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For review:1. China on Thursday voiced strong opposition to any potential US military action against Cuba after reports that the Pentagon was examining contingency plans for possible operations against the island.2. The US military said it carried out the seventh night of strikes on Iran since President Donald Trump declared the temporary ceasefire agreement was "over".In a statement shared on X, US Central Command wrote that its forces "hit surveillance sites, military logistics infrastructure, underground weapons storage, and maritime capabilities".3. The US has reportedly notified Israel that it is sending dozens of additional refueling aircraft to Israel, as US President Donald Trump weighs launching another massive bombing offensive against Iran.4. Iran has reportedly told its regional allies, including Hezbollah, to prepare for the possibility of a broader conflict amid military escalations with the United States, raising the prospect of Israel becoming directly involved in the fighting.5. Iran has asked Yemen's Houthi rebels to stand ready to close the Red Sea oil route if the United States strikes Iranian power infrastructure, three sources told Reuters on Thursday.6. A Hamas company commander who held hostages during the war and served as the “right-hand man” of senior leaders in the terror group was killed in an Israeli strike in the Gaza Strip yesterday, the IDF and Shin Bet announced.7. The Kremlin said on Thursday that there is no immediate prospect of resuming peace talks ​with Ukraine, though it said that Russia remains open to ‌the idea of negotiations.Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said Russia was appreciative of Turkey's willingness to help peace efforts, but no new talks were expected for now.8. Ukraine has agreed on a plan to acquire 16 Rafale fighter jets from France together with the accompanying weapon systems.9. The Pentagon doesn't have a unified strategy for investing in a key hypersonic missile capability for the Navy and the Army — and failing to figure one out could result in additional program delays and inefficient use of funds, a new watchdog report warns.

Today's Poll Question at Smerconish.com: Which of these is the greatest sports rivalry? England-Argentina, Yankees-Red Sox, Ohio State-Michigan, Army-Navy, Duke-North Carolina, Real Madrid-Barcelona, Ali-Frazier, Celtics-Lakers, Palmer-Nicklaus, India-Pakistan, Lehigh-Lafayette, or Harvard-Yale? As England and Argentina prepare for another high-stakes World Cup showdown, Michael explores why The Wall Street Journal calls it the greatest rivalry in sports, tracing its roots through World Cup history, the Falklands War, Maradona's "Hand of God," and decades of national pride. He also makes the case for legendary American and international rivalries - and asks you to weigh in and vote at Smerconish.com. Be sure to then rate, review and share this podcast! Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See https://pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Magnum was the star quarterback in the Army-Navy game, but that won’t help him get to Pasadena(!) in time for this year’s game. It’s all Carol’s fault. But don’t worry, he’ll surely have time to recline at home and watch the game on TV accompanied by an Old Dusseldorf… or is it Duesenberg? Stay out of the infrared beams! Jason Snell, Philip Michaels and David J. Loehr.

Magnum was the star quarterback in the Army-Navy game, but that won’t help him get to Pasadena(!) in time for this year’s game. It’s all Carol’s fault. But don’t worry, he’ll surely have time to recline at home and watch the game on TV accompanied by an Old Dusseldorf… or is it Duesenberg? Stay out of the infrared beams! Jason Snell, Philip Michaels and David J. Loehr.

Last time we spoke about the battle of Zhongtiao Mountain. On 7 May 1941, Japan launched a three-front assault on the Zhongtiao Mountains, striking multiple axes and using paratroopers to disrupt Chinese command. On the northeastern front, Wu Shimin's 98th Army scored a success at Wangcun, routing about 2,000 attackers. Elsewhere, three-pronged Japanese forces drove south toward Yuanqu with overwhelming artillery, armor, and coordinated movement. During the first night, paratroopers found the Chinese headquarters already disordered: orders were unclear and communications with most units collapsed. By 8 May, the First War Zone could no longer coordinate; armies fought alone. From mid-May into June, Japanese units swept the mountains, manning river crossings to block retreat and eliminating pockets. Surviving Chinese formations escaped or regrouped south of the Yellow River, but the three-year Zhongtiao defensive system was destroyed in about twenty days, sharply worsening Japan's strategic situation in northern China.   #208 Operation Plus: The Road to the Second Battle of Changsha Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. In the autumn of 1939, Japanese forces under General Yasuji Okamura launched a major offensive aimed at capturing Changsha — the gateway to China's interior and one of the most important cities still under Nationalist control. The First Battle of Changsha ended without a decisive Japanese victory. Chinese forces, anchored by the Ninth War Zone under General Xue Yue, managed to repel the advance, inflicting significant casualties and preserving the city. It was a notable achievement at a time when Japanese arms had swept across vast swathes of Chinese territory, and it reverberated through both the Chinese military establishment and the watching international community. Following the Japanese withdrawal, Chiang Kai-shek convened the Second Nanyue Military Conference to carry out a thorough assessment of the battle and to plan for the period of relative calm that would follow. The conference sought to answer several pressing questions: What had worked in the defense? Where had coordination broken down? How could the period of Japanese inactivity be used most productively? Chiang made it clear that this respite was not to be wasted. Commanders of all the major war zones were simultaneously expected to serve as governors of their respective provinces, ensuring unity of military and civilian command. Chiang himself set an example by personally assuming the governorship of Sichuan Province and focusing attention on that province's production and reconstruction efforts. The conference produced broad directives for the reconstruction of war-zone provinces and the intensification of military training. For Hunan, responsibility for implementing these directives fell on the shoulders of General Xue Yue, who had emerged from the First Battle of Changsha with greatly enhanced prestige and authority. The reason Changsha and Hunan more broadly attracted such persistent Japanese attention was geographical and logistical. The Yuehan Railway — running from Yueyang in northern Hunan down through Changsha and south toward Guangzhou — was one of the most important transportation arteries in China. Whoever controlled it could move troops, equipment, and supplies across vast distances with speed and reliability. Opening up the Yuehan line would, in Japanese strategic thinking, effectively connect their forces in Central China with those in South China, allowing for a gradual tightening of the strategic noose around Chiang Kai-shek's wartime capital at Chongqing in Sichuan Province. Hunan was therefore not merely a defensive problem for the Chinese; it was a strategic prize that Japan would inevitably seek to take. Xue Yue, whose headquarters were in Changsha, was well aware of this logic. With the First Battle of Changsha behind him and the province in need of recovery, Xue Yue turned his attention to governance. He was not content to wait passively for the next Japanese offensive. He believed that a province that was economically productive, administratively disciplined, and politically stable would provide a far more durable foundation for military resistance than one that was disorganized and demoralized. At the beginning of his tenure as effective governor of Hunan, Xue conducted a thorough survey of the province's situation and then articulated a philosophical framework for his administration in the form of a "three-character policy," consisting of three guiding principles: "Peace"  (an), "Convenience" (bian), and "Sufficiency" ( zu). In Xue's formulation, "Peace" meant that the population should be able to live, work, and conduct their daily affairs free from fear and disruption. "Convenience" meant that policies should benefit the people, the nation, and the war effort simultaneously — eliminating bureaucratic obstacles and inefficiencies. "Sufficiency" meant achieving adequate levels in all essential areas: enough soldiers, enough food, and enough wisdom in leadership. These seemingly simple principles were elaborated into extensive implementation guidelines. The announcement of this framework immediately sparked debate across Hunan's intellectual and administrative community. Veteran officials and scholars were divided. Some praised the policy as a clear and practical framework for wartime governance. Others dismissed it as hollow wordplay, offering nothing new or substantive. A minority was more sharply critical, warning that if such superficial philosophizing was all Xue could offer, the province would decay into warlordism. Undeterred by the criticism, Xue Yue built upon the three-character framework with a set of "Six Policies" for governing the people of Hunan: "Benefiting the People, Raising the People, Educating the People, Protecting the People, Managing the People, and Utilizing the People." Each of these six principles came with specific implementation targets and performance metrics, designed to be measurable rather than aspirational. This second round of policy announcements generated yet another wave of debate, but Xue pressed forward with implementation regardless. From the beginning of 1940, Xue vigorously pushed for the expansion of agricultural and industrial production across the province. His approach was comprehensive and at times uncompromising. He approved funds for the reconstruction of the Zhongshan Road National Goods Exhibition Hall in Changsha — which had been destroyed in the catastrophic Changsha Fire of 1938 — and by February 1940, 114 shops had reopened there. In March, he approved the "Eight Measures for the Construction of Sheds in Changsha," drafted by the Changsha Municipal Police Bureau, which relaxed housing regulations and helped address the severe shortage of accommodation for the city's residents, who had largely fled or been displaced during the fire and the Japanese offensive. One of the more creative initiatives of this period was the Ninth War Zone's order requiring all troops stationed in Hunan to cultivate a certain amount of farmland in their spare time, growing grain to supplement military rations. Local residents came to refer to the plots tended by soldiers as "soldier's fields" (bing tian). This policy served a dual purpose: it reduced the logistical burden of feeding the garrison forces from civilian stocks while keeping soldiers productively occupied during lulls in fighting. It also served to maintain a degree of goodwill between the military and the rural communities on which any prolonged resistance ultimately depended. One of the most consequential steps Xue Yue took to stabilize Hunan's governance was an aggressive campaign against corruption. On April 15, 1940, he ordered the execution of Tian Weizheng, the county magistrate of Changsha, and Wang Lun, the county magistrate of Xiangtan, both on charges of corruption and abuse of office. The proclamation accompanying the executions was blunt: "This serves as a warning against corruption and establishes the authority of the law in upholding discipline." The message was not lost on officials across the province. In the months that followed, a sweep of investigations led to the punishment of numerous corrupt officials and illegal businessmen. The effect on public confidence in the provincial government was significant. Citizens and soldiers alike perceived that there was now a leadership willing to hold its own accountable — a stark contrast to the corruption and self-dealing that had plagued Chinese provincial governance throughout the war. Xue was also attentive to the ideological dimension of the war effort. On May Fourth Youth Day — itself laden with nationalist significance, commemorating the great student movement of 1919 — Xue attended the provincial capital's sports meet and delivered a speech before thousands of young people entitled "Iron Youth, Iron Spirit, Sacred Labor, Sacred Survival." The speech was aimed at galvanizing the younger generation, connecting their personal futures to the fate of the nation and the resistance against Japan. That same month, in May 1940, the 110th executive meeting of the Hunan Provincial Government revised and approved the "Hunan Province County Heads Performance Evaluation Method," a document that formalized military service and support for the war effort as the primary criterion in the evaluation of local officials' political performance. Throughout 1940, the provincial government and the Ninth War Zone organized a series of training courses for officials, including courses specifically designed for guerrilla cadres, women cadres, and village chiefs — an indication that preparations for sustained, decentralized resistance were underway. Xue himself addressed the cadre training group with a speech on "The Conditions That a Well-Rounded Cadre Should Possess." By the end of 1940, after more than a year of sustained effort, Hunan had broadly recovered to the administrative and economic condition it had enjoyed before the Changsha Fire, when the reformist official Zhang Zhizhong had governed the province. Agriculture, industry, and commerce all showed measurable improvement over their wartime lows. The government's accounts for the year reflected growth across all sectors. This recovery was not merely statistical; it represented a genuine rebuilding of the province's capacity to sustain a prolonged defense. Soldiers were better fed and equipped, local officials were more disciplined, and the civilian population had a functioning, if still imperfect, relationship with the wartime state. Early in 1941, Xue Yue's reputation had grown to the point where local gentry and public figures jointly petitioned for a bustling street in Changsha to be named after his courtesy name — a mark of genuine popular esteem unusual for a military governor in wartime China. While Xue Yue was rebuilding Hunan, events at the geopolitical level were reshaping the strategic environment in ways that would directly precipitate the Second Battle of Changsha. On September 27, 1940, Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, formally joining the Axis powers. The pact alarmed the Western democracies and accelerated their support for China. On December 2, 1940, the United States Congress passed a bill approving a one-hundred-million-dollar loan to China. On December 10, 1940, Britain followed suit, approving a ten-million-pound loan. Both measures were explicitly understood — by all parties — as responses to Japanese expansion and Japan's recognition of Wang Jingwei's collaborationist puppet government in Nanjing. For the Japanese military leadership, these loans signaled that the international community was not prepared to accept Japan's fait accompli in China, and that the war of attrition against the Nationalist government could not be allowed to continue indefinitely. The imperative to resolve the "China Incident" — as Japanese officials euphemistically called the war — before the international situation deteriorated further became more urgent than ever. On January 16, 1941, the Japanese Army adopted the "Long-Term Operational Guidance Plan for China." The document acknowledged a painful internal contradiction: Japan could only sustain a protracted war in China, yet it simultaneously demanded a swift resolution to the conflict through strong military pressure. The plan's solution to this contradiction was to intensify operations while "taking note of the international situation" — meaning that military actions should be calibrated to avoid triggering direct American or British intervention. The plan called for large-scale offensive operations in the summer and autumn of 1941. The companion document, the "Annual Plan for Showa 16 (1941)," was more specific. It required Japanese troops stationed in China to conduct a major operation in the summer and autumn of that year with the aim of dealing a heavy blow to the main force of the "Whampoa Military Academy" — the term used by Japanese planners to describe the core of Chiang Kai-shek's professional officer corps, trained at the Whampoa (Huangpu) Military Academy and regarded as the backbone of the Nationalist army. The stated goal was to destroy the Chongqing government's will to continue resistance and thereby force a resolution to the China Incident. Xue Yue himself read translated summaries of both these documents when he traveled to Chongqing to report on his work in early 1941. He returned to Hunan in a reflective, and determined, frame of mind. For much of the period between the two Battles of Changsha, the Japanese Eleventh Army — the primary force facing Xue Yue's Ninth War Zone — had been commanded by General Yasuji Okamura, a seasoned officer with whom Xue had developed a degree of familiarity through combat. By early 1941, it became known that Okamura was to be transferred to the Military Advisory Council at Imperial General Headquarters in Tokyo — a prestigious but more removed role. Xue Yue reflected on this change with a mixture of relief and characteristic self-confidence, reasoning that whoever replaced Okamura would be a new adversary to be dealt with on the battlefield, and that there was no reason to lose to him regardless. Korechika Anami received his appointment as commander of the Eleventh Army on February 15, 1941. From the first day of his appointment, he carried a detailed battle map of the three provinces facing his command — Hunan, Hubei, and Jiangxi — along with comprehensive intelligence files on both sides' troop dispositions and strengths. He studied these materials constantly, on trains, in waiting rooms, wherever he had a free moment. By the time he formally took up his post on March 10, 1941, he already had a clear operational vision for the coming campaign. Before reaching the front, Anami stopped in Nanjing to meet with General Hata Shunroku, the Commander-in-Chief of the China Expeditionary Army. Hata had himself arrived in China in early 1941, having been summoned by the Emperor before his departure and entrusted with what the Emperor called the sacred mission of resolving the China Incident. The two men talked through the night, their conversation returning repeatedly to the planned summer-autumn offensive. Hata urged Anami to annihilate the main force of the Ninth War Zone in the area south of the Miluo River — to destroy, once and for all, the core of Chiang Kai-shek's best troops. "If this battle is fought well," Hata told him, "the entire war situation in China will undergo a huge change." Anami listened and agreed, though he had his own reasons to want the battle to go well. He had voluntarily relinquished the prominent position of Vice Minister of the Army at General Headquarters in Tokyo to take this field command — a significant personal sacrifice that reflected his deep desire for battlefield achievement. There was a personal dimension to Anami's motivations as well. His second son, a bright and lively boy to whom he was deeply attached, had died in combat in China. Anami carried a photograph of his son wherever he went, and had resolved to transform his grief into a consuming commitment to military excellence, whatever the human cost. At the Eleventh Army's headquarters in Yueyang, Anami found the war game board and operational plans that Okamura had left behind. He did not immediately begin issuing orders. Instead, for weeks he immersed himself in the problem, traveling between divisional headquarters and subordinate commands to gather ground-level perspectives, or sitting alone for hours before the great map, motionless and in deep concentration. His new chief of staff, Kinoshita Isamu, who had come from a divisional unit and was unfamiliar with his commander's temperament, could only keep silent company during these long sessions. When Anami eventually convened his headquarters personnel to explain his operational intentions, he made a pointed critique of the First Battle of Changsha. "The reason why the last battle in Changsha did not achieve great results," he said, "was that the troops were too dispersed and the main direction of attack was not highlighted, so they could not form a strong impact and lethality." He named the new operation "Operation Plus" — a deliberate contrast with what he saw as the subtracted, diluted efforts of the previous campaign. His concept was one of radical concentration: rather than dispersing the attack across multiple fronts in Hubei and Jiangxi while simultaneously advancing on Changsha, Anami proposed pulling the forces from southern Hubei and northern Jiangxi and massing them in front of northern Hunan. The effect on his staff officers when he demonstrated this redeployment on the map was electric; one of them involuntarily exclaimed aloud at the sudden clarity of the advantageous position that mass concentration would create. Anami's personality was, in the judgment of those who worked with him, fundamentally different from Okamura's. A commander's fighting style is shaped by his character, and Anami's character was defined by intensity, focus, and a willingness to commit fully. These traits would shape "Operation Plus" from conception to execution. On June 22, 1941, five and a half million German troops launched Operation Barbarossa — the largest military invasion in history — against the Soviet Union. The news reached the Japanese military establishment with a degree of surprise, since such a momentous operation should, under the terms of the Tripartite Pact, have been communicated in advance. Beyond the procedural slight, German strategists had placed themselves in the position of fighting a two-front war, something Japanese generals found strategically bewildering. The outbreak of the Soviet-German War forced a serious debate within the Japanese General Staff. One faction argued for a "northward advance" — seizing the opportunity to strike the Soviet Union from the east while its military was fully committed in the west. Another faction argued for a "southward advance" — moving into Southeast Asia and the Pacific to secure the oil and raw materials that Japan desperately needed. Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe adopted a wait-and-see compromise, authorizing secret preparations for war in the north known as Operation Kantokuen while continuing to monitor developments. Now it just so happens I released a Patreon/Youtube Members exclusive episode covering Operation Kantokuen the previous month. I highly recommend it, fascinating what if piece of history. For just a teaser I can briefly summarize it: Operation Kantokuen — officially designated "Kwantung Army Special Maneuvers" — was Japan's plan for a large-scale invasion of the Soviet Far East, developed in the summer of 1941 following Germany's launch of Operation Barbarossa. When news of the German invasion reached Tokyo, Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka and senior Kwantung Army officers argued Japan should abandon its neutrality pact with the USSR and strike in coordination with Germany. An Army-Navy compromise on June 24th allowed preparations to proceed so long as they did not interfere with Japan's concurrent southern ambitions. On July 5th, Matsuoka and Major General Shin'ichi Tanaka convinced War Minister Hideki Tojo to back a more ambitious scheme, and the two men then bypassed the War Ministry entirely, securing Emperor Hirohito's personal authorization. The plan was structured in two stages — a buildup and readiness phase followed by an offensive phase — during which the Kwantung Army would await an explicit order to attack. The Army General Staff calculated that any campaign had to conclude by mid-October before Siberian winter conditions made logistics impossible. Their ideal force requirement was 16 to 22 divisions supported by 800,000 tons of shipping, though this assumed the Soviets would first redeploy half their Far Eastern infantry and two-thirds of their armor westward against Germany. The planned order of battle ultimately settled on 24 divisions — 17 committed to the eastern front and 5 concentrated near Mutanchiang. The opening blow was designed to fall on the Primorye (Maritime Province) front. The 1st Area Army, commanding the 3rd and 20th Armies along with elements of the Korea Army, would cross the border south of Lake Khanka to shatter Soviet defensive lines and menace Vladivostok. Simultaneously, the 5th Army would strike south of Iman to cut the Trans-Siberian Railway and isolate the Maritime Province from northern reinforcements. In the north, the 4th Army would hold the Amur River line before pivoting to attack Blagoveshchensk, while two additional reinforced divisions would invade Northern Sakhalin in a land-and-sea pincer. A second phase envisioned capturing Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk, and Sovetskaya Gavan, with amphibious operations considered against Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and Kamchatka itself. The operation was to be supported by a massive air assault — between 1,800 and 2,700 aircraft combining Army and Navy aviation — aimed at annihilating the Soviet Far East Air Force in the opening hours, after which Japanese air power would shift to tactical ground support and interdiction of Soviet supply lines. Armored assets included roughly 800–900 tanks, mostly Type 97 Chi-Has and Type 95 Ha-Gos. Kantokuen was also allocated chemical weapons stockpiled in Manchuria and biological agents produced by Unit 731, intended for deployment against Soviet rear areas and supply lines. Despite the scale of planning, the operation was already fatally compromised before it could be launched. Japan's industry and logistics could not sustain a two-front war while remaining bogged down in China. On August 1st, 1941, the United States enacted a total oil embargo that cut off 80% of Japan's fuel supply, and the Dutch East Indies followed. With oil reserves sufficient for only 12–18 months of peacetime consumption, a Siberian offensive that would consume an estimated one to two million barrels per month was no longer tenable. By August 9th, the Army General Staff conceded that seizing the oil-rich territories of Southeast Asia was the overriding strategic priority. The Kantokuen buildup was formally terminated, and Japan turned south — setting the course toward Pearl Harbor and the Pacific War. Now Kantokuen held some practical consequences for the China Expeditionary Army was disruptive. Serious consideration was given to redeploying units of the Eleventh Army away from their positions facing Hunan and northward toward Manchuria, in anticipation of a possible war with the Soviet Union. This threatened to derail Anami's planning entirely. The cloud of uncertainty hung over the Changsha operation for several weeks. Despite the disruption, Anami refused to let the operation be indefinitely deferred. On June 24, 1941 — just two days after Barbarossa began — he formally approved the operational guidance outline for the Changsha offensive and set a planned launch date of September 15. This was an act of deliberate institutional pressure: by formalizing the plan so quickly in the wake of Barbarossa, Anami made it harder for higher authorities to redirect his forces northward without explicitly cancelling a plan already in motion. The gamble worked. The northward deployment option was ultimately shelved, and the Eleventh Army remained in place to conduct its summer-autumn offensive. While Anami and his staff at Yueyang bent over their map of Hunan, so too did Xue Yue and his staff at Changsha. Two nearly identical colored military maps were laid out on large tables in two different command centers — one in Chinese, one in Japanese — showing the same terrain of Hunan, southern Hubei, and western Jiangxi. The Xiang River appeared on both as a green ribbon; Dongting Lake as a blue maple leaf. For those responsible for commanding the impending battle, the war game was the battle, played out in simulation before blood was shed. Xue Yue, his Chief of Staff Wu Yizhi, Chief of Staff Zhao Zili, and the intelligence and operations officers of the Ninth War Zone Command engaged in extensive map exercises throughout the summer of 1941. Wargaming pieces bearing unit designations moved across the terrain as staff officers reported troop strengths, timings, and geographic objectives. The summer heat was intense, and there was nowhere cool in Changsha; Xue and his staff worked in the heat, sweating heavily as they played out scenario after scenario. It was during these sessions that Xue came to believe he had grasped the essential shape of the Japanese plan. Reasoning from the known Japanese strategic posture and the pattern of the first battle, he concluded that the enemy would again advance roughly the same way. His counter-strategy was as follows: in northern Jiangxi and southern Hubei, the war zone would launch pincer attacks on Japanese forces that were not part of the main offensive, targeting the area north of Chongren and Xingan, east of Yichun, Wanzai, Tonggu, and Xiushui, to defeat them in detail. In northern Hunan — the main theater — the war zone would deliberately allow the Japanese to advance, luring their main force south of the Miluo River into the area north of Jinjing, Fulinpu, and Sanjieqiao, and then launch a devastating counterattack to encircle and annihilate them. After a successful counterattack, Xue imagined pursuing the broken Japanese forces all the way back to Yueyang, and beyond — even, in his more expansive moments, recapturing the great cities of Jiujiang and Wuhan, lost in 1938. This was the "lure and annihilate" strategy, and it was not merely a hope — it was the formal operational order issued to the forces of the Ninth War Zone. In August 1941, the Ninth Military Front officially assessed that Japan intended to capture Changsha and obtain supplies, and the lure-and-annihilate plan was formalized accordingly. What Xue Yue did not know — and could not know through his intelligence network alone — was that Anami's operational philosophy was fundamentally different from Okamura's. The critical assumption underlying the lure-and-annihilate plan was that the Japanese would attack in roughly the same dispersed, multi-front pattern as the first battle. Anami's "Operation Plus" invalidated this assumption entirely. By concentrating his forces in front of northern Hunan rather than dispersing them, Anami would strike with an impact Xue's cordon defenses were not designed to absorb. Xue was, unknowingly, planning to fight a replay of the first battle against an opponent who had studied that first battle as a case study in what not to do. Despite this fundamental intelligence gap, the Chinese were not without information. From mid-August 1941 onward, residents of mountain villages and riverside communities in northern Jiangxi and southern Hubei began reporting unusual nighttime activity. Faint sounds of motor engines and the footsteps of large columns moving on main roads were heard after dark. On moonlit nights, fleets of motorboats were seen moving without lights on the rivers, visible only as dark shadows on the water. The local population was puzzled and unsettled: what kind of unit was this, and what were they doing? The answer was that Anami's forces were conducting their pre-offensive assembly under cover of darkness and strict light discipline, moving four divisions totaling approximately 120,000 troops into position for the attack on Hunan. Military and civilian intelligence agents operating in these areas crouched in the bushes, enduring insect bites through long nights, watching and recording everything they witnessed. The information was relayed by human chain, passed from one agent to another across a network stretching back to Changsha, until it was collated and placed on Xue Yue's desk by staff officers from the Ninth War Zone Command's Intelligence Department. Xue studied the reports carefully, comparing them against his map. The evidence of a large Japanese build-up in northern Hunan was unambiguous. But Xue was suspicious of its implications. "Mobilize troops? All the troops are moved to northern Hunan. What about Tongcheng? What about Yueyang? Impossible! Feint? What does that mean? You want me to concentrate my troops in northern Hunan so you can attack from both sides?" His staff officers were similarly uncertain how to read the intelligence. The scale of the Japanese concentration defied the pattern of previous operations, and Xue's trained instincts — calibrated against years of dealing with Okamura — led him to doubt what his intelligence was plainly showing. He concluded, without firm evidence, that the concentration must be a feint or a deception. On August 26, 1941, Imperial General Headquarters in Tokyo issued Mainland Order No. 538, which authorized the Commander-in-Chief of the China Expeditionary Army to "temporarily conduct operations beyond the designated operational area in Central China during the summer and autumn." This order provided the formal imperial sanction for the Changsha offensive, lifting any remaining bureaucratic constraints on Anami's operational plan. It represented the final piece of institutional authorization, completing a chain that stretched from Anami's June 24 approval of the operational outline through Hata's advocacy at the China Expeditionary Army level to the formal imprimatur of the Imperial General Headquarters. With Mainland Order No. 538 in hand, the Eleventh Army's final preparations could proceed without ambiguity. The original planned launch date of September 15 would in practice be moved forward, with combat beginning on September 7 — itself a date chosen partly to maximize the advantage of late-summer weather conditions in the Hunan river-crossing terrain. By the time Anami's forces were assembled, the operational force was formidable. Estimating that the enemy facing them comprised fifteen divisions from the Chinese 4th, 37th, 99th, 74th, and 26th Corps, Japanese planners calculated — somewhat optimistically — that two infantry battalions would suffice to handle one enemy division. To provide a margin for error and to ensure decisive striking power, the Eleventh Army committed forty-one infantry battalions distributed across four full divisions and three specialized task forces, supported by twenty-nine artillery battalions. This represented a massive concentration of firepower and manpower along a relatively narrow axis of advance, precisely as Anami had intended. The objective was clearly stated: "to deal a major blow to the Ninth Military Front in order to thwart the enemy's plan for resistance." Japanese senior leadership reiterated at every briefing that the mission was emphatically not territorial — the army was not to occupy Changsha or secure it for long-term administration, and it was not to forage for supplies. The goal was destruction of Chinese combat power. On the Chinese side, the Ninth Military Front had not been idle. Since the Battle of Shanggao in March 1941 — a significant Chinese defensive victory in Jiangxi that had inflicted heavy casualties on Japanese forces attempting to advance into the province — the Ninth Military Front had ordered its troops to cooperate with guerrilla units operating in the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi border region, conducting harassment operations against Japanese logistics and communications. This cooperation served both to maintain offensive pressure and to train the irregular forces that would prove invaluable in a war of attrition. By August 1941, Xue Yue had assembled a force of thirty-five divisions organized into thirteen armies across three army groups, totaling 378,307 troops. The headquarters of the Ninth Military Front remained in Changsha. Xue had also assessed his forces' combat readiness with some confidence: in the summer of 1940, the Ninth War Zone had dispatched one corps from each army group and one division from each corps on summer offensive operations against Japanese positions, explicitly testing their readiness in real combat. Although no major victories had been achieved in those operations, the exercise confirmed that troop morale was high and that combat effectiveness had recovered to the level of the First Battle of Changsha. If anything, Xue thought, after another full year of training, they should be better. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Operation Plus, emphasized concentrating forces and creating a decisive breakthrough rather than dispersing attacks across multiple fronts like in earlier battles. On the Chinese side, commander Xue Yue developed a "lure and annihilate" strategy, expecting the Japanese to fight like before; however, Anami's concentrated approach undermined these assumptions, making a Chinese counteroffensive far harder to execute.

Jon Wilner of The San Jose Mercury News and Wilner Hotline joins Dave Softy Mahler and Dick Fain to talk about the new college sports 5 in 5 rule where athletes simply get five years to play, and the dynamics within that change, plus the NFL not having a 2026 Supplemental Draft which leaves Brendan Sorsby without any options, and Army-Navy.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Mobile Riverine Force became one of the most unique—and highly decorated—joint Army-Navy fighting forces of the Vietnam War, conducting operations deep in the Mekong Delta. Hear from Jeff and Shannon Arballo, the husband-and-wife team behind The Mobile Riverine Force documentary, on the latest podcast.

Watch the show on television by downloading the e360tv channel app to your Roku, LG or AmazonFireTV. You can also see it on YouTube.Devin: What is your superpower?Pāj: I know how to see something and see all the intricacies of what it'll take for me to get there.Storytelling has the power to inspire change, and filmmaker A. Pāj Turner is proving just that. Driven by his own experiences and a desire to uplift underserved communities, Pāj is crafting a cinematic world that goes beyond entertainment. His film project, The Emancipation of Limits, tells a powerful, multifaceted story deeply rooted in personal experience.The idea for the project originated during the pandemic, when Pāj wrote a novel of the same title in just four months. He described the film as an evolution of his book that interweaves themes of resilience, crime, and hope. With a military background spanning 28 years, Pāj explained that the protagonist's story reflects elements of his own life, particularly his commitment to community building and his desire to recreate Black Wall Street.“I wanted to create something that had more of a story than just one person getting rich,” Pāj shared. “This character gives his profits to his community to rebuild, to create jobs and opportunity—ultimately to restore Black Wall Street.”What started as a book evolved into a concept film after a trailer of the novel garnered over 400,000 views on Facebook. Encouraged by this response, Pāj learned screenwriting, took acting classes, and collaborated with other creatives to bring his vision to life.This story is not only compelling but timely. Through regulated crowdfunding, Pāj has chosen to retain ownership of his intellectual property while creating opportunities for the community to directly invest in and benefit from the project. “Crowdfunding is a great way to keep hold of your intellectual property while also benefiting the people you aim to serve,” he explained.With The Emancipation of Limits, Pāj combines his creativity, military precision, and unwavering commitment to purpose. He's made it possible for anyone to join his journey by investing in the film via a crowdfunding platform.By supporting this project, investors have the unique opportunity to not only fund a meaningful artistic endeavor but also to be part of a movement that amplifies historically underrepresented perspectives and builds cultural and economic momentum.tl;dr:Military veteran A. Pāj Turner shares his journey from service to filmmaker, blending strategy and creativity.His film, The Emancipation of Limits, explores themes of crime, community, and rebuilding Black Wall Street.Pāj is raising funds via regulated crowdfunding on CineBlock Films to retain ownership and empower supporters.Drawing from personal experiences, the film authentically reflects his life and military accomplishments.Pāj credits his success to “strategic vision” and encourages pursuing one's purpose with full commitment.How to Develop Strategic Vision As a SuperpowerPāj's military career provided him with a keen ability to see the path to success clearly. He described his superpower as “strategic vision,” an innate capability to identify goals and map out precise steps to achieve them. “I know how to see something and see all the intricacies of what it'll take for me to get there,” he explained. Combined with his creativity, this enables him to transform ideas into reality, as he demonstrated with his ongoing film project, The Emancipation of Limits. For Pāj, strategic vision is intertwined with a deep sense of purpose.Pāj recounted his time in Belize, where he worked to support the Belizean forces in drug interdiction operations. During one mission, his team coordinated efforts to intercept a drug boat under the cover of darkness, based entirely on strategic intelligence received from the Pentagon. Though Pāj, as a U.S. service member, could not directly engage in the local Belizean tactics, his role in planning and enabling the mission informed the palpable sense of strategy depicted in his film, which prominently features elements of this real experience.Tips for Developing This Superpower:Discover Your Purpose: Reflect on your passions and align your actions with your broader life goals.Plan with Clarity: Write down goals and systematically outline steps to accomplish them.Combine Action with Adaptability: Once you commit, pursue your vision without hesitation, but stay flexible in execution.Draw from Experience: Use personal stories and professional expertise as inspiration for your creative endeavors.Commit Fully: Pāj advises, “You have to be 110% in it, or it's not going to come out like you expect.”By following Pāj's example and advice, you can make strategic vision a skill. With practice and effort, you could make it a superpower that enables you to do more good in the world.Remember, however, that research into success suggests that building on your own superpowers is more important than creating new ones or overcoming weaknesses. You do you!Guest ProfileA. Pāj Turner (he/him):CEO, A. Pāj Turnervision LLCAbout A. Pāj Turnervision LLC: A. Pāj TurnerVision is a bold independent production company founded by Army/Navy veteran, filmmaker, author, and creative visionary A. Pāj Turner, dedicated to developing powerful, culturally driven stories that merge cinematic entertainment with social impact. Through original intellectual properties like The Emancipation of Limits, the company focuses on elevated storytelling centered on ownership, empowerment, resilience, and rebuilding underserved communities through film, television, literature, and digital media. Blending military discipline, urban authenticity, and visionary filmmaking, A. Pāj Turner Vision aims to create globally impactful content while championing independent Black creators, generational wealth through IP ownership, and transformative narratives that inspire audiences worldwide.Website: apajturner.comWatch the trailer: youtube.com/watch?v=shWudtf5CC4Other URL: app.cineblockfilms.com/campaigns/8614d8db-41d2-4a15-8d36-572038492c18Biographical Information: A. Pāj TurnerVision founder A. Pāj Turner is a filmmaker, author, actor, producer, and retired U.S. Army Chief Warrant Officer 5 whose career spans nearly three decades of military leadership, national defense operations, and creative storytelling. A Chicago native and veteran of both the U.S. Army and Navy, Turner made history as the first African American to achieve the rank of CW5 in the U.S. Army Transportation Corps since its establishment in 1942. Throughout his military career, he served in high-level roles supporting SOCOM, DIA, CYBERCOM, and the Joint Service Provider before transitioning his leadership experience into film and television development. Known to many audiences for his appearances as “Deuce” in Kountry Wayne skits and many independent films, Turner is also the creator of The Emancipation of Limits, a bold multimedia franchise centered on ownership, empowerment, and rebuilding communities through independent storytelling. Through his company, A. Pāj Turner Vision, he is committed to creating culturally impactful films, television, and literary projects that merge entertainment with legacy-building and social transformation.LinkedIn Profile: linkedin.com/in/richard-turner-959231157Personal Facebook Profile: facebook.com/profile.php?id=100069089032471Support Our SponsorsOur generous sponsors make our work possible, serving impact investors, social entrepreneurs, community builders and diverse founders. Today's advertisers include Kaylaan, High Desert Gear and Climatize. Learn more about advertising with us here.Max-Impact Members(We're grateful for every one of these community champions who make this work possible.)Brian Christie, Brainsy | Cameron Neil, Lend For Good | Carol Fineagan, Independent Consultant | Hiten Sonpal, RISE Robotics | John Berlet, CORE Tax Deeds, LLC. | Justin Starbird, The Aebli Group | Lory Moore, Lory Moore Law | Marcia Brinton, High Desert Gear | Mark Grimes, Networked Enterprise Development | Matthew Mead, Hempitecture | Michael Pratt, Qnetic | Mike Babbit | Coledger Solutions | Mike Green, Envirosult | Nick Degnan, Unlimit Ventures | Dr. Nicole Paulk, Siren Biotechnology | Paul Lovejoy, Stakeholder Enterprise | Pearl Wright, Global Changemaker | Scott Thorpe, Philanthropist | Sharon Samjitsingh, Health Care Originals | Add Your Name HereUpcoming SuperCrowd Event CalendarIf a location is not noted, the events below are virtual.Join the SuperCrowd Impact League! You can be recognized for making impact investments via Reg CF. See how your activity compares to your peers. It's free. Win valuable prizes. Start now!Watch the Superpowers for Good Live Pitch event featuring visionary founders Carole Spangler Vaughn of Eisana Health, Mark Collins of Emission Free Generators, Daniel Oliver of Rejuvenate Bio, and Diana Tucker of SenoGuard as they present breakthrough innovations in cancer care, clean energy, gene therapy, and healthcare access. Broadcast live on Roku, Amazon Fire TV and LG Smart TV devices via e360tv, LinkedIn, YouTube, and Facebook. Join investors, founders, and changemakers for an interactive experience where you can watch the pitches live, ask questions, vote for your favorite companies, and participate in the Private Investor Session immediately following the show to engage directly with founders and explore investment opportunities. Don't miss this inspiring live event showcasing mission-driven companies creating real-world impact and shaping the future of healthcare, biotechnology, and sustainable energy. Reserve your spot today!SuperCrowd Impact Member Networking Session: Impact (and, of course, Max-Impact) Members of the SuperCrowd are invited to a private networking session on June 9th at 8:00 PM ET/5:00 PM PT. Mark your calendar. We'll send private emails to Impact Members with registration details. Upgrade to Impact Membership today!Devin Thorpe will lead SuperCrowdHour on June 17, 2026, at 12:00 PM Eastern. In this insightful session, “How to Benchmark Your Impact Crowdfunding Portfolio v. the Stock Market,” Devin will explore how impact investors can evaluate the performance of their regulated investment crowdfunding portfolios alongside traditional stock market benchmarks. Drawing on his experience as a former investment banker, impact investor, and crowdfunding advocate, he will break down practical methods for measuring returns, assessing risk, and understanding the broader value created through impact investing. Attendees will gain a clearer understanding of how private impact investments compare with public market performance, what metrics matter most, and how to build a more informed long-term investment strategy. Whether you're an experienced impact investor or just beginning to build your crowdfunding portfolio, this SuperCrowdHour will provide valuable insights to help you evaluate both financial and social returns with greater confidence and clarity.SuperCrowd26 featuring PurposeBuilt100™: This August 25–27, founders, investors, and ecosystem leaders will gather for a three-day, broadcast-quality global experience focused on disciplined capital formation, regulated investment crowdfunding, and purpose-driven growth. We're bringing together leading voices in impact investing, compliance, digital marketing, and circular economy innovation to deliver practical frameworks, real-world case studies, and actionable strategies. The event culminates in the PurposeBuilt100™ Showcase, recognizing 100 of the fastest-growing purpose-driven companies in the U.S. Register now to secure your seat and get all the details. August 25–27, streaming worldwide.Share the application for the PurposeBuilt100™: Purpose-driven founders deserve recognition. The PurposeBuilt100™ application window is now open—celebrating the fastest-growing companies building profit with purpose. If you know a founder creating real impact and real growth, please share this opportunity. Applications are free and confidential. Explore the program and apply today: PurposeBuilt100.com.Community Event CalendarSuccessful Funding with Karl Dakin, Tuesdays at 10:00 AM ET - Click on Events.Join Tampa Bay Innovation and Menlo Park Patents for the Q2 Pitch Showcase, a live gathering for founders, inventors, investors, and startup supporters. Watch selected entrepreneurs pitch bold ideas, network with the innovation community, and see winners earn valuable prizes, including patent, valuation, and investor-meeting opportunities in St. Petersburg, Florida.Register Now! October 20th and 21st will be the Crowdfunding Professional Association Regulated Investment Crowdfunding Summit for 2026. 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The focal point of this podcast episode is the historical significance of the Army-Navy football rivalry, particularly highlighting the events surrounding the 1905 game. We delve into the negotiations that transpired between the athletic directors of Army and Navy, Bull Halsey and Palmer E. Pierce, and the University of Pennsylvania, which hosted the game. The episode elucidates how ticket distribution conflicts led to the relocation of the game to Princeton and the subsequent logistical challenges that arose. Furthermore, we explore the profound impact both Halsey and Pierce had on the evolution of college football, particularly in relation to the establishment of the NCAA. Through this narrative, we bring to light the often-overlooked figures who played pivotal roles in shaping football history.Today's conversation stems from one of Tim's Tidbits titled: Bull Halsey, Palmer E. Pierce, and the 1905 Army-Navy Game - https://www.footballarchaeology.com/p/bull-halsey-palmer-e-pierce-and-the⏰ Timecodes ⏰00:00 Welcome to the Pig Pen01:54 The Army-Navy Rivalry: Origins and Early Years07:32 The Evolution of Stadium Design11:05 The Evolution of NCAA and Football Governance13:23 Exploring Football ArchaeologyDon't forget to check out and subscribe to the Pigskin Dispatch YouTube channel for additional content and the regular Football History Minute Shorts.Miss our football by the day of the year podcasts, well, don't, because they can still be found at the Pigskin Dispatch website. Do you want more football history? Test your Gridiron Knowledge, we feed you Daily with our new FREE activity, The Pigskin Trivia Drive.Grab a copy of our latest book, "Marooned," on the 1925 Pottsville Maroons NFL franchise saga.*OR* Grab a copy of our book on Western Pennsylvania football history, "World's Greatest Gridiron Team" on the 1903 Franklin All-StarsDrop us a line at PigskinDispatch@gmail .com and check out and subscribe to the Pigskin Dispatch YouTube channel.Contact us directly at PigskinDispatch@Gmail.comMiss our football by the day of the year podcasts, well, don't because they can still be found at the Pigskin Dispatch website. The discourse presented delves into the historical tapestry of American football, specifically illuminating the significant rivalry between the Army and Navy football teams. The narrative commences with a reflection on the origins of this storied competition, tracing its inception back to 1890 when the two academies first clashed on the gridiron. The episode intricately explores the evolution of the Army-Navy game, emphasizing its transition from West Point and Annapolis to its eventual establishment in Philadelphia's Franklin Field, a venue that became synonymous with this prestigious match-up. As the rivalry burgeoned, the implications of ticket distribution emerged as a pivotal theme, underscoring the political and social dynamics that surrounded the event. Notably, the episode highlights the contentious negotiations that transpired between the organizers and the University of Pennsylvania, which had hosted the game but faced challenges in accommodating the increasing demand for tickets from influential stakeholders. The narrative crescendos as it recounts the 1905 game relocating to Princeton, an event that, while significant, ultimately faced its own logistical hurdles, thus underscoring the complexities involved in staging such a monumental sporting event. Furthermore, the conversation transitions into the lives of two central figures in this historical narrative: Bull Halsey and Palmer E. Pierce. Halsey, who would later ascend to prominence as a fleet admiral during World War II, serves as a representative of the Navy's athletic department during this pivotal juncture. In parallel, Pierce's role as the Army's athletic director is explored, revealing his influence in the early governance of college football, particularly through his involvement with the nascent NCAA. The episode posits that while these figures may not be household names today, their contributions to the sport and the organizational frameworks that govern it were foundational to the development of American football as we know it. Thus, the episode not only chronicles a significant rivalry but also encapsulates the intertwined destinies of key individuals whose legacies continue to resonate within the fabric of football history.

Hour 3 of May 12, 2026 Jacob Townsend and Bud talk about a crazy coffee order in Bud's past. Then, they discuss a comment from the Navy athletic director this week and the future scheduling of the Army/Navy game. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this edition of the Peristyle Podcast hosts Ryan Abraham, RJ Abeytia and intern India Otto are back in studio discussing the latest news and notes around the USC football program and college football in general. With spring football in the rearview mirror we are keeping tabs on how the Trojans are navigating the off-season and how the sport we all love makes tweaks to the rules and post-season. Last week the American Football Coaches Association voted to expand the college football playoffs along with a few other modifications to the college football calendar. Their proposal would double the size of the CFP bracket from 12 to 24 teams and eliminate the conference championship games. It would also condense the regular season with only one bye week, preserve the Army/Navy game and make sure the season ends by the second week in January. The crew also talks about former USC head coach Pete Carroll coaching in the Polynesian Bowl against former Texas head coach Mack Brown, the "five to play five" proposal in college football, expanding the NCAA basketball tournament to 76 teams and former Trojan safety Will Harris getting promoted in Miami to the secondary coach and passing game coordinator. Please review, rate and subscribe to the Peristyle Podcast on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Apple Podcasts⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠! Make sure you check out ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠USCFootball.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for complete coverage of this USC Trojan football team.  To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Tough to find a lede today. Toronto snatching the number one pick in the NHL Draft. Straight buns. This is a little bit edgier than I thought. Squiggy or something. Software issues. Gary, Indiana. Who planted the glossy? McGreevy practically begging to come on the show. Discos and night clubs. Normandie coming along nicely. Martin lead with the rain out on the 2Fox.Proposed changes to the college football calendar. The end of Conference Championship games? Changes to minimum number of days in between games. The Army/Navy game.It's a Brian McKnight kinda day. You ever walked thru a cornfield? Audio of a little OHL grandma moment. No one cares, work harder. The sun always shines on The Dotem.Joined by Cardinal pitcher and friend of the show, Michael McGreevy. Not happy after he didn't get the invite after six shutout innings against the Dodgers on Saturday. Happy with the result but didn't love the process. Impressed by the crowds at Busch over the weekend and on Monday against the Brewers. The difference between last year and this year. Steak and PGA 2K25. A family full of lawyers and judges. Two-part questions from the audience. McGreevy's a navy cap advocate. McGreevy gets to hear Navy Caps On The Road for the first time.What are the odds that McGreevy plays NCOTR in the clubhouse? Jeremy Rutherford joining us in studio. How 'bout those lottery balls, JR? JR taking some two-part questions from the audience. Favorite cuts of meat. Water towers. Any Binnington rumblings?Navy Caps On The Road is in Michael McGreevy's Possession. We'll have to wait and see if it makes its way into the clubhouse. No lineup for the infidelity special just yet. Audio of Mark DeRosa singing JJ Wetherholt's praises. YouTube is back!When did Mary J. Blige's 'Real Love' come out? US Open Qualifier yesterday. Reliving The Miracle at Meadowbrook from a few years ago. Banana daiquiris.The Cardinal lineup is out but more importantly this is Soul For Real. Doug, you wanna play The Kissing Game? The Design Aire Heating & Cooling EMOTDDoug gets the Antonio Brown great teammate award. Forgot to get McGreevy's take on the ABS system. Audio of Jeff Passan talking about the new ABS system in Major League Baseball. Joined by St. Louisan Chris Naegel talking about attempting to qualify for the US Open. Has he recovered from taking the L against TMA a few years ago? Is there a rematch on the horizon? Not playing as much golf as he was a few years ago. Getting Chris's thought on wether TMA could beat Scottie Scheffler.I didn't know this was a GOLF PODCAST!!! Is golf a sport? Are NASCAR drivers and racehorses athletes? The 618 has been activated. Jackson likes a hatchback. Doug's glutes need activating. Bar Mitzvahs at VFW Halls.A fruitful cuck. The sport or not debate is still raging. The Lemay Decathlon. Jeff Passan discussing whether or not MLB umpires are in favor of ABS.And the winner of the Design Aire Heating & Cooling EMOTD is...See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

(00:00-32:01) Tough to find a lede today. Toronto snatching the number one pick in the NHL Draft. Straight buns. This is a little bit edgier than I thought. Squiggy or something. Software issues. Gary, Indiana. Who planted the glossy? McGreevy practically begging to come on the show. Discos and night clubs. Normandie coming along nicely. Martin lead with the rain out on the 2Fox.(32:09-43:32) Proposed changes to the college football calendar. The end of Conference Championship games? Changes to minimum number of days in between games. The Army/Navy game.(43:42-51:58) It's a Brian McKnight kinda day. You ever walked thru a cornfield? Audio of a little OHL grandma moment. No one cares, work harder. The sun always shines on The Dotem.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Last time we spoke about the first battle of Changsha. Japanese forces under General Okamura Yasuji, including the 6th, 13th, and 33rd Divisions, launched a multi-pronged offensive, crossing the Xin Qiang River and capturing Yingtian amid brutal fighting. Chinese defenses, commanded by Xue Yue in the Ninth War Zone, employed gradual resistance strategies, with units like the 195th Division under Qin Yizhi holding key positions such as Bijia Mountain and Fulinpu, inflicting heavy losses. Battalion Commander Luo Wenlang recaptured Dongtang in a midnight assault, grieving his fallen brother amid Mid-Autumn moonlight. Chiang Kai-shek, from Chongqing, oversaw operations while hosting a festive banquet, buoyed by international support like U.S. loans. By October, Japanese advances stalled; Okamura ordered a retreat on October 2, exposed by a downed plane yielding critical documents. Chinese forces pursued, reclaiming lines by October 8, annihilating over half the invaders per Chiang's commendation.   #198 The Battle of South Guangxi Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. In January 1939, the Japanese General Headquarters, responding to naval needs, ordered the 21st Corps to seize Hainan Island. The goal was to establish a base for air operations against southwestern China and to enforce blockade measures. Supported by the Japanese Navy, the Corps deployed the Taiwan Brigade, which landed at Haikou on February 10. After initial defeats, Chinese peace preservation units withdrew to the island's interior and conducted harassment operations. Japanese troops soon occupied northern counties including Qiongshan, Wenchang, Ding'an, Qionghai, and Chengmai, followed by the port of Yulin, which positioned them for southward advances toward Guangxi.   This invasion was part of a broader strategy to disrupt Chinese supply lines and secure a foothold in southern China. Although Chinese resistance on Hainan ultimately failed to repel the invaders, it highlighted the resilience that would define regional fighting.   After the costly Battle of Wuhan, the Sino-Japanese War reached a stalemate in central China, despite ongoing large-scale conflicts and Japanese strategic bombings that caused heavy casualties without breaking the deadlock. Politically, Japan's alignment with the Axis powers and the start of World War II in Western Europe led European nations to bolster ties with China. With major coastal ports under Japanese control, the Nationalist government's main overseas supply route became the Haiphong-Kunming railway in French Indochina, which transported four times more war materials in 1938 than in 1937, including heavy equipment purchased abroad.   The Hainan occupation negatively impacted Japan's war efforts, though diplomatic pressure on Britain and France proved ineffective. Meanwhile, the Imperial Japanese Navy proposed a southward advance: invading from Nanning to Longzhou County in Guangxi by sea to establish an airfield for strategic bombing. An April 15, 1939, Navy Department assessment deemed large-scale inland army operations challenging, recommending instead that the army and navy collaborate to occupy Shantou—the largest trading port on the South China coast—before pushing into Guangxi to seize Nanning and sever China's vital Indochina supply line.   In June, the Japanese General Staff's "Military Geography" emphasized that occupying Nanning would provide convenient transportation in all directions, reaching Guangdong, Hunan, Guizhou, and Yunnan. The Nanning-Lang Son road had become a major artery for Chiang Kai-shek's regime to connect with the southwest. To cut it off directly, Nanning must be captured first. Once occupied, heavy troops near Tokyo Bay would not be needed to achieve the operation's purpose. This idea gained considerable support both politically and tactically. The Army's northward policy had been defeated by the Soviet Union in the Battle of Khalkhin Gol in September 1939. Major General Tominaga Kyoji, the newly appointed head of the First Department of the General Staff, sought to avoid further embarrassments. Supporting the proposal involved transferring the 5th Division of the Kwantung Army, originally intended for Khalkhin Gol, to the south. This prevented front-line units from misjudging higher-ups' positions and allowed implementation without affecting existing troops.   In September, the European war broke out. The Japanese General Headquarters ordered the 21st Army to capture the vicinity of Nanning, cut off the international passage between Guangxi and Vietnam, and obtain a base for air operations in southwest China. Japan aimed to completely sever China's most important supply route. According to Japanese intelligence, the French Indochina line accounted for 85% of China's foreign aid in late 1939, with 12,500 tons transported in September alone.   On September 1, 1939, Germany attacked Poland; on September 3, Britain and France declared war on Germany, igniting World War II. Japan, eager to resolve the China issue and free up troops to seize Western colonies in Asia and the Pacific, stated through Prime Minister Nobuyuki Abe on September 4: "At the outbreak of the European war, the Empire will not intervene and has decided to focus on resolving the China Incident." In Nanjing, the China Expeditionary Army Headquarters was established, with General Nishio Hisazo as Commander-in-Chief and Lieutenant General Itagaki Seishiro as Chief of Staff, overseeing the North China Area Army, the 11th Army, the 13th Army, and the 21st Army.   On September 23, the Japanese General Headquarters issued an order to prepare for a swift response to the China Incident. On October 16, "Continental Order No. 375" directed the Commander-in-Chief of the China Expeditionary Army to swiftly cut off enemy supply routes from Nanning to Longzhou with a portion of the navy. Also on October 16, "Continental Order No. 582," a central Army-Navy agreement, aimed to cut off enemy routes along the Nanning-Longzhou line and strengthen naval air operations against the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway and the Burma Road. The operation was scheduled for mid-November. On October 19, Nishio Juzo issued orders for the Guangxi operation, involving the 5th Division, Taiwan Mixed Brigade, supporting units, the 5th Fleet (renamed the 2nd Expeditionary Fleet in mid-November), and the 3rd Combined Naval Air Group. Total strength: about 30,000 men, over 70 warships, 2 aircraft carriers, and about 100 aircraft. Tominaga Kyoji announced: "This is the last battle of the China Incident."   Politically, the Guangxi Army was a key pillar of the National Government after retreating to Sichuan. Attacking Guangxi could impact the Guangxi clique's stance on continuing the war. Cutting off the Nanning-Longzhou line would affect Vietnam-China transportation security and allow actions against French Indochina amid Europe's distractions. With tactical and political alignment, the plan was approved.   In September 1939, the Chinese repelled the Japanese attack on Changsha. In October, the National Government held the Second Nanyue Military Conference in Hengshan, summarizing the First Changsha Campaign and deciding on a new offensive. On October 29, Chiang Kai-shek announced: "Our future strategic application and the mentality of officers and soldiers must be completely transformed. We must start to turn defense into offense, turn stillness into movement, and actively take offensive measures." On November 5, after the meeting, intelligence indicated Japan's intention to invade the south. U.S. and British agencies reported the Japanese fleet gathering in Tokyo Bay, signaling an imminent operation against Nanning. Chiang flew from Hengshan to Guilin to arrange defenses.   At this time, coastal defense was guarded by the 16th Army Group under Xia Wei (transferred, with Cai Tingkai taking over), a Guangxi clique force comprising the 46th and 31st Armies. Bai Chongxi, director of the Guilin Headquarters, was in Chongqing for the Sixth Plenary Session of the Fifth National Congress of the Kuomintang, while Chief of Staff Lin Wei was in Rong County mourning Xia Wei's mother. The headquarters was essentially deserted. Zhang Fakui, commander of the Fourth War Zone, and Chief of Staff Wu Shiyuan were in Shaoguan, Guangdong. The three-tiered command structure—headquarters, war zone, army group—was practically non-existent.   The Chinese forces north of the pass were commanded by Bai Chongxi's Guilin Headquarters, with Lin Wei as Chief of Staff; they included the Fourth War Zone under Zhang Fakui and the 16th Army Group under Xia Wei. They commanded: the 31st Army (Commander Wei Yunsong; 131st Division under He Weizhen; 135th Division under Su Zuxin; 188th Division under Wei Zhen); the 46th Army (Commander He Xuan; 170th Division under Li Xingshu; 175th Division under Feng Huang; New 19th Division under Huang Gu); and a portion of the 200th Division of the 5th Army (Commander Dai Anlan). Together with the 1st-4th Independent Infantry Regiments of the Guangxi Training Corps, total strength was approximately 60,000 men.   After the Japanese landing, Bai Chongxi was stationed in Qianjiang, while the 16th Army Group headquarters in Xiawei was at Heishiyan near Binyang.   In early November 1939, the Japanese 5th Fleet and the aircraft carrier Kaga escorted the 5th Division and the Taiwan Brigade to concentrate in Haikou. Japanese aircraft bombed important cities in Guangxi. At that time, the Chinese army defended the coast from Nanning to Qinzhou Bay and Fangcheng with part of the 16th Army Group of the Fourth War Zone. The 46th Army was responsible for the coastline of Fangcheng, Qinxian, Hepu, and Liankou, and the 31st Army for key points along the Xijiang River.   On November 9, Japanese troops assembled at Sanya Bay on Hainan Island. Lieutenant General Ando Rikichi, commander of the 21st Army, personally commanded from Sanya. On the 13th, the fleet set sail. On the 14th, vanguard ships feinted at Beihai with over ten ships. A battalion of the 175th Division retaliated and was ordered to destroy Beihai, but Commander Chao Wei of the 524th Regiment believed no landing was intended, avoiding complete destruction. That night, Japanese ships turned toward Qinzhou.   To safeguard the international communications link between Guangxi and Indochina, the Chinese Generalissimo's Headquarters in Guilin assigned defensive missions. The 46th Corps of the 16th Army Group was tasked with defending the coastline from Fangcheng to Qinzhou, Hepu, and Lianjiang. The 31st Corps was responsible for key positions along the Xi River. Defensive positions were prepared in advance, and communications infrastructure was sabotaged to facilitate gradual resistance, aiming to attrition Japanese forces before a decisive engagement along the Yong River.   On November 15, under air and naval fire support, the Japanese 5th Division and Taiwan Brigade executed a forced landing on the west coast of Qinzhou Bay. Following intense resistance, the Chinese New 19th Division withdrew to Pancheng and Shangsi. After capturing Qinzhou, the Japanese 5th Division advanced north along the Yong-Qin Highway, while the Taiwan Brigade moved along Xiaodong–Baiji–Bujin Road. On November 17, the Japanese army captured Qinzhou and Fangcheng. The 5th Division immediately split into three routes along the Yongqin Highway, while the Taiwan Brigade advanced north along Xiaodong-Baekje-Pujin. On the 18th, they attacked Xiaodong, the headquarters of the New 19th Division. Division Commander Huang Gu fled alone in the face of battle. His troops were routed, and the Japanese continued northward. Meanwhile, bandits from the Shiwan Mountains formed numerous plainclothes teams to lead the Japanese advance, accelerating their northward movement. By November 21, they approached the south bank of the Yu River. On December 1, they occupied Gaofeng Pass. On December 4, they occupied Kunlun Pass and then adopted a defensive posture.   On November 16, Chiang Kai-shek summoned Bai Chongxi in Chongqing, ordering him to return to Guilin immediately to command the battle, without attending the plenary session. Bai requested full command without intervention from Zhang Fakui, and that all armies obey the Headquarters directly. Chiang approved and transferred his elite Fifth Army and other units to Bai's command. Bai telegraphed Du Yuming to lead troops by train from Hengyang to southern Guilin and reinstated Xia Wei as commander of the 16th Army Group, with Cai Tingkai awaiting orders. The 16th Army Group assembled, and Deputy Commander-in-Chief Wei Yunsong arrived in Nanning on the 19th. Units rushed to block Japanese advances. Bai flew to Guilin on the 19th and Qianjiang on the 21st, establishing the command post. Thus, as Japanese arrived in Nanning, Chinese reinforcements like the 170th Division reached Yongning on the 22nd, two regiments of the 135th Division entered Nanning on the 23rd, and the 600th Regiment of the 200th Division arrived at Ertang on the afternoon of the 24th. Other armies assembled in Liuzhou and Binyang.   On November 21, Japanese troops approached the south bank of the Yu River. Wu Zongjun, commander of the 405th Regiment of the 135th Division, arbitrarily ordered his regiments to abandon positions and retreat. Wei Yunsong ordered Su Zuxin to intercept, but Wu disobeyed. No troops defended Nanning's front lines. At dawn on the 24th, the 170th Division fought fiercely in Yongning. In the morning, the Japanese 21st Regiment crossed the river. By afternoon, Nanning had fallen. Over the next two days, they swept surrounding positions. On the morning of the 25th, the 600th Regiment of the 200th Division fought alone against Japanese regiments at Ertang. Under air cover, Japanese attacked, but Chinese resisted stubbornly. Regiment Commander Shao Yizhi and Adjutant Wu Qisheng were killed. Given the situation, Division Commanders Li Xingshu and Dai Anlan retreated to Gaofeng Pass after dusk. Though they failed to stop the advance, this was the fiercest resistance since the landing, lasting two days and nights. On November 25, Japanese attacked the 175th Division near Luwu from Xiaodong and the highway. The division moved to Nalong, assembling in villages there. The 175th attacked key points along the Yongqin Highway, including Datang, Naxiao, Dongya, Nabian, Xincheng, Xiaodong, Dadong, and Bancheng.   On November 20, the 21st Army opened its headquarters in Qinzhou. On November 26, Ando Rikichi announced the formation of the Yongqin Corps under Imamura Hitoshi. Ando left for Guangzhou on the 27th. Starting on the 26th, Japanese attacked Gaofeng Pass with aircraft cover. Despite fierce resistance, Chinese lost Gaofeng Pass on December 1. On the 4th, Japanese occupied Kunlun Pass, then adjusted deployment. The two sides confronted each other along the Kunlun Pass mountainous boundary. According to statistics up to December 1, Japanese suffered 145 dead and 315 wounded; Chinese had 6,125 dead bodies and 664 prisoners (but Japanese casualties were underreported; the 41st Infantry Regiment received 727 replacements on January 19, likely matching killed and wounded sent back). Seized in Nanning: 300 tons lead, 200 tons coal, 500 bundles cotton, 321 tons cotton thread, 30 tons iron, 60 tons tin. On December 2, the Japanese 5th Cavalry Regiment and Morimoto Battalion were attacked by about 1,500 Chinese with four tanks at Batang. Japanese dispatched the 21st Brigade (Nakamura Detachment), repelling a mixed force of the 200th and 188th Divisions. Japanese occupied Kunlun Pass but left only a battalion to defend it, withdrawing the rest to Nanning.   Bai Chongxi, director of the Guilin Headquarters and deputy chief of staff, proposed a counter-offensive plan, which was approved by Chiang Kai-shek.   On November 24, when Japanese had just occupied Nanning, Bai Chongxi demanded an immediate counterattack while Japanese were unstable and weak. After failing to gain approval, Bai asked Du Yuming to submit a request. Du sent a telegram on December 1: "The enemy occupying Nanning is less than two divisions. They succeeded by exploiting our dispersed forces, but lack heavy weapons and supplies. Our army should gather superior forces and launch a counter-offensive quickly (before December 10) to defeat them and restore international transportation." Chiang decided on a counter-offensive on December 7. On the 8th, Bai conveyed the objective: "capturing Kunlun Pass and then recovering Nanning." By mid-December, assembly was complete. Chiang dispatched Chen Cheng and Li Jishen to supervise, and Zhang Fakui arrived in Qianjiang.   In the early stages, Guangxi lacked heavy armored forces for counterattacking beyond Guangxi clique troops. The fall of Kunlun Pass prompted Chongqing to deploy the reorganized Fifth Army and its armored corps for a strong attack. The Fifth Army was the main force at Kunlun Pass, with the National Revolutionary Army providing cover while launching a full-scale counterattack in Nanning.   To recapture Kunlun Pass and Nanning, Bai Chongxi dispatched approximately nine armies and twenty-seven divisions, totaling 300,000 troops: Xia Wei of the 16th Army Group, Ye Zhao of the 37th Army Group, Deng Longguang of the 35th Army Group, and Cai Tingkai of the 26th Army Group (31st, 5th, 64th, 46th, and 43rd Armies, etc.) to attack Kunlun Pass. The Japanese, with the Nakamura Brigade as main force and special forces, had strong fortifications. Xu Tingyao of the 38th Army Group, with Li Yannian of the 2nd Army, Gan Lichu of the 6th Army, Yao Chun of the 36th Army, and Fu Zhongfang of the 99th Army. The 5th Army, plus the 1st Honorary Division (Zheng Dongguo), New 22nd Division (Qiu Qingquan), and all armored, cavalry, artillery, and engineer regiments, arrived.   The Japanese forces consisted of the 5th Division (Lieutenant General Hitoshi Imamura; 9th Brigade under Major General Genichiro Ogawa; 21st Brigade under Major General Masao Nakamura; Taiwan Mixed Brigade under Major General Sadashiro Shiota), Marine Corps (over 70 warships), and Air Force (100 aircraft), totaling about 30,000. Later reinforcements: Imperial Guard Division and a brigade from the 18th Division. Total about 100,000, but only 45,000 fought. After a traitor reported over 100,000 Nationalist troops north of Kunlun Pass, Imamura dismissed it as "impossible." Higher Japanese ranks hoped to instigate rebellion by the Guangxi clique. On December 10, Imamura issued a telegram "Letter to Generals Li and Bai," expressing respect and stating the attack on Nanning was to cut off Chiang's lines, hoping for Japan-China cooperation. If insisted, the Japanese garrison would win. Finally: "The more than 4,200 brave soldiers who died in Nanning have been buried in Zhongshan Park and solemnly offered sacrifices. Please rest assured."   On December 15, Bai Chongxi took a decisive step in the escalating conflict by issuing the first counter-offensive order, setting the stage for a coordinated push against enemy positions. He organized the forces into three main route armies, with additional reserves held back for support.   The Northern Route Army, under Xu Tingyao's command, focused its efforts on Kunlun Pass. The 5th Army led the direct assault there, while the 92nd Division from the 99th Army skirted around Lingliwei to strike at Qitang, effectively flanking the pass and adding pressure from the side.   Meanwhile, the Western Route Army, led by Xia Wei, split into two columns to cover multiple fronts. The First Column, commanded by Zhou Zuhuang, targeted Gaofeng Pass in a bold advance. The Second Column, under Wei Yunsong, positioned itself at Suwei to block any reinforcements heading toward Nanning, cutting off potential enemy supply lines.   On the eastern flank, Cai Tingkai's Eastern Route Army aimed to disrupt key logistics. The 46th Army moved against Luwu and Lingshan, intent on severing the vital Yongqin Highway. At the same time, the 66th Army joined the assault on Kunlun Pass before pushing onward to Gula and Gantang. To bolster these efforts, the remaining two divisions of the 99th Army were kept in reserve, ready to reinforce wherever needed.   The very next day, on December 16, Du Yuming—now serving as army commander—gathered his officers for a critical conference within the 5th Army. There, they crafted a clever encirclement strategy dubbed "close the gate and fight the tiger," designed to trap and overwhelm the opposition. The plan's core involved the 200th Division, led by Dai Anlan, and the 1st Honorary Division under Zheng Dongguo launching the primary attack on Kunlun Pass. Flanking from the right, Qiu Qingquan's New 22nd Division would seize Wutang and Liutang, then turn to intercept any incoming reinforcements. On the left wing, Peng Bisheng commanded two regiments in a daring bypass of Gantang and Chang'an, aiming to strike at Qitang and Batang and seal off the enemy's retreat routes.   The enemy at Kunlun Pass was the Matsumoto Sozaburo Battalion of the 21st Brigade. Its 42nd and 21st Regiments were along Jiutang-Nanning. On December 16, Imamura ordered Major General Kawai Genshichi of the 9th Brigade to lead thousands in a surprise attack on Longzhou and Zhennan Pass, departing on the 17th.   At 8 p.m. on December 17, the Battle of Kunlun Pass began.   On December 18, Chinese forces began their attack and captured Kunlun Pass and Jiutang on the same day. On December 19, it captured Gaofeng Pass. On December 20, Gaofeng Pass, Jiutang, and Kunlun Pass fell into the hands of the Japanese army again. At dawn on December 18, the artillery of the 5th Army opened fire. After extension, the 200th and 1st Honorary Divisions attacked. Hundreds of Japanese planes bombed. By night, the 1st Honorary captured Fairy Mountain, Laomaoling, Wanfu Village, Luotang, and Hill 411; 200th captured Hills 653 and 600, taking Kunlun Pass. At noon on the 19th, massive Japanese air raid. Imamura dispatched the 21st Regiment under Colonel Miki Yoshinosuke, recapturing it. Positions were contested repeatedly. The New 22nd occupied Wutang and Liutang; Wutang recaptured by Japanese, but Liutang held, blocking reinforcements. When Imamura ordered Taiwan Mixed Brigade reinforcement, they were blocked at Liutang by Qiu Qingquan. Du Yuming ordered Zheng Dongguo to send Zheng Tingji's 3rd Regiment to encircle Jiutang from the right. They captured high ground west of Jiutang at night. On December 20, enemy at Kunlun Pass weakened, sending urgent reports. Imamura ordered Nakamura Masao with 42nd Regiment to reinforce, but blocked at Wutang for two days, reaching Qitang on the 22nd, blocked again. Nakamura was wounded on the 23rd morning. At 1:30 pm, Miki reported: "If the brigade cannot arrive before dusk, the front line will be difficult to secure."   Imamura ordered Colonel Lin Yixiong's 1st Regiment and Colonel Watanabe Nobuyoshi's 2nd Regiment of the Taiwan Mixed Brigade to reinforce, but blocked by 175th Division on Yongqin Road. Watanabe's regiment blocked at Luwu by 524th Regiment (Chao Wei), and after three days, couldn't pass. Watanabe was killed, remnants fled to Qin County. On the 20th, Imamura ordered the 9th Brigade's 3rd Battalion of Ito's unit back in 105 vehicles to reinforce.   The Japanese confirmed the attack and Imamura ordered Nakamura Detachment rescue. Over two weeks, encirclement and breakout battles occurred on the Nanning-Kunlun Pass highway.   On the 18th, the 170th Division launched the Battle of Gaofeng Pass, capturing a hill on the 19th but ambushed that night. On the 20th, the pass fell, retreating to Gewei. Bai inspected but no improvement; failed to capture Gaofeng Pass or block reinforcements. Ito's unit on Yonglong Road intercepted by 131st at Xichangwei. On the 22nd, Imamura sent two companies from Nanning, intercepted by 188th near Suwei. Ito's battalion besieged in Xichangwei for three days, spared because 131st avoided close combat. Under air cover, both broke through to Nanning on the 26th.   On November 21, Chiang was dissatisfied with Kunlun Pass progress, ordering: "If front-line troops and artillery fail to attack or complete tasks, they shall be punished for cowardice."   By the 23rd, two divisions of 5th Army had over 2,000 casualties; Japanese over 1,000. Six days yielded no results, with reinforcements arriving. Du changed tactics to concentrate forces, tightening encirclement.   On the 24th, Oikawa Detachment ordered back to Nanning, destroying captured materials and withdrawing from Longzhou and Zhennanguan. Bai learned some escaped, telegraphing Wei Yunsong: "If the second batch escapes, it affects the main force. The deputy commander-in-chief should be punished." Main force still escaped; local troops preserved strength, benefiting Japanese.   On the main position, Zheng Tingji spotted Japanese officers meeting and ordered fire, inflicting heavy casualties, requiring airdropped officers.   On the 25th, Second Regiment of First Division captured Luotang South Heights, annihilating over 200. From December 25, Fifth Army and 159th and 92nd Divisions occupied key high grounds. Fierce battle until December 31, capturing Kunlun Pass and Tianyin, killing Nakamura Masao, annihilating over 5,000.   Following the intense clashes at Kunlun Pass, the battle's toll on the Japanese forces became starkly evident in the weeks that followed. On January 19, just a month after the fighting peaked, the Japanese rushed in 3,389 fresh replacements to replenish their battered 5th Division. This influx was distributed unevenly: 1,848 went to the 21st Infantry Regiment and 814 to the 42nd, figures that likely corresponded directly to the number of dead and seriously wounded who had been evacuated back home—though those with minor injuries weren't factored into these counts. The ferocity of the engagement was further underscored by the capture of numerous Japanese strongholds, where Chinese forces found that every defender had been killed, leaving no survivors behind.   In many ways, this outcome represented a stunning annihilation for the Japanese, particularly the 21st Brigade, which was effectively wiped out. Key figures fell in the fray, including Brigade Commander Masao Nakamura, Acting Commander Sakata Genichi, Miki Yoshinosuke, along with various deputies and battalion commanders. The leadership losses were catastrophic: over 85% of officers above the squad leader level were killed. Japanese records themselves acknowledged more than 4,000 soldiers dead, painting a grim picture that their own war histories later described as "the darkest era for the army." On the Chinese side, the victory came at a heavy price, with over 10,000 casualties suffered, yet remarkably, the core officer corps remained largely intact, preserving command structure for future operations.   Zooming out to the broader theater in December 1939, the Japanese 5th Division and the Taiwan Mixed Brigade found themselves holding the line against an overwhelming force of more than 150,000 Nationalist troops. At the same time, the Japanese 21st Army was shifting its focus to Guangdong Province in preparation for Operation Weng Ying, while the Oikawa Detachment—primarily composed of the 11th Infantry Regiment—pushed forward to Longzhou. They captured Zhennanguan on November 21, securing valuable stocks of fuel and arms in the process. However, these stretched deployments and insufficient troop numbers left the Japanese without adequate reserves when encirclement loomed at Kunlun Pass. Ultimately, they were forced to abandon their offensive plans in Guangdong, pulling back to consolidate defenses around Nanning. Meanwhile, from their base in Chongqing, Chinese commanders had meticulously planned the recapture, turning the tide through careful strategy and sheer determination. Shocked, Japanese dispatched Vice Chief of Staff Sawada Shigeru to Guangzhou. On December 29, 21st Army sent staff to Nanning. Failed to change 21st Brigade's defeat. Imamura planned personal charge for revenge on January 1, but Ando ordered holding Nanning for reinforcements: "The 21st Army is transferring powerful force to annihilate enemy. 5th Division secure Nanning and key locations."   After capturing Kunlun Pass and annihilating two regiments of 21st Brigade, 5th Army thought to recapture Nanning. Remaining 21st Brigade and Taiwan regiments between Jiutang and Batang. At noon January 1, 1940, Oikawa's thousands arrived at Batang; Imamura ordered Oikawa replace killed Sakata. First battle on Hill 441. 1st Division held north side; Japanese south. On January 1, Japanese bombed and attacked; 1st Division reduced to hundred but held. At dawn 2nd, counterattack all day, no progress. On 3rd, Du mobilized 200th and part New 22nd; brutal fighting, heavy casualties. At nightfall, Japanese retreated to Jiutang. On 4th, Japanese abandoned Jiutang to Batang. New 22nd moved into Jiutang. 5th Army attacked Batang; by 12th, no progress. Exhausted with heavy casualties, 5th Army ordered to Silong for rest. Mission transferred to 36th Army. 5th Army withdrew.   On January 7, Chiang flew to Guilin, visiting Qianjiang on 10th to discuss plans with Bai, Chen, Zhang, Xu, Lin. Bai proposed offensive with new armies to recapture Nanning. Chiang approved. On 11th, as Bai issued orders, Chiang overturned, changing to defensive. Japanese gained time for counter-offensive.   To salvage defeat, Japanese transferred 18th Division and Konoye Brigade from Guangdong. Combined with existing, formed 22nd Corps under Seiichi Kuno, under South China Front Army commanded by Reikichi Ando, preparing counteroffensive.   On January 25, a brigade from the Japanese 18th Division and elements of the 15th Division attacked frontally along Yongbin Road, while Konoye Brigade flanked toward Guizhou via Yongyong Road, in Binyang Campaign. Konoye crossed at Tingziwei, then Yongchun County, via Gantang, Luwei, Gula, Wuling to Binyang, cutting rear. Bai Chongxi rushed 175th Division of 46th Army north to tail Konoye. After reinforcements, 21st Army launched offensive to drive and encircle south of Binyang; accumulated supplies in Nanning. On January 22, 18th and Konoye reached attack points. 38th Army Group HQ in Binyang bombed, communications cut, independent combat.   On January 28, Japanese launched offensive (Binyang Operation). On February 3, 41st Infantry of 5th Division occupied Kunlun Pass. On February 4, Ando reached captured Binyang. Nationalists lost Kunlun Pass, lines collapsed, many encircled. Battle ended with withdrawal; February 13, Japanese withdrew to Nanning, lines stalemated.   In the wake of the Binyang clashes, the 18th Division was indeed shifted to Guangzhou. Japanese records from January 28 to February 13 painted a picture of their spoils: they claimed to have captured 19 tanks, 5 light armored vehicles, 30 automobiles, 20 field or mountain guns, 13 rapid-fire guns, and 41 mortars. Additionally, they reported counting 27,041 Chinese bodies on the battlefield and taking 1,167 prisoners. The Chinese forces, for their part, regrouped with their main strength positioned east of the Yongqin Highway, while some elements maneuvered west to harass Japanese rear lines and coordinate actions from the north bank.   On February 21, 1940, Chiang arrived in Liuzhou, residing at Yangjiao Mountain. From February 22, he convened over 100 generals for a four-day Liuzhou Military Conference to review Guinan operations. Chiang demoted Bai Chongxi for poor supervision and Chen Cheng for poor guidance from first- to second-class generals. He also punished and rewarded other senior officers. The 46th Army and 175th Division were commended for discipline. On February 26, Fourth War Zone Commander Zhang Fakui announced: "No need for counterattack on Nanning currently." The entire Guinan Campaign ended.   The defeat embarrassed Chongqing; not only disrupted Guangxi-Vietnam traffic, but massive effort ended in rout. Pre-battle, Guilin Headquarters misjudged Japanese intentions; during, both Guangxi and Huangpu clique leaders showed poor performance, infuriating Chiang. Post-battle punishments were unprecedented in the war.   I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. In November 1939, Japanese forces, including the 5th Division and Taiwan Brigade, landed at Qinzhou Bay, captured Nanning, and advanced to Kunlun Pass. Chinese troops, under Bai Chongxi and reinforced by the elite 5th Army, launched fierce counteroffensives, recapturing Kunlun Pass in December with heavy casualties. 

