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The last time Yamato was heavily involved on the continent, they were defeated militarily, and they returned to fortify their islands.  So how are things looking, now? This episode we will talk about some of what has been going on with Tang and Silla, but also touch on the Mishihase, the Hayato, the people of Tamna and Tanegashima, and more! For more information and references, check out:  https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-140   Rough Transcript   Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is episode 140: Improving Diplomatic Ties Garyang Jyeongsan and Gim Hongsye looked out from the deck of their ship, tossing and turning in the sea.  The waves were high, and the winds lashed at the ship, which rocked uncomfortably beneath their feet.  Ocean spray struck them from below while rain pelted from above. Through the torrential and unstable conditions, they looked out for their sister ship.  It was their job to escort them, but in these rough seas, bobbing up and down, they were at the mercy of the elements.  One minute they could see them, and then next it was nothing but a wall of water.  Each time they caught a glimpse the other ship seemed further and further away.  They tried calling out, but it was no use—even if they could normally have raised them, the fierce winds simply carried their voices out into the watery void.  Eventually, they lost sight of them altogether. When the winds died down and the seas settled, they looked for their companions, but they saw nothing, not even hints of wreckage on the ocean.  They could only hope that their fellow pilots knew where they were going.  As long as they could still sail, they should be able to make it to land—either to the islands  to which they were headed, or back to the safety of the peninsula. And so the escort ship continued on, even without a formal envoy to escort.  They would hope for the best, or else they would explain what would happen,  and hope that the Yamato court would understand. The seas were anything but predictable, and diplomacy was certainly not for the faint of heart.   We are going through the period of the reign of Ohoama, aka Temmu Tennou.  It started in 672, with the death of his brother, Naka no Oe, remembered as the sovereign Tenji Tenno, when Temmu took the throne from his nephew, Ohotomo, aka Kobun Tenno, in what would become known as the Jinshin no Ran.  From that point, Ohoama continued the work of his brother in creating a government based on a continental model of laws and punishments—the Ritsuryo system.  He accomplished this with assistance from his wife, Uno, and other members of the royal family—his own sons, but also nephews and other princes of the time.  And so far most of our focus has been on the local goings on within the archipelago. However, there was still plenty going on in the rest of the world, and though Yamato's focus may have been on more local affairs, it was still engaged with the rest of the world—or at least with the polities of the Korean Peninsula and the Tang Dynasty.  This episode we are going to look at Yamato's foreign relations, and how they were changing, especially as things changed on the continent. Up to this point, much of what had been happening in Yamato had been heavily influenced by the mainland in one way or another.  And to begin our discussion, we really should backtrack a bit—all the way to the Battle of Baekgang in 663, which we discussed in Episode 124.  That defeat would lead to the fall of Baekje, at the hands of the Silla-Tang alliance.  The loss of their ally on the peninsula sent Yamato into a flurry of defensive activity.  They erected fortresses on Tsushima, Kyushu, and along the Seto Inland Sea.  They also moved the capital up to Ohotsu, a more easily defended point on the shores of Lake Biwa, and likewise reinforced various strategic points in the Home Provinces as well.  These fortresses were built in the style and under the direction of many of the Baekje refugees now resettled in Yamato. For years, the archipelago braced for an invasion by the Silla-Tang alliance.  After all, with all that Yamato had done to support Baekje, it only made sense, from their perspective, for Silla and Tang to next come after them.  Sure, there was still Goguryeo, but with the death of Yeon Gaesomun, Goguryeo would not last that long.  With a unified peninsula, then why wouldn't they next look to the archipelago? And yet, the attack never came.  While Yamato was building up its defenses, it seems that the alliance between Silla and Tang was not quite as strong as their victories on the battlefield may have made it seem.  This is hardly surprising—the Tang and Silla were hardly operating on the same scale.  That said, the Tang's immense size, while bringing it great resources, also meant that it had an extremely large border to defend.  They often utilized alliances with other states to achieve their ends.  In fact, it seems fairly common for the Tang to seek alliances with states just beyond their borders against those states that were directly on their borders.  In other words, they would effectively create a pincer maneuver by befriending the enemy of their enemy.  Of course.  Once they had defeated said enemy well, wouldn't you know it, their former ally was now their newest bordering state. In the case of the Silla-Tang alliance, it appears that at the start of the alliance, back in the days of Tang Taizong, the agreement, at least from Silla's perspective, was that they would help each other against Goguryeo and Baekje, and then the Tang dynasty would leave the Korean peninsula to Silla.  However, things didn't go quite that smoothly.  The fighting against Goguryeo and Baekje can be traced back to the 640s, but Tang Taizong passed away in 649, leaving the throne to his heir, Tang Gaozong.  The Tang forces eventually helped Silla to take Baekje after the battle of Baekgang River in 663, and then Goguryeo fell in 668, but the Tang forces didn't leave the peninsula.  They remained in the former territories of Baekje and in Goguryeo, despite any former agreements.  Ostensibly they were no doubt pointing to the continuing revolts and rebellions in both regions.  While neither kingdom would fully reassert itself, it didn't mean that there weren't those who were trying.  In fact, the first revolt in Goguryeo was in 669.  There was also a revolt each year until 673.  The last one had some staying power, as the Goguryeo rebels continued to hold out for about four years. It is probably worth reminding ourselves that the Tang dynasty, during this time, had reached out on several occasions to Yamato, sending diplomatic missions, as had Silla.  While the Yamato court may have been preparing for a Tang invasion, the Tang perspective seems different.  They were preoccupied with the various revolts going on, and they had other problems.  On their western border, they were having to contend with the kingdom of Tibet, for example.  The Tibetan kingdom had a powerful influence on the southern route around the Taklamakan desert, which abuts the Tibetan plateau.   The Tang court would have had to divert resources to defend their holdings in the western regions, and it is unlikely that they had any immediate designs on the archipelago, which I suspect was considered something of a backwater to them, at the time.  In fact, Yamato would have been much more useful to the Tang as an ally to help maintain some pressure against Silla, with whom their relationship, no longer directed at a common enemy, was becoming somewhat tense. In fact, just before Ohoama came to the throne, several events had occurred that would affect the Silla-Tang alliance. The first event is more indirect—in 670, the Tibetan kingdom attacked the Tang empire.  The fighting was intense, and required serious resources from both sides.  Eventually the Tibetan forces were victorious, but not without a heavy toll on the Tibetan kingdom, which some attribute to the latter's eventual demise.  Their pyrrhic victory, however, was a defeat for the Tang, who also lost troops and resources in the fighting.  Then, in 671, the Tang empire would suffer another loss as Silla would drive the Tang forces out of the territory of the former kingdom of Baekje. With the Baekje territory under their control, it appears that Silla was also working to encourage some of rebellions in Goguryeo.  This more than irked the Tang court, currently under the formal control of Tang Gaozong and the informal—but quite considerable—control of his wife, Wu Zetian, who some claim was the one actually calling most of the shots in the court at this point in time.  Silla encouragement of restoration efforts in Goguryeo reached the Tang court in 674, in and in 675 we see that the Tang forces were sent to take back their foothold in the former Baekje territory.  Tang defeated Silla at Gyeonggi, and Silla's king, Munmu, sent a tribute mission to the Tang court, apologizing for their past behavior. However, the Tang control could not be maintained, as they had to once again withdraw most of their troops from the peninsula to send them against the Tibetan kingdom once more.  As soon as they did so, Silla once again renewed their attacks on Tang forces on the peninsula.  And so, a year later, in 676, the Tang forces were back.  They crossed the Yellow Sea to try and take back the Tang territories on the lower peninsula, but they were unsuccessful.  Tang forces were defeated by Silla at Maeso Fortress in modern day Yeoncheon.  After a bit more fighting, Silla ended up in control of all territory south of the Taedong River, which runs through Pyongyang, one of the ancient capitals of Goguryeo and the capital of modern North Korea.  This meant that the Tang dynasty still held much of the territory of Goguryeo under their control. With everything that was going on, perhaps that explains some of the apparently defensive measures that Yamato continued to take.  For example, the second lunar month of 675, we know that Ohoama proceeded to Takayasu castle, likely as a kind of formal inspection.  Then, in the 10th lunar month of 675 Ohoama commanded that everyone from the Princes down to the lowest rank were to provide the government with weapons.  A year later, in the 9th month of 676, the Princes and Ministers sent agents to the capital and the Home Provinces and gave out weapons to each man.  Similar edicts would be issued throughout the reign.  So in 679 the court announced that in two years time, which is to say the year 681, there would be a review of the weapons and horses belonging to the Princes of the Blood, Ministers, and any public functionaries.  And in that same year, barrier were erected for the first time on Mt. Tatsta and Mt. Afusaka, along with an outer line of fortifications at Naniwa. While some of that no doubt also helped to control internal movements, it also would have been useful to prepare for the possibility of future invasions.  And the work continued.  In 683  we see a royal command to all of the various provinces to engage in military training.  And in 684 it was decreed at that there would be an inspection in the 9th month of the following year—685—and they laid out the ceremonial rules, such as who would stand where, what the official clothing was to look like, etc.  Furthermore, there was also an edict that all civil and military officials should practice the use of arms and riding horses.  They were expected to supply their own horses, weapons, and anything they would wear into battle. If they owned horses, they would be considered cavalry soldiers, while those who did not have their own horse would be trained as infantry.  Either way, they would each receive training, and the court was determined to remove any obstacles and excuses that might arise.   Anyone who didn't comply would be punished.  Non compliance could mean refusing to train, but it could also just mean that they did not provide the proper horses or equipment, or they let their equipment fall into a state of disrepair.  Punishments could range from fines to outright flogging, should they be found guilty.  On the other hand, those who practiced well would have any punishments against them for other crimes reduced by two degrees, even if it was for a capital crime.  This only applied to previous crimes, however—if it seemed like you were trying to take advantage of this as a loophole to be able to get away with doing your own thing than the pardon itself would be considered null and void. A year later, the aforementioned inspection was carried out by Princes Miyatokoro, Hirose, Naniwa, Takeda, and Mino.  Two months later, the court issued another edict demanding that military equipment—specifically objects such as large or small horns, drums, flutes, flags, large bows, or catapults—should be stored at the government district house and not kept in private arsenals.  The "large bow" in this case may be something like a ballista, though Aston translates it to crossbow—unfortunately, it isn't exactly clear, and we don't necessarily have a plethora of extant examples to point to regarding what they meant.  Still, these seem to be focused on things that would be used by armies—especially the banners, large bows, and catapults.  The musical instruments may seem odd, though music was often an important part of Tang dynasty military maneuvers.  It was used to coordinate troops, raise morale, provide a marching rhythm, and more.  Granted, much of this feels like something more continental, and it is unclear if music was regularly used in the archipelago.  This could be more of Yamato trying to emulate the Tang dynasty rather than something that was commonplace on the archipelago.  That might also explain the reference to the Ohoyumi and the catapults, or rock throwers. All of this language having to do with military preparations could just be more of the same as far as the Sinicization of the Yamato government is concerned; attempts to further emulate what they understood of the civilized governments on the mainland—or at least their conception of those governments based on the various written works that they had imported.  Still, I think it is relevant that there was a lot of uncertainty regarding the position of various polities and the potential for conflict.  Each year could bring new changes to the political dynamic that could see military intervention make its way across the straits.  And of course, there was always the possibility that Yamato itself might decide to raise a force of its own. Throughout all of this, there was continued contact with the peninsula and other lands.  Of course, Silla and Goguryeo were both represented when Ohoama came to the throne—though only the Silla ambassador made it to the ceremony, apparently.  In the 7th lunar month of 675, Ohotomo no Muraji no Kunimaro was sent to Silla as the Chief envoy, along with Miyake no Kishi no Irishi.  They likely got a chance to witness first-hand the tensions between Silla and the Tang court.  The mission would return in the second lunar month of the following year, 676.  Eight months later, Mononobe no Muarji no Maro and Yamashiro no Atahe no Momotari were both sent.  That embassy also returned in the 2nd lunar month of the following year. Meanwhile, it wasn't just Yamato traveling to Silla—there were also envoys coming the other way.  For example, in the 2nd lunar month of 675 we are told that Silla sent Prince Chyungweon as an ambassador.  His retinue was apparently detained on Tsukushi while the actual envoy team went on to the Yamato capital.  It took them about two months to get there, and then they stayed until the 8th lunar month, so about four months in total. At the same time, in the third month, Goguryeo and Silla both sent "tribute" to Yamato.  And in the 8th month, Prince Kumaki, from Tamna, arrived at Tsukushi as well.  Tamna, as you may recall, refers to nation on the island known today as Jeju.  The late Alexander Vovin suggested that the name originated from a proto-Japonic cognate with "Tanimura", and many of the names seem to also bear out a possible Japonic influence on the island nation. Although they only somewhat recently show up in the Chronicles from our perspective, archaeological evidence suggests that they had trade with Yayoi Japan and Baekje since at least the first century.  With the fall of Baekje, and the expansion of Yamato authority to more of the archipelago, we've seen a notable uptick in the communication between Tamna and Yamato noted in the record.  A month after the arrival of Prince Kumaki in Tsukushi, aka Kyushu, it is noted that a Prince Koyo of Tamna arrived at Naniwa.  The Tamna guests would stick around for almost a year, during which time they were presented with a ship and eventually returned in the 7th lunar month of the following year, 676.   Tamna envoys, who had also shown up in 673, continued to be an annual presence at the Yamato court through the year 679, after which there is an apparent break in contact, picking back up in 684 and 685. 676 also saw a continuation of Silla representatives coming to the Yamato court, arriving in the 11th lunar month.  That means they probably passed by the Yamato envoys heading the other way.  Silla, under King Mumnu, now had complete control of the Korean peninsula south of the Taedong river.  In the same month we also see another mission from Goguryeo, but the Chronicle also points out that the Goguryeo envoys had a Silla escort, indicating the alliance between Silla and those attempting to restore Goguryeo—or at least the area of Goguryeo under Tang control.  The Tang, for their part, had pulled back their commandary to Liaodong, just west of the modern border between China and North Korea, today.  Goguryeo would not go quietly, and the people of that ancient kingdom—one of the oldest on the peninsula—would continue to rise up and assert their independence for years to come. The chronicles also record envoys from the somewhat mysterious northern Mishihase, or Sushen, thought to be people of the Okhotsk Sea culture from the Sakhalin islands.  There were 11 of them, and they came with the Silla envoys, possibly indicating their influence on the continent and through the Amur river region.  Previously, most of the contact had been through the regions of Koshi and the Emishi in modern Tohoku and Hokkaido.  This seems to be their only major envoy to the Yamato court recorded in this reign. Speaking of outside groups, in the 2nd lunar month of 677 we are told that there was an entertainment given to men of Tanegashima under the famous Tsuki tree west of Asukadera.  Many people may know Tanegashima from the role it played in the Sengoku Period, when Europeans made contact and Tanegashima became a major hub of Sengoku era firearm manufacturing.  At this point, however, it seems that it was still a largely independent island in the archipelago off the southern coast of Kyushu.  Even southern Kyushu appears to have retained some significant cultural differences at this time, with the "Hayato" people being referenced in regards to southern Kyushu—we'll talk about them in a bit as they showed up at the capital in 682.  Tanegashima is actually closer to Yakushima, another island considered to be separate, culturally, from Yamato, and could be considered the start of the chain of islands leading south to Amami Ohoshima and the other Ryukyuan islands.  That said, Tanegashima and Yakushima are much closer to the main islands of the archipelago and show considerable influence, including Yayoi and Kofun cultural artifacts, connecting them more closely to those cultures, even if Yamato initially saw them as distinct in some way. A formal Yamato envoy would head down to Tanegashima two years later, in the 11th lunar month of 679.  It was headed up by Yamato no Umakahibe no Miyatsuko no Tsura and Kami no Sukuri no Koukan.  The next reference to the mission comes in 681, when the envoys returned and presented a map of the island.  They claimed that it was in the middle of the ocean, and that rice was always abundant. With a single sowing of rice it was said that they could get two harvests.  Other products specifically mentioned were cape jasmine and bulrushes, though they then note that there were also many other products that they didn't bother to list.  This must have been considered quite the success, as the Yamato envoys were each awarded a grade of rank for their efforts.   They also appear to have returned with some of the locals, as they were entertained again in Asuka—this time on the riverbank west of Asukadera, where various kinds of music were performed for them. Tanegashima and Yakushima would be brought formally under Yamato hegemony in 702 with the creation of Tane province, but for now it was still considered separate.  This was probably just the first part of the efforts to bring them into Yamato, proper. Getting back to the Silla envoys who had arrived in 676, they appear to have remained for several months.  In the third lunar month of 677 we are told that they, along with guests of lower rank—thirteen persons all told—were invited to the capital.  Meanwhile, the escort envoys and others who had not been invited to the capital were entertained in Tsukushi and returned from there. While this was going on, weather out in the straits drove a Silla boat to the island of Chikashima.  Aboard was a Silla man accompanined by three attendants and three Buddhist priests.  We aren't told where they were going, but they were given shelter and when the Silla envoy, Kim Chyeonpyeong, returned home he left with those who had been driven ashore, as well. The following year, 678, was not a great one for the Silla envoys.  Garyang Jyeongsan and Gim Hongsye arrived at Tsukushi, but they were just the escorts.  The actual envoys had been separated by a storm at sea and never arrived.  In their place, the escort envoys were sent to the capital, probably to at least carry through with the rituals of diplomacy.  This was in the first month of the following year, 679, and given when envoys had previously arrived, it suggests to me that they waited a few months, probably to see if the envoys' ship eventually appeared and to give the court time to figure out what to do.  A month later, the Goguryeo envoys arrived, still being accompanied by Silla escorts, also arrived. Fortunately the Yamato envoys to Silla and elsewhere fared better.  That year, 679, the envoys returned successfully from Silla, Goguryeo, and Tamna.  Overall, though, I think it demonstrates that this wasn't just a pleasure cruise.  There was a very real possibility that one could get lost at sea.  At the same time, one needed people of sufficient status to be able to carry diplomatic messages and appropriately represent the court in foreign lands.  We often seen envoys later taking on greater positions of responsibility in the court, and so you didn't have to go far to find those willing to take the risk for later rewards. That same year, another tribute mission from Silla did manage to make the crossing successfully.  And in this mission we are given more details, for they brought gold, silver, iron, sacrificial cauldrons with three feet, brocade, cloth, hides, horses, dogs, mules, and camels.  And those were just the official gifts to the court.  Silla also sent distinct presents for the sovereign, the queen, and the crown prince, namely gold, silver, swords, flags, and things of that nature. This appears to demonstrate increasingly close ties between Silla and Yamato. All of that arrived in the 10th lunar month of 679, and they stayed through the 6th lunar month of 680—about 7 to 9 months all told, depending on if there were any intercalary months that year.  In addition to entertaining the Silla envoys in Tsukushi—it is not mentioned if they made it to the capital—we are also told that in the 2nd lunar month, halfway through the envoys' visit, eight labourers from Silla were sent back to their own country with gifts appropriate to their station. Here I have to pause and wonder what exactly is meant by this.  "Labourer" seems somewhat innocuous.  I suspect that their presence in Yamato may have been less than voluntary, and I wonder if these were captured prisoners of war who could have been in Yamato now for over a decade.  If so, this could have been a gesture indicating that the two sides were putting all of that nastiness with Baekje behind them, and Yamato was accepting Silla's new role on the peninsula.  Or maybe I'm reading too much into it, but it does seem to imply that Silla and Yamato were growing closer, something that Yamato would need if it wanted to have easy access, again, to the wider world. Speaking of returning people, that seems to have been something of a common thread for this year, 680, as another mission from Goguryeo saw 19 Goguryeo men also returned to their country.  These were condolence envoys who had come to mourn the death of Takara Hime—aka Saimei Tennou.  They must have arrived in the midst of all that was happening peninsula, and as such they were detained.  Their detention is somewhat interesting, when you think about it, since technically Baekje and Goguryeo—and thus Yamato—would have been on the same side against the Silla-Tang alliance.  But perhaps it was just considered too dangerous to send them home, initially, and then the Tang had taken control of their home.  It is unclear to me how much they were being held by Yamato and how much they were just men without a country for a time.  This may reflect how things on the mainland were stabilizing again, at least from Yamato's perspective.  However, as we'll discuss a bit later, it may have also been another attempt at restoring the Goguryeo kingdom by bringing back refugees, especially if they had connections with the old court.  The Goguryeo envoys—both the recent mission and those who had been detained—would remain until the 5th lunar month of 681, when they finally took their leave.  That year, there were numerous mission both from and to Silla and Goguryeo, and in the latter part of the year, Gim Chyungpyeong came once again, once more bearing gives of gold, silver, copper, iron, brocade, thin silk, deerskins, and fine cloth.  They also brought gold, silver, flags of a rosy-colored brocade and skins for the sovereign, his queen, and the crown prince. That said, the 681 envoys also brought grave news:  King Munmu of Silla was dead.  Munmu had reigned since 661, so he had overseen the conquest of Silla and Goguryeo.  His regnal name in Japanese might be read as Monmu, or even "Bunbu", referencing the blending of literary and cultural achievements seen as the pinnacle of noble attainment.  He is known as Munmu the Great for unifying the peninsula under a single ruler—though much of the Goguryeo territory was still out of reach.  Indeed he saw warfare and the betterment of his people, and it is no doubt significant that his death is recorded in the official records of the archipelago.   He was succeeded by his son, who would reign as King Sinmun, though the succession wasn't exactly smooth. We are told that Munmu, knowing his time was short, requested that his son, the Crown Prince, be named king before they attended to Munmu's own funerary arrangements, claiming that the throne should not sit vacant.  This may have been prescient, as the same year Munmu died and Sinmun ascended to the throne there was a revolt, led by none other than Sinmun's own father-in-law, Kim Heumdol.  Heumdol may, himselve, have been more of a figurehead for other political factions in the court and military.  Nonetheless, the attempted coup of 681 was quickly put down—the envoys in Yamato would likely only learn about everything after the dust had settled upon their return. The following year, 682, we see another interesting note about kings, this time in regards to the Goguryeo envoys, whom we are told were sent by the King of Goguryeo.  Ever since moving the commandery to Liaodong, the Tang empire had claimed dominion over the lands of Goguryeo north of the Taedong river.  Originally they had administered it militarily, but in 677 they crowned a local, Bojang as the "King of Joseon", using the old name for the region, and put him in charge of the Liaodong commandery.  However, he was removed in 681, and sent into exile in Sichuan, because rather than suppressing revolt, he had actually encouraged restoration attempts, inviting back Goguryeo refugees, like those who had been detained in Yamato.  Although Bojang himself was sent into exile, his descendants continued to claim sovereignty, so it may have been one of them that was making the claim to the "King of Goguryeo", possibly with Silla's blessing. Later that year, 682, we see Hayato from Ohosumi and Ata—possibly meaning Satsuma—the southernmost point of Kyushu coming to the court in 682.  They brought tribute and representatives of Ohosumi and Ata wrestled, with the Ohosumi wrestler emerging victorious.  They were entertained west of Asukadera, and various kinds of music was performed and gifts were given. They were apparently quite the sight, as Buddhist priests and laiety all came out to watch. Little is known for certain about the Hayato.  We have shields that are attributed to them, but their association may have more to do with the fact that they were employed as ceremonial guards for a time at the palace.  We do know that Southern Kyushu had various groups that were seen as culturally distinct from Yamato, although there is a lot of overlap in material culture.  We also see early reports of the Kumaso, possibly two different groups, the Kuma and So, in earlier records, and the relationship between the Kumaso and the Hayato is not clearly defined. What we do know is that southern Kyushu, for all that it shared with Yamato certain aspects of culture through the kofun period, for example, they also had their own traditions. For example, there is a particular burial tradition of underground kofun that is distinct to southern Kyushu.  A great example of this can be found at the Saitobaru Kofun cluster in Miyazaki, which contains these unique southern Kyushu style burials along with more Yamato style keyhole shaped and circular type kofun.  Miyazaki sits just north of the Ohosumi peninsula, in what was formerly the land of Hyuga, aka  Himuka.  This is also where a lot of the founding stories of the Heavenly grandchild were placed, and even today there is a shrine there to the Heavenly Rock Cave.  In other words there are a lot of connections with Southern Kyushu, and given that the Chronicles were being written in the later 7th and early 8th centuries, it is an area of intense interest when trying to understand the origins of Yamato and Japanese history. Unfortunately, nothing clearly tells us exactly how the Hayato were separate, but in the coming century they would both come under Yamato hegemony and rebel against it, time and again.  This isn't the first time they are mentioned, but it may be the first time that we see them as an actual people, in a factual entry as earlier references in the Chronicles are suspect. Continuing on with our look at diplomacy during this period, the year 683 we see a continuation of the same patterns, with nothing too out of the ordinary.  Same with most of 684 until the 12th lunar month.  It is then that we see a Silla ship arrive with Hashi no Sukune no Wohi and Shirawi no Fubito no Hozen.  They had both, previously been to the Tang empire to study, though we don't have a record of them leaving for that or any other purpose.  They are accompanied by Witsukahi no Muraji no Kobito and Tsukushi no Miyake no Muraji no Tokuko, both of whom had apparently been captured and taken by the Tang dynasty during the Baekje campaign.  Apparently they had all traveled back from the Tang empire together to Silla, who then provided them passage to Yamato. The timing of this suggests it may have had something to do with the changes going on in the Tang empire—changes that I desperately want to get into, but given that we are already a good ways into this current episode, I think I will leave it for later.  But I will note this:  Emperor Gaozong had passed away and his wife, Empress Wu Zetian, was now ruling as regent for her sons.  Wu Zetian is probably the most famous empress in all of Chinese history, and while she held de facto power as a co-regent during her husband's reign and as a regent during her sons' reigns, she would actually ascend the throne herself in 690.  Her reign as a woman during a time of heightened patriarchal tradition is particularly of note, and it leads us to wonder about the vilification that she received by the men who followed her rule.  And I really want to get into all of that but, thematically, I think it better to wait.  Those of you reading ahead in the syllabus—which is to say the Chronicles—probably know why.  So let us just leave it there and say that the Tang was going through a few things, and that may explain why students were returning back in the company of former war captives. A few months later, the Silla escort, Gim Mulyu, was sent home along with 7 people from Silla who had been washed ashore—presumably during a storm or other such event, again illustrating the dangers of taking to the ocean at this time.  Perhaps related to that theme is the entry only a month later, which merely stated that Gim Jusan of Silla returned home.  Gim Jusan was an envoy sent to Yamato in the 11th lunar month of 683.  He was entertained in Tsukushi, and we are told that he returned to his own country on the 3rd month of 684.  Now we are seeing an entry in the 4th month of 685 that this same person apparently returned home. It is possible that something got mixed up, and that the Chroniclers were dealing with a typo in the records that made it seem like this took place a year later than it did.  This was certainly an issue at this time, given all the math one had to do just to figure out what day it was.  There is also the possibility that he returned on another embassy, but just wasn't mentioned for some reason.  The last possible explanation is that he somehow got lost and it took him a year to find his way back.  Not entirely impossible back then, though I am a bit skeptical.  Among other things, why would that note have found its way into the Chronicles in Yamato?  While they were certainly using some continental sources, this seems like something they were talking about as far as him leaving the archipelago, rather than discussion of something happening elsewhere. Speaking of happening elsewhere, I'm wondering about another event that happened around this time as well.  In fact, it was while Gim Mulyu was still in the archipelago.  For some reason the Yamato court granted rank to 147 individuals from Tang, Baekje, and Goguryeo.  Interestingly, they don't mention Silla.  Furthermore, there is no real mention of any Tang envoys during this reign.  In fact, there is hardly mention of the Tang dynasty at all.  There is a mention of some 30 Tang men—captives, presumably—being sent to the Yamato court from Tsukushi.  Those men were settled in Toutoumi, so there were men of Tang in the archipelago.  But beyond that, there are only three other mentions of the Tang dynasty.  One was when the students and war captives came back.  Another was this note about giving rank to 147 individuals.  Finally there is a similar record in 686, at the very end of the reign, where it is 34 persons who were given rank.  This time it was to carpenters, diviners, physicians, students from Tang—possibly those who had just come back a year or so earlier.  So if there weren't envoys from Tang, Goguryeo, and Baekje, who were these people and why were they being granted Yamato court rank?  My assumption is that it was foreigners living in the archipelago, and being incorporated into the Yamato court system.  Still, it is interesting that after the overtures by the Tang in the previous reign we have heard virtually nothing since then.  Again, that is likely largely due to the conflicts between Tang and Silla, though now, things seem to be changing.  The conflicts have settled down, and new rulers are in place, so we'll see how things go. Speaking of which, let's finish up with the diplomatic exchanges in this reign.  I'm only hitting some of the highlights here.  First is the return from Silla, in the 5th month of 685, of Takamuku no Asomi no Maro and Tsuno no Asomi no Ushikahi.  They had traveled to Silla in 684, and they did not come back emptyhanded.  The new King of Silla presented them with gifts, including 2 horses, 3 dogs, 2 parrots, and 2 magpies.  They also brought back the novice monks Kanjou and Ryoukan.  Not bad, overall. Then, 6 months later, another tribute mission came, but this one has an interesting—if somewhat questionable—note attached to it.  It is said that the envoys Gim Jisyang and Gim Geonhun were sent to request "governance" and to bring tribute.  This certainly go the court's attention.  They didn't bring the envoys all the way to the capital, but they did send to them, in Tsukushi, Prince Kawachi, Ohotomo no Sukune no Yasumaro, Fujiwara no Asomi no Ohoshima, and Hodzumi no Asomi no Mushimaro. About three months later they send the musical performers from Kawaradera to provide entertainment during a banquet for the Silla envoy, and in payment some 5,000 bundles of rice rom the private lands attached to the queen's palace were granted to the temple in gratitude. The Silla tribute was then brought to the capital from Tsukushi.  This time it was more than 100 items, including one fine horse, one mule, two dogs, a gold container inlaid with some kind of design, gold, silver, faint brocade, silk gauze, tiger and leopard skins, and a variety of medicines.  In addition, as was now common, the envoys, Gim Jisyang and Gim Geonhun, apparently had personal gifts to give in the form of gold, silver, faint brocade, silk gauze, gold containers, screens, saddle hides, silk cloth, and more medicine.  There were also gifts specifically for the sovereign, the queen, the Crown Prince, and for the various princes of the blood. The court returned this favor with gifts to the envoys, presented at a banquet just for them, before sending them on their way. A couple of notes.  First off, it is interesting that they are entertained at Tsukushi rather than being invited to the capital, and I wonder if this was because the sovereign, Ohoama, wasn't doing so well.  This was all happening in 685 and 686, and the sovereign would pass away shortly afterwards.  So it is possible that Ohoama just was not up to entertaining visitors at this time.  Of course, the Chronicles often don't tell us exactly why a given decision was made, only that it was.  And sometimes not even that. The other thing that seems curious is the mention of a request for governance.  That almost sounds like Silla was asking to come under Yamato hegemony, which I seriously doubt.  It may be that they were asking something along the lines of an alliance, but it is also possible that the scribes recording things for Yamato heard what they wanted to hear and so wrote it down in the light most favorable to Yamato laying claim to the peninsula. Or perhaps I'm misunderstanding exactly what they were asking for.  Maybe "governance" here means something else—perhaps just some kind of better relationship. And with that, we'll leave it for now.  There is more developing in the next reign, but I think we want to wait until we get there.  There are still a lot more things to cover in this reign before we move on—we haven't even touched on the establishment of the new capital, on the various court events, not to mention some of the laws and punishments that this period is named for.  And there is the minor issue of a rebellion.  All of that will be dealt with.  And then, after that, we get to the final reign of the Chronicles: the reign of Jitou Tennou.  From there?  Who knows. It is the winter holiday season, so I hope everyone is enjoying themselves.  Next episode will be the New Year's recap, and then we should finish with this reign probably in January or early February. Until then, if you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.

Join Kate Stanton Melendez for an interview with soft sculpture artist, performance artist, and college professor Kelly Boehmer.    Kelly has exhibited and performed her work nationally and internationally in over 175 exhibitions including shows in Baltimore, Dallas, Miami, New York City, New Orleans, Pittsburgh, San Juan, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea and Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.  She received her BFA in Studio Art at the Maryland Institute College of Art and her MFA in Studio Art at the University of South Florida. She is a member of the performance art band, Glitter Chariot. Kelly is a Professor of Foundations Studies at Savannah College of Art and Design, in Savannah, GA.   Boehmer's soft sculptures combine tragic humor with a celebration of the hidden beauty found within anxiety. Her creatures serve as metaphors for personal struggles with anxiety and aging. She finds humor in her attempts to become "comfortable in my own skin" and to navigate these challenges, particularly with social anxiety. Though the imagery may appear grotesque, with flayed and molting forms, these creatures represent growth, transformation, and positive change. She uses glittery sheer fabrics and vivid faux fur, to contrast difficult emotions with inviting textures. This creates a tension between attraction and repulsion, softening the rawness of the subject matter and making it more approachable for the viewer. Many of her works draw inspiration from iconic pieces in art history, such as the Unicorn Tapestries, the Laocoön Group, Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal, and The Arnolfini Portrait. Her aggressive hand-sewing technique is similar to an expressive line in drawing. A key element of the process involves repurposing materials from previous sculptures, cutting them up after an exhibition and combining them with upcycled taxidermy. This gives the materials a “second life,” creating a layered history of growth and change embedded within the pieces themselves.   Check out Kelly's work here: https://www.kellyboehmer.com/ Kelly Boehmer (@kelly.boehmer) • Instagram photos and videoshttps://www.instagram.com/kelly.boehmer/?hl=en   Buy Kelly's work from Cindy Lisica Gallery in the Atlanta Art Fair: https://artcloud.market/show/cindy-liscia-gallery-atlanta-art-fair   See her husband Chuck Carbia's work here: https://www.chuckcarbia.com/

Kim Bo ram is a traditional singer who carries Jeju's folk songs and labor songs into the present with a modern sensibility. She first came to the island in 2006 after graduating from university for a performance project, and in 2013 she settled permanently after marriage. At Seoul Institute of the Arts, she majored in traditional performance arts, studying samulnori, pungmul, and mask dance while internalizing the power of rhythm and beat. During college, a class in Gyeonggi folk songs led her onto the path of singing, and in Jeju she deepenred her practice under the guidance of the late master Go Seong-ok. Her debut at the Jeju Folk Song Contest, where she sang “Nangttabi Sori” and “Cholhong Aegi,” remains an unforgettable stage in her journey. Today she performs pieces like “Cholhong Aegi” on stages, in schools, and on the streets, while also creating new works that carry Jeju's sound forward.

In this episode of the K League United podcast, Andrew Farrell is joined by Luke Evans and Mike Brandon to look back over the first phase of K League 2 fixtures.   With Paul Neat and Matthew Binns unavailable due to international call ups, Andrew took over the podcast this week, and naturally turned it in a K League 2 special. But with good reason. The first round robin fixtures are done, and now that the dust has settled, Luke joins the show to discuss Incheon United's near-perfect start to the season. The leaders have opened up a big gap at the summit having dropped just five points thus far.   Andrew looks back on a typically roller-coaster start to the season for the third-placed Suwon Samsung, who missed a huge opportunity last weekend to close the gap on their Gyeonggi-do rivals and jump Seoul E-Land in the table. Before all that, Mike opens up about the life of an Ansan Greeners fan, normally derided in Korean football, but this season showing signs of a welcome improvement.

This week's episode opens with Jeongmin walking us through a rollercoaster week in South Korean politics. Former Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung secured the party's presidential nomination over former Gyeonggi governor Kim Dong-yeon last week, while the People Power Party (PPP) narrowed its primary field to former party leader Han Dong-hoon and former labor minister Kim Moon-soo. The team then breaks down the dramatic sequence that followed: a surprise Supreme Court ruling in Lee's election law case, and — just one hour later — Acting President Han Duck-soo's resignation and public address, setting the stage for his own presidential run. They then discuss key implications from the week's political chaos, including the National Assembly's surprise bipartisan agreement on a supplementary budget and the potential for the eventual PPP nominee to form an alliance with Han. John discusses the cyber attack that has struck SK Telecom, affecting 23 to 25 million users whose identities may have been compromised. Finally, the trio looks ahead to a critical deadline on May 3, when the PPP will decide which of its final two contenders will be its nominee for the presidential election, and previews the fast-approaching May 11 candidate registration deadline. About the podcast: The Korea Pro Podcast is a weekly 15-minute conversation hosted by Korea Risk Group Executive Director Jeongmin Kim (@jeongminnkim) and Editor John Lee (@koreanforeigner), diving deep into the most pressing stories shaping South Korea — and dissecting the most complicated ones for professionals monitoring ROK politics, diplomacy, culture, society and technology. Uploaded every Friday. This episode was recorded on Thursday, May 1, 2025. Audio edited by Gaby Magnuson

INTRO Good afternoon, I'm _____ with today's episode of EZ News. Taiex open The Taiex opened up 178.34 points at 21,271.09, on turnover of NT$4.81 billion. The upward tick came after the index suffered its third steepest decline in history, tumbling almost 1,000 points on the back of a sell-off triggered by Wall Street. DPP Secretary-General Tells America that Taiwan is Determined to Defend Itself Against China D-P-P Secretary-General Lin You-chang says Taiwan is determined to defend itself against China. During a public seminar hosted by the Global Taiwan Institute in Washington, D.C., Lin said Taiwan's will to defend itself, as well its investments in national security, continue to grow stronger .. .. and while the Lai administration has the ideal of pursuing peace, Taiwan must not have illusions about China, as Beijing's intention to seize Taiwan has never changed regardless of which party is in power in Taiwan. Lin said Beijing has only adjusted its approach from using "shells and missiles" during Chen Shui-bian's presidency, to "money" during Ma Ying-jeou's presidency, and "shells, missiles, silver bullets, and cognitive warfare" during Tsai Ing-wen's presidency. Lin said that under President Lai Ching-te, China is using all of those approaches as well as disinformation (假信息) and legal battles in an attempt to disrupt and infiltrate Taiwanese society. Taipei Zoo Announces Deaths of Three Long-Term Residents And, The Taipei Zoo has announced the deaths of three of long term residents -- a white rhino, its last American bison, and a Bengal tiger. American bison (野牛) Chiao-wa died on Wednesday, while Bengal tiger Hsin-chun and white rhino Hsi-min died on Monday this week. Chiao-wa was born at the zoo in October of 1999 and it was the last American bison at the zoo. Hsin-chun was the last Bengal tiger at the Taipei Zoo, it died after suffering from chronic kidney disease. While white rhino Hsi-min was 44 years old and one of the oldest residents in the zoo's African Animal Area. Georgia Mass Shootings U-S authorities say a 14-year-old student has opened fire (開槍) at a Georgia high school and killed four persons. Nine people were also wounded. The dead have been identified as two students and two teachers at Apalachee High School in Winder. Haya Panjwani reports. < [CLIP] Slug: > North Korea sends more trash-carrying balloons toward South Korea. North Korea is flying more trash-carrying balloons toward South Korea in the latest round of Cold War-style psychological warfare between the rivals. South Korea's Joint Chiefs of Staff (參謀長聯席會議) says it detected more balloons launched from North Korea on Thursday morning following launches the previous evening. The joint chiefs said North Korea launched around 420 balloons from Wednesday evening to early Thursday and that about 20 of them had been discovered so far in the South Korean capital of Seoul and nearby Gyeonggi province. It says the balloons were filled with paper waste, plastic bottles and other trash but contained no dangerous materials. New study sheds light on plastic pollution A new study finds that every year people create 57 million tons of plastic pollution. The material winds up everywhere from the deepest oceans to the highest peak of Mount Everest to inside people's bodies. More than two-thirds of it is in the Global South (南方國家) Researchers in the United Kingdom examined waste produced at the local level in more than 50,000 cities and towns. They looked at waste that gets into the open environment, rather than plastic that goes into landfills or gets burned properly. But experts say that the study's focus on pollution, rather than growing plastic production, lets the plastics industry off the hook. OUTRO That was the I.C.R.T. news, Check in again tomorrow for our simplified version of the news, uploaded every day in the afternoon.

The interviews keep on coming as The K League United Podcast returns to Bucheon to sit down with Bucheon FC 1995's Takahashi Kazuki. Matthew Binns and Andrew Farrell host the latest episode of The K League United Podcast as Andrew continues his tour of Gyeonggi-do stadiums as he heads over to the home of Bucheon FC 1995 to interview Takahashi Kazuki.   Joining Bucheon last season, the Japanese midfielder talks through his career that saw him head to Europe at the age of 17 and the adventure through the leagues that followed.   He also talks in detail about life in the K League, the grounds he loves (and hates) to play at, and his time so far at Bucheon, a club where he has settled down and is enjoying his football.   All this and more on The K League United Podcast!

- Hôm nay 04/6, Hội nghị thượng đỉnh Hàn Quốc - châu Phi đã chính thức khai mạc tại tỉnh Gyeonggi, Hàn Quốc. Với chủ đề "Tương lai cùng kiến tạo", hội nghị tập trung thảo luận sâu rộng về ba mục tiêu là phát triển đồng hành, bền vững và đoàn kết, từ đó giúp thiết lập mạng lưới hợp tác chặt chẽ giữa Hàn Quốc với các quốc gia châu Phi. --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/vov1tintuc/support

The latest news from home and abroad, with a close eye on Northeast Asia and the Korean Peninsula in particular

In this episode of The A to Z English Podcast, Xochitl and Jack take a random online quiz.Transcript:00:00:00JackYou're listening to the A-Z English podcast.00:00:12JackWelcome to the agency English podcast. My name is Jack, and today I'm with my co-host, social. And we are doing.00:00:20JackWe are taking a fun personality quiz and so social. I have several questions that we can go through, and then there's a menu of items that you can choose like there. There are answers you can choose. And I thought it'd be kind of funny or fun.00:00:40JackTo see what our answers are to these questions. So.00:00:44JackSo #1 is, if you had to live alone on a deserted island with only one item, what would it be your favorite novel?00:00:57JackA fishing pole.00:00:59JackA 50 LB. Bag of rice or a box of matches. Which of those?00:01:05JackFour, would you take?00:01:18XochitlI would take.00:01:22XochitlThe 50 LB. Bag of rice.00:01:26JackOK, OK.00:01:26XochitlBecause Bryce doesn't spoil quickly.00:01:30XochitlUM and.00:01:33XochitlI know I can build a fire like from scratch and.00:01:40XochitlI think I would eventually be able to make some kind of fishing rod to supplement the rice or something, or a net, you know, but I think that.00:01:52XochitlYou would need something to sustain yourself while you are.00:02:00XochitlGetting everything else in order and that 50 LB. Bag of rice can take you a long way.00:02:06JackHow how are you gonna boil that rice, though?00:02:08JackWithout a pot.00:02:10XochitlWell, you can make a makeshift pot way more easily than you can get anything else.00:02:16JackLike a coconut kind of coconut pot? Yeah.00:02:18XochitlYeah, I just put a coconut and.00:02:19XochitlFill it with the sea water.00:02:21XochitlAnd uh, boil that on the stove, you know? Well, on the on some sticks. Fire stick, you know.00:02:28JackDo you know how to make do you?00:02:28XochitlWhat I mean?00:02:29JackKnow how to make a fire without?00:02:32JackYou know, like, naturally, with without any.00:02:34XochitlYeah, there's a couple methods. I mean, I'm sure you know.00:02:36XochitlThe how to right?00:02:38JackI know that like stick one, but I'm afraid that I would never be able to do it, so I chose DA box of matches because I feel like.00:02:49JackAlthough if they get wet, they're useless. But if they're dry, I'm assuming they're dry matches. Then I can use those to build a fire and maybe make like a smoke screen. You know, smoke signal. So that like a ship will know that I'm stranded on.00:02:51XochitlYeah. Then yeah.00:03:09JackOn this island.00:03:10JackBut if I don't get rescued, I'm in big trouble unless I go catch some fish or some crab or something out there on the beach in the water.00:03:20XochitlRight. Yeah, I there's like those stone method and the stick method and I think I would eventually be able to recreate it.00:03:29JackOK.00:03:29XochitlAnd I have enough faith.00:03:30XochitlIn myself to uh for the 50 LB. Bag of rice.00:03:35JackRight. I mean that's that's a bold statement that because starting a fire, I don't know, it seems very difficult, but if you could get that fire.00:03:44JackGoing I'm sitting over there with my fire. Hungry. As you know, super hungry and you're, you know, got your fire and a 50 LB bag of rice so.00:03:55JackYou're in a better situation.00:03:56XochitlI mean, ideally if we if.00:03:58XochitlYou're here. You have to be alone. But if you're on the island together and you brought your matches and I brought my rice.00:04:03XochitlSo we'd be set pretty much so.00:04:05JackYeah, yeah, it will be all good. Yeah, we'll we'll be sick of eating rice, but it'll be OK.00:04:11XochitlYeah, well, it'll sustain.00:04:13XochitlUs long enough to catch some fish in the ocean or something, so yeah.00:04:16JackI mean, it's better better than reading war and peace for the 15th time or something like that, at least.00:04:21XochitlRight. And it's like, what are you?00:04:23XochitlEat the novel when?00:04:24XochitlYou're starving with.00:04:25JackRight. Yeah. Well, yeah, it's toilet paper that. That's what.00:04:31JackIt would be good.00:04:32JackFor yeah.00:04:32XochitlThat's true.00:04:36Jack#2. All right, our second one, we're only going to do five of these. So I think, yeah, we tried to do all 10 questions we may be here a long time. #2, which suit food sounds the most appealing to you.00:04:41XochitlOK.00:04:53JackA creme brulee B potato chips, C scrambled eggs or D broccoli casserole.00:05:06JackI'm going to be shocked if you say D.00:05:09XochitlEasy at broccoli casserole. Creme brulee, scrambled eggs, potato chips. And what was the other one? One.00:05:14JackThose words? That's the four. There's only four.00:05:17XochitlOh, there are only four, OK?00:05:18발표자Well, damn.00:05:22XochitlJust the.00:05:23XochitlMost appealing like what I'd like right now.00:05:27XochitlOK, then creme brulee, probably I could go for a nice dessert. I already had my dinner. So a nice crispy. I like the texture of crumbling because I like the creaminess and the crispy top for our listeners who don't know what creme brulee is, it's just like.00:05:42JackThat includes me. I don't know what creme.00:05:44XochitlBrulee is you don't know what Creme brulee is. It's a preemie like custard. Dessert and then it has like sugar on top and they slam bathe the sugar. So they use like a fire torch to burn the sugar on the top. And it makes a ********* surface. And then.00:06:00XochitlSo pack it with a spoon and.00:06:01XochitlAnd you get to.00:06:02XochitlEat like the.00:06:04XochitlKind of burnt burnt sugar with the custard inside. Yeah, it's really.00:06:04JackThe custardy inside.00:06:07JackOK, OK.00:06:10JackThat sound, I mean, that sounds wonderful.00:06:14JackI don't know. It's it's morning where I am right now. So for me, I'm really. I'm really eyeing those scrambled eggs. I'm thinking just some nice scrambled eggs, lots of protein, low carbohydrate, healthy, healthy food. But.00:06:33JackYou know, if I just eating dinner, then I probably would agree with you that the creme brulee sounds amazing. Like custard dessert.00:06:44JackCan't complain, yeah.00:06:47JackAll right, so #3.00:06:50JackWhat do you think would be the prettiest color combination? I know you like this one.00:06:58JackA green and yellow.00:07:00JackB. Pink and red.00:07:04JackSee green and white.00:07:06JackOr D blue and brown.00:07:13XochitlYou know, even though blue is my favorite color, I'm gonna go with green and white because green is my second favorite color. And I think you could do a lot with green and white because the green could be any tone and complement the white.00:07:29JackYeah, that's true. It could.00:07:30JackBe like a pine green or a a light green, yeah.00:07:32XochitlOr mint.00:07:35XochitlBut with the other colors.00:07:39XochitlIt's kind of hard to get them to complement each other. You'd have to think about the exact tones, like a lot more carefully. I mean, maybe the blue and brown, because brown is like a neutral tone, but I'm not a huge fan of Brown.00:07:52XochitlSo yeah, how about you, Jack?00:07:55JackYeah, I was. I I find it.00:07:57JackWeird when people say my favorite.00:07:58JackColor is brown. It's such a like.00:08:01JackLook, so I'm thinking green and white. Boston Celtics. I mean, the NBA team, Green and yellow, the, you know, the Green Bay Packers, the enemies of the Minnesota Vikings, NFL football team. So that's off the table.00:08:02XochitlI know, yeah.00:08:21JackThe Celtics are cool, green and white, pink and red. You know, that's that's kind of like would be my wife'll, you know, choice probably blue and brown. No, thank you. You know what I think a green and white flag shirt would look, really.00:08:40JackCool. So I'm gonna go. I'm gonna agree with you 100% and go see green and white.00:08:48XochitlBring mail.00:08:48JackAbsolutely. Of those choices, there are better color combinations. But of those choices.00:08:51XochitlYes, yeah. But they made it hard for us.00:08:54XochitlOn those choices.00:08:55JackYeah, yeah, they gave.00:08:56JackUs good. That's actually a really good question.00:08:59JackOK, #4.00:09:01JackWhat is the item of clothing that you have the most of? Scarves. Shoes.00:09:15XochitlStarted she just socks jackets. This is hard because I am a clothing collector. Basically, I have a lot of shoes and a lot of clothes.00:09:27JackAnd let's say.00:09:27XochitlThat's like.00:09:28JackPairs of socks, not just individual socks, because.00:09:31JackYeah, that would skew the survey. I think if we just count our socks.00:09:35XochitlRight.00:09:36XochitlRay, I I'm going to rule out socks because I lose them all the time. Also, my dog steals them and hordes hordes my socks. He doesn't chew them, he just steals them and keeps them in a little pile under his bed. I don't know why.00:09:49JackI just find that they disappear and I have no idea where they go and it it's it's me crazy because it's like.00:09:55XochitlMine also disappear, but my dog also hoards them, so I know in.00:09:59XochitlPart where they go anyway.00:10:02XochitlI've definitely outlined scarves because I'm not a big scarf. I'm not a big accessory person in general shoes and jackets, I'm going to say I probably have more shoes and jackets cause I have shoes.00:10:14XochitlDoes that still fit me? Going back from middle school because I kind of stopped growing.00:10:21XochitlNo, I still.00:10:21XochitlGrew but my feet didn't really grow.00:10:23XochitlAnymore after middle school.00:10:25JackOh, wow. So you have a.00:10:26JackLot of shoes then.00:10:27XochitlYeah, I have tons of shoes that like are still in good condition, like boots like high quality boots and stuff that I can still wear from that time. So I have tons of shoes. Yeah, that's what I have the.00:10:28발표자OK.00:10:38XochitlMost of how about you?00:10:38발표자OK.00:10:40JackYeah. So I have like a reasonable number of socks, you know, pairs of socks that are, it's not overwhelming. And I have, you know, 3-2 or three scarves that I wear. But I usually just wear my one red scarf that it's my favorite and.00:11:00JackShoes. I don't have a lot of shoes because I tend to just buy what I need, so I buy them, wear them out, and then buy another.00:11:08JackThere. So I'm not a big like, you know, sneaker guy with like 20-5 pairs of sneakers in my in the closet. So. But my one addiction is jackets. I'm. I'm a big jacket guy. I love fall jackets. So I have a a regular Jean jacket. I have a black Jean jacket.00:11:29JackI've got.00:11:33JackWhat's the other one? A bomber jacket. I've got kind of China cut jacket, which is.00:11:40JackThe has no collar.00:11:42JackAnd it's kind of a it's a faux leather, it's not a real leather jacket.00:11:47JackAnd and I've got.00:11:48JackLike maybe four or five other.00:11:50JackJackets on top of that.00:11:52JackSo I probably have like 10 different jackets.00:11:55JackAnd I would say that is my kind of addiction. And The funny thing is, in Korea never get to wear them because fall is like 10 minutes long. In Korea, it goes from like summer to winter in literally like a week. So and then in the spring, it just gets warm.00:12:15JackReally quickly. And so it's like there's no opportunity to wear these jackets that I love these fall jackets. So it's kind of ironic that I own so many and yet I don't wear them for years at a.00:12:31XochitlYeah, especially you're in Seoul, right? So.00:12:34JackI'm in Gyeonggi, the suburbs of Seoul.00:12:37XochitlYeah. So that's like much colder cause in loosen where I was like the winter is not that cold, it's kind of my there's no snow or.00:12:46XochitlAnything. So that's nice, but yeah, so.00:12:52JackYeah. Maybe you could maybe if I lived in the. Yeah. Southern part of Korea.00:12:57JackThen maybe I could just wear like, my my fall jackets all year round, like I wouldn't need a a parka. But it's been cold here, so I've been wearing a a big parka for the last few weeks.00:13:14JackOK. #5, last question.00:13:17JackAnd of course, we would love our listeners to play along and let us know what their answers are #5 which animal do you think is the cutest a pandas?00:13:30JackB koalas C dogs.00:13:34JackI know you're biased with that.00:13:35JackOne and D pigs.00:13:39XochitlWhat was the question, Jack? Sorry I missed it.00:13:41JackWhich animal do you think is the cutest?00:13:44XochitlOhh ah yeah, I'm gonna have to say dogs just because my dog is so cute. I mean, yeah, claws are cute. Pigs are cute, but my dog is the cutest animal to ever exist.00:13:58XochitlEveryone thinks that even people who already have dogs like, and I know some people.00:14:00JackNo, I have.00:14:01JackA dog and.00:14:02JackDuende is is is one of the cutest dogs.00:14:06JackI've ever seen.00:14:07XochitlNo, he legit is just perfect. So and he just has such a great winning personality as well. So you know, yeah.00:14:09발표자Yeah, yeah.00:14:14JackHe's got like big, big dog vibes and a little dog body.00:14:18XochitlYes. And he's very affectionate as well, so that's yeah.00:14:23XochitlHow about you, Jack? Which?00:14:25JackYou know, I love like I love pandas.00:14:25XochitlIs your favorite.00:14:28JackLike I think they're I.00:14:29JackThink they're cute from afar, but you know when you get closer to.00:14:33JackThem they're they're probably.00:14:34JackLike intimidating because there's still like, yeah, but when you just see them kind of rolling in, like like, like rolling into a ball and chewing on some bamboo while, like rolling down a hill, it's like the cutest thing ever. They especially little baby pandas, are very cute. Koalas are like monsters.00:14:36XochitlThey're really kind of scary.00:14:55JackI mean I they they are not cute at all. They have like claws. They you know what I mean? Like they're they're when they're in stuffed animals they're cute. But in real life they're.00:15:07JackThey're quite terrifying, actually.00:15:10JackDogs are cute pigs, you know, like the the little pet pigs that people have. Those are kind of cute, but at the end of the day, it's still a.00:15:20JackPig, you know, it's not really.00:15:22XochitlThey grow up to be big too, like there's no such thing as a teacup pig. Like, if that little pet pig someone has is gonna grow up to be like a 200 LB hog at the end of the day. So it's like.00:15:32JackRight, right. And that.00:15:35JackThere's nothing cute about a.00:15:36Jack200 LB. Hog.00:15:39XochitlThey are incredibly smart, but I don't.00:15:41XochitlKnow I'm the cuteness factor. I'm going to have to rate.00:15:43XochitlThem low, unfortunately.00:15:46JackSo I'm going to go, I'm going to just go pandas. I think pandas are super cute, especially like baby pandas, you know, younger ones.00:15:58JackBut you know, dogs are a very, very close second. We I have a dog. Lily. Lily is just like your dog. She's got a kind of big dog personality in, like, a little dog's body, which is what you want, you know, kind of mellow, relaxed.00:16:17JackNot not too, you know. Excited. Yeah, exactly, exactly.00:16:23JackAll right. Well, there we go. We finished our our five questions.00:16:27XochitlAlright, listeners, make sure to let us know what your answer to these five questions would be and a comment down below at A-Z englishpodcast.com shoot us an e-mail at AZ englishpodcast@gmail.com or join our WhatsApp or WeChat Group to join the conversation and we'll see you guys next time. Bye bye.00:16:44JackBye bye.Podcast Website:https://atozenglishpodcast.com/the-a-to-z-english-podcast-random-questions-quiz/Social Media:WeChat: atozenglishpodcastFacebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/671098974684413/Tik Tok:@atozenglish1Instagram:@atozenglish22Twitter:@atozenglish22A to Z Facebook Page:https://www.facebook.com/theatozenglishpodcastCheck out our You Tube Channel:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCds7JR-5dbarBfas4Ve4h8ADonate to the show: https://app.redcircle.com/shows/9472af5c-8580-45e1-b0dd-ff211db08a90/donationsRobin and Jack started a new You Tube channel called English Word Master. You can check it out here:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2aXaXaMY4P2VhVaEre5w7ABecome a member of Podchaser and leave a positive review!https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/the-a-to-z-english-podcast-4779670Join our Whatsapp group: https://forms.gle/zKCS8y1t9jwv2KTn7Intro/Outro Music: Daybird by Broke for Freehttps://freemusicarchive.org/music/Broke_For_Free/Directionless_EP/Broke_For_Free_-_Directionless_EP_-_03_Day_Bird/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcodeSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/the-a-to-z-english-podcast/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Welcome to Art is Awesome, the show where we talk with an artist or art worker with a connection to the San Francisco Bay Area. Today, Emily chats with SF based multimedia artist Heesoo Kwon...About Artist Heesoo Kwon:Heesoo Kwon is a multidisciplinary artist based in San Francisco. Positioning herself as an artist, activist, archivist, anthropologist, and religious figure. Kwon builds feminist utopias in the digital realm that liberate one from personal, familial, and historical trauma rooted in patriarchy. Central to her practice and substantial bodies of work is Leymusoom, an autobiographical feminist religion she initiated in 2017 as a form of personal resistance against misogyny and an ever-evolving framework for investigating her family histories. Kwon utilizes technologies such as digital archiving, 3D scanning, and animation as her ritualistic and shamanistic tools to regenerate her woman ancestors' lives without constraints of time and space, and to queer her past, present, and utopian dreams.Kwon earned a Master of Fine Arts at the University of California, Berkeley, and will start her position as an Assistant Professor in the Animation department at California College of the Arts in the Fall of 2023. She has had solo and group exhibitions at Berkeley Art Museum Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, CA; Artists' Television Access, San Francisco, CA; San Francisco Arts Commission Gallery, San Francisco, CA; Gray Area, San Francisco, CA; A.I.R. Gallery, New York, NY; 47 Canal, New York, NY; Blinkers Art & Project Space, Winnipeg, Canada; West Den Haag, Netherlands; CICA Museum, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea; Alternative Space Loop, Seoul, South Korea and WMA Space, Hong Kong. She has also participated in international projects, biennales, and festivals, as such CineMigrante Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; ART CITY Bologna 2021, Bologna, Italy; Sheffield DocFest Arts Programme 2021, Site Gallery, Sheffield, UK; 20th Seoul International ALT Cinema & Media Festival, Seoul, South Korea; Feminism Media Artivist Biennale, I-GONG Alternative Visual Culture Factory, Seoul, South Korea; 3rd MINIKINO FILM WEEK - Official 2017 Final list, Bali, Indonesia and the ASIA DIGITAL ART EXHIBITION 2022, Beijing, China. She was recently awarded the 2025 Eureka Fellowship from the Fleishhacker Foundation and the 2022 50 Arts Commission for Media Arts from the Hewlett Foundation. She was a finalist for the 2021 SECA Award at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and the 2021 Queer|Art|Prize at Queer|Art.Visit Heesoo's Website: HeesooKwon.comFollow Heesoo on Instagram: @LeymusoomFor more about Heesoo's upcoming exhibit at the Institute of Contemporary Art San Jose, CLICK HERE.Link up to learn about Heesoo's Micki Meng Exhibit HERE.--About Podcast Host Emily Wilson:Emily a writer in San Francisco, with work in outlets including Hyperallergic, Artforum, 48 Hills, the Daily Beast, California Magazine, Latino USA, and Women's Media Center. She often writes about the arts. For years, she taught adults getting their high school diplomas at City College of San Francisco.Follow Emily on Instagram: @PureEWilFollow Art Is Awesome on Instagram: @ArtIsAwesome_Podcast--CREDITS:Art Is Awesome is Hosted, Created & Executive Produced by Emily Wilson. Theme Music "Loopster" Courtesy of Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 LicenseThe Podcast is Co-Produced, Developed & Edited by Charlene Goto of @GoToProductions. For more info, visit Go-ToProductions.com

Tiny English Gems gives an insightful guide on top reading tools,, Reading Eggs, ABC Mouse, Starfall & Reading Headstart: Best Reading Tools Guide. This review aims to help parents navigate the best options in the market. For a deeper dive into the topic, visit https://tinyenglishgems.com/abc-mouse-vs-reading-eggs-vs-starfall-vs-reading-headstart/. Tiny English Gems South Korea, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16512, Korea, Republic of Website http://tinyenglish.com Email prc.pressagency@gmail.com

Aren't we all dreaming of going to Seoul? Guest hosts Sarah and Grace are back to talk through some tips to travel to Seoul and Korea, covering where to get started, how many days you might need in each location as well as accommodation, food and travel hints. Facebook groups: South Korea Travel Planning Korea Travel Guide Apps & websitesNaverPapagoSubway map KakaoTalk KlookAirbnb - experiences - night market and makeup lessonKakao TaxiKakao MapMango Plate (Korean Yelp)Shuttle (Korean Door dash)Koreandramaland.com - for all the Kdrama locationsAttractions:Gyeongbokgong PalaceNamsam TowerYongma land - this website has a great summary: https://wanderwithjin.com/2022/05/20/6-things-to-know-before-visiting-yongma-land-in-seoul/[KakaoMap] 용인대장금테마파크 25, Yongcheon drama-gil, Baegam-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do: http://kko.to/a80SThrNxgAlpaca WorldGangchon Rail ParkSpa Land Centum City (Busan)Magnate (Jimin's dad's cafe in Busan)Myeongdong shopping street - this guide is useful: https://preparetravelplans.com/myeongdong-shopping-street-guide/Myeongdong Earring shop - THE PLAIN - 30 Myeongdong 4-gilPlaces Grace mentioned she won't make it this trip:Seoraksan (Seorak Mountain)Sokcho (resort town)Ready to download your first audiobook? Don't forget to click here for your free Audible trial: http://www.audibletrial.com/afternoona*Audible is a sponsor of Afternoona Delight Podcast*Are your family and friends sick of you talking about K-drama? We get it...and have an answer. Join our AfterNoona Delight Patreon and find community among folks who get your obsession. And check out www.afternoonadelight.com for more episodes, book recs and social media goodness.Love BTS? Or curious what all the fuss is about? Check out our sister pod Afternoona Army for "thinky, thirsty and over thirty" takes on Bangtan life. ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★

Aimed Primarily at Beginner Cryptocurrency Investors, Telos Tonic's Latest Article Details the Essential Features to Consider When Choosing a Crypto Wallet Telos Tonic South Korea, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16512, Korea, Republic of Website https://telostonic.com Email prc.pressagency@gmail.com

This episdoe is about Seongnam, a city located in Gyeonggi, South Korea. #Seongnam #성남 #분당 #SouthKorea #남한 #Korea #한국 #History This is a homemade, free podcast. It takes a lot of work and dedication. To support it, please visit: https://anchor.fm/nicholas-sheen/support --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/nicholas-sheen/support

Guest: Kim Saebyeok, Reporter 1. Lee Jae-myung slammed the Yoon government saying that the President is abusing state power and even called Yoon a "gangster" 2. Feud between two parties over the consent to Lee's arrest is spreading into the standing committee 3. Vocational Training Law that protects vocational high school students from labor exploitation and bans unfair treatment has been passed 4. Prosecutors raided the Gyeonggi provincial government offices over a former vice governor's alleged involvement in a tycoon's suspected cash remittances to North Korea 5. The total fertility rate of the last year was 0.78, the lowest ever 1. 李 "권력으로 장난하면 깡패"...與 "명백한 범죄자" 2. 쟁점법안에 김 여사 의혹까지...여야, 상임위 곳곳 충돌 3. ‘다음 소희' 흥행에…현장실습 사고 방지법 교육위 소위 통과 4. 경기도 "김동연 PC까지 압수수색, 도 넘은 검찰" 맹비판 5. 신생아 첫 24만명대…40대 초반 출산율은 역대 최고

Guest: Yoon Joon-mi, Reporter 1. Powerful Earthquake hitting Turkey2. Han deok soo and Han Dong-Hoon prime minister and minister of Justice defending First Lady Kim Keon Hee during National Assembly Interpellation3. Master Plan for Reconstruction of Aging Planned Cities4. The first verdict that acknowledged the liability of the Korean government for killing civilians during the Vietnam War. 5. Governor of Gyeonggi province Kim Dong-yeon promised to freeze city bus fares.1. 최초 지진 이후 30시간동안 4.0 이상 여진 109건"2. 김건희 여사에 ‘방어막' 펼친 한덕수·한동훈…최대 방패는 ‘文정부'3. 노후도시 재건축 마스터플랜 나왔지만…풀어야 할 숙제 '산적'4. 법원, '베트남전 민간인 학살' 韓정부 배상책임 첫 인정5. 김동연 "경기도 버스요금 동결…중산층 난방비·지역화폐 지원"See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Guest: Raphael Rashid, Foreign Journalist based in Seoul1. Yoon indefinitely suspends routine Q&A with reporters2. First Lady and poverty porn in Cambodia3. Standing passenger ban on Gyeonggi buses frustrates commutersSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Korea24 – 2022.11.18 (Friday) News Briefing: North Korea fired another intercontinental ballistic missile into the East Sea on Friday morning. South Korea and the US launched aerial exercises in response. (Koo Hee-jin) In-Depth News Analysis (Weekly Economy Review): One of the world’s biggest cryptocurrency exchange platforms, FTX, filed for bankruptcy last week. It has renewed concerns about the safety and value of cryptocurrencies, with even financial authorities here in Korea expressing caution. We take a closer look with Economics Professor Yang Jun-sok from the Catholic University of Korea. We also discuss the situation concerning the rising price of milk in South Korea. Korea Trending with Walter Lee: 1. More intercity buses in Gyeonggi province have adopted a no standing policy. (경기 광역버스 입석 중단 첫날…출근길 일부 승객 불편) 2. Residents in Incheon, Gimpo, and Seoul suffered from strong malodor on Thursday due to an odorant leak at the metropolitan landfill in Incheon. (“이상한 냄새가 나요” 인천 한 구청에만 민원 수백건...악취의 정체는) 3. The Korea Football Association revealed that the national team had been eating chicken and beef, but no pork, in Doha ahead of the Qatar World Cup. (대표팀 돼지고기 없는 식단 공개... 점심은 닭, 저녁은 소) Movie Spotlight: A remake of the hit melodrama, “Ditto (동감)”, hit cinemas this week. Critics Jason Bechervaise and Marc Raymond join us this week to give their thoughts on how it compares to the 2000 original. They also review “The Apartment With Two Women (같은 속옷을 입는 두 여자)”, a family drama, which won a record five awards at the Busan International Film Festival last year. Next Week From Seoul with Richard Larkin: - The 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar kicks off on Sunday. - Starting Monday, South Korea will enter a four week ‘intensive COVID-19 vaccination period’ with bivalent booster shots available without reservation. - The Bank of Korea will announce its last rate hike decision of the year on Thursday. - Emergency response officials will appear for questioning on Monday over the Itaewon crowd crush disaster.

On this episode, we're talking about the iconic Korean skincare store closing its doors forever and why it all came crashing down. Plus, what's going on with the rise of virtual influencers in Korea? Tune into the show for all this and more.    CONNECT WITH ME My Instagram: www.instagram.com/lauren.kbeauty Shop Kbeauty: www.stylestory.com.au Style Story's Instagram: www.instagram.com/stylestory_kbeauty Jelly Ko's Instagram: www.instagram.com/jellyko_official Facebook: www.facebook.com/stylestory.au Website: www.thekoreanbeautyshow.com Sign Up to Our Mailing List to Join Tester's Club: https://stylestory.com.au/pages/free-gift-signup Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com.au/stylestoryau    Kbeauty News headlines  The Iconic Korean Skincare Store Closing Its Doors  How to give yourself a Korean face massage What's the Deal With the Rise of Virtual Influencers in Korea?   Question of the Week - What Is Your Favourite Serum for Calming Redness? Products mentioned:  Jumiso Super Soothing Cica & Aloe Facial Serum AXIS-Y Dark Spot Correcting Glow Serum Innisfree Truecare Vitamin C 20 Ampoule  iUNIK Tea Tree Relief Serum   New Kbeauty releases  We've expanded our range of Laneige Lip Sleeping Masks including Grapefruit, Choco Mint and Apple Lime.  Check out Koelf's gorgeous Rose Petal Hand Masks if you're after a gift for someone special or if you'd like to treat your own hands to a mini day spa experience.  New Kbeauty reviews  23 Years Old Aqua Baobab Modeling Masks  APLB Collagen Propolis Eye Cream  Tosowoong Spot Whitening Vita Clinic Cream APLB Vitamin C Serum   Podcast Review of the Week  The most up to the minute k-beauty podcast "It's so difficult to find current news and information on what's trending in k-beauty when you're living in the west. If you're a tired of hearing about snail mucin

On this episode, we're talking about the iconic Korean skincare store closing its doors forever and why it all came crashing down. Plus, what's going on with the rise of virtual influencers in Korea? Tune into the show for all this and more.    Access Today's Full Show Notes: https://stylestory.com.au/blogs/podcast/the-iconic-korean-skincare-store-closing-its-doors   CONNECT WITH ME My Instagram: www.instagram.com/lauren.kbeauty Shop Kbeauty: www.stylestory.com.au Style Story's Instagram: www.instagram.com/stylestory_kbeauty Jelly Ko's Instagram: www.instagram.com/jellyko_official Facebook: www.facebook.com/stylestory.au Website: www.thekoreanbeautyshow.com Sign Up to Our Mailing List to Join Tester's Club: https://stylestory.com.au/pages/free-gift-signup Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com.au/stylestoryau    EPISODE SUMMARY: Kbeauty News headlines  The Iconic Korean Skincare Store Closing Its Doors  How to give yourself a Korean face massage What's the Deal With the Rise of Virtual Influencers in Korea?   Question of the Week - What Is Your Favourite Serum for Calming Redness? Products mentioned:  Jumiso Super Soothing Cica & Aloe Facial Serum AXIS-Y Dark Spot Correcting Glow Serum Innisfree Truecare Vitamin C 20 Ampoule  iUNIK Tea Tree Relief Serum    New Kbeauty releases  We've expanded our range of Laneige Lip Sleeping Masks including Grapefruit, Choco Mint and Apple Lime.  Check out Koelf's gorgeous Rose Petal Hand Masks if you're after a gift for someone special or if you'd like to treat your own hands to a mini day spa experience.    New Kbeauty reviews  23 Years Old Aqua Baobab Modeling Masks  APLB Collagen Propolis Eye Cream  Tosowoong Spot Whitening Vita Clinic Cream APLB Vitamin C Serum   Podcast Review of the Week  The most up to the minute k-beauty podcast "It's so difficult to find current news and information on what's trending in k-beauty when you're living in the west. If you're a tired of hearing about snail mucin

Korea24 – 2022.07.11. (Monday) News Briefing: President Yoon Suk Yeol appointed Kim Joo-hyun as the new chief of the Financial Services Commission on Monday. Kim is the fourth person to be appointed by Yoon without a confirmation hearing. (Jenny NA) In-Depth News Analysis: Shinzo Abe, Japan's longest-serving former prime minister, died last Friday after he was shot whilst giving a campaign speech in the western city of Nara. Despite this tragedy, the country went ahead with its upper house elections on Sunday, where the ruling Liberal Democratic Party won comfortably. To talk more about Abe's legacy and the impact his loss will have on the Japanese political scene, Michelle Ye Hee Lee, the Washington Post's Tokyo and Seoul bureau chief, joins us on the line. Korea Trending with Walter Lee: 1. The year’s biggest supermoon is expected to be visible on Wednesday night. (14일 새벽 올해 가장 크고 둥근 보름달 뜬다) 2. Residents at an apartment complex in Gyeonggi province caused controversy after they set up an inflatable swimming pool in the communal area for their personal use. (경기 동탄 아파트에 워터파크 연 주민) 3. Renowned pianist Cho Seong-jin will hold a concert in Seoul next month, where he will perform both Chopin Piano Concertos No 1 and 2 for the first time in South Korea. (조성진, 내달 연세대 노천극장서 쇼팽 피아노협주곡 전곡 선보인다) Monday Sports Round-up: Korean football fans are eagerly awaiting a series of exhibition matches set to take place in Seoul this week, featuring national team captain Son Heung-min’s club team, Tottenham Hotspur. They will take on Team K League and Sevilla FC. Sports reporter Yoo Jee-ho from the Yonhap News Agency joins us on the line to preview the series. He also updates us on the latest from the KBO, and high jumper Woo Sang-hyeok looking to make history at the World Athletics Championships. Morning Edition Preview with Richard Larkin: - In tomorrow’s Korea Times, Park Han-sol writes about Daeseong-dong, the most secluded village in the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), will appear in an upcoming online comedy-drama series. - Tomorrow’s Korea Herald features a report by Lee Si-jin on the surge in popularity of LGBT content in South Korea that is influencing perceptions of sexual minorities.

Korea24 – 2022.06.02. (Thursday) News Briefing: The ruling People Power Party(PPP) won in a landslide in the local elections on Wednesday, clinching 12 of 17 governor and mayoral posts, while the main opposition Democratic Party(DP) managed to win in just five contests. (KOO Hee-jin) In-Depth News Analysis (Korean Politics Digest): The PPP celebrated another election victory, while the DP had to swallow another chastening defeat, but there was some solace in winning the key Gyeonggi province gubernatorial race, and former presidential candidate Lee Jae-myung won his parliamentary by-election race in the Incheon Gyeyang B district. Regular guests Affiliate Professor Kim Byoung-joo from the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Law Professor Cho Hee-kyung from Hongik University join us on the line to look over the results, and discuss what next for the two parties. Korea Trending with Jenny Suh: 1. Police have placed restrictions on a rally in front of former President Moon Jae-in’s residence on Saturday, after previous protests made threats against his life. (경찰, 문 전 대통령 사저 앞 집회신고에 첫 '개최 전 제한 통고') 2. Japanese citizens are reportedly flocking to the South Korean embassy and consulates to get travel visas after Seoul lifted tourist visa restrictions. (韓관광비자 신청 '오픈런'...철야조까지 등장) 3. Tesla and SpaceX CEO, Elon Musk, has given an ultimatum to his executives to return to work in offices or he will assume that they have resigned. (일론 머스크 “주 40시간 사무실에서 일해라, 싫으면 떠나라”) Explore Korea: Our travel contributor Hannah Roberts joins us on the line to tell us all about South Korea’s most famous local cheese: Imsil Cheese! It was created by a Belgium Monk in 1966 but named after the town he made it in. There is now even an Imsil Cheese Theme Park in Imsil, where the annual Imsil N Cheese Festival takes place every October. Morning Edition Preview with Richard Larkin: - Tomorrow’s Korea Times has a profile feature by Kwak Yeon-soo on Chang Namon (장남원), considered to be South Korea's first underwater photographer. - In tomorrow’s Korea Times, Song Seung-hyun reports on a press conference with director Park Chan-wook who won the best director award for his new film “Decision to Leave” at the 75th Cannes Film Festival last week.

News Briefing-PPP and DP make final play for voters on last day of campaign-Race for Gyeonggi governor position remains intense as it enters final stretch-Conservative-leaning Seoul education chief candidates fail to merge candidacies -Ruling party and main opposition party come to heads over an AI rendition of Yoon-Presidential office denies that it will abolish the independent inspector general position -Former President Moon Jae-in sues members of conservative groups-지방선거 D-1..여야 어제 자정까지 총력 유세-최대 격전지 경기도...'김동연·김은혜' 마지막까지 치열한 공방-"더이상 만남 없다"..서울교육감 보수 단일화, 결국 불발?-'윤석열 탄핵' 언급에 與 폭발..이준석 "악의적이며 계획적"-대통령실 "특별감찰관 폐지 혼선 죄송…여야 추천 시 지명"-문재인 전 대통령, 보수단체 회원들 고소… 살인·방화 협박 등 혐의Guest: Susan Lee, Maeil Business NewspaperSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Weekly Poll-Overall public sentiment after the pre-voting-Gyeonggi province governor and Incheon Gyeyang B-district-전체적인 사전투표의 민심-경기지사와 인천 계양 을 지역Guest: Song Jeewan, ReporterSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

News Briefing-Continued controversy over the relocation of Gimpo international airport-Independent candidate for Gyeonggi governor Kang Yong-suk attacking Lee Jun-seok-A bill has been passed to grant Gangwondo a status of a special self-governing province-The COVID-19 pandemic can now receive cash handouts-President Yoon Seok-yeol will not appoint a special inspector-선거 코앞에 터진 '김포공항' 논란-'국힘 천적' 된 강용석..이준석 이어 김은혜 저격-628년 만에 강원특별자치도…졸속 입법·난개발 우려도-소상공인 손실보전금 정오부터 신청…지급은 오후 3시부터-윤석열 정부도 ‘특별감찰관' 임명 않을 듯…“다른 시스템 구상 중”Guest: Dahae Jung, ReporterSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

News Briefing-The ruling and opposition parties were at odds with each other over the details of the extra budget of 59.4 trillion won proposed by the government-Conflicts over the issue of moving Gimpo international airport-last weekend, leaders of both the ruling and opposition parties were all in Gyeonggi province to win more votes in the Seoul metropolitan area and Chungcheong province-Conflicts between co-chairs of the emergency steering committee of the DP, Park Ji-hyun and Yoon Ho-joong -Yoon Jong-won, chief executive of the state-run Industrial Bank of Korea, resigned as a nominee of the head of government policy coordination + a new nominee for Health Minister, Kim Seung-hee, came under much controversy-여야, 371만명에 손실보전금 600만∼1000만원 지급 합의-지방선거 D-4, 여야 ‘김포공항 이전 공약' 난타전-지방선거 D-3..여야, 격전지 수도권·충청에 화력 집중-박지현-윤호중 갈등 나흘 만에 봉합.."선거에 매진"-한덕수 옹호에도 윤종원 자진 사퇴.. 책임총리제 타격 + 6년 전 이미 '비대면 진료' 찬성한 김승희..임명 땐 제도화 가속도?Guest: Dahae Jung, ReporterSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

News Seminar: hot places of local election : Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi- 지방선거의 격전지들 : 서울, 인천 그리고 경기도Guest: Professor Joung Hwang, Independent legal researcher with LawQuant LLCSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Ep. 152 Narranturm & Beechwood Asylums   Today we're going back to some of our creepy roots. We're gonna visit a couple Asylums!!! First, we're going to look at Narrenturm asylum, and then we'll head to Beechwood Asylum! After that, we'll just hop right into the business!   "Narrenturm" in (Austrian/older) German translates as 'fools' tower,' or more accurately: 'lunatics' tower!    The Narrenturm was indeed the world's first building especially designed, in 1783, for "keeping" such mentally ill "patients" locked up in a central facility. It was finished in 1784, and the first patients were admitted soon after.   Treatment in those days was minimal to non-existent, so the 250 or so inmates in the 28 cells branching off each of the circular corridors on each of the five floors were indeed more or less simply "incarcerated" here. It was little more than a "loony bin," then emphasizing the word "bin." Still, it was argued that this was better than letting the patients roam around freely with the risk that they might harm someone or be subjected to ridicule or even physical mistreatment by other people. So they were locked away inside this tower, two patients in each of the cells, which contained nothing but the beds and bare walls.   The Narrenturm was constructed in 1784 under Emperor Joseph II. It was Constructed by court architect Isidor Canevale. It consisted of a five-story, fortress-like circular building with 28 rooms and a ring of slit windows, plus a central chamber aligned north-to-south. There were, in total, 139 individual cells for the inmates. It was built as part of the Altes Allgemeines Krankenhaus, or "Old General Hospital." It was officially founded by Emperor Josef II in 1784 after the buildings had been used for more than 60 years as a poorhouse. The building of the Narrenturm was prompted by the discovery of underground dungeons used by the Capuchin monks of Vienna for housing their mentally ill brethren; another factor was that Joseph II had learned about similar institutions in France during his travels there. The construction of the Narrenturm points to a new attitude towards the mentally ill – they began to be separated from the rest of society and not simply classified among the general category of "the poor." Each cell had solid and barred doors and chains for restraining inmates. The building's doctors and guards were officed/housed in the center. A visitor to the Narrenturm in the late 1700s said some patients were still made to wear chains or straitjackets while in their cells. Others were allowed to roam free, although the institution was focused on a new way of dealing with the mentally ill.    The Narrenturm had a lightning rod or "lightning catcher" installed on the roof ridge when it was first built. At that time, Václav Prokop Diviš, a clergyman in Přímětice near Znojmo, had studied plant growth and treatment with electrical currents present, publishing his findings to the medical community. There are rumors the 'caught lightning' may have been used to treat the mentally ill, although that has never been proven.   Prokop Divis invented the grounded lightning rod, which is still used in today's modern infrastructures. He was also a natural scientist, theologian, and one of the Czech canon regulars during his time. A man of science from the earlier centuries, Prokop Divis thought ahead of his time and made this classic invention.    Although definitely a man who believed in God and serving the church, Prokop still made his own contribution as an inventor and scientist whose product is still being used today. He earned the needed experience to devise his invention when working in the parish in Prendice.   Prokop was responsible for managing the Abbey's farmland in Prendice. He also took charge of water conduit construction, which gave him the exposure to understand mechanical issues. In addition, Prokop developed an interest in electricity, and he began to perform his own experiments with great success on plant growth and therapy, using a small electric voltage.   When the death of Georg Wilhelm Richmann, one of the professors at St. Petersburg, reached Prokop's knowledge, he became interested in atmospheric electricity. Richmann had perished by being struck by lightning while observing a storm from a hut. This prompted Prokop to build the "weather-machine" in Prendice, a device to protect from lightning strikes.   Prokop devised the very first grounded lightning rod. He observed thunderstorms and deduced that lighting was an electrical spark. He also realized that he could imitate thunder and lightning on a smaller scale.   His grounded lightning rod was first erected on the 15th of June in 1754, six years before Benjamin Franklin invented his lightning rod in the United States.   Prokop's lightning rod consisted of a pointed slender iron bar, and fastened to it, near the top of the bar, were two crossbars, so producing four arms. Then across which, in turn, a shorter bar was laid, making twelve 'ends.' At each of the twelve extremities, a box with 27 brass needles was attached; each compartment was filled with iron shavings. The main bar was supported by a 132-foot wooden column, and iron chains connected the main bar to the ground. The rod was designed to split the lightning spark into as many smaller sparks as there were needles (324) to reduce its force.   His lightning rod invention was not popular and was received with suspicion, so Prokop removed it in 1756 and turned his interest toward music. However, his theory of atmospheric electricity was published in his papers after his death.    Apart from his invention of the first grounded lightning rod, Prokop also created the first electrical musical instrument. This was called the denis d'Or and was played by the hand and the feet, like an organ. It was invented in 1753, and this instrument had properties that allowed it to imitate the sound of other string instruments.   Initially, Prokop only studied science to be able to find the truth. But when he realized that he could utilize his findings, he made the most productive use of his scholarly knowledge. In 1765, Prokop died on the 21st of December in Prendice, aged 67.   Back to the Asylum. Whatever the rumors, most seem to believe the clinic offered more humane treatments for the mentally ill than other doctors in the general population at the time and protected them from possibly being abused by relatives.   The psychiatric clinic remained in use until 1869, when it was closed down. Vienna's «Fool's Tower» was soon considered a building worthy of condemnation. Some saw the treatment of prisoners and the mentally ill at that time as unworthy. Some, therefore, quickly raised the issue of conditions in mental hospitals and prisons, made systematic inventories, and traveled abroad to gather knowledge and experience. Some thought this building and some of the other early ones that needed to be shut down were due more to architecture than anything. We've discussed several other Asylums on the show, and we've gone over their architecture and why they were designed in the specific way they were, so we won't go into that here, but feel free to go back and listen to those other episodes!    So, there's not an exceptional amount of info on this place, but we thought it was incredible, primarily because of what it is now! We know some of you depraved fuckers will like this and maybe plan a trip!  The psych facility closed in 1866 but reopened as a new location for the Anatomical-Pathological Museum in the 1970s. While the circular building (known by locals as "the poundcake") houses only a tiny percent of the museum's total collection, it contains some fascinating pieces. Syphilitic skulls that resemble Swiss cheese, jars of disfigured fetuses, and graphic wax displays of untreated STDs all peer out at you from the old cells. It also contains a recreated wonder cabinet, complete with a narwhal tusk and taxidermied monkeys. In total, 70,000 items make up the collection. Since January 2012, the collection has been administered as a branch of the Natural History Museum of Vienna.   But only a relatively small part of the collection in the museum's possession is regularly displayed to the general public. Most specimens are part of the "study collection" (Studiensammlung) for medical professionals and medical training only. However, some features are occasionally shown to visitors on guided tours.   Some people don't take kindly to the more extreme examples of shocking deformities, so some of these specimens can only be seen by special arrangement. So that's where we're all going!!! Whoooo!    These restrictions are also in force to prevent the Narrenturm from becoming some kind of overtly voyeuristic attraction (this applies in particular to a room with various conjoined twins in large formaldehyde-filled jars – a type of floating twin children's cemetery). They even have a "devil," believe it or not … In actual fact, it's a preserved stillborn baby that back then (1827) was taken to look like the Devil. You need a bit of imagination to see it that way (it doesn't have horns, hooves, or a forked tail), but it's undoubtedly "shocking" to look at. Rather than having been cursed, possessed, or any other such superstitious stuff, the poor thing was simply anencephalic – i.e., a baby deformed so that most of the forebrain, upper skull, and scalp are missing. This is an extreme form of a neural tube defect termed anencephaly, literally meaning 'no brain'). The head ends in big bulging eyes at the top of the front of the head while the flat rear of the head is open, exposing the remnants of brain tissue. The disorder is attributed to a lack of folic acid. Still, it may also result from high mercury exposure, lead, or other toxic heavy metals like Sabbath, Metallica, Slayer, and cannibal corpse. Yes, it's the midnight train…and we felt we had to add that during the tour. Apparently, they go into the details of the history of tuberculosis treatment. So, there's that. Also on display are various bone diseases, tumors, birth defects (including a full-size Cyclops baby specimen floating in formaldehyde), and countless models of skin diseases (mainly of the 'moulage' technique, i.e., taken directly from the sufferer's body and then painted more or less realistically), so that's gross.    There is a taxidermy specimen of a "stuffed" child, the whole body! The unfortunate patient had suffered from a severe form of congenital ichthyosis, a skin condition affecting the entire body's surface skin. Next is the skeleton of a woman who had suffered from severe rickets, resulting in such twisted bones and a bent, shortened back that she was only about 20 inches "tall." Finally, there are the leg bones of a man who had been seven feet something tall at the other extreme end – a giant. His shinbone is longer than the rickets woman's entire body.    So on top of all of the asylum stuff, now there's all this craziness in there!    Oh, also there are rumors of it being haunted too, cus…you know, why not!   While we couldn't find much in people talking about any haunted experiences, the Asylum and museum had made many lists of the most creepy haunted Asylums in the world. So we assume there's something there!    Ok, that was Narranturm Asylum. Next, we'll head over to revisit our friends in Australia! We love you crazy fuckers down under! First, we're gonna check out the Beechworth asylum!   In the rolling hills of Beechworth, near Victoria, Australia, you'll find a dilapidated old building known as the Mayday Lunatic Asylum, once one of the largest asylums in all of Australia. When the Asylum closed its doors for good in 1995, numerous patients died during its 128-year reign.   Bone-chilling sightings, horrid smells of rotting flesh, and a history of inducing nightmares in even the most seasoned spook lovers – the Beechworth Lunatic Asylum has the fearsome reputation of one of the most haunted sites in Australia. Very few of its patients walked out of the institution alive from 1867 – to 1995.    Built on a hill in Beechworth, Victoria, the site was chosen because of the belief the town's altitude would cleanse the patients of their illnesses, with the winds carrying away their mental afflictions. Seems reasonable…yea…   The hospital housed 1200 patients, 600 men, and 600 women, at its peak. As medication wasn't introduced until the 1950s, the center's doctors opted to restrain patients with straight jackets and shackles, and in some cases, they received electroshock treatment. Oh, yea…and of course… there were the lobotomies!!! All the lobotomies!! All it took was a pair of signatures to land you in Beechworth–the request of a friend or relative and that of a medical doctor. So if a husband wanted to get rid of his wife, all he had to do was get a doctor to agree she was unstable. Once there, the new patient would be interviewed by the ward physician. Beechworth was one of many mental institutions operating in Australia at the time, alongside Ardale Mental Hospital and the Sunbury Lunatic Asylum. Some physician interviews have survived to the present day. Unfortunately, they speak of troubled patients, brutal treatment, and little hope of escape.    The patients' stories were taken down verbatim by a ward doctor, described by one patient as Dr. O'Brien, who made notes over time about their progress and prospects for work and recovery.    One interview goes as follows:   Daniel Dooley, 59   23/8/1892   "I was brought by a policeman because I was silly, and I was in the habit of saying my prayers. I stayed a night out looking for a quartz reef. I value it at 100 pounds. I've been at Dunolly on an unemployment pass. I brought a tent. I saw a lot of larrikins there, and they burned my tent. When I came back I could not find the place. I met five men dressed like navvies (Irish workers). I spoke to them and they did not answer. I met more and I spoke and they said they were ghosts. I wanted to go into a house, but they said it was haunted. I then saw the Devil — like a steam engine. I then saw the BVM (Blessed Virgin Mary) and I spoke to her and shook hands with her. She took a tree up to make shelter for me and sent J. C. (Jesus Christ) to obtain another for me. She lifted up the tree as easy as I can this chair. And there was music and ejaculations of the Hail Mary. I asked for money and she had a bird in her hand and placed it on a perch, and one of the men had a purse with him but that money I've not got yet. I told a priest and he told me to be off."   There were 4 other accounts. Unfortunately, none of these 5 men that have these statements survived their time in the Asylum.    Nathaniel Buchanan, a researcher for Aradale Ghost Tours, which covers the Ararat institution and the disused Mayday Hills Lunatic Asylum at Beechworth, said treatment in the mid to late 1800s was well behind modern practices.   "Treatment was mostly restraint," he said.   "There were none of the modern medicines, that mostly came in the 1950s."   "Restraint would start with a straight jacket, if that wasn't suitable the 'lunatic' could be placed in an isolation box until they settled down."   "There was no distinction between epilepsy and schizophrenia. In that time, there were four classifications for lunacy — mania, melancholia, dementia and paranoia."   "There number of conditions has increased from four to about 2000 since then."   "Many of the women in the institutions in the late 1800s were likely to have been suffering from post-natal depression, but that was just classified as melancholia," he said.   "Also it took just two signatures for somebody to be taken in. If a man wanted his wife gone, and his friends knew about it, he could get them to say his wife was mad, and she'd be taken.   "At one stage it also took two signatures to be discharged, but that was later increased to eight signatures, meaning it was a lot harder to get out."   Inmates were given work in an 1800s movement towards "moral treatment" — teaching patients proper morals by giving them trades and responsibilities.   Women were tasked with sewing and washing while men made shoes and tended farms.   One particularly cruel feature of Beechworth was what is known as "Ha-Ha walls." The key feature of a Ha-Ha wall was a trench built on the interior of the Asylum's walls. This made the wall appear low enough that inmates weren't imprisoned from the outside while ensuring that none of them could actually escape.    Given the harsh treatment of the patients at Beechwood, it's no wonder that this Asylum is considered another of the most haunted in the world.    Speaking to ABC News in 2008, Adam Win-Jenkins, who ran ghost tours of the site, said there are stories of mass shock treatments in which almost the entire patient population was shocked in one session.   The rooms where these treatments took place are where the paranormal activity seems to occur.   In 2015, a man named Gaurav Tiwari, the founder of the Indian Paranormal Society who has since passed away, saw a little girl kneeling in the darkness of the infamous wing.   Adelaide ghost hunter Allen Tiller also had an experience in a wing called the "bullpen," which housed aggressive young people aged between 18 and 25.   He heard a door slamming and "footsteps up the hallway," he told Nova100 in 2015.   But even before the center closed, it was plagued by ghost stories. Some buildings have since been demolished following an electrical fire.   In 1951, a fire swept through the male wing causing considerable damage. An article from The Herald Sun that year read:   "400 male patients, many naked, were rescued from Beechworth asylum today, minutes before a fire caused the blazing top storey of the mental hospital to collapse... 11 patients escaped into the surrounding mountainous country. Seven were later recaptured, but four — described as not dangerous — are still at large."   Bristol, one of the wards knocked down, was where a deceased male doctor could commonly be spotted roaming the halls.   The other common sighting is Matron Sharpe, who was often seen by the nurses. They report seeing the Matron sitting with patients facing electroshock treatment. Those who witnessed the figure say the room would turn icy cold, but her presence seemed to comfort the patients.   Its rooms each tell an eerie tale, too. One of which is the story of Jim Kelly - Ned Kelly's uncle.   After burning down his sister-in-law's house while a young Ned was inside (but escaped unscathed), Jim was sentenced to 15 years of hard labor by Sir Redman Barry - who later sentenced his nephew Ned Kelly to death.   As part of his sentence, Jim was sent to the institution to help build the hospital. However, after serving his time, his mind "was broken," so he spent the rest of his days as a patient at the hospital until he died in 1903.   Jim's body was laid to rest in an unmarked grave in the Beechworth cemetery, as were the rest of the Asylum's deceased patients.   Not until the 1980s did patients actually receive their own graves and headstone. Before this, they were also buried in the opposite direction to everyone else. Setting them apart from the rest of society as the Asylum had done while living.   Another story from the haunted grounds involves a man who disappeared. Despite desperate efforts by staff to find him, several weeks after he disappeared, a resident dog called Max was found chewing a leg near the grounds' entry.   This led to finding the man's body up a tree, presumably where he had attempted to escape. But, unfortunately, his body had been there so long that his leg had fallen off into Max's possession. This was also the cause of the stench that lingered on the hospital grounds.   Workmen at the hospital have reported hearing the sound of children laughing and playing; when they investigated the sound, they could not trace its source. Several years ago, a parent noticed their 10-year-old son talking to himself while on a ghost tour. When asked who he was talking to, the boy said he was talking to another boy called James, who lived there.   One patient, a big chain-smoking woman, was thrown out of a window to her death by another patient who wanted her cigarettes. Because the woman was Jewish, her body was not allowed to be moved until a Rabbi had seen it, so her body was left lying out the front of the hospital dead for 2 days while the Rabbi made the trip up from Melbourne. Her ghost has been seen on the spot where she fell by several witnesses over the last decade.   The gardens of Beechworth have long been subdivided into allotments; those who live nearby have seen the ghost of a man wearing a green woolen jacket. The spirit is thought to be a gardener named Arthur, who worked the gardens for many years earning ten shillings a week. He wore his green jacket in winter and summer, and no one could persuade him to remove it. After Arthur died, it was discovered why; Arthur had been secretly storing his wages in the seam of his jacket. When the nurses opened it, they found 140 pounds hidden inside, over four years of his wages.    Well…we know you love this stuff, so we'll throw in another quick one! Gonjiam Psychiatric Hospital in South Korea! In 1982 the Gonjiam Psychiatric Hospital was established outside Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, by a Mr. Hong. The original building was just over 11,000m² and spread across three floors. Sometime during the early 1990s, two additional buildings were added, which increased the size by another 500m². In July 1996, the hospital closed a short time later and was left abandoned and unmaintained for over two decades.   Nefarious rumors began to spread about the hospital's closure, and ghost hunters and urban explorers started flocking to the spooky site in droves. As a result, Gonjiam Psychiatric Hospital quickly gained a reputation as one of the top three haunted buildings in South Korea. But until an article was published by CNN in 2012 featuring Gonjiam as one of the world's most terrifying locations, the hospital mainly had maintained its ghostly reputation domestically.   Sources discussing the history of Gonjiam and the hospital's fate aren't widespread on the English side of the internet, so the majority of research for this article was done using Korean sources. So, however, specific dates and versions of stories and events vary from reference to authority, so it's worth taking some information with a grain of salt. So enjoy Gonjiam Psychiatric Hospital for the creepy legacy it left behind, but don't consider it a perfect reflection of the history of psychiatric hospitals in South Korea.   So what's all the fuss about? What makes this particular abandoned hospital so terrifying?   It helps that the entire building looks like a living, breathing 'haunted insane asylum' trope: Collapsed ceilings. Long echoing corridors. Doors that shut on their own. Patient rooms are littered with old mattresses and forgotten personal items.   The main building is a concrete block with a zigzagging exterior staircase and windowless black holes peering into the eerie interior from the outside. The building just looks haunted. And what do creepy abandoned buildings need? A ghost story, of course. And it didn't take long for one to begin making the rounds.   According to legend, many patients at Gonjiam died mysteriously, forcing the hospital to shut down permanently. Some believe the murders were committed by the hospital owner, who was accused of keeping the patients' hostage. However, it's said that the owner fled to America after the victims' families and government authorities began investigating the unexplained deaths.   Another story says Gonjiam's doctors and director were driven to madness while working alongside the mentally ill patients, which led the director to end his own life. Finally, some believe his suicide was caused by a ghost who possessed his body and drove him to insanity.   And the many other ghosts that haunt Gonjiam's abandoned halls are the victims of the psychotic doctors and murderous owner. So while the hospital is closed for the living, the former patients of Gonjiam are trapped forever in the place where they met their gruesome end.   The real reason for the hospital's closure is much less exciting… The hospital director didn't commit suicide, nor was Gonjiam closed due to the mistreatment or murder of patients. Business at Gonjiam Psychiatric Hospital actually came to an end because of finances, not mad doctors. With the implementation of the Water Source Protection Act in South Korea, a new sewage treatment facility became a sudden legal requirement for the hospital. This caused a disagreement between the owner and the director over whether or not it was worth the financial strain to install a new treatment facility. While talks were ongoing in 1997, the elderly owner passed away, and a new treatment facility was never installed, so the hospital remained closed. When the former owner's son took over the property, he neglected to maintain it, and the hospital fell into disrepair.   As for the former hospital's director, he was alive and well at the closing of Gonjiam and allegedly opened another psychiatric hospital in the province of Gangwon-do, east of Seoul.   Essentially, nothing about the legend surrounding Gonjiam Psychiatric Hospital is actually true. And a lot of the rumors seem to come from a South Korean television show called 이영돈 PD 논리로 풀다 (ENG: Solve with the logic of PD Lee Young-don), which had an episode featuring the reported hauntings at Gonjiam.   The Asylum is no longer standing, but it isn't hard to see why stories ran wild about this place. Just look at pictures of it before it was demolished. And despite the legends not being true, the reports of hauntings still existed until the day the place was destroyed. Many people did die there, so there is definitely that possibility. If you look around, you can find chilling stories about sneaking in and experiencing everything from strange sounds, screaming, and even apparitions and shadows moving about.    We wanted to throw this one in because it looks creepy, and it's on a place we've not covered anything in yet.. plus the urban legends surrounding the site are pretty awesome in their own right!   Since we ended in South Korea, we're gonna do the best Korean horror movies as per rotten tomatoes! https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/best-korean-horror-movies/

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-Overview of the four-way presidential TV debate-Yoon Seok-youl's controversial remark on an additional THAAD deployment-Prosecution drops criminal accusation filed against Lee Jae-myung and his aide Jung Jin-sang -DP conflicts with Head Prosecutor Han Dong-hoon over his alleged connection with Kim Kun-hee-Gyeonggi-do investigates Lee Jae-myung's wife Kim Hye-kyung's using a company credit card on personal matters-COVID-19 updates & new omicron response system-첫 4자 대선토론 결과 및 정리-윤석열, '사드 추가' 발언 논란-검찰, 이재명·정진상 무혐의 결론-민주당, 한동훈 검사장과 대립 빚어-경기도, 이재명 부인 김혜경 관련 '법인카드 유용 의혹' 감사 착수-코로나 업데이트 및 새 오미크론 대응 체계 Guest: Kelly Cho, ReporterSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

News Briefing-People's Party head Ahn Cheol-soo emphasizes ethics ahead of his potential presidential bid-Former Justice Minister Choo Mi-ae and Former Prime Minister Lee Nak-yeon clashed during a TV debate-Gyeonggi governor Lee Jae-myung requests investigation on allegations that he gave preferential treatment over development projects-Leftover vaccines to become available for 2nd shots of Pfizer and Moderna-국민의당 안철수 대표 도덕성 강조하며 대선 출마 시사-추미애 전 법무부 장관과 이낙연 전 민주당 대표 TV토론서 충돌-이재명 경기도지사 대장동 개발사업 특혜 논란 수사 요청-잔여백신으로 화이자·모더나 등 2차접종 가능Guest: Son Jiyoon, ReporterSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

News Briefing-미공개 사실 담긴 4월 3일 고발장에 언론 사찰 가능성 의혹 제기-민주당 경선 및 선거인단 투표 줄줄이 과반 득표 얻은 이재명 경기지사-정의당 대선주자들 경선 첫 일정 시작-이의신청 닷새만에 7만 건 넘는 등 논란 이어지는 재난지원금 선별기준-Controversial complaint letters to receive media inspection allegations by including undisclosed facts -Gyeonggi governor Lee Jae-myung claims overwhelming wins in DP's primaries and electoral college votes-Justice Party presidential contenders to begin their election race campaign-Continuing controversies over COVID-19 relief fund's selective support Guest: Son Jiyoon, ReporterSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

News Briefing-Government to hint at eased social distancing guidelines from October-Gyeonggi governor Lee Jae-myung's landslide victory in DP's Chungcheong primaries-Main opposition PPP's presidential contenders to conflict over the adverse selection prevention rule-Rising concerns over Al Qaeda's revival ahead of the 20th anniversary of 9·11-유행 안정화 전제로 10월부터 '위드코로나' 거리두기 조정 예고한 정부-이재명 경기지사의 민주당 충청경선 싹쓸이 압승-역선택 룰 두고 갈등하는 국민의힘 내부-9·11 20년 주기 앞두고 미국 내 증가하는 알카에다 부활 우려Guest: Son Jiyoon, ReporterSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.