Podcasts about Relaxin

Wellness Insights Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 30, 2025 23:30

Fear of pain during labor is very common, especially as your due date approaches. Whether you are planning an unmedicated birth or know you want an epidural, this episode will help you better understand how to manage labor pain with confidence. Learn how factors like your mindset, support system, and birth environment can shape your experience. In addition to exploring pain management options, this episode covers a wide range of techniques, strategies, and tools to support you during labor. Plus, get tips to build a resilient mindset to face your fears and go into birth feeling calm, capable, and prepared. Thank you to our sponsor 20% off Mommy Steps or Form insoles with the promo code FEET. Mommy Steps insoles combine optimal arch support with a comfortable cradle for your foot. Changes during pregnancy like rapid weight gain and increased levels of Relaxin can create lifelong changes to the structure of your feet. Keeping your feet properly supported during pregnancy can help alleviate common pregnancy-related foot problems. Read the full article and resources that accompany this episode. Join Pregnancy Podcast Premium to access the entire back catalog, listen to all episodes ad-free, get a copy of the Your Birth Plan Book, and more. Check out the 40 Weeks podcast to learn how your baby grows each week and what is happening in your body. Plus, get a heads up on what to expect at your prenatal appointments and a tip for dads and partners. For more evidence-based information, visit the Pregnancy Podcast website.

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Dr Chalmers Path to Pro - Pelvic Floor

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2025 15:30

Discover the often-overlooked importance of pelvic floor health and how it plays a crucial role in pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum recovery. Learn the benefits of strengthening the pelvic floor through simple exercises like Kegels, squats, and bridges enhancing core function, reducing discomfort, and improving overall physical wellness for women before, during, and after pregnancy.Also covered are ways full-body movement supports better lymphatic flow, reduces swelling, and helps prevent postpartum challenges. Involving partners in the recovery journey can lead to healthier moms and stronger family dynamics. Whether you're planning for a baby or already a parent, this conversation offers practical insights for building strength and long-term well-being.Highlights of the Podcast00:01 - Core Strength & Pelvic Floor Basics00:54 - Kegels & Easy At-Home Exercises02:08 - Squats & Full-Range Movements04:30 - Relaxin & Joint Stability06:40 - Bridge, Cat-Cow & Vinyasa Yoga08:42 - Postpartum Depression & Movement09:45 - Dad's Role: Supporting Mom11:30 - Mom's Mental Health & Reframing12:50 - Long-Term View: Building Strong Families

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DR. SINEAD DUFOUR -Pelvic Girdle Pain, Relaxin, and Virtual Care — What Women Deserve to Know

Active Mom Postpartum

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 21, 2025 69:51

Send us a text

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Puro Jazz 28 de febrero, 2025

PuroJazz

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 1, 2025 59:39

FRANK STROZIER “LONG NIGHT” New York, September 12, 1961How little we know (gc,pp out), The need for love, The crystal ball (1), Pacemaker (gc,pp out)Frank Strozier (as,fl-1) George Coleman (ts) Pat Patrick (bar,fl-1) Chris Anderson (p) Bill Lee (b) Walter Perkins (d) JOE PASS “JOY SPRING” Encore Theatre, Los Angeles, February 6, 1964Joy spring, Relaxin' at CamarilloMike Wofford (p) Joe Pass (g) Jim Hughart (b) Colin Bailey (d) LUCKY THOMPSON “NEW YORK CITY 1964-65” Live, Jazz on Broadway, The Little Theatre, New York, February 28, 1964The world awakes (lt+rhythm only,2)Dave Burns (tp) Benny Powell (tb) Danny Turner (as) Lucky Thompson (ts-1,sop-2) Cecil Payne (bar) Hank Jones (p) Richard Davis (b) Al Dreares (d) Live “The Half-Note”, New York, February 19, 1965What's new (2)Lucky Thompson (ts-1,sop-2) Paul Neves (p) George Tucker (b) Oliver Jackson (d) Alan Grant (mc) Continue reading Puro Jazz 28 de febrero, 2025 at PuroJazz.

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Good morning from Pharma and Biotech daily: the podcast that gives you only what's important to hear in Pharma and Biotech world. Lilly has stopped a mid-stage study on relaxin for chronic kidney disease due to a lack of foreseeable clinical benefit, following the drug's failure in a related heart failure study. Meanwhile, Novo Nordisk's Ozempic has received FDA approval for kidney disease, expanding its use beyond diabetes and weight loss. The FDA may see changes under RFK Jr. and Makary, with concerns raised about Kennedy's vaccine-related views. BioAge has dropped an obesity asset after going public, I-Mab and Zentalis are cutting staff, and Novavax is seeking silver linings two years into a reset. Stay tuned for more updates in the biotech industry.

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El cl

Cafè Jazz

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 16, 2024 28:10

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ASMR RELAXIN G Triggers for DEEP Sleep (No Talking)

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 7, 2024 38:45

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Getting Your Edge: How to Rightsize your Home and Life.

"Chillin' and Relaxin': Your Hosts are on Vacation"

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 1, 2024 0:39

We are on vacation this week to chill and relax. But, we'll be back with a new episode filled with valuable and useful information to help you right-size your life soon. Thanks for being a listener. We really appreciate your support.Dennis and JudyWe Would Love to Hear Your Feedback!We Would Love to Hear Your Feedback!

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"Chillin' and Relaxin': Your Hosts are on Vacation"

Getting Your Edge: How to Rightsize your Home and Life.

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 24, 2024 1:41

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MedEvidence! Truth Behind the Data

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 19, 2024 40:13

Send us a Text Message.In the latest MedEvidence episode, join cardiologists Dr. Trevor Greene, Dr. Carlos Henriquez, and Dr. Michael Koren as they help you navigate heart failure, from symptoms to advanced therapies. Dive into the heart of heart failure treatment as we explore a multifaceted approach emphasizing personalized care. From diuretics and ACE inhibitors to groundbreaking SGLT2 inhibitors, The cardiologists provide a deep dive into the medications revolutionizing heart failure therapy. Discover the importance of regular follow-ups with healthcare providers to tailor treatments and enhance patient quality of life. This episode sheds light on the primary goals of heart failure therapy—extending lifespan, reducing hospitalizations, and improving overall patient well-being.Finally, we tackle advanced treatment strategies and the substantial economic burden of heart failure. Learn about the role of devices like ICDs and CRTs in managing severe cases and the intriguing hormone relaxin, which might offer new hope for heart failure patients beyond pregnancy. The doctors also share practical advice on navigating the healthcare system and the impact of seasonal variations on heart failure management. Tune in for a wealth of knowledge and actionable insights that could transform the lives of heart failure patients and their caregivers.Talking Points:Understanding Heart Failure EpidemiologyCauses of Heart Failure Treatment Strategies for Heart FailureEconomics of Heart FailureRole of Relaxin in Heart HealthHeart Failure ResearchRebroadcast for WJCT Studios on May 29, 2024Be a part of advancing science by participating in clinical researchShare with a friend. Rate, Review, and Subscribe to the MedEvidence! podcast to be notified when new episodes are released.Follow us on Social Media:FacebookInstagramTwitterLinkedInWant to learn more checkout our entire library of podcasts, videos, articles and presentations at www.MedEvidence.com Powered by ENCORE Research GroupMusic: Storyblocks - Corporate InspiredThank you for listening!

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92 | Week 2 Postpartum Guide

New Mom Naturopath: Postpartum, Mindset, postpartum mental health

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 6, 2024 31:12

Week 2 Postpartum Guide Podcast: New Mom Naturopath Host: Dr. Kailyn Galloway Welcome to Week 2 of our postpartum 12-week series! In today's episode, Dr. Kailyn Galloway dives into the changes and challenges that new moms face during the second week postpartum. This episode is filled with insights, tips, and personal anecdotes to help you navigate this crucial time. Episode Highlights: 1. Adjusting to Week 2: - The significant decrease in blood flow and hormone levels. - Physical changes, including the reduction in swelling and return to pre-pregnancy blood pressure levels. - Emotional rollercoaster due to hormone withdrawal, and how common it is to feel overwhelmed and cry over small things. 2. Hormonal and Physical Changes: - The role of Relaxin in your body and how it affects your blood vessels and ligaments. - The ongoing process of your uterus shrinking back to its normal size and the associated cramping. - Increased kidney function leading to frequent urination and its impact on your comfort. 3. Breastfeeding and Lactation: - Tips for managing engorgement and ensuring a good latch. - Importance of balancing nursing on both sides to avoid discomfort and uneven milk production. - Using breast milk for minor ailments like mucousy eyes or nasal congestion in your baby. 4. Emotional Support and Self-Care: - The importance of giving yourself grace and not expecting perfection. - Encouraging new moms to set aside time for self-care, even if it means putting the baby down for a moment. - Highlighting the need for support and suggesting joining Dr. Galloway's Facebook group for community and advice. 5. Free Coaching Calls: - Dr. Galloway offers free coaching calls to help new moms manage the stress and challenges of postpartum. - How to schedule a free coaching call via the link in the show notes. 6. Practical Advice: - Encouraging the use of a lactation consultant for personalized breastfeeding support. - Tips on using household items like pillows for better breastfeeding positions. - The benefits of having formula on hand and not feeling guilty about using it if needed. Closing Thoughts: Dr. Galloway reassures new moms that they are doing a great job, despite the challenges and emotional ups and downs of the postpartum period. Tune in next Monday for Week 3, which will focus on mental and emotional support. Links and Resources: - Schedule a Free Coaching Call - Join the Facebook Group - Apple Podcasts - Leave a Review Thank you for listening, and remember, you're not alone on this journey!

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Episode 836: Whole 'Nuther Thing May 11, 2024

Whole 'Nuther Thing

Play Episode Listen Later May 14, 2024 119:46

"Wish I was a Kellogg's CornflakeFloatin' in my bowl takin' movies,Relaxin' awhile, livin' in styleTalkin' to a raisin who occasionally plays L.A.Casually glancing at his toupeeAh, South California"Let's float together on this afternoon's Whole 'Nuther Thing. Today's musical journey will be a rather mellow affair so put on your shades and sunscreen and come along with me on KXFM 104.7. Joining us are James Lee Stanley and John Batdorf Music, Dusty Springfield, Brian Auger, Kenny Rankin, Judy Collins, Jimmy Buffett, America (The Band), Jim Croce, Tom Petty. Kansas, The Beatles, John Denver, The Hollies, Byrds, Eagles, Lee Michaels Fan Page, Lovin' Spoonful, Bob Dylan, Journey, The Turtles, Jackson Browne, Gordon Lightfoot, James Taylor, Glen Campbell, Youngbloods, Graham Nash and Simon & Garfunkel.

ASMR RELAXIN G Triggers for DEEP Sleep (No Talking)

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 13, 2024 38:45

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ASMR RELAXIN G Triggers for DEEP Sleep (No Talking)

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 31, 2024 38:45

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ASMR RELAXIN G Triggers for DEEP Sleep (No Talking)

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 17, 2024 38:45

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ASMR RELAXIN G Triggers for DEEP Sleep (No Talking)

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 4, 2024 38:45

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ASMR RELAXIN G Triggers for DEEP Sleep (No Talking)

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 24, 2024 38:45

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ASMR RELAXIN G Triggers for DEEP Sleep (No Talking)

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 16, 2024 38:45

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ASMR RELAXIN G Triggers for DEEP Sleep (No Talking)

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 27, 2024 38:45

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ASMR RELAXIN G Triggers for DEEP Sleep (No Talking)

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 18, 2024 38:45

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Meet the Eves (with Cat Bohannon)

Family Proclamations

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 9, 2024 93:36 Transcription Available

Cat Bohannon says for far too long the story of human evolution has ignored the female body. Her new book offers a sweeping revision of human history. It's an urgent and necessary corrective that will forever change your understanding of birth and why it's more difficult for humans than virtually any other animal species on the planet. Her best-selling book is called Eve: How the Female Body Drove 200 Million Years of Human Evolution, and we're talking all about it in this episode. Transcript BLAIR HODGES: When Cat Bohannan was working on her PhD, she noticed something was missing from the story she usually heard about human evolution. Specifically, women are missing. That seemed like a pretty big oversight. So she tracked down the most cutting edge research and pulled it together into a fascinating new book. Cat is here to talk about it. It's called Eve: How the Female Body Drove 200 Million Years of Evolution. Since we're taking a new look at families, gender and sex on the show, I thought, what better place to begin than the place where we all begin at birth? Let's look at how that messy dangerous, incredible process came to be. There's no one right way to be a family and every kind of family has something we can learn from. I'm your host Blair Hodges, and this is Family Proclamations. INSPIRED BY SCI-FI (7:12) BLAIR HODGES: Cat Bohannon joins us. We're talking about the book Eve: How the Female Body Drove 200 Million Years of Evolution. Cat, welcome to Family Proclamations. CAT BOHANNON: Hey, thanks for having me. BLAIR HODGES: You bet. I'm thrilled about this. This is this is such a good book. Your introduction suggests the idea for it was conceived in a movie theater or after you had just seen a movie prequel to Alien. I didn't see that coming. Talk about how the book started. CAT BOHANNON: Right, so as a person who is femme-presenting, as a person who identifies as a woman, I have many triggering moments for where I might want to talk about the body and its relation to our lives. However, there was this one kind of crystallizing bit. I'm a big sci-fi fan, big Kubrick fan, big Ridley Scott fan, so I'm gonna go, when they come out, I'm gonna go. Now, this is a prequel to Alien, so you know going into this film that whatever characters you meet, it's not gonna go well for them. You just accept it in that kind of sadistic way as an audience of these things, like this is—yeah, you know where it's going. But in this case, what happened is the main character has been impregnated, effectively, with a vicious alien squid, as you do. And she's sort of shambling in a desperate state, and she arrives in this crashed spaceship at a MedPod. So it's like surgery in a box, you know, that's the idea. And she asked the computer for a cesarean. I think she actually says something like, “CESAREAN!”, you know, but she wants help with her situation, her tentacled situation. And the MedPod says, “I'm sorry, this MedPod is calibrated for male patients only.” And I hear in the row exactly behind me, a woman say, “Who does that?” Exactly. Who does that? Who sends a multi-trillion dollar expedition into space? Right? Presumably that's the, maybe it costs more and doesn't make sure that the medical equipment works on women, right? And it turns out us. Yeah, it's us. We're the ones who do that. Right now, in every single hospital, It's a problem. BLAIR HODGES: So your book is looking at the “male norm” problem. You're looking at how, and not just in medical science, but I think in the ways anthropology has worked, a lot of sociological studies, studies of medicine—they assume the male body as the norm and then proceed from there. There are practical reasons for this that you talk about in the book, with medicine trials, for example, where you want a body that isn't maybe going to experience a lot of hormonal flux over the course of the study, or that isn't going to be pregnant or something. CAT BOHANNON: Mm-hmm. BLAIR HODGES: And so women get left out of scientific conversations a lot, not just in medicine but also in the history of evolution. Your book wants to address that gap. CAT BOHANNON: Yes, absolutely. And you can see it even in Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey, where they're inventing the first tool, right? And they're banging a bone on the ground that they use to beat the crap out of a guy. The camera tracks it, the bone goes up into the air and turns into a spaceship. This is the classic idea of tool triumphalism—that where we come from is male bodies doing what we stereotypically associate with male body stuff, like beating the crap out of people. BLAIR HODGES: Yeah. CAT BOHANNON: And there's no females in that scene. Where are they? Are they behind a hill having the babies? Like how—this is where evolution works, people. These are the bodies that make the babies, that make the babies that make the babies, right? And it's absolutely true that in the stories we tell ourselves about our bodies and where we come from, we often erase the idea of femininity. We often erase the presence of females as this kind of insignificant side character. But in biology, particularly in mammals, it's often quite the reverse. Things that drive mutations in female bodies, biologically female bodies, are often major drivers for the trajectory of that species because the outcome of our reproductive lives is strongly, strongly tied to the health of the bodies of the female. BLAIR HODGES: I love how you framed this: You invite us to think about our bodies as a collection of things that evolved at different times for different reasons. And you're looking especially at how female bodies have evolved. So breasts themselves have a heritage; milk has a heritage; ovaries have a heritage; senses have a heritage. And instead of one singular female that we'll look back to as our origin—like the biblical Eve, for example—you say there are actually a lot of different Eves. Because you're looking at the origins of all of these different parts of the body. CAT BOHANNON: Yep, absolutely. I mean, when you look in the mirror, what you see, if you're a sighted person is—well, it's a mix, right? It's actually the photons bouncing off of that mirror surface, which have already bounced off the surface of your body and then eventually find their way to your retinas. And that's all the technical features of how your eyeballs do what they do if you have eyeballs that do that. But it's also inevitably embedded in cultural understandings. And it's also embedded in an idea of time. That you begin at a certain point, your body arrives through—well actually through a very wet passage usually, into the world and so you are you. But actually, the body itself is a continuation of many processes that work very chaotically and intricately together that started a very long time ago. And your intestines are effectively way older than even your upright pelvis. Your pelvis is way older than your encephalized brain. So what you're looking at in the mirror is almost like, this might be too lyric, but it's almost like a point in a stream of light blasting out backwards from you and out forwards in front of you, because what you are isn't so much a thing, but something that is happening. MORGIE AND THE MILK (7:12) BLAIR HODGES: And you take us way back in time. 200 million years ago is when you take us, back to the first Eve. This is the “milk” mom, the mammal who kind of brought milk here. You describe her, you call her Morgie, and she's sort of this little weasel mouse. Tell us a little bit about Morgie. CAT BOHANNON: Morgie's fun. We nicknamed her Morgie because the Smithsonian did that before I did, thank you very much. She is an exemplar genus. There are many species of morganucodon, but they're often nicknamed Morgie in the community of paleo folk. And they are this lovely little kind of weasel rat bitch. She's great. She's only about the size of a field mouse. She is presumed to be burrowing. So she lives in little holes in the ground. BLAIR HODGES: The drawing is so cute, by the way, that you have in there. CAT BOHANNON: Isn't she wonderful? I hired this amazing illustrator. And as you'll see in the book and duly cited, she was very, very talented and we worked together. She wanted to have portraits of all the Eves. And I was like, yeah, let's do portraits of all the Eves. But she's coming from a Catholic background, my mother's Catholic too, so she wanted to do them like Saint cards, where you have the iconography in the center, but then all in the periphery around the side, you have all of these symbolic things. So you have a picture of Morgie, which is the real Madonna, thank you. But she doesn't have nipples. She's sweating drops of milk out of her milk patches on her belly. And she has these weird little pups sipping from it. Anyway, this is a podcast. You can look at it for yourselves when you get the book. But it's a beautiful, beautiful portrait. And the reason I picked Morgie as the start is, what people often forget is that, okay, yeah, we know we're mammals. You might've heard that even in high school bio. You're like, okay, homo sapiens, mammals, right? But what's not often talked about is, one of the many characteristic traits that make us mammals are deeply tied to how we reproduce, which is to say are deeply tied to the female sex of a species. And Morgie is this moment roughly when we think, okay, here's where we start lactating. Here's where we start making milk. And that becomes a key part of how we continue the development of our offspring after they exit the womb. And the funny thing about milk, of course, is that we're still laying eggs while we're first making milk, right? So we are egg-laying weird weasels, which is Morgie, in our little burrow, under the feet of dinosaurs, but also that we start lactating before we have nipples. When we often, for those of us who have breasts— BLAIR HODGES: Yeah, I didn't know this. CAT BOHANNON: I know, isn't it wild? I also learned this on my journey in the research. So when we look in the mirror, we think, oh, breasts, these things, where do they come from? And we think of them as a sexual trait. We think of them as a thing that is meant to signal attractiveness to our partners. But the thing is, is that exactly—But we may not even parse that, “Oh, are we talking about the shape? Are we talking about the fat? Are we talking about the—" And it's like, whoa, no, the origin of lactation is before you even have a nipple, that you actually are just sweating this thing out from modified endocrine glands out of your skin through your hair. And in fact, the duck-billed platypus, which is often modeled as a kind of weird monitoring basal mammal, she doesn't have nipples either. Her pups through their weird little bills are slurping the milk off the bottom of her belly through these milk patches. So that's where these things come from. BLAIR HODGES: I had no idea. And also that milk wasn't just for nutrition, but also a way to sort of protect the eggs, right? So Morgie was laying eggs and then milk would be produced to help the eggs, rather than just feed the babies? CAT BOHANNON: Yes. So for a lot of egg layers—not hard shell, not like a chicken, but a softer leathery shell, there are many species that make leathery eggs, yeah? The trick is, is when you're on land, you need to keep them moist. You can't have them dry out while that offspring is continuing to develop in there. So a lot of egg layers, it's kind of gross, but they secrete this kind of egg-moistening goo that also has a lot of useful anti-fungal and antibacterial properties. Because of course you also don't want the eggs to be overrun like old bread. You want it to both be wet but not moldy. Wet but not infested with parasites, right? BLAIR HODGES: [laughs] Sure. CAT BOHANNON: And so, yeah, the best model I've seen for the evolution of milk is actually derived from that original egg-moistening goo. Which is of course incredibly gross to think about, but more likely the origin of lactation. BLAIR HODGES: And you talk about the mechanics of the nipples themselves. So we do get to a nipple, evolutionarily we do develop these nipples. CAT BOHANNON: We do. I got two. BLAIR HODGES: Yeah, I do too! CAT BOHANNON: Some people have more. Yeah. BLAIR HODGES: I mean, mine would be a little bit trickier to get to milk from, but you do point out in the book that some male folks can lactate, given the right exercises and the right stimulation, et cetera. But with the nipple— CAT BOHANNON: And the right hormonal cocktail, usually. Yeah. BLAIR HODGES: Right, right. But with the nipple, it wasn't so straightforward. So even today, babies—it's not this natural, you know, it can be tough to get babies to latch. So it's like the odds were still stacked against us. Even though we developed a nipple. It's this dance that a breastfeeder and a baby have to do to figure out how to still transfer that food across. CAT BOHANNON: Absolutely, and some species seem to be a little bit better at that, what we often call latching than others. My son was terrible at it. Absolutely just mangled my chest wall in ways that alarmed even the nurses. They're like, “oh God, here's a pump.” It's okay, eventually, whatever, I didn't have a moral goal for it. Luckily, I was able to not be embedded in that debate that many women do in the way we punish ourselves. “Oh, I wasn't able to lactate well enough!” But yeah, come on, it's fine. I mean, and when you think of it from a biological perspective, when you think about it in that evolutionary frame, in many ways, the mammalian chest wall, our bodies know how to make milk better than babies know how to latch. It's an older trait, right? But there are many really, really cool traits about the latching when it does work, because milk is what's called a co-produced biological product. That means the mother and the offspring are actually making it together. Not simply because when you suckle, when an offspring suckles, that means you arrive at that letdown reflex—because we're not carrying a sloshing cup of milk around in our boobs no matter how big they are. This isn't a Ziploc bag in there, right? This is actually like maybe a couple tablespoons at a time if you're lucky when you're lactating. But no, the suckling actually triggers the milk glands to kick up production, and that's what starts the whole process rolling. But the more important thing there, for the latching—because once you have that vacuum-like seal, once the kid's mouth latches on, forms the seal like a weird lamprey, and sucks that relatively giant nipple into its mouth, well now actually you've created something of a tide. Because as the child suckles, it's creating a vacuum while it sucks its cheeks in. And that's to suck the milk down as it's coming. But the tongue's moving back and forth, which moves the focus of the vacuum back and forth, which creates a tide, like a wave on the shore, of milk over the top and under the bottom. The baby's spit is sucked back up into the nipple because that's how undertow works, it's just physics! Which is gross and invasive to think about as a person who's done it. But it's true that the spit is then drawn up into the whole lining of the tubing of the breast where it's read like some weird ancient code. BLAIR HODGES: Right! CAT BOHANNON: And the mother's immune system is responding. All sorts of different sensors are responding and changing the content of the milk to suit. So if the kid's sick, then you get more immunoagents coming down that nipple to help the kid fight off the infection. And a bunch of hormonal stuff and ratios of proteins to sugar. We make our milk to suit, given what we're effectively, anciently reading in the kid's spit. Now that said, breast pumps are awesome. Your kid will be fine if you're not able to do this, okay? You know, modern technology is beautiful, “Fed is best.” But if you are getting the latching, then that's what's actually happening. BLAIR HODGES: This is the kind of thing your book is chock full of. So many times people are going to run into things they may have never heard of that are just unreal. You also talk about how the breast can be dangerous business too. I mean, evolution has trade-offs. Breast cancer, for example, is so common with women. So you can benefit the baby, but having the ability to produce this milk and do this thing through the breasts also increases a risk to the breast-haver as well. You talk about such trade-offs throughout the book. CAT BOHANNON: Absolutely, and I'll also offer that male bodies and men and trans women are also all capable of getting breast cancer. We all actually have mammary tissue, but male typical bodies tend to have way less of it. And mammary tissue, because it's so dynamically responsive to hormonal signaling, is just one of those places in the body that's more vulnerable to the processes that can drive cancer. And BLAIR HODGES: Mmhmm. Cells going haywire. CAT BOHANNON: Exactly, exactly. So it's still something absolutely that non-binary folk and gender queer folk of all types should pay attention to. If something's bugging you in your body, talk to your doctor. BLAIR HODGES: Yeah, there are so many footnotes that have that caveat of like, by the way, talk to your doctor just in case. CAT BOHANNON: Well, it's so important. DONNA AND THE WOMB (16:27) BLAIR HODGES: Let's talk about the next Eve, this is Donna. And this is a chapter about the womb. Donna emerged after a catastrophic cataclysm, whatever killed off the dinosaurs. There was this little weasel type animal that made it through all that destruction. This is 60 million some odd years ago, and you point to her as a reason why so many women today have periods. Let's talk about Donna. CAT BOHANNON: Donna, which is, I nicknamed her Donna, of course, Protungulatum Donnae, but Donna's easier. It's cuter to call her Donna. So she is an ancestor of the modern placental womb. Now we only have one womb. Many mammals still have two because they're evolved, of course, from the shell gland of our former egg layers. And the reason we have one, we're not entirely sure why, but we know the mechanism is that you have these two organs that are merging into one and producing that kind of, in our case, pear-shaped thing, but many, many women and girls are still born with a uterus that has a little dent in the top. Very common. Some even have a whole fibrous divide down the middle. Some are even still born with two uteri, less common, but happens, and two cervixes and two vaginas to match. CAT BOHANNON: So the easiest way to remember the difference between us and marsupials is: marsupials pouch, us no pouch. But also marsupials: two or more vaginas, which is fun, and us only the one. But the thing the reason to think about that isn't simply that it's cute and weird and fun imagining all of the things you might do with an extra vagina—all of which I'm sure are for the good, but that it's really talking about, at what point in development is that offspring coming out of that maternal body, and how much of development is finished outside of the womb, in or out of a pouch or a burrow or what have you. So this is the moment we start going down the path towards our somewhat catastrophic human reproductive system that is long derived from early, early mammals just after that cataclysm, which knocked out almost all the dinosaurs except for a few disgruntled birds, right? That's what's left of them. Your house sparrow. But what we have now is, we have this really patently crazy thing where instead of laying eggs like a sensible creature, we effectively hot dock them into our bodies within a uterus and then transform, not simply the uterus, but the entire body into this kind of eggshell slash meat factory of a burrow. Because our body is now effectively the burrow for that phase of development. In marsupials, it comes out like the size of a jelly bean, comes out a lot sooner, finishing out most of that development in the pouch and then elsewhere. For us, we're finishing a lot of the development inside our bodies, which has all kinds of knock-on effects. BLAIR HODGES: One of my favorite parts of the book that just blew me away was the illustration—I think it's on page 76—of the female pelvic anatomy. What we usually see is the uterus, and it's stretched out and it looks kind of like hip bones. It looks like our hips, like the ovaries are stretched out, the tubes are. And you show, no, it's actually sort of just like balled and smooshed up in there all together— CAT BOHANNON: Totally. BLAIR HODGES: —which I mean, I have never seen this illustration before! I've always seen that other illustration where it's all laid out. CAT BOHANNON: Yeah. So a lot of us learn—if we're lucky enough to have something like sex ed. Sadly, not all of us do, but for those of us who are able to have that be part of our education, it's kind of like a T shape, like a capital letter T, where you have that uterus and the vag in the middle, and then you have those fallopian tubes extending out to the side with two little grapes, you know, near the fringy bits, right, which are the ovaries. But the body doesn't have all this extra room in it. It's not like stretching out its arms. It's all kind of smooshed up in there. Which means that I've had the very real and very common experience of having had a transvaginal ultrasound, where they're like trying to image my ovaries and they can't find one. Because for whatever reason, the path of that ultrasound beam is being blocked by a part of the bowel or the uterus itself, or just, something's in the way and the ovary's hiding. And I was very alarmed at this moment, partially because I had a large thing inside my vagina and I was trying to maintain a conversation. It's rough. BLAIR HODGES: [laughs] Right. CAT BOHANNON: But it's also like, this person's telling me they can't find one of my ovaries. I'm like, “Well where the hell is it?” Like, did I lose an ovary? Like what? You know? And no, actually it's just that everything is very smushed in there, which is part of why ovarian cysts can hurt so much for people who have them. Because you have that radiating signal of irritation hitting many different organs in that area, right? And so it can be kind of hard to pinpoint what you're feeling exactly. You just know it hurts or that it's like pressure, right? And it's different person to person. It's also unfortunately why ovarian cancer is so very dangerous. People who have these biologically female bodies, we kind of get used to aches and pains down there. It's kind of a weird common sensation, for fluctuations over a menstrual cycle, to have some kind of achy bits, some kind of bloated bits, some kind of “what was that sharp pain, I don't know, it went away, cool,” right? So in the early stages of ovarian cancer, it's often the case that a patient may not be fully aware that what's happening might be new. Now that's not to have your listeners be terrified. If something's bothering you, again, talk to your doctor. BLAIR HODGES: Yeah. CAT BOHANNON: But it is absolutely why it's so dangerous, because of course, given that it's so smushed against everything in there, it's not hard to metastasize. You're right up against the bowel. You're very close to the liver. You're in the mix in there. BLAIR HODGES: It's packed in there! And you talk about how bonkers this is, and how many people who have gone through pregnancy have said, like, “What the hell is this?!” [laughs] Like, why do I have to do this? CAT BOHANNON: Fair! Fair question. Yes. Somewhere in our very deep sci-fi future, if we don't blow ourselves up first—which given the news today seems very close to happening, thanks—but assuming we survive the insanity that is human culture and conflict, there is a future in which there is a truly external womb. Which would have to be effectively an entire synthesized female body, right? Because it's not just, it's also your immune system, it's your respiration, it's many things. But assuming in the very deep, many hundreds of years in the future that this happens, it immediately changes everything. Because of course, then it immediately becomes unethical to ever ask a female to do this dangerous thing. She may still choose, but it becomes unethical to ask, because there's truly an alternative. BLAIR HODGES: Hmm. CAT BOHANNON: Anyway, so there's a thought experiment for you in our future sci-fi. But yeah, it is nuts. It's nuts that we make babies the way we do. Our pregnancies and our births and our postpartum recoveries are longer and harder and more prone to dangerous complications that can and do cripple and or kill mother, child or both. And that's true compared to almost any other primate except for squirrel monkeys, and we feel sorry for them. But that's true for almost any other mammal. We suck at this! We're actually bad at reproduction, which seems counterintuitive because there are eight billion of us. But it's true. BLAIR HODGES: Right. And we see you trying to theorize as to why that is. Like, we're so bad at reproduction, but we're also so highly successful, one might even say an invasive species in a way. CAT BOHANNON: Right. BLAIR HODGES: We've spread out everywhere. How did that happen if we're so bad at reproduction and it's such a costly and dangerous thing to do? CAT BOHANNON: Well, it took all of our very classic hominin resources to pull it off. We had to be super social and super clever problem solvers who are good at thinking about the world as a tool user. Which is to say, tool use is about behavior. So it's not like a paleoanthropologist actually gives a damn about this rock that someone used to cut something, right? The stone axes are not the thing they care about. They care about what they can infer about the behavior of its user. All paleoanthropologists are deeply behaviorists. What that means is, if all tool use is essentially overcoming a limitation of your body in order to achieve a goal in your given environment and using some manipulation of your behavior to do that, well, our most important invention, if we suck at reproduction, was gynecology. Lucy—and I'm not the first to say this—Lucy the australopithecine, 3.2 million years ago, had a freakin' midwife. And habilis after her had even more reproductive workarounds, as did erectus, all the way up to homo sapiens. We were manipulating our fertility patterns through behavior. And that's a huge upgrade. Now you don't have to wait around for your uterus to evolve to a thing that's less deadly—because, of course, you could also just go extinct. There's that. That's an option in evolution. You could also just not exist when you have bad reproduction. But if you can work around it behaviorally, if you can have midwives—we're one of the only species that regularly helps each other give birth. If you can manipulate your fertility patterns to up or down regulate your fertility too, because in any given environment, it might be better to cluster your births earlier in your reproductive life and then care for your sort of “useless” babies—I love my kid, but they're useless, right? For a long period of time, right? Like in your given environment, given your food supply, maybe that's a good plan. Or maybe things are more seasonal, or maybe it's actually there's not a lot of food at all and you need to stretch that sh*t out. You need to actually have them every four to six years or so, which is what chimpanzees do, which is what some known human communities do. So you have to think about how we choose to have babies and what we do to manipulate our fertility, including medicinally, including behaviorally, in the space of medical practices, as something that's adapting this buggy and fault-prone thing that is human reproduction to suit our different environments and lifestyles. And that starts not a few hundred years ago, not just in the deep history of racism and eugenics sadly in modern gynecology, but actually millions of years ago. BLAIR HODGES: Sure. And you're inviting us to think again about tools. So you talked about that scene in 2001: A Space Odyssey, where the tool is this bone that's a weapon, and we think about the rise of humanity as being tied to this type of tool. You're inviting people to re-envision that and say, actually, the tool of gynecology—which would have involved our own hands as tools—would have been such a crucial turning point for who we are as a species or who we could become. CAT BOHANNON: Mm-hmm. BLAIR HODGES: Because I think you even say, we “seized the means of reproduction,” or something at that point, which is a great pun. CAT BOHANNON: Yes, yes, and meant to be, because I too am a nerd. Yes, we do. We do indeed seize the means of actual freakin' reproduction and get our hands on the levers that are controlling not only our reproductive destiny, but then effectively our destiny as a species. PURGI AND HUMAN SENSE PERCEPTION (27:29) BLAIR HODGES: That's Cat Bohannon and she's a researcher and author with a PhD from Columbia University in the evolution of narrative and cognition. We're talking about her book, Eve: How the Female Body Drove 200 Million Years of Human Evolution. It's a brand new book, and it's a fabulous book. The next part I wanted to talk about was perception. And you say you got thinking about whether men and women perceive the world in different ways. And you got thinking about this as a college student working as a nude model at the local art school. And when students would take a break, you'd kind of wander through and check out how people were seeing you, how they were drawing you. And you noticed, invariably often, the men would be drawing your breasts too big. You're like, those aren't mine. But then as the weeks went by, they would get closer to normal size. Like something was changing in how they initially saw you, how they were drawing you. And so you wondered, like, are they seeing things differently than me? Is perception different? CAT BOHANNON: Mmhmm. BLAIR HODGES: Now, the danger in this question is falling into the trap of “men are from Mars, women are from Venus,” right? Essentializing gender. CAT BOHANNON: Yyyuuup. BLAIR HODGES: So we'll keep that in mind as you talk about perception and what you found in this chapter. CAT BOHANNON: Yeah, so there were some genderqueer folk in the art classes where I was a professional naked person, which was my job at the time. But for the most part, they were cis folk with a variety of sexualities. So I would just point out that in these rooms, there of course was diversity, and there was racial diversity too. However, the most obvious variable, you know, if you want to call it that, was simply that the male presenting folk who were almost universally cis, were drawing my boobs too big. Now, they're not small. I'm like a 34D. It's a problem. The straps dig into my shoulders. I know that I am not a small-breasted person for good and ill, but it's more that there's just the skill of literally, proportionally, how big are these knockers you're putting on this figure drawing. And the females, the women, the femmes, were not doing that. And it wasn't the case then—And it was happening semester after semester in multiple classes. So this is not a scientific study that I'm basing this on. This is an anecdote. But like, it was a thing. And I asked some other people who had been models and they were like, “Oh yeah, they always do that.” And I was asking them, what do you think it is? And they usually said something like, “Eh, it's just porn. Whatever, they get over it. It's fine. They just don't know how to not see porn when they see naked female bodies,” right? Although this was the late 90s and early aughts, so it was before the massive proliferation of internet porn, but whatever. It was a thing, is what I'm saying. It was a freakin' thing that was fairly consistent. And so I had to ask myself, like, do they literally look larger to them? You know? Is this a cultural thing? Is this gender mess? Is this just sexism? Is it just, you know, that soup of that thing where it's complicated? Or is there something physiological going on? And so for that, I take us back to the dawn of primates. Not in the “men are from Mars, women from Venus” way, but actually when were we actually weird little proto monkeys in a tree? And can that tell us anything about why they draw my boobs too big? And it's a journey. I go through quite a lot because there's a lot that goes into the evolution of the sensory array. The nose, the eyes, the ears. So there's a lot to work with there and it doesn't always come back to my naked self. The central reason why, as best as I could tell, they were drawing them too large is that they were literally fixating on them. So when your eye looks out on the world, it's doing a mixture of things. It's doing a mixture of saccades, which are these twitchy little movements. Your eyes are doing back and forth, back and forth, back and forth, that you don't even notice. And fixations, which means they're landing on one spot and staying there for a period before they move around again. And there does seem to be in the lab notable sex differences in how male saccade versus fixation patterns seem to work. Again, mostly these subjects are cis men. So there's your caveat, right? But one of the famous things about male versus female facial perception that classically in the psychological literature, cis women seem to be better at remembering faces—and these are sighted people of course—than cis men. And it seems to be, after doing some eye tracking studies with some careful cameras, that what's happening is that male eyes seem to focus more centrally on the center of the face, almost kind of around the tip and bridge of the nose, like that center zone. Whereas female typical eyes are doing fixations through all of the major points of facial features, eyes, nose, cheekbones, chin, up again, all around, all around, all around. BLAIR HODGES: Huh. CAT BOHANNON: Which is to say it may be the case that it's not that—you know, the stereotype women are more social, we're just better at remembering people because we're all kind of emotionally mushy or some sh*t, right? No. It's actually that where you fixate is giving you more signal for your long-term memory. And so if you're getting a broader range of information to dump into long-term memory, just literally what your eyes are doing may be helping you do that, right? Which is not about a psychology thing, it's a physiology thing. And in the boys' cases, I think they were quite literally fixating more on my breasts. Now, why they were doing that may well be cultural— BLAIR HODGES: Right. CAT BOHANNON: They don't have them for the most part. And you know they're 18 years old, people. I was naked in front of 18-year-old boys, so I have no more nightmares, right? But like, that's new. That's not in our culture. That's not a thing they've seen a lot in the social setting as opposed to an intimate setting, right? So you know, literally it's looming large in their mind and over the course of the semester as they get used to it—right? So it's both what their eyes are doing, but it's also cultural. BLAIR HODGES: Right, and this is where—and you point this out as well sometimes, especially in the footnotes—where studies on trans folks are going to shed a lot more light on this— CAT BOHANNON: Oh yeah. BLAIR HODGES: —where we can probably get a better sense of where culture fits in, where expectations fit in versus physiology. And we're still so early in scientific endeavors of thinking about trans perception— CAT BOHANNON: Absolutely we are. BLAIR HODGES: It's just huge questions to explore, so much more to explore there than we know. CAT BOHANNON: Mm-hmm. It's gonna be fun, it's gonna be great. THE NOSE (33:38) BLAIR HODGES: Yeah! This also talks about—So our eyes, our nose, and our ears are in this chapter. The nose, it was really cool to learn about how our faces flattened out over time, which made smell—We're not as great smelling like as we used to be. Our faces are flat. We don't have this big organ in there that does a lot of good smell stuff. And a lot of these changes happened when we were up in the trees, to our eyes and ears, that point to what seem to be some sex-based differences. Give us some examples of these sex based differences in smell, in sight, in sound, that still carry through today that are kind of throwbacks to this time when we were swinging from the trees, or I guess really just kind of crawling around in the trees. CAT BOHANNON: Yeah, yeah, we didn't have those brachiated shoulders yet. So swinging less so. But no, this is a kind of classic story of how we got the so-called monkey face. Even a kid can kind of draw a monkey face on a piece of paper. You got the big ears, got that kind of flat face, two forward-facing binocular stereoscopic eyes. Like we know what that looks like, but that's a very big change from something like a weasel or a mouse, right? Where you have that elongated snout, you have eyes a little bit more to the side. Right, and most of the people who talk about the evolution of primates do talk about how this came about. If a face is a sensory array, it's not just what we use to smile at each other. It's where we're hanging our primary sensors of the eyes, the nose, and the ears, and how we position them on our head is very much shaping how we perceive our environment. So the move up into the trees is a very different environment from the ground, especially from burrowing. There are many different ways in which we have to process the world differently. When it comes to the nose, one of the things that's interesting about human beings is we lost what's called the vomeronasal organ. In a lot of mammals, the perception of pheromones, you know, smells that usually the opposite sex put out that we innately strongly react to, which in a mouse is incredibly a dominant part of their perceptive lives. For us, we don't have it. We evolved away from it. We actually still have a teeny tiny little passage. It's like at the bottom of our sinuses, but it ends in kind of a—it hits a wall. It's not much going on there. Human beings don't seem to have a whole lot of pheromone perception left. But what we do have is a whole bunch of cisgender women who are a lot better at smelling stuff than males are. And we're not entirely sure we know why it is. But it is absolutely true classically in olfaction that female subjects are going to be better at detecting scents that are faint in a room. That's a concentration thing. You only need a little whiff, you know, whereas a male typical might need a stronger dose. We're better at discerning between different kinds of scents and we're better at recognizing it quickly. So we're literally smelling more finely than males are. But it's not because we have more receptors, actually. And in fact, our noses, our nostrils sucking in that air are smaller than most males in fact. No, the big difference actually seems to be in the olfactory bulb itself. This is the part of the brain that processes smell information. Yeah. And the cells are more tightly packed with more of them, even controlling for body size, in a female typical brain than in a male. And that just means it is transmitting that signal more quickly and more widely and more effectively, and then sending a stronger signal out to other parts of the brain. So we're literally wired differently. Don't entirely know why. And we're not really sure if that's a tree problem or if it's just like a sex pheromone problem that's a leftover. Not really sure. THE EARS (37:19) BLAIR HODGES: Not only not only our smell is discussed in this chapter, but our hearing is as well. You say that probably the most important differences between sex as pertains to hearing here—volume and pitch, women tend to hear better in higher pitches, they retain hearing better with age. What are the differences that stood out to you in a male typical versus a female typical body when it comes to our hearing? CAT BOHANNON: Uh, this was kind of wild for me. So I'd often heard the story, and maybe you have too, that female ears, human female ears, are better tuned to higher pitches that often correspond to baby cries, right? Men and women can hear the same pitches for most of our early lives, but we're more tuned in to the pitches that are associated with the pitches that babies usually use when they cry. To me, this was kind of an annoying story. Once again, I seem to be hardwired to make babies. And as a feminist, I'm like, “ugh.” But it's true, so it's fine. It's a long-evolved thing. But the more interesting thing in that story for me was that most cis men start losing the upper range of their hearing starting at age 25. Now it's a gradual slope. Guys in their thirties don't need a hearing aid necessarily if they're normally hearing people, right? But you do have this slope of decline that's just, it's like a band filter. It's just cutting off the top end of your range, every year a little bit more, down, down, until you arrive in your fifties. And the thing is, female voices, female typical cis women's voices are a little bit higher pitched and our overtones on our voices, the full timbre of our voice, it really extends up to the top end of human hearing. So what happens is quite literally starting age 25, cis men aren't hearing women's voices very well and the older they get, the worse it gets, until finally in their fifties or so, quite without realizing it, a lot of men, a lot of cis men, our voices, our female voices sound thin, a little bit tinny, harder to pick out, and may well be boosted by a hearing aid. Right? So that totally changes some of how I understand the dynamic of a boardroom. Now, it doesn't explain why a sexist man cares about what a woman says less. It doesn't say that. That's just sexism. BLAIR HODGES: Right. CAT BOHANNON: But it does say that literally he might be having trouble hearing you without realizing he is. BLAIR HODGES: And again, as you discuss, all of these interesting things throughout the chapter of perception—and I don't remember if we mentioned Purgi is the name of this Eve, 60-some-odd-million years ago. CAT BOHANNON: Purgatorius, yes! BLAIR HODGES: Yes, ancestor of the primates. So if people want to learn even more about these kind of things about our nose, our eyes, our ears—Purgi's chapter is the place to go. We're talking with Cat Bohannon about her book Eve: How the Female Body Drove 200 Million Years of Human Evolution. You can also check out some of Cat's essays and poems. They've appeared in Scientific American, Mind Science Magazine, The Best American Non-required Reading, and other places. She lives with her family in Seattle but is currently touring to talk about this new book called Eve. ARDI AND THE LEGS (40:21) Let's talk about the legs. So we talked a little bit about being up in the trees already. But at some point, we came down, this is about four and a half-ish million years ago, we decided to stand upright. And that had some big implications for differently sexed bodies. Let's talk about some of those. CAT BOHANNON: Yeah, absolutely. Well, I don't know that we decided to do much of anything, at least in the sense of conscious choice— BLAIR HODGES: [laughs] Maybe had to. CAT BOHANNON: We didn't choose, I mean, to modify our pelvic arrangement. Although some individual choices happen along the way. So yeah, one of the big things in a shift for the human evolution pattern is that we mistakenly believed for a while that our ancestors were knuckle walkers, like chimps or gorillas, and then we stood upright. You remember that old diorama, that old, you know, you got the knuckle walking— BLAIR HODGES: Yeah, it's classic. CAT BOHANNON: —and then you eventually stand up and then there's jokes about it, eventually you're like sitting typing on the computer at the far right. You know? BLAIR HODGES: Yeah, all hunched over, yeah. CAT BOHANNON: Yeah. And so that kind of meme kind of has been around, but actually we were never knuckle walkers, none of our ancestors were, none of our Eves certainly. We were just hanging out in trees and then on the ground a bit more and eventually walking. The thing about walking is that what you really need to be able to do besides just having a spine absorb more pressure than it would otherwise—that's why we have an S-shaped lower back to help distribute that force over our bodies without crippling us. But also, what we needed to be able to do was endure. In other words, the story of walking and bipedalism is an endurance story. A primatologist once told me that there is no safe place to be in a room with a chimpanzee. There's no possibility that you are in a safe space because they are incredibly fast, incredibly strong, and can be incredibly violent. They will rip off your face—sometimes, literally, hopefully not, and they'll do it really, really fast. So the idea that we got faster when we became upright is actually wrong. What did happen, however, is that if a chimp does attack you, not long after all of that incredible violence and speed and running away more than likely, because that's mostly going to happen if the chimp's scared, you know, they're going to want to go eat a mango under a tree somewhere. They're not keeping it up for a long period of time. BLAIR HODGES: Hmm. CAT BOHANNON: What we can do is we can walk all freakin' day. Very few animals have the kind of metabolic capability of doing such a thing. Because it's not simply what your muscles can do. It's how your muscles are utilizing what's called the substrate. Utilizing local energy resources, and when those run out, tapping into other resources—usually in our case from fat. So that's why we're able to walk from point A to B for hours and hours, whereas a chimpanzee can't do that sh*t, right? So the interesting thing about sex differences here is that, we know that female bodies in human bodies are slightly better at endurance by many different measures. So untrained bodies—bodies that haven't been trying to do this, in other words, haven't been working out in the gym—your classic female body does have slightly less muscle mass, but that isn't the big story. The bigger story is that when you do a deep tissue biopsy, female typical skeletal muscles have a little bit more of what's called slow twitch muscle. You might have heard, that's an endurance muscle. That's a type of tissue that's better at doing things for a long period of time, as opposed to fast twitches, which is what lets you be a sprinter, which is what lets you really have explosive strength. There does seem to be that sex difference, I mean, between male bodies—typical, average, I mean—and female bodies, just in terms of what those muscles seem to be geared for, right? And it's tricky, right? Most of us aren't ultra marathoners, for many reasons, most of them psychological! Uh, some of them financial actually, right? But most of us aren't going to do those extreme tests of endurance. But once you get up to those extreme lengths, actually, female runners, tend to not only match or beat male runners in those races, but actually tend to outpace them over time. Which is to say there may be something about the female body that, in long feats of endurance, is slightly better at this. Very slightly better at tapping into a second wind. And so if that's the case, then it's curious that usually how we tell the story about becoming upright is all about some sh*t that we assume guys were doing. Usually it's around hunting. The idea that we were running down big game, you've probably read some popular science books about that, that we evolved to run, right? BLAIR HODGES: Right. CAT BOHANNON: And sort of. Maybe. But it's a little bit weird, one, to assume that the males were the ones doing that. Two: We were upright way before we were hunting big game. Like Ardipithecus is the Eve I use in the legs chapter— BLAIR HODGES: Yes, Ardi! CAT BOHANNON: And you know, this is a very, very—Ardi, she's wonderful, recently discovered, wonderful, wonderful fossil. She was upright well before big game was a big part of our food strategies. So like we were actually doing stuff on two legs way before it was a matter of running anything down. CRAFTING SCIENTIFIC NARRATIVES (45:23) BLAIR HODGES: And this is where it seems tricky for researchers to pin down is, we're dealing with these huge lengths of time, and we're dealing with a pretty limited record. CAT BOHANNON: Mmhmm. Yeah. BLAIR HODGES: And we see you piecing the story together in ways that challenge the conventional narrative. And you've got the evidence there—just as much evidence and sometimes more than what the typical narrative tells us, which is, like you said, we started walking upright because males were hunting and running after game or whatever. And you're like, “Well, actually, there's all this other evidence that shows there's probably other stuff going on.” And looking at today's bodies gives us some ideas about the bodies of the past as well. So you mentioned the different sort of muscle things that female bodies tend to have. Now would that definitely be something that developed through evolution rather than through, like, boys getting played with more or something in their youth than girls do, or roughhousing with boys versus girls, or something like that? CAT BOHANNON: You know, it's hard to say. I think that's a smart question. I think of the studies that I was using, that I was wielding—juggling even, in the legs chapter—those were all done on adult bodies, in part because there are ethics around doing a deep tissue biopsy in an infant. You know, like what is consent there? Why would a—you know, and also the occasion; why it might happen and what's the clinical setting. Like there are many ways into a scientific study, but adult consent and informed consent's a big one, right? BLAIR HODGES: Mm-hmm. CAT BOHANNON: So yeah, I don't think those were pediatric studies, and I think it's smart. I think it's smart to say that when we do studies on adult bodies, there have been whole lived lives and whole lived childhoods up to that point. That's absolutely true, and that plays into some of the issues we talk about later in the book too. So I don't know, I don't know. I do know that at least when there have been cellular studies of metabolism in human muscle cells, XX cells seem to be slightly better at utilizing multiple substrates, which is to say multiple energy sources—tapping into that second wind when the local sugar runs out is usually how we tell that story, yeah?—than XY cells, right? So it does seem to be true at the cellular level and not just types of tissue. But you're absolutely right that I don't know how much childhood is gonna play into that adult musculoskeletal system, at least not from the research I've seen. BLAIR HODGES: And you also say that going upright was harder on female bodies. Can you give me an example of why that would be? CAT BOHANNON: Yes. So, for one thing, relaxin. Relaxin is this thing that is floating around in the bloodstream of both male and female bodies, but it is slightly more dominant in female typical bodies. Again, I'm always here talking about “biological females,” usually pre-menopause here, okay? Just to put a pin in that so we know what we're talking about. BLAIR HODGES: Yeah, okay. CAT BOHANNON: Relaxin is a thing that during pregnancy loosens the ligaments and the support structures around, not only the hip bones and the pelvic structure to help it widen and carry that additional load, but of course also to widen our very narrow birth canal, which is a problem! BLAIR HODGES: Yeah. CAT BOHANNON: But it's also, even when we're not pregnant, it tends to make the fixtures of the joints a little looser. It actually has to do with a vascular response around the joints, so I won't get too technical with you. But basically what it does is it makes a typical female body a bit more flexible, you know. Now this is part of why our feet expand when we are pregnant. It's not simply fluid retention, but for female bodies that become pregnant, it's also that these higher doses of relaxin are loosening the ligaments that are binding all of those foot bones together. So they literally get wider, and sometimes a little bit longer, which is very freaky when you think about it. And, uh, it doesn't always quite go back—I can tell you—afterwards, many women gain as much as a whole shoe size during pregnancy— BLAIR HODGES: Wow. CAT BOHANNON: —and then just retain that, which sucks for buying new shoes, but there you go. You have greater concerns when you're in your postpartum period, I could say, um, yeah. But it also means that we're especially prone to lower back pain, possibly because of some instability there in the lower back. Especially going through pregnancy and back again, that can make you more vulnerable too, because it does a lot to the curvature of the spine. Right? So in other words, being upright with this extra relaxin in your bloodstream can make you a little more vulnerable to certain kinds of bone and muscle related pains than it would be if you were a totally sensible four-legged creature who isn't doing this crazy thing, because basically we used to be like tables with four legs and now we're standing on two of the legs of the table and our body is still kind of catching up. BLAIR HODGES: [laughs] Right. Yeah, and you're bearing that extra weight of a pregnancy, too, on that back. And so the common lower back pain is a remnant of this decision—or not “decision” as you pointed out, but this evolutionary move of going upright, exactly, right. CAT BOHANNON: Accident. Yeah. PREGNANCY AND THE BRAIN (50:06) BLAIR HODGES: That's not the only change that women undergo during pregnancy, these physical changes you talked about—the joints, the feet. But also the brain undergoes changes similar to what happens to the brain during puberty. You describe it almost like a second sort of puberty. There's so much development and change happening in the actual brain that it's like a second puberty for women who become pregnant? CAT BOHANNON: It's like an extra transition in a life cycle. Yeah. BLAIR HODGES: Okay, right. CAT BOHANNON: So in biology, you have these classic, maybe you've seen, developmental trajectories in the life cycle. It usually looks like a circle with arrows around it. You see like an egg and then a juvenile—like in insects, you'll have like a larva and then you have a chrysalis and then you have a butterfly. For mammals, we do this too. And we say, what are the developmental phases? What are the phases of this life cycle? And one of the interesting things, at least when it comes to how the human brain seems to go through this life cycle—because there are changes in our incredibly plastic, very malleable human brain that shift and actually have very notable physiological changes at each of these major transitions. So in puberty, there's actually an incredible rewiring and developmental thing that happens all throughout the teens. Can be very challenging, can make you more vulnerable to certain kinds of mental illness, actually, and then not suffer as much when you come into your twenties. There are outcomes, in other words, from what's going down in there. BLAIR HODGES: Yeah. Schizophrenia will often emerge around that time, for example, and a little bit later for women than men, right? CAT BOHANNON: Yeah, yeah, yes, absolutely so. And one of the cutting-edge things in research there is whether or not the brain development during puberty is in any way affecting that trajectory. Both men and women—and by this I mean males and females—are prone to schizophrenia, right? Schizophrenia, it's a strongly genetically related thing, but we're not entirely sure what all the triggers are. What we do know is that males and females both get it. But what happens is that males are diagnosed sooner. And very obviously so, they move into psychosis. Whereas females have a slightly different symptomology, slightly different path towards diagnosis. And then they have, and are diagnosed later in their twenties. Now some of that's a diagnosis bias in that— BLAIR HODGES: Sure. How signs are read by society or whatever. Yeah. CAT BOHANNON: Exactly, which is a cultural thing and sometimes a sexist thing. There are just, there are complications there. There are confounds. However, it may also be the case, that because the pubertal shift is sort of long and slow in humans, we actually start many of the features of our puberty sooner and then take longer to complete them in female bodies. Whereas for males, it hits you later and it hits you like a truck. It just hits you like a ton of bricks. It's just, um, it, that's just, it's just faster and a bit harder, if you will, because you're condensing that into a later point. And interestingly, even in rodents actually—though what you might call a puberty isn't exactly the same as what we do—they likewise in the female have a sort of longer period of going through it than the male. So it might just be a basic mammalian thing. But the effect in the human brain is that you have this longer and slightly…Subtle isn't the right word but you have this longer period of brain development that's dealing with the hormones of puberty, that has a slightly different slope while that brain's developing, whereas in the male brain, it's shorter, it's more impacted, it might be a bit rougher, you know. So in a brain that's already prone to psychosis—this is where the research, some branches of research are going, you know—is that a factor? Are there physiological shifts in sex differences in puberty that make those brains differently vulnerable to different kinds of mental illness? BLAIR HODGES: And so female brains are undergoing these changes during puberty. But then later during pregnancy, as we were talking about, there's also more shifts. And this is literally like stuff sort of moving around. Is this like neurons kind of remapping and different things? Like what's actually happening up there? CAT BOHANNON: Yeah, yeah, yeah. What the hell is this wet lump of tissue in our heads that we center the self in? Good question, good question! Neuroscience would like to know. BLAIR HODGES: [laughs] Yeah. CAT BOHANNON: No, it's true. Well, a pregnant female's brain—and by this I mean human now, actually shrinks in the third trimester, like significantly so, which is alarming. Like is the baby actually eating my brain? Good question! No one's really sure quite why this is happening. BLAIR HODGES: Mom brain! CAT BOHANNON: I know, actual mom brain, it turns out, is hella real. Yeah, in the stereotypical sense. So yeah, some of it actually, interestingly, doesn't seem to be a loss of neurons. It's not a loss of cells necessarily from what little they've been able to see in various studies. It seems to be more a loss of—There is a rewiring. There is a kind of clear, you know, snipping out a bunch of connections in your existing neural network, which in some ways may make room for new pathways. So one of the big arguments for why our brains develop so long during that pubertal period—which is very unlike other primates, right? We really have this huge period of social learning in our childhoods and then our adolescence—is that we have deep social learning to do. We have really complex social societies, and we're constantly having to map them and learn not just new things to do with ourselves, but new ways to be in different social environments, especially as we shift around through different social environments. So in that case, when you think about what's happening in the last trimester of pregnancy, and then in the postpartum recovery period, this is someone who is having major social shift. Now the story in the sciences is usually told that, oh, this is helping her better bond with her baby, her really, really vulnerable baby, who's so very useless, can't even hold up its head. You know, so like, wow, so this is all about that bonding. And it's true that some of the regions that show some of that shrinkage, if you will—which sounds like a bad thing, but is actually allowing for more pathways to form. That's the argument that's usually made about it— BLAIR HODGES: Okay. CAT BOHANNON: —have to do with social bonding and reading social cues, and so it's a sociality story. One of the things that I say in the book is that, must we again render the mother invisible? Maybe it's not all about the baby. Maybe she matters too. Because actually one of the big things that happens in a social species like ours when we give birth and come into motherhood, especially for the first time, is that we are learning new ways to be. We're learning how to differently map our social environment and new relationships with different sorts of people, and who's going to be most helpful in this new feature in my life. And who of my old friends are like, maybe not gonna help out with the kids so much. Just, you know, we love them, but that's not their strength. You know, in other words, and how to ask for things that you need, and when to learn new social rules. Which is to say, I suspect some of the brain changes that are happening there are not simply about bonding with the baby, but are about being able to read the room once you have one. Which I assume is a long-evolved trait that is just repurposed in the human. This is probably happening in chimps to a degree. It's more like, “Okay now that you're human, let's repurpose this trait in your hyper social environment.” Does that make sense? BLAIR HODGES: Yeah, it does. CAT BOHANNON: Okay. WHAT MAKES A WOMAN (57:16) BLAIR HODGES: And time and time again, we see this in your book where you'll take the mainstream story about why a particular biological thing is happening—so mom brain, for example, which is that maybe people might encounter forgetfulness or feeling scattered or like ADHD type symptoms or whatever—and saying, “Oh, this is happening because they're doing this for baby.” And you're saying, “Okay, like, sure. But also, what if it's also this?” CAT BOHANNON: Yep. BLAIR HODGES: Because those type of questions are what are driving scientific outcomes and the theories that we have about it. So your book, again and again, is saying, well, what about this as well? Or what about this instead? So we're just sort of getting a different point of view. CAT BOHANNON: Mm-hmm. BLAIR HODGES: And I think with a lot of these questions, it's hard to just say, this is the definitive answer. And you do write with a level of humility there. But you're really opening up possibilities that can change the way we the way we interact with people who aren't parents, or people who are. Because you're also not saying, “Look, in order to be a perfect woman, you need to go through this change in your brain or else you're an unfulfilled woman!” CAT BOHANNON: Oh, god no. No no no no no. BLAIR HODGES: Right. So you're speaking to a lot of different experiences. CAT BOHANNON: You know, I think this is true for all women. We people who have uteri are not merely vessels for babies. Even in an evolutionary sense, because we are a hyper-social species in interdependent complex social environments and cultures. Which is to say, it is not a woman's destiny to freaking give birth. It is a woman's destiny to survive as best as she can, just like any other organism. You know what I mean? And it's also true that there are many, many ways to contribute to the wellbeing of a group, even in a biological sense, even in an ancient ancestral sense, besides simply producing more babies. And that's sometimes the confusion when we talk about the book. Some people have been confused thinking, “Are you saying that women are the way they are—you know, cis women—because it's our destiny to have babies?” And I'm like, “No!” It's more that the way we have babies is really crap, and many, many features in our bodies have evolved to withstand it. If this is a thing that hopefully you choose to do and isn't forced upon you, hopefully you have some long-evolved traits to make it suck less. It's more like that, more like that. BLAIR HODGES: And so, women who don't undergo that or have the same kind of like brain changes, it doesn't mean that their brains are somehow lesser than or whatever, they're just suited for different things. CAT BOHANNON: Exactly. BLAIR HODGES: And this is also where trans identities come into play as well. You don't have to be this “biologically sexed”—let alone intersex folks as well, where there's not this sort of binary that exists there—but that trans women can experience the world as women, as trans women especially, even though they may not be able to physically carry a pregnancy. Because I think one of the reasons people who are sort of anti-t

#77 - Exercise and pregnancy with Professor Margie Davenport

Inside Exercise

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 18, 2023 105:57

Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Margie Davenport from the University of Alberta, Canada. She is an expert on exercise and pregnancy. We discussed the effect of pregnancy on the health (including pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes) and exercise performance of the mother and on the health of the fetus during pregnancy and the offspring after pregnancy. It became very clear that there needs to be more focus on the beneficial effects of exercise before and during pregnancy on both the mother and the fetus/offspring. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @ExercisePreg0:00. Introduction2:09. How Margie went from top athlete to exercise researcher6:15. History of thinking on exercise and pregnancy8:49. What intensity of exercise should do during pregnancy?12:28. Fetal heart rate during mothers exercise14:10. HIIT exercise during pregnancy15:55. Monitoring the baby during exercise research19:50. Contraindications for exercise during pregnancy20:38. Different types of exercise21:49. Effect of the initial fitness of the mother24:15. Heavy lifting during pregnancy29:00. Effect of exercise on placenta blood flow30:03. Animal studies: effect of exercise on the fetus33:25. Health outcomes better when exercise during pregnancy35:45. Reduced pre-eclampsia when exercise during pregnancy44:25. Effect of exercise during pregnancy in elite athletes45:40. Exercise during pregnancy and offspring health49:07. Effect of pregnancy trimester/stage on exercise52:40. Contraindications for exercise during pregnancy55:05. Speaking with health care provider57:13. Miscarriage levels during the first trimester and exercise1:01:26. Individualized approach to exercise during pregnancy1:03:15. Relaxin and pregnancy1:04:20. Exercise during pregnancy and birth weight1:06:15. Gestational diabetes and exercise1:10:05. Exercise reduces gestational diabetes1:11:55. Exercise before pregnancy vs during vs both1:15:10. Exercise during pregnancy and mental health1:19:05. Athletes and returning to sport after pregnancy1:25:35. “Pregnancy advantage” from childbirth?1:29:05. Diet during pregnancy and sport1:32:09. Effect of the age of the mother1:34:30. Research controversies in the field1:36:50. Insufficient research in women/pregnancy1:38:39. Misinformation in the area on social media etc1:41:50. Takeaway messages etc1:45:48. OutroInside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise's effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: glenn.mcconell@gmail.comSubscribe to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice

Relaxing Music 1 HOUR

Relax Music BGM Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 21, 2023 63:22

Relaxing music is a genre or category of music specifically created to induce a sense of calmness, tranquility, and relaxation. The characteristics of relaxing music often include slow tempos, gentle melodies, and soothing instrumental arrangements. This genre aims to promote a peaceful atmosphere, making it suitable for various activities such as meditation, yoga, relaxation, and stress relief.

Placenta Encapsulation: The Evidence on the Risks and Benefits

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Play Episode Listen Later Nov 19, 2023 34:04

The thought of eating your placenta might gross you out at first, but once you hear about some of the fantastic benefits women claim it has, you might be willing to consider it. This is not another podcast solely focused on all the wonderful things placenta encapsulation does. This episode dives into this practice's possible benefits, examines the scientific evidence to support the claims, and explores the risks. After listening to this episode, you will understand placenta encapsulation and all the pros, cons, evidence, and options to decide whether you want to encapsulate your placenta. Thank you to our sponsors VTech is North America's leading #1 baby monitor brand and the most trusted choice for baby monitors. The Vtech V-Care Over the Crib Smart Nursery Baby Monitor is everything you could want in a monitor to keep an eye on your baby and ensure they are safely sleeping. The V-Care has built-in intelligence to alert you if your baby's face is covered or has rolled over on their stomach, full high-definition video, infrared night vision technology, and even analysis of sleep patterns and quality. The V-Care Over the Crib Smart Nursery Baby Monitor is exclusively available on Amazon. 20% off Mommy Steps or Form insoles with the promo code FEET. Mommy Steps insoles combine optimal arch support with a comfortable cradle for your foot. Changes during pregnancy like rapid weight gain and increased levels of Relaxin can create lifelong changes to the structure of your feet. Keeping your feet properly supported during pregnancy can help alleviate common pregnancy-related foot problems. Dreamland Baby makes the most amazing weighted sleep sacks and swaddles to help your baby sleep better. Dreamland Baby's gently weighted sleep products give babies the sensation of being hugged. When your baby wears the sleep sack, they can calm down, fall asleep faster, and stay asleep longer. Dreamland is having its biggest sale of the year. Go to DreamlandBabyCo.com and enter code PREGNANCYBOGO23 at checkout to BUY ONE and GET ONE FREE on all the weighted products through 11/19/23. If you hear this episode after that go to dreamlandbabyco.com and enter my code PREGNANCYPODCAST at checkout to receive 20% off sitewide + free shipping. This offer is for new and existing customers! Read the full article and resources that accompany this episode. Join Pregnancy Podcast Premium to access the entire back catalog, listen to all episodes ad-free, get a copy of the Your Birth Plan Book, and more. Check out the 40 Weeks podcast to learn how your baby grows each week and what is happening in your body. Plus, get a heads up on what to expect at your prenatal appointments and a tip for dads and partners. For more evidence-based information, visit the Pregnancy Podcast website.

Chapter 20 - Relaxin to the maxin - Intrathecal baclofen pumps in the ED

Always On EM - Mayo Clinic Emergency Medicine

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 1, 2023 67:32

Ms Lisa Beck, assistant professor of nursing and a clinical nurse specialist in the department of physical medicine and rehabilitation, shares her experiences over a career in caring for persons with intrathecal baclofen pumps for managing spinal cord injury related spasticity. Baclofen related complications such as withdrawal and overdose can both be fatal and pump specific complications as well require timely expertise from the emergency care team – but not often discussed in emergency medicine. Check out the episode to learn more! CONTACTS Twitter - @AlwaysOnEM; @VenkBellamkonda Instagram – @AlwaysOnEM; @Venk_like_vancomycin; @ASFinch Email - AlwaysOnEM@gmail.com REFERENCES & LINKS Singh NK, Agarwal A, Salazar L, Henkle JQ. Osborn waves in hypothermia induced by baclofen overdose. BMJ Case Rep 2009; 2009. Sullivan R, Hodgman MJ, Kao L, Tormoehlen LM. Baclofen overdose mimicking brain death. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2012;50:141 Alden TD, Lytle RA, Park TS, et al. Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal: a case report and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst 2002;18:522

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#3968 Taxin' and Relaxin'

TBTL: Too Beautiful To Live

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 16, 2023 87:56

Luke finally watched My Dinner with Andre last night and offers his long-overdue film review. He also recaps the horrible feeling of almost losing his cat, Bubbles, the other day.

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Episode 75 Matt Yarborough

The Custom Scene The Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 23, 2023 80:31

Episode 75 drops tonight!! So this episode is a short but sweet one!! We did a lot of traveling this past weekend!! I was going to Kansas and then Festus is the Bestus Missouri!! For our favorite Dj and his killer show Relaxin in the Park 2023 so we have just a snippet of the pr-party shenanigans!! But the main feature is our man Matt Yarborough as he tells us his plans for going to a great show Rollin in the Red Rocks. So prepare for a simple show. Plus check out Jesse Kidd with Layd out clothing and their new sexy looking trailer!! We want to thank everyone for listening and thank our top show sponsors Asphalt Army Atlantic City Truck Meet Dizzy Designs Showdown In The Valley And our weekly supporting sponsors Layd out clothing Layn frame kandle Local Ridez Magazine Southern Tradition

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Pelvic floor myth busting with physiotherapist Taryn Hallam

The Pelvic Health Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 24, 2023 58:07

THE Taryn Hallam (physiotherapist, educator and WHTA founder) joins the podcast in this episode to bust some big myths about pelvic floor dysfunction. Myths she addresses include: The Oxford scale as a measure of PFM strength Levator ani muscle function as a major factor in stress urinary incontinence Detrusor overactivity and overactive bladder as the same thing Caffeine as a major bladder irritant Relaxin as the cause of ligament laxity in pregnancy Are crunches bad for the pelvic floor? And more! For those of you who don't know Taryn Hallam, she is one of the most brilliant women we know. Not only does she run the most comprehensive education on the pelvic floor in Australia through WHTA, she now travels world-wide and online to share this. The annual research updates are insanely popular and not to be missed. (No, this is not an ad or paid). Hope you enjoy this episode as much as we did.

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ep. 37 - Stand and Deliver Birthing with Ease & Pleasure

Orgasmic Birth

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 11, 2023 40:39

When you envision giving birth, what position do you imagine you will be in? Many of the images and media we see is of someone on their backs in a bed. But is this really the safest and sexiest way? In this episode, Debra Pascali discusses the history of birth positions prior to the medicalization of birth, providing tips and tools to help parents prepare for birth with knowledge, power, and choices. She delves into the physiology of birth and how you can find comfort and pleasure in easing a baby into the world. Join us for this essential exploration into creating an informed birth experience full of pleasure! In this episode: Check out this website https://www.orgasmicbirth.com/the-big-o/ for a free guide on how to get your “Big O Birth” and a 40% discount on the documentary Orgasmic Birth: The Best-Kept Secret! Why birth position matters and makes a huge difference What causes birth trauma and how we can begin to prevent and heal How traditional birth positions and techniques can help create a more comfortable and pleasurable birth experience Key Takeaways: Your body is designed to open and stretch and let your baby out That holding your breath in birth (especially for long periods) is not beneficial That respect of a birthing person's preference for second stage position is something to be honored Kneeling, squatting, and leaning forward are great birth positions The Relaxin hormone that is released at end of pregnancy helps ligaments to open and stretch. Tools such as ropes, slings, and birth stools can help facilitate upright birthing Episiotomies should only be used in an emergency Resources Mentioned: Pleasurable Birth Essentials Tweetable Quotes: “Knowing your options and being respected to use them makes an incredible difference to birth” - Debra Pascali-Bonaro “Find your own position for birth. Listen to your body and your rhythm and breathe your baby into the world.” - Debra Pascali-Bonaro Connect with Debra! Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/debra.pascalibonaro Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/orgasmicbirth/ Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/debra-pascali-bonaro-1093471/ Visit https://www.orgasmicbirth.com/ for more information on how to have fulfilling and enjoyable births. Check out Orgasmic Birth: The Best-Kept Secret, the film creating buzz around the world!

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Mini Truckin' with Charles Wickman

Our Lifestyle Podcast (OLP)

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 9, 2022 132:25

Sponsors: Orange Beach Invasion, Scrapin the Coast, & Bayou Showdown ODB intros the episode covering Scene Updates Brooke Hoover joins the show to talk Relaxin' On The Ranch and more ODB interviews Charles Wickman discussing Growing up in Texas & being stationed in Cali Hanging with Brian Jendro at The Chop Shop Epic mini truck times including Spring Splash 1994 photo shoot + so much more!!! RIP Mark “Papa Smurf” Ballard! We miss you Dad. Stay On Da Rise!

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Birth Tools and Techniques

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 27, 2022 36:29

A lot of things need to come together for you to have the birth experience you want. Your birth room environment should feel safe and calm. You need methods to keep you focused and relaxed, so you are not mentally depleted. You also need techniques to relieve physical symptoms during labor, like nausea, exhaustion, and pain. Labor is an intense experience, and it is a marathon. There is not one universal tool that magically works for every mother in labor. Having lots of tools in your toolbox is essential. This article overviews tools ranging from inexpensive gadgets you can buy on Amazon to evidence-based techniques for an easier labor and birth. Thank you to our sponsors 15% off Boppy.com with the promo code PREGPOD15. Boppy hybrid baby carriers combine the ease and security of a structured carrier with the comfort and connection of a baby wrap. The ComfyFit Adjust Hybrid Baby Carrier has adjustable arm straps, wraps, and belt to make it easy to share among caregivers and adjust with your postpartum body. 20% off Mommy Steps or Form insoles with the promo code FEET. Mommy Steps insoles combine optimal arch support with a comfortable cradle for your foot. Changes during pregnancy like rapid weight gain and increased levels of Relaxin can create lifelong changes to the structure of your feet. Keeping your feet properly supported during pregnancy can help alleviate common pregnancy-related foot problems. Save 20% off the Zahler Prenatal +DHA on Amazon and get a free silicone baby bib. You can always see the current promo code for the Zahler prenatal vitamin by clicking here. Taking a high-quality prenatal vitamin is one of the easiest things to ensure you have all the vitamins and nutrients you and your baby need. Zahler goes above and beyond to use high-quality bioavailable ingredients like the active form of folate, bioavailable iron, and omega 3s. Read the full article and resources that accompany this episode. Join Pregnancy Podcast Premium to access the entire back catalog, listen to all episodes ad-free, get a copy of the Your Birth Plan Book, and more. Check out the 40 Weeks podcast to find out how your baby is growing each week and learn what is happening in your body. Plus, get a heads up on what to expect at your prenatal appointments and a tip for dads and partners. For more evidence-based information, visit the Pregnancy Podcast website.

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What to Pack in Your Birth Bag

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 20, 2022 33:03

If you went into labor and showed up at the birth center or a hospital with nothing, it would not be the end of the world. You would probably have to send your partner out to buy a car seat so you could take your baby home, but otherwise, you would indeed survive. You can pack some things in a bag that will make your labor, birth, and postpartum experience much more comfortable. This episode breaks down what you should pack in your hospital or birth center bag for you, your baby, and your partner. Don't worry about taking notes. You can download a free checklist. Thank you to our sponsors 15% off Boppy.com with the promo code PREGPOD15. Boppy hybrid baby carriers combine the ease and security of a structured carrier with the comfort and connection of a baby wrap. The ComfyFit Adjust Hybrid Baby Carrier has adjustable arm straps, wraps, and belt to make it easy to share among caregivers and adjust with your postpartum body. Save 20% off the Zahler Prenatal +DHA on Amazon and get a free silicone baby bib. You can always see the current promo code for the Zahler prenatal vitamin by clicking here. Taking a high-quality prenatal vitamin is one of the easiest things to ensure you have all the vitamins and nutrients you and your baby need. Zahler goes above and beyond to use high-quality bioavailable ingredients like the active form of folate, bioavailable iron, and omega 3s. 20% off Mommy Steps or Form insoles with the promo code FEET. Mommy Steps insoles combine optimal arch support with a comfortable cradle for your foot. Changes during pregnancy like rapid weight gain and increased levels of Relaxin can create lifelong changes to the structure of your feet. Keeping your feet properly supported during pregnancy can help alleviate common pregnancy-related foot problems. FREE 1 year supply of immune-supporting Vitamin D AND 5 FREE travel packs with your first purchase of AG1. With one delicious scoop of AG1, you're absorbing 75 high-quality vitamins, minerals, whole-food sourced superfoods, probiotics, and adaptogens to help you start your day right. This special blend of ingredients supports your gut health, nervous system, immune system, energy, recovery, focus, and aging. As a friendly reminder, pregnant or nursing women should seek professional medical advice before taking this or any other dietary supplement. Download the free checklist and read the full article and resources that accompany this episode. Join Pregnancy Podcast Premium to access the entire back catalog, listen to all episodes ad-free, get a copy of the Your Birth Plan Book, and more. Check out the 40 Weeks podcast to find out how your baby is growing each week and learn what is happening in your body. Plus, get a heads up on what to expect at your prenatal appointments and a tip for dads and partners. For more evidence-based information, visit the Pregnancy Podcast website.

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Your Pregnancy Timeline

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 13, 2022 46:17

Review your pregnancy timeline from conception until your baby is born. This episode overviews how your baby develops, what changes your body goes through, and what you should do each month of your pregnancy. Learn when to expect significant milestones like feeling your baby move and critical points to know about in your prenatal care. Thank you to our sponsors 20% off Mommy Steps or Form insoles with the promo code FEET. Mommy Steps insoles combine optimal arch support with a comfortable cradle for your foot. Changes during pregnancy like rapid weight gain and increased levels of Relaxin can create lifelong changes to the structure of your feet. Keeping your feet properly supported during pregnancy can help alleviate common pregnancy-related foot problems. Save 20% off the Zahler Prenatal +DHA and get a free silicone baby bib. You can always see the current promo code for the Zahler prenatal vitamin by clicking here. https://pregnancypodcast.com/vitamin/ Taking a high-quality prenatal vitamin is one of the easiest things to ensure you have all the vitamins and nutrients you and your baby need. Zahler goes above and beyond to use high-quality bioavailable ingredients like the active form of folate, bioavailable iron, and omega 3s. 15% off Boppy.com with the promo code PREGPOD15. Boppy hybrid baby carriers combine the ease and security of a structured carrier with the comfort and connection of a baby wrap. The Boppy ComfyHug Hybrid Newborn Baby Carrier was created with NICU experts and parents of preemie babies to ensure a great fit for your newborn. As a reminder, Boppy products are for your baby's supervised awake time. These products are not for sleep. FREE 1 year supply of immune-supporting Vitamin D AND 5 FREE travel packs with your first purchase of AG1. With one delicious scoop of AG1, you're absorbing 75 high-quality vitamins, minerals, whole-food sourced superfoods, probiotics, and adaptogens to help you start your day right. This special blend of ingredients supports your gut health, nervous system, immune system, energy, recovery, focus, and aging. As a friendly reminder, pregnant or nursing women should seek professional medical advice before taking this or any other dietary supplement. Read the full article and resources that accompany this episode. Join Pregnancy Podcast Premium to access the entire back catalog, listen to all episodes ad-free, get a copy of the Your Birth Plan Book, and more. Check out the 40 Weeks podcast to learn how your baby grows each week and learn what is happening in your body. Plus, get a heads up on what to expect at your prenatal appointments and a tip for dads and partners. For more evidence-based information, visit the Pregnancy Podcast website.

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Navigating Each Stage of Labor and Birth

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 6, 2022 35:52

How you experience labor and birth will be unique for you. While each labor is different, there is a typical path that all labor follows. This article overviews labor and birth and will walk you through the start of labor until you are on your own at home with your newborn. Plus, tips for what you should do to navigate each stage of the labor process best. Thank you to our sponsors 15% off Boppy.com with the promo code PREGPOD15. Boppy hybrid baby carriers combine the ease and security of a structured carrier with the comfort and connection of a baby wrap. The Boppy ComfyHug Hybrid Newborn Baby Carrier was created with NICU experts and parents of preemie babies to ensure a great fit for your newborn. As a reminder, Boppy products are for your baby's supervised awake time. These products are not for sleep. 20% off Mommy Steps or Form insoles with the promo code FEET. Mommy Steps insoles combine optimal arch support with a comfortable cradle for your foot. Changes during pregnancy like rapid weight gain and increased levels of Relaxin can create lifelong changes to the structure of your feet. Keeping your feet properly supported during pregnancy can help alleviate common pregnancy-related foot problems. Save 20% off the Zahler Prenatal +DHA on Amazon and get a free silicone baby bib. You can always see the current promo code for the Zahler prenatal vitamin by clicking here. Taking a high-quality prenatal vitamin is one of the easiest things to ensure you have all the vitamins and nutrients you and your baby need. Zahler goes above and beyond to use high-quality bioavailable ingredients like the active form of folate, bioavailable iron, and omega 3s. Read the full article and resources that accompany this episode. Join Pregnancy Podcast Premium to access the entire back catalog, listen to all episodes ad-free, get a copy of the Your Birth Plan Book, and more. For more evidence-based information, visit the Pregnancy Podcast website.

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The Evidence on Essential Oils During Pregnancy, Birth, and Postpartum

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 23, 2022 46:40

Essential oils are naturally occurring oils made by steam distillation or cold pressing the flowers, roots, seeds, fruit, or bark of plants. These concentrated extracts retain the essence of the plant's fragrance. Essential oils have long been a part of complementary and alternative medicine in aromatherapy, topical application, or ingestion. Natural remedies, like essential oils, are an attractive alternative for expecting mothers who wish to avoid chemicals or pharmaceuticals and utilize more natural remedies. Most information on essential oils comes from the marketing of the companies that manufacture them or their representatives. There are a lot of claims that essential oils can treat everything from common discomforts to severe illnesses. It can be challenging to determine which claims are valid and which may be exaggerated. This episode examines the safety of essential oils during pregnancy and the evidence of their effectiveness in treating pregnancy symptoms and improving your birth experience. Plus, tips for buying essential oils. Thank you to our sponsors 15% off Boppy.com with the promo code PREGPOD15. Boppy nursing pillows make breastfeeding or bottle feeding your baby so much easier. Designed with experts like lactation consultants to provide ergonomic support for you and your baby, Boppy nursing pillows are a lifesaver for new parents. As a reminder, Boppy products are for your baby's supervised, awake time. These products are not for sleep. Save 20% off your Simply Magnetic Me order with the code PREGNANCY. Simply Magnetic Me clothing is crafted with 100% organic cotton and sew-safe magnetic closures that connect quickly and quietly. All you do is line up the fabric, and it magically closes. This means you spend less time fussing with snaps, and zippers and more time connecting with your baby. 20% off Mommy Steps or Form insoles with the promo code FEET. Mommy Steps insoles combine optimal arch support with a comfortable cradle for your foot. Changes during pregnancy like rapid weight gain and increased levels of Relaxin can create lifelong changes to the structure of your feet. Keeping your feet properly supported during pregnancy can help alleviate common pregnancy-related foot problems. FREE 1 year supply of immune-supporting Vitamin D AND 5 FREE travel packs with your first purchase of AG1. With one delicious scoop of AG1, you're absorbing 75 high-quality vitamins, minerals, whole-food sourced superfoods, probiotics, and adaptogens to help you start your day right. This special blend of ingredients supports your gut health, nervous system, immune system, energy, recovery, focus, and aging. As a friendly reminder, pregnant or nursing women should seek professional medical advice before taking this or any other dietary supplement. Read the full article and resources that accompany this episode. Join Pregnancy Podcast Premium to access the entire back catalog, listen to all episodes ad-free, get a copy of the Your Birth Plan Book, and more. For more evidence-based information, visit the Pregnancy Podcast website.

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The Evidence on the Flu Vaccine During Pregnancy (2022-23 Flu Season)

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 16, 2022 44:40

Flu is an infectious disease caused by the influenza virus. The flu typically isn't severe in healthy adults, and symptoms usually subside in about a week. When you are pregnant, your body's inflammatory response to the flu puts you at a higher risk for some complications. The medical community recommends that pregnant women get the flu vaccine to protect them and give their babies passive immunity. It can be challenging to weigh the risks and benefits to decide whether getting the flu vaccine during pregnancy is right for you. Plus, you have options regarding the type of vaccine and when you get it. This episode examines the evidence and considerations to make an informed decision on whether to get the flu vaccine during pregnancy. Thank you to our sponsors 20% off Mommy Steps or Form insoles with the promo code FEET. Mommy Steps insoles combine optimal arch support with a comfortable cradle for your foot. Changes during pregnancy like rapid weight gain and increased levels of Relaxin can create lifelong changes to the structure of your feet. Keeping your feet properly supported during pregnancy can help alleviate common pregnancy-related foot problems. 15% off Boppy.com with the promo code PREGPOD15. Boppy nursing pillows make breastfeeding or bottle feeding your baby so much easier. Designed with experts like lactation consultants to provide ergonomic support for you and your baby, Boppy nursing pillows are a lifesaver for new parents. As a reminder, Boppy products are for your baby's supervised, awake time. These products are not for sleep. Save 20% off your Simply Magnetic Me order with the code PREGNANCY. Simply Magnetic Me clothing is crafted with 100% organic cotton and sew-safe magnetic closures that connect quickly and quietly. All you do is line up the fabric, and it magically closes. This means you spend less time fussing with snaps, and zippers and more time connecting with your baby. FREE 1 year supply of immune-supporting Vitamin D AND 5 FREE travel packs with your first purchase of AG1. With one delicious scoop of AG1, you're absorbing 75 high-quality vitamins, minerals, whole-food sourced superfoods, probiotics, and adaptogens to help you start your day right. This special blend of ingredients supports your gut health, nervous system, immune system, energy, recovery, focus, and aging. As a friendly reminder, pregnant or nursing women should seek professional medical advice before taking this or any other dietary supplement. Read the full article and resources that accompany this episode. Join Pregnancy Podcast Premium to access the entire back catalog, listen to all episodes ad-free, get a copy of the Your Birth Plan Book, and more. For more evidence-based information, visit the Pregnancy Podcast website.

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Getting Sick During Pregnancy (Colds, Flu, and COVID-19)

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Play Episode Listen Later Oct 9, 2022 40:15

Pregnancy affects every system in your body, including your immune system. It is so important to take care of your health when you are expecting. Even when you take precautions to avoid getting sick, you can get a cold, flu, or COVID-19 at some point over the nine months of your pregnancy. Being sick is never fun and can be especially challenging when pregnant. Learn how to treat symptoms safely to return to feeling healthy faster. This episode examines the evidence of non-pharmacological treatments for cold or flu symptoms and the safety of over-the-counter medications during pregnancy. This podcast is not intended as medical advice. You should discuss any symptoms with your doctor or midwife and talk to them about taking any medications, including over-the-counter medicines. Thank you to our sponsors 20% off Mommy Steps or Form insoles with the promo code FEET. Mommy Steps insoles combine optimal arch support with a comfortable cradle for your foot. Changes during pregnancy like rapid weight gain and increased levels of Relaxin can create lifelong changes to the structure of your feet. Keeping your feet properly supported during pregnancy can help alleviate common pregnancy-related foot problems. 15% off Boppy.com with the promo code PREGPOD15. Boppy nursing pillows make breastfeeding or bottle feeding your baby so much easier. Designed with experts like lactation consultants to provide ergonomic support for you and your baby, Boppy nursing pillows are a lifesaver for new parents. As a reminder, Boppy products are for your baby's supervised awake time. These products are not for sleep. Save 20% off your Simply Magnetic Me order with the code PREGNANCY. Simply Magnetic Me clothing is crafted with 100% organic cotton and sew-safe magnetic closures that connect quickly and quietly. All you do is line up the fabric, and it magically closes. This means you spend less time fussing with snaps and zippers and more time connecting with your baby. Read the full article and resources that accompany this episode. Join Pregnancy Podcast Premium to access the entire back catalog, listen to all episodes ad-free, get a copy of the Your Birth Plan Book, and more. For more evidence-based information, visit the Pregnancy Podcast website.

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Episode 1312 - Relaxin and pelvic girdle pain: linked?

#PTonICE Daily Show

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 4, 2022 12:09

Christina Prevett // #PPPonICE // www.ptonice.com

Prevention and Treatment of Foot Issues in Pregnancy

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 2, 2022 23:14

Research shows that pregnancy can negatively impact foot health. One study showed that 50% of pregnant women reported issues in the feet, including unsteady gait, swelling, and increased foot width. While some foot issues disappear after you have your baby, others can create permanent changes in the structure of your feet. Many care providers will tell expecting mothers that foot problems regularly occur during pregnancy and are part of having a baby. Rather than brush off these symptoms as a side effect of pregnancy, let's examine the causes of foot issues and the evidence-based methods to prevent or relieve these problems. Thank you to our sponsors 20% off Mommy Steps or Form insoles with the promo code FEET. Mommy Steps insoles combine optimal arch support with a comfortable cradle for your foot. Changes during pregnancy like rapid weight gain and increased levels of Relaxin can create lifelong changes to the structure of your feet. Keeping your feet properly supported during pregnancy can help alleviate common pregnancy-related foot problems. 15% off Boppy.com with the promo code PREGPOD15. Boppy nursing pillows make breastfeeding or bottle feeding your baby so much easier. Designed with experts like lactation consultants to provide ergonomic support for you and your baby, Boppy nursing pillows are a lifesaver for new parents. As a reminder, Boppy products are for your baby's supervised, awake time. These products are not for sleep. 10% off 8 Sheep Organics with the promo code PREGNANCYPODCAST. The Belly Balm from 8 Sheep is specially made to moisturize your growing belly and soothe itchy and stretching skin. It is made fresh every day with clean, natural ingredients that you can pronounce. There are no parabens, no mineral oils, and no nasty chemicals you don't want on your skin. Read the full article and resources that accompany this episode. Join Pregnancy Podcast Premium to access the entire back catalog, listen to all episodes ad-free, get a copy of the Your Birth Plan Book, and more. For more evidence-based information, visit the Pregnancy Podcast website.

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Remedies to Treat Constipation in Pregnancy

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Play Episode Listen Later Sep 25, 2022 25:50

You may be completely regular as far as going to the bathroom before getting pregnant, and then suddenly, you are stopped up and have issues when you need to go #2. If you are constipated, you have difficult or infrequent bowel movements, your stools are hard, and you may have pain or discomfort in your stomach. The prevalence of constipation is 40% in pregnant women and 52% in women postpartum. Several changes in pregnancy can cause constipation. Like most pregnancy-related issues, constipation will disappear after you have your baby. In the meantime, there are a lot of things you can do to relieve constipation. This episode examines interventions to relieve constipation during pregnancy ranging from diet and lifestyle changes to supplements and over-the-counter medications. Thank you to our sponsors 20% off Mommy Steps or Form insoles with the promo code FEET. Mommy Steps insoles combine optimal arch support with a comfortable cradle for your foot. Changes during pregnancy like rapid weight gain and increased levels of Relaxin can create lifelong changes to the structure of your feet. Keeping your feet properly supported during pregnancy can help alleviate common pregnancy-related foot problems. Save 20% off the Zahler Prenatal +DHA on Amazon with the code PREPOD20. You can always see the current promo code for the Zahler prenatal vitamin by clicking here. Taking a high-quality prenatal vitamin is one of the easiest things to ensure you have all the vitamins and nutrients you and your baby need. Zahler goes above and beyond to use high-quality bioavailable ingredients like the active form of folate, bioavailable iron, and omega 3s. Save 20% off your Simply Magnetic Me order with the code PREGNANCY. Simply Magnetic Me clothing is crafted with 100% organic cotton and sew-safe magnetic closures that connect quickly and quietly. All you do is line up the fabric, and it magically closes. This means you spend less time fussing with snaps, and zippers and more time connecting with your baby. Read the full article and resources that accompany this episode. Join Pregnancy Podcast Premium to access the entire back catalog, listen to all episodes ad-free, get a copy of the Your Birth Plan Book, and more. For more evidence-based information, visit the Pregnancy Podcast website.

Is Any Amount of Alcohol Safe During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding?

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Play Episode Listen Later Sep 18, 2022 31:08

There are many common questions about alcohol when trying to conceive, during pregnancy, and breastfeeding. Does drinking alcohol make it more challenging to get pregnant? Can you drink any alcohol during your pregnancy? Does it affect your baby? How much is okay? Can you pump and dump if you drink while breastfeeding? Doctors and midwives usually give you one of two answers. You hear, absolutely no alcohol, in any quantity. Or they may tell you it's okay to enjoy a glass of wine from time to time with a meal. You already know that drinking high amounts of alcohol is a bad idea. What about an occasional drink? This episode will examine the evidence on everything from the party night you had before you realized you were pregnant, enjoying a drink or two during pregnancy, and why you may not need to pump and dump if you drink while breastfeeding. Thank you to our sponsors Save 20% off your Simply Magnetic Me order with the code PREGNANCY. Simply Magnetic Me clothing is crafted with 100% organic cotton and sew-safe magnetic closures that connect quickly and quietly. All you do is line up the fabric, and it magically closes. This means you spend less time fussing with snaps and zippers and more time connecting with your baby. 20% off Mommy Steps or Form insoles with the promo code FEET. Mommy Steps insoles combine optimal arch support with a comfortable cradle for your foot. Changes during pregnancy like rapid weight gain and increased levels of Relaxin can create lifelong changes to the structure of your feet. Keeping your feet properly supported during pregnancy can help alleviate common pregnancy-related foot problems. Save 20% off the Zahler Prenatal +DHA on Amazon with the code PREPOD20. You can always see the current promo code for the Zahler prenatal vitamin by clicking here. Taking a high-quality prenatal vitamin is one of the easiest things to ensure you have all the vitamins and nutrients you and your baby need. Zahler goes above and beyond to use high-quality bioavailable ingredients like the active form of folate, bioavailable iron, and omega 3s. Read the full article and resources that accompany this episode. Join Pregnancy Podcast Premium to access the entire back catalog, listen to all episodes ad-free, get a copy of the Your Birth Plan Book, and more. For more evidence-based information, visit the Pregnancy Podcast website.

How Much Caffeine Is Safe?

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Play Episode Listen Later Sep 11, 2022 32:34

Caffeine is a psychoactive drug because it changes brain function and results in alterations in perception, mood, or consciousness. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant found naturally in the seeds, nuts, and leaves of over 60 species of plants. This stimulant is commonly in coffee, tea, and energy drinks and is the most widely consumed drug in the world. Caffeine is one of the first things to be cautious about after seeing a positive pregnancy test. Trying to figure out how much caffeine is safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding can be challenging. This episode examines how you process caffeine and the recommendations and research on the safety of caffeine during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Thank you to our sponsors Save 20% off your Simply Magnetic Me order with the code PREGNANCY. Simply Magnetic Me clothing is crafted with 100% organic cotton and sew-safe magnetic closures that connect quickly and quietly. All you do is line up the fabric, and it magically closes. This means you spend less time fussing with snaps and zippers and more time connecting with your baby. 20% off Mommy Steps or Form insoles with the promo code FEET. Mommy Steps insoles combine optimal arch support with a comfortable cradle for your foot. Changes during pregnancy like rapid weight gain and increased levels of Relaxin can create lifelong changes to the structure of your feet. Keeping your feet properly supported during pregnancy can help alleviate common pregnancy-related foot problems. Save 20% off the Zahler Prenatal +DHA on Amazon with the code PREPOD20. You can always see the current promo code for the Zahler prenatal vitamin by clicking here. Taking a high-quality prenatal vitamin is one of the easiest things to ensure you have all the vitamins and nutrients you and your baby need. Zahler goes above and beyond to use high-quality bioavailable ingredients like the active form of folate, bioavailable iron, and omega 3s. Read the full article and resources that accompany this episode. Join Pregnancy Podcast Premium to access the entire back catalog, listen to all episodes ad-free, get a copy of the Your Birth Plan Book, and more. For more evidence-based information, visit the Pregnancy Podcast website.

Preventing and Relieving Back Pain