You can send a text, include contact info to get a response. The wars from 1793 to 1815 included expenditure of 830 million pounds for Army Navy and Ordinance, mainly the Navy. Another 65 million pounds was spent on subsidies to allies.  Looking at a total of 895 million, probably with secret funds we are over 900 million pounds.  To do all this spending 578 million was added to the national debtThis was unprecedented, nobody knew how deep capital markets were or potentially were.  No clue, they had never been tested like this before.    Would people continue to be able to buy our debt?  What if we also taxed them very high, higher than they had ever been taxed before?These were real live questions people in Westminster and the City were asking.What people didn't really understand is that while Napoleon commanded the people and farms of most of Europe, Britain actually commanded most of its money, present and future, I'll explain how that worked this episode.

This week brings the best weekend schedule of the season, and D-Fly & Dixie are back to set the table for you. The episode opens with Dan and Mark previewing a massive weekend in college lacrosse—nine games total, including seven top‑20 matchups and a marquee No. 1 vs. No. 2 showdown between North Carolina and Notre Dame. They bring on guest analyst Josh Davey, a longtime Inside Lacrosse colleague, to help break down the slate. The trio works through major conference battles across the Ivy League, Big Ten, ACC, and Patriot League, offering context on RPI implications, strength‑of‑schedule quirks, and key personnel storylines. Throughout the discussion, they highlight pivotal matchups such as Penn–Princeton, Hopkins–Ohio State, Duke–Cornell, Harvard–Yale, and the annual Army–Navy rivalry game. As they analyze each contest, they make game picks and debate which teams are trending upward or fighting for postseason survival.The second half of the episode dives deeper into the weekend's headliners, especially Syracuse–Virginia and the No. 1 UNC vs. No. 2 Notre Dame clash in South Bend. The hosts break down faceoff battles, midfield depth, defensive matchups, and the momentum each team carries into the weekend. They also preview Rutgers–Maryland, which Dixon will call on BTN, noting the Big Ten tournament stakes for both programs. Penn State standout defenseman Alex Ross joins the show as this week's player guest. The interview is an easy, grounded look at his journey from Annapolis club standout to All‑American anchor of Penn State's defense. He reflects on his longtime friendships from the 2022 Annapolis Hawks, how he stumbled into playing defense, and the older Nittany Lions who shaped his development. Ross explains why Penn State's “build your own house” culture resonated with him during recruiting and how early‑season losses strengthened the team's identity. Ross describes the Big Ten as a weekly “AFC North‑style” battle, shares what senior day at Panzer will mean to him, and answers a series of quick‑hit personal questions—from his Ravens fandom to favorite State College food spots to who controls the locker‑room aux cord—offering a mix of humor, humility, and appreciation for the brotherhood around him. GAME PREVIEWSALL GAMES on SATURDAYNo. 18 Penn (5-5, 2-2 Ivy) at No. 3 Princeton (8-2, 2-1) | noon | ESPN+ | Tigers -4.5/22.5No. 10 Johns Hopkins (7-3, 2-1 B1G) at No. 14 Ohio State (8-3. 1-2) | noon | BTN | Blue Jays -1.5/19.5Michigan (4-7, 1-2 B1G) at No. 11 Penn State (6-4, 2-1) | 1 p.m. | BTN | Nittany Lions -6.5/23.5No. 12 Duke (8-2) at No. 7 Cornell (6-3) in Brookville, N.Y. | 2 p.m. | Corrigan Sports Network | Big Red -1.5/24.5No. 5 Harvard (9-1, 3-0 Ivy) at No. 17 Yale (5-4, 2-2) | 3:30 p.m. | ESPN+ | Crimson -1.5/25.5Navy (7-4, 3-2 Patriot) at No. 15 Army (8-3, 3-2) | 2:30 p.m. | CBS Sports Network | Cadets -2.5/23.5No. 9 Virginia (7-4, 2-0 ACC) at No. 6 Syracuse (9-3, 1-1) | 4 p.m. | ESPNU | Orange -1.5/24.5No. 1 UNC (10-1, 1-0 ACC) at No. 2 Notre Dame (7-1, 0-1) | 5 p.m. | ACCN | Irish -1.5/22.5No. 19 Rutgers (8-4, 1-2 B1G) at No. 8 Maryland (5-4, 2-1) | 6 p.m. | BTN | Terps -3.5/19.5GIVE & GOIn this week's Ravens-themed Give & Go, the guys do a “snake draft” of each host's three favorite Baltimore Ravens of all time, featuring names like Ray Lewis, Ed Reed, Joe Flacco, Todd Heap, Tony Siragusa, Kyle Hamilton, and Lamar Jackson.

On this episode, Sam goes solo and talks about changes to the FCS playoff at-large selection criteria, this season's championship game date possibly being moved, an executive order protecting the Army-Navy game potentially impacting the FCS quarterfinals and Celebration Bowl, changes to the targeting rule, and a potentially new subdivision at the top of Division 1.The podcast is presented by HERO Sports and BetMGM. Visit HERO Sports for FCS coverage and BetMGM for online betting odds.

MLB has done a deal with Polymarket. A prediction market. Wow. (17:05) Let's talk about Stephen Ross, owner of the Miami Dolphins. He loves to give interviews. (25:50) Cam Skatebo had an apology ready within 24 hours. The Giants rookie star had to walkback his comments on CTE so quick you could have missed it. (30:50) Trump put an executive order on the Army-Navy. Nice. Why? (35:15) Athletic departments at universities are now full businesses with media departments. It's big business. CEOs. No longer school being school. (43:45) LeBron James has now played the most games all-time. What a career. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

MLB has done a deal with Polymarket. A prediction market. Wow. (17:05) Let's talk about Stephen Ross, owner of the Miami Dolphins. He loves to give interviews. (25:50) Cam Skatebo had an apology ready within 24 hours. The Giants rookie star had to walkback his comments on CTE so quick you could have missed it. (30:50) Trump put an executive order on the Army-Navy. Nice. Why? (35:15) Athletic departments at universities are now full businesses with media departments. It's big business. CEOs. No longer school being school. (43:45) LeBron James has now played the most games all-time. What a career. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

LaVar Arrington, TJ Houshmandzadeh, and Plaxico Burress react to Donald Trump signing an Executive Order to protect the Army-Navy standalone game window. The guys give their thoughts on unretiring retired numbers after Matt Leinart brought up LaVar's name during his viral moment this week. Plus, the guys pay tribute for Chuck Norris.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

LaVar Arrington, TJ Houshmandzadeh, and Plaxico Burress react to Donald Trump signing an Executive Order to protect the Army-Navy standalone game window. The guys give their thoughts on unretiring retired numbers after Matt Leinart brought up LaVar's name during his viral moment this week. Plus, the guys pay tribute for Chuck Norris.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

News On The Flipside Iran day 21 are we winning yet economy how's yours I will tell you how mine is . Russian troops 'at wits' end' as 'Terminator style' AI robots deployed in Ukraine 'Multiple waves' of unauthorized drones recently spotted over US Air Force base Scientists find proof time travel is real and happening now American student James Gracey is found dead in Barcelona after a spring break night out. Here's what we know Pilot believes he's found Amelia Earhart's long-lost airplane on remote Pacific island — with the help of Google Earth Trump signs executive order blocking college football games from competing with Army-Navy time slot Chuck Norris Cause of Death & Health Issues: What's Known So Far Iran just hit an American F-35 jet - and that's a first in history A Submersible Uncovered Secret Structures. Then, It Vanished Under Antarctic Waters. Trump's seven-word comment sends chills as Iran war enters next stage CBS News announces layoffs, bosses acknowledge 'difficult day' as dozens of staffers expected to be impacted Melania Trump Has Reportedly Enforced A Strict Mar-a-Lago Rule To Ensure Son Barron's ‘Non-Negotiable' Privacy The prospects of finding alien life just increased Strike on largest gas field in the world could cripple Iran's economy, experts say Belarusian leader announces "big deal" with US: "How could I refuse?" How the US government recovered a crashed UFO - then found bodies TSA agents quit and skip shifts during the government shutdown, triggering growing airport chaos and wait times. US opens new front in battle to reopen Strait of Hormuz as jets obliterate Iranian ships Webb telescope photos show mysterious little red dots. Astronomers don't know what they are Officials ordered thousands to evacuate in Oahu after severe floods put the 120-year-old Wahiawa dam at imminent risk of failure. News President Trump draws attention with a Pearl Harbor reference during a meeting with Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi. News The Senate moves President Donald Trump's SAVE Act into debate, launching a major fight over U.S. voting rules.

Trump's Army-Navy executive order, changes to transfer penalties and more.We would love to know what you think of the show and you can let us know on social media @D1ticker.If you are not subscribed to D1.ticker, you can and should subscribe at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.d1ticker.com/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.

Amanda Christovich with Front Office Sports stopped by 3 Man Front on Tuesday to discuss what the future holds for the Army-Navy game and the Big Ten & SEC being at a stalemate regarding CFB Playoff expansion. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The third hour of Tuesday's 3 Man Front included the shocking amount of alcohol sold at Tennessee football games, Amanda Christovich detailing the future of the Army-Navy game & Joe Lunardi taking a shot at Bruce Pearl!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The 8am hour of Thursday's Mac & Cube continued with the guys laying out why Chandler Morris is trying to get (yet) another year of eligibility and how it'll affect CFB moving forward; then, Chris Vannini, from The Athletic, tells us about the latest lawsuits plaguing College Football, whether or not Army-Navy will move to Thanksgiving weekend, and what he thought of the recent coaching carousel; later, Cole wonders if JUCO should count toward eligibility moving forward; and finally, we just have to laugh at all the lawsuits going around CFB. "McElroy & Cubelic In The Morning" airs 7am-10am weekdays on WJOX-94.5!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

"McElroy & Cubelic In The Morning" airs 7am-10am weekdays on WJOX-94.5!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Join Jordan, Commish, Pitt Girl, a late arriving Beth, and our VP of Podcast Production Arthur. Along with SPECIAL GUEST DAVID from FOIABALL.com! We learn all about the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and how we can FOIA things, what kind of things we can FOIA, what we can't FOIA, what schools are a pain in the butt to FOIA, what was the weirdest thing David has uncovered, discovering people really love balloons and how much they paid for balloons, weird Nebraska research on their potential ticket buyers, how he discovered potential NIL tax fraud for a Big Ten school, his white whale of FOIA requests, biggest grocery bills, Commish and David brainstorm some new FOIA ideas, then we get into the Sac State projections based on a Malaysian LinkedIn post, Army/Navy potentially moving to Thanksgiving weekend?, The Mountain West scheduled dropped, North Dakota State to Hawaii! They are sending Nevada away to all the new schools, the Houston Astros Brisket Donuts and we challenge our Corn Correspondent, UFL new rules, 4 Point FGs, banning the tush push and limiting punts, BYU's virtual tryouts for punters and long snappers and oh so much, much more!See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Your mission is simple, should you choose to accept it: By awarding or subtracting 24 points from a handful of old college football games, how much can you alter about the entire trajectory of the sport? Richard and Alex see how much damage they can do with three possessions' worth of points: * 0:23: RIP to college football's Wes Rucker, Joey Knight, and Rondale Moore* 3:37: Richard's additional reporting on Sacramento State's MAC move and the ridiculous math used to justify it * 13:22: The Split Zone Duo Hockey Hour responds to the Olympics * 19:46: News of the week: Joey Aguilar loses his eligibility case, and Jeff Monken suggests moving Army-Navy to Thanksgiving weekend * 24:32: Reshaping college football history with 24 pointsGet more SZD by becoming a paid subscriberThe offseason is a busy time at SZD, where we focus a lot on creative projects and CFB history while also keeping tabs on the news of the moment. Many of our favorite episodes go out in these months for subscribers — including the next one on Friday, featuring host emeritus Steven Godfrey. Thanks to our sponsorsnokiantyres.com/hockeyhomefieldapparel.comProducer: Anthony Vito This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.splitzoneduo.com/subscribe

The Tennessee Volunteers will have a new quarterback for the 2026 season. Joey Aguilar lost his case for another year of eligibility, so now the focus shifts to the highly touted recruits. The battle will be between redshirt freshman George MacIntyre and incoming freshman Faizon Brandon. Andy Staples, Ross Dellenger and Steven Godfrey discuss what the quarterback position may look like for the Vols in 2026. They also dive into the evolution of quarterback development in college football. What was once a recruit and develop process has seemingly shifted into just grabbing a quarterback from the transfer portal, but how long can that trend be successful? Are teams starting to shift back to focusing on recruiting young talent? Then, the guys dive into some news that has the potential to cause a big shift in the college football calendar. Army head coach Jeff Monken has said they could be open to moving the Army-Navy game to Thanksgiving weekend. This is a big piece of the puzzle that people have tried to navigate when looking at how the college football calendar could be rearranged. Andy, Ross and Godfrey discuss the impact of this suggestion, how it could work and what it would do for college football. Later, the crew discusses how a recent college football awards banquet turned into a comedy club. Mario Cristobal and Kirby Smart took the stage at the Steve Spurrier Awards dinner the other night. A dinner that honors various coaches and players turned into something more like a roast when Kirby Smart and Mario Cristobal started poking fun at each other while on stage. This led to a debate among Andy, Ross and Godfrey about who the funniest coaches are in college football.  All of this and more on College Football Enquirer. 0:00:00 - Who will be Tennessee's new QB? 11:46 - The evolution of development for college quarterbacks 23:59 - NCAA tampering 28:01 - Army-Navy game open to moving date 45:57 - Mario Cristobal vs. Kirby Smart roast 55:50 - Who are the funniest coaches in college football? Subscribe to the College Football Enquirer on your favorite podcast app:

Clint Bruce, former Navy SEAL and Naval Academy football alum, explains why the Army Navy game stands alone in sports. From brotherhood and sacrifice to discipline and tradition, Bruce shares deeply personal insight into what makes this rivalry unlike any other and why it will always matter more than rankings, playoffs, or television windows. #america #military #navyseals #navy #nfl Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

ICE's New Disturbing Low. Is NATO Dead? Thoughts on the End of the Iraq War. Snowpocalypse ‘26. Garry Newman is Something Good. And So Are Our Allies. On this special bonus episode of Independent Americans, host Paul Rieckhoff cuts through a blizzard of news and chaos with retired four-star General Barry McCaffrey. From Trump at Davos mocking allies and floating military action toward Greenland, to ICE crackdowns stretching from Minneapolis to Maine and talk of deploying the 11th Airborne toward American cities, it is a deep, unflinching look at a country on the brink of something very dangerous.​ McCaffrey details how the Trump White House has shattered global trust, why he believes NATO as we knew it is effectively dead, and how turning ICE and federal law enforcement into camouflaged, armored shock troops erodes vital trust between cops and communities. He explains the real-world implications of Trump's threats to “wipe Iran off the face of the earth,” his pirate-like seizures of Venezuelan oil, and his efforts to use the Army-Navy game, the National Guard, and active-duty forces as partisan political props. Paul and the General also dig into the quiet end of the U.S. troop presence in Iraq, the lessons of Vietnam and the War on Terror, the danger of believing war can be easy or bloodless, and the collapse of once-strong national security institutions.​ You'll hear McCaffrey's blunt assessment of Trump as a lawless, destabilizing commander in chief, his concern that the United States now looks like a “predator nation,” and his warning that law enforcement and the military are being dangerously politicized in ways that will take at least a decade to repair. Paul weaves in his own on-the-ground perspective—from CNN and NewsNation hits to his work with American Veterans for Ukraine and his fight against ICE abuses that are traumatizing kids like five-year-old Liam Ramos—alongside moments of hope, from Randy Newman's music to stories of French allies who promise to “be there” when America is in trouble. It is a conversation that embodies the five I's—independence, integrity, inspiration, information, and impact—at a time when Americans are increasingly independent and hungry for trustworthy voices and real perspective. Because every episode of Independent Americans with Paul Rieckhoff breaks down the most important news stories--and offers light to contrast the heat of other politics and news shows. It's independent content for independent Americans. In these trying times especially, Independent Americans is your trusted place for independent news, politics, inspiration and hope. The podcast that helps you stay ahead of the curve--and stay vigilant. -WATCH video of this episode on YouTube now. -Learn more about Paul's work to elect a new generation of independent leaders with Independent Veterans of America. -Join the movement. Hook into our exclusive Patreon community of Independent Americans. Get extra content, connect with guests, meet other Independent Americans, attend events, get merch discounts, and support this show that speaks truth to power.  -Check the hashtag #LookForTheHelpers. And share yours.  -Find us on social media or www.IndependentAmericans.us.  -And get cool IA and Righteous hats, t-shirts and other merch now in time for the new year.  -Check out other Righteous podcasts like The Firefighters Podcast with Rob Serra, Uncle Montel - The OG of Weed and B Dorm.  Independent Americans is powered by veteran-owned and led Righteous Media.  And now part of the BLEAV network!  Ways to listen: Spotify • Apple Podcasts • Amazon Podcasts  Ways to watch: YouTube • Instagram  Social channels: X/Twitter • BlueSky • Facebook    Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Send in the troops, ISIS retaliation, attack on the Second Amendment, and Army-Navy's exclusive time slot. Plus, the Message of the Day, understanding President Trump. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

More Shameful Attacks by Trump on Greenland. Protests at ICE-Leaders' Church. DOJ Puts Don Lemon “On Notice”. MLK's Example. President Mayhem Politicizes Army Navy Football. CFB Championship Tonight.  Paul Rieckhoff rips through the biggest stories in America and around the world in this hard-hitting solo episode of Independent Americans. From President Mayhem's threats to seize Greenland and troll NATO, to the looming danger of the Insurrection Act and troops on alert for possible deployment to Minneapolis, Paul breaks down what matters, why it matters, and what might come next—connecting the dots between ICE abuses, DOJ weaponization, and attacks on the free press so you can stay ahead of the chaos, not crushed by it.​ It's Manosphere Monday on Martin Luther King Jr. Day, and Paul digs into what real, strong, modern American manhood looks like—and how MLK's courageous, disciplined, peaceful protest stands in absolute contrast to Trump's escalating forever war at home and abroad. He hits the latest from Iran, Iraq, Venezuela, Ukraine, and our NATO allies; explains why tariffs on key partners and the obsession with Greenland make America less safe; and exposes how Trump is trying to normalize domestic troop deployments and label dissenters as “domestic terrorists.”​ Then Paul shifts gears to break down the NFL playoffs, wild divisional-round finishes, coaching shake-ups, and the college football national championship—explaining why decision-making under pressure matters just as much on the field as it does in the Situation Room. He takes on Trump's new political stunt around the Army–Navy game and why real patriots should resist turning it into propaganda instead of a unifying tradition, before closing with a powerful “something good” on teaching his kids about Dr. King and honoring MLK's independent, moral, unflinching leadership. If you're one of the 45% of Americans who now identify as independent—or just someone who wants information, integrity, and inspiration instead of fear and spin—this solo episode is your briefing, your wake-up call, and your shot of hope Because every episode of Independent Americans with Paul Rieckhoff breaks down the most important news stories--and offers light to contrast the heat of other politics and news shows. It's independent content for independent Americans. In these trying times especially, Independent Americans is your trusted place for independent news, politics, inspiration and hope. The podcast that helps you stay ahead of the curve--and stay vigilant. -WATCH video of this episode on YouTube now. -Learn more about Paul's work to elect a new generation of independent leaders with Independent Veterans of America. -Join the movement. Hook into our exclusive Patreon community of Independent Americans. Get extra content, connect with guests, meet other Independent Americans, attend events, get merch discounts, and support this show that speaks truth to power.  -Check the hashtag #LookForTheHelpers. And share yours.  -Find us on social media or www.IndependentAmericans.us.  -And get cool IA and Righteous hats, t-shirts and other merch now in time for the new year.  -Check out other Righteous podcasts like The Firefighters Podcast with Rob Serra, Uncle Montel - The OG of Weed and B Dorm.  Independent Americans is powered by veteran-owned and led Righteous Media.  And now part of the BLEAV network!  Ways to listen: Spotify • Apple Podcasts • Amazon Podcasts  Ways to WATCH: YouTube • Instagram  Social channels: X/Twitter • BlueSky • Facebook  Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Elizabeth Peek discusses lessons for 2025, praising President Trump's showmanship at the Army-Navy game and anticipating his presence at the 2026 World Cup. She argues tariffs are generating significant revenue and predicts Democrats will eventually relax border policies to secure future votes, despite current public disapproval of high immigration. FARRAGUT FLAGSHIP "FRANLIN"

00:00-01:01 Intro 01:02-29:57 Army-Navy Recap 29:58-40:53 Rob Reiner 40:54-47:30 Tragic Major Events 47:31-01:04:54 Christmas & New Year Plans 01:04:55- Reflection & Post-ShowYou can find every episode of this show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify or YouTube. Prime Members can listen ad-free on Amazon Music. For more, visit barstool.link/ZeroBlog30

Rob Reiner and wife stabbed to death in their home. Reiner's words following Charlie Kirk's murder. Erika Kirk to meet with Canace Owens today. Horrific video of the massacre in Australia. The Australian prime minister has some questions to answer. Senator Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) is absolutely tone-deaf after a tragedy, much the way President Barack Obama was. Brown University shooting, and the suspect remains at large. Miracle on Ice 1980 U.S. Olympic hockey team visits the White House. President Trump discusses the murder of U.S. soldiers in Syria. Army-Navy game gets a visit from President Trump. Minnesota Governor Tim Walz (D) appears to refuse to condemn Somali fraud in his state. Stephen Miller responds to Tim Walz and the Somali invasion of America. Confirmed: Rep. Ilhan Omar (D-Minn.) was married to her brother. Rep. Jasmine Crockett (D-Texas) has a message about immigrants. 00:00 Pat Gray UNLEASHED! 00:30 The Deaths of Rob & Michele Reiner 02:28 FLASHBACK: Rob Reiner Reacts to Charlie Kirk's Death 04:44 Candace Owens will Meet with Erika Kirk 10:36 Terror Attack at Bondi Beach, Australia Hanukkah Celebration 14:32 'Hero of the Day' at Bondi Beach! 17:55 Dead Terrorist Father was on a Tourist Visa? 18:53 FLASHBACK: Australia Censors Church Stabbing Back in 2024 20:49 FLASHBACK: Australia's Prime Minister on Islamophobia 3 Months Ago 23:17 Message from Bondi Beach Survivor 27:04 Chuck Schumer's Tone-Deaf Sunday Message 32:34 Brown University Shooting 33:58 Brown University President had No Clue What was Happening?! 35:06 USC Women's Basketball Coach Speaks Out after Brown University Shooting 37:41 Brett Smiley on Shooting 'Person of Interest' being Released 40:38 Fat Five 50:37 President Trump Reacts to Attack in Syria 53:34 President Trump's Army-Navy Coin Toss 1:00:22 President Trump Receives a New Hat 1:01:41 President Trump on Ilhan Omar 1:06:05 Joe Biden Out on the Football Field? 1:10:03 Tim Walz is Back on the Mic 1:16:41 Stephen Miller Responds to Tim Walz 1:20:37 Ilhan Omar DID Marry her Brother!!! 1:31:11 Angel Mom Speaks Out 1:33:19 Jasmine Crockett Says "We Done Picking Cotton!" Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Ceremony: The Emperor as Collective Focal Point and Sacred Kingship — Gaius & Germanicus — In the "freezing darkness of Londinium," Gaius and Germanicus reflect philosophically on the spectacle of the new American"Emperor" (Donald Trump) attending the Army-Navy football game, with Gaius describing the theatrical pageantry of Trump's entrance flanked by enormous military officers and the overwhelming orchestrated cheers from assembled military cadets. Gaius argues that for a transcendent moment, the United States embodied the full confidence, unified purpose, and absolute power characteristic of the Roman Empire at its zenith. Germanicus analyzes this ceremonial moment through historical lens, positing that the Emperor functions as a "collective focal point" for national identity and institutional legitimacy, embodying "sacred kingship" roles that unify the entire nation in ways that republican governance structures fundamentally cannot achieve. Germanicus compares this modern ceremonial spectacle to Roman imperial tradition wherein the Emperor's physical presence at the Coliseum or the Hippodrome served vital ritualistic functions transcending mere entertainment, instead melding the Emperor, the Senate, and the populace into a singular apotheosis of unified national identity and sacred authority. Germanicus suggests that this ceremonial gathering simultaneously demonstrated American military strength while affirming the psychological necessity of embodied leadership and collective ritual in maintaining national cohesion and ideological purpose.

FOX Sports' lead College Football analyst Joel Klatt reacts to Indiana's Fernando Mendoza winning the Heisman before revealing who he voted for on his official ballot. He then looks ahead and lists his Top 5 favorites to win the Heisman next season and explains why there should be a crowded list of candidates in 2026. Klatt celebrates the Army-Navy game that turned into a classic. He then gives his thoughts on Utah's Kyle Whittingham stepping down as Head Coach and tells some behind-the-scenes stories from his time covering him. Klatt provides the latest that he's hearing in the Michigan coaching search including who their top targets are and why this such a tough time for them, in particular, to be conducting a search. Klatt wraps up the show with a rant about player and team announcements with regards to their players deciding to come back for another season. Head to www.eckrich.com/TakeItToTheHouse and enter the time on the clock for your shot at winning tickets & a trip to the 2026 College Football Playoff National Championship. Use my code for 10% off your next SeatGeek order*: https://seatgeek.onelink.me/RrnK/KLATT10 Sponsored by SeatGeek. *Restrictions apply. Max $20 discount. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

BREAKING: Patrick Mahomes suffers season-ending torn ACL in devastating Week 15 loss to the Chargers. The injury eliminates Kansas City from playoff contention and marks a historic turning point for the NFL — for the first time since 1998, the playoffs will feature no Tom Brady, no Peyton Manning, and no Patrick Mahomes.Czabe and ANDY POLLIN break down the ruinous Week 15 results that crushed both the Chiefs and Packers' postseason hopes. Even though Green Bay remains mathematically alive, Kansas City's dynasty is officially dead. What does the NFL look like without its elite quarterback safety net?Plus: Shedeur Sanders goes ice cold in Chicago's brutal conditions. Philip Rivers (yes, Ol' Man Rivers) delivers a surprisingly solid performance. Sherrone Moore faces his first courtroom battle (with many more likely coming). Diego Pavia's embarrassing sideline meltdown. Fernando Mendoza - the lovable dork who might actually be an NFL-caliber QB. And the Army-Navy game delivers inspiration once again.Our Sponsors:* Check out Aura Frames and use my code CZABE for a great deal: https://auraframes.com* Check out CBDfx and use my code CZABE for a great deal: https://cbdfx.com* Check out FRE and use my code LISTEN20 for a great deal: https://frepouch.com* Check out Hims: https://hims.com/CZABE* Check out Indeed: https://indeed.com/CZABE* Check out Infinite Epigenetics: https://infiniteepigenetics.com/CZABEAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Ross is joined by Colin Thompson, Navy Football assistant coach and former NFL tight end! The two discuss today's Army - Navy game, Colin's time coaching there, his incredible football journey, and much more! Download the DraftKings Sports Book App and use code ROSS! Connect with the Pod Website - https://www.rosstucker.com Become A Patron - https://www.patreon.com/RTMedia Podcast Twitter - https://twitter.com/RossTuckerPod Podcast Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/rosstuckerpod/ Ross Twitter - https://twitter.com/RossTuckerNFL Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Week 15 of the NFL season is upon us and Mike and Jim have all the games covered on this episode of Cash the Ticket. They also get into the insane situation with Sherrone Moore and the University of Michigan and also get into grandfathers in the NFL. All of this and so much more on the latest episode of Cash the Ticket today. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Fox Sports' lead College Football analyst Joel Klatt reacts to the stunning news that Michigan has fired Head Coach Sherrone Moore after finding evidence of an inappropriate relationship with a staff member. He explains what the Michigan program will have to do immediately as they look to replace their Head Coach and retain one of the most promising young rosters in the country. Klatt lists the names of coaches that Michigan should call as they seek a replacement just days after signing their recruiting class. Klatt also gives his thoughts on Penn State's hiring of Matt Campbell to be their new Head Coach. He then relays the latest scuttle from inside the sport after returning from the National Football Foundation Awards including the latest Playoff formats being talked about and whether it is time for Notre Dame to join a conference. Klatt wraps up the show by making his pick for Army-Navy and detailing why that game has so much meaning to him. Head to www.eckrich.com/TakeItToTheHouse and enter the time on the clock for your shot at winning tickets & a trip to the 2026 College Football Playoff National Championship. Chapters: (00:00) Intro (02:11) Sherrone Moore Fired (09:38) Michigan Next Head Coach (23:32) Matt Campbell Hired Penn State (28:16) National Football Foundations Award (37:47) Mail Bag & Army Vs. Navy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Griffin Warner and Lonte Smith talk 1st round of the college football playoffs. Plus, the guys also discuss Army vs navy and best bets. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

00:00-06:00 Intro 06:01-1:00:50 Army-Navy Game 1:00:51-1:01:25 Post-ShowYou can find every episode of this show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify or YouTube. Prime Members can listen ad-free on Amazon Music. For more, visit barstool.link/ZeroBlog30

"Some of the best decisions I've made in my life have been rooted in faith where I couldn't give a guarantee but I had faith and some of the worst decisions I've made in my life were rooted in fear.” Governor Wes Moore In this inspiring and wide-ranging conversation, Maryland Governor Wes Moore joins The Pivot Podcast to discuss leadership, purpose, and the personal journey that shaped his historic path to the governor's office. Moore opens up to Ryan, Channing and Fred about his upbringing, his time in the military, and the pivotal moments that pushed him toward public service. He reflects on the challenges of leading a state during times of rapid change, the responsibilities of being Maryland's first Black governor, and his commitment to expanding opportunity for all communities. Going in-depth, Moore shares the story behind writing his best-selling novel shaped how he views the world, based on the experience of 2 men with the same name who lived two different fates: one ended up doing life in prison while the other was a road scholar who became Governor. A journey rooted in faith not fear, Moore shares the key choices he made over his lifetime to give him the courage and strength to emphasize service over self. Throughout the episode, Moore's trademark energy and clarity shine as he talks about balancing ambition with humility, the importance of mentorship, and what it means to create lasting impact. He shares his inspiring love story with wife Dawn, raising a family in the public eye while emphasizing the values that built their marriage, the support they've given each other through demanding careers, and the joy and purpose he finds in being a husband and father. And of course we talk football! From Maryland sports to the Baltimore Ravens to the AFC North to the true spirit and rivalry of the Army Navy game. Whether you're interested in politics, personal growth, or stories of resilience, this conversation offers a thoughtful look at one of the country's most dynamic political leaders. Pivot Family, tap in, like, hit subscribe and comment, we love hearing from you! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Unveiling the Army football uniforms for the upcoming Army-Navy game. What's your favorite conspiracy theory? Did Hitler escape to South America? Did aliens crash in New Mexico? Did a torpedo sink the Titanic? Is Elvis Presley still alive? Did a Secret Service agent kill JFK? Is Adam Walsh still alive? 00:00 Pat Gray UNLEASHED! 00:32 BYU Football Update 02:51 1775 Army Uniforms for Football 07:13 Free Think Friday: Conspiracies that we Believe 15:11 Caller Tim (Indiana) 19:45 Caller Scotia 21:14 Caller Don (Texas) 23:17 Caller Tessa 26:04 Caller David 27:42 Caller Larry 32:04 Caller Mark 33:45 Caller Robert 35:17 Caller Sam 41:30 Caller Julie 43:54 Caller Rick 51:42 Caller Kim 53:32 Caller Steve 55:24 Caller Chris 59:13 Caller Kevin 1:04:40 Caller Bob 1:08:21 Caller Tim (Michigan) 1:12:26 Caller Don (Oklahoma) 1:23:10 Caller Lianne 1:28:39 Caller Kara 1:31:04 Caller John 1:32:58 Caller Aaron Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices