Podcasts about religious tolerance

Em ‘Apocalipse nos Trópicos', Petra Costa investiga ligação entre a política e evangélicos no Brasil https://www.estadao.com.br/cultura/cinema/em-apocalipse-nos-tropicos-petra-costa-investiga-ligacao-entre-a-politica-e-evangelicos-no-brasil/ In Our Time Civility: talking with those who disagree with you https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m002f9f4 Roger Williams and Religious Tolerance  https://chatgpt.com/share/6867cfc3-7c04-8006-be2d-848d7dde11ce canal do radinho no whatsapp! https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaDRCiu9xVJl8belu51Z canal do radinho no telegram:   http://t.me/radinhodepilha meu perfil no Threads: https://www.threads.net/@renedepaulajr meu perfil no ... Read more The post pasme: tem quem queira o fim do mundo! appeared first on radinho de pilha.

President John Dramani Mahama has urged Muslims across Ghana to uphold the country's values of religious tolerance, unity, and peaceful coexistence as they celebrate Eid Ul-Fitr. He emphasized the importance of protecting Ghana's religious harmony, which is crucial to the nation's well-being

History sometimes has a habit of framing cultures as either heroes or villains, depending on the source. When it comes to Greek sources Herodotus "The Father of History", is kinda the go to when it comes to the period of antiquity. Every story needs a bad guy or a great evil to overcome, and when it comes to Herodotus his history was many times more fiction than fact. For the Greeks it was the vast and powerful Persian Empire coming to snuff out the light of the greek world. Weeeellllll...the Greeks were already doing a decent job of that themselves to be honest. While the first Persian Empire, established by the Acheamenid (Ack-a-men-id) Dynasty was central to the story of Greece "uniting", the Persians were across the Aegean doing some pretty incredible things. Founded by Cyrus the Great the Achaemenid Dynasty became the largest empire in the world during its time. Religious Tolerance, establishment of great road systems to carry trade and culture, the first mail system, a standardized monetary system based on the gold and silver, and a common language just to name a few. We owe a surprising amount of things in our modern world to this Empire. Tune in a find out just who were the Achaemenids and why maybe the Greeks kinda had it coming... Support the show

Today's HeadlinesAnti-conversion law holds strong in NepalFaith instead of fear: remembering 21 Libya martyrsHungering and thirsting in Lent and Ramadan

Raja Birbal is a man of such exceptional wisdom and wit that he will become the stuff of legends. Birbal is just one of the Nine Gems Akbar surrounds himself with, remarkable people who will help the emperor enact a series of wide reaching and radical reforms. The ruler takes it upon himself to absorb the teachings of all religions he has access to, which includes the Portuguese Jesuits who are making Goa their home. In rejecting tradition in the pursuit of reason, how will Akbar foster open minded religious debate? And how, amidst all this peaceful dialogue, does he still manage to wage war and expand his kingdom?  Listen as William and Anita discuss how Akbar revolutionised his governance and promoted religious tolerance in his realm.  Twitter: @Empirepoduk Email: empirepoduk@gmail.com Goalhangerpodcasts.com Assistant Producers: Anouska Lewis & Alice Horrell Producer: Callum Hill Exec Producer: Neil Fearn Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

President Akufo-Addo strongly condemns acts of religious hate, particularly those targeting Dr. Mahamudu Bawumia at a gathering in Kyebi, emphasizing unity and tolerance ahead of Saturday's polls.

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett explore pivotal historical moments about the English Civil War. They masterfully weave together religious conflict, economic transformation, and cultural dynamics to explain how this crucial conflict shaped modern capitalism, the Industrial Revolution, and even contemporary progressive politics. Their engaging conversation style makes complex history accessible and relevant. --

In Berkeley Talks episode 211, Bradley Onishi, a scholar of religion, an ex-evangelical minister and the co-host of the politics podcast Straight White American Jesus, discusses Project 2025, Christian nationalism and the November elections.“Project 2025 is a deeply reactionary Catholic vision for the country,” said Onishi, who gave the 2024 Berkeley Lecture on Religious Tolerance on Oct. 1. “It's a Christian nationalism fueled by Catholic leaders, and in many cases, reactionary Catholic thought.”Many see Trump's vice presidential running mate J.D. Vance, a first-term senator from Ohio, as bolstering Trump's outsider image, said Onishi. But it has gone mostly unnoticed that Vance is a radical religious politician, even more so than former Vice President Mike Pence. “Vance's Catholicism has barely registered as a driving factor in his political profile, and yet it serves as an interpretive key for understanding why Vance was chosen and how he brings a populist radicalism to a potential second Trump presidency — and a direct link to Project 2025,” he said.The UC Berkeley event was sponsored by the Endowed Fund for the Study of Religious Tolerance, the Berkeley Center for the Study of Religion, the Center for Race and Gender, the Institute for the Study of Societal Issues, Social Science Matrix and the Center for Right-Wing Studies.Listen to the episode and read the transcript on UC Berkeley News (news.berkeley.edu/podcasts/berkeley-talks).Photo by Gage Skidmore via Flickr.Music by Blue Dot Sessions. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this week's episode, Fred Bodimer covers Pope Francis's ambitious 11-day trip to the Asia-Pacific region, starting with his visit to Indonesia, the world's largest Muslim-majority country. The Pope emphasizes interfaith unity, urging Indonesians to foster a civilization of peace. Despite his health challenges, Pope Francis remains committed to building bridges between religious communities. The episode also highlights recent news about local parish mergers in St. Louis, including the formation of St. Peter Claver parish, named after a Jesuit priest who ministered to enslaved Africans.

 Fred Bodimer, reporting for KMOX News on religion, sheds light on the alarming surge in anti-Semitic incidents, particularly during the recent Hanukkah period. According to the Anti-Defamation League, over 2000 such incidents have been reported since October 7, marking a staggering 337% increase, notably following Hamas' attack on Israel. Tragic occurrences, like the death of a Jewish man during an anti-Israel protest in Los Angeles, highlight the severity of this issue.

"Nehru and Ambedkar represented two very different visions of the way Buddhism could be imagined. Buddhism is a full-fledged revolution for Ambedkar and Nehru's government was not comfortable with that sort of vision of Buddhism. [Similarly] there is a fracture between the Ambedkarite vision of Buddhism and SN Goenka's vision, in which you can be a Hindu or Christian and still practise Vipassana. It unfolds in a wider ecumenical, secularised idea of what a modern India could be like, and I think those two trajectories are really difficult to reconcile. In its totality, what I really wanted to do was paint a picture of all walks of Buddhist life -- the lives of labourers who were inspired to convert to Buddhism, of intellectuals, of both Sanatan Hindus, who had a certain vision of Buddhism, as well as liberal, more secular-minded Hindus, of progressives, Leftists and Right Wing figures... I wanted to understand the whole composite picture of what Buddhism looked like during this broader period of time."

Hour 2 - John's guests include Sam Brownback and Fred Litwin

Voices of SJS. Season 4: New Beginnings. Hosted by Sylvia Musher-Eizenman, Class of 2029. Her guest is Neda Mowzoun, Saint John's School parent and follower of the Bahá'í faith.  This is one of several interviews Sylvia conducted to complete a group research project on Religious Tolerance. Voices of SJS is an sjspr.radio podcast. This episode was produced by Pilar Álamo and edited by Sixto Ortiz. We use the song Tacco by Crowander under a NonCommercial Creative Commons 4.0 International License

Keith Giles, a self-proclaimed "heretic" and former Evangelical; Dr. Safi Kaskas, a devout Muslim; Gregory T. Smith, an ex-Southern Baptist Pastor whose journey led him to explore Neopaganism and Taoism; Matthew DiStefano, a book publisher dwelling in the realm that lies between Christianity and secular humanism; and Caleb, a practicing Bahá'í.What common threads of belief connect these diverse individuals? And how do they navigate disagreements while fostering an attitude of openness towards people with differing perspectives and beliefs? Together, they engage in a candid examination and confrontation of the beliefs that have historically served as barriers to coexistence, thereby promoting a deeper understanding of the human experience among those who hail from and identify with different religious and cultural groups.Connect with us  Tune in to our live podcast recordings on ⁠⁠⁠⁠instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠Email: Ideasdigest@gmail.comShow sponsors  ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Quoir Publishing⁠⁠⁠⁠Music: Lawson Hull  ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify

#228.**To support the podcast or to sponsor an episode: https://seforimchatter.com/support-seforimchatter/ or email seforimchatter@gmail.com (Zelle/QP this email address)****Corporate sponsor of the series Gluck Plumbing: For all your service needs big or small in NJ with a full service division, from boiler change outs, main sewer line snake outs, camera-ing main lines, to a simple faucet leak, Gluck Plumbing Service Division has you covered. Give them a call -   732-523-1836 x 1. **Spanish Jewry Through the Ages, Episode 13: Prof. Francois Soyer - The Expulsion and Forced conversion of the Jews in Portugal, 1497We discussed the origins and history of the Jews of Portugal, the effect of the expulsion from Spain in 1492 on Portugal and its Jews, how many Jews traveled from Spain to Portugal, Portugal's "promise" to the Jews, King Jao II, King Manuel I and his marriage to Isabel - daughter of King Ferdinand and Isballa of Spain, the confiscation of Jewish land, the taking of the Jewish children, the forced conversions, and much moreTo purchase, "The Persecution of the Jews and Muslims of Portugal: King Manuel I and the End of Religious Tolerance (1496-7)": https://brill.com/display/title/14251?language=enTo purchase Prof. Haim Beinart's, "The Expulsion of the Jews from Spain": https://amzn.to/3P8Gpxq

Voices of SJS. Season 4: New Beginnings. Hosted by Sylvia Musher-Eizenman, Class of 2029. Her guests are fellow research project teammates, Minnie Gamblin ‘29, Henry Westmeyer ‘29 and their 6th Grade Social Studies teacher, Ms. Mayra Rodríguez. They talk about their collaborative learning process and the data they collected. Voices of SJS is an sjspr.radio podcast. This episode was produced by Pilar Álamo and edited by Sixto Ortiz. We use the song Tacco by Crowander under a NonCommercial Creative Commons 4.0 International License

Religious Tolerance is something we lack in this country. In this episode I spoke about the recent clash between the bishop and the people of nogokpo. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/ernest-edem-atiase/message

Rendering Unconscious episode 247. Today's guests are Drs. Avgi Saketopoulou and Ann Pellegrini. They are here tp discuss their new book Gender Without Identity (UIT Press, 2023). https://uitbooks.com/shop/gender-without-identity Avgi Saketopoulou is a psychoanalyst in private practice in NYC, and a member of the faculty at New York University's Postdoctoral Program in Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis. She is the author of Sexuality Beyond Consent: Risk, Race, Traumatophilia from the Sexual Cultures Series, NYU Press. https://www.avgisaketopoulou.com Ann Pellegrini is Professor of Performance Studies & Social and Cultural Analysis at New York University, and a practicing psychoanalyst. Their books include Performance Anxieties: Staging Psychoanalysis, Staging Race and Love the Sin: Sexual Regulation and the Limits of Religious Tolerance (coauthored with Janet R. Jakobsen). https://as.nyu.edu/faculty/ann-pellegrini.html This episode also available to view at YouTube: https://youtu.be/BgjmBx22B2I You can support the podcast at our Patreon, where we post exclusive content every week: https://www.patreon.com/vanessa23carl Your support is greatly appreciated! Rendering Unconscious Podcast is hosted by Dr. Vanessa Sinclair, a psychoanalyst based in Sweden, who works with people internationally: www.drvanessasinclair.net Follow Dr. Vanessa Sinclair on social media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/rawsin_ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/rawsin_/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@drvanessasinclair23 Visit the main website for more information and links to everything: www.renderingunconscious.org The song at the end of the episode is “There is only one libido” from the album This is Voyeurism by Vanessa Sinclair and Pete Murphy. Available at Bandcamp. https://petemurphy.bandcamp.com All music at Swedish independent record label Highbrow Lowlife Bandcamp page is name your price. Enjoy! https://highbrowlowlife.bandcamp.com Music also available to stream via Spotify & other streaming platforms. Many thanks to Carl Abrahamsson, who created the intro and outro music for Rendering Unconscious podcast. https://www.carlabrahamsson.com Image of book cover

Tolerance is still an issue in Indonesia although it must be acknowledged, that the majority of people have actually practiced tolerance in common life for centuries. - Toleransi masih menjadi persoalan di Indonesia meskipun harus diakui, bahwa mayoritas masyarakat sebenarnya telah mempraktikkan toleransi dalam kehidupan bersama selama berabad-abad.

There are places in the world where religious tolerance and cultural diversity are not respected. Lance Cpl. Clayton Rogers takes us to the Blue Mosque where Afghan reporters shed light on U.S. forces support and acceptance of different religious faiths. Includes soundbites from Farooq Sadat - Tolo TV reporter and Mullah Halimi - Mosque priest. Hosted by Airman 1st Class Marshall Hunsaker.

Intro and voicer for Supreme Court Post Office.

Roam with us to Sophia, Bulgaria. After roaming for 4 months, travel fatigue was setting in. We set our bags down for 2 weeks and simply lived and enjoyed Sophia. Learn more about this charming, post-communist city that is known for religious tolerance and diverse cultures. We take a popular free walking tour and learn what invention makes Bulgarian people proud.  Note: Background sounds recorded live in destination.ROAM WITH US: For more info, blogs & fun pics visit us: https://www.liveletroam.com FOLLOW US Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/liveletroam/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/liveletroam/ SPECIAL THANKS: Theme music creator Jungle Sneak, Track by, Kelly James & Pixabay for providing royalty free music https://pixabay.com/music/ 

Many newcomers to Buddhism wonder how their spiritual practice might relate to the spiritual practices of others. In this episode, Sensei Morris Doshin Sullivan talks about the Buddhist king, Ashoka, and his commitment to cooperation between religions. Sensei Morris will also share a short story about a time when King Pasenadi went on a diet. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/morris-sullivan/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/morris-sullivan/support

Authoritarian states promote religious tolerance without necessarily ensuring freedom of religion or belief. Last month, USCIRF released a report distinguishing between these two concepts and explains the origins of religious tolerance promotion as a tool of statecraft. The report presents case studies of countries engaged in religious tolerance promotion, such as Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Qatar, Russia, and Uzbekistan. Dr. David Warren, the author of the report and lecturer in the Department of Jewish, Islamic, and Middle Eastern Studies at Washington University in St. Louis, join us to today to discuss the important findings and ways the U.S. government can utilize discussions of religious tolerance to set a groundwork for broader rights protections.Read the full report on “Tolerance, Religious Freedom, and Authoritarianism”With Contributions from:Scott Weiner, Supervisory Policy Analyst, USCIRFVeronica McCarthy, Public Affairs Associate, USCIRF

December 27, 1657. Settlers in what is today Queens, New York write “The Flushing Remonstrance,” a petition that, for the first time in North American history, articulates that freedom of religion is a fundamental right.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Photo: No known restrictions on publication. @Batchelorshow #Kazahkstan: Religious tolerance in Central Asia. Ambassador Yerzhan Ashikbayev, the current Kazakh ambassador to the United States, since April 2021. Malcolm Hoenlein @Conf_of_pres @mhoenlein1 https://astanatimes.com/2022/06/kazakhstan-invites-religious-associations-to-congress-of-leaders-of-world-and-traditional-religions/ https://astanatimes.com/2022/08/seventh-congress-of-leaders-of-world-and-traditional-religions-to-focus-on-spiritual-development-in-post-covid-19-period/ https://astanatimes.com/2022/08/our-economies-are-complementary-says-israeli-ambassador-to-kazakhstan/ https://religions-congress.org/en/page/o-sezde https://astanatimes.com/2022/08/congress-of-leaders-of-world-and-traditional-religions-is-important-for-dialogue-and-cooperation-between-nations-and-religions/ https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2022/07/28/escaping-a-bear-hug-kazakhstan-seeks-closer-ties-to-us-and-europe/ https://emerging-europe.com/news/how-russias-invasion-of-ukraine-is-changing-central-asias-relationship-with-moscow/

In this edition: Inspiring the struggle for freedom: new excavations solve a decades old mystery about US freedom fighter Harriet Tubman -- Religious tolerance in danger: How Hindu radicals foster hatred against the Muslim minority in India.

Is the Arab world re-embracing its Jews? Are the rights of LGBTQ+ people under threat? And do the police have a misogyny problem? Olly Mann and The Week delve behind the headlines and debate what really matters from the past seven days. With Theo Tait, Emma Smith and Arion McNicoll.Eddie Thomas' GoFund Me page: https://www.gofundme.com/f/help-eddie-raise-money-for-hrt?utm_medium=referral&utm_source=unknown&utm_campaign=comms_cq5n+help-eddie-raise-money-for-hrt

This week on The Non-Prophets, Cynthia, Jena and Malty welcome a new guest to the show, The Afro Humanist, on a series of topical news from the motherland where the state of Nigeria open delegations with Egypt to combat religious extremism. At the top of the show, we have an NP Update on Ex-Bishop Novell. He has found new employment.. as a “farmer” of sorts. Eyewitness accounts surface about the tragic slayings of cult parishioners following the death of a cultist leader from Jamaica. In the final segment, there is a “Step in the Right Direction” as a fraudulent church is forced to pay back FEMA money after making false claims following Hurricane Katrina.Articles DiscussedSegment 1 [10:31]: Looking Back: “Ex-Bishop Exports Pig Semen.. Oh My!”Main Article: “Ex-Bishop Finds New Job”http://tiny.cc/exbishopseamen Additional References:“Spanish Bishop Quits for Erotica Writer”http://tiny.cc/bishopanderoticwriter “Cardinal Pleads for Bishop's Privacy”http://tiny.cc/BishopprivacyNP CLIP: from Segment #2 of The Non-Prophets, Episode 20.39 “Ex-bishop in love with a colorful sinner” http://tiny.cc/NPYT2039Segment 2 [41:18]: “Religious Tolerance to Fight Extremism”Main Article: “Nigeria, Egypt Attempt to Fight Extremism” http://tiny.cc/Nigeriaegyptfight Additional References:“Islam: Religion of Violence”http://tiny.cc/islamnparticle“Complicated Conflict in Nigeria”http://tiny.cc/conflictinnigeria “Impact of Shari'a Law on non-Muslims”http://tiny.cc/shariaonnonmuslims “Nigerian Singer's Death Sentence”http://tiny.cc/singersentencetodeath Segment 3 [1:07:00]: “Because the Cultist Pastor Said So”Main Article: “Cultist Pastor Demands Beheading of Woman” http://tiny.cc/cultbeheadingAdditional References:“Cult Leader Dies in Car Crash”http://tiny.cc/cultleaderdies “Shun Religious Cults and Leaders”http://tiny.cc/shuntheleadersSegment 4 [1:22:45]: Step in the Right Direction: “Pay Back for Your Sins”Main Article: “Archdiocese Pays for False Katrina Claims” http://tiny.cc/payingfakekatclaims Additional References:“Fraudulent Churches in the US”http://tiny.cc/fakechurches

The United Nations marks November 16 each year as the International Day for Tolerance. Religious tolerance is one key component of tolerance overall. Governments in the Middle East have increasingly espoused a doctrine of religious tolerance, especially after September 11, 2001. Along the same lines, the U.S. government has encouraged greater tolerance abroad as an antidote to extremism, especially violent extremism. Many countries in the Middle East showcase their churches, synagogues, and mosques as evidence of tolerance. The recently signed Abraham Accords have also reignited the conversation on religious tolerance. USCIRF Supervisory Policy Analyst Scott Weiner joins us today to discuss the potential pitfalls of promoting religious tolerance rather than freedom of religion or belief as defined in the international human rights standards. He also discusses the difference between the two, and how the U.S. government can support religious tolerance in a way that most effectively advances the national interest in promoting religious freedom.

Part III - [ ] Religious tolerance, separation of church and state - [ ] Individual freedom and Liberalism - [ ] United States, the Democratic Experiment --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/theworkingclassintelligentsia/message

One of the most enduring images of the Mongolian Empire is that it was a model of religious tolerance, one where each of the Khan's subjects were free to worship as they pleased. This is not a new belief;  in the 18th century, Edward Gibbon presented Chinggis Khan as a forerunner of the enlightenment, and for modern audiences the notion was repopularized with Jack Weatherford's book Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World. Some use the notion to counter the common presentations of Mongol brutality, usually accompanying blanket terms that all religious clergy were exempted from taxation, labour and were respected- or go as far as to present the Mongols as the inspiration for modern liberal religious toleration. While there is an element of truth to be had here, as with so much relating to the Mongols, describing the Chinggisid empire as a state of religious tolerance where all religions east and west lived in harmony fails to capture the reality of the period.       Even before the founding of the empire, Chinggis Khan interacted with a variety of religions. During his war to unify Mongolia, Chinggis Khan was supported by men of various religious backgrounds: Mongolian shamanist-animists, Nestorian Christians, Buddhists and Muslims, one of whom, Jafar Khoja, was supposedly a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad, and stood with him at the muddy waters of Lake Baljuna during one of his lowest moments. The most prominent tribes in the Mongolian steppe in the 12th century were Nestorian Christians such as the Kereyid and Naiman, and on the declaration of the Mongol Empire in 1206 Chinggis Khan's army and administration were quite mixed. Chinggis Khan himself was an animist: in Mongolian belief, all things in the world were inhabited by spirits which had to be consulted and placated. It was the job of shamans to intercede with these spirits on the Mongols' behalf. Generally, shamanism is not an exclusive religion; one can consult a shaman and still practice other faiths. The shaman was not like a Christian priest or Islamic imam, but a professional one could consult with regardless of other religious affiliation. The persuasion and power of religion in the Mongol steppe  came from the charisma of specific holy men -such as shamans- and their power to convene with spirits and Heaven on the Khan's behalf in order to secure his victory.        This seems to have been the guiding principle for how Chinggis Khan, and most of his successors, approached religion. Some Mongols viewed the major religions they encountered -Daoism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam- as all praying to the same God via different methods. This was more or less the statement that in the 1250s, Chinggis' grandson Mongke Khaan provided to the Franciscan friar William of Rubruck during an interview, stating that “We Mongols believe that there is only one God through whom we have life and through whom we die, and towards him we direct our hearts [...] But just as God has given the hand several fingers, so he has given mankind several paths.”       Usually for the Khans, it did not matter who was right, as basically all of the major religions were. What mattered was that these religions should pray to God on behalf of the Chinggisids to ensure divine favour for their rule. Heaven's will was manifested through victories and rulership, while it's displeasure manifested in defeats and anarchy. Much like the concept of the Chinese Mandate of Heaven, the right to rule provided by heaven could be rescinded, and thus the Mongols hoped to continually appease Heaven.       But the Mongols' views on religion were not static and took years to develop into their political theology- and nor were they inherently tolerant, and favours were allotted more on a personal basis. For example, in 1214 Chinggis Khan, or one of his sons, had an encounter with a Buddhist monk named Haiyun. Haiyun, with his head shaved bare in accordance with his role as a monk, was told by the Khan to grow his hair out and braid it in Mongolian fashion- for at that time, the Mongols were attempting to order the general population of north China to do so as a sign of their political subordination.  Religions in China dictated how one should maintain their hair; Buddhist monks had to shave their heads, Daoist monks could keep their hair long, while the general Chinese population, on Confucian teaching, could not cut their hair in adulthood, as it was a gift from the parents, and thus was kept in topknots. Demanding that the general population adopt the unique, partly shaved Mongolian hairstyle, was therefore a decree against all of China's major religions. The Mongols did not succeed in this policy and soon abandoned it's implementation on its sedentary subjects, though other sources indicate it was enforced on nomadic Turkic tribes who entered Mongol service, indicating their submission to the Great Khan. Notably the Manchu would successfully implement such a policy after their conquest of China 400 years later, forcing the population to adopt the long queues at the back of the head. When the Chinese revolted against Manchu rule, the cutting of the queue was one of the clearest signs of rejecting the Qing Dynasty.   Back to the Buddhist monk Haiyun, who Chinggis had ordered to grow out his hair in Mongol fashion. Haiyun told Chinggis that he could not adopt the Mongol hairstyle, as growing his hair out violated his duty as a monk. Learning this, Chinggis Khan allowed Haiyun to maintain his baldness, then in time extended this allowance to all Buddhist and Daoist clergy.  Even with this first privilege, Haiyun and his master did not receive coveted tax exempt status until 1219, and then on the recommendation of Chinggis' viceroy in North China, Mukhali. This is the earliest indication of Chinggis Khan granting of such a favour, followed soon by the extensive privileges granted to the Daoist master Qiu Chuji. The Daoist had made the journey from North China to meet Chinggis Khan in Afghanistan on the Khan's urging, ordered to bring Chinggis the secret to eternal life, as the Mongols had been told Qiu Chuji was 300 years old. Master Qiu Chuji told Chinggis that not only did he not have such power, but Chinggis should also abstain from hunting and sexual activity. Not surprisingly, Chinggis Khan did not take this advice, but he did grant the man extensive privileges, tax exempt status and authority over all Daoists in China. Importantly, Chinggis' edict was directed personally at Qiu Chuji and his disciples, rather than Daoism as a whole. The value Qiu Chuji had to Chinggis was on his individual religious charisma and ability to intercede with the heavens on the Khan's behalf, as well as his many followers who could be induced to accept Mongol rule. In Chinggis' view, the fact that Qiu Chuji was a Daoist leader did not entitle him to privileges. Neither did the Mongols initially differentiate between Buddhism and Daoism. In part due to the vaguely worded nature of Chinggis' edicts, Qiu Chuji's Daoist followers used these decrees to exert authority over Buddhists as well, seizing Buddhist temples and forcing Buddhist monks to become Daoists, beginning a Buddhist-Daoist conflict that lasted the rest of the 13th century.       The point of these anecdotes is to demonstrate that the conquests did not begin with a specific policy of general religious tolerance or support for local religious institutions. Governmental support and privilege was provided on an ad hoc basis, especially when a group or individual was seen as influential with the almighty. Toleration itself was also advertised as a tool; in the Qara-Khitai Empire, in what is now eastern Kazakhstan and northwestern China, an enemy of Chinggis Khan, prince Kuchlug of the Naiman tribe, had fled to Qara-Khitai and eventually usurped power. Originally an Eastern Christian, that is a Nestorian, in Qara-Khitai Kuchlug converted to a violent strang of Buddhism and began to force the Muslim clerics, particularly in the Tarim Basin, to convert to Chrisitanity or Buddhism on pain of death. When Chinggis Khan's forces under Jebe Noyan arrived in 1217 pursuing the prince, they recognized the general resentment against Kuchlug and, in order to undermine his support, declared that anyone who submitted to the Mongols would be free to practice their religion. The announcement worked well, as the empire was quickly and successfully turned over to the Mongols, and the renegade prince Kuchlug cornered and killed. Notably, this announcement did not come with statements of privileges or tax exemptions at large for the Islamic religious leaders. It was a decree spread to deliberately encourage the dissolution of the Qara-Khitai and ease the Mongol conquest- in this region, it was a comparatively peaceful conquest, by Mongol standards. But it was not coming from any specific high-mindedness for the treatment of religion, but an intention to expand into this territory and defeat the fleeing Kuchlug.       By the reign of Chinggis' son Ogedai in the early 1230s, the Mongol stance towards religions became more solidified. A major advancement, on the insistence of advisers like the Buddhist Khitan scholar Yelu Chucai, was that privileges were to be granted on religious communities and institutions rather than based on individual charisma, which made them easier to regulate and manage. Chucai also impressed upon the Mongols that Buddhism and Daoism were distinct beliefs, though the Mongols seem to have often continually erroneously thought both creeds worshipped a supreme deity a la Christianity and Islam. Buddhist and Daoism became, alongside Christianity and Islam, the four main “foreign religions” which the Mongols would issue edicts regarding privileges. It was not an evenly applied thing. With Islam, for instance, it can be said the Mongols often had the greatest difficulties. For one thing, the rapid annihilation of the Khwarezmian empire, the world's single most powerful islamic state at the time, resulted in the deaths of perhaps millions of Muslims as well as the belief that the Mongols were a punishment sent by God- a belief the Mongols encouraged. The reduction of Islam from “the state religion” to “just another religion of the Khan's subjects,” was a difficult one for many an imam and qadi to accept. For a universalist religion like Islam, subjugation to a pagan entity was a difficult pill to swallow, and the destruction of cities, mosques, agriculture and vast swathes of the population would not have been eased by statements of how tolerant the Mongols supposedly were.        Further, it is apparent that the Mongols' rule for the first decade or two of their interaction with the Islamic world was not tolerant. Part of this comes to an inherent conflict between the sharia law of Islam, and the yassa of Chinggis Khan. The yassa and yosun of Chinggis Khan were his laws and customs set out to provide a framework for Mongol life, which regulated interactions for the state, individuals, the environment, the spirits and the heavenly. As a part of this, it was decreed that animals had to be slaughtered in the Mongolian fashion; the animal usually knocked unconscious, turned onto its back, an incision made in the chest and its heart crushed. The intention was to prevent the spilling of the animals' blood needlessly upon the earth, which could beget misfortune. Contravening this was forbidden and punishable by death. The problem was that this is inherently conflicting with halal and kosher slaughter, which entailed slitting the throat and draining the blood. At various times over the thirteenth century, this was used as an excuse to punish and lead reprisals against Muslims. A number of Persian language sources assert that Ogedai Khaan's brother Chagatai was a harsh enforcer of the yassa on the empire's Muslim population. In the 1250s ‘Ala al-Din Juvaini asserted that Muslims in Central Asia were unable to make any halal killings due to Chagatai, and were forced to eat carrion from the side of the road. The Khwarezmian refugee Juzjani meanwhile said Chagatai planned a genocide of the Muslims. While these sources like to depict Chagatai as a foil to Ogedai's more ‘friendly to islam' image, it remains clear that for many Muslims, it was felt that the Mongol government had a particular hatred for them. But Chagatai was not the only one to enforce this. Ogedai himself briefly sought to enforce this rule, and the famous Khubilai Khan grew increasingly unfriendly to religion in his old age, and in the 1280s launched anti-muslim policies, banning halal slaughter and circumcision on pain of death. The incident which apparently set him off was a refusal of Muslim merchants in Khubilai's court to eat meat prepared in the Mongolian manner, though it may also have been an attempt to appease some of the Chinese elite by appearing to reduce Islamic and Central Asian influence in his government, particularly after the assassination of Khubilai's corrupt finance minister Ahmad Fanakati.        Even Daoism, favoured early by the Mongols thanks to the meeting of Qiu Chuji and Chinggis Khan, suffered stiff reprisals from the Mongol government. As the conflict between the Daoists and Buddhists escalated, in the 1250s on the behest of his brother Mongke Khaan, prince Khubilai headed a debate between representatives of the two orders. Khubilai, inclined to Buddhism on the influence of his wife and personal conversion, chose the Buddhists as the winners. Declaring a number of Daoist texts forgeries, Khubilai ordered many to be destroyed and banned from circulation, while also reducing their privileges. This failed to abate the tensions, and in the 1280s an older, less patient Khubilai responded with the destruction of all but one Daoist text, Lau Zi's Daodejing, and with murder, mutilation and exile for the offending Daoists.       Privileges only extended to religions the Mongols saw as useful, or offered evidence that they had support from heaven. Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Manicheism and Hinduism were usually totally ignored by the Mongols and did not receive the same privileges as the Christian, Buddhist, Daoist and Islamic clergy. Judaism may have received tax exemption status in the Ilkhanate for a brief period in the 1280s  and 90s due to the influence of a Jewish vizier, Sa'd al-Dawla, while in the Yuan Dynasty it took until 1330 for Judaism to earn such a status. As these religions lacked states which interacted with the Mongols, the Mongols saw these religions as having no power from heaven, and were therefore useless to them. Without any political clout, and of small representation within the Empire, these groups largely escaped the notice of the Khans.       The Mongols were also not above ordering the annihilation of a religion or religious groups when they defied them. The most well known case was a Shi'ite sect, the Nizari Ismailis, better known as the Assassins. Due to their resistance against the Mongol advance, the sect was singled out for destruction not just politically, but religiously, as Mongke Khaan had become convinced of this necessity by his more orthodox Islamic advisers. This task fell to his brother Hulegu, who enacted his brother's will thoroughly. Soon after the destruction of the Ismaili fortresses, which was lauded by Hulegu's Sunni Muslim biographer ‘Ala al-Din Juvaini,  Hulegu famously sacked Baghdad and killed the Caliph in 1258. Juvaini's chronicle, perhaps coincidentally, cuts off just before the siege of Baghdad. This attack on Baghdad was not religiously motivated; the Caliph had refused to accept Mongol authority. As a seemingly powerful head of a religion, his independence could not be abided. It was not a specifically anti-Islamic sentiment here, but a political one. Had the Mongols marched on Rome and the Pope also refused their mandate, such a fate would have awaited him as well. The presence of Christians in Hulegu's army, many from the Kingdom of Georgia and Cilician Armenia who partook with great enthusiasm in the slaughter of Muslims on Hulegu's request at Baghdad and in his campaign into Syria, as well as the fact that Hulegu's mother and chief wife were Chrisitans, would not have been lost on many Muslims, as well as the fact that Hulegu himself was a Buddhist.  Hulegu after the conquest of Baghdad ordered its rebuilding, but placed a Shi'ite Muslim in charge of this task and sponsored the restoration of Christian churches and monasteries, and other minority religions in his majority sunni-islam territories.     When the Mongols did convert to the local religions, they were not above carrying out with zeal assaults on other religious communities in their empire. Such was the case for Khans like Ozbeg in the Golden Horde or Ghazan in the Ilkhanate, who converted to Islam and struck against Christian, Buddhist and shamanic elements in their realms. These were as a rule very brief rounds of zealousness, as the economic usage of these groups and the uneven conversion of their followers to Islam made it politically and economically more useful to abandon these measures.        This is not to say of course, that there is no basis for the idea of Mongol religious tolerance, especially when compared to some contemporary states: just that when the favours, privileges and state support were granted, they were usually done to the four main religious groups the Mongols designated: again, Muslims, Christians, Daoists and Buddhists. So entrenched did these groups become as the “favoured religions” that in the Yuan Dynasty by the 14th century it was believed these four groups had been singled out by Chinggis Khan for their favours. This is despite the fact that Chinggis Khan had no recorded interactions with any Christian holymen.   But not idly should we dismiss the notion of there being a certain level of religious toleration among the Mongols. Not without reason was Ogedai Khaan portrayed as friendly in many Islamic sources, and he regularly gave the most powerful positions in the administration of North China to Muslims.  European travellers among the Mongols, such as John De Plano Carpini, Marco Polo and Simon of St. Quentin, along with Persian bureaucrats like ‘Ala al-Din Juvaini and the Syriac Churchman Bar Hebraeus, generally reported Mongol indifference to what religions were practiced by their subjects, as long as said subjects accepted Mongol command. Sorqaqtani Beki, the mother of Mongke and Khubilai, was a Nestorian Christian famous for patronizing and supporting mosques and madrassas. Mongke Khaan held feasts to mark the end of Ramadan where he would distribute alms and at least one such feast held in Qaraqorum, listened to a qadi deliver a sermon. He show respect to his Muslim cousin Berke, and for him had halal meat at one imperial banquet. If the yassa of Chinggis Khan was upheld thoroughly, then the Khans and all princes present would have been executed. In the four level racial hierarchy Khubilai Khan instituted in China, Muslims and Central Asians were second only to Mongols and nomads, and ranked above all Chinese peoples.    Religious men visiting the Khans usually left with the belief that the Khan was about to convert to their religion, so favourably had they been received. Khubilai Khan asked Marco Polo's father and uncle to bring him back  100 Catholic priests and holy oil from Jerusalem, and likely sent the Nestorian Rabban bar Sauma to Jerusalem for similar purposes. Marco Polo then goes on to present Khubilai as a good Christian monarch in all but name. Qaraqorum, the Mongol imperial capital, held Daoist and Buddhist temples across the street from Mosques and Churches. In Khubilai's capital of Dadu and the Ilkhanid capital of Sultaniyya were Catholic archbishoprics by the early 14th century. So there certainly was a level of toleration within the Mongol Empire that contemporaries, with wonder or frustration, could remark truthfully that it was quite different from their own homelands.    Such religious syncretism survived well into the century, when claimants to the fragmenting successor Khanates in western Asia, in order to define their legitimacy amongst the largely converted Mongol armies and stand out amongst the many Chinggisids, latched onto Islamic identities. Eager to prove their sincerity, they pushed back violently against even traditional Mongol shamanism. Despite it's early difficulties, in the end Islam largely won amongst the Mongols of the western half of the empire and their descendants, overcoming the brief revitalization Nestorian Christianity and Buddhism had enjoyed thanks to Mongol patronage. Such was the final outcome of the Mongols' religious toleration     Our series on the Mongols will continue, so be sure to subscribe to the Kings and Generals podcast to follow. If you enjoyed this, and would like to help us keep bringing you great content, please consider supporting us on patreon at www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals, or sharing this with your friends. This episode was researched and written by our series historian, Jack Wilson. I'm your host David, and we'll catch you on the next one.

Calvary Chapel Chino Hills Tape Number: GSX719 Keywords: Free will, Freedom

On this week's episode of TheFallenState TV, host Jesse Lee Peterson is joined by Dr. Arik Greenberg, the founder and president of the Institute for Religious Tolerance, Peace and Justice. Dr. Greenberg also has a Ph.D. in Religious Studies, with a special focus on New Testament and Christian Origins. In this interview, Jesse and Dr. Greenberg discuss whether it's possible for people of Christian and Jewish faiths to get along with those of Muslim faith. They also tackle a bit of Dr. Greenberg's expertise in New Testament and Christian origins, as well as how his faith informs his views on politics and social issues. Don't miss this very thought-provoking discussion!

July 20th 2021 Moodus CT, USA

On this episode, Michael Breidenbach joins contributing editor Mark Bauerlein to discuss his recent book, "Our Dear-Bought Liberty: Catholics and Religious Tolerance in Early America."

Michael Breidenbach joins contributing editor Mark Bauerlein to discuss his recent book, “Our Dear-Bought Liberty: Catholics and Religious Tolerance in Early America.”

Website - Tumblr - Twitter  Join us for the Season 4 Round up, as we discuss all things Merlin Season 4.  Thank you to everyone who listened and wrote in; everyone who discussed, debated, and made friends on the website; everyone who played the Lesson Learnt game, became a Patreon or supported us through Ko-Fi, purchased items from our Red Bubble store, liked and shared our content on social media, and was all around awesome. ------------------------------------------- As mentioned in the podcast: “Thoughts on Princess Mithian” by ravenya03 on LiveJournal Arthuriana Vol. 25, No. 1, Special Issue on Cinematic Re-imaginings of Arthurian Literature (SPRING 2015), Casting, Plotting, and Enchanting: Arthurian Women in Starz's "Camelot" and the BBC's "Merlin" JENNIFER C. EDWARDS  Multiculturalism, Diversity, and Religious Tolerance in Modern Britain and the BBC's "Merlin" DAVID C. TOLLERTON

Zahra N. Jamal is Associate Director at Rice University's Boniuk Institute for Religious Tolerance, and a Diversity, Equity, Inclusion Consultant. An award-winning former faculty member at Harvard and MIT, Dr. Jamal was founding director of the Civil Islam Initiative at University of Chicago, founding director of the Central Asia and International Development Initiative at Michigan State, and Associate Director at The Institute for Social Policy and Understanding’s Center for the Study of American Muslims. Her fieldwork covers voluntarism, migrant labor, gender-equity, and food security in Muslim societies. Dr. Jamal consults on gender, race, and religion for the UN, State Department, Department of Justice, Aspen Institute, Aga Khan Development Network, and private corporations. She has published with Duke University Press, The New York Times, Foreign Policy, and The Hill, and appeared on BBC World News. She received her M.A. and Ph.D. in cultural anthropology and Middle Eastern Studies from Harvard, double B.A. in Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies and in Slavic Studies from Rice, and is a Certified Diversity Professional.

Religion has become a vital element in identity politics globally after the terror attacks of 11 September 2001 in the United States of America. And so the question of how religious tolerance may be secured in the modern world can no longer be avoided. Can religious tolerance be placed on a firmer footing by finding grounds for it within the different faiths themselves? This book addresses that question. In Religious Tolerance: A History (Harper Collins, 2019), Arvind Sharma examines Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Confucianism, Daoism and Shinto - whose followers together cover over two-thirds of the globe - to identify instances of tolerance in the history of each of these to help the discussion proceed on the basis of historical facts. This is a timely book - the first of its kind in scope and ambition. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Religion has become a vital element in identity politics globally after the terror attacks of 11 September 2001 in the United States of America. And so the question of how religious tolerance may be secured in the modern world can no longer be avoided. Can religious tolerance be placed on a firmer footing by finding grounds for it within the different faiths themselves? This book addresses that question. In Religious Tolerance: A History (Harper Collins, 2019), Arvind Sharma examines Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Confucianism, Daoism and Shinto - whose followers together cover over two-thirds of the globe - to identify instances of tolerance in the history of each of these to help the discussion proceed on the basis of historical facts. This is a timely book - the first of its kind in scope and ambition. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/intellectual-history

Religion has become a vital element in identity politics globally after the terror attacks of 11 September 2001 in the United States of America. And so the question of how religious tolerance may be secured in the modern world can no longer be avoided. Can religious tolerance be placed on a firmer footing by finding grounds for it within the different faiths themselves? This book addresses that question. In Religious Tolerance: A History (Harper Collins, 2019), Arvind Sharma examines Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Confucianism, Daoism and Shinto - whose followers together cover over two-thirds of the globe - to identify instances of tolerance in the history of each of these to help the discussion proceed on the basis of historical facts. This is a timely book - the first of its kind in scope and ambition. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Religion has become a vital element in identity politics globally after the terror attacks of 11 September 2001 in the United States of America. And so the question of how religious tolerance may be secured in the modern world can no longer be avoided. Can religious tolerance be placed on a firmer footing by finding grounds for it within the different faiths themselves? This book addresses that question. In Religious Tolerance: A History (Harper Collins, 2019), Arvind Sharma examines Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Confucianism, Daoism and Shinto - whose followers together cover over two-thirds of the globe - to identify instances of tolerance in the history of each of these to help the discussion proceed on the basis of historical facts. This is a timely book - the first of its kind in scope and ambition. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/indian-religions

Religion has become a vital element in identity politics globally after the terror attacks of 11 September 2001 in the United States of America. And so the question of how religious tolerance may be secured in the modern world can no longer be avoided. Can religious tolerance be placed on a firmer footing by finding grounds for it within the different faiths themselves? This book addresses that question. In Religious Tolerance: A History (Harper Collins, 2019), Arvind Sharma examines Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Confucianism, Daoism and Shinto - whose followers together cover over two-thirds of the globe - to identify instances of tolerance in the history of each of these to help the discussion proceed on the basis of historical facts. This is a timely book - the first of its kind in scope and ambition. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/religion

Mental health alert for 330 million kids in COVID lockdown: UNICEF Suspicion of Muslims at epidemic proportions, Human Rights Council hears Migrants drown after being forced into the sea off Djibouti: IOM 

Annelle Sheline from the Quincy Institute joins me to talk about how authoritarian regimes in the Middle East title themselves "moderate" to stay in power and how US foreign policy influences this. We also talked about Biden's decision to withdrawal offensive military support from Saudi Arabia in Yemen (while still supporting Saudi Arabia defensively), and the decision to remove the FTO designation of the Houthis. Show Notes: Annelle's articles: • Lifting FTO designation of Yemen (Feb 6): https://responsiblestatecraft.org/2021/02/06/biden-to-lift-the-wrongheaded-houthi-terrorist-designation-but-whats-next/ • Ending US support for Saudi offensive military action (Feb 4): https://responsiblestatecraft.org/2021/02/04/biden-to-end-us-support-for-war-in-yemen/ • Middle East regimes are using ‘moderate' Islam to stay in power: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/03/01/middle-east-regimes-are-using-moderate-islam-to-stay-in-power/ • Declaration Proliferation: The International Politics of Religious Tolerance: https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/posts/declaration-proliferation-the-international-politics-of-religious-tolerance Thomas Friedman's article mentioned in the interview: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/23/opinion/saudi-prince-mbs-arab-spring.html

I wanted to slowly end this year of 2020 by giving you an episode on positive interactions between Christians and Jews in the Middle Ages, and especially as a nice follow up to our previous episode on Medieval Antisemitism. In this lecture Dr. Lackner transports us back into the Carolingian Empire under the rule of Charlemagne and eventually his son Louis the Pious. We explore the lives of Jews living under Carolingian rule and their roles ranging from administration and diplomacy to trade. Next we explore the society of the Holy Roman Empire and the success that Jewish communities experienced as men ranging from the Priesthood and Papacy to Politicians ignored and occasionally bent the rules so to speak to attract Jewish families to their communities to further better their structure and economy as a whole. We also take a look at interactions between Jews and Christians while especially looking at the women of both groups and how they were able to form friendly and intimate relationships with one another much easier than their in many cases suspicious male counterparts, from wet nursing to communal ovens we look at a different face of medieval society as we know it. Last but not least we explore art and patronage between Christians and Jews in the Medieval world from coral rosary beads made by Sicilian Jews to art designed by Christians for their Jewish patrons and yes even taking a moment to examine mistakes by Christians in their failings in understanding Jewish life, religion and writing. Touching briefly on conversions and Jews in the military service this episode covers a large and complicated period in human history and we get to explore a variety of topics on Jewish-Christian relations in the "Dark Ages" and we must ask ourselves, were the Middle Ages really that dark? Or do we as humans tend to focus on the negative moments of our history the most while unintentionally letting the many beautiful events and moments pass us by? Further studies and resources! Ibn-Khordadbeh's account of the Radhanites is available on wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radhanite Bishop Rudigar of Speyer's Contract to the Jews: https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/1084landjews.asp More from Dr. Lackner VIOLENT MEN AND MALLEABLE WOMEN:GENDER AND JEWISH CONVERSION TOCHRISTIANITY IN MEDIEVAL SERMON EXEMPLA https://www.academia.edu/30183616/VIOLENT_MEN_AND_MALLEABLE_WOMEN_GENDER_AND_JEWISH_CONVERSION_TO_CHRISTIANITY_IN_MEDIEVAL_SERMON_EXEMPLA Jews through Christian Eyes: The Jewish Other in Thirteenth-Century Papal Policy, Artwork, and Sermon Exempla https://www.academia.edu/9847535/Jews_through_Christian_Eyes_The_Jewish_Other_in_Thirteenth-Century_Papal_Policy_Artwork_and_Sermon_Exempla --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/antiquity-middlages/support

At the top of tonight's show Prof. Barbara McGraw, Director for the Center for Engaged Religious Pluralism, discusses The American Founders & the Role of Religious Pluralism in American Public Life, along with her book, Taking Religious Pluralism Seriously. In the second half of the show, we have returning to the show a favorite guest, Patrick McCollum, discussing religious tolerance and the lack there of in the public arena.  Patrick will update us on his work in the field on this important subject.