came on 26 September to Nam Dinh and Haiphong, Lang Son and Cao Bang were occupied by the Guangxi 62nd Army Corps, and the Red River region and Lai Cai were occupied by a column from Yunnan. Lu Han occupied the French governor-general's palace after ejecting the French staff under Sainteny. Consequently, while General Lu Han's Chinese troops occupied northern Indochina and allowed the Vietnamese Provisional Government to remain in control there, the British and French forces would have to contest control of Saigon. On September 12, a surrender instrument was signed at the Singapore Municipal Building for all Southern Army forces in Southeast Asia, the Dutch East Indies, and the eastern islands; General Terauchi, then in a hospital in Saigon after a stroke, learned of Burma's fall and had his deputy commander and leader of the 7th Area Army, Lieutenant-General Itagaki Seishiro, surrender on his behalf to Mountbatten, after which a British military administration was formed to govern the island until March 1946. The Japanese Burma Area Army surrendered the same day as Mountbatten's ceremony in Singapore, and Indian forces in Malaya reached Kuala Lumpur to liberate the Malay capital, though the British were slow to reestablish control over all of Malaya, with eastern Pahang remaining beyond reach for three more weeks. On September 13, the Japanese garrisons on Nauru and Ocean Islands surrendered to Brigadier John Stevenson, and three days later Major-General Okada Umekichi and Vice-Admiral Fujita Ruitaro formally signed the instrument of surrender at Hong Kong. In the meantime, following the Allied call for surrender, Japan had decided to grant Indonesian independence to complicate Dutch reoccupation: Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta signed Indonesia's Proclamation of Independence on August 17 and were appointed president and vice-president the next day, with Indonesian youths spreading news across Java via Japanese news and telegraph facilities and Bandung's news broadcast by radio. The Dutch, as the former colonial power, viewed the republicans as collaborators with the Japanese and sought to restore their colonial rule due to lingering political and economic interests in the former Dutch East Indies, a stance that helped trigger a four-year war for Indonesian independence. Fighting also erupted in Sumatra and the Celebes, though the 26th Indian Division managed to land at Padang on October 10. On October 21, Lieutenant-General Tanabe Moritake and Vice-Admiral Hirose Sueto surrendered all Japanese forces on Sumatra, yet British control over the country would dwindle in the ensuing civil conflict. Meanwhile, Formosa (Taiwan) was placed under the control of the Kuomintang-led Republic of China by General Order No. 1 and the Instrument of Surrender; Chiang Kai-shek appointed General Chen Yi as Chief Executive of Taiwan Province and commander of the Taiwan Garrison Command on September 1. After several days of preparation, an advance party moved into Taihoku on October 5, with additional personnel arriving from Shanghai and Chongqing between October 5 and 24, and on October 25 General Ando Rikichi signed the surrender document at Taipei City Hall. But that's the end for this week, and for the Pacific War.  Boy oh boy, its been a long journey hasn't it? Now before letting you orphans go into the wild, I will remind you, while this podcast has come to an end, I still write and narrate Kings and Generals Eastern Front week by week and the Fall and Rise of China Podcasts. Atop all that I have my own video-podcast Echoes of War, that can be found on Youtube or all podcast platforms. I really hope to continue entertaining you guys, so if you venture over to the other podcasts, comment you came from here! I also have some parting gifts to you all, I have decided to release a few Pacific War related exclusive episodes from my Youtuber Membership / patreon at www.patreon.com/pacificwarchannel. At the time I am writing this, over there I have roughly 32 episodes, one is uploaded every month alongside countless other goodies. Thank you all for being part of this long lasting journey. Kings and Generals literally grabbed me out of the blue when I was but a small silly person doing youtube videos using an old camera, I have barely gotten any better at it. I loved making this series, and I look forward to continuing other series going forward! You know where to find me, if you have any requests going forward the best way to reach me is just comment on my Youtube channel or email me, the email address can be found on my youtube channel. This has been Craig of the Pacific War Channel and narrator of the Pacific war week by week podcast, over and out!

26 years of career experience 2nd generation Firefighter. Deputy Chief of Special operations for Dallas Fire Department. At the age of 10 Cameron was doing ride alongs with his father who retired as Captain with 42 years of service. Cameron knew his calling from the jump and where he wanted to be. He also felt the pressure of having to live up to your last name when your father created a standard. My discussions with Cameron was real, truthful, sincere and honest. The takeaways that can be gained from listening to his experiences should no doubt help any of the listeners who might be going through the same issues. This was a fantastic interview and I truly hope you all enjoy.

Tune in tonight as Terry Elder brings you an in-depth look at The Sojourn and their controversial leader, Reverend William Stack. And what's the real story behind the Deputy Chief of Staff's surprise visit to Red Camp? All this and more. Written by Mac Rogers, Directed by Jordana Williams, Sound Design by Bart Fasbender. Featuring Briggon Snow, Jordan Tierney, Joe Mathers, Kevin R. Free, Kristen Vaughan, Sean Williams, Diana Oh, Lauren Shippen, Lori Elizabeth Parquet, Rebecca Comtois, Nat Cassidy, Dani Martineck & Brian Silliman Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What an insightful episode of The Weekly Scrap with guest host Jake Barnes, the passionate voice of 3 Point Firefighter Podcast! A dedicated advocate for improving the fire service, Jake brings his engaging style and focus on pride, training, and fitness to the mic, drawing from conversations with firefighters nationwide. With his podcast inspiring thousands, he's the perfect host to dive deep into the craft. Jake interviews Jesse Marcotte, a 23-year veteran of the Northville Township Fire Department and newly promoted Deputy Chief. A training coordinator since 2017, Jesse's expertise in evidence-based fireground tactics and instructor development has earned him international recognition. As a senior education coordinator for the Fire Safety Research Institute (FSRI) and ISFSI board member, he shapes modern firefighting through science-based training. A thoughtful discussion on leadership, innovative training methods, and fostering a strong fire service culture. From Jesse's logistics mastery to Jake's knack for sparking meaningful dialogue, this episode is practical insights and real-world wisdom for firefighters at all levels. 

The Mitchell Institute is pleased to feature Lt. Gen. Andrew J. Gebara as its next Aerospace Nation guest. He is the Deputy Chief of Staff for Strategic Deterrence and Nuclear Integration for the United States Air Force. While nuclear deterrence is always important, the current threat environment heightens the critical nature of this mission. Added to this is the reality that the U.S is in the midst of recapitalizing all three legs of its nuclear triad, plus NC3. In this position, Lt Gen Gebara is responsible for strategic deterrence policy, nuclear oversight, arms control and the Department of Defense foreign clearance program, as well as providing focus on the nuclear deterrence and countering weapons of mass destruction missions for the Air Force. Join us for what will be a most interesting conversation.

In this episode of the Your Next Mission® video podcast, SMA Tilley welcomes LTG Brian S. Eifler, Deputy Chief of Staff, U.S. Army G-1, and SGM Christopher P. “Smoke” Stevens, U.S. Army G-1 Senior Enlisted Leader. They discuss their primary focus on Army personnel and outline the development of effective policies designed to sustain personnel readiness—recognizing that people are the Army's greatest mission.

21 years of career experience. A retired Deputy Chief from the Southern California area who is now the Training Coordinator For New Mexico State, Training Captain with Santa Fe County Fire & owner and creator of From The Ashes LLC. Upon completion of serving in the armed forces Justin knew the fire service was where he wanted to be. A friend's introduction was able to get him through the door where Justin journey set sail. From fire conferences, outside trainings, switching organizations the up's & downs of staying engaged Justin went through it all. And from that was where Justin was able to gain maturity through his experiences and wants to share so others can learn and grow.IG: firedad2024 from_the_ashes_llc

The Rich Zeoli Show- Full Episode (08/07/2025) 3:05pm- In a post to social media, “comedian” Rosie O'Donnell wrote that ABC is allegedly reviewing progressive bias on The View. O'Donnell warned that the show would soon be canceled to appease “the orange messiah,” Donald Trump. Is it possible the show is in jeopardy of being discontinued because the quality is low? For example, South Park has been aggressively targeting the Trump Administration in its latest episodes—but Paramount recently awarded the show's creators with an estimated $1.5 billion. 3:30pm- Russell Vought—Director of the Office of Management & Budget—joins The Rich Zeoli Show to discuss “200 Days of Winning” with the Trump Administration. What are the Trump Administration's most underappreciated accomplishments so far? Director Vought explains: securing the U.S. Southern border & preventing entrenched bureaucrats from slowing President Donald Trump's agenda. 4:00pm- Dr. Wilfred Reilly—Professor of Political Science at Kentucky State University & Author of “Lies My Liberal Teacher Told Me”—joins The Rich Zeoli Show to discuss 40% of Brown University students claiming they are gay and a CBS host who is worried about moon colonization…because of the awful history of colonialism. Plus, his book is now officially hitting the bestseller list! You can find it here: https://a.co/d/89w7Scz. 4:30pm- National Purple Heart Day: From the White House, President Donald Trump delivered remarks during a ceremony honoring Purple Heart recipients. 4:45pm- While appearing on Fox News, Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy Stephen Miller estimated that because the 2020 census included undocumented migrants living in the U.S. unlawfully, Democrats have an additional 20 to 30 seats in the House of Representatives. 5:00pm- At least fifty-one Texas House Democrats fled the state as part of an effort to deny the Texas House a quorum—effectively preventing a vote on redistricting while also prolonging a vote on providing financial relief for families impacted by last month's devastating floods that killed more than 120 people. In response, Governor Greg Abbott has argued that fleeing the state to prevent the legislative process simply because you don't like the expected outcome of an upcoming vote amounts to an “abandonment or forfeiture of an elected state office.” 5:10pm- While appearing on CNN, political strategist Brad Todd explained that errors with the 2020 census “disproportionately” hurt Republican dominated states. 5:15pm- Democratic Strategist James Carville is now encouraging his party to make Puerto Rico and Washington D.C. states and add four seats to the Supreme Court if they take control of the House, Senate, and White House in 2028. 5:30pm- Chris Cuomo was tricked by perhaps the most obvious deep fake video of Rep. Alexandria Ocasio Cortez in recent memory—and didn't realize it for nearly 3 hours! Are we actually on Team AOC here? 5:40pm- Dr. Victoria Coates— Former Deputy National Security Advisor & the Vice President of the Davis Institute for National Security and Foreign Policy at The Heritage Foundation—joins The Rich Zeoli Show to discuss Donald Trump potentially meeting with Vladimir Putin to negotiate an end to the Russia-Ukraine war. Dr. Coates is the author of the book: “The Battle for the Jewish State: How Israel—and America—Can Win.” 6:05pm- State Rep. Briscoe Cain—Texas House of Representative from the 128th District & Chairman of the Texas Freedom Caucus—joins The Rich Zeoli Show to discuss Texas House Democrats fleeing the state to avoid voting on redistricting. Rep. Cain has filed HB 257 to vacate the seat of any legislator who skips seven straight legislative days without an excused absence. He explains: “If you abandon your job, you don't deserve the title.” 6:20pm- During a recent interview, Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard was asked about UFOs. Has she seen anything proving the existence of aliens??? 6:40pm- REPLAY: Russ ...

The Rich Zeoli Show- Hour 2: 4:00pm- Dr. Wilfred Reilly—Professor of Political Science at Kentucky State University & Author of “Lies My Liberal Teacher Told Me”—joins The Rich Zeoli Show to discuss 40% of Brown University students claiming they are gay and a CBS host who is worried about moon colonization…because of the awful history of colonialism. Plus, his book is now officially hitting the bestseller list! You can find it here: https://a.co/d/89w7Scz. 4:30pm- National Purple Heart Day: From the White House, President Donald Trump delivered remarks during a ceremony honoring Purple Heart recipients. 4:45pm- While appearing on Fox News, Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy Stephen Miller estimated that because the 2020 census included undocumented migrants living in the U.S. unlawfully, Democrats have an additional 20 to 30 seats in the House of Representatives.

Angel Studios https://Angel.com/ToddJoin the Angel Guild today and stream Testament, a powerful new series featuring the retelling of the book of Acts. Alan's Soaps https://www.AlansArtisanSoaps.comUse coupon code TODD to save an additional 10% off the bundle price.Bizable https://GoBizable.comUntie your business exposure from your personal exposure with BiZABLE.  Schedule your FREE consultation at GoBizAble.com today.  Bonefrog https://BonefrogCoffee.com/toddThe new GOLDEN AGE is here!  Use code TODD at checkout to receive 10% off your first purchase and 15% on subscriptions.Bulwark Capital https://KnowYourRiskPodcast.comBe confident in your portfolio with Bulwark! Schedule your free Know Your Risk Portfolio review. Go to KnowYourRiskPodcast.com today. Renue Healthcare https://Renue.Healthcare/ToddYour journey to a better life starts at Renue Healthcare. Visit https://Renue.Healthcare/ToddLISTEN and SUBSCRIBE at:The Todd Herman Show - Podcast - Apple PodcastsThe Todd Herman Show | Podcast on SpotifyWATCH and SUBSCRIBE at: Todd Herman - The Todd Herman Show - YouTubeGoodbye to PBS and Here's a Parting Gift… // Why Populism Is Ascendant // Jesus Christ was and IS Real and He is NOT Yours to Remake.Episode Links:BREAKING: The Corporation for Public Broadcasting, which funds NPR and PBS, says it will close down after federal cuts.Biden's doctor, Jill's Chief of Staff, and Biden's Deputy Chief of Staff have all now plead the fifth in the investigation into his cognitive declineBREAKING BIG IN IRELAND: The Court of Appeal has ruled asylum seekers DO NOT HAVE housing rights in Ireland, reversing a High Court decision.This is Cynthia Erivo as Jesus in Hollywood Bowl's Jesus Christ Superstar and Adam Lambert as Judas.Cynthia Erivo laments people not using her pronouns..

Karl Rove, former Deputy Chief of Staff and Senior Advisor to President George W. Bush, author of The Triumph of William McKinley, Wall Street Journal columnist, and Fox News contributor, joined The Guy Benson Show today to weigh in on the redistricting fight in Texas and the Democrats' dramatic decision to flee to Illinois. Rove Discussed the irony in fleeing to a state that is ironically one of the most gerrymandered in the country under Gov. J.B. Pritzker. Rove also offered an early preview of the upcoming midterm elections and what both parties should expect heading into next year, and you can listen to the full interview below. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices