Podcasts about MTOR

If you're training consistently, eating healthy, and still struggling with muscle loss, slower recovery, stubborn body composition changes, or feeling like your metabolism simply doesn't work like it used to… this episode is for you. In this deep-dive conversation, I sit down with Dr. David Minkoff, physician, endurance athlete, and founder of BodyHealth, to explore what is really happening beneath the surface as we age—and why muscle health may be one of the biggest missing pieces in longevity, metabolism, and performance. We discuss: • Why muscle loss accelerates after 40—even if you exercise consistently • What anabolic resistance is and why building muscle becomes harder with age • The difference between AMPK (survival mode) and mTOR (build mode) • What muscle protein synthesis (MPS) actually means and how to stimulate it • Why simply "eating more protein" may not solve the problem • The importance of digestion, stomach acid, and protein utilization • Why reaching the leucine threshold matters for muscle repair and growth • The science behind essential amino acids (EAAs) and recovery • How under-fueling, overtraining, poor recovery, and chronic stress can keep you stuck • Why muscle is critical for blood sugar regulation, energy, metabolism, and healthy aging If you're a high performer, endurance athlete, active adult, or someone navigating midlife changes and wondering why your body no longer responds the way it used to—this conversation will help connect the dots. Because many active adults are not undertrained.  They are under-muscled.  And the solution may not be working harder. It may be learning how to send a stronger signal. Resources & Next Steps Support muscle protein synthesis and recovery with Perfect Aminos: https://www.bodyhealthaffiliates.com/42D431W/3QQG7/ Learn more about the 30-Day Muscle & Metabolism Reset: https://debbiepotts.net/30-day-group-program/ Explore coaching, testing, and your personalized FutureYou Blueprint: https://www.debbiepotts.net Remember:  You do not need more effort.  You need better signals.  Build muscle. Restore metabolism. Become your strongest Future You. Educational purposes only. Please consult your qualified healthcare practitioner before making changes to your nutrition, supplements, medications, or exercise program.

Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:09 Hi there, how are you? Bob Miller 00:00:10 Excellent! Pedaling as fast as humanly possible, but doing okay. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:14 Good, good. Well, I’m looking forward to our conversation today. This should be amazing. Bob Miller 00:00:20 Yeah, it should be a lot of fun. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:22 Yeah, anything that’s off-limits for you in, our conversation? Bob Miller 00:00:28 No. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:29 Okay, anything you want me to make sure we cover for you? Bob Miller 00:00:33 Well, I mean, is it okay if we put a little plug-in for our software? Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:35 Absolutely. Bob Miller 00:00:36 Yeah. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:37 Absolutely. Bob Miller 00:00:36 Yeah. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:37 Absolutely. Bob Miller 00:00:38 Hey, can we… can we do a screen share? Yes, we can. Yeah, because I want to show you some maps, and… Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:43 Okay. Things like that, yeah, so… Perfect. So just let me know when you want to do screen share. Bob Miller 00:00:48 Okay. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:49 And yeah, feel free to plug your software wherever you want to. Bob Miller 00:00:53 Okay, well, good. Let me pull up a, a slide for that, and give me one second, I just want to shut the door to my office to get the noise down. Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:01 No worries. Bob Miller 00:01:16 And, how should I refer to you? Dr. Debb? Dr. Muth, what do you like? Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:18 Dr. Deb is great, or Deb, either way, I’m pretty informal, so… Bob Miller 00:01:22 Yeah, and… Bob is fine for me. Okay. Yeah. Yeah, there you go. Why people feel like they need this, son. Special name, it’s like, seriously. Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:33 Right? I agree. Bob Miller 00:01:35 When I work with my clients, it’s like, Dr. Millison, just, just bop, just, just bop. Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:41 Yep, that’s how I am, too. Just call me Deb, it’s good. Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:44 They feel a little awkward with that, you know? They’re not used to that, but… Bob Miller 00:01:48 Alright. And you’re a naturopath, medical doctor. Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:52 A nastropathic doctor and a nurse practitioner. Oh, nice. Yeah, so I got the best of both worlds, right? Bob Miller 00:01:58 Yeah, damn. Okay. Alright, so here we go… There we go. Alright, so I got that ready, and then I will do a, I will do a screen share. I think you’re gonna really, appreciate what we’ve come up with. We’ve come up with the concept of, Cellular CPR. Dr. Deb Muth 00:02:23 Oh, nice! Bob Miller 00:02:24 And that is, construct the cell membrane, Protect the cell membrane. And restore it if it’s damaged. Dr. Deb Muth 00:02:32 Love that. Bob Miller 00:02:34 I love that. Yeah, so that’s what we’re focusing on, and then how, You know, we want to get to the point that, you know, most people think of genetics, they think of, like, 23andMe or Ancestry. Dr. Deb Muth 00:02:44 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:02:45 And then you have the professional geneticists who are looking at, you know, odd things that could create a disease. We’re looking at functional genomics. Dr. Deb Muth 00:02:54 Which is so much better. Bob Miller 00:02:56 Yeah. Are you familiar with what we do here, or… Dr. Deb Muth 00:02:58 A little bit, a little bit. So, it’ll be new to me, too, so I’m excited. Bob Miller 00:03:03 And how much time do we have? Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:04 We have an hour, give or take a little bit on either side. Do you have a hard stop anywhere? Bob Miller 00:03:10 No, no, I put a, I moved my clients around, and I don’t have anybody till, 3.30, so we’re good. Okay. Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:16 Perfect. Alright. Bob Miller 00:03:18 It’s like we’re getting started early as well, so… Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:19 Yeah, we’re getting started a little bit early, so that’s good. Bob Miller 00:03:22 Yeah, I just got my office cleaned up, so… Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:23 Okay, good. All right, are you all set to get started? Bob Miller 00:03:28 I’m good to go, my friend. Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:29 I’m gonna just record a little intro and a little bit of a, hook for people, and then we’ll get started. I’ll ask you to kind of tell us a little bit about yourself, and then we’ll just take this conversation wherever it’s supposed to go. Bob Miller 00:03:39 Okay, you got it. Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:40 Alright, sounds good. So what if the reason you’re not healing isn’t your diet, your supplements, or your labs, but it’s actually your genes? Dr. Bob Miller is uncovering how genetic variants, when combined with modern toxins, explain why some of us stay sick no matter what we try. Today, we’re talking genetic pathways, detox blocks, and the new science every wellness warrior needs to know. Welcome back to Let’s Talk Wellness Now, the show where we uncover the root causes of chronic illness, exploring cutting-edge regenerative medicine, and empower you to heal from the inside out. I’m Dr. Deb, your medical detective, and today, our guest, Dr. Bob Miller, is a true pioneer in functional genomics. He’s a board-certified traditional naturopath and the founder of Neutrogenetic Research Institute. And he’s the leading groundbreaking research on how genetic variants influence chronic illness, inflammation, and detoxification. His work has been recognized on international stages, uncovering links between genetic expression and conditions like Lyme disease, mast cell activation, or MCAS, and mitochondrial dysfunction. I’m so excited to talk to Dr. Bob today. He is gonna reveal some things that even I don’t know about, so I’m excited to learn alongside of you guys. So… Dr. Bob, let’s get started. Tell us a little bit about yourself, and kind of how you got on this journey. Bob Miller 00:05:04 Well, that’s, that’s interesting. I was sort of like a mid-career coming to the natural health field, because in my early 30s, I found myself with a severe case of ulcerative colitis. Bob Miller 00:05:15 And I was in the hospital for 21 days. probably within hours of death, pleading to death. And they told me I’ve got one option, and that is cut out the colon and wear a bag. Didn’t sound like a lot of fun. Dr. Deb Muth 00:05:27 Not an option I would want. Bob Miller 00:05:29 So, you know, the medical folks wasn’t real happy with me, but I said, yeah, I’d like to explore some alternative things.Never thinking that I’d get into this field, and then I just, you know, worked with some herbalists and things that I found absolutely fascinating. So, that’s how I got into this around 30 years ago. And, haven’t looked back since, and just having a… having a blast as we now move into how our genetics impacts things. So, that’s what we’re gonna… that’s what we’re gonna talk about today. Dr. Deb Muth 00:05:58 I’m excited to talk about this genetic thing. When you started over 30 years ago, what kind of patience and problems first inspired you to dig deeper into that root cause healing and kind of get into the genetic piece of it? Bob Miller 00:06:10 Sure. Well, you know, as a… now, I’m in a part of the country called Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, where there’s a lot of Amish and Mennonite, and they gravitate towards these things.So, this is their first thing to do, and that doesn’t work, then they’ll go other routes. So, you know, back then, we just saw typical, you know, a little tired, constipation. You know, a little bit of fatigue, arthritis, those kind of things. But things have changed dramatically over the years, as people are now getting more chronically sick. You know, it’s worse than it’s ever been. And what we’re finding is the, the culprits Primarily is mold exposure and Lyme disease. When people get those two together, they’re just… it’s an inflammatory cascade that nobody can seem to unravel. So that’s where we spend a lot of our time. And we’re also spending a lot of time looking at mental health, like ADD, ADHD. And, we give… this year I’ll be speaking at three autism conferences. And we can dig into that a little bit as to why we think we’re seeing such a dramatic increase. And aside from autism, that used to be 1 out of 1,000, now it’s 1 out of 33, or 23. You know, we’re also seeing dramatic increases in ADD, ADHD. People are stressed out. And today, I think we’ll have the time to actually go through and show how environmental factors combine with genetics to cause that to happen. So we’ll… we should have a fun visit here today. And today, I think we’ll have the time to actually go through and show how environmental factors combine with genetics to cause that to happen. So we’ll… we should have a fun visit here today. Dr. Deb Muth 00:07:37 This should be a fun visit. We can cover lots of topics. I am so excited. So, you founded Nutri Genetic Research Institute in 2015. What did you hope to accomplish, and what kind of surprised you in your findings so far about that? Bob Miller 00:07:51 Well, you know, let’s back up at what, you know, genetics is used for. Everybody’s familiar with 23andMe and Ancestry that, you know, tells you where your ancestors came from. Then you have your professional geneticists. I mean, these are people with a degree in genetics. And they’ll look for, you know, very odd sort of things that are prone to relate to a disease. So there are disease-related genetics. Well, in functional, we don’t look at either of those. We look at For example, how you’re breaking down your fats and utilizing them. How you’re recycling your glutathione. How you might be handling your iron. And none of those are disease-causing on their own.And none of those are disease-causing on their own. But when they pile up on you, and then combine that with environmental factors, that’s when things start to go south on us. So, that’s what we’re doing, we’re looking at patterns. And our first foray into this was, we did studies on Lyme disease. And our first foray into this was, we did studies on Lyme disease. So, we looked at, like, I think 50 people with Lyme disease. We looked at their genome. So, we looked at, like, I think 50 people with Lyme disease. We looked at their genome. And we found patterns that were more evident in those with Lyme. Now, this doesn’t… these genetics don’t mean you get Lyme, it just means if you get Lyme, you react worse to it. And we found patterns that were more evident in those with Lyme. Now, this doesn’t… these genetics don’t mean you get Lyme, it just means if you get Lyme, you react worse to it. So, as you know, some people get Lyme, they go on a round of antibiotics, and they’re done. So, as you know, some people get Lyme, they go on a round of antibiotics, and they’re done. Others have a little more struggle, and then others are struggling terribly for years. So there’s an old adage of genetics loads the gun, environment pulls the trigger. Dr. Deb Muth 00:09:14 Yeah, that is so true, and I think when we’re talking about Lyme and mold and things like that, we forget sometimes that our genetics can predispose us to be more sensitive to those things, and if we have genetic pathways where we don’t clear things properly, it’s harder for us to get them out of the body. And then you add on that whole rain barrel effect that we’ve always used as a functional medicine term, right? If the barrel’s half full, you’re okay. If it’s full, and now it’s spilling over, it’s a bigger problem. Have you guys found, too, that some of these environmental things actually are changing the genetics of people, or how they’re processing their own genetics? Bob Miller 00:09:53 Well, let’s go back to, Genetics 101. But we’ll go back a little bit further. So, what an interesting mechanism, what a miracle the body is. Bob Miller 00:10:03 Fats, carbohydrates, proteins, drink water, breathe air, expose the sunlight, and somehow everything gets made. I mean, when you just step back and think about that, it’s like, It’s pretty darn amazing. Dr. Deb Muth 00:10:15 I always tell women, you know, the fact that we get pregnant and we have healthy pregnancies and births is a miracle, because if we had to try to control that, that wouldn’t work so well. Bob Miller 00:10:25 Right. Well, that’s another miracle. These microscopic sperm and egg, human being, 9 months later, it’s like. But even inside of us. We are making our hair, our skin, our nails, our blood vessels, our ATP, our energy, it’s all being created. Well, that gets created by enzymes. So, enzymes take one substance, combine it with something else, and make something new. Then another enzyme comes along and does the same thing. Your DNA is the instructions on how to make the enzymes. So, when we are conceived. If it’s a, if it’s a female, of course, it’s the XX, the two chromosomes. You know, we’ve… everybody’s seen those… the genetics that… Listed pair. So, if it’s a female, the father donated the X enzyme. And the mother has no choice but to give the eggs, so that’s female. If the father donates the Y, you have a male that’s in chromosome number 1. Then 2 through 23 is the rest of the instructions on how to make enzymes. So, what can happen? We can get what are called SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms. And SNPs just mean that the instructions to make the enzyme’s not quite as good. So, if one parent gives a SNP on the making of an enzyme, The enzyme’s fine. It works. But, general rule of thumb, It may only work at 70-80% of efficiency. Now, a good analogy is think of an 8-cylinder and a 6-cylinder car. If parents give you good information, that’s like having an 8-cylinder car. If one parent gives you that snip, it’s like having a 6-cylinder car. Now, is a 6-cylinder car a fine car? Sure. It’ll get you from point A to point B, but it’s just going to have the power of an 8-cylinder. Then if both parents give you a SNP on the same enzyme, it may be 30-40%, and that’s like having a 4-cylinder car. Sits in the driveway, looks the same, puts gas in it, everything. But if you’ve got a 4-cylinder car. Probably not a good idea to go cross-country pulling a trailer behind you up and down mountains. Dr. Deb Muth 00:12:29 This is true. Bob Miller 00:12:32 So… We can get an 8-cylinder, 6-cylinder, or 4-cylinder enzyme. Now, if it’s not under a lot of stress, if that 4-cylinder car is just taking you to the bank and the grocery store. It’s just as good as an 8-cylinder car. But if you gotta pull that trailer, and there’s a lot of stress on it, being mountains, it’s gonna struggle. Now, there’s one other little caveat to this, and that is some genetic mutations are gain-of-function. They actually work faster. Now, we have enzymes that do all kinds of things. We have enzymes that make and recycle our antioxidants, but we also have enzymes that make inflammation. No, that’s a good thing, because if we get a virus or bacteria, if you didn’t make inflammation to kill it, well, we’d all die of infection. So, you know, we tend to think of free radicals as bad, antioxidants as good. They both play an important role. But interestingly, some of the major enzymes that make inflammation, they can be overactive. They can be turbocharged. And when they’re stimulated by environmental toxins, they overreact. Bob Miller 00:13:40 And therein lies the problem. When they overreact, we have a problem. Bob Miller 00:13:46 So, if we have genes that overreact when stimulated. And then the enzymes that take care of inflammation are underactive. Then you’re gonna be more inflamed. You know, the majority of people that, you know, come for functional medicine Or naturopathic help, or… Inflammation that they can’t seem to get under control. Dr. Deb Muth 00:14:06 Right. Bob Miller 00:14:07 And we will be, you know, during this hour, we’re going to look at some of the pathways that make that happen. So, what we can do then, we can’t change our genetics. When you’re conceived, that’s the hand you’re dealt. When your life would be over, if someone would take some tissue and measure, it’d be exactly the same as conception. Does it change. Bob Miller 00:14:28 The enzyme’s ability to do its job may be compromised. Because remember I said there’s a, the enzyme takes a cofactor. So an enzyme takes substance A, cofactor, make substance B. Well, if that cofactor’s not there, the enzyme’s not going to work either. So, you could have an 8-cylinder car, and if there’s no gas in it, it’s not going anywhere. So… It’s the strength of the enzyme, it’s the cofactor to do the A to B conversion. And that’s what we’re going to get into. So, many people say, well, where did these SNPs come from? Nobody knows for sure. Sometimes they’re what’s just called de novo, when the sperm and egg go together, the instructions get mixed up a little bit. We do believe a lot of it came from a long time ago, when we were almost wiped out by sexually transmitted diseases. And those STDs were altering the genes when the conception, in other words, when the sperm went into the egg, the STDs were interfering. And causing the problem, so… I often joke, if you want to blame somebody. Blame your great-great-great-great-great-great-great-grandparents for, being a bit promiscuous, so… Dr. Deb Muth 00:15:31 Yeah, for being… having a little too much fun, right? Bob Miller 00:15:35 So, we don’t know for sure, but, you know, there are some that, But most of the SNPs that we get inherit from our parents. So, if you look at a child. And you look at the SNPs. 99.9% of the time, it came from one of the parents. Dr. Deb Muth 00:15:50 In identical twins, do they have the exact same identical makeup? Bob Miller 00:15:54 Yep, Dr. Deb Muth 00:15:56 But not in fraternal twins, correct? Bob Miller 00:15:59 No, no, those could be different, Jeff. Dr. Deb Muth 00:16:00 It could be different because they have different sacs, they’re not sharing that same genetic makeup. Bob Miller 00:16:04 Yeah, so keep in mind, both your mother and your father have, you know, the two And so you get one from one parent, one from another. Dr. Deb Muth 00:16:13 So… Bob Miller 00:16:14 Interesting situation. I had, 3, 3 boys. And, we were looking at an enzyme related to breaking down oxalates. Now, the mother and father each had one SNP, and that’s called heterozygous. Three boys, and they all come together, they’re Amish boys, they’re a lot of fun. And I looked at their genomes, and the one boy didn’t have any SNPs at all. And one had won. And the other one had two. Dr. Deb Muth 00:16:41 Interesting. Bob Miller 00:16:42 So, we don’t quite know how these things get handed off, but with the parents each having one, you could have a child with none, one, or two. So, the one, his ability to break down oxalates, which is fine. The other one was slightly impaired, and the other one was dramatically impaired. So, you can have 3 children, and it all depends what the parents have. Now, if a parent has a homozygous, or 2 copies. And the other parent has nothing. Every child will have one. Okay. If both parents are homozygous, that they both have two, Every child will have two. Dr. Deb Muth 00:17:19 too. Bob Miller 00:17:20 Yes, so that’s the way it works, but, you know, but it’s somewhat rare that both parents are homozygous on an enzyme, but it can happen. Dr. Deb Muth 00:17:27 Do we think that infections today, like Lyme disease or mold exposure, things like that, if the parent, the woman, primarily, I’m thinking, is pregnant, and she actively has these infections. Can those infections affect the genetics, kind of like a past sexual transmission did where we thought back in the day? Bob Miller 00:17:47 Yeah, I… I mean, I’m not that much of a geneticist to answer that for sure, but my thought would be no, that at conception, the pattern’s made. Dr. Deb Muth 00:17:55 Okay. And then that’s… that’s the hand you’re dealt. Bob Miller 00:17:58 Yeah. So, I tell people we have good news and bad news. The good news is we can compensate for the weakness. The bad news is we can compensate for the weakness. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:09 That is so very true. Bob Miller 00:18:11 Yeah, we can’t, because I often get asked, so we’ll do some things now, and we’ll check my genes again, and they’ll be better. It’s like, nope. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:18 Oh, – – Bob Miller 00:18:19 You gotta play the hands you’re dealt, so… Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:21 That’s right. Bob Miller 00:18:22 You can test your genetics… if you’re looking at the same enzyme, you can test it every year. It’s not gonna change. It’s like the blueprint. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:30 It’s good and bad, right? It’s the one test you only have to do once in your lifetime. Bob Miller 00:18:34 No, unless, you know, like, our. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:36 All the time. Bob Miller 00:18:37 Yeah, now our test looks at, called the Functional Genomic Analysis Test of your genomic Resource. We look at 220,000 steps. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:46 Wow, that’s a lot. Bob Miller 00:18:47 That’s not all of them. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:49 Right. Bob Miller 00:18:50 So, maybe in the next year, we’re gonna come out with our third version of the chip. And then, if someone wants to get those new things that weren’t on it, they’d have to repeat. But whatever we measured is gonna stay the same. Dr. Deb Muth 00:19:03 That’s a lot of SNPs to look at. Bob Miller 00:19:05 Keeps us busy. Dr. Deb Muth 00:19:06 But there’s still, but there’s still SNPs that we. Bob Miller 00:19:09 That we’d like to have that we don’t have, so… Bob Miller 00:19:11 We started out with version 1 on our genetic test, then we worked with version 2, and we’re already compiling a list of what version 3 would look like. So if somebody has our version 2, And we’re saying, you know what, it’d be nice if we could see these, well, then you’d repeat, but it won’t change what you already know, so… Dr. Deb Muth 00:19:29 Got it, got it. So, when you started out, and you started looking at the research of Lyme disease and chronic infections, which detox pathways are most important for people who struggle with those conditions? Bob Miller 00:19:43 Okay. You know what might make sense as we do a screen share, and I’ll actually show you the pathway. Does that make sense? Bob Miller 00:19:48 Alright, so… let’s see if I… let me just press the share… Dr. Deb Muth 00:19:52 Yep, you should just be able to press share. Bob Miller 00:19:54 And… number 2. Okay. Are we seeing the screen there? Bob Miller 00:20:01 Okay. Dr. Deb Muth 00:20:02 So, this is a map that we made. Bob Miller 00:20:05 And by the way, this is not… All-inclusive of all the things we look at, but we believe this is a core issue. So, where we’re going to start here, there’s something called the microglia. And the microglia are glial cells. They’re in the brain and the central nervous system. And they’re very interesting little creatures, because most of the time, and this is just a drawing of what they sort of look like. Most of the time, they’re in what’s called the M2 anti-inflammatory mood. What that means, these little guys pick up dirt, debris, Recycle them. Turns on an enzyme called interleukin-10 that’s anti-inflammatory. And just kind of does general housekeeping. And just kind of does general housekeeping. However, when a trigger comes along. However, when a trigger comes along. They… it’s the same glial cell, but it moves over to a very pro-inflammatory enzyme. A pro-inflammatory glial cell. And it triggers these 3 enzymes, Actually, these four. That are pro-inflammatory. Tumor necrosis vector alpha, Interleukin-6. NF Kappa B, Inos. Now, these create inflammation. So you might think, well, why is that good? Well, if you have some foreign invader, virus, bacteria coming in, parasite. If you didn’t have these guys coming to the rescue, you would just die of infection. So, these guys are your friend unless they’re your worst enemy. Because TNFA, and we’ll show you when we actually do a demo account, TNFA can be overactive. So, in other words, it over-responds. Interleukin-6 can be overactive. And if Kappa-B can be overactive. The INOS, and I’ll explain each of these as we go through a demo, can be overactive. Now, what that means is, you’re very good at killing virus and bacteria. But this is where autoimmune disease comes in, and just inflammatory conditions. Now, this is just speculation, but we think what happened is, as you know. Thousands of years ago, we didn’t have refrigeration, we didn’t have sewer, we didn’t have pure water, and we didn’t have antibiotics. So, if you made it to 40, you were an old-timer, because everybody was dying of infection. So, what we believe happened is, by what’s called natural selection, Having these overactive. A thousand years ago was to your advantage. Dr. Deb Muth 00:22:31 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:22:32 But now… We have pure water, we have refrigeration, we have sewers, we have antibiotics. But now we have environmental factors that are stimulating them. Now it’s to our disadvantage. And we’ll talk about that a little bit as it relates to the hemochromatosis genes and maybe the G6PD. Dr. Deb Muth 00:22:48 Yep. Bob Miller 00:22:49 Now, why are we becoming so inflamed? Let’s look at the triggers. Now, one of my, favorite expressions is. I was born all the way back in 1954. Dr. Deb Muth 00:23:01 And it was a different world back then. Bob Miller 00:23:05 These are some of the triggers. And we’ll get into these, but right now, high fructose corn syrup, And the high-fat diet. High fructose corn syrup only came about in 1968. So now we’re being exposed to high fructose corn syrup. Then… we didn’t have these, these viruses like COVID. Dr. Deb Muth 00:23:26 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:23:27 Now, there’s now pretty strong evidence that COVID Was actually, you know, made as a gain of function. It’s debated, and I’m not taking an opinion on it, but there’s some people who believe Lyme disease was also a part of experimentation. Dr. Deb Muth 00:23:40 Go. Bob Miller 00:23:41 Then we have molds, and it appears as though mold is getting stronger. you know, 20 years ago, when I was seeing folks, mold wasn’t on the radar. I would say 7 out of the 10 folks we speak to today have mold problems. Yeah, 20 years ago, we talked more about mold allergy being an issue versus mold toxicity being an issue. Right. So… I know some folks are, you know, speculating what’s happening, but one of the theories out there is that EMF is strengthening mold. I don’t know if you ever heard that theory, and I don’t… Dr. Deb Muth 00:24:13 I have. Bob Miller 00:24:14 I’m not claiming it’s true, but it’s an interesting theory. Then even, you know, your black mold from water-damaged buildings. Then our air pollution is getting worse. We’re getting more toxic metals. Dr. Deb Muth 00:24:26 You know, if we have a… Bob Miller 00:24:27 You know, we’re gonna look back someday and say, what were we thinking, smearing aluminum into our armpits? The, what were we doing putting mercury in our teeth? Then, you know, glyphosate. When I was a kid, there was no glyphosate. So, all of these herbicides and pesticides. Polychlorinated biphenols, And then EMF. So, we love our cell phones, you know, and I think unless you, or in the middle of the desert, or down in a cave, you’re being exposed to EMF somewhere. So, you know, we have our cell phones with us, we have, We have Wi-Fi, the towers are everywhere. And we don’t know long-term, but we may find that this can… this creates some inflammation. And I don’t know if you get any folks, but do you have any folks that have… are they EMF sensitive? Dr. Deb Muth 00:25:16 Oh yeah, we have a whole bunch of them. Bob Miller 00:25:18 Yeah, and then if you have any TBIs, So, plenty of things here. that will stimulate into the microglia, M1. Now, you could say, well. We’re all pretty much exposed to the same thing. Why do some people get hit harder than others? So here’s where we’re gonna start. There’s an enzyme called Nrf2 and RF2. And Nrf2 is the enzyme that senses when there’s inflammation. And turns on hundreds of anti-inflammatory enzymes. We’ll show when we do the demo, you can have genetic weakness on NERF2. And NERF2 inhibits and slows down microglia M1. supports M2. Now, if it’s not complicated enough, there’s an enzyme called KEEP1. And KEEP1 inhibits NRF2. And you can actually have gain of function on keep 1, that makes Keap 1 stronger. So… A lot of the people who land on my doorstep So… A lot of the people who land on my doorstep Both parents gave a mutation on KEEP1, making it overactive. Both parents gave a mutation on KEEP1, making it overactive. Dr. Deb Muth 00:26:31 Hmm. Dr. Deb Muth 00:26:31 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:26:32 Suppressing Nrf2, nerve 2 might be weak. So, nobody’s putting the brakes on, M1. And by the same token, Nerve 2 supports M2. Then there’s a process called mTOR and autophagy. mTOR stands for mammalian tard of rapamycin, the growth of new cells. And then autophagy, taking our dead cells and recycling them. We need a balance between the two of them. If we didn’t have mTOR, the sperm and the egg would never become the baby, the baby would never become the adult, we wouldn’t make new cells. But our cells are constantly, you know, the old cells dying off. Autophagy is where we take that debris from the cell and recycle it, just like a farmer Plows the crop under at the end of the year. The dead plant then becomes the fuel for the spring, your dead cell becomes the fuel for the spring, and that’s autophagy. So we’re gonna look back someday and say, what were we thinking? We give our animals growth hormones so they get fatter faster. Oh my. So, we consume those animals, and inventory runs faster. Now, for anybody who’s, You know, maybe above 40, 45 years old. Think back when you were 12, and what did girls look like? They were primarily flat-chested little girls. Now they look like 16-year-olds. Because environmentally, we’re jacking up mTOR. So, mTOR stimulates microglia M1, suppresses microglia M2. Probably 80% of the folks we visit with. This is the part of the problem. NRF2 is weak. mTOR is strong. Environmental factors come along. And this guy gets carried away. He doesn’t do that burst and move back. Stays here. We’re calling that How environmental factors create a locked-in, pro-inflammatory. and neurotoxic phenotype. In other words, once it starts, it just keeps… Feeding upon itself. Alright, so what happens now when microglia is overactive. it triggers these 3 enzymes, TNFA, N of kappa B, And interleukin-6. Each one of these can have genetics that make them run stronger. Then it stimulates an enzyme called NLRP3, Which makes what are called inflammasomes. Now, guess what inflammasomes can be? Your best friend or your worst enemy? Because they will, if you’ve got, again, a virus or bacteria, or possibly even some bad cells in the body. They will zap them. Well, that’s good. Unless it’s overactive. Unless it’s overactive. And then what it does, through interleukin-1 beta, makes excess glutamate. And then what it does, through interleukin-1 beta, makes excess glutamate. Anxiety, gut inflammation, OCD, ADD, autism. And, you know, glutamate, we’ll talk about that a little bit, but glutamate makes you intelligent, highly motivated go-getter. but can also be excitatory. And then, look what it does. Let’s see, do I have the drawing tool here? Yes, I do. Okay. So, it comes down through here, Makes the glutamate. Comes back up through here. through the ADORA 2A enzyme, Then we’ve got a feedback loop that feeds upon itself. Then, through interleukin-18, we make histamine. and mast cells. And then through histamine receptor site number 1, we come back and spin it. And now you’ve just got this spinning feedback loop. So, the glutamate will make you anxious, the histamine will give you allergies and make you anxious. And you’re allergic to everything, and you’re feeling horrible. Now, it doesn’t end there, Dr. Dad. It then goes on to make something called gast dermins that creates pyroptosis, where it actually starts punching a hole in the cell membrane. And you’re only going to be as healthy as your cells are. Just a little background. You know, we’re made up of trillions of cells, and each one of them has what’s called a lipid bilayer, made from lipids, which comes from fats. And you’re only going to be as healthy as those membranes are. So that’s why we coined an interesting phrase. Cellular CPR. Construct the cell. Protect the cell. And restore the cell membrane. And we believe that’s going to be revolutionary in the functional medicine world. So… It’s not hard to figure out that if you start punching holes in the cell membrane, that’s not a good thing, okay? Bob Miller 00:31:22 Now… There’s an interesting molecule called NAD. Thicotide adenoside dinucleotide. And anybody who’s in the, you know, listening to the health podcasts and things, they’re… They’re, they’re learning about NAD. And I’m going to show you a chart later, all the good things that NAD does, but For the most part, it helps what’s called sirtuins. And sirtuins are quite interesting. If anybody’s looking at longevity. The sirtuins is where they’re looking at.Because sirtuins turn on good things. Turn off bad things. And I’ll show some charts on that later. So for right here, this sirtuin uses NAD, to slow down NF-kappa-B. CERT 2 uses NAD to slow down an ORP3. So, if we’ve got genetic weakness on these, or we don’t have enough NAD, We don’t hold this pathway back. Make sense? Dr. Deb Muth 00:32:24 Yeah, makes perfect sense. Bob Miller 00:32:25 Now, I’ll show this a little bit later. So, people are like, oh, well, I’m gonna start taking some NAD. Dr. Deb Muth 00:32:31 Right. Bob Miller 00:32:32 And there’s functional doctors who give NAD intravenous. It was just this morning, I was talking to a woman who said, Oh my gosh. I went and got intravenous NAD, and it took me a month to recover from that. Dr. Deb Muth 00:32:45 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:32:46 what happens is, and I’ll show this in a little more detail, there’s an enzyme called CD38, that’s stimulated by NF-kappa-B. And it takes NAD, To make intracellular calcium. that stimulates NLRP3 and actually makes things worse. So, if we have this guy upregulated, and I’ll show a chart what does that. taking NAD will make you worse. Again, when I go into the software, I’ll show you that whole pathway, so… I would encourage people, you know, just don’t go out and start taking massive amounts of NAD, you know, stick your toe in the water, see how you do. Because everything you’ve heard about, how good it is, is true, unless this guy says, oh, thank you very much, let me make more inflammation. Now, this might be part of our innate immune system, that if we have some pathogen that’s gonna kill us. By golly, we want that to happen. But if this is happening by environmental factors, Then it’s detrimental. So the immune system that protected us a thousand years ago now might be turning on us because of the environmental factors that we showed earlier. All right. Then there’s an enzyme called PARP that’s NAD-dependent, and that actually repairs strain breaks in your DNA. Now, the next thing that happens… is there’s an enzyme called NADPH oxidase that gets stimulated. and something called INOS. Now, I’m sure most people know about nitric oxide. It’s a gas that dilates your blood vessels. That’s why sometimes they’ll even give people drugs, nitroglycerin, to boost their nitric oxide. That’s why people are doing beetroots and other things to boost their nitric oxide. But there’s an OS3 enzyme that makes the nitric oxide that’s good for blood flow. But there’s an INOS That makes nitric oxide to kill pathogens. probably might be the third or fourth time I’ve said this. That’s a good thing, unless it isn’t. So, if it’s killing some pathogen, great. It was just misfiring. it combines… With superoxide that’s made by this enzyme, and makes something called peroxynitrite, which is one nasty free radical that chews you up and spits you out. So, the NOx enzyme, NADPH oxidase, uses NADPH, To make this free radical called superoxide. If we have time, we’ll get into it. NADPH is what your body needs to recycle your antioxidants.So, I coined the phrase, the NADPH steel. Where the NOX enzyme takes this very important NADPH, And rather than being useful, makes superoxide. Now, again, is that fine if you’ve got some bacteria to kill? Of course. But if it’s just chronically running, it’s just making all this chronic inflammation. Then it makes something called hydrogen peroxide. And we need to clear hydrogen peroxide by 3 enzymes, catalase, thyroid reduction. And glutathione peroxidase. If we have genetic issues on here, or we don’t have the cofactors. There’s something called the Fenton reaction, discovered in 1895 by Dr. Fenton. Where hydrogen peroxide combines with iron to make what are called hydroxyl radicals. And guess what they do? They create lipid peroxides, That damages your cell membranes. Now, again, the body’s pretty darn amazing. We have glutathione, And here’s where your body’s taking glutathione and recycling it. But look who’s needed to recycle it. NADPH. So, if this guy up here is chewing it up, We don’t recycle our glutathione. And then an enzyme called glufon peroxidase 4, Takes this damaged lipid and repairs it. So, here we’ve got this protecting, we want to protect it by not having this happen. But then we also need this guy to do the restoration. So, there’s a lot that can go wrong in here, Dr. Deb. Dr. Deb Muth 00:37:07 There’s a lot that could go wrong. And I can imagine some of my listeners are thinking that lipid peroxidase, is that the same thing as what they’re thinking of when we talk about lipids and cholesterol? Is that the same process that’s happening there? Bob Miller 00:37:22 Well, no, no, the lipids can be used to make cholesterol, but here we’re talking about where they’re going to build the cell membrane. And they’re being… and they’re being, destroyed. If anybody would like to see a visual representation of this, just go on YouTube. And type in, ferrooptosis Animation. cool little video, it’s about 3 minutes long, and it shows the lipids coming over, being oxidized, and now GPX4 fixes them, so… YouTube, Pharaoptosis Animation, cute little video. It’s just that really… Shows vividly what we’re… what we’re talking about here. Now, this is… Dr. Deb Muth 00:37:59 And so this is very common, too. Like, a lot of people do hydrogen peroxide IVs. Dr. Deb Muth 00:38:04 And so, if somebody doesn’t know their genetics, they could have a problem with doing those, just like they could doing the NADHIVs, correct? Bob Miller 00:38:13 Sure, yeah, yeah, yeah. So, I’ve talked to so many, you know, of course, the hydrogen peroxide kills pathogens. I mean, that’s what it does. So… but I’ve spoken to so many people that said. I had one client that said they’ve never been the same after having one hydrogen peroxide infusion. Dr. Deb Muth 00:38:30 Interesting. Bob Miller 00:38:31 Yeah. So… it can be… I see why people use it, because it. Bob Miller 00:38:36 pathogens, But on the other hand. And now’s a good time to speak about… I don’t have it on here, but there’s a, there’s an enzyme called the HFE gene. And that is what causes you to absorb iron. And there’s mutations in it that cause something called hemochromatosis. Were you overabsorb iron? Now, true hemochromatosis is when both parents give you a mutation. But there’s now growing evidence even a heterozygous can cause a little bit more iron absorption, not to the human chromatosis point, but overabsorption. So, if you overabsorb iron, And you have too much hydrogen peroxide that’s not cleared, All kinds of inflammation. Now, what’s happened is sometimes this inflammation Will damage the red blood cells. And some well-meaning doctor says, oh, you need some iron. And they take iron and it makes it worse. So, can’t tell you how many people I’ve said, you’ve got the overabsorption of iron, and they say, well, that can’t be right, because I’m low in iron. Well, that could be because it’s being chewed up here. Dr. Deb Muth 00:39:40 Sure. GPX1 and TXN turn it into, to water. The, catalase turns it into water and oxygen. Dr. Deb Muth 00:39:58 Now, I see a lot of my clients who have mutations or SNPs on that GPX gene, on that glutathione gene. And they really struggle to clear a lot of their toxins. Bob Miller 00:40:12 Sure. Dr. Deb Muth 00:40:14 Yeah, absolutely. Well, GPX4. Bob Miller 00:40:18 is what, repairs, but you can see GPX1 Is what uses glutathione. To turn hydrogen peroxide. So, but it all depends upon having enough glutathione. Dr. Deb Muth 00:40:30 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:40:31 Well, guess who controls making a glutathione? Dr. Deb Muth 00:40:34 Nerf 2. Bob Miller 00:40:37 So, if you have a keep one weakness, or strength to two… I’m sorry, keep one is too strong. Nrf2 is too weak. You don’t make glutathione. So, when a lot of people do that, it’s like, well, I’m gonna take glutathione. Dr. Deb Muth 00:40:51 Right. Bob Miller 00:40:52 And some do great, and some do poorly. You know, because… and I’ll show this on one of the other charts. You can see here that the, The glutathione has to be recycled. And if we don’t recycle it, it actually turns into superoxide free radical. So… NADPH are the cofactors, For taking the oxidi… here’s oxidized glutathione, here’s reduced. So, this is a good glutathione. After it does its job, you can see it becomes oxidized.We need to recycle it. Well, if we have weakness on the enzyme that does that, or a weakness in Nrf2, or not enough NADPH. The oxidized glutathione never gets recycled. So, I’ve talked to a lot of people who said, oh, glutathione made me so sick, and say, well. Dr. Deb Muth 00:41:43 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:41:44 You need it, but you need to recycle it. Dr. Deb Muth 00:41:46 Can you speak for just a brief moment, too, about MTHFR? That is a very popular gene, it’s all over social media as the major gene, but can you speak to a little bit about that, and how that fits into this whole process of things? Because it is just such a small piece. Dr. Deb Muth 00:42:04 understanding genetics. Bob Miller 00:42:06 Yeah, to be honest, it drives me nuts. Dr. Deb Muth 00:42:08 Me too. Bob Miller 00:42:11 Alright, so… You know, there are people on social media I won’t say what I think, I’ll be kind. But… But the, And, you know, they might mean well. But they talk about, if you have MTHFR and COMT and PEMT, that’s… oh my goodness, that’s horrible, and we’ll fix that for you, and you’ll be fine. Bob Miller 00:42:36 it just irritates me to no end. And it really could get anybody who’s doing this legitimately in trouble. I mean, I’m afraid someday, you know, there might be some cracking down on this kind of nonsense. Now, to answer your question about MTHFR. Dr. Deb Muth 00:42:51 I mean, it really is, but I’ll tell you what, why don’t we hold that thought until I go to another map and I can actually… Okay. Bob Miller 00:42:56 But the real… the cliff notes is the MTHFR puts a methyl group on your folate, which is needed, but it has gotten way, way, way too much attention. And people learn they have MTHFR, and they start taking a multivitamin with methylfolate, then they take a B vitamin with methylfolate. Dr. Deb Muth 00:43:13 And they’re pushing it too hard. Bob Miller 00:43:15 Yeah. So I can’t tell you how many people I’ve helped by saying, stop it. Dr. Deb Muth 00:43:20 Yeah, take less of it. Bob Miller 00:43:21 Take less of it, yeah. So, yeah. Yeah, there’s a… If somebody, say, ranked the enzymes at their level of importance, MTHFR might be 40 or 50 on a scale of 100, you know. Keep one Nerf two. big deals. Dr. Deb Muth 00:43:40 deals. Bob Miller 00:43:41 NQO1 that I didn’t even talk about yet, NQO1, takes your, NA… your NAD goes into NADH, To make electrons for the electron transport chain. you need NQ01 to bring that back. If that’s not working, and I’ll show you on the NAD map how disastrous that can be. Now, the next piece is here, and I think You know, if you talk to any school teachers and say, if you’ve taught for more than 10 years, how are the kids today? Every one of them says, more ADD, ADHD, more autism. Just look at human beings, we’ve never been so agitated. You know, everybody, and it might be a social media thing, but people take a position on something, and if anybody doesn’t share that position, they view them as the enemy. Dr. Deb Muth 00:44:29 And it’s kind of scary what’s happening to us. Bob Miller 00:44:33 So, we can’t agree to disagree anymore. We see anybody who has a differing opinion as the enemy. And, you know, there was… there’s people that didn’t have Christmas dinners together, because they had political differences, like… Dr. Deb Muth 00:44:44 Excuse me. Bob Miller 00:44:45 can’t you put your political differences aside to have Christmas together, you know? Dr. Deb Muth 00:44:49 Right? Bob Miller 00:44:50 become that, you know, no matter what your position is, and I’m not saying anyone’s right or wrong, I’m just saying. You know, in the old days, they used to say that the Republicans and Democrats in Congress would argue policy and then go have dinner together. And now everybody’s all up in arms, angry. Dr. Deb Muth 00:45:05 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:45:06 So… There’s likely multiple reasons for that. But let me show you one of them. That, you know, to what degree this is… very important, we don’t know, but I think We’re beginning to believe this is very important. So, there’s something… there’s a neurotransmitter called GABA. And God buys the don’t worry, relax, be happy. Chill. Okay. Dr. Deb Muth 00:45:31 Nobody has enough of that anymore. Bob Miller 00:45:33 Well, yeah, you’ll be surprised what I’m gonna show you. So, let me see if I can find a, Let me see if I can find the right slide here. Let me look for it here. So, there’s something called a GABA receptor site. And here you can see… This is a neuron, and this is where you, The neuron normally is excitatory. However, there’s normally low chloride in the neuron. Dr. Deb Muth 00:46:09 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:46:10 So, GABA itself is neither relaxing. For excitatory, all GABA does, it opens up what’s called a chloride channel. And then chloride, which has a negative charge, will flow into the neuron. Follow me there? Dr. Deb Muth 00:46:26 Yep. Bob Miller 00:46:27 And as it does, it changes this from a positive charge to a negative charge, And it’s relaxing. and inhibitory. Dr. Deb Muth 00:46:34 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:46:36 Now, on the other hand, there’s enzymes called NKCC1, That will push chloride in. and KCC2 that will bring chlor… oops and bring chloride out. And then there’s a sodium channel. And, sodium has a positive charge. And glutamate will push that in. So, as long as this is happening. And GABA says, receptor sites, open, chloride goes in, Chill. However, If NKCC1 Pushes extra chloride in. KCC2 doesn’t pull it out. and GABA hits the receptor site, the GABA comes flowing out, Sodium comes in, And now it’s excitatory. So Gabba didn’t change. GABA just opened the receptor site, that’s all it does. Dr. Deb Muth 00:47:33 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:47:34 But it’s the chloride balance that’s going to determine whether this is relaxing or not. Now, these are the things that go along with when they lose that KCC2 or gain NKCC1. Pain and sensitivity, burning electrical, neuropathic pain. Normal touch hurts. Sound and light sensitivity. Tinnitus can flare. Headaches and migraines. Seizure tendency. Body jolts. Spasticity, cramps, stiffness, startle reflex. Trouble falling asleep, non-restorative sleep. Anxiety, stress, reactivity, that’s what we have now. Hyperarousal, panic-like surges, irritability, racing thoughts. Brain fog, slowed processing, working memory slip-ups. Mental fatigue. Episodes of racing hearts, sweaty palms, guts on edge. Those are all the things that happen when this GABA switch occurs. Now, here’s what happens, and this is what I’m going to be presenting at an autism conference. When you have a newborn, they need that NKCC dominant to develop. By early childhood, it should… or, sorry, early adulthood. we should move over to the KCC dominant, that’s the taking the chloride out. Nice-looking 25-year-old boys, functioning very well. However, when we get microglia M1 upregulated. Because of environmental toxins, processed foods, Tylenol, aluminum. they stay in NKCC1 dominant, and there’s ADD, ADHD, Autism, the whole spectrum. because… They’ve not moved over to the… They’ve not moved over to the KCC2. And again, this is caused by… Environmental factors. Stimulating the microglia. And then, interleukin-1, interleukin-18 weakens KCC2, interleukin-1 beta, Strengthens NKCC1. high chloride. We open up the chloride channel, In Rebell Excitatory. So, I think when, When the pediatricians get ahold of this, they’re going to be very excited to know that This could be why we’re seeing such a rise, and not just autism, but ADD, ADHD, anxiety, the whole shit mess. Dr. Deb Muth 00:49:58 thing. Bob Miller 00:49:59 Yeah, so… and you can see NF-kappa-B stimulates that. These stimulate it, and I think that’s why everyone’s getting so anxious. Now, there’s a little bit more to it, and we’ll get into this when we look at some of the maps, but… The, the glutamate, Which is excitatory. will stimulate the NMDA receptor, make more glutamate, And glutamate will inhibit KCC2. And then we also need an astrocyte To, take both ammonia And glutamate, and… Turn them back into glutamine. And I’m going to talk to you a little bit about arachidenic acid, and if we have too much arachidenic acid. or TNFA is upregulated, that doesn’t happen. Ammonia goes up, and there may be multiple reasons for this, but this is a reason why some of the autistic kids do flapping. Dr. Deb Muth 00:50:49 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:50:50 Because they’re not clearing their ammonia. And you can tell if somebody has high ammonia by… they get that old person smell, you know. Dr. Deb Muth 00:51:00 Yup. Bob Miller 00:51:01 your vehicle cycle’s not taking out the, the ammonia. Now, last pathway here. There’s growing interest in mast cell activation. So, back here, we talked about peroxynitride. And that will stimulate mast cells, and those are white blood cells that are your best friend, unless they’re your worst enemy. Then it’ll make histamine. And there’s enzymes called histidine decarboxylase that’ll make more. Dr. Deb Muth 00:51:28 I’m sure everybody’s heard of DAO, the enzyme that degrades histamine. Yep. Bob Miller 00:51:31 We can have genetic weakness, we don’t make that. There’s an enzyme called histamine and methyltransferase, That, That breaks down the histamine. Then if we don’t do that, it’ll get stuck in the histamine receptor site. And then it’ll make something called, renin. Which will cause angiotensinogen to turn into angiotensin. One, that turns into angiotensin II,And that’s where people make aldosterone, where they’ll get the, The swollen ankles and high blood pressure. But interestingly, there’s an enzyme called ACE2, that takes this guy and turns it into angiotensin 1-7, Which is anti-inflammatory and also inhibits… TNFA. Now, you can have weakness on ACE2, But… and anybody’s saying, that sounds familiar? Dr. Deb Muth 00:52:25 That’s where COVID comes in, using ACE2. Bob Miller 00:52:28 And now we just found there’s literature that if you get COVID long enough, it can actually make ACE2 not be able to work as well. So look what it does. It comes down here, stimulates the NADPH oxidase, More superoxide. More peroxynitrite. And we’re on a cycle here. We’ve actually named this the Home Cycle Hypothesis, the proposed feed-forward loop. That just keeps feeding on itself. All being caused by… Primarily, The environmental factors. But hitting those who have genetic weakness the hardest. That’s why. Dr. Deb Muth 00:53:08 To the people. Bob Miller 00:53:09 Don’t live in a moldy house. One person is sick as can be, and the other person says, well, you must be imagining things, because I don’t feel anything. Dr. Deb Muth Yeah. Same thing with long haul, right? Two people can both get sick, one gets sick and never seems to recover, and somebody else gets sick, and they have absolutely no problems with it at all. Bob Miller 00:53:30 Sure. Well, think about it, if you get COVID, and ACE2 is weak, and some of this other stuff is going on. This thing just starts feeding upon itself. Dr. Deb Muth 00:53:38 Keep creating more inflammation, more complications, nothing’s calming down. Bob Miller 00:53:43 Yeah. Now, you, you ask about, MTHFR. So, this is the, this is the, the software called Functional Genomic Analysis. There’s a demo report we have. So, let’s talk a little bit about, MTHFR. So, we actually have a map called a methylation map. Now, what happens is, when you do your saliva test, you, you know, you spit, you put some saliva. in a collection kit, goes to a lab, takes out the DNA data, sends it to the computer, and now you can actually see it visually. Okay. So, it’s gonna take a second for this, data to load up, it’s, and each of these Circles, each of these ovals, is an enzyme. And the data gets loaded up to see where it is. So, until it gets loaded up here, I didn’t preload this. There it goes. So… The primary thing about methylation is There’s a nasty substance called homocysteine that, if it’s too high, can really be detrimental. The body takes methylfolate, and combines with methyl B12, To bring this back up to methionine. And then through the MAT genes, we make SAMI, S-adml methionine. Which is involved in so many processes. Then after it does its thing, it turns back into homocysteine. And this thing needs to keep spinning around. That’s why, you know, it’s a good idea to keep homocysteine at, do you have a number that you’d like? 7, 8? What do you like for a number? Dr. Deb Muth 00:55:24 Yeah, I like mine below 7. Bob Miller 00:55:26 Yeah. So if the homocysteine goes too high. It, caused all kinds of problems. So, here’s where you ask about the MTHFR. So, here you can see on this individual. I click on MTHFR, and you can see it comes up here, here’s the C677. And you can see here where it says, variants. I’ll… I’ll draw in case somebody’s having a hard time seeing that. So, you can see there’s nothing in there. That means there’s no genetic mutations. If one parent would have given a mutation, there’d be a 1. If both parents did, there’d be a 2. Now, here’s why Yes, methylation is important, I’m not saying it isn’t important, but look at this MTHFRC677. In my software. Only 42.5% of the population does not have a mutation. 44.7% have won. 12.9 have 2. So, this isn’t some rare, oh my god, I’m gonna die… Kind of thing, yeah. Dr. Deb Muth 00:56:27 Right. Bob Miller 00:56:28 So, And then what happens is that, and again, I’m not dismissing methylation, I… we could do a whole show on methylation. Bob Miller 00:56:36 get it. But I think that what people are doing is they’re, they’re learning about MTHFR, they get it measured, they panic. They start taking massive amounts of methylfolate, which many times is to their detriment. Dr. Deb Muth 00:56:50 Well, it’s… and isn’t it true, too, with MTHFR, like, you have to also look at MTR, MTRR, and the more we stack up of those, the more complicated than MTHFR can be. It’s not… it’s not as simple as just saying MTHFR 677 versus 1298. It’s more complex than that, kind of like what you’ve already shown with some of the other things. There’s more to it than just that one little sliver. Bob Miller 00:57:17 Oh, sure, well, let’s take a look. So, remember I said there’s a cofactor? One of the cofactors is called FAD. Just a Bob Miller observation, that’s all. But when people have trouble with their riboflavin and they don’t have enough FAD, They’re doing much worse than people who have just a C677. So, right here, you could have perfect C677th. And if you don’t have the cofactor, it’s not gonna work, okay? Dr. Deb Muth 00:57:48 And as you said, there’s an MTR enzyme. Bob Miller 00:57:51 that takes methylfolate and methyl B12, to spin it around. So, here on this individual. here’s your… here’s your B vitamins, or I’m sorry, your B12s. There’s an enzyme called TCN1 that takes it from the stomach into the blood. Then there’s other enzymes that take it from the blood into the tissue. And if you’re having trouble here. Well, then you’re not going to have this working, so… Even if you don’t have MTHFR, And you have MTR, like this, no, I’m sorry, this person doesn’t. But they have the MTRR, and then they don’t have enough B12, this isn’t gonna work, aside from that. And then there’s a middle pathway. And then there’s enzymes called the MAT1. they take the methionine to the salmon. If that’s not working, we stick… we get stuck in methionine. So, it’s, it’s not just an MTHFR. And then, one of the things that people forget about. is through these CBS enzymes and CTH, We make cysteine, which is needed to make glutathione. The master antioxidant. So, it really is that… I call it the, The 3D chess game played underwater. Dr. Deb Muth 00:59:07 It really is. I mean, I see people who have CVS, COMT, glutathione, MGHFR genes. And some of them function just fine. Like, they have Like, I look at this person and I’m like, oh my gosh, I don’t know how they’re functioning because they’re double mutated on so many pathways, but yet they don’t have a lot of symptoms, they don’t have a lot of complications. Somehow their body has figured out a way to adapt to what it has so it can stay alive and it can function at a high functioning level. Bob Miller 00:59:36 Yeah, and they may be, you know, eating right? Yeah. Staying out of a moldy house. reducing stress. So, it’s diet, it’s stress, it’s genetics, environmental factors. So, yeah, we can’t just say somebody’s gonna be good or somebody’s gonna be bad. You know, some people get scared, oh, I got all these, it’s like, well… Bob Miller 00:59:56 Are you living in a moldy house? You know, and if you live in a moldy house and your glucuronidation pathway doesn’t do well, or if you’re, you know, a smoker, or you’re constantly eating junk food, I mean, all. Bob Miller 01:00:07 things come together. Although, you know, when we focus on genetics, we’re well aware that this is just a piece of it. You know, you could have identical twins, Genetically, and if one… Is exposed to mold and smokes and drinks and stressed out. They’re gonna be a whole lot sicker than their sibling. Bob Miller 01:00:28 Yep. Dr. Deb Muth 01:00:29 Yeah, it’s that concept of taking twins, and one gets raced with one family, and one gets raced with another family, and they don’t have the same… problems that… that each other have, you know? It’s a very unique situation, we don’t think about that enough. Bob Miller 01:00:44 Alright, so again, genetics loads the gun, environment pulls the trigger. So, if you’ve got a loaded gun, but you don’t have the triggers, you’re okay. Dr. Deb Muth 01:00:53 Yeah. Bob Miller 01:00:54 Yeah. So, remember I said I was going to talk about NAD? So, here’s NAD, and what it does, it turns into NADH. And what NADH does, it, Comes down this pathway, what’s called the electron transport chain. And that makes your ATP, that’s your energy. So, if this wasn’t working, we wouldn’t be alive, because we wouldn’t have energy. So it donates an electron, that’s why it’s called electron transport chain. So, we need NAD, To make this, to make the energy. But remember I said that NQ01, this would probably be, like, on my top 10 list of… Bob Miller 01:01:36 Much more important than MTHFR. This one takes NADH back to NAD. If we’re stuck over here, We’re low in this NAD+, But what happens is, NQO1 also provides CoQ10. And CoQ10 Is what’s needed for the electron transport chain to flow. So if we get too many electrons up here. And they don’t turn them into energy. They make a nasty free radical called superoxide. Okay. Now, NAD plus also makes NADPH, And that is needed. Remember I said we need to recycle our antioxidants. So, if we have a problem with FAD from riboflavin. Yeah, we don’t have enough NADPH, Glutathione’s not getting recycled, and you’re gonna be inflamed. And you take glutathione, you’ll feel worse. There’s another enzyme called thimoredoxin. Same thing, needs NADPH and FAD. And same way with your nitric oxide, there’s an enzyme called NOS3, That makes the nitric oxide that dilates your blood vessels. And if we don’t have enough NADPH or fat, You’re gonna make superoxide. Rather than nitric oxide. Now, remember

