Podcasts about carbonic

In Italy's Piedmont region, a new generation of winemakers is challenging centuries-old traditions. With an eye on sustainability and a thirst for innovation, these winemakers are crafting wines that reflect the region's unique terroir in bold and unexpected ways. In our latest episode of Wine Talks, we sit down with Paolo Scaiola, the talented young winemaker at Tenuta Carretta in Piedmont. With experience spanning from Sonoma to Western Australia, Paolo brings a fresh perspective to this historic estate. He's blending centuries-old traditions with modern techniques to create unique expressions of classic grapes like Nebbiolo and Arneis. From experimental sparkling wines to high-altitude Riesling plantings, Paolo shares the cutting-edge projects that are pushing Piedmont's boundaries. We also discuss how climate change is reshaping vineyard practices and the diverse terroirs that make Piedmont's wines so special. Watch the video to expand your wine knowledge and discover how innovation is shaping the future of wine.   Key Takeaways: Introduction (00:00) Studying viticulture in Turin and Alba (03:08) Working at wineries in Sonoma County and Western Australia (04:19) Making sparkling wine from 100% Nebbiolo (11:06) Climate change impact on grape growing in Piedmont, Italy (33:16) Winery experimenting with high-altitude Riesling plantings (49:46) Carbonic maceration for Nebbiolo in Sonoma (59:04) Balancing tradition and innovation in Piedmont winemaking (1:00:18) Differences between Roero and Langhe terroir (1:05:48)   Additional Resources:

We've covered biohacking before, but today we're talking about something brand new: HOCATT. I was curious about this device for so long, and we recently added it to our practice. Since then, it has become a favorite of our clients. HOCATT stands for hyperthermic ozone and carbonic acid transdermal technology. It's a device that utilizes ozone therapy, and its individual components equip it to accomplish a lot of things all at once. One of the biggest things our clients have raved about is how it supports a reduction in pain relief. There are many different places you can use ozone therapy (aside from breathing it in, which is not recommended). It's great on your skin for wound healing, or even in your digestive tract for gut healing. You can also put it in your blood and place the blood back in your body, and you can ingest it or inject it. It can help with sore muscles, circulation, immune system function, muscle relaxation, and more. In HOCATT, infrared heat is used to mimic a mild fever, which triggers your immune response. Carbonic acid is non-toxic, free of side effects, and it can be used to stimulate the release of more oxygen into the cells. If you are dealing with pain, inflammation, or are looking to boost your full-body health, you should definitely try HOCATT. It has over 100 programs to support tissue regeneration, boost your immune systems, and support your central nervous system.   wwww.beautyculturespa.com @beautyculture.medspa  

X-linked retinoschisis is a relatively common inherited retinal degenerative disease that almost exclusively affects males. No curative medical therapy is available for this condition, however topical and oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have been used  for the management of cystoid fluid collections. Dr. Drew Carey interviews authors Dr. Jonathan Hensman and Dr. Camiel J.F. Boon on the results of their Ophthalmology Retina article, “Efficacy of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors on Cystoid Fluid Collections and Visual Acuity in Patients with X-Linked Retinoschisis.” Efficacy of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors on Cystoid Fluid Collections and Visual Acuity in Patients with X-Linked Retinoschisis. Hensman, Jonathan et al. Ophthalmology Retina. In press The Ophthalmology-family of journals is now on Instagram. Follow aaojournal for clinical images, research articles, news, editorials, podcasts, and more! Sign up for the next Ophthalmology Journal Virtual Club on June 19, 2024, at https://store.aao.org/ophthalmology-virtual-journal-club.html

Deep inside your coffee grinder, tiny changes can have massive consequences. This episode takes you deep inside Mahlkönig's grinders to show you how coffee is ground and the importance of particle sizes on flavour. If you're a home coffee lover, you could easily spend thousands of dollars on your coffee grinder. But after diving deep into the R&D of grinder manufacturing, I learned that after a certain point spending more probably won't produce a better tasting cup of coffee for you! ---------Please spread the word about The Science of Coffee! Discover how I make these Filter Stories episodes by subscribing to my Substack newsletter. Write a review on Apple PodcastsFollow me on Instagram and tag me in an Instagram storyLeave a 5 star rating on Spotify Explore Mahlkönig's range of world leading grinders, trusted by baristas globally. Go deeper into the world of grinding Take Barista Hustle's Advanced Espresso courseLearn from Lance Hedrick where the sweet spot is for buying a coffee grinderGet super nerdy with Jonathan Gagné's writings on grindingRead up on Samo Smrke's work on coffee fines Connect with my very knowledgeable guests Arnaldo Rodrigues - LinkedInLuca Lange - LinkedInChris Meier - LinkedInDario Burger - Instagram The Science of Coffee is made possible by these leading coffee organisations: BWT Water and MoreMarco Beverage SystemsROESTSustainable HarvestMahlkönig The Science of Coffee is a spin-off series from James Harper's documentary podcast Filter Stories

No Time To Read podcast S3E1 Plant carbonic anhydrase-like enzymes in neuroactive alkaloid biosynthesis Guest: Ryan Nett, Assistant Professor, Department of Molecular and cellular Biology, Harvard University Twitter/X: @rnett42 Host: Arif Ashraf, Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Howard University Twitter/X: @aribidopsis --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/no-time-to-read-podcast/message

In the last episode, I discovered that rinsing my Chemex filter papers was a waste of time! As a result I've managed to claw back over seven days of my life left on earth. But why stop there? The coffee industry is full of elaborate ways of brewing and savouring coffee: fancy drippers, cold metal balls, “slurp-able” cupping spoons.These are very fun, but how many of them actually affect the flavour of our coffee?I fear elaborate coffee gear is wasting our time and money. They're distracting us from the existential crises in coffee that actually require all our attention now. For example, the issue of farmers who grow delicious coffees quitting the business because it's just getting too hard. But to figure out whether a popular new coffee tool was actually waste of time or not, I needed to think like a scientist. This episode is the journey I went on to rewire my brain: I had to learn what good evidence looks like, what to do if I can't find good evidence, and why it's important to focus mostly on experimental results while resisting the allure of a compelling theory. Please spread the word about The Science of Coffee!Discover how I make these Filter Stories episodes by subscribing to my Substack newsletter. Leave a 5 star rating on SpotifyFollow me on Instagram and tag me in an Instagram storyWrite a review on Apple PodcastsDiscover this episode's sponsor BWT's water filtration products. I use their Penguin magnesium filter cartridges and cafes can use their BestAqua ROCDive deeper into the science of slurping, water and Signal Detection TheoryDo a Certificate of Advanced Studies with the Coffee Excellence CentreRead Georgiana's paper on soup slurpingLearn more about Signal Detection TheoryExplore BWT White Paper on the effects of magnesium (German)Browse Christopher Hendon's book Water for Coffee Take Barista Hustle's Water course Watch James Hoffman's water videoConnect with my very knowledgeable guestsMorten Munchow - Coffee Mind websiteJeremy Nelson - LinkedInSamo Smrke - InstagramGeorgiana Juravle - Google ScholarYoung Baek - InstagramFrank Neuhausen - LinkedInSergio Barbarisi - LinkedInAlessandro Genovese - LinkedInThe Science of Coffee is made possible by these leading coffee organisations:BWT Water and MoreMarco Beverage Systems ROEST Sustainable Harvest MahlkönigThe Science of Coffee is a spin-off series from James Harper's documentary podcast Filter Stories

Should you rinse your filter paper before making a filter coffee? Almost everybody in coffee internet says you should. But what if most of coffee internet was wrong?In this episode, I show you how I try to answer this question like a professional sensory scientist would. It's hard. It's frustrating. But ultimately, it's worth it because I end up saving seven days of my life left on earth!Please spread the word about The Science of Coffee!Discover how I make these Filter Stories episodes by subscribing to my Substack newsletterLeave a 5 star rating on SpotifyFollow me on Instagram and tag me in an Instagram storyWrite a review on Apple PodcastsBring out vibrancy in your coffee with BWT's magnesium water filters for the home and cafeDive deeper into sensory science methodologiesTake Becky Bleimbaum's free introductory sensory science course! Set up a triangulation yourself with DragonflySci's worksheetsUnderstand Rosemary Pangborn's three step process better with Morten Münchow (“Pangborn's Razor”)Do a Certificate of Advanced Studies with the Coffee Excellence CentreConnect with my very knowledgeable guestsMorten Munchow - Coffee Mind websiteBecky Bleibaum - LinkedInSamo Smrke - InstagramSophie Vo - LinkedInThe Science of Coffee is made possible by these leading coffee organisations:BWT Water and MoreMarco Beverage SystemsROESTSustainable HarvestMahlkönigThe Science of Coffee is a spin-off series from James Harper's documentary podcast Filter Stories

Farming coffee organically is amazing because soils are more alive, birds and insects are more plentiful, farmers avoid getting sick with agrochemicals. But, if it's so great, why is less than 10% of the world's coffee grown organically?The fact is, going organic is hard. Much harder than growing coffee conventionally. In this episode I show you the story of one of Central America's most successful organic coffee cooperatives, RAOS, and the four big hurdles that stood in the way of their early founders who all dreamed of converting their farms to organic.This story changed my understanding of farming and is now the reason I choose organic specialty coffee whenever I can. Please spread the word about The Science of Coffee!Discover how I make these Filter Stories episodes by subscribing to my Substack newsletterFollow me on Instagram and tag me in an Instagram storyWrite a review on Apple PodcastsLeave a 5 star rating on SpotifyDive deeper into organic coffeeLearn more about Sustainable Harvest's Most Valuable Producer programme, their cupping app Tastify, and explore their range of certified organic and Fairtrade coffeesExplore RAOS (Cooperativa Regional Mixta de Agricultores Organicos de la Sierra)'s story for yourselfAre you a coffee farmer? Get in touch with Lalo Perez VaraonaConnect with my very knowledgeable guestsLalo Perez Varaona - LinkedInJorge Cuevas - LinkedInAndrea Futterer - GEPA websiteOsman Contreras - LinkedInRoberto Rene Gonzales - Farm websiteThe Science of Coffee is made possible by these leading coffee organisationsBWT Water and MoreMarco Beverage SystemsROESTSustainable HarvestMahlkönigThe Science of Coffee is a spin-off series from James Harper's documentary podcast Filter Stories

VYS0037 | Elvis with a Flaming Sword - Vayse to Face with AP Strange - Show Notes In this episode Vayse welcomes AP Strange, a writer, researcher and blogger with a near encyclopaedic knowledge of all things weird and a wicked sense of humour to go with it. Hine and Buckley shake down AP's voluminous brain on a wide range of bizarre topics and greedily feast on the nuggets of information that fall out, including the answers to such questions as: What were the entities that revealed the future to AP as a child and why did he liken them to Mikey Mouse's gloves? Did AP take a ghost for a spin in his Mustang and what was revealed when he got a tarot reading from this suspected phantom? Why is a sense of humour essential to an open mind and what happens if you don't embrace that? How can we learn to receive messages from the cosmos and allow a little more Strange into our lives? How and why do people so often ignore their own experiences of High Strangeness and should more of us be open to accepting the King of Rock 'n' Roll's Flaming Sword...? (Recorded 18 February 2024) Thanks to AP for generously giving us time from his busy Sunday morning and thanks as always to Keith for his valiant and tireless work on the ever increasing show notes, give the man a follow: @peakflow.bsky.social AP Strange online Website/blog (https://www.apstrange.com/) Twitter (https://twitter.com/AProdigiosus) Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/apstrange23/) Holy Donut Revival Hour - YouTube channel (https://www.youtube.com/@DonutRevival) Holy Donut Revival Hour on Twitter (https://twitter.com/donutrevival) Holy Donut Revival Hour - Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/DonutRevival) AP's blog posts referenced in the episode My Personal Experience with the Phenomenon, Which I've told on Podcasts Too Many Times (https://www.apstrange.com/p/my-personal-experience-with-phenomenon.html) Emanations From the Clown Realm - Legend Tripping, Hilarious Magic, and Synchronicity (https://www.apstrange.com/search?q=sandown+clown) The Journey of the Fool (https://www.apstrange.com/2023/11/the-journey-of-fool.html) From Brooklyn to Neptune: The Bugs Bunny / UFO Connection! (https://www.apstrange.com/2021/02/from-brooklyn-to-neptune-bugs-bunny-ufo.html) Elvis by the Numbers or: The King and the Tower of Death (https://www.apstrange.com/2022/08/elvis-by-numbers-or-king-and-tower-of.html) The Paradox of Credibility When Confronting the Incredible (https://www.apstrange.com/2023/11/the-paradox-of-credibility-when.html) The Spooky Side of Disclosure (https://www.apstrange.com/2024/01/the-spooky-side-of-disclosure.html) Wight Magic and the Sandown Ghost Clown (https://www.apstrange.com/2023/09/wight-magic-and-sandown-ghost-clown.html) Star-cross'd Lovers (https://www.apstrange.com/2024/02/star-crossd-lovers.html) Dispatches From Jerry's Impossible Hallway (https://www.apstrange.com/2024/01/dispatches-from-jerrys-impossible.html) Hine's Intro Ultraviolet (radiation) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet) Carbonic Acid - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonic_acid) Dihydrogen monoxide parody - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrogen_monoxide_parody) Trellis (architecture) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trellis_(architecture)) Gremlins 2: Secretary - "Coffee" - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watchv=bk8vxL-6zpA) Paranormality magazine (https://paranormalitymag.com/) HighStrange magazine (https://high-strange.com/) SJ Brick on Twitter (https://twitter.com/Brick_Mojo) HDRH 6.0: Secrets of the Real Black Lodge Revealed with Allen Greenfield - Part One (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fYu3-laiYhU) HDRH 6.5: Secrets of the Real Black Lodge Revealed with Allen Greenfield! Part Two (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QaGkRXtRUpI) Some Other Sphere podcast (https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/some-other-sphere/id1459984683) Strange Familiars podcast (https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/strangefamiliars/id1203110397) Project Archivist podcast (https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/projectarchivist/id1170845611) Our Strange Skies podcast (https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-strange-skies-ufos-throughouthistory/id1546735571) Where Did The Road Go? podcast (https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/where-did-the-road-go/id597316507) AP's personal experience with the phenomenon, which he's told on podcasts too many times Mickey Mouse - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey_Mouse) McDonald's - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald's) My Personal Experience with the Phenomenon, Which I've told on Podcasts Too Many Times - AP Strange (https://www.apstrange.com/p/my-personal-experience-with-phenomenon.html) Monster Munch - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monster_Munch) Why cartoon characters wear gloves - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watchv=3R3cvbLsbAk) Precognition - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precognition) Out-of-body experience - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-body_experience) Time travel - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travel) What Did Einstein Mean By Time is an Illusion? (https://interestingengineering.com/science/what-einstein-meant-by-time-is-an-illusion) Albert Einstein - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein) Quantum mechanics - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics) The birds and the bees - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_birds_and_the_bees) Eternalism (philosophy of time) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eternalism_(philosophy_of_time)) H.G. Wells - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._G._Wells) The Time Machine - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Time_Machine) The Time Machine (1960 film) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Time_Machine_(1960_film)) The Time Machine Official Trailer #1 - Rod Taylor Movie (1960) HD - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36UQCZEsY9g) Rod Taylor - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_Taylor) The Birds (film) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Birds_(film)) The Birds (1963) Trailer - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fJh2gIBOto) Impact of Non-linear Time: A Life Perspective - All The Differences (https://allthedifferences.com/nonlinear-time-concept-lives-explored/) Psychometry (paranormal) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychometry_(paranormal)) Time Loops: Precognition, Retrocausation, and the Unconscious by Eric Wargo - Goodreads (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/41132463-time-loops) The Shamanic Journey - Shaman Links (https://www.shamanlinks.net/shaman-info/about-shamanism/the-shamanic-journey/) Greco-Roman mysteries (mystery schools) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries) The Secret Meanings of Your Cartoon Dreams: Interpreting the Symbols and Messages - Inside My Dream (https://insidemydream.com/cartoon-dream-meaning/) Cartoon physics - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartoon_physics) Top 10 Cartoon Logic That Make No Sense - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oR11dPVOGsY) Surrealism - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrealism) Poltergeist - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poltergeist) Toy Story - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy_Story) Toy Story (1995) Trailer #1 | Movieclips Classic Trailers - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-PjgYDrg70) Toy Story: Andy is coming up the stairs! - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPjs6ZDQrEU) Tommy Steele - I Puts the Lightie On (78rpm - 1958) - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6ufGFP1cj8) What Is The Space-Time Continuum? - IFL Science (https://www.iflscience.com/what-is-the-space-time-continuum-72244) 3D printing - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing) Robert Anton Wilson - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Anton_Wilson) Creative Agnosticism by Robert Anton Wilson - Cognitive Liberty (http://www.cognitiveliberty.org/ccle1/4jcl/4JCL61.htm) Reality Tunnel - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_tunnel) Sam, The Sandown Ghost Clown The Isle of Wight Entity Case: AFU Special Case Report Number One - Goodreads (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/208148989-the-isle-of-wight-entity-case) 151: Clowning Around with Stephanie Quick & AP Strange (Sam, the Sandown Clown) - Our Strange Skies podcast (https://audioboom.com/posts/8373390-151-clowning-around-with-stephanie-quick-ap-strange-sam-the-sandown-clown) Bufora Journal Vol 6, No 5, Jan/Feb 1978 - Bufora.org (https://bufora.org.uk/documents/BUFORAJournalVolume6No.5JanFeb1978.pdf) Note: The article which contains the Sandown Clown report starts on page 9. Sam The Sandown Ghost Clown - The Cryptonaut Podcast (https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/sam-the-sandown-ghost-clown/id1331837883?i=1000423668154) Sam the Sandown Ghost Clown (England) - Cryptopia (https://www.cryptopia.us/site/2018/11/sam-the-sandown-ghost-clown-england/) The Sandown “Ghost Clown,” 1973 - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBdfBTXWtFo) Warminster - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warminster) Wiltshire - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshire) Emanations From the Clown Realm - Legend Tripping, Hilarious Magic, and Synchronicity - AP Strange blog post (https://www.apstrange.com/search?q=sandown+clown) Childhood hallucinations are surprisingly common – but why? - The Guardian (https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/jun/07/childhood-hallucinations-common-research-psychotic-schizophrenia-why) Brain scans show how LSD mimics mind of a baby - Reuters (https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN0X82AK/) Theta waves in children's waking electroencephalogram resemble local aspects of sleep during wakefulness - NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5593855/) What do psychedelics, meditation, and babies have in common? - Jeff Valdivia on Medium (https://jeff-valdivia.medium.com/what-do-psychedelics-meditation-and-babies-have-in-common-5f75690ef0d9) What is high strangeness? High Strangeness And Understanding It - Global Bizarre (https://globalbizarre.com/high-strangeness/) Psychosocial UFO hypothesis - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychosocial_UFO_hypothesis) The Clown/MiB Connection by Fred Andersson - Medium (https://fred-andersson.medium.com/the-clown-mib-connection-180c97617b8f) Hypnotic induction - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnotic_induction) Derren Brown - Snapping Induction - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ka22sDSniKg) Jacques Vallée - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Vall%C3%A9e) Men in black - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men_in_black) John Keel - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Keel) Is Consciousness Part of the Fabric of the Universe? - Scientific American (https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-consciousness-part-of-the-fabric-of-the-universe1/) As above, so below - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As_above,_so_below) Quantum entanglement - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglement) Time travel - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travel) Jacques Vallée, Ph.D. on the UFO Phenomenon being a Genuine Scientific Problem - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWsWpa1Lfl4) - Presentation by JV. Includes an analysis of the correlation between degrees of strangeness and reported/unreported cases Synchronicity - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronicity) Mick West - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mick_West) Jaime Maussan - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaime_Maussan) Liminality, anti-structure, and reckless wizards VYS0036 | Infinite Game - Vayse to Face with Joseph Matheny (https://www.vayse.co.uk/vys0036) Alternate reality game (ARG) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternate_reality_game) Consensus reality - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_reality) The Trickster and the Paranormal by George P Hansen - Goodreads (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/669028.The_Trickster_and_the_Paranormal) Liminality - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liminality) Structure vs. Communitas/Antistructure: Victor Turner on the two modes of human society - Living Philosophy (https://www.thelivingphilosophy.com/structure-vs-communitas-antistructure/) Shamanism - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanism) Hermetic Qabalah - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermetic_Qabalah) Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn) The Meaning of Magic - Psychology Today (https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/hide-and-seek/202008/the-meaning-magic) Israel Regardie - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Regardie) The Middle Pillar: The Balance Between Mind and Magic by Israel Regardie - Goodreads (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/377494.The_Middle_Pillar) Shamans among us, and the disappearing tarot reader Shamans as Healers, Counsellors, and Psychotherapists - Research Gate (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286007361_Shamans_as_Healers_Counselors_and_Psychotherapists) Exploring Modern Shamanism: Practices, Challenges, and Benefits in Today's World - Go Ask Uncle (https://goaskuncle.com/exploring-modern-shamanism-practices-challenges-and-benefits-in-todays-world/) Tarot - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot) Cataract - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataract) Ford Mustang - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Mustang) Psychic - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychic) Crystal ball - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_ball) The Size Of Sports Balls Compared - Measuring Stuff (https://measuringstuff.com/the-size-of-sports-balls-compared/) Cherry - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry) Rubber up - Word Sense (https://www.wordsense.eu/rubber_up/) Hair bleaching - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_bleaching) Parallel universes, alternative lives, and the simulation hypothesis In a Parallel Universe, Another You - New York Times (https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/20/special-series/michio-kaku-multiverse-reality.html) The Shamanic Journey - Shaman Links (https://www.shamanlinks.net/shaman-info/about-shamanism/the-shamanic-journey/) Spirit guide - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirit_guide) Anthony Peake's website (https://www.anthonypeake.com/) Is There Life After Death? The Extraordinary Science of What Happens When We Die by Anthony Peake - Goodreads (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1261585.Is_There_Life_After_Death_The_Extraordinary_Science_of_What_Happens_When_We_Die) Cheating the Ferryman: The Revolutionary Science of Life After Death by Anthony Peake - Goodreads (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/59743798-cheating-the-ferryman) Simulation hypothesis - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_hypothesis) The Simulation Hypothesis by Rizwan Virk - Goodreads (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/44141381-the-simulation-hypothesis) Potato chip - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato_chip) Clockwork universe - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clockwork_universe) Vedanta - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta) Hinduism - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism) Buddhism - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism) Dharmachakra - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmachakra) Bhavacakra (Wheel of Life) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhavacakra) Maya (religion) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_(religion)) Quantum physics - New Scientist (https://www.newscientist.com/definition/quantum-physics/) Holodeck (Star Trek) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holodeck) The Matrix - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Matrix) Allegory of the cave (Plato) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegory_of_the_cave) Sutra - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutra) Hindu saints - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_saints) Bit - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit) Binary code - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_code) Quantum computing - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing) Christopher Walken - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Walken) VYS0034 | The Weird Review of the Year 2023 Pt.1 (https://www.vayse.co.uk/vys0034) The Weird Review of the Year 2023 Pt.2 (https://www.vayse.co.uk/vys0035) Video-game - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game) Wave function - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_function) Quantum non-locality - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_nonlocality) Selective rendering: Computing only what you see - Research Gate (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220979059_Selective_rendering_Computing_only_what_you_see) Messages from the Cosmos Western esotericism - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_esotericism) Mysticism - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysticism) Koan - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koan) Ram Dass - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Dass) Be Here Now (book) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be_Here_Now_(book)) Be Here Now by Ram Dass - Goodreads (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/41580312-be-here-now) Ram Dass Quote on Moving Forward and How Your Next Message Is Always Right Where You Are - Move Me Quotes (https://movemequotes.com/sunbeams-7/) Active Meditation: How to Meditate While You Move - PsychCentral (https://psychcentral.com/health/active-meditation) Animism - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animism) Cultivating a Practice of Sacred Nature Connection - Wild Rhythms (https://wild-rhythms.com/blog/2020/10/18/cultivating-a-practice-of-sacred-nature-connection/) Playing card - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playing_card) Fortune cookie - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_cookie) Synchronicity - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronicity) George Washington - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington) The George Washington connection to the north Lancashire village of Warton - Great British Life (https://www.greatbritishlife.co.uk/homes-and-gardens/places-to-live/22624334.george-washington-connection-north-lancashire-village-warton/) Scrabble - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrabble) Tarot - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot) The Fool (Tarot card) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fool_(tarot_card)) The Journey of the Fool - AP Strange (https://www.apstrange.com/2023/11/the-journey-of-fool.html) Lateral thinking - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_thinking) Dream logic helps us understand the workings of the brain and mind - Psychology Today (https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/sleepless-in-america/202009/dream-logic) Intuition - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intuition) Allen Greenfield on Twitter (https://twitter.com/allengreenfield) Illuminism - Encyclopedia.com (https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/illuminism) Gnosis - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosis) Talk Gnosis - Free Illuminism, Memphis Misraim, & Hidden Realms w/Dr. Allen Greenfield - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3d81_QKkUk) Empty Your Cup: Why Unlearning Is Vital for Success - Psychology Today (https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-adaptive-mind/202307/empty-your-cup-why-unlearning-is-vital-for-success) Stephanie Quick's blog (https://stephaniequick.home.blog/) Humour in occultism, forgetting weird experiences, and generating synchronicities From Brooklyn to Neptune: The Bugs Bunny / UFO Connection! - AP Strange (https://www.apstrange.com/2021/02/from-brooklyn-to-neptune-bugs-bunny-ufo.html) Elvis by the Numbers or: The King and the Tower of Death - AP Strange (https://www.apstrange.com/2022/08/elvis-by-numbers-or-king-and-tower-of.html) Flaming sword (mythology) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaming_sword_(mythology)) Aleister Crowley - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleister_Crowley) Guardian angel: Thelema - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_angel#Thelema) List of demons in the Ars Goetia - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_demons_in_the_Ars_Goetia) Lesser ritual of the pentagram - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_ritual_of_the_pentagram) Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons) Heavy Metal (magazine) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_Metal_(magazine)) Horror film - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horror_film) Shared Hallucinations & Parallel Universes: Joint Adventures in Holographic Dreamscapes - Official Brendan Murphy (https://officialbrendanmurphy.substack.com/p/shared-hallucinations-and-parallel) Poltergeist - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poltergeist) The Neuroscience of How We Intentionally Forget Experiences - Psychology Today (https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-athletes-way/201605/the-neuroscience-how-we-intentionally-forget-experiences) Dishwasher - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dishwasher) Fruitcake - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruitcake) How To Induce Synchronicities - Ghost Dog is a Mystery Box (Steph Quick) (https://stephaniequick.home.blog/2019/01/23/how-to-induce-synchronicities/) Coincidence - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coincidence) AP's spiritual beliefs Ontology - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology) Discordianism - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discordianism) Buddhism - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism) Taoism (Daoism) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism) Vedas - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedas) Hinduism - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism) Transcendental Meditation - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation) Witchcraft - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witchcraft) Hermetism and other religions: Christianity - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermetism_and_other_religions#Christianity) Western esotericism - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_esotericism) Mysticism - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysticism) The Communion of Saints - Simply Catholic (https://www.simplycatholic.com/the-communion-of-saints/) The Practice of Contemplative Prayer - Catholic Exchange (https://catholicexchange.com/practice-contemplative-prayer/) An Introduction to the Basic Beliefs of the Vodou (Voodoo) Religion (https://www.learnreligions.com/vodou-an-introduction-for-beginners-95712) Dyson Sphere - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyson_sphere) AP's take on the whole disclosure thing David Grusch UFO whistleblower claims - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Grusch_UFO_whistleblower_claims) Extraterrestrial UFO hypothesis - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraterrestrial_UFO_hypothesis) Astrophysics - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysics) Jellyfish UAP Megathread - Reddit (https://www.reddit.com/r/UFOs/comments/193gzll/jellyfish_uap_megathread/) Jeremy Corbell - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Corbell) The Paradox of Credibility When Confronting the Incredible - AP Strange (https://www.apstrange.com/2023/11/the-paradox-of-credibility-when.html) The Spooky Side of Disclosure - AP Strange (https://www.apstrange.com/2024/01/the-spooky-side-of-disclosure.html) Perception management - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception_management) What are UAPs, and why do UFOs have a new name? - CBS News (https://www.cbsnews.com/news/what-are-uaps-unexplained-aerial-phenomenon-ufos-new-name/) Non-Human Intelligence (NHI) - Unidentified Phenomena (https://unidentifiedphenomena.com/topics/non-human-intelligence-nhi/) Diana Walsh Pasulka - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Walsh_Pasulka) History of espionage - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_espionage) Secret society - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_society) UFO Sightings by Country 2024 - World Population Review (https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/ufo-sightings-by-country) The new American religion of UFOs (includes conversation with Diana Pasulka) - Vox (https://www.vox.com/culture/2019/6/4/18632778/ufo-aliens-american-cosmic-diana-pasulka) Cybernetics - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics) Ronald Mcdonald - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_McDonald) Philip K. Dick - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_K._Dick) Weird Studies Episode 20: The Trash Stratum - Part 1 (https://www.weirdstudies.com/20) Weird Studies Episode 21: The Trash Stratum - Part 2 (https://www.weirdstudies.com/21) Marginalia - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginalia) The X-Files – "The truth is out there" - ACMI (https://www.acmi.net.au/stories-and-ideas/the-x-files-the-truth-is-out-there/) Maybe The Real Treasure Was the Friends We Made Along the Way - Know Your Meme (https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/maybe-the-real-treasure-was-the-friends-we-made-along-the-way) Return of the Sandown Ghost Clown Wight Magic and the Sandown Ghost Clown - AP Strange (https://www.apstrange.com/2023/09/wight-magic-and-sandown-ghost-clown.html) The Ghosts of Gettysburg: A Haunted History of a Battlefield - War History Online (https://www.warhistoryonline.com/instant-articles/battle-of-gettysburg-the-haunted.html) Isle of Wight Festival 1970 - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_Festival_1970) Hawkwind - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawkwind) Pink Floyd - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_Floyd) Black Widow (band) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Widow_(band)) Black Widow - Come To The Sabbat (1972) - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDk4UtCOQ5E) In 1926, Houdini Spent 4 Days Shaming Congress for Being in Thrall to Fortune-Tellers - Atlas Obscura (https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/in-1926-houdini-spent-4-days-shaming-congress-for-being-in-thrall-to-fortunetellers) Finding weirdness in the mundane Star-cross'd Lovers - AP Strange (https://www.apstrange.com/2024/02/star-crossd-lovers.html) Dispatches From Jerry's Impossible Hallway - AP Strange (https://www.apstrange.com/2024/01/dispatches-from-jerrys-impossible.html) Frasier (tv sitcom) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frasier) When Even the Simplest Word Looks Weird And Wrong You Have Wordnesia - Smithsonian Magazine (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/when-even-simplest-word-looks-weird-and-wrong-you-have-wordnesia-180954539/) Semantic satiation - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_satiation) Aphorism - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphorism) House of Frankenstein (film, 1944) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Frankenstein_(film)) House of Frankenstein (1944) Official Trailer #1 - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I90bPakb1zs) Igor (character) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_(character)) Bela Lugosi - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi) The Hunchback Of Notre-Dame (novel) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre-Dame) Quasimodo - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasimodo) AP's recommendations The Mixed-Up Masters of Early Animation - The New Yorker (https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/12/28/the-mixed-up-masters-of-early-animation) Surrealism - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrealism) Un Chien Andalou - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un_Chien_Andalou) TRIGGER WARNING - Un Chien Andalou - Full Movie - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JbBfHy2qNeA) Salvador Dalí - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD) Luis Buñuel - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel) Epic poetry - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_poetry) Victorian literature - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_literature) Pulp magazine - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_magazine) Marvel Cinematic Universe - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_Cinematic_Universe) Iron Maiden (band) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Maiden) Buckley's closing story Hartlepool - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartlepool) Hartlepool: Monkeys - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartlepool#Monkeys) Monkey hanger - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkey_hanger) The Man-Monkey of Shropshire Union Canal - Spooky Isles (https://www.spookyisles.com/man-monkey-shropshire-union-canal/) The Pond Square Chicken, Highgate - Mysterious Britain (https://www.mysteriousbritain.co.uk/hauntings/pond-square-chicken-highgate/) The Bizarre, True Story of Gef the Talking Mongoose - Atlas Obscura (https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/gef-the-talking-mongoose-true-story-nandor-fodor) Francis Bacon - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon) Salmonella - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella) Vayse Online Vayse website (https://www.vayse.co.uk/) Vayse on Twitter (https://twitter.com/vayseesyav) Vayse on Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/vayseesyav/) Music From Vayse: Volume 1 by Polypores - Bandcamp (https://vayse.bandcamp.com/album/music-from-vayse-volume-1) Vayse on Ko-Fi (https://ko-fi.com/vayse) Vayse email: vayseinfo@gmail.com Special Guest: AP Strange.

The world's farming soils are deteriorating quickly.Conventional coffee farming where plants are grown using agrochemicals allowed farmers to reap huge harvests these last 70 years. But these agrochemicals have been at the expense of soil health. I travel to Honduras to explore a potential solution: organic coffee farming.Come with me as I show you the organic farming tricks of Don Rufino, one of the region's leading organic farmers. He nurtures the soil around his coffee trees using mountain microorganisms, a huge diversity of shade trees, attentive tree pruning, and very funky batches of homemade bug spray. The results speak for themselves: when I pick up a handful of his soil, it is moist, dense and writhing with life. Could these cultivation techniques be the answer to the coffee world's declining soil health?Please spread the word about The Science of Coffee!Discover how I make these Filter Stories episodes by subscribing to my Substack newsletter! Follow me on Instagram and tag me in an Instagram storyWrite a review on Apple PodcastsLeave a 5 star rating on SpotifyDive deeper into organic coffeeExplore Sustainable Harvest's range of certified organic and Fairtrade coffeesAre you a coffee farmer? Get in touch with Lalo Perez VaraonaCheck out Don Rufino's organic cooperative, RAOSConnect with my very knowledgeable guestsLalo Perez Varaona - LinkedInTommie Hooft van Huysduynen - LinkedInAlison Streaker - LinkedInThe Science of Coffee is made possible by these leading coffee organisationsBWT Water and MoreMarco Beverage SystemsROESTSustainable HarvestMahlkönigThe Science of Coffee is a spin-off series from James Harper's documentary podcast Filter Stories

Roasting coffee can be maddening. Just 4° Celsius is enough to make the same green beans taste distinctly different! And there are so many things roasters can play around with: temperature, time, fan speed, drum speed, types of probes…the list goes on and on. So, if you want to start roasting yourself, where do you start!?In the first half of this episode, I interview one of the world's leading roasting teachers who takes me through his published scientific research to give a clear answer. It's as simple as 80%, 15% and 5%. And then, in the second half, I show you why roasting coffee consistently batch-after-batch is so difficult. But these problems are finally being solved with smart technologies. I visited the ROEST engineering team in Oslo and cracked open their innovative prototype P3000 roaster to show you the technology that allows anybody to roast coffee consistently and fully automatically. I am so impressed with these innovations, I believe they're going to change the coffee industry.Please spread the word about The Science of Coffee!Follow me on Instagram and tag me in an Instagram storyWrite a review on Apple PodcastsLeave a 5 star rating on SpotifyDive deeper into the science of roastingExplore ROEST's innovative products for the coffee industry.Learn more from Morten Münchow and his coffee roasting coursesRead Morten's paper in collaboration with the University of Copenhagen on Roasting Conditions and Coffee FlavourConnect with my very knowledgeable guestsSverre Simonsen - LinkedInCallum Gilmour - LinkedInVeronica Balduc - LinkedInMorten Münchow - Coffee Mind websiteScott Rao - InstagramThe Science of Coffee is made possible by these leading coffee organisationsBWT Water and MoreMarco Beverage SystemsROESTSustainable HarvestMahlkönigThe Science of Coffee is a spin-off series from James Harper's documentary podcast Filter Stories

Ever wonder why you and your friends can taste the same coffee, but you can't agree on the flavour notes? Join me as I explore this metaphysical mystery! I speak with leading scientists and ask: are the flavour receptors in your nose and mouth the same as mine? How does music and the shape of a cup affect what we taste? What about our different cultural backgrounds and language? Best of all, I put all these questions to the test in the Athen's World of Coffee trade show. Many poor unsuspecting Filter Stories spit, splutter and gasp in the name of science!---------See Marco Beverage Systems' SP9 for yourself, and discover their range of consistent and energy-efficient coffee brewers for your cafe. Please spread the word about The Science of Coffee!Follow me on Instagram and tag me in an Instagram storyWrite a review on Apple PodcastsLeave a 5 star rating on SpotifyConnect with my very knowledgeable guestsHelene Hopfer - LinkedInJoel Mainland - LinkedInFabiana Carvalho - InstagramJanice Wang - LinkedInFelipe Reinoso - LinkedInFreda Yuan - InstagramMandy Naglich - InstagramThe Science of Coffee is made possible by these leading coffee organisations:BWT Water and MoreMarco Beverage SystemsROESTSustainable HarvestMahlkönigThe Science of Coffee is a spin-off series from James Harper's documentary podcast Filter Stories

So you've just taken a sip of a very rare coffee, and flavours of passion fruit explode in your mouth.But here's the thing: that flavour of passion fruit is not coming from your mouth. It's not even coming from your nostrils. It's being picked up behind your eyes!In this first episode of The Science of Coffee's second series, I unravel how our sense of smell and taste works to help you be a better coffee taster. I shrink us down microscopically and we dive into your tongue to show you why good black coffee tastes sweet, even though there's no sugar in it. We then travel up into our noses and get stuck in a lot of mucus. This slime might be disgusting, but we need it to be able to smell well. And finally, with the help of tasting expert and author Mandy Naglich, I show you three effective ways you can train yourself to be a much better coffee taster without having to go on any expensive courses. The trick is to train our internal flavour prediction models!This episode will help you deepen your appreciation of coffee and its delicious complexity. ---------See Marco Beverage Systems' SP9 for yourself, and discover their range of consistent and energy-efficient coffee brewers for your cafe. Please spread the word about The Science of Coffee!Follow me on Instagram and tag me in an Instagram storyWrite a review on Apple PodcastsLeave a 5 star rating on SpotifyBecome a better coffee taster!Pick up a copy of Mandy Naglich's book “How To Taste”Sign up for the Specialty Coffee Association's Sensory Skills coursesDo an online sensory course with CoffeeMindConnect with my very knowledgeable guestsMandy Naglich - InstagramLinda Bartoshuk - WebsiteJoel Mainland - LinkedInFabiana Carvalho - InstagramJanice Wang - LinkedInPeter Giuliano - LinkedInBram De Hoog - InstagramThe Science of Coffee is made possible by these leading coffee organisations:BWT Water and MoreMarco Beverage SystemsROESTSustainable HarvestMahlkönigThe Science of Coffee is a spin-off series from James Harper's documentary podcast Filter Stories

In the first part of this episode of the Curious Realm host Christopher Jordan welcomes visionary and founder of Carobonic Certainty, a new way of thinking and being which ties the frequencies ion the world around us directly to the carbon we exhale, while giving you the chance for complete spiritual rebirth with every inhale. Learn how you can be the “Diamond Vehicle” you were created to be through the principles of Carbonic Certainty! In the second part of the episode, we welcome Craig Woolheater, co-founder of Cryptomundo as well as the long-running Texas Bigfoot Conference. For more than 20 years this amazing event has been bringing together researchers the world of cryptozoology and those known as “Squatchers” to no only share stories and research, but to build an amazing and supportive community. Join the Curious Realm as we delve into the topics of Carbonic Certainty with Yaw Nesari and the 2023 TX Bigfoot Conference with Craig Woolheater. Curious Realm is a proud member of the HC Universal Network family of podcasts. For more great shows and content subscribe at HCUniversalNetwork.com. Curious Realm would like to thank the continuing support of our listeners and sponsors including PodcastCadet.com, Use Code Curious20 to save 20% off today! Curious Realm has teamed up with True Hemp Science, Austin, TX based suppliers of high-quality full spectrum emulsified CBD products and more. Visit TrueHempScience.com TODAY and use code Curious7 to save 7% off your order of $50 or more and get a free 50mg CBD edible! Website live streams powered by Web Work Wireless. For the best in home and business WiFi solutions visit WebWorksWireless.com. Intro music “A Curious Realm” provided by No Disassemble find more great music and content at: NoDisassemble.com. #curiousrealm #hcuniversalnetwork #podcastcadet #truehempscience #webworkswireless

In the first part of this episode of the Curious Realm host Christopher Jordan welcomes visionary and founder of Carobonic Certainty, a new way of thinking and being which ties the frequencies ion the world around us directly to the carbon we exhale, while giving you the chance for complete spiritual rebirth with every inhale. Learn how you can be the “Diamond Vehicle” you were created to be through the principles of Carbonic Certainty! In the second part of the episode, we welcome Craig Woolheater, co-founder of Cryptomundo as well as the long-running Texas Bigfoot Conference. For more than 20 years this amazing event has been bringing together researchers the world of cryptozoology and those known as “Squatchers” to no only share stories and research, but to build an amazing and supportive community. Join the Curious Realm as we delve into the topics of Carbonic Certainty with Yaw Nesari and the 2023 TX Bigfoot Conference with Craig Woolheater. Curious Realm is a proud member of the HC Universal Network family of podcasts. For more great shows and content subscribe at HCUniversalNetwork.com. Curious Realm would like to thank the continuing support of our listeners and sponsors including PodcastCadet.com, Use Code Curious20 to save 20% off today! Curious Realm has teamed up with True Hemp Science, Austin, TX based suppliers of high-quality full spectrum emulsified CBD products and more. Visit TrueHempScience.com TODAY and use code Curious7 to save 7% off your order of $50 or more and get a free 50mg CBD edible! Website live streams powered by Web Work Wireless. For the best in home and business WiFi solutions visit WebWorksWireless.com. Intro music “A Curious Realm” provided by No Disassemble find more great music and content at: NoDisassemble.com. #curiousrealm #hcuniversalnetwork #podcastcadet #truehempscience #webworkswireless

Emission du jeudi 28 septembre 2023[THEME] Concert du 07/10 Misanthrope, Malemort, Carbonic Fields[CLASSIQUES] Nightwish - Nemo Cannibal Corpse - Pit Of Zombies [TRACKLIST]Alice Cooper - I'm Alice Danko Jones - Guess Who's Back Phil Campbell and the Bastard Sons - Strike The Match The Winery Dogs - Breakthrough Corey Taylor - Post Traumatic Blues Wings of Steel - Liar in Love Misanthrope - Haïsseur de l'Humanité Malemort - Pyromane Blues Carbonic Fields - PolkaTrash Octavus Lupus - Internal Violence Equals Infinity - Life on Mars Sangdragon - Hierophant, Let The Fire Speak Primal Fear - Another Hero [CARTOUCHE] Sorties 2023 janvier-février-mars Powerwolf - Wolfborn Dying Fetus - Unbridled Fury Deathstars - This Is Obituary - The Wrong Time Enterprise Earth - The World Without Us Avatar - The Dirt I'm Buried In Viscera - Rats with Wings Orthodox - Nothing to See Metallica - Lux Æterna Insomnium - Lilian Enslaved - Forest Dweller Ov Sulfur - Earthen To The Grave - Deadskin Skimask (feat. Jake Kennedy) Atrocity - Born To Kill Creed Zero - Bleeding Sky [JEU CONCOURS] https://ouest-track.com/jeuxconcours/gagnez-des-places-pour-la-metal-session-au-magic-mirrors-le-7-octobre-209

Émission du jeudi 08 juin 2023 [THEME] Hellfest #2 (2023)[TRACKLIST]01 Dio - Holy Diver 02 Y&T - Mean Streak 03 Paradise Lost - Remembrance 04 Necrophagia - Rue Morgue Disciple 05 Nita Strauss - Victorious (feat. Dorothy) 06 Vexed - X my

We are going to tell you all about a lesser-known winemaking method called Carbonic Maceration. It is responsible for those chillable, crushable red wines you may enjoy in the summer or all year long. Allie brought a rarely made style of wine. While Julie nerds out Carbonic wines and how they are made. We wrap it up with a history of who discovered Carbonic Maceration and how it came into common use. Grab a glass of a chillable red and sip along with us!Support the showCONNECT WITH US: You can follow and message us on Instagram @crushitwinesb You can also reach out via email - info@crushitwinesb.com If you want to help support the show and get extra content every week, sign up for our Patreon. Join the list to stay up to date on future episodes and featured wines so you can sip alongside us! Finally, we're more than just a podcast! We are a full service wine education company offering an online wine shop, a wine club membership and both virtual and in person classes. Go to www.crushitwineshop.com to learn more and get 10% off your first order when you sign up for the mailing list! Cheers and thanks for listening!

ReferencesWe considered the complexity of the machinery to excrete ammonium in the context of research on dietary protein and how high protein intake may increase glomerular pressure and contribute to progressive renal disease (many refer to this as the “Brenner hypothesis”). Dietary protein intake and the progressive nature of kidney disease: the role of hemodynamically mediated glomerular injury in the pathogenesis of progressive glomerular sclerosis in aging, renal ablation, and intrinsic renal diseaseA trial that studied low protein and progression of CKD The Effects of Dietary Protein Restriction and Blood-Pressure Control on the Progression of Chronic Renal Disease(and famously provided data for the MDRD eGFR equation A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study GroupWe wondered about dietary recommendations in CKD. of note, this is best done in the DKD guidelines from KDIGO Executive summary of the 2020 KDIGO Diabetes Management in CKD Guideline: evidence-based advances in monitoring and treatment.Joel mentioned this study on red meat and risk of ESKD. Red Meat Intake and Risk of ESRDWe referenced the notion of a plant-based diet. This is an excellent review by Deborah Clegg and Kathleen Hill Gallant. Plant-Based Diets in CKD : Clinical Journal of the American Society of NephrologyHere's the review that Josh mentioned on how the kidney appears to sense pH Molecular mechanisms of acid-base sensing by the kidneyRemarkably, Dr. Dale Dubin put a prize in his ECG book Free Car Prize Hidden in Textbook Read the fine print: Student wins T-birdA review of the role of the kidney in DKA: Diabetic ketoacidosis: Role of the kidney in the acid-base homeostasis re-evaluatedJosh mentioned the effects of infusing large amounts of bicarbonate The effect of prolonged administration of large doses of sodium bicarbonate in man and this study on the respiratory response to a bicarbonate infusion: The Acute Effects In Man Of A Rapid Intravenous Infusion Of Hypertonic Sodium Bicarbonate Solution. Ii. Changes In Respiration And Output Of Carbon DioxideThis is the study of acute respiratory alkalosis in dogs: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC293311/?page=1And this is the study of medical students who went to the High Alpine Research Station on the Jungfraujoch in the Swiss Alps https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejm199105163242003Self explanatory! A group favorite! It Is Chloride Depletion Alkalosis, Not Contraction AlkalosisEffects of chloride and extracellular fluid volume on bicarbonate reabsorption along the nephron in metabolic alkalosis in the rat. Reassessment of the classical hypothesis of the pathogenesis of metabolic alkalosisA review of pendrin's role in volume homeostasis: The role of pendrin in blood pressure regulation | American Journal of Physiology-Renal PhysiologyInfusion of bicarbonate may lead to a decrease in respiratory stimulation but the shift of bicarbonate to the CSF may lag. Check out this review Neural Control of Breathing and CO2 Homeostasis and this classic paper Spinal-Fluid pH and Neurologic Symptoms in Systemic Acidosis.OutlineOutline: Chapter 11- Regulation of Acid-Base Balance- Introduction - Bicarb plus a proton in equilibrium with CO2 and water - Can be rearranged to HH - Importance of regulating pCO2 and HCO3 outside of this equation - Metabolism of carbs and fats results in the production of 15,000 mmol of CO2 per day - Metabolism of protein and other “substances” generates non-carbonic acids and bases - Mostly from sulfur containing methionine and cysteine - And cationic arginine and lysine - Hydrolysis of dietary phosphate that exists and H2PO4– - Source of base/alkali - Metabolism of an ionic amino acids - Glutamate and asparatate - Organic anions going through gluconeogenesis - Glutamate, Citrate and lactate - Net effect on a normal western diet 50-100 mEq of H+ per day - Homeostatic response to these acid-base loads has three stages: - Chemical buffering - Changes in ventilation - Changes in H+ excretion - Example of H2SO4 from oxidation of sulfur containing AA - Drop in bicarb will stimulate renal acid secretion - Nice table of normal cid-base values, arterial and venous- Great 6 bullet points of acid-base on page 328 - Kidneys must excrete 50-100 of non-carbonic acid daily - This occurs by H secretion, but mechanisms change by area of nephron - Not excreted as free H+ due to minimal urine pH being equivalent to 0.05 mmol/L - No H+ can be excreted until virtually all of th filtered bicarb is reabsorbed - Secreted H+ must bind buffers (phosphate, NH3, cr) - PH is main stimulus for H secretion, though K, aldo and volume can affect this.- Renal Hydrogen excretion - Critical to understand that loss of bicarb is like addition of hydrogen to the body - So all bicarb must be reabsorbed before dietary H load can be secreted - GFR of 125 and bicarb of 24 results in 4300 mEq of bicarb to be reabsorbed daily - Reabsorption of bicarb and secretion of H involve H secretion from tubular cells into the lumen. - Thee initial points need to be emphasized - Secreted H+ ion are generated from dissociation of H2O - Also creates OH ion - Which combine with CO2 to form HCO3 with the help of zinc containing intracellular carbonic anhydrase. - This is how the secretion of H+ which creates an OH ultimately produces HCO3 - Different mechanisms for proximal and distal acidification - NET ACID EXCRETION - Free H+ is negligible - So net H+ is TA + NH4 – HCO3 loss - Unusually equal to net H+ load, 50-100 mEq/day - Can bump up to 300 mEq/day if acid production is increased - Net acid excretion can go negative following a bicarb or citrate load - Proximal Acidification - Na-H antiporter (or exchanger) in luminal membrane - Basolateral membrane has a 3 HCO3 Na cotransporter - This is electrogenic with 3 anions going out and only one cation - The Na-H antiporter also works in the thick ascending limb of LOH - How about this, there is also a H-ATPase just like found in the intercalated cells in the proximal tubule and is responsible for about a third of H secretion - And similarly there is also. HCO3 Cl exchanger (pendrin-like) in the proximal tubule - Footnote says the Na- 3HCO3 cotransporter (which moves sodium against chemical gradient NS uses negative charge inside cell to power it) is important for sensing acid-base changes in the cell. - Distal acidification - Occurs in intercalated cells of of cortical and medullary collecting tubule - Three main characteristics - H secretion via active secretory pumps in the luminal membrane - Both H-ATPase and H-K ATPase - H- K ATPase is an exchange pump, k reabsorption - H-K exchange may be more important in hypokalemia rather than in acid-base balance - Whole paragraph on how a Na-H exchanger couldn't work because the gradient that H has to be pumped up is too big. - H-ATPase work like vasopressin with premise H-ATPase sitting on endocarditis vesicles a=which are then inserted into the membrane. Alkalosis causes them to be recycled out of the membrane. - H secretory cells do not transport Na since they have few luminal Na channels, but are assisted by the lumen negative tubule from eNaC. - Minimizes back diffusion of H+ and promotes bicarb resorption - Bicarbonate leaves the cell through HCO3-Cl exchanger which uses the low intracellular Cl concentration to power this process. - Same molecule is found on RBC where it is called band 3 protein - Figure 11-5 is interesting - Bicarbonate resorption - 90% in the first 1-22 mm of the proximal tubule (how long is the proximal tubule?) - Lots of Na-H exchangers and I handed permeability to HCO3 (permeability where?) - Last 10% happens distally mostly TAL LOH via Na-H exchange - And the last little bit int he outer medullary collecting duct. - Carbonic anhydrase and disequilibrium pH - CA plays central role in HCO3 reabsorption - After H is secreted in the proximal tubule it combines with HCO# to form carbonic acid. CA then dehydrates it to CO2 and H2O. (Step 2) - Constantly moving carbonic acid to CO2 and H2O keeps hydrogen combining with HCO3 since the product is rapidly consumed. - This can be demonstrated by the minimal fall in luminal pH - That is important so there is not a luminal gradient for H to overcome in the Na-H exchanger (this is why we need a H-ATPase later) - CA inhibitors that are limited tot he extracellular compartment can impair HCO3 reabsorption by 80%. - CA is found in S1, S2 but not S3 segment. See consequence in figure 11-6. - The disequilibrium comes from areas where there is no CA, the HH formula falls down because one of the assumptions of that formula is that H2CO3 (carbonic acid) is a transient actor, but without CA it is not and can accumulate, so the pKa is not 6.1. - Bicarbonate secretion - Type B intercalated cells - H-ATPase polarity reversed - HCO3 Cl exchanger faces the apical rather than basolateral membrane- Titratable acidity - Weak acids are filtered at the glom and act as buffers in the urine. - HPO4 has PKA of 6.8 making it ideal - Creatinine (pKa 4.97) and uric acid (pKa 5.75) also contribute - Under normal cinditions TA buffers 10-40 mEa of H per day - Does an example of HPO4(2-):H2PO4 (1-) which exists 4:1 at pH of 7.4 (glomerular filtrate) - So for 50 mEq of Phos 40 is HPO4 and 10 is H2PO4 - When pH drops to 6.8 then the ratio is 1:1 so for 50 - So the 50 mEq is 25 and 25, so this buffered an additional 15 mEq of H while the free H+ concentration increased from 40 to 160 nanomol/L so over 99.99% of secreted H was buffered - When pH drops to 4.8 ratio is 1:100 so almost all 50 mEq of phos is H2PO4 and 39.5 mEq of H are buffered. - Acid loading decreases phosphate reabsorption so more is there to act as TA. - Decreases activity of Na-phosphate cotransporter - DKA provides a novel weak acid/buffer beta-hydroxybutyrate (pKa 4.8) which buffers significant amount of acid (50 mEq/d).- Ammonium Excretion - Ability to excrete H+ as ammonium ions adds an important amount of flexibility to renal acid-base regulation - NH3 and NH4 production and excretion can be varied according to physiologic need. - Starts with NH3 production in tubular cells - NH3, since it is neutral then diffuses into the tubule where it is acidified by the low pH to NH4+ - NH4+ is ionized and cannot cross back into the tubule cells(it is trapped in the tubular fluid) - This is important for it acting as an important buffer eve though the pKa is 9.0 - At pH of 6.0 the ratio of NH3 to NH4 is 1:1000 - As the neutral NH3 is converted to NH4 more NH3 from theintracellular compartment flows into the tubular fluid replacing the lost NH3. Rinse wash repeat. - This is an over simplification and that there are threemajor steps - NH4 is produced in early proximal tubular cells - Luminal NH4 is partially reabsorbed in the TAL and theNH3 is then recycled within the renal medulla - The medullary interstitial NH3 reaches highconcentrations that allow NH3 to diffuse into the tubular lumen in the medullary collecting tubule where it is trapped as NH4 by secreted H+ - NH4 production from Glutamine which converts to NH4 and glutamate - Glutamate is converted to alpha-ketoglutarate - Alpha ketoglutarate is converted to 2 HCO3 ions - HCO3 sent to systemic circulation by Na-3 HCO3 transporter - NH4 then secreted via Na-H exchanger into the lumen - NH4 is then reabsorbed by NaK2Cl transporter in TAL - NH4 substitutes for K - Once reabsorbed the higher intracellular pH causes NH4 to convert to NH3 and the H that is removed is secreted through Na-H exchanger to scavenge the last of the filtered bicarb. - NH3 diffuses out of the tubular cells into the interstitium - NH4 reabsorption in the TAL is suppressed by hyperkalemia and stimulated by chronic metabolic acidosis - NH4 recycling promotes acid clearance - The collecting tubule has a very low NH3 concentration - This promotes diffusion of NH3 into the collecting duct - NH3 that goes there is rapidly converted to NH4 allowing more NH3 to diffuse in. - Response to changes in pH - Increased ammonium excretion with two processes - Increased proximal NH4 production - This is delayed 24 hours to 2-3 days depending on which enzyme you look at - Decreased urine pH increases diffusion of ammonia into the MCD - Occurs with in hours of an acid load - Peak ammonium excretion takes 5-6 days! (Fig 11-10) - Glutamine is picked up from tubular fluid but with acidosis get Na dependent peritublar capillary glutamine scavenging too - Glutamine metabolism is pH dependent with increase with academia and decrease with alkalemia - NH4 excretion can go from 30-40 mEq/day to > 300 with severe metabolic acidosis (38 NaBicarb tabs) - Says each NH4 produces equimolar generation of HCO3 but I thought it was two bicarb for every alpha ketoglutarate?- The importance of urine pH - Though the total amount of hydrogren cleared by urine pH is insignificant, an acidic urine pH is essential for driving the reactions of TA and NH4 forward.- Regulation of renal hydrogen excretion - Net acid excretion vary inverse with extracellular pH - Academia triggers proximal and distal acidification - Proximally this: - Increased Na-H exchange - Increased luminal H-ATPase activity - Increased Na:3HCO3 cotransporter on the basolateral membrane - Increased NH4 production from glutamine - In the collecting tubules - Increased H-ATPase - Reduction of tubular pH promotes diffusion of NH3 which gets converted to NH4…ION TRAPPING - Extracellular pH affects net acid excretion through its affect on intracellular pH - This happens directly with respiratory disorders due to movement of CO2 through the lipid bilayer - In metabolic disorders a low extracellular bicarb with cause bicarb to diffuse out of the cell passively, this lowers intracellular pH - If you manipulate both low pCO2 and low Bicarb to keep pH stable there will be no change in the intracellular pH and there is no change in renal handling of acid. It is intracellular pH dependent - Metabolic acidosis - Ramps up net acid secretion - Starts within 24 hours and peaks after 5-6 days - Increase net secretion comes from NH4 - Phosphate is generally limited by diet - in DKA titratable acid can be ramped up - Metabolic alkalosis - Alkaline extracellular pH - Increased bicarb excretion - Decrease reabsorption - HCO3 secretion (pendrin) in cortical collecting tubule - Occurs in cortical intercalated cells able to insert H-ATPase in basolateral cells (rather than luminal membrane) - Normal subjects are able to secrete 1000 mmol/day of bicarb - Maintenance of metabolic alkalosis requires a defect which forces the renal resorption of bicarb - This can be chloride/volume deficiency - Hypokalemia - Hyperaldosteronism - Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis - PCO2 via its effect on intracellular pH is an important determinant of renal acid handling - Ratios he uses: - 3.5 per 10 for respiratory acidosis - 5 per 10 for respiratory alkalosis - Interesting paragraph contrasting the response to chronic metabolic acidosis vs chronic respiratory acidosis - Less urinary ammonium in respiratory acidosis - Major differences in proximal tubule cell pH - In metabolic acidosis there is decreased bicarb load so less to be reabsorbed proximally - In respiratory acidosis the increased serum bicarb increases the amount of bicarb that must be reabsorbed proximally - The increased activity of Na-H antiporter returns tubular cell pH to normal and prevents it from creating increased urinary ammonium - Mentions that weirdly more mRNA for H-Na antiporter in metabolic acidosis than in respiratory acidosis - Net hydrogen excretion varies with effective circulating volume - Starts with bicarb infusions - Normally Tm at 26 - But if you volume deplete the patient with diuretics first this increases to 35+ - Four factors explain this increased Tm for bicarb with volume deficiency - Reduced GFR - Activation of RAAS - Ang2 stim H-Na antiporter proximally - Ang2 also stimulates Na-3HCO3 cotransporter on basolateral membrane - Aldosterone stimulates H-ATPase in distal nephron - ALdo stimulates Cl HCO3 exchanger on basolateral membrane - Aldo stimulates eNaC producing tubular lumen negative charge to allow H secretion to occur and prevents back diffusion - Hypochloremia - Increases H secretion by both Na-dependent and Na-independent methods - If Na is 140 and Cl is 115, only 115 of Na can be reabsorbed as NaCl, the remainder must be reabsorbed with HCO3 or associated with secretion of K or H to maintained electro neutrality - This is enhanced with hypochloridemia - Concurrent hypokalemia - Changes in K lead to trans cellular shifts that affect inctracellular pH - Hypokalemia causes K out, H in and in the tubular cell the cell acts if there is systemic acidosis and increases H secretion (and bicarbonate resorption) - PTH - Decreases proximal HCO3 resorption - Primary HyperCard as cause of type 2 RTA - Does acidosis stim PTH or does PTH stim net acid excretion

Virginia has a thriving wine culture and tradition where Corry Craighill continues to make her mark as a winemaker. Now at Septenary Winery in Central Virginia, Corry has learned both the art and science of making wine through hands-on experiences at wineries on multiple continents. She shares her journey and advice she has for carving out a name for yourself and finding the position that fits you best. Special Mentions: Virginia WineJefferson VineyardsBlenheim VineyardsKing Family VineyardsSeptenary WineryPurchase Septenary WinesVirginia Winemakers Research ExchangeWine Terms:Maceration: This process, used primarily in making red wine, involves steeping grape skins and solids in wine after fermentation, when alcohol acts as a solvent to extract color, tannins and aroma from the skins (aided by heat, the amount of skin contact and time). (Wine Spectator)Carbonic maceration: A winemaking process that takes place during fermentation to produce fresh, fruit-forward, low-tannin red wines. Carbonic maceration uses whole clusters of grapes in a sealed, carbon dioxide-filled tank to start fermentation within each grape. (MasterClass)Cap: The thick layer of skins, stems and seeds that forms at the surface of fermenting red wine. Cap management, or breaking up the cap to increase contact between the skins and the liquid, is important since red wines extract color and flavor from the skins. (Wine Spectator)Thank you to Tony Stuck for the awesome intro/outro music and to Mary Ann King for the amazing pod art that you see for every episode. If you've enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review the podcast! 5 stars goes a long long way and I so appreciate your support. For more information about me and this podcast visit us online at othercwords.com or follow the podcast @othercwords. Talk to you soon! And thanks for joining me today!

ReferencesWe considered the effect of a high protein diet and potential metabolic acidosis on kidney function. This review is of interest by Donald Wesson, a champion for addressing this issue and limiting animal protein: Mechanisms of Metabolic Acidosis-Induced Kidney Injury in Chronic Kidney DiseaseHostetter explored the effect of a high protein diet in the remnant kidney model with 1 ¾ nephrectomy. Rats with reduced dietary acid load (by bicarbonate supplementation) had less tubular damage. Chronic effects of dietary protein in the rat with intact and reduced renal massWesson explored treatment of metabolic acidosis in humans with stage 3 CKD in this study. Treatment of metabolic acidosis in patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease with fruits and vegetables or oral bicarbonate reduces urine angiotensinogen and preserves glomerular filtration rateIn addition to the effect of metabolic acidosis from a diet high in animal protein, this diet also leads to hyperfiltration. This was demonstrated in normal subjects; ingesting a protein diet had a significantly higher creatinine clearance than a comparable group of normal subjects ingesting a vegetarian diet. Renal functional reserve in humans: Effect of protein intake on glomerular filtration rate.This finding has been implicated in Brenner's theory regarding hyperfiltration: The hyperfiltration theory: a paradigm shift in nephrologyOne of multiple publications from Dr. Nimrat Goraya whom Joel mentioned in the voice over: Dietary Protein as Kidney Protection: Quality or Quantity?We wondered about the time course in buffering a high protein meal (and its subsequent acid load on ventilation) and Amy found this report:Effect of Protein Intake on Ventilatory Drive | Anesthesiology | American Society of Anesthesiologists Roger mentioned that the need for acetate to balance the acid from amino acids in parenteral nutrition was identified in pediatrics perhaps because infants may have reduced ability to generate acid. Randomised controlled trial of acetate in preterm neonates receiving parenteral nutrition - PMCHe also recommended an excellent review on the complications of parenteral nutrition by Knochel https://www.kidney-international.org/action/showPdf?pii=S0085-2538%2815%2933384-6 which explained that when the infused amino acids disproportionately include cationic amino acids, metabolism led to H+ production. This is typically mitigated by preparing a solution that is balanced by acetate. Amy mentioned this study that explored the effect of protein intake on ventilation: Effect of Protein Intake on Ventilatory Drive | Anesthesiology | American Society of AnesthesiologistsAnna and Amy reminisced about a Skeleton Key Group Case from the renal fellow network Skeleton Key Group: Electrolyte Case #7JC wondered about isolated defects in the proximal tubule and an example is found here: Mutations in SLC4A4 cause permanent isolated proximal renal tubular acidosis with ocular abnormalitiesAnna's Voiceover re: Gastric neobladder → metabolic alkalosis and yes, dysuria. The physiology of gastrocystoplasty: once a stomach, always a stomach but not as common as you might think Gastrocystoplasty: long-term complications in 22 patientsSjögren's syndrome has been associated with acquired distal RTA and in some cases, an absence of the H+ ATPase, presumably from autoantibodies to this transporter. Here's a case report: Absence of H(+)-ATPase in cortical collecting tubules of a patient with Sjogren's syndrome and distal renal tubular acidosisCan't get enough disequilibrium pH? Check this out- Spontaneous luminal disequilibrium pH in S3 proximal tubules. Role in ammonia and bicarbonate transport.Acetazolamide secretion was studied in this report Concentration-dependent tubular secretion of acetazolamide and its inhibition by salicylic acid in the isolated perfused rat kidney. | Drug Metabolism & DispositionIn this excellent review, David Goldfarb tackles the challenging case of a A Woman with Recurrent Calcium Phosphate Kidney Stones (spoiler alert, many of these patients have incomplete distal RTA and this problem is hard to treat). Molecular mechanisms of renal ammonia transport excellent review from David Winer and Lee Hamm. OutlineOutline: Chapter 11- Regulation of Acid-Base Balance- Introduction - Bicarb plus a proton in equilibrium with CO2 and water - Can be rearranged to HH - Importance of regulating pCO2 and HCO3 outside of this equation - Metabolism of carbs and fats results in the production of 15,000 mmol of CO2 per day - Metabolism of protein and other “substances” generates non-carbonic acids and bases - Mostly from sulfur containing methionine and cysteine - And cationic arginine and lysine - Hydrolysis of dietary phosphate that exists and H2PO4– - Source of base/alkali - Metabolism of an ionic amino acids - Glutamate and asparatate - Organic anions going through gluconeogenesis - Glutamate, Citrate and lactate - Net effect on a normal western diet 50-100 mEq of H+ per day - Homeostatic response to these acid-base loads has three stages: - Chemical buffering - Changes in ventilation - Changes in H+ excretion - Example of H2SO4 from oxidation of sulfur containing AA - Drop in bicarb will stimulate renal acid secretion - Nice table of normal cid-base values, arterial and venous- Great 6 bullet points of acid-base on page 328 - Kidneys must excrete 50-100 of non-carbonic acid daily - This occurs by H secretion, but mechanisms change by area of nephron - Not excreted as free H+ due to minimal urine pH being equivalent to 0.05 mmol/L - No H+ can be excreted until virtually all of th filtered bicarb is reabsorbed - Secreted H+ must bind buffers (phosphate, NH3, cr) - PH is main stimulus for H secretion, though K, aldo and volume can affect this.- Renal Hydrogen excretion - Critical to understand that loss of bicarb is like addition of hydrogen to the body - So all bicarb must be reabsorbed before dietary H load can be secreted - GFR of 125 and bicarb of 24 results in 4300 mEq of bicarb to be reabsorbed daily - Reabsorption of bicarb and secretion of H involve H secretion from tubular cells into the lumen. - Thee initial points need to be emphasized - Secreted H+ ion are generated from dissociation of H2O - Also creates OH ion - Which combine with CO2 to form HCO3 with the help of zinc containing intracellular carbonic anhydrase. - This is how the secretion of H+ which creates an OH ultimately produces HCO3 - Different mechanisms for proximal and distal acidification - NET ACID EXCRETION - Free H+ is negligible - So net H+ is TA + NH4 – HCO3 loss - Unusually equal to net H+ load, 50-100 mEq/day - Can bump up to 300 mEq/day if acid production is increased - Net acid excretion can go negative following a bicarb or citrate load - Proximal Acidification - Na-H antiporter (or exchanger) in luminal membrane - Basolateral membrane has a 3 HCO3 Na cotransporter - This is electrogenic with 3 anions going out and only one cation - The Na-H antiporter also works in the thick ascending limb of LOH - How about this, there is also a H-ATPase just like found in the intercalated cells in the proximal tubule and is responsible for about a third of H secretion - And similarly there is also. HCO3 Cl exchanger (pendrin-like) in the proximal tubule - Footnote says the Na- 3HCO3 cotransporter (which moves sodium against chemical gradient NS uses negative charge inside cell to power it) is important for sensing acid-base changes in the cell. - Distal acidification - Occurs in intercalated cells of of cortical and medullary collecting tubule - Three main characteristics - H secretion via active secretory pumps in the luminal membrane - Both H-ATPase and H-K ATPase - H- K ATPase is an exchange pump, k reabsorption - H-K exchange may be more important in hypokalemia rather than in acid-base balance - Whole paragraph on how a Na-H exchanger couldn't work because the gradient that H has to be pumped up is too big. - H-ATPase work like vasopressin with premise H-ATPase sitting on endocarditis vesicles a=which are then inserted into the membrane. Alkalosis causes them to be recycled out of the membrane. - H secretory cells do not transport Na since they have few luminal Na channels, but are assisted by the lumen negative tubule from eNaC. - Minimizes back diffusion of H+ and promotes bicarb resorption - Bicarbonate leaves the cell through HCO3-Cl exchanger which uses the low intracellular Cl concentration to power this process. - Same molecule is found on RBC where it is called band 3 protein - Figure 11-5 is interesting - Bicarbonate resorption - 90% in the first 1-22 mm of the proximal tubule (how long is the proximal tubule?) - Lots of Na-H exchangers and I handed permeability to HCO3 (permeability where?) - Last 10% happens distally mostly TAL LOH via Na-H exchange - And the last little bit int he outer medullary collecting duct. - Carbonic anhydrase and disequilibrium pH - CA plays central role in HCO3 reabsorption - After H is secreted in the proximal tubule it combines with HCO# to form carbonic acid. CA then dehydrates it to CO2 and H2O. (Step 2) - Constantly moving carbonic acid to CO2 and H2O keeps hydrogen combining with HCO3 since the product is rapidly consumed. - This can be demonstrated by the minimal fall in luminal pH - That is important so there is not a luminal gradient for H to overcome in the Na-H exchanger (this is why we need a H-ATPase later) - CA inhibitors that are limited tot he extracellular compartment can impair HCO3 reabsorption by 80%. - CA is found in S1, S2 but not S3 segment. See consequence in figure 11-6. - The disequilibrium comes from areas where there is no CA, the HH formula falls down because one of the assumptions of that formula is that H2CO3 (carbonic acid) is a transient actor, but without CA it is not and can accumulate, so the pKa is not 6.1. - Bicarbonate secretion - Type B intercalated cells - H-ATPase polarity reversed - HCO3 Cl exchanger faces the apical rather than basolateral membrane- Titratable acidity - Weak acids are filtered at the glom and act as buffers in the urine. - HPO4 has PKA of 6.8 making it ideal - Creatinine (pKa 4.97) and uric acid (pKa 5.75) also contribute - Under normal cinditions TA buffers 10-40 mEa of H per day - Does an example of HPO4(2-):H2PO4 (1-) which exists 4:1 at pH of 7.4 (glomerular filtrate) - So for 50 mEq of Phos 40 is HPO4 and 10 is H2PO4 - When pH drops to 6.8 then the ratio is 1:1 so for 50 - So the 50 mEq is 25 and 25, so this buffered an additional 15 mEq of H while the free H+ concentration increased from 40 to 160 nanomol/L so over 99.99% of secreted H was buffered - When pH drops to 4.8 ratio is 1:100 so almost all 50 mEq of phos is H2PO4 and 39.5 mEq of H are buffered. - Acid loading decreases phosphate reabsorption so more is there to act as TA. - Decreases activity of Na-phosphate cotransporter - DKA provides a novel weak acid/buffer beta-hydroxybutyrate (pKa 4.8) which buffers significant amount of acid (50 mEq/d).- Ammonium Excretion - Ability to excrete H+ as ammonium ions adds an important amount of flexibility to renal acid-base regulation - NH3 and NH4 production and excretion can be varied according to physiologic need. - Starts with NH3 production in tubular cells - NH3, since it is neutral then diffuses into the tubule where it is acidified by the low pH to NH4+ - NH4+ is ionized and cannot cross back into the tubule cells(it is trapped in the tubular fluid) - This is important for it acting as an important buffer eve though the pKa is 9.0 - At pH of 6.0 the ratio of NH3 to NH4 is 1:1000 - As the neutral NH3 is converted to NH4 more NH3 from theintracellular compartment flows into the tubular fluid replacing the lost NH3. Rinse wash repeat. - This is an over simplification and that there are threemajor steps - NH4 is produced in early proximal tubular cells - Luminal NH4 is partially reabsorbed in the TAL and theNH3 is then recycled within the renal medulla - The medullary interstitial NH3 reaches highconcentrations that allow NH3 to diffuse into the tubular lumen in the medullary collecting tubule where it is trapped as NH4 by secreted H+ - NH4 production from Glutamine which converts to NH4 and glutamate - Glutamate is converted to alpha-ketoglutarate - Alpha ketoglutarate is converted to 2 HCO3 ions - HCO3 sent to systemic circulation by Na-3 HCO3 transporter - NH4 then secreted via Na-H exchanger into the lumen - NH4 is then reabsorbed by NaK2Cl transporter in TAL - NH4 substitutes for K - Once reabsorbed the higher intracellular pH causes NH4 to convert to NH3 and the H that is removed is secreted through Na-H exchanger to scavenge the last of the filtered bicarb. - NH3 diffuses out of the tubular cells into the interstitium - NH4 reabsorption in the TAL is suppressed by hyperkalemia and stimulated by chronic metabolic acidosis - NH4 recycling promotes acid clearance - The collecting tubule has a very low NH3 concentration - This promotes diffusion of NH3 into the collecting duct - NH3 that goes there is rapidly converted to NH4 allowing more NH3 to diffuse in. - Response to changes in pH - Increased ammonium excretion with two processes - Increased proximal NH4 production - This is delayed 24 hours to 2-3 days depending on which enzyme you look at - Decreased urine pH increases diffusion of ammonia into the MCD - Occurs with in hours of an acid load - Peak ammonium excretion takes 5-6 days! (Fig 11-10) - Glutamine is picked up from tubular fluid but with acidosis get Na dependent peritublar capillary glutamine scavenging too - Glutamine metabolism is pH dependent with increase with academia and decrease with alkalemia - NH4 excretion can go from 30-40 mEq/day to > 300 with severe metabolic acidosis (38 NaBicarb tabs) - Says each NH4 produces equimolar generation of HCO3 but I thought it was two bicarb for every alpha ketoglutarate?- The importance of urine pH - Though the total amount of hydrogren cleared by urine pH is insignificant, an acidic urine pH is essential for driving the reactions of TA and NH4 forward.- Regulation of renal hydrogen excretion - Net acid excretion vary inverse with extracellular pH - Academia triggers proximal and distal acidification - Proximally this: - Increased Na-H exchange - Increased luminal H-ATPase activity - Increased Na:3HCO3 cotransporter on the basolateral membrane - Increased NH4 production from glutamine - In the collecting tubules - Increased H-ATPase - Reduction of tubular pH promotes diffusion of NH3 which gets converted to NH4…ION TRAPPING - Extracellular pH affects net acid excretion through its affect on intracellular pH - This happens directly with respiratory disorders due to movement of CO2 through the lipid bilayer - In metabolic disorders a low extracellular bicarb with cause bicarb to diffuse out of the cell passively, this lowers intracellular pH - If you manipulate both low pCO2 and low Bicarb to keep pH stable there will be no change in the intracellular pH and there is no change in renal handling of acid. It is intracellular pH dependent - Metabolic acidosis - Ramps up net acid secretion - Starts within 24 hours and peaks after 5-6 days - Increase net secretion comes from NH4 - Phosphate is generally limited by diet - in DKA titratable acid can be ramped up - Metabolic alkalosis - Alkaline extracellular pH - Increased bicarb excretion - Decrease reabsorption - HCO3 secretion (pendrin) in cortical collecting tubule - Occurs in cortical intercalated cells able to insert H-ATPase in basolateral cells (rather than luminal membrane) - Normal subjects are able to secrete 1000 mmol/day of bicarb - Maintenance of metabolic alkalosis requires a defect which forces the renal resorption of bicarb - This can be chloride/volume deficiency - Hypokalemia - Hyperaldosteronism - Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis - PCO2 via its effect on intracellular pH is an important determinant of renal acid handling - Ratios he uses: - 3.5 per 10 for respiratory acidosis - 5 per 10 for respiratory alkalosis - Interesting paragraph contrasting the response to chronic metabolic acidosis vs chronic respiratory acidosis - Less urinary ammonium in respiratory acidosis - Major differences in proximal tubule cell pH - In metabolic acidosis there is decreased bicarb load so less to be reabsorbed proximally - In respiratory acidosis the increased serum bicarb increases the amount of bicarb that must be reabsorbed proximally - The increased activity of Na-H antiporter returns tubular cell pH to normal and prevents it from creating increased urinary ammonium - Mentions that weirdly more mRNA for H-Na antiporter in metabolic acidosis than in respiratory acidosis - Net hydrogen excretion varies with effective circulating volume - Starts with bicarb infusions - Normally Tm at 26 - But if you volume deplete the patient with diuretics first this increases to 35+ - Four factors explain this increased Tm for bicarb with volume deficiency - Reduced GFR - Activation of RAAS - Ang2 stim H-Na antiporter proximally - Ang2 also stimulates Na-3HCO3 cotransporter on basolateral membrane - Aldosterone stimulates H-ATPase in distal nephron - ALdo stimulates Cl HCO3 exchanger on basolateral membrane - Aldo stimulates eNaC producing tubular lumen negative charge to allow H secretion to occur and prevents back diffusion - Hypochloremia - Increases H secretion by both Na-dependent and Na-independent methods - If Na is 140 and Cl is 115, only 115 of Na can be reabsorbed as NaCl, the remainder must be reabsorbed with HCO3 or associated with secretion of K or H to maintained electro neutrality - This is enhanced with hypochloridemia - Concurrent hypokalemia - Changes in K lead to trans cellular shifts that affect inctracellular pH - Hypokalemia causes K out, H in and in the tubular cell the cell acts if there is systemic acidosis and increases H secretion (and bicarbonate resorption) - PTH - Decreases proximal HCO3 resorption - Primary HyperCard as cause of type 2 RTA - Does acidosis stim PTH or does PTH stim net acid excretion

In today's lecture, we discuss the differences between carbonic and lactic acid, which are produced either by aerobic or anaerobic metabolisms. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/thepublicsafetyguru/message

In this episode we talk about:Carbonic Maceration in winemakingCarbonic Maceration in coffee and best guidelines to followHow to process Robusta differently than ArabicaBenefits of fermentation in coffee fruit vs green seed modificationSupport the show on Patreon to join our live Discord hangouts.And if you don't want to commit, show your support here with a one time contribution: PayPalSign up for the newsletter for behind the scenes pictures.ResourcesModifying Robusta coffee aroma by green bean chemical pre-treatment. Published Food Chemistry volume 272 in January 2019.Changes in the chemical and sensory profile of coffea canephora var. Conilon promoted by carbonic maceration. Published in agronomy in September 2022.Cover Art by: Nick HafnerIntro song: Elijah Bisbee

References for Chapter 10We did not mention many references in our discussion today but our listeners may enjoy some of the references below. Effects of pH on Potassium: New Explanations for Old Observations - PMC although the focus of this article is on potassium, this elegant review by Aronson and Giebisch reviews intracellular shifts as it relates to pH and K+.Josh swooned for Figure 10-1 is this right? Which figure was it? which shows the relationship between [H+] and pH. You can find this figure in the original reference from Halperin ML and others, Figure 1 here. Factors That Control the Effect of pH on Glycolysis in Leukocytes Here's Leticia Rolon's favorite Henderson-Hasselbalch calculator website: ​​Henderson-Hasselbalch Calculator | Buffer Solutions [hint! for this site, use the bicarbonate (or “total CO2”) for A- and PCO2 for the HA] There's also a cooking tab for converting units! Fundamentals of Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation - PMC this review published posthumously from the late but beloved Jerry Yee and his group at Henry Ford Hospital, explores the details and underpinnings of our understandings of arterial blood gas interpretation (and this also addresses how our colleagues in clinical chemistry measure total CO2 - which JC referenced- but JC said “machine” and our colleagues prefer the word “instrument.”)Amy went deep on bicarbonate in respiratory acidosis. Here are her refs:Sodium bicarbonate therapy for acute respiratory acidosisSodium Bicarbonate in Respiratory AcidosisBicarbonate therapy in severe metabolic acidosisEffect of Intravenous Sodium Bicarbonate on Ventilation, Gas Exchange, and Acid-Base Balance in Patients with Chronic Pulmonary InsufficiencyBicarbonate Therapy in Severe Metabolic Acidosis | American Society of Nephrology this review article from Sabatini and Kurtzman addresses the issues regarding bicarbonate therapy including theoretical intracellular acidosis. Bicarbonate in DKA? Don't do it: Bicarbonate in diabetic ketoacidosis - a systematic review Here's a review from Bushinsky and Krieger on the effect acidosis on bone https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0085253822002174Here is the primary resource that Anna used in here investigation of meat replacements Nutritional Composition of Novel Plant-Based Meat Alternatives and Traditional Animal-Based MeatsWe enjoyed this paper that Dr. Rose references from the Journal of Clinical Investigation 1955 in which investigators infused HCl into nephrectomized dogs and observed changes in extracellular ions. https://www.jci.org/articles/view/103073/pdWe wondered about the amino acids/protein in some available meat alternatives they are explored in this article in the journal Amino Acids: Protein content and amino acid composition of commercially available plant-based protein isolates - PMC and you may enjoy this exploration of the nutritional value of these foods: Full article: Examination of the nutritional composition of alternative beef burgers available in the United StatesOutlineChapter 10: Acid-Base Physiology - H concentration regulated tightly - Normal H+ is 40 nm/L - This one millionth the concentration of Na and K - It needs to be this dilute because H+ fucks shit up - Especially proteins - Cool foot note H+ actually exists as H3O+ - Under normal conditions the H+ concentration varies little from normal due to three steps - Chemical buffering by extracellular and intracellular bufffers - Control of partial pressure of CO2 by alterations of alveolar ventilation - Control of plasma bicarbonate by changes in renal H+ excretion - Acid and bases - Use definition by Bronsted - Acid can donate protons - Base can accept protons - There are two classes of acids** - Carbonic acid H2CO3 - Each day 15000 mmol of CO2 are generated - CO2 not acid but combines with water to form carbonic acid H2CO3 - CO2 cleared by the lungs - Noncarbonic acid - Formed from metabolism of protein. Sulfur containing AA generate H2SO4. Only 50-100 mEq of acid produced from these sources. - Cleared by the kidneys - Law of Mass Action - Velocity of reaction proportional to the product of the concentrations of the reactants - Goes through mass action formula for water - Concludes that water has H of 155 nanoM/L, more than the 40 in plasma - Says you can do the same mass experiment for every acid in the body - Can do it also for bases but he is not going to. - Acids and Bases can be strong or weak - Strong acids completely dissociate - Weak acids not so much - H2PO4 is only 80% dissociated - Weak acids are the principle buffers in the body - Then he goes through how H is measured in the blood and it becomes clear why pH is a logical way to measure. - Then there is a lot of math - HH equation - Derives it - Then uses it to look at phos. Very interesting application - Buffers - Goes tot he phosphate well again. Amazing math describing how powerful buffers can be - Big picture the closer the pKa is to the starting pH the better buffer, i.e. it can absorb lots of OH or H without appreciably changing pH - HCO3 CO2 system - H2CO3 to H + HCO3 has a PKA of 2.72 but then lots of Math and the bicarb buffer system has a pKa of 6.1 - But the real power of the bicarb buffer is that it is not a sealed system. The ability to ventilate and keep CO2 constant increases the buffering efficiency by 11 fold and the ability to lower the CO2 below normal increases 18 fold. - Isohydric principle - There is only one hydrogen ion concentration and since that is a critical part of the buffer equation, all buffer eq are linked and you can understand all of them by understanding one of them. So we just can look at bicarb and understand the totality of acid base. - Bicarb is the most important buffer because - High concentration in plasma - Ability for CO2 to ventilate - Other buffers include - Bone - Bone is more than just inorganic reaction - Live bone releases more calcium in response to an acid load than dead bone - More effect with metabolic acidosis than respiratory acidosis - Hgb - Phosphate - Protein

To download the transcript CLICK HERE   This is Part 2 with Dr. Jamie Goode where we are discussing more parts from his third edition 'Wine Science' Book. You can read his articles on thousands of wineries over at his blog wineanorak.com In this episode, we are discussing the advantages and disadvantages of using native (wild) yeasts versus cultured (packaged) yeasts and the different strains. Where they can be found and how they work in fermentation. Then we talk about adding sulfites to the wine, and you will learn about free, bound, and total sulfur, and how to get the best use out of adding sulfites. We then look at what carbonic maceration is, how to do semi-carbonic, which regions tend to do this, and what varieties work best fermented this way. Then we will touch on destemming the grapes versus whole bunch pressing. I hope this opens up your eyes to all the different choices a winemaker has. This episode only looks at just a few of them. If you want to skip ahead: 3.02: Yeasts 11.18: The use of Sulfites 15.48: Whole bunch V De-stemming 17.53: Carbonic Maceration 21.44: Adding the stems back into the fermenting juice 35.21: Costières de Nîmes recommended 27.19: Costières de Nîmes in more detail And if the podcast isn't enough.... Fancy watching some videos on my youtube channel: Eat Sleep Wine Repeat Or come say hi at www.eatsleepwinerepeat.co.uk Or contact me on Instagram @eatsleep_winerepeat or on email: janina@eatsleepwinerepeat.co.uk Until next time, Cheers to you!  

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.16.508275v1?rss=1 Authors: Kalyanasundar, B., Blonde, G., Spector, A. C., Travers, S. P. Abstract: Recent findings from our laboratory demonstrated that the rostral nucleus of solitary tract (rNST) retains some responsiveness to glutamate (MSG+amiloride-MSGa) and sugars in mice lacking the canonical T1R receptors for these tastants. Here, we recorded from the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) in mice lacking the T1R1+T1R3 heterodimer (KO1+3), using warm stimuli to optimize sugar responses and employing extended concentrations and pharmacological agents to probe mechanisms. MSGa+IMP responses were not synergized in KO1+3 mice but responses to MSGa were similar to those in B6 (WT) mice. Glutamate responses in the neurons tested were unaffected by topical application of an mGluR4 antagonist. PBN T1R-independent sugar responses, including those to concentrated glucose, were more evident than in rNST. Sugar responses were undiminished by phlorizin, an inhibitor of SGLT, a component of a hypothesized alternative glucose-sensing mechanism. There were no sugar/umami "best" neurons in KO1+3 mice, and instead, sugars activated cells that displayed acid and amiloride-insensitive NaCl responses. In WTs, concentrated sugars activated "sugar/umami" cells but also electrolyte-sensitive neurons. The efficacy of hyperosmotic sugars for driving neurons broadly responsive to electrolytes implied an origin from Type III taste bud cells. To test this, we used the carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor dorzolamide (DRZ), previously shown to inhibit amiloride-insensitive sodium responses arising from Type III cells. Dorzolamide had no effect on sugar-elicited responses in WT sugar/umami PBN neurons but strongly suppressed them in WT and KO electrolyte-generalist neurons. These findings suggest a novel T1R-independent mechanism for hyperosmotic sugars, involving a CA-dependent mechanism in Type-III taste bud cells. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by PaperPlayer

The Journal RETINA is devoted exclusively to diseases of the retina and vitreous.  These podcasts are intended to bring to its listeners summaries of selected articles published in the current issue of this internationally acclaimed journal.

Chris takes a deep dive into the winemaking technique Carbonic Maceration looking at the different methods and how they change the wines.

Please support us on our Patreonhttps://www.patreon.com/anaesthesiaAll proceeds will go to Fund a Fellow to help train anaesthetists in developing countries whilst acknowledging the work it takes to keep creating this educational resource.This podcast is all aboutNORMAL VALUES: PvCO2 45mmHg         CO2 content 52ml CO2/100ml bloodMEASUREMENT: sampled from a pulmonary artery catheter.1. Alveolar ventilation2. Increased CO2 production 3. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors i.e. acetazolamide4. Tissue blood flow5. Haldane EffectIf you enjoyed this content please like and subscribePlease post any comments or questions below. Check out www.anaesthesiacollective.com and sign up to the ABCs of Anaesthesia facebook group for other content.Any questions please email lahiruandstan@gmail.comDisclaimer: The information contained in this video/audio/graphic is for medical practitioner education only. It is not and will not be relevant for the general public.Where applicable patients have given written informed consent to the use of their images in video/photography and aware that it will be published online and visible by medical practitioners and the general public.This contains general information about medical conditions and treatments. The information is not advice and should not be treated as such. The medical information is provided “as is” without any representations or warranties, express or implied. The presenter makes no representations or warranties in relation to the medical information on this video. You must not rely on the information as an alternative to assessing and managing your patient with your treating team and consultant. You should seek your own advice from your medical practitioner in relation to any of the topics discussed in this episode' Medical information can change rapidly, and the author/s make all reasonable attempts to provide accurate information at the time of filming. There is no guarantee that the information will be accurate at the time of viewingThe information provided is within the scope of a specialist anaesthetist (FANZCA) working in Australia.The information presented here does not represent the views of any hospital or ANZCA.These videos are solely for training and education of medical practitioners, and are not an advertisement. They were not sponsored and offer no discounts, gifts or other inducements. This disclaimer was created based on a Contractology template available at http://www.contractology.com.

It's trending now but has been in practice since wine existed. Let's get nice, fresh, fruity and science-y about carbonic maceration See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Wonderwerk House Of Fermentation was born in Los Angeles after a long night on a disco dancefloor where lifelong friends, Andrew Lardy and Issamu Kamide, became inspired to create natural wines which express the inclusivity and joy found through music.In a world which has been traditionally exclusive, Wonderwerk seeks to create wines that are approachable, fun, and delicious, delighting everyone from those new to wine to even the most seasoned sommelier.Andrew and Issamu, with backgrounds in Viticulture and Enology and Creative Marketing respectively, draw inspiration from the diverse food and drink culture of Los Angeles to create low intervention, high innovation natural wines, each with a LA story. Offerings include Free Your Mind, a co-ferment of Carignan and Riesling, Bustin' Loose, a Carbonic Pet-nat made from California Mission grapes, Free Your Mind Lite, a tangy Piquette crafted with heirloom Oaxacan hibiscus sourced from Los Angeles' Masienda and Japanese plum, and many more.Links:Episode TranscriptWonderwerk LAFollow Wonderwerk on InstagramDespacioDeovlet Zotovich Family Vineyard ChardonnayChainsawNomadicaStirm Wine Co.Follow the show on InstagramEmail usFollow Jordan on Instagram or TwitterShout out to Shawn Meyers for the music, Korey Pereira for help with the mix, and Jason Cryer for the art!

Emission du jeudi 30 septembre 2021[THEME]CARBONIC FIELDS [TRACKLIST]01 - Behemoth - Decade of Therion 02 - Brutal Truth - Birth of Ignorance 03 - Toward The Throne - The Ashes of Pain 04 - Carbonic Fields - Terria 05 - Carbonic Fields - Pix(Hell) 06 - Carbonic Fields - Devilium 07 - Devin Townsend - Bad Devil 08 - Moonspell - Alma Mater 09 - Destinity - Dawn Never Breaks 10 - W.E.B. - Dominus Maleficarum 11 - Infiltrated Mankind - Up on the Downside [LIENS]www.facebook.com/CarbonicFieldsOfficial[JEU CONCOURS]https://ouest-track.com/jeuxconcours/carbonic-fields-ite-est-108

Chris takes a deep dive into the winemaking technique Carbonic Maceration looking at the different methods and how they change the wines.

Chris takes a deep dive into the winemaking technique Carbonic Maceration looking at the different methods and how they change the wines.

Carbonic anhydrase and P. polycephalum are 2021's graphene. Why? That's why you're here. Let's do this, #AudioMo! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/thack/message

PRODUCER - Ana Maria & Nicolas Eduardo Crespo FARM - Pillcocaja COUNTRY - Ecuador REGION - Azuay VARIETAL - Typica LOT - #13 / 28 lbs PROCESS - Carbonic Maceration for 96 hours DRYING - 24 days, 50% Shaded African Beds ELEVATION - 1700 masl HARVEST - August 2020 TASTING NOTES - raspberry jam, cherry, white chocolate, grapes This experimental lot opens up new flavors for the coffee and highlights the importance of terroir and fermentation in coffee. Expect tons of jammy red fruits like raspberries & cherries; grapes, and white chocolate without any over-fermented notes or boozy character. A clean, sweet, and perfectly balanced cup

Andi and Ashley get wild and funky this episode, talking all about yeast and the mad party that is fermentation. We also call Louis Pasteur a dirty ho a lot. C'est la vie.  Further Reading: How Does Wine Fermentation Work?: https://www.2hawk.wine/2019/02/13/how-does-wine-fermentation-work/#:~:text=Fermentation%20is%20the%20process%20by,convert%20grape%20sugars%20into%20alcohol What is Carbonic Maceration?: https://www.decanter.com/learn/advice/carbonic-maceration-54082/#:~:text=Carbonic%20maceration%20is%20a%20form,Bubble%20gum Harold MacGee: https://www.curiouscook.com/ Louis Pasteur's Wikipedia Page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur#Fermentation --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/woundupwino/support

Grab a glass and join us this week while we drink a Carbonic Sangiovese.  We talk about our week which includes all the things: breakups, sex ed, anxiety, and so much more.  We hope you'll come hang with us, cheers!

Welcome back wine friends, this week our House Wine isn't so much a region or a specific wine but it is a style of wine. It's a winemaking technique that may be as old as wine itself. It's time to put our lab coats on, look side long at a beaker and pretend we are scientists because the time has come to talk about all things Carbonic Maceration. What are flavonoids? Who is Louis Pasteur and what did he do to the yeasts? It's all here. Of course I couldn't do it alone, this is a complex subject and I leaned on the following resources: The Oxford Companion to Wine, 4th Edition by Jancis Robinson. http://www.wineanorak.com/winescience/carbonic_maceration.htm I also downloaded this ebook: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123849274000014I don't really talk about any specific wines this week, but I do reference wine from these regions: Beaujolais. Southern Rhone. Roussillon. Languedoc. Rioja. If you spot something that needs correcting or you would like to request an episode you can reach out at housewinepodcast@gmail.com or check out the House Wine Instagram @housewinepodcast This podcast is 100% independent, it is written, narrated and produced by myself, Rachael so if you heard something you liked then scroll down and leave a comment or review, that is the best way that you can support the show. Until next week, I hope you drink something delicious! Music Credit:Too Cool by Kevin MacLeodLink: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/4534-too-coolLicense: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

It's that time of the year again. November arrives and the youngest wines in the wine world flood the market. Vins de primeur, nouveau wines, vinos jóvenes. These super young wines have their fame mostly thanks to Beaujolais in France. But Spain has their own version: Primero. To talk about these styles of wine, and the process by which they are made - carbonic maceration - a bottle of Primero squares off against Beaujolais Nouveau from Louis Jadot.  

05:51 - Skip setup music 11:24 - EMF harm, intracellular calcium, protection, shielding 18:03 - Do obese people not go bald? 19:55 - Why does milk cause acne? 22:40 - Histamine and milk intolerance 24:34 - Is vitamin D safe? Should it be used with vitamin K in a specific ratio? 26:43 - Stearic acid for PUFA replacement? 28:08 - Is fructose harder to metabolize than glucose? 29:51 - Does Danny eat out? How does he travel with food? 33:37 - The hormone profile of milk 34:59 - Hair loss, mast cells, estrogen, the "horseshoe" shape of baldness 39:27 - Thoughts on Jack Kruse, morning sunrise 40:31 - Thoughts on Aajonus Vonderplanitz 41:12 - Is taking T3 without T4 harmful? 42:48 - Does sugar overwhelm glycolysis, creating an unfavorable redox balance? 44:32 - Free fatty acids block pyruvate dehydrogenase, the ketone body ratio, NAD+/NADH 46:24 - A Bioenergetic View of Ketosis in 2-Minutes with Ray Peat: https://youtu.be/H_9UOlXww3o 47:23 - Paul Saladino feels cold on his carnivore diet 49:53 - 'The increased mobilization of fat is a basic response to stress' 52:53 - Demystifying Thyroid Supplementation: https://www.patreon.com/posts/14839477 55:53 - What regulates SHBG? 56:56 - Danny doesn't know anything about berberine 57:11 - Progesterone for penile sensitivity? 59:26 - Can taking iodine suppress the thyroid function? 01:02:29 - Thoughts on potassium 01:03:31 - Osteoporosis: thyroid, copper, vitamin D, vitamin K, aspirin, estrogen 01:05:34 - Leg thread veins, progesterone 01:05:49 - Butekyo, breathing, CO2 01:06:43 - Recommendations for late age? 01:07:18 - Connective tissue disease 01:07:58 - Massage for hair loss? 01:09:17 - Cold extremities and adrenaline 01:09:34 - Carbonic acid shampoo for hair loss? 01:10:18 - Has Carl Rogers inspired Danny? 01:13:18 - What diet is the most healthy? 01:14:23 - How Danny dissolves his aspirin 01:15:12 - Pushy dentists that want to irradiate you 01:15:59 - How much water is advisable if a person doesn't want to increase prolactin? 01:16:18 - Is low T3 the only real worry on carnivore diets? 01:17:33 - How does Danny manage a low-PUFA diet? 01:19:40 - Soaking liver in milk, fresh liver vs. old acrid liver 01:20:48 - Suggestions for autism? 01:23:26 - How much of a concern is EMF? 01:25:58 - Photic sneeze reflex 01:27:17 - Suggestions for a lower libido due to exercise? 01:28:39 - Danny's thoughts on vitamin E and vitamin K 01:30:09 - Tourette's syndrome 01:30:21 - Histamine, mast cells, and pattern baldness 01:31:58 - Calcified pineal gland 01:32:27 - How did Danny learn content creation? 01:36:06 - Remote viewing, reincarnation, and Michael Persinger 01:39:41 - Solving nighttime urination with thyroid, calcium, and vitamin D 01:40:30 - How has Danny's health changed over time? 01:43:03 - A1 vs. A2 milk 01:44:57 - Is there a difference between sunlight and supplemental D3? 01:45:48 - What causes muscle twitches? 01:48:13 - How dangerous is peanut butter if accompanied by vitamin E? 01:51:02 - Throat problems coming off of cynoplus 01:54:18 - fin

Talk to a Dr. Berg Keto Consultant today and get the help you need on your journey (free consultation). Call 1-540-299-1557 with your questions about Keto, Intermittent Fasting or the use of Dr. Berg products. Consultants are available Monday through Friday from 8:30 am to 9 pm EST. Saturday & Sunday 9 am to 5 pm EST. USA Only. Join my FREE 30-Day Low-Carb, No-Cheat Challenge Here! http://bit.ly/30-DayKetoChallenge Take the Free Keto Mini-Course: https://bit.ly/2Cpb03l Download Keto Essentials https://m.me/drericberg?ref=w2128577 Take Dr. Berg's Advanced Evaluation Quiz: http://bit.ly/EvalQuiz Today we're going to answer the question, “is carbonated water healthier than non-carbonated water?” I could find no evidence that carbonated water is better or worse for you than non-carbonated water. However, when I consume carbonated water, my digestion is better. It could be because: • Carbonic acid could buffer the pH • It acidifies the digestive system Bottled water pH — 7 Perrier pH — 5.5-5.8 Coca Cola pH — 2.5 Battery acid pH — 1.0 When you go below 7, things are more acidic. Because the stomach has the lowest pH of any part of the body, carbonic acid being a weak acid, might be better than regular water for some people. Types of carbonated water: Seltzer water — no minerals, carbonated Club soda — minerals, carbonated Tonic water — Quinine, carbonated Dr. Eric Berg DC Bio: Dr. Berg, 51 years of age is a chiropractor who specializes in weight loss through nutritional & natural methods. His private practice is located in Alexandria, Virginia. His clients include senior officials in the U.S. government & the Justice Department, ambassadors, medical doctors, high-level executives of prominent corporations, scientists, engineers, professors, and other clients from all walks of life. He is the author of The 7 Principles of Fat Burning. ABOUT DR. BERG: https://bit.ly/2FwSQQT DR. BERG'S STORY: https://bit.ly/2RwY5GP DR. BERG'S SHOP: https://bit.ly/2RN11yv DR. BERG'S VIDEO BLOG: https://bit.ly/2AZYyHt DR. BERG'S HEALTH COACHING TRAINING: https://bit.ly/2SZlH3o Follow us on FACEBOOK: https://www.messenger.com/t/drericberg TWITTER: https://twitter.com/DrBergDC YOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/user/drericberg123 Send a Message to Dr. Berg and his team: https://www.messenger.com/t/drericberg

Maceração carbónica. Já ouviu falar? Calma, não se trata de nada de cariz nuclear. É uma técnica enológica frequentemente usada quando se pretendem vinhos tintos com boa cor, cheios de fruta e taninos suaves.

Celebration is in the air as Beaujolais Nouveau is released each November. However, Vino Novello is released weeks prior. Some would say it's the Italian answer to the Nouveau, but there are some differences. This episode explores Vino Novello, carbonic maceration, as well as the celebrations that showcase the bounties of harvest, including these wines. Resources from this episode: Books: Oxford Companion to Wine, 4th Edition [Kindle Edition], Robinson (2015) The Science of Wine: From vine to glass, 2nd Edition, Goode (2014) Understanding Wine Technology: The science of wine explained, 3rd Edition, Bird, (2010) Websites: Gastrodelierio http://www.gastrodelirio.it/fabio-riccio/dove-finitoil-vino-novello/2018/11/ Jours Feries (Beaujolais Nouveau) https://www.joursferies.fr/evenements/beaujolais-nouveau.php La Stampa https://www.lastampa.it/economia/2019/11/02/news/il-primo-weekend-con-il-vino-novello-1.37823845?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter Sputnik News https://it.sputniknews.com/italia/201911028246907-arriva-il-vino-novello-sulle-tavole-degli-italiani/?utm_source=push&utm_medium=browser_notification&utm_campaign=sputnik_it Unione Italiana Vini https://www.unioneitalianavini.it/vino-novello-da-questanno-arriva-prima/ Vinifero https://www.vinifero.it/pillole/vino-novello-caratteristiche/ Web Magazine 24 https://www.webmagazine24.it/vino-novello-2019-italiano-francese-dati-norme-uscita/ Novello Festivals by Region: (not all-inclusive, of course) Abruzzo (Mondo Eventi Abruzzo) https://www.mondoeventiabruzzo.it/events/borgo-rurale-2019-a-treglio-festa-del-vino-novello-delle-castagne-e-dellolio-nuovo/ Abruzzo (Viaggiando Italia) https://www.viaggiando-italia.it/eventi/novello-al-castello-2019/ Alto Adige (Drinks & Co) https://www.drinksco.it/blog/alla-scoperta-della-tradizione-il-torggelen Calabria (Yes Calabria!) https://www.yescalabria.com/en/vino-novello-sotto-il-castello-sabato-16-novembre-a-ciro/ Friuli-Venezia-Giulia (Udine Today): https://theworldnews.net/it-news/l-oca-e-il-vin-novello-2019-la-festa-di-lavariano Lazio (Paese Roma) https://www.paeseroma.it/2019/10/29/a-vignanello-arriva-la-festa-dellolio-e-del-vino-novello/ Lombardia (Flora Agriturismo) https://www.floragriturismo.it/news-eventi/ Marche (Sarnano Turismo) https://www.sarnanoturismo.it/sarnano-in-botte-2019/ Puglia (Novello in Festa) http://www.novelloinfesta.it/main.html Sicily (Sun Trip Sicily) https://www.suntripsicily.com/38-events_in_sicily-san-martino-festival.php Toscana (Toscana Go) http://toscanago.com/firenze/articoli/483-vino-gli-eventi-in-toscana Veneto (Verona Wine Love) https://veronawinelove.com/festa-vino-novello-bardolino-lago-di-garda-verona-novembre-2019/ Glass in session® is a production and registered trademark of Vino With Val, LLC. Music: Addict Sound - Happy Acoustic - (Jamendo.com cc_Standard License, Jamendo S.A.)

When was the last time you had a beer with carrots in it? Exactly. Well, thanks to a group of folks in Phoenix you now have the opportunity to try one that is amazing. Spearheaded by Willie Itule Produce Carbon Daucus is the brainchild of some of the best chefs in Arizona and the brew team at Helton Brewing Co. In this episode we sit down to talk with the Brian Helton and head brewer Rob Coate. To hear all about this delicious beer. Enjoy! Huge shoutout to my team for all their help. Thanks to Chris Dodson for his awesome production/editing work to help put the audio side of the episodes together. Major props to Luke Irvine at Mixed Mercury Media for his amazing photo, video, web development and social media skills. Big shoutout to Adam Green for all the back-end work that goes into producing an episode. Shout out to Patreon Supporters Chris Odom, Nate Wert, Gerardo Jaime, Jim Pfleger, Marcus Pina and Ryan Colvin. To see how you can get involved with the Patreon Team click here. Intro/Outro music provided by the awesome local Arizona band Fayuca. Want to show your support and help this show grow? Simply click here, give the show a rating and share some feedback! ***

Ditching denim, semi-nude sun bathing, Italian spring water.

The Wonderful World of Wine (WWW) Episode 54 Topics: Carbonic Mareration Technology In Wine Wine Facts You Don't Need To Know

Adam and MAR discuss the process, the pros, the cons, and the Bruno Mars-ness of carbonic maceration. Natural Disasters is powered by Simplecast.

Jacques Lardière retired from his role as Technical Director of Maison Louis Jadot in Burgundy in 2012, a job he had started in 1970. He now oversees Jadot's Résonance project in Oregon.

The Ocean Acidification Symposium was presented by the Centre for Chemical and Physical Oceanography, in November of 2012. The day-long symposium featured brief presentations from a wide range of researchers, of which this is one: Katie Baer Jones talks about the impact of Ocean Acidification on coralline algae and iconic shellfish such as Paua and oysters. Increases in the total dissolved inorganic carbon in the ocean lower the pH in the ocean, reducing the availability of carbonate ions for the making of shells.

Introduction: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) reflect aggressive tumor behavior by hematogenous tumor cell dissemination. The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) plays a role in tissue invasion and is also involved in angiogenesis, abrogation of apoptosis and in chemoresistance. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a metalloenzyme involved in cell adhesion, growth and survival of tumor cells. The aim of the study was to investigate whether serum concentrations of TIMP-1 and CAIX are associated with the detection of CTC in metastatic breast cancer. Methods: Blood was obtained in a prospective multicenter setting from 253 patients with metastatic breast cancer at the time of disease progression. Serum TIMP-1 and CAIX were determined using commercial ELISA-kits (Oncogene Science). CTC were detected with the CellSearch (TM) system (Veridex). Results: Five or more CTCs were detected in 122 patients out of 245 evaluable patients (49.8%). Out of 253 metastatic patients 70 (28%) had serum TIMP-1 levels above 454 ng/mL. Serum CAIX was elevated above 506 ng/mL in 90 (35%) patients. Both serum markers had prognostic significance. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 7.2 months with elevated TIMP-1 vs. 11.4 months with non-elevated levels (p < 0.01). OS was 11.5 vs. 19.1 months (p < 0.01). Median PFS was 7.5 months with elevated CAIX vs. 11.7 months with non-elevated levels (p < 0.01), overall survival (OS) was 13.4 months vs. 19.1 months (p < 0.01). In patients with five or more CTCs, serum levels were above the cut-off for CAIX in 47% vs. 25% in those with less than five CTCs (p = 0.01). For TIMP-1, 37% patients with five or more CTCs had elevated serum levels and 17% of patients with less than five CTCs (p = 0.01). Including TIMP-1, CAIX, CTC and established prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis, the presence of CTCs, the therapy line and elevated CAIX remained independent predictors of OS. Conclusions: Elevated serum levels of the invasion markers TIMP-1 and CAIX in metastatic breast cancer are prognostic markers and are associated with the presence of CTCs. Whether increased secretion of TIMP-1 and/or CAIX might directly contribute to tumor cell dissemination remains to be elucidated in further investigations.