Hosts: Ed Jones (Owner – Nutrition World) & Clint Powell A variety of topics for living a healthy life Presented by: Nutrition World www.nutritionw.com Broadcasting from the Nooga Dentistry Studio www.noogadentistry.com Production of: Whitfield Media Group www.vitalhealthradio.com Title: Digestive Enzymes, Gut Health, and Omega-3's with Guest Brenda Watson [0:00:00] Show Intro,  National Club Foot Day & Prior Episode Reference Ed mentions National Club Foot Day (previous Wednesday). References a prior Vital Health Radio episode where he strongly criticized a local Chattanooga physician for poor club foot care that nearly harmed his grandson. Ed urges: Anyone with a child/grandchild with club foot seeing providers in Chattanooga  listen to our Feb 15th (2026) episode Contact: NutritionWorld@comcast.net to get details of that show and the physician referenced. Emphasis on truth, empowerment, and avoiding harm from medical “inefficiency and ignorance.” [0:03:58] Delta-8 Gummies, Anxiety/Sleep & Lifespan Extension Concepts Recap of a recent show with Hemp House. Ed explains: Only about three weeks left to legally purchase Delta-8 gummies at Hemp House or Nutrition World. Why someone might use Delta-8: Anxiety Trouble sleeping Need to stay functional but calmer Must find the right dose individually (no standard dosing). Safer than many anti-anxiety drugs when used properly. He is saving several containers in his freezer for future “bumps in the road” (periods of poor sleep or high stress). Notes dogs may benefit for anxiety, thunder phobia, pain, etc., when used correctly and from a trusted company. Ed recommends Dr. David Sinclair's “Lifespan” podcast: Focus on practical drugs, supplements, and lifestyle strategies to extend lifespan. Central concept: cellular repair – if we repaired cells at 50 as well as at 20, lifespan could drastically increase. Key tools Dr. Sinclair highlights (as relayed by Ed): Rapamycin – Ed takes this drug himself; impacts mTOR; can extend lifespan even when started later in life. AMPK activators – sold at Nutrition World; support clearing out old/dysfunctional cells. Resveratrol – mimics some effects of fasting. Hyperbaric oxygen – discussed as a potential lifespan extender. Ed shares Sinclair's animal-longevity illustrations: A mole rat living ~20x longer than regular rats → proves there are mechanisms of extended lifespan. A long-lived whale (Clint jokes and riffs on the name) said to reach ~200 years, suggesting humans might mimic similar mechanisms. [0:08:46] Call for Listener Stories & Introduction of Guest Brenda Watson Ed invites listeners to share personal health recovery stories, especially involving “the Green Pharmacy” (natural, nutritional, and lifestyle approaches, including Nutrition World support). Announced collaboration with Clint Powell on a new podcast: Short, credible motivational/educational stories (5–20 minutes). Focus: “I was in bad shape, now I'm much better” recovery narratives. Participants receive a $50 Nutrition World gift card. Recordings at a studio ~5 minutes from Nutrition World. Introduction of guest Brenda Watson, founder of Vital Planet. Described as a guru of gut health and the microbiome: Leaky gut, SIBO, broad digestive health expertise. Ed recalls her long-running NPR fund-raiser specials on gut health that reached tens of thousands. [0:13:25] Digestive Enzymes, Gut Health & Problems with Acid Blockers Topic: What is an enzyme? Why does it matter? Brenda's explanation: Enzymes “break things apart”: Protease → breaks proteins into amino acids. Amylase → breaks starches into glucose. Lipase → breaks fats into fatty acids. Ideally, stomach, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder work together to digest food into absorbable units. Early digestive symptoms: Heartburn, gas, bloating, etc. Many people self-treat with OTC antacids or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and this often worsens underlying issues. Her main point: For early digestive symptoms, start with a full-spectrum digestive enzyme (protease, amylase, lipase) with meals, not acid-blocking drugs. As we age, natural digestion weakens, compounded by poor food quality. If food is not properly digested: It rots in the gut → gas, overgrowth of “bad bugs”. Contributes to SIBO, leaky gut, and broader dysbiosis. Leads to poor absorption of nutrients and worsening health. Enzymes as Step One: Should be a first-line intervention alongside or even before probiotics. Emphasizes that digestive enzymes for digestion must be taken with meals. Brenda notes she ran a stool test program with 12 people; often saw imbalanced gut bacteria driven by undigested food. Modern enzyme formulations can be more targeted: Gluten-support enzymes. General high-potency formulas. Formulas for dairy and fat, especially for people on keto who need extra fat-digesting support. She reiterates: Poor digestion = bad bacteria, leaky gut, SIBO, multiple gut issues. Digestive enzymes are a “no-brainer” first step when digestive symptoms appear. [0:23:47] Enzymes as a Foundational Strategy & Aging, Pancreas/Bile Physiology Emphasizes: Rotting food analogy: leftover food in a trash can on a 97°F day = what undigested food can be like inside the gut. Even without symptoms, after age ~40–45, enzymes may be wise especially for people who: Overeat Eat a lot of dairy or gluten Notes loose stools and general poor health can be caused by lack of pancreatic enzymes. Shares a case where a client's stool test showed zero pancreatic enzyme production, correlating with constant sickness. You can “get away with” some other health issues, but you cannot have a dysfunctional digestive tract and still expect even average health. Brenda further explains physiology and pH: Stomach should be very acidic (pH ~2) during digestion. When partly digested food moves into the small intestine: Bicarbonate is released to neutralize acid. Pancreas releases enzymes (protease, amylase, lipase). Liver/gallbladder release bile for fat digestion near the same region. If stomach acid is suppressed, the chain reaction is disrupted: Poor enzyme activation. Poor bile function. pH shifts can foster candida and other imbalances (e.g., colon getting too alkaline). She underscores: From mouth to colon, each region needs appropriate pH. Chronic use of acid blockers has long-term downstream consequences. Ed mentions a simple at-home baking soda test to roughly gauge stomach acid (baking soda in water between meals, watching for burping). Important caution: If you're on acid-blocking medications, you must wean off slowly; do not stop abruptly. Nutrition World's pharmacist, Dr. Curt Dearing, helps people step down from PPIs and H2 blockers safely (in partnership with their physicians). [0:30:58] Omega-3s , Purity, and Heart/Brain Health Ed highlights Vital Omega (Vital Planet): #1 selling product at Nutrition World. Exceptional purity and transparency (heavy emphasis on contaminant-free sourcing). Very high potency (2350 mg of EPA/DHA per serving). No “fish burp” complaints and virtually no returns. Contains lipase enzyme to support fat digestion and further reduce digestive discomfort. Omega blood tests on customers show high omega-3 levels when using this brand. Brenda agrees: Omega-3s are critical at any age, especially in today's toxic environment. You might skip a multivitamin, but you should not skip omega-3s. Ed's additional points: Olive oil and flax oil are not the same as concentrated EPA/DHA. EPA/DHA are essential for cell membranes, cardiovascular health, and cognitive function. Warns of contaminated fish oil from polluted waters (mercury, heavy metals, etc.). Website plug for Vital Planet: VitalPlanet.com for education, and product details. Ed reiterates his respect for Brenda's decades of ethical, passionate work and says they'll have her back on again.   [0:38:54] Lifestyle, Local Food, Pillows, and Environmental Toxins Ed and Clint return; Ed summarizes the show's philosophy: Better aging is about strength, clarity, mobility, energy, not just added years. Introduces term “peak span”, maximizing the years we're at peak function, not just lifespan. Critiques normalization of poor health (hunched posture, chronic pain, poor sleep, anxiety) as “just getting old.” Local food talk: Discussion of Tallow House in Cleveland (burger restaurant, cousin of Tony from Portofino). Two-hour waits, excellent reviews, smash burgers, buns from Neidlovs bakery. Dust mites and pillows: Ed cites data that about 1/3 of a pillow can be dead skin + dust mites over time. Many pillows also contain fire retardant chemicals leading to chronic exposure while sleeping. Ed searched for non-toxic pillows via Mamavation: A site that tests products for chemical residues and rates them. His previous pillow (from Avocado) came out top-rated, so he bought a new Avocado pillow. Recommends buying via Mammovation's affiliate link for a small discount. [0:44:00] Essential Oils, Green Pharmacy & Polypharmacy Ed on essential oils quality: A test of 20 lavender oils from Amazon found: Only 3 were pure. 17 were diluted/contaminated with other oils. Smell alone isn't a reliable indicator of quality. Nutrition World only carries brands with Certificates of Analysis; dropped an entire line a few years back over quality concerns. Ed shares a Taiwanese blood pressure study: 58 adults with high blood pressure, many on meds. wore a face mask with a cotton pad containing small amounts of real lavender oil for 15 minutes/day over 7 days. Result: systolic blood pressure reduced by ~10 points. A placebo (fake) oil did not reduce blood pressure. One-day use showed no benefit – consistent use was required. He frames this as an example of the “Green Pharmacy”: Mentions Dr. Curt Dearing (pharmacist at Nutrition World): Helps people review and rationalize medication lists, with the goal of reducing polypharmacy in collaboration with prescribing doctors. References a recent Vital Health Radio episode on polypharmacy (average American takes ~17 prescriptions per year). [0:56:48] Meditation, Mindset, Ancient Wisdom & Fulfillment Story from the Daily Stoic: Kurt Vonnegut and Joseph Heller at a billionaire's party: Vonnegut points out the host made more money yesterday than Heller's Catch-22 ever did. Heller replies he has something the billionaire never will: “the knowledge that I've got enough.” Ed uses this to emphasize: The power of knowing you have enough. Shifting from chasing money to working for fulfillment once basics are covered. Clint adds: You must learn to be content with what you have while still pursuing goals. More stuff doesn't automatically create a content person. Ed reads a longer reflection on “ancient wisdom” vs. modern medicine: Fundamental philosophy: alignment with nature. Humans thrived for millennia without pharmaceuticals (acknowledges infectious disease issues before hygiene and antibiotics). Nearly every drug has unintended consequences and rarely treats root causes. Cites estimate: medical errors as the 3rd leading cause of death in the US (~250,000 deaths/year). Notes ~90% of American calories now come from processed foods and seed oils Argues seed oils are among the most destructive components of the modern diet. Many cardiologists still recommend them as heart-healthy, highlighting the conflict between mainstream and holistic views. Plug for Ed's book: “Are You Sick and Tired of Being Sick and Tired” available at TheHolisticNavigator.com, built around ancient wisdom.  The post Radio Show / Podcast – June 7, 2026 first appeared on Vital Health Radio.

I del 2 med Professor Maria Strömme riktar vi fokuset mot vetenskapen bakom ett längre, friskare och starkare liv. Varför har evolutionen egentligen slutat bry sig om oss efter 30? Kan träning fungera som ett läkemedel? Och finns det redan idag behandlingar som skulle kunna förlänga människans livslängd avsevärt?Maria förklarar hur högintensiv träning stimulerar hjärnans nybildning av nervceller, varför lågintensiv träning bygger kroppens energifabriker och hur periodisk fasta kan aktivera kroppens egna städprocesser. Vi pratar också om mTOR – ett av kroppens viktigaste system för åldrande – och det omtalade läkemedlet Rapamycin som i studier visat stor potential för ökad livslängd.Dessutom avslöjar Maria hur blodsockret påverkar våra gener, varför fibrer kan vara ett av de enklaste biohacken för bättre hälsa och hur missförstånd kring östrogenbehandling har påverkat miljontals kvinnor i klimakteriet. Hon riktar även kritik mot dagens sjukvård och menar att vi måste gå från att behandla sjukdomar till att förebygga dem långt innan de uppstår.Vi pratar också om varför blodprover inte alltid berättar hela sanningen, hur vagusnerven kan hjälpa oss att hantera stress, varför ensamhet är en av våra största hälsorisker och hur en varierad kost med många olika växter kan stärka både tarmflora och immunförsvar.Ett fullmatat avsnitt om longevity, biohacking och framtidens hälsa – med konkreta råd som kan hjälpa dig att må bättre redan idag.Läs mer om Maria här Lyssna på första avsnittet med Maria härLäs mer om Framgångsakademin här.Ta del av Framgångsakademins kurser.Beställ "Mitt Framgångsår".Följ Alexander Pärleros på Instagram.Följ Alexander Pärleros på Tiktok.Bästa tipsen från avsnittet i Nyhetsbrevet. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

I del 2 med Professor Maria Strömme riktar vi fokuset mot vetenskapen bakom ett längre, friskare och starkare liv. Varför har evolutionen egentligen slutat bry sig om oss efter 30? Kan träning fungera som ett läkemedel? Och finns det redan idag behandlingar som skulle kunna förlänga människans livslängd avsevärt?Maria förklarar hur högintensiv träning stimulerar hjärnans nybildning av nervceller, varför lågintensiv träning bygger kroppens energifabriker och hur periodisk fasta kan aktivera kroppens egna städprocesser. Vi pratar också om mTOR – ett av kroppens viktigaste system för åldrande – och det omtalade läkemedlet Rapamycin som i studier visat stor potential för ökad livslängd.Dessutom avslöjar Maria hur blodsockret påverkar våra gener, varför fibrer kan vara ett av de enklaste biohacken för bättre hälsa och hur missförstånd kring östrogenbehandling har påverkat miljontals kvinnor i klimakteriet. Hon riktar även kritik mot dagens sjukvård och menar att vi måste gå från att behandla sjukdomar till att förebygga dem långt innan de uppstår.Vi pratar också om varför blodprover inte alltid berättar hela sanningen, hur vagusnerven kan hjälpa oss att hantera stress, varför ensamhet är en av våra största hälsorisker och hur en varierad kost med många olika växter kan stärka både tarmflora och immunförsvar.Ett fullmatat avsnitt om longevity, biohacking och framtidens hälsa – med konkreta råd som kan hjälpa dig att må bättre redan idag.Läs mer om Maria här Lyssna på första avsnittet med Maria härLäs mer om Framgångsakademin här.Ta del av Framgångsakademins kurser.Beställ "Mitt Framgångsår".Följ Alexander Pärleros på Instagram.Följ Alexander Pärleros på Tiktok.Bästa tipsen från avsnittet i Nyhetsbrevet. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

I tested ProLon, the fasting-mimicking diet, against a 5-day sardine fast, ran my own bloodwork, and got the opposite result I expected. ProLon is the best-known version of the fasting-mimicking diet (FMD), a 5-day, low-calorie, plant-based protocol developed from Dr. Valter Longo's research at USC. The sardine fast is the cheap, unbranded version people keep hyping online. I ran both on myself about a month apart, kept calories low on each, and tracked the same markers throughout: IGF-1, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, glucose, ketones, and glucose ketone index. I was sure the premium protocol would win. I had spent years studying these pathways and expected the plant-based, low-protein design to be the real driver. A few cans of fish gave me the opposite answer. What you'll see in this podcast:  The exact lab data that flipped my prediction IGF-1 side by side: the FMD dropped mine 55 points, the sardine fast dropped it 88 How the sardine fast drove me into a deeper ketotic state than the $200 kit Where my fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, glucose, ketones, and GKI landed on each protocol A clearer way to understand mTOR and autophagy Why autophagy is not the on-off switch the internet claims Why a little of the right protein may help protect lean muscle during a deficit What this means for clinicians who want metabolic interventions patients can actually afford About: I'm Andrew Reid. I founded Medgeeks in 2013, and for the last five years, I've been rebuilding how I think about chronic disease from the cell up. My goal is to treat nutrition as a real therapeutic intervention, held to the same standard of rigor we expect from pharmaceuticals. Subscribe for nutrition held to a higher standard, with real data and honest answers even when they're inconvenient. Here's everything I'm building → https://medgeeks.co/ Disclaimer: This is an N of 1 experiment on my own physiology, shared for educational purposes only. It is not medical advice. A protocol like this is not right for everyone, especially if you are lean, managing a chronic condition, or taking medication. Talk with your healthcare provider before attempting any form of fasting or significant dietary change. 

You do the work. You train, you sleep, you eat well, you manage stress. And yet your joints still ache, recovery takes longer, and something just feels harder than it used to.I sit down with David Watumull, co-founder and CEO of AX3, to talk about astaxanthin, a naturally occurring antioxidant he has spent his entire career studying, one that most people have never heard of despite having more than 4,000 peer-reviewed papers and 100 human clinical trials behind it.This is not a conversation about the latest wellness trend. It's a deep look at the science of oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and what actually happens inside your cells when the damage accumulates faster than your body can repair it.What we explore:- Why astaxanthin is categorically different from vitamins C and E, and how it works at every layer of the cell without ever becoming pro-oxidant.- How chronic inflammation starts with oxidative stress upstream, and why blocking it at the source is safer than suppressing the immune response after the fact.- Why this ingredient was one of only five agents in a 20-year NIH-funded program to extend mammalian lifespan by over 10 percent while also showing health span benefits.- How astaxanthin protects joints, muscles, and mitochondrial energy production, and what the data on competitive cyclists actually demonstrates.- What to look for in a supplement, why bioavailability determines whether you absorb anything at all, and how to build astaxanthin into a foundational daily stack.Chapters: 00:00 Intro03:30 Why Astaxanthin Isn't Like Other Antioxidants07:14 The Algae Origins of Astaxanthin11:22 Salmon, the Food Chain, and Nature's Design15:00 From Pharma Research to Supplement18:21 The NIH Longevity Study Explained23:15 mTOR, FOXO3, and the Aging Pathways29:10 Safe Anti-Inflammatory for Joints and Athletes35:15 Brain Protection and the Blood-Brain Barrier38:02 Skin Health and Sun Damage from the Inside45:00 Redox Balance and Liver Protection48:35 Mitochondria, Energy, and Endurance Performance53:00 How to Stack Astaxanthin with Other Supplements57:10 Dosing, Bioavailability, and What Sets AX3 Apart01:07:00 Why David Watumull Went All-In on One IngredientAbout David Watumull:David Watumull is the co-founder and CEO of AX3, a supplement company built on more than two decades of astaxanthin research. He was introduced to the ingredient as a teenager working on algae ponds on the Big Island of Hawaii, and has spent his career advancing its science through pharmaceutical-grade manufacturing, NIH-funded longevity studies, and peer-reviewed cardiovascular research. His work sits at the intersection of rigorous science and practical supplementation, and it shows.Connect with David Watumull:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/davewatumull–This episode is sponsored by:AX3: Visit ax3.life and use code GABBY for 20% OFF your first orderWebsite: https://www.ax3.lifeInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/ax3.life–The Gabby Reece ShowThis is where I have real conversations with the people I find most worth listening to: scientists, athletes, coaches, parents, and thinkers who are doing the hard work of building a life that holds up over time. No hacks. No quick fixes. Just honest, practical conversations about performance, longevity, relationships, and what it actually takes to show up well at every age.If you are here, you probably already know that health is not a destination. It is how you live. I am glad you are along for it.Connect with Gabby Reece:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/gabbyreece/TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@gabbyreeceofficialWebsite: https://gabriellereece.comPlease note that this episode may contain paid endorsements and advertisements for products and services. Individuals on the show may have a direct or indirect financial interest in products or services referred to in this episode.Produced by Dear Media.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Quando si parla di menopausa, quasi tutti pensano al peso.Alla bilancia.Alla pancia.Alle difficoltà nel dimagrire.Ma c'è un problema molto più pericoloso che spesso passa completamente inosservato ⚠️La perdita di massa muscolare.E il punto è che non te ne accorgi subito.Non senti dolore.Non hai sintomi evidenti.Ma anno dopo anno il tuo corpo cambia struttura, forza, metabolismo e capacità di reagire.Ed è qui che entra in gioco la sarcopenia.In questo episodio il Dott. Lorenzo Vieri affronta uno dei temi più sottovalutati della menopausa: la perdita progressiva di muscolo e la cosiddetta resistenza anabolica

What if your skin could literally rebuild itself from the inside out? In this episode, we break down one of the most powerful and misunderstood biological processes in the human body: autophagy.From its Nobel Prize-winning discovery to the molecular machinery that drives it, we walk you through exactly what autophagy is, how it works at the cellular level, and why it matters far more than most people realize for skin aging.We explore the two master switches that control autophagy, mTOR and AMPK, and how the constant tug of war between them determines whether your cells are in build mode or cleanup mode. We also explain why most people in the modern world are stuck in permanent mTOR activation, and what that means for how their skin ages over time.This is Part 1 of our deep dive. In Part 2, we go skin-specific and break down exactly how autophagy renews your skin at the tissue level.What's Discussed:(0:19) The "phoenix process": the cellular mechanism rebuilding your skin from the inside out(3:14) What autophagy actually means, and why the science world ignored it for 30 years(4:47) How baker's yeast cracked the code that won the 2016 Nobel Prize(7:14) Inside a single skin cell: the step-by-step breakdown of how autophagy actually works(10:22) Why autophagy is not destruction, and what this means for your collagen supplements(16:44) The two master switches controlling whether your cells build or clean(20:10) The everyday habit silencing your body's most powerful anti-aging system(26:17) Why aging skin isn't broken, it has just never been told to cleanResources Mentioned:Biohacking Beauty Podcast: Ben Azadi: Why 93% of Americans Are Aging Too Fast + What to Do About It: podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ben-azadiFind more from Young Goose:Use code PODCAST10 to get 10% OFF your first purchase, and if you're a returning customer use the code PODCAST5 to get 5% OFF at younggoose.comInstagram: @young_goose_skincare

Get your essential amino acids HERE and use promo code JASON for 10% off30 Grams of Protein at Breakfast: The Simple Habit for Metabolism, Muscle, and Longevity In this Healthy CEO podcast episode, Jason argues that “winning the morning” includes strategically timing nutrition, especially getting at least 30 grams of protein at breakfast, to improve metabolism, body composition, energy, and aging. He challenges the assumption that skipping breakfast or only drinking coffee until noon is always healthier, noting research suggesting how you break a fast affects fat loss, muscle preservation, metabolic health, cognitive performance, and longevity. He explains protein's benefits—higher thermic effect, better blood sugar stability, and greater satiety—and links muscle to healthy aging, citing age-related muscle loss and the role of mTOR and leucine (about 2.5–3 grams per meal). He gives breakfast protein examples and suggests essential amino acids as a practical option for intermittent fasters to support muscle without a full meal, recommending a one-week experiment. 00:00 Morning Protein Setup 01:02 30g Breakfast Challenge 01:44 Fasting and Metabolism 02:54 Why 30g Works 03:56 Muscle and mTOR 05:05 What 30g Looks Like 05:24 EAAs for Intermittent Fasters 06:57 Longevity and Weekly Experiment 08:10 Wrap Up and Disclaimer

Linoleic acid (LA), a ubiquitous omega-6 fat in Western diets, may directly influence aggressive cancer growth by activating specific cellular pathways, according to recent animal research High levels of LA, found predominantly in ultraprocessed foods, vegetable oils, and many packaged snacks, may contribute to cancer risk The research shows that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells in animal models thrive on LA because it appears to trigger mTOR signaling, a pathway linked to rapid tumor growth To support cellular health, consider reducing your daily LA intake by less than 5 grams per day by limiting ultraprocessed foods, nuts, seeds, and conventionally raised meats Swapping high-LA foods for more stable, healthier fats and targeted carbohydrates may support energy production and may help lower the inflammatory load that research associates with cancer progression

In this week's episode, Blood editor Dr. Laurie Sehn interviews Drs. Reuben Kapur and Robert Campbell on their latest articles published in Blood. This episode highlights two groundbreaking studies exploring how inflammation drives serious blood and immune-related diseases. In the first interview, Dr. Kapur discusses how inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can both promote and worsen clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), with large-scale human data and mouse models identifying REF1 as a key mediator and potential therapeutic target. The second segment features Dr. Campbell, who explains how heme released during malaria infection activates platelet mTOR signaling, intensifying cerebral malaria and suggesting new avenues for platelet-targeted treatments. Together, the conversations reveal how inflammatory pathways and immune signaling contribute to disease progression while opening the door to novel precision therapies. 

IN THIS EPISODE   We've been told weight loss is simple: "Eat less and move more." And if you can't… it must be a willpower problem.   But Dr. Mark Hyman says this story doesn't match what we're seeing in real life… or what the science actually shows.   In this episode of the ReThink Health Podcast, I sit down with Dr. Hyman to unpack the real drivers behind stubborn weight gain (and why so many people feel like their body is working against them).   We talk about how today's food environment is built around ultra-processed, hyper-palatable ingredients that don't just add calories; they change your biology, disrupt appetite signals, and push the body toward insulin resistance and fat storage.   You'll also hear Dr. Hyman's grounded take on the "fat vs. carbs" debate, why food quality matters more than diet labels, and what simple shifts actually move the needle — without shame, extremes, or perfectionism.   You'll learn:   Why "calories in, calories out" doesn't explain stubborn weight gain   How ultra-processed foods can hijack hunger, energy, and cravings   The #1 dietary driver behind metabolic dysfunction (and why bread isn't "better" than sugar)   Why vilifying fat backfired — and what matters most instead   How insulin resistance can make you hungrier and less motivated to move   Why meat isn't the villain… but quality absolutely matters   The "Goldilocks" approach to longevity: mTOR, autophagy, and realistic fasting windows   What Dr. Hyman considers the most impactful rule of thumb for eating well   Why personal responsibility alone is a broken framework in a highly addictive food environment   If you've ever felt like you're "doing everything right" and still not losing weight, this conversation will help you understand what's really going on… and give you a way forward that feels sane, practical, and empowering.   VALUABLE RESOURCES   Paleovalley 100% Grass Fed Whey Protein with Colostrum   >>> Support lean muscle, metabolism, and steady energy with a clean, highly bioavailable protein — plus colostrum for gut + immune support. Save up to 20% on Paleovalley 100% Grass Fed Whey Protein with Colostrum.   Mark Hyman, MD is a practicing physician and a leading voice in functional medicine. He is a New York Times bestselling author and an advocate for food-as-medicine approaches that address the root causes of chronic disease. Dr. Hyman focuses on how modern diets and food systems shape metabolism, inflammation, brain health, and long-term wellness — and how simple, evidence-informed shifts in food quality can create profound changes in health.   THANKS FOR LISTENING!   Thanks so much for joining us this week! Have feedback or a question? Email us at support@paleovalley.com — we'd love to hear from you.   If you enjoyed this episode, please share it with someone who might benefit from the information.   Following the ReThink Health Podcast on YouTube, Spotify, or iTunes helps us reach more people who need to hear this and keeps you updated on new episodes. Likes, subscribes, ratings, and reviews are incredibly helpful and deeply appreciated — we read every single one! Let's spread this knowledge and help others together. See you next time!   100% Grass Fed Whey Protein with Colostrum >>> Support lean muscle, metabolism, and steady energy with a clean, highly bioavailable protein — plus colostrum for gut + immune support. Save up to 20% on Paleovalley 100% Grass Fed Whey Protein with Colostrum.

Could the "weight-loss shots" everyone is talking about actually be the next big breakthrough in cancer prevention? In this week's episode of the FMI podcast, I'm joined once again by our Chief Medical Officer, Dr. Mark Holthouse. While Dr. H is a world-renowned expert in hormone health and cardiometabolic medicine, today we are diving into a topic that is reshaping the future of longevity: the direct link between obesity-related cancers and GLP-1 medications. We recently learned that colon cancer is now the leading cause of cancer death for men and women under 50. It's a sobering statistic, but there is hope in the evolving science of metabolic medicine. In this episode, we discuss: The "Four Horsemen" of Aging: Why cardiovascular disease, cancer, dementia, and insulin resistance are all driven by the same cellular pathways. GLP-1s Beyond Weight Loss: How medications like Semaglutide and Tirzepatide work at the cellular level to potentially reduce tumor volume and progression. The "New Kid on the Block": A deep dive into Retatrutide, the experimental triple-agonist showing even more dramatic results in preclinical models. Obesity-Related Cancers: Why fatty liver, chronic inflammation, and nutrient-sensing pathways (like mTOR) create a "pro-cancer milieu." The "Foundational Four": Why, despite all the medical breakthroughs, sleep, clean eating, stress management, and exercise remain the ultimate levers for health. Dr. Holthouse also shares his "minimalist" approach to detoxification and why he's more interested in "reining patients in" from expensive gadgets to focus on what actually moves the needle. Whether you are interested in the latest longevity science or simply looking for ways to lower your family's risk of chronic disease, this conversation is packed with "root cause" insights you won't want to miss.

In this episode, Ben and Giacomo are joined by Dr. Michael Greger to discuss one of the most debated topics in nutrition and fitness: protein intake. The conversation covers how much protein we actually need, the potential longevity tradeoffs of excessive protein consumption, and why plant protein may offer unique advantages compared to animal protein.Dr. Greger explains the role of methionine restriction, IGF-1, and mTOR in aging, while also emphasizing the importance of resistance training and muscle mass for long-term health. The group discusses fall prevention, balance training, sarcopenia, insulin sensitivity, and the challenges of communicating science in today's attention economy.The episode wraps up with practical nutrition advice, thoughts on protein powders versus whole foods, and Dr. Greger's enthusiasm for broccoli sprouts and sulforaphane-rich foods.Dr. Greger's Bio: Dr. Michael Greger is a physician, internationally recognized nutrition speaker, and founding Fellow of the American College of Lifestyle Medicine. He runs the nonprofit NutritionFacts.org, which provides free evidence-based nutrition videos and articles. A graduate of Cornell University and Tufts University School of Medicine, Dr. Greger has lectured at the World Bank, testified before Congress, and served as an expert witness in Oprah Winfrey's “meat defamation” trial. He is the bestselling author of How Not to Die, How Not to Diet, and How Not to Age. All proceeds from his books and speaking engagements are donated to charity.

In this episode, Dr. Jockers breaks down the science of autophagy and mTOR, two crucial processes for cellular repair and growth. Learn how balancing these pathways is key to slowing down aging and optimizing longevity. Discover the powerful impact of fasting, exercise, and ketosis on activating autophagy and inhibiting mTOR. Dr. Jockers explains how these strategies help reduce inflammation and promote healthy muscle mass. You'll also hear about the best foods and supplements to support your body's natural healing processes. From polyphenols to intermittent fasting, this episode gives you the tools to boost cellular regeneration and maintain vitality. In This Episode:  00:00 Autophagy Basics 00:23 Podcast Intro and Resources 03:28 mTOR Explained 04:21 Autophagy and AMPK 05:11 Longevity Risks and Balance 07:10 How to Inhibit mTOR 08:55 What Increases mTOR 12:21 Exercise Spring Load Strategy 13:22 Fasting Window and Meals 16:17 Longevity Takeaways and Outro   Unwind with Purality Health's KSM 66 Ashwagandha, clinically proven to reduce stress and improve overall health. Its advanced nano-absorption technology ensures you get this ancient herb's full benefits. Experience better sleep, enhanced memory, and a calmer mindset. Enjoy a special buy one, get one free offer now! Each order comes with a six-month satisfaction guarantee. Visit longevityroot.com/drj to claim your deal and start feeling less stressed today. Say goodbye to unhealthy cooking oils and elevate your meals with Kettle & Fire's 100% grass-fed beef tallow. Free from seed oils and preservatives, it's the cleanest, healthiest fat you can use for cooking. With a high smoke point of 420°F, it's perfect for grilling, roasting, and sautéing, bringing both great flavor and nutritional benefits. For a limited time, enjoy 25% off sitewide with the code DRJOCKERS at checkout. Visit kettleandfire.com/drjockers to shop now!   "Autophagy clears out what's broken so your body can rebuild stronger, cleaner, and more efficient cells." ~ Dr. Jockers   Subscribe to the podcast on: Apple Podcast Stitcher Spotify PodBean TuneIn Radio     Resources: Visit renewyourhair.com/drj to claim your exclusive offer Visit kettleandfire.com/doctorjockers with the code DRJOCKERS   Connect with Dr. Jockers: Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/drjockers/ Facebook – https:/www.facebook.com/DrDavidJockers YouTube – https://www.youtube.com/user/djockers Website – https://drjockers.com/   If you are interested in being a guest on the show, we would love to hear from you! Please contact us here! - https://drjockers.com/join-us-dr-jockers-functional-nutrition-podcast/ 

Your cells start failing at 35. Dr Sandra Kaufmann reveals the 7 systems breaking down — and how to stop it. Your cells start failing at 35. Dr Sandra Kaufmann reveals the 7 systems breaking down — and how to stop it.

Your day is getting programmed whether you choose it or not, and the “golden hours” after waking and before sleep are where that programming sticks. I walk through what's happening in the brain and nervous system during those windows, why we're more suggestible and neuroplastic, and how a few small choices can shift your baseline from reactive to regulated. If your mornings start with scrolling, stress, and quick dopamine hits, you may be teaching your body to crave agitation, distraction, and tunnel vision all day long.I share my flexible, repeatable morning routine built around spirit, mind, and body: meditation done out of bed, intention setting that acts like a GPS for your subconscious, and gratitude to create heart-brain coherence. We also talk about discipline versus willpower, how to create natural dopamine through learning, and how movement and breathwork help clear cortisol so you can think bigger, feel steadier, and respond instead of react. These are practical nervous system regulation tools you can adapt to any season of life.Then we pivot to a topic I'm seeing everywhere: protein. Can you overdo it? Absolutely. I explain why protein can still drive insulin, how excess can spill over into glucose production and fat storage, and which symptoms can signal “too much” for your body, from digestion and dehydration to sleep disruption and hot flashes. We zoom out into pathways, not just macros, comparing mTOR and IGF-1 growth signaling with AMPK, ketosis, and autophagy so you can balance building muscle with cellular repair, metabolic health, and long-term longevity.If you're ready to stop copying influencers and start listening to your biofeedback, press play, then subscribe, and share this with a friend who's stuck in health noise!To work one-on-one with me, you can apply HERE!To get notified as soon as groups open up and other updates sign up/subscribe here:https://stacy-baker.mykajabi.com/opt-in-9cffc5f4-f006-4adb-a0a7-6c33a0698b4bResources mentioned:Ketone and Blood Sugar Testing MasterclassKetone TestingRa Optics (Code DRSTACYND) blue light blockersHigher Dose (my FAV sauna blanket with low to no EMF) code DRSTACYCGM *2 months free with code DRSTACYStructured/Living Water *code DRSTACYSpring Aqua (my FAV water system) For more from me, follow me on IG @dr.stacy.ndEpisodes Mentioned: Dairy Paradox/Insulin Impact Calorie Deficit versus FastingThank you for listening! This information is just that; information only - not to be taken as medical advice. Please contact your primary care before changing anything to your routine. This information is not mean to diagnose, treat, or cure disease.

Dr. Thomas Jansson, the 2026 winner of the March of Dimes Agnes Higgins Award in Maternal-Fetal Nutrition, the Vice Chair of Research for the University of Colorado Anschutz Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the department's Florence Crozier Cobb Endowed Professor and Chief of the Division of Reproductive Sciences, discusses his research showing that contrary to popular belief, it is not the fetus, but a placental protein signaling hub called mTOR, that is the primary architect of fetal growth.

You broke a 5-day dry fast. Two days later, you've got a cold sore, a shingles patch, or that crushing post-mono fatigue is back. Almost everyone blames the fast. They're looking at the wrong window.The dry fast is the safest period your immune system experiences all year. Autophagy is destroying virus-occupied cells. Ketones starve viruses of the glucose metabolism they need. mTOR (the growth signal viruses hijack to replicate) is shut down. And NK cell activity is climbing. Inside that fasted state, viral replication is mechanically and metabolically near-impossible. That's why most people don't flare during the fast itself.The danger is the refeed. The moment food comes back, mTOR turns back on, autophagy shuts off, your T-cells are still parked in bone marrow, cortisol is still peaking, and T3 is still crashed. For 24 to 72 hours your antiviral defences are at zero — and any virus that survived the fast now has an open road to refill the reservoirs the fast just cleared. Worse, it can spread to nerve cells it never previously occupied.In this video I break down:— Why the dry fast creates a near-impenetrable antiviral state (4 mechanisms)— Why the refeed is the highest-risk window in the entire protocol (5 mechanisms)— Why a botched refeed leaves chronically ill patients MORE infected than they started— The bridge strategy: dry fast → water fast → controlled refeed with antivirals already on board— The full pharmacological stack: T3, L-lysine, monolaurin, acyclovir, ivermectin— Early warning signs of reactivation in the refeed window (and what to do)— Why this gets dramatically easier from cycle 3 onward— The T3 off-ramp as the second high-risk window most people missThis isn't a reason to fear fasting. It's the map of when the danger window opens and how to close it before food can.

We are currently witnessing the largest mass-weight-loss event in human history, but at what cost to our longevity? This episode dives into the Sarcopenia Crisis, where users are losing up to 40% of their total weight from lean muscle tissue. We discuss why "skinny" does not equal "healthy" if you are sacrificing your metabolic engine. Learn the biohacking protocols required to stay "biologically young" while on a GLP-1, including the critical role of mTOR activation, resistance training, and why your grip strength might be the most important metric you aren't tracking.Thank you for listening to Psychology Celebrity Pulse. This episode is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a substitute for professional mental health care or diagnosis. We do not diagnose public figures or provide individualized clinical advice. If you're struggling with mental health concerns, please reach out to a qualified licensed professional in your area. If you enjoyed today's discussion, please subscribe, rate, and review the show — it helps others discover it. You can also follow us for updates on new episodes. We'll be back soon with more psychological insights on culture and celebrity. Until then, stay curious and take care.”

Brian Kennedy is one of the world's leading researchers studying the biology of aging.In this conversation, we break down what longevity science actually shows about extending healthy lifespan and the everyday habits that appear to influence how we age.Dr. Brian shares insights from decades of aging research, explaining how scientists study longevity, how interventions like rapamycin and biological age testing are evaluated, and how lifestyle factors such as exercise, nutrition, fasting, and sleep continue to shape the foundation of long-term health.Join the most comprehensive *female-specific community for health and longevity optimization.* After over a decade dedicated to human performance and women's health, I created this space to share everything you need to know to optimize health and lifespan. Inside, you'll get access to exclusive protocols, live Q&As, the latest female longevity science, and a private, supportive community of like-minded women.https://kayla-barnes-lentz.circle.so/checkout/become-a-member5 key longevity habits discussed in this episode:- Exercise and physical activity- Nutrition and metabolic health- Energy balance and fasting- Sleep and recovery- Longevity interventions and emerging therapiesTogether, these factors form the foundation researchers believe will have the greatest impact on healthspan as longevity science continues to evolve.Connect with Kayla:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kaylabarnes/TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@femalelongevityTwitter:https://x.com/femalelongevityWebsite:https://www.kaylabarnes.com/Spotify:https://open.spotify.com/show/4OLWWn22...Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...Follow Her Female Protocol: https://www.protocol.kaylabarnes.comLearn more about Dr. Brian Kennedy:LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/brian-kennedy-69777318/Website: https://medicine.nus.edu.sg/trp/healthy-longevity/

Send us Fan MailMost pet owners trust that regular vet visits, decent food, and a joint supplement are enough. Dr. Kevin Toman spent 35 years practicing that model. He doesn't believe it anymore.After four decades in clinical medicine, a personal MGUS diagnosis that pushed him toward integrative care, and a growing awareness of how poorly the profession was serving aging pets, he rebuilt his practice entirely around longevity. He now runs one of the only concierge veterinary practices in the country focused on extending healthspan, not just managing disease.If you don't have a pet, stay with this one. The conversation keeps landing back in the same place: the principles driving longevity in dogs and cats are the same ones driving it in humans. Rapamycin, caloric restriction, early cancer diagnostics, dental inflammation as a systemic disease driver, the failure of reactive medicine. Dr. Toman is applying an identical framework to a different patient population, and in some cases the data is cleaner because the studies are easier to run.Dr. Kevin White sits down with Dr. Toman to cover rapamycin's role in preventing and treating cancer in dogs and cats, why he's using it preventively in asymptomatic patients, why glucosamine and chondroitin don't work and what the research actually supports, how breed-specific risk changes everything about how a patient should be managed, the cancer navigation crisis facing pet owners in rural areas, and where early cancer diagnostics are heading for both species."The relationships and the holistic care that are so important to lifestyle and longevity have disappeared from the veterinary lexicon."This one covers more ground than most pet health conversations get anywhere near.Find more from Dr. Toman at helpingpetslivelonger.com and freevetcall.comAnd follow The Daily Apple and leave a review to help more people find the show. Instagram: @KevinWhiteMD YouTube: @KevinWhiteMDwww.primehealthassociates.com  Prime Health Associates

"We inhibited a brain region and connectivity went up. I thought it was an artifact..."Dr. Alessandro Gozzi is a systems neuroscientist investigating how the brain functions as an integrated network and how disruptions in that network relate to behavior and mental health. He is Senior Scientist and Group Leader of the Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory at the Italian Institute of Technology in Rovereto, Italy. His research combines fMRI, functional ultrasound imaging, optogenetics, chemogenetics, electrophysiology, and computational modeling to decode the neural underpinnings of brain connectivity in rodent models, with the goal of bridging circuit-level findings to human psychopathology.In this conversation, Dr. Gozzi unpacks what resting-state fMRI connectivity actually reflects and why the answer may be more surprising than the field assumes. Drawing on a series of elegant chemogenetic and pharmacological manipulations in mice, he reveals how regional excitability, rather than direct synaptic communication, may be a dominant driver of the connectivity patterns we observe. Within this context, the conversation explores the paradoxical relationship between neural silencing and hyperconnectivity, the evolutionary conservation of brain networks across species, and what rodent models of autism can and cannot tell us about human psychiatric disorders. Join the conversation to discover how mechanistic animal studies are reshaping our understanding of human brain connectivity.We hope you enjoy this episode!Chapters:00:00 - Introduction to Dr. Alessandro Gozzi05:12 - Gozzi's Unconventional Journey into Neuroscience13:17 - Transitioning from Industry to Academia20:49 - The Relevance of Rodent Models in Understanding Autism32:04 - Exploring the Complexities of Brain Connectivity38:57 - Excitability and Its Role in Connectivity Patterns42:27 - Exploring fMRI Connectivity and Local Computation45:28 - The Role of the Hearst Index in Brain Activity54:00 - Implications for Treatment in Psychiatric Disorders58:42 - The Intersection of Biology and Neuroscience Research01:07:08 - Balancing Life and Science: Personal ReflectionsWorks mentioned:00:12:48 - Gutierrez-Barragan, D. et al. (2024). Evolutionarily conserved fMRI network dynamics in the mouse, macaque, and human brain. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-49245-600:17:40 - Zerbi, V., Pagani, M. et al. (2021). Brain mapping across 16 autism mouse models reveals a spectrum of functional connectivity subtypes. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01245-400:18:00 - Pagani, M. et al. (2021). mTOR-related synaptic pathology causes autism spectrum disorder-associated functional hyperconnectivity. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26520-800:29:50 - Pagani, M. et al. (2025). Biological subtyping of autism via cross-species fMRI. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.03.04.64140000:40:40 - Rocchi, F. et al. (2022). Increased fMRI connectivity upon chemogenetic inhibition of the mouse prefrontal cortex. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28591-300:43:30 - Trakoshis, S., Martínez-Cañada, P. et al. (2020). Intrinsic excitation-inhibition imbalance affects medial prefrontal cortex differently in autistic men versus women. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.5568400:45:10 - Newbold, D.J. et al. (2020). Plasticity and spontaneous activity pulses in disused human brain circuits. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2020.05.007Episode producer:Xuqian Michelle Li

Leslie Kenny was told in her 30s that she had five years to live. Diagnosed simultaneously with lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis — and told to give up her dream of having children — she did what true Betties do: she refused the prognosis, threw everything she had at it, and got to work. Now 60 years old, Leslie reports a biological age of 21. She is autoimmune disease-free. And she naturally conceived a child at 43. Her recovery journey led her to collaborate with University of Oxford scientists and to discover spermidine — a naturally occurring, food-derived longevity compound that was hiding in plain sight. It's been in our food for millennia, it's in breast milk, and it's in every plant on earth. And it addresses 9 of the 12 hallmarks of ageing identified by science as the root causes of why we get older. For 20% off Primeadine, go to: https://www.oxfordhealthspan.com/DRSTEPHANIE  Episode Overview (timestamps are approximate): (0:00) Intro/Teaser (4:00) What Is Spermidine and Why Do We Lose It? (8:00) Autophagy, Hair, Nails & the Biological Dashboard (17:00) The 12 Hallmarks of Ageing, Explained for Real Life (23:00) mTOR, Muscle Loss, and Why Spermidine Is Different (27:00) Food Sources, Dosage & Lifestyle Levers (38:00) Leslie's Story: The Diagnosis, the Prognosis, the Refusal (55:00) IVIG, Trauma Therapy & the Surprise Pregnancy at 43 (1:18:00) Femspan, Future Research & Where to Find Leslie (1:22:00) The After-Party Thoughts with Dr. Stephani Resources mentioned in the Episode can be found at: https://drstephanieestima.com/podcasts/ep464  We couldn't do it without our sponsors: JUST THRIVE HEALTH - Take the Just Thrive FEEL BETTER challenge today, and save 20% on your first order. Go to https://justthrivehealth.com/better and use the code BETTER to see the difference for yourself. BON CHARGE - Achieve glowing skin, gain more energy, and uplevel your recovery practice with a suite of red light products. Get 15% off at https://boncharge.com/better with code BETTER. HIGHER DOSE - If you're noticing thinning, shedding, or simply want to support scalp and hair health proactively, this is a powerful addition to your routine. Get 15% off the Red Light Hat at https://higherdose.com with code BETTER at checkout. KENETIK - You think carefully about how you fuel your body but are you fueling your brain? Learn more about Kenetik and try it for yourself by going to https://drinkkenetik.com/BETTER and use code BETTER for 15% off QUALIA LIFE - Boost energy, DNA health, and cellular protection. Save 15% at https://qualialife.com/better with code BETTER. ****************************P.S. When you're ready, here are two ways Dr. Stephanie can help you:Subscribe: The Mini Pause — My weekly newsletter packed with the most actionable, evidence-based tools for women 40+ to thrive in midlife.Build Muscle: LIFT — My progressive strength training program designed for women in midlife. Form-focused, joint-friendly, and built for real results. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Welcome to Fertility & Sterility Roundtable, hosted by Dr. Emily Barnard and Dr. Ben Peipert! Each week, we will host a discussion with the authors of "Views and Reviews" and "Fertile Battle" articles published in a recent issue of Fertility & Sterility.  Today, we will be discussing a challenge that all of us in the field of reproductive medicine face, ovarian aging. We will specifically be discussing the Views and Reviews article from the March 2026 edition of Fertility and Sterility entitled "Influencing ovarian aging in reproductive medicine: promise, evidence, and unresolved questions." We are joined by three of the esteemed authors of this publication to dive into this topic, learn about new research, and sort out what treatments are and are not yet ready for prime time use in clinical practice.  Dr. Kara Goldman is a reproductive endocrinologist and Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Northwestern University, where she serves as Director of Fertility Preservation. Dr. Goldman leads a high-volume clinical program in complex fertility preservation, and her translational research focuses on the role of mTOR signaling in ovarian aging and strategies to preserve ovarian function during cancer treatment and physiologic aging. Her work led to several landmark publications and Prize Paper Awards from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine; she also serves on the editorial board of Fertility and Sterility. Dr. Francesca Duncan is an Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University. She co-directs Northwestern's Center for Reproductive Science and leads a research program focused on the cellular mechanisms of reproductive aging, studying how aging affects reproductive potential at the level of the egg and ovary. Over her career, she has co-authored numerous, and her research has been widely featured in several major news outlets including National Geographic, the New York Times, and the Wall Street Journal.  Dr. Allison Eubanks is a REI fellow in the NIH–Walter Reed training program and currently serves as the Fertility and Sterility Editorial Board Fellow. She is an active-duty U.S. Navy physician. Her work spans research across all aspects of reproductive endocrinology and infertility from ART to menopause, along with education and policy initiatives aimed at improving women's health and reproductive care across the military health system.   Read the Fertile Battle from Volume 125, Issue 3 p387-398 in the March 2026 issue View Fertility and Sterility at https://www.fertstert.org/

The history of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.they're juicing it.Some queries related to the complexity of epigenetic variables and the overlords decision to focus on genetics only for the sake of "simplicity"...Just my opinion?I welcome all listeners and critical thinkers.

Friday, April 3, 2026 - Week 14   Just back from the DSC-III Kickoff Meeting!  As announced back in September 2025.  Really strong group of clinicians.   https://dsc.rarediseasesnetwork.org/patient-advocacy-groups   More on DSC in #S10e184 https://curesyngap1.org/podcasts/syngap10/dsc-rdcrn-ncats-nih-press-aav-in-cell-srf-at-cb-scramble-for-syngap1-s10e184/   We will have sites at SYNGAP1 established doctors, Dr. Wiltrout at Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard, Dr. Holder at Baylor and our very own ProMMiS Doctors: Knowles at Stanford / Dr. Abbott at Colorado.  AND, excitingly, these two new locations: Rush University Medical Center (Rush) led by Dr. Dr. Liz Berry-Kravis. University of Alabama at Birmingham led by Dr. Martina Bebin.   Interestingly we are paired with PMS aka SHANK3 so the comparisons will naturally arise.  Both post-synaptic, they are a half step ahead of us.  (We will catch up!)  SHANK3 and SYNGAP1 have lots in commons: PSD, Synaptic Plasticity, mTOR.  Differences, we have more epilepsy, they have more Catatonia (see Table 2 in Trelles 2026 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41895438/).    After that I met with Dr. Xin Tang from BCH who is working on some exciting potential therapies and then over to CAMP4, who is moving at light speed.   ILAE Rare Epilepsy Big Data Task Force for 4 years!  Makes me think about data…   Where does SYNGAP1 Data Live? Citizen.Health Retrospective ProMMiS Clinical Rare-X PRO Now the DSC will have both Combined Brain Registry and EEG Database. In Argentina SYNGAP1 Registry, potentially expanding to Chile and Colombia. In the EU there is PATRE part of EURAS. In the UK, it seems largely via NHS. In China, I don't know but this paper shows us someone has 99 people: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41914539/ Where else?   SYNGAP1 is having a moment, we need project manager volunteers.   SPRINT FOR SYNGAP1, EVERYWHERE – 21 days - $132k! Get on the map!   https://curesyngap1.org/calendar/sprint4syngap-2026   INAUGURAL SF NIGHT OF IMPACT, CA – 55 days Join us this is our only Gala for 2026! cureSYNGAP1.org/SF26   5TH SCRAMBLE FOR SYNGAP, SC – 183 days  Classic case of a small event becoming an institution! cureSYNGAP1.org/Scramble26 PUBMED Pubmed 2026 is at 22.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=syngap1&filter=years.2026-2026&sort=date   SOCIAL MATTERS 4,822 LinkedIn.  https://www.linkedin.com/company/curesyngap1 1.55k YouTube.  https://www.youtube.com/@CureSYNGAP1 11.1k Twitter https://twitter.com/cureSYNGAP1 45k Insta https://www.instagram.com/curesyngap1   $CAMP closed at $4.47 today.  https://www.google.com/finance/beta/quote/CAMP:NASDAQ   Like and subscribe to this podcast wherever you listen.  https://curesyngap1.org/podcasts/syngap10 Episode 203 of #Syngap10 #CureSYNGAP1 #Podcast

In this episode, we discuss the most important annual updates in the American Diabetes Association Guidelines, Standards of Care 2026, particularly focusing on changes in pharmacotherapy recommendations and the supporting evidence. Key Concepts A few existing agents now have ASCVD risk reduction data in patients with existing ASCVD or high indicators for ASCVD. They are: oral semaglutide and tirzepatide.  SGLT2is are still first-line in patients with diabetes and HF including HFpEF, but SC semaglutide and tirzepatide are now recommended for those with symptomatic HFpEF and obesity due to positive outcomes in this population. The GLP-1RA and dual GLP-1/GIP RA are the preferred agents for weight management in patients with T2DM, but use of GLP-1RA can be considered for weight loss in patients with T1DM. The guideline also better defines recommendations for medication-induced hyperglycemia from immune checkpoint inhibitors, PI3Kɑ (phosphoinositidylinositol 3-kinase α) inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, and steroids.  References American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes—2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(suppl 1):S1-S377. SOUL study. Darren K. McGuire, Marx N, Mulvagh SL, et al. Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2025;392(20):2001-2012. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2501006. SURPASS-CVOT. Nicholls SJ, Pavo I, Bhatt DL, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes with tirzepatide versus dulaglutide in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2025;393(24):2409-2420. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2505928. SUMMIT. Packer M, Zile MR, Kramer CM, et al. Tirzepatide for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025;392(5):427-437. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2410027. STEP-HFpEF. Kosiborod MN, Abildstrom SZ, Borlaug BA, et al. Semaglutide in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(12):1069-1084. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2306963. STEP-HFpEF DM. Kosiborod MN, Petrie MC, Borlaug BA, et al. Semaglutide in patients with obesity‑related heart failure and type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2024;390(15):1394‑1407. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2313917.

In this episode, Vanessa breaks down the fasting mimicking diet (FMD) — including the exact calories, macros, and protein intake used in the research — and compares it to higher-protein fat loss approaches like protein-sparing modified fasting (PSMF) days.

This content has been developed for healthcare professionals only. Patients who seek health information should consult with their physician or relevant patient advocacy groups.For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, slides, and complete CME/MOC/AAPA/IPCE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at PeerView.com/DCY865. CME/MOC/AAPA/IPCE credit will be available until March 22, 2027.From Evidence to Impact: Harnessing PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Inhibitors to Improve Outcomes in HR+, HER2- MBC; Shedding Light on Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Adverse Event Management In support of improving patient care, PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education, is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.SupportThis educational activity is supported by an independent medical education grant from AstraZeneca.Disclosure information is available at the beginning of the video presentation.

This content has been developed for healthcare professionals only. Patients who seek health information should consult with their physician or relevant patient advocacy groups.For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, slides, and complete CME/MOC/AAPA/IPCE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at PeerView.com/DCY865. CME/MOC/AAPA/IPCE credit will be available until March 22, 2027.From Evidence to Impact: Harnessing PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Inhibitors to Improve Outcomes in HR+, HER2- MBC; Shedding Light on Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Adverse Event Management In support of improving patient care, PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education, is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.SupportThis educational activity is supported by an independent medical education grant from AstraZeneca.Disclosure information is available at the beginning of the video presentation.

This content has been developed for healthcare professionals only. Patients who seek health information should consult with their physician or relevant patient advocacy groups.For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, slides, and complete CME/MOC/AAPA/IPCE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at PeerView.com/DCY865. CME/MOC/AAPA/IPCE credit will be available until March 22, 2027.From Evidence to Impact: Harnessing PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Inhibitors to Improve Outcomes in HR+, HER2- MBC; Shedding Light on Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Adverse Event Management In support of improving patient care, PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education, is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.SupportThis educational activity is supported by an independent medical education grant from AstraZeneca.Disclosure information is available at the beginning of the video presentation.

This content has been developed for healthcare professionals only. Patients who seek health information should consult with their physician or relevant patient advocacy groups.For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, slides, and complete CME/MOC/AAPA/IPCE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at PeerView.com/DCY865. CME/MOC/AAPA/IPCE credit will be available until March 22, 2027.From Evidence to Impact: Harnessing PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Inhibitors to Improve Outcomes in HR+, HER2- MBC; Shedding Light on Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Adverse Event Management In support of improving patient care, PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education, is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.SupportThis educational activity is supported by an independent medical education grant from AstraZeneca.Disclosure information is available at the beginning of the video presentation.

If you feel like your metabolism has slowed down, your workouts aren't working, and your body isn't responding the way it used to… this episode explains why. In Part 3 of this series, we shift from identifying the problem to understanding the solution. Because your metabolism isn't broken. Your signals are disrupted. After years of chronic stress, underfueling, overtraining, poor recovery, and hormonal shifts in midlife, the body adapts by slowing down, conserving energy, and prioritizing survival over performance. In this episode, you'll learn how to restore the signals that control your metabolism—from the inside out. We break down: • Why energy availability is the foundation of metabolic recovery • The balance between AMPK (burn mode) and mTOR (build mode) • How nervous system regulation impacts fat loss, hormones, and recovery • Why breathing patterns and carbon dioxide tolerance affect energy production • The role of gut health, liver detox pathways, and inflammation in metabolism • How receptor sensitivity impacts hormone function and results • What true metabolic resilience looks like in midlife This is where you stop forcing your body… …and start rebuilding it. If you're ready to understand your metabolism on a deeper level and create a personalized strategy based on your data, this is exactly what we do inside The FutureYou Blueprint.

Are you working out, eating "clean," and even adding protein or amino acids… but still not seeing changes in your muscle, metabolism, or body composition? You're not alone—and you're not doing it wrong.

View the Show Notes Page for This Episode Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content Sign Up to Receive Peter's Weekly Newsletter In this "Ask Me Anything" (AMA) episode, Peter answers listener questions across a wide range of topics, focusing on practical decision-making and real-world application. He explores how health priorities and strategies should evolve across different decades of life, which chronic diseases are most challenging to manage and how to think about risk hierarchies, and which emerging interventions—beyond exercise—show the most promise for dementia prevention. Peter also breaks down the utility of wearables and explains how to use and interpret DEXA scans effectively. He discusses the challenges of behavior change and how to make healthy habits stick, along with training strategies for balance, stability, and injury resilience, drawing lessons from his own setbacks. Additional topics include high-protein diets and mTOR, how to weigh mechanisms versus outcomes, how to evaluate diet sodas and non-nutritive sweeteners in context, and a range of listener questions covering health fads, emotional health, and sleep routines. If you're not a subscriber and are listening on a podcast player, you'll only be able to hear a preview of the AMA. If you're a subscriber, you can now listen to this full episode on your private RSS feed or our website at the AMA #82 show notes page. If you are not a subscriber, you can learn more about the subscriber benefits here. We discuss: Overview of episode topics, emphasizing the goal of providing actionable, real-world health guidance  [1:30]; How health priorities and training strategies should evolve from early adulthood through older age [2:45]; Comparing the four major chronic diseases: which are most preventable, most uncertain, and most concerning [8:00]; Emerging strategies for dementia prevention: biomarkers, early detection, and new pharmacologic approaches [15:00]; How to use wearable data effectively: when it's helpful, when it's not, and how to avoid over-reliance [19:00]; DEXA scans: timing, interpretation, and limitations in body composition and bone density tracking [23:00]; Best practices for building sustainable health habits [30:15]; How to train your balance and stability [33:30]; How to recover from injuries and use setbacks to build strength and resilience [36:15]; High protein intake and the impact on mTOR: evaluating mechanisms versus real-world evidence on longevity [38:30]; Diet soda and artificial sweeteners: evaluating risks, benefits, and the importance of context [47:00]; How to balance enjoying life today with making choices that support long-term health and longevity [51:45]; and More. Connect With Peter on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube

Are you great at burning fat—but struggling with recovery, muscle, energy, or stubborn body composition? In this Part 1 episode, Coach Debbie Potts takes you down a deep-dive rabbit hole into AMPK dominance, the "burn mode" many high performers and endurance athletes unknowingly live in. You'll learn how chronic stress, under-fueling, fasting, and excessive endurance training can shift your body into energy conservation instead of rebuilding—and why this becomes even more important in midlife. Debbie breaks down the difference between being a fat burner vs. metabolically flexible, and how PNOĒ metabolism testing reveals key clues at rest (RMR) and during exercise (AMR), including: • Low resting metabolic rate (RMR) and what it really means • Fat-burning dominance vs true metabolic flexibility • Poor high-intensity capacity and "flat" performance • Limited carbohydrate access when you need it most • Signs of chronic AMPK activation and reduced mTOR signaling This episode will help you understand why your body may feel stuck—even when you're doing everything "right"—and why the solution isn't more discipline, but better metabolic signaling and strategy. This is where you stop guessing… and start connecting the clues.

Longevity science is shifting fast. New discoveries are revealing that aging may be influenced not just by genetics or lifestyle, but by specific nutrients that regulate cellular health. In this episode of Habits & Hustle, I sit down with Dr. Stephanie Venn-Watson to explore the discovery of C15, a fatty acid that emerged from decades of research studying Navy dolphins. Her work suggests that declining C15 levels may weaken cell membranes, accelerate aging, and increase vulnerability to metabolic disease. We break down how this molecule works, why not all saturated fats are the same, and how modern dietary shifts away from full-fat dairy may be contributing to widespread nutrient deficiencies. We also discuss how C15 interacts with longevity pathways like AMPK and mTOR, the same pathways targeted by drugs like metformin and rapamycin, and why researchers believe C15 may function as a geroprotector — a compound capable of slowing biological aging. Dr. Stephanie Venn-Watson is a veterinary epidemiologist, CEO of Seraphina Therapeutics, and author of The Longevity Nutrient. Her work bridges marine biology, epidemiology, and human longevity science to uncover how nutrition influences cellular aging. What's Discussed (07:48) How studying Navy dolphins led to a breakthrough in longevity research (10:31) Why dolphins are a powerful model for studying human aging (16:04) The discovery of C15 and its role in metabolic health (17:33) Why not all saturated fats are harmful (20:25) How C15 interacts with longevity pathways like mTOR and AMPK (22:23) How modern diets may be creating a widespread C15 deficiency (24:30) The link between C15 deficiency and accelerated cellular aging (27:11) How dairy fat became the primary source of C15 in humans (31:18) Why C15 may qualify as a “geroprotector” (34:28) How to measure C15 levels through blood testing (39:23) Signs of cellular fragility and biological aging in blood markers (43:02) How C15 may influence inflammation and autoimmune conditions (50:20) The lifestyle factors that matter most for longevity (55:17) Other ways to increase C15 levels through diet and exercise Thank you to our sponsors: Rho Nutrition: Try Rho Nutrition today and experience the difference of Liposomal Technology. Use code JEN20 for 20% OFF everything at https://rhonutrition.com/discount/jen20  Prolon: Get 30% off sitewide plus a $40 bonus gift when you subscribe to their 5-Day Program! Just visit https://prolonlife.com/JENNIFERCOHEN and use code JENNIFERCOHEN to claim your discount and your bonus gift. Therasage: Head over to therasage.com and use code Be Bold for 15% off  Air Doctor: Go to airdoctorpro.com and use promo code HUSTLE40 for up to $300 off and a 3-year warranty on air purifiers. Magic Mind: Head over to www.magicmind.com/jen and use code Jen at checkout. Momentous: Shop this link and use code Jen for 20% off  Manna Vitality: Visit mannavitality.com and use code JENNIFER20 for 20% off your order  Amp fit is the perfect balance of tech and training, designed for people who do it all and still want to feel strong doing it. Check it out at joinamp.com/jen   Find more from Jen:  Website: https://jennifercohen.com Instagram: @therealjencohen Books: https://jennifercohen.com/books Speaking: https://jennifercohen.com/speaking-engagement Find more from Stephanie Venn-Watson: Website: https://fatty15.com Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/fatty15/?hl=it  LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/stephanievennwatson/ Book: The Longevity Nutrient

Is fasting actually worth it for fat loss, muscle retention, and longevity? In this science-backed breakdown, I explain intermittent fasting, autophagy, AMPK, mTOR, and whether fasting helps or hurts muscle growth. ► Free 7 Day Trial To My Workout App: https://www.liveleantv.com ► Live Lean Body Quiz: https://www.liveleantv.com/quiz ► Free 7 Day Meal Plan And Recipes: https://www.liveleantv.com/free-stuff

 ChatGPT has been in the news a lot lately and, as a result, quite a few STEM-Talk listeners have tossed us questions about the reliability and limitations of generative-artificial intelligence chatbots as well as large-language models more broadly.  Ken and Dawn tackle this question and a number of others in today's Ask Me Anything episode. We have listeners wondering why astronauts train in underwater conditions for spacewalks; icebreakers in antarctica; the value of supplementing with urolithin-A; and the effectiveness of L-citrulline in helping aging blood vessels. Ken also weights in on questions related to lithium deficiency and the onset of Alzheimer's disease; a study that found mTOR activation may not be necessary for ketamine's beneficial effects in the context of depression; and a paper that demonstrated short-term mTOR inhibition by rapamycin improved cardiac and endothelial function in older men. Show notes: [00:02:49] Ken opens our AMA with a listener question for Dawn, which asks why, despite the differences between diving and zero-gravity environments, why do astronauts train in underwater conditions for spacewalks. The listener goes on to mention an article they read about NASA's neutral buoyancy lab in Houston, which contains a partial replica of the International Space Station. [00:07:42] A listener asks Ken if he is still optimistic about the value of supplementing with urolithin-A, and if so, is there a brand he recommends. Ken mentions episodes 118, with Julie Anderson, and 173, with Anurag Singh. Ken also discusses a paper titled “Effect of the mitophagy inducer urolithin A on age related immune decline, a randomized placebo-controlled trial” co-authored by Anurag. Ken also mentions clinical research supporting the urolithin-A supplement Mitopure. [00:10:53] A listener asks Ken about a paper titled “Short-term mTOR inhibition by rapamycin improves cardiac and endothelial function in older men: a proof-of-concept pilot study.” [00:14:29] Ken discusses a 2020 paper from a research group at Yale, which suggested that mTOR activation may not be necessary for ketamine's beneficial effects in the context of depression. The paper also reported that m-TOR suppression via rapamycin might prolong ketamine's antidepressant effects. [00:18:47] A research scientist formerly working in Antarctica asks Ken about Russia's dominance in the realm of ice breakers. [00:23:55] A listener mentions that for some people, when they used ChatGPT to ask about the assassination of political commentator Charlie Kirk, ChatGPT sometimes responded by denying the assassination occurred. The listener asks Ken about the credibility and reliability of generative AI and large-language models. [00:28:49] Several listeners have submitted questions for Ken regarding a paper published in Nature in August of last year titled “Lithium deficiency in the onset of Alzheimer's disease.” Ken gives his thoughts on this paper. [00:31:56] For our final question this AMA, a listener asks Ken about the arginine paradox, which regards L-arginine, which is used by the body to make nitric oxide, which is necessary to relax and maintain flexibility of blood vessels. However, several papers have reported that supplementation of arginine does not reliably improve aging blood vessels. In contrast, recent research suggests that L-citrulline might be more effective. The listeners sent questions asking about the possible effects of citrulline in vascular health and aging. In his answer, Ken cites the following papers: — Administration of L-arginine plus L-citrulline or L-citrulline alone successfully retarded endothelial senescence. — Effects of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Endothelial Function, Arterial Stiffness, and Blood Glucose Level in the Fasted and Acute Hyperglycemic States in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. — Citrulline Supplementation Improves Microvascular Function and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. — Effects of L-citrulline supplementation and watermelon intake on arterial stiffness and endothelial function in middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. — Citrulline regulates macrophage metabolism and inflammation to counter aging in mice. If you have questions for Ken and Dawn after listening to today's episode or any episode of STEM-Talk, please email our producer, Randy Hammer, at rhammer@ihmc.org.  Links: Learn more about IHMC STEM-Talk homepage Ken Ford bio Ken Ford Wikipedia page Dawn Kernagis bio    

If you're over 45 and training consistently but noticing slower recovery, softer body composition, or declining strength — this episode is for you. In this deep-dive rabbit hole conversation, Debbie breaks down the real science of Muscle Protein Synthesis (MPS) and why protein distribution — not just total protein — becomes critical in midlife. You'll learn why 20–30 grams of protein often isn't enough anymore, why adults 45+ may need 3–4 grams of leucine per meal to fully activate mTOR signaling, and how anabolic resistance changes the muscle-building equation for both men and women. We also explore AMPK vs mTOR balance, chronic fasting and endurance training effects, insulin resistance, stress-driven cortisol interference, and how PNOĒ metabolic testing and genetic insights can personalize your muscle-building strategy. Midlife isn't decline — it's a threshold shift. When you understand the signaling, you can train smarter, fuel intentionally, and protect your metabolism for decades to come. Learn more about personalized testing and The FutureYou Blueprint™ at www.debbiepotts.net

As pharmaceutical companies begin rolling out anti-aging drugs for dogs, many pet parents are being told these medications can extend lifespan and prevent cognitive decline. But what are these drugs actually doing inside the body, and at what cost?In this episode, Angela sits down with Carter Easler, Director of Research and Education for CBD Dog Health and MycoDog, to break down the science behind emerging longevity drugs like rapamycin and Loyal. Carter also shares insights from coordinating the Senior Dog Study on cognitive decline, as they explore how pharmaceutical interventions compare to natural strategies that work with the body's own repair systems, including fasting, adaptogens, medicinal mushrooms, and support for the endocannabinoid system.If you have a senior dog, or want to learn about supporting your aging dog before their golden years, this is an episode you won't want to miss.Episode Recap:Angela and Carter talk about the rise of anti-aging drugs for dogs on the market, and why aging is at its core, a loss of homeostasis. (00:00)Rapamycin for dogs, what it does and why it was originally developed. (04:41)Do anti-aging drugs support longevity, or interfere with the body's natural repair processes like autophagy and cellular balance? (07:48)How fasting and restricted feeding windows naturally activate autophagy, support cellular cleanup, and may help extend lifespan in dogs. (11:10)Telomeres, “zombie cells,” and mTOR: how adaptogens, medicinal mushrooms, and hemp modulate aging pathways to support cellular balance instead of blocking the body's natural repair systems. (16:41)Why pharmaceutical “one-target” drugs can create a narrow therapeutic window and unintended side effects, while adaptogens and medicinal mushrooms support all 12 hallmarks of aging. (20:59)The 12 hallmarks of aging explained, from telomere shortening and mitochondrial dysfunction to microbiome imbalance, and how these anti aging drugs are targeting just one of these. (26:06)Why supporting the endocannabinoid system becomes increasingly important as pets grow older. (31:09)Loyal, the upcoming “anti-aging” injection for dogs, undisclosed mechanisms of action, and the importance of informed consent before new veterinary drugs reach the market. (35:20)Why proactive pet wellness should prioritize food, lifestyle, and adaptogenic plant support first, and where pharmaceuticals truly belong in veterinary care. (41:20)They dive into the science behind specific adaptogens and plant compounds, from mitochondrial support and telomere health to metabolic balance and autophagy, and why full-spectrum, whole-plant synergy matters more than isolated compounds. (44:28)Episode Resources:Download Angela's Resources including her Senior Dog Protocol and more at AngelaArdolino.com/podcast-downloads Prospective Evaluation of a Mushroom Derived Nutraceutical in Dogs with Cognitive DeclineWhat We Learned from the Senior Dog StudyMushrooms and Adaptogens for Canine Cognitive DysfunctionHave a question about your pet that you want answered on the podcast? Email us at Angela@AngelaArdolino.com Sign up for episode reminders and updates from Your Natural Dog with Angela ArdolinoVisit Angela Ardolino's website for more holistic pet health education: www.AngelaArdolino.comFollow Your Natural Dog on Facebook and Instagram and if you want to see what Angela is up to, follow her on Facebook or join our CBD & Holistic Pet Advice Facebook Group.

STOP intermittent fasting if you think it automatically keeps you young. In this episode, you'll learn why short-term fasting results can mislead long-term aging outcomes, and how duration, frequency, refeeding, and protein intake determine whether fasting supports longevity or quietly accelerates decline. Watch this episode on YouTube for the full video experience: https://www.youtube.com/@DaveAspreyBPR Host Dave Asprey sits down with Valter Longo, one of the world's leading longevity researchers with over 30 years of experience studying aging, nutrition, and disease prevention. Dr. Longo is the Director of the Longevity Institute at the University of Southern California's Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and the Director of the Longevity and Cancer Program at IFOM, the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research Institute of Molecular Oncology in Milan. He is the author of the bestselling book The Longevity Diet and was named one of TIME Magazine's 50 most influential people in health care for his research on fasting-mimicking diets. Together, Dave Asprey and Dr. Longo explain why many people focus too heavily on short-term effects and extrapolate them incorrectly across a lifetime. They break down how intermittent fasting differs biologically from multi-day fasting, why five-day fasting cycles trigger deeper cellular changes, and how insulin, IGF-1, mTOR, and growth hormone shape aging, regeneration, and disease risk over time. The conversation covers protein and amino acid intake, muscle preservation, frailty risk, and the tradeoffs between strength, function, and longevity. They explore ketosis, fasting-mimicking diets, stem cell activation, mitochondrial function, neuroplasticity, and why equilibrium and cycling matter more than constant restriction. Dave and Valter also discuss supplements, nootropics, creatine, carnivore-style eating, metabolism, sleep optimization, and how AI may eventually personalize fasting and nutrition based on individual biology rather than population averages. You'll learn: • Why short-term fasting benefits do not predict long-term longevity • How fasting duration changes gene expression and cellular regeneration • The difference between intermittent fasting and multi-day fasting • How protein and amino acids influence mTOR, IGF-1, and aging • Why muscle, strength, and longevity must be balanced, not maximized • When ketosis overlaps with fasting and when it does not • Why supplements can disrupt biological equilibrium • How AI could support future personalization in fasting and nutrition Dave Asprey is a four time New York Times bestselling author, founder of Bulletproof Coffee, and the father of biohacking. With over 1,000 interviews and 1 million monthly listeners, The Human Upgrade is the top podcast for people who want to take control of their biology, extend their longevity, and optimize every system in the body and mind. Each episode features cutting edge insights in health, performance, neuroscience, supplements, nutrition, hacking, emotional intelligence, and conscious living. Thank you to our sponsors! • BEYOND Conference 2026 | Register now with code DAVE300 for $300 off at https://beyondconference.com/• AquaTru | Go to https://aquatruwater.com/daveasprey and save $100 on all AquaTru water purifiers.• Caldera + Lab | A small habit with big results. Go to https://CalderaLab.com/DAVE and use code DAVE for 20% off your first order.• Timeline | Go to https://timeline.com/Dave for 20% off.Dave Asprey is a four-time New York Times bestselling author, founder of Bulletproof Coffee, and the father of biohacking. With over 1,000 interviews and 1 million monthly listeners, The Human Upgrade brings you the knowledge to take control of your biology, extend your longevity, and optimize every system in your body and mind. Each episode delivers cutting-edge insights in health, performance, neuroscience, supplements, nutrition, biohacking, emotional intelligence, and conscious living. New episodes are released every Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday (BONUS). Dave asks the questions no one else will and gives you real tools to become stronger, smarter, and more resilient. Keywords: intermittent fasting longevity, fasting mimicking diet, fasting and aging science, biohacking fasting podcast, longevity fasting research, protein restriction longevity, amino acids aging, mTOR IGF-1 longevity, mitochondria aging science, neuroplasticity fasting, ketosis fasting science, metabolism longevity podcast, anti-aging fasting, functional medicine longevity, supplements fasting debate, nootropics brain optimization, muscle frailty aging, sleep optimization longevity, AI personalized nutrition, carnivore diet longevity debate, Dave Asprey fasting, Valter Longo longevity, longevity diet podcast, human performance aging Resources: • Learn More About Valter's Work At: https://valterlongo.com/ • Join My Fasting Challenge: https://daveasprey.com/#14-day • Get My 2026 Biohacking Trends Report: https://daveasprey.com/2026-biohacking-trends-report/ • Join My Low-Oxalate 30-Day Challenge: https://daveasprey.com/2026-low-ox-reset/ • Dave Asprey's Latest News | Go to https://daveasprey.com/ to join Inside Track today. • Danger Coffee: https://dangercoffee.com/discount/dave15 • My Daily Supplements: SuppGrade Labs (15% Off) • Favorite Blue Light Blocking Glasses: TrueDark (15% Off) • Dave Asprey's BEYOND Conference: https://beyondconference.com • Dave Asprey's New Book – Heavily Meditated: https://daveasprey.com/heavily-meditated • Upgrade Collective: https://www.ourupgradecollective.com • Upgrade Labs: https://upgradelabs.com Timestamps: 0:00 Introduction & Aging Fundamentals 4:36 Fasting Mimicking Diet Overview 7:03 Insulin, IGF-1 & mTOR 11:03 Body Fat & Fasting Frequency 17:08 The Protein Debate 20:22 Blue Zones & Centenarian Evidence 23:10 Amino Acids & Leucine 30:30 Growth Hormone & Longevity 34:01 Five-Day Fasting Benefits 40:55 Personalization & AI 42:29 Plant-Based Concerns 49:07 Fasting Risks & Limits 53:05 Supplements & Equilibrium 1:03:05 Ranking Longevity Pathways 1:05:05 Modern Environmental Challenges 1:16:21 Final Thoughts See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Your butt is not about aesthetics. It is a longevity organ that directly impacts metabolism, brain optimization, resilience, and how long you stay strong as you age. In this episode, you'll learn why strength training and protein intake matter more than body fat percentage, how mitochondria drive human performance and recovery, and why building muscle protects your brain, stabilizes mood, and supports long-term longevity. This conversation reframes biohacking, anti-aging, and health from weight loss to muscle span, the length of time you live with strong, functional skeletal muscle. Watch this episode on YouTube for the full video experience: https://www.youtube.com/@DaveAspreyBPR Host Dave Asprey sits down with Gabrielle Lyon, an accomplished physician and New York Times bestselling author of Forever Strong: A New, Science-Based Strategy for Aging Well, and author of the upcoming The Forever Strong Playbook, releasing January 27, 2026. Dr. Lyon pioneered the Muscle-Centric Medicine® approach, which places muscle at the center of disease prevention, metabolic health, and true vitality. She has trained elite athletes, military operatives, and public figures, while also living this philosophy at home as a mother of two with her husband, a retired Navy SEAL. Together, they break down why intermuscular fat may matter more than body fat percentage, how skeletal muscle drives insulin sensitivity and lowers inflammation, and why becoming physically stronger improves brain function and neuroplasticity. They explore protein needs across the lifespan, fasting, ketosis, carnivore-style nutrition, supplements, sleep optimization, and the real tradeoffs of GLP-1 drugs, including the risk of accelerated muscle loss if strength and protein are neglected. The conversation also covers mindset, hormesis, and why physical resilience creates emotional regulation and clearer decision-making in a world increasingly shaped by AI and convenience. This episode is essential listening for anyone serious about biohacking, hacking human performance, longevity, mitochondria, neuroplasticity, nootropics, metabolism, functional medicine, anti-aging strategies, supplements, and living Smarter Not Harder, ideally with a cup of Danger Coffee in hand. You'll Learn: • Why your glutes and skeletal muscle are critical drivers of longevity and brain health • Why intermuscular fat can matter more than body fat percentage for metabolic dysfunction • How strength training improves neuroplasticity, cognition, and emotional resilience • Why protein needs increase with age and why outdated limits can hold you back • What GLP-1 drugs get right, where they fail, and how to protect muscle span • Why progressive stimulus beats lifting heavy for long-term strength and injury prevention • How sleep optimization and recovery support mitochondria and human performance • How building muscle creates clarity, resilience, and better decision-making Dave Asprey is a four time New York Times bestselling author, founder of Bulletproof Coffee, and the father of biohacking. With over 1,000 interviews and 1 million monthly listeners, The Human Upgrade is the top podcast for people who want to take control of their biology, extend their longevity, and optimize every system in the body and mind. Each episode features cutting edge insights in health, performance, neuroscience, supplements, nutrition, hacking, emotional intelligence, and conscious living. Thank you to our sponsors! Quantum Upgrade | Support your brain, energy, focus, sleep, and recovery with Quantum Upgrade, a 24/7 streaming quantum energy service designed to work continuously in the background. Try it free for 15 days with no credit card required: https://quantumupgrade.io/DAVE Screenfit | Get your at-home eye training program for 40% off using code DAVE at https://www.screenfit.com/dave BrainTap | Go to http://braintap.com/dave to get $100 off the BrainTap Power Bundle. KillSwitch | If you're ready for the best sleep of your life, order now at https://www.switchsupplements.com and use code DAVE for 20% off. Dave Asprey is a four-time New York Times bestselling author, founder of Bulletproof Coffee, and the father of biohacking. With over 1,000 interviews and 1 million monthly listeners, The Human Upgrade brings you the knowledge to take control of your biology, extend your longevity, and optimize every system in your body and mind. Each episode delivers cutting-edge insights in health, performance, neuroscience, supplements, nutrition, biohacking, emotional intelligence, and conscious living. New episodes are released every Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday (BONUS). Dave asks the questions no one else will and gives you real tools to become stronger, smarter, and more resilient. Keywords: muscle longevity organ, glutes brain health, strength training longevity podcast, muscle span aging, intermuscular fat metabolism, IMAT insulin resistance, skeletal muscle brain function, neuroplasticity strength training, protein intake aging, high protein diet longevity, metabolism muscle health, mitochondria muscle brain, muscle centric medicine podcast, gabrielle lyon podcast, forever strong playbook, women strength training longevity, GLP-1 muscle loss, sarcopenia aging prevention, resistance training brain health, sleep optimization muscle recovery, fasting ketosis muscle health, carnivore diet muscle metabolism, functional medicine muscle health, biohacking strength longevity, human performance muscle, anti-aging strength training, supplements muscle recovery, progressive stimulus training, blood flow restriction training, muscle resilience mindset Resources: • Get Gabrielle's NEW book Forever Strong: https://drgabriellelyon.com/forever-strong/ • Gabrielle's Website: https://drgabriellelyon.com/ • Follow Gabrielle's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drgabriellelyon/ • Gabrielles Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@DrGabrielleLyon • Get My 2026 Biohacking Trends Report: https://daveasprey.com/2026-biohacking-trends-report/ • Join My Low-Oxalate 30-Day Challenge: https://daveasprey.com/2026-low-ox-reset/ • Dave Asprey's Latest News | Go to https://daveasprey.com/ to join Inside Track today. • Danger Coffee: https://dangercoffee.com/discount/dave15 • My Daily Supplements: SuppGrade Labs (15% Off) • Favorite Blue Light Blocking Glasses: TrueDark (15% Off) • Dave Asprey's BEYOND Conference: https://beyondconference.com • Dave Asprey's New Book – Heavily Meditated: https://daveasprey.com/heavily-meditated • Upgrade Collective: https://www.ourupgradecollective.com • Upgrade Labs: https://upgradelabs.com Timestamps: 0:00 – Introduction 1:01 – The Playbook vs Workbook 3:47 – Protein & Metabolic Health 6:21 – Mindset & Negativity 7:20 – Histamines & Hot Flashes 10:49 – Women & Strength Training 13:40 – Connective Tissue & EDS 16:15 – Muscle Span & Aging 19:41 – Training for Kids 21:55 – Pain Cave & Discomfort 25:25 – Emotional Regulation 29:46 – Resilience & Dating 32:11 – Building Friction & Discernment 35:47 – Self-Denial vs Awareness 41:03 – Mitochondria & Energy 42:46 – Bigger Booty, Bigger Brain 44:52 – Body Fat vs IMAT 49:01 – Measuring Muscle Health 52:08 – GLP-1s & Muscle Loss 56:12 – Protein Absorption Myths 59:30 – mTOR & Protein 1:01:29 – Closing Thoughts See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

You're about to hear one of the most honest longevity conversations ever recorded. This co hosted episode brings together two longevity leaders with opposing views on how long humans can live, yet enormous respect for each other and the science. Recorded live at Eudemonia, this discussion gives you clear frameworks for longevity, biohacking, human performance, and anti aging without all the tribal thinking that can plague modern health conversations! Watch this episode on YouTube for the full video experience: https://www.youtube.com/@DaveAspreyBPR Host Dave Asprey sits down with Dan Buettner for a rare co hosted podcast that explores where biohacking and Blue Zones philosophy clash and where they surprisingly align. Dan Buettner is a National Geographic Explorer, Emmy Award winning producer, and five time New York Times bestselling author. He is best known for identifying the Blue Zones, regions of the world where people live the longest and healthiest lives. His research has reshaped cities, healthcare systems, and insurance models across the United States, improving health outcomes for more than 10 million Americans. His Netflix series Live to 100: Secrets of the Blue Zones earned six Emmy nominations and won three. Dan is also an accomplished endurance athlete with three Guinness World Records in distance cycling. Together, Dave and Dan debate the true limits of human lifespan, whether longevity is driven more by environment or intervention, and how modern tools like AI, functional medicine, supplements, fasting, ketosis, and sleep optimization compare to walkable communities, movement, and purpose. They explore mitochondria, neuroplasticity, metabolism, brain optimization, and why Smarter Not Harder applies whether you follow a carnivore leaning diet, a bean based diet, or something in between. This episode gives you both sides of the longevity argument and lets you decide what fits your biology, values, and goals. You'll Learn: • Why Dan believes average human lifespan likely tops out in the mid 90s and how Blue Zones support longevity without chronic disease • Why Host Dave Asprey believes biohacking, AI, and modern science could push longevity toward 150, 180, or beyond • How environmental design hacks unconscious behavior more effectively than willpower • The overlooked role of light, darkness, and circadian rhythm in sleep optimization and human performance • How fasting and ketosis support longevity when used strategically instead of obsessively • Why mitochondria signaling may matter more than fixing every cell individually • How neuroplasticity and brain optimization influence aging and resilience • Where supplements and nootropics help and where simplicity wins • The real debate around carnivore diets, carbs, beans, metabolism, and longevity • Why community, purpose, and movement remain foundational even in advanced biohacking • How Danger Coffee fits into energy, focus, and Smarter Not Harder performance strategies Dave Asprey is a four time New York Times bestselling author, founder of Bulletproof Coffee, and the father of biohacking. With over 1,000 interviews and 1 million monthly listeners, The Human Upgrade is the top podcast for people who want to take control of their biology, extend their longevity, and optimize every system in the body and mind. Each episode features cutting edge insights in health, performance, neuroscience, supplements, nutrition, hacking, emotional intelligence, and conscious living. Episodes are released every Tuesday and Thursday, where Dave asks the questions no one else dares, and brings you real tools to become more resilient, aware, and high performing. Thank you to our sponsors! - BodyGuardz | Visit https://www.bodyguardz.com/ and use code DAVE for 25% off. - MASA Chips | Go to https://www.masachips.com/DAVEASPREY and use code DAVEASPREY for 25% off your first order. - Puori | Use code DAVE at http://puori.com/DAVE to get 32% off your Puori Fish Oil when you start a subscription. You save more than $18. - BrainTap | Go to http://braintap.com/dave to get $100 off the BrainTap Power Bundle. Dave Asprey is a four-time New York Times bestselling author, founder of Bulletproof Coffee, and the father of biohacking. With over 1,000 interviews and 1 million monthly listeners, The Human Upgrade brings you the knowledge to take control of your biology, extend your longevity, and optimize every system in your body and mind. Each episode delivers cutting-edge insights in health, performance, neuroscience, supplements, nutrition, biohacking, emotional intelligence, and conscious living. New episodes are released every Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday (BONUS). Dave asks the questions no one else will and gives you real tools to become stronger, smarter, and more resilient. Keywords: longevity debate, biohacking vs blue zones, dave asprey dan buettner, human lifespan limits, how long can humans live, anti aging science, blue zones longevity, environment vs intervention longevity, human performance optimization, mitochondria signaling, aging clocks epigenetics, neuroplasticity aging, brain optimization longevity, sleep optimization circadian rhythm, fasting longevity science, intermittent fasting longevity, ketosis metabolism aging, AI longevity tools, AI exercise training, VO2 max lifespan, metabolism optimization, supplements longevity, nootropics brain health, carnivore diet longevity, beans vs meat longevity, protein mTOR aging, functional medicine longevity, community purpose lifespan, movement vs exercise longevity, light exposure circadian health, darkness sleep longevity, daveasprey biohacking, dan buettner blue zones, smarter not harder longevity, danger coffee performance Resources: • Dan's new podcast: https://danbuettner.com/podcast/ • Dan's website: https://danbuettner.com/ • Dave Asprey's Latest News | Go to https://daveasprey.com/ to join Inside Track today. • Danger Coffee: https://dangercoffee.com/discount/dave15 • My Daily Supplements: SuppGrade Labs (15% Off) • Favorite Blue Light Blocking Glasses: TrueDark (15% Off) • Dave Asprey's BEYOND Conference: https://beyondconference.com • Dave Asprey's New Book – Heavily Meditated: https://daveasprey.com/heavily-meditated • Upgrade Collective: https://www.ourupgradecollective.com • Upgrade Labs: https://upgradelabs.com • 40 Years of Zen: https://40yearsofzen.com Timestamps: 0:00 – Trailer 2:50 – Introduction to Dan Buettner 4:59 – Light & Circadian Biology 7:21 – Aging Science & Interventions 13:18 – Community & Social Connection 15:16 – Biohacking Basics 19:04 – Movement & Exercise 21:20 – Diet & Nutrition Philosophy 31:06 – Dave's Daily Diet 33:49 – Salt & Hydration 41:07 – Marketing & Building Bulletproof 49:10 – Rapid Fire Round 55:00 – Closing Thoughts See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Muscle isn't just for movement: it's your body's largest metabolic organ.   In this episode, we explore the science behind FIT, the peptide that helps your body maintain and rebuild muscle by communicating directly with its repair systems. Learn how FIT inhibits myostatin, activates mTOR, and uses cofactors like vitamin D and magnesium to restore your body's ability to synthesize muscle.   We'll discuss how this peptide differs from supplements, what kind of changes to expect in the first weeks and months, and why protecting muscle is the single most effective strategy for metabolic health and longevity.   Hosted by Leanne Vogel.   Coaching and other supports available at: https://shop.healthfulpursuit.com/    Podcast Sponsors, links and offers available at: https://www.healthfulpursuit.com/podcast/  Bioactive Peptides: https://www.healthfulpursuit.com/make

Most conversations about longevity focus on tactics. This episode breaks down the biology underneath them. You'll hear a systems level analysis of how insulin signaling, mTOR, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and nutrient sensing interact to determine biological age, disease risk, and long term human performance. This is not surface level biohacking. It is a deep dive into the mechanisms that actually control aging, metabolism, muscle preservation, and brain optimization, and why most anti aging strategies fail when they ignore these foundations. This all-time classic episode from 2024, has host Dave Asprey joined by Mark Hyman, a practicing physician and one of the most respected leaders in functional medicine. Dr. Hyman is the founder and senior advisor of The UltraWellnessCenter, the founder and former head of strategy and innovation at the Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine, and a long time advocate for treating root causes instead of managing disease. With over 30 years of clinical experience, his work focuses on restoring mitochondrial health, optimizing metabolism, reversing chronic disease, and slowing biological aging using science backed interventions. Together, Dave and Mark dismantle common myths around protein, carnivore diets, ketosis, fasting, supplements, and longevity drugs. They explain why sugar accelerates aging faster than protein, how mTOR must cycle instead of staying suppressed, and why muscle, mitochondria, and metabolic flexibility matter more than calorie restriction. The conversation also covers nootropics, sleep optimization, neuroplasticity, AI driven diagnostics, and how functional medicine reframes aging as a reversible biological process rather than an inevitable decline. You'll learn: • How insulin and nutrient sensing control aging speed • Why mitochondria sit at the center of longevity and disease • The truth about mTOR, fasting, and protein intake • How ketosis and metabolic flexibility protect long term health • Where supplements and nootropics actually fit in brain optimization • Why functional medicine outperforms symptom based care • How AI and advanced testing are reshaping modern medicine Thank you to our sponsors! - MASA Chips | Go to https://www.masachips.com/DAVEASPREY and use code DAVEASPREY for 25% off your first order. -ARMRA | Go to https://tryarmra.com/ and use the code DAVE to get 15% off your first order. -OneSkin | Try OneSkin for 15% off with code DAVE at https://www.oneskin.co/DAVE. Dave Asprey is a four-time New York Times bestselling author, founder of Bulletproof Coffee, and the father of biohacking. With over 1,000 interviews and 1 million monthly listeners, The Human Upgrade brings you the knowledge to take control of your biology, extend your longevity, and optimize every system in your body and mind. Each episode delivers cutting-edge insights in health, performance, neuroscience, supplements, nutrition, biohacking, emotional intelligence, and conscious living. New episodes are released every Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday (BONUS). Dave asks the questions no one else will and gives you real tools to become stronger, smarter, and more resilient. Keywords: longevity biohacking, functional medicine longevity, biological age reversal, mitochondria and aging, mTOR pathway aging, insulin resistance and aging, metabolic flexibility, fasting and longevity, ketosis and metabolism, protein intake and mTOR, muscle and longevity, inflammaging, chronic inflammation aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, nutrient sensing pathways, rapamycin longevity, metformin longevity debate, carnivore diet longevity, sugar and aging, brain optimization longevity, neuroplasticity and aging, sleep optimization biohacking, supplements for longevity, anti aging metabolism, human performance optimization, Dave Asprey longevity, Mark Hyman longevity Resources: • Mark's Website: https://drhyman.com/ • Dave Asprey's Latest News | Go to https://daveasprey.com/ to join Inside Track today. • Danger Coffee: https://dangercoffee.com/discount/dave15 • My Daily Supplements: SuppGrade Labs (15% Off) • Favorite Blue Light Blocking Glasses: TrueDark (15% Off) • Dave Asprey's BEYOND Conference: https://beyondconference.com • Dave Asprey's New Book – Heavily Meditated: https://daveasprey.com/heavily-meditated • Upgrade Collective: https://www.ourupgradecollective.com • Upgrade Labs: https://upgradelabs.com • 40 Years of Zen: https://40yearsofzen.com Timestamps: 0:00 - Trailer 0:45 - Introduction 4:49 - Aging as a Treatable Disease 7:50 - The Hallmarks of Aging 14:23 - Nutrient Sensing and Longevity Switches 17:37 - Time Restricted Eating and Autophagy 20:44 - The Four Longevity Pathways 21:49 - Metformin Debate 25:30 - Ozempic and Weight Loss 28:42 - Rapamycin and mTOR 36:23 - Meat, Protein, and Aging 39:46 - Protein Quality and Muscle Synthesis 45:50 - Protein Timing for Muscle Building 48:08 - Metabolic Flexibility 51:32 - Inflammaging 55:26 - Zombie Cells and Senescence See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.