Podcasts about jacques louis david

rWotD Episode 3315: Belisarius Begging for Alms Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Monday, 1 June 2026, is Belisarius Begging for Alms.Belisarius Begging for Alms (French: Bélisaire demandant l'aumône, lit. 'Belisarius asking for alms') is a large-format (288 × 312 cm) history painting in oil on canvas by the French artist Jacques-Louis David. It depicts the Byzantine general Belisarius, who heroically defeated the Vandals in North Africa in AD 533–534 on behalf of Justinian I, and (according to an apocryphal account probably added to his biography in the Middle Ages) was later blinded by the emperor and reduced to begging for alms on the street. David exhibited the work at the Salon of 1781 at the Louvre after returning from Italy and it proved a great success.It is now in the Palais des Beaux-Arts in Lille. A second, reduced version was displayed at the Salon of 1785 and is now in the collection of the Louvre.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:22 UTC on Monday, 1 June 2026.For the full current version of the article, see Belisarius Begging for Alms on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Justin.

En este programa de El Café de la Lluvia conversamos con Pedro Cifuentes, autor de Historia del Arte en Cómic. Revoluciones, el quinto volumen de una ambiciosa serie que acerca la historia del arte a todos los públicos desde un enfoque didáctico y visual. A lo largo de la entrevista, exploramos los siglos XVIII y XIX, una época de transformaciones vertiginosas donde el arte refleja revoluciones políticas, sociales y culturales. Cifuentes nos habla del reto de sintetizar este periodo en formato cómic, tras un intenso proceso de documentación de dos años, y de su enfoque pedagógico como docente. El programa también se detiene en figuras clave como Francisco de Goya, abordado desde una perspectiva casi narrativa y oscura en torno a sus pinturas negras; Jacques-Louis David, testigo de la Revolución Francesa; y J. M. W. Turner, cuya evolución anticipa el arte abstracto. Además, reflexionamos sobre la irrupción de la fotografía como punto de inflexión en la historia del arte, el papel de la enseñanza en su obra, el impacto de la inteligencia artificial en la ilustración y su salida de redes sociales como X. Por último, conocemos sus próximos proyectos: el cierre de la serie con un sexto volumen dedicado al arte contemporáneo y una nueva novela gráfica de enfoque más adulto sobre la historia de España. ☕ Hazte socio/a de El Café de la Lluvia y forma parte de nuestra comunidad: https://elcafedelalluvia.com/hazte-socio-a-de-el-cafe-de-la-lluvia/ Escúchanos y léenos en nuestra web: https://elcafedelalluvia.com/ ▶️ Suscríbete a nuestro canal de YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/ElCafédelaLluvia Recibe nuestros contenidos en tu correo: https://elcafedelalluvia.com/suscripcion-newsletter/ Síguenos en redes sociales: Twitter: https://twitter.com/cafelluvia Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/elcafedelalluvia/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Cafedelalluvia Tu apoyo nos ayuda a seguir dando voz a la cultura, la literatura y el pensamiento crítico. Gracias por acompañarnos ☕✨

In this episode, our group explores Jacques Louis David's The Death of Marat and the complex relationship between beauty, violence, and political power. We discuss how Marat's assassination during the French Revolution was transformed into a serene and almost sacred image, raising questions about whether the painting is a tribute or a form of propaganda. By examining the roles of Marat, Charlotte Corday, and David himself, we uncover how art can reshape public memory and influence political narratives. Our conversation also connects to ideas of beauty and ugliness from the course readings, especially how aesthetics can soften or distort historical truth. Join us as we analyze how a single painting can turn a moment of brutality into a symbol of revolutionary martyrdom.

Né dans une famille bourgeoise en 1748, Jacques-Louis David entre très jeune dans l'atelier de Joseph Marie Vien, peintre peu connu, mais grand pédagogue. Il est ensuite admis à l'Académie Royale en 1766, mais c'est son séjour de cinq ans à Rome, qui ouvre son esprit vers le monde classique et le guidera dans sa peinture jusqu'à sa mort en 1825. Il s'engage avec passion dans la Révolution française et devient le premier artiste engagé. Article de la revue Acropolis du mois d'avril par Fernand SCHWARZ, philosophe, anthropologue, fondateur de Nouvelle Acropole en France. Article lu par Marie-France de MonneronAbonnez-vous gratuitement à notre newsletter philosophique :www.revue-acropolis.comSaviez-vous que Nouvelle Acropole est réalisée à 100% par des bénévoles ? Nous dépendons donc beaucoup de nos étudiants et amis pour la divulgation !  N'oubliez pas de vous abonner à la chaîne et si possible de la partager sur vos réseaux sociaux.  Ce sera d'une grande aide !

One of the things that our group will be looking at in more detail in episode 2176 is the assassination of Jean-Paul Marat and the painting that made him into an icon of the revolutionaries. We look at how Jacques Louis David made a violent act look serene and beautiful and what that might say about the nature of truth. Another thing that is looked at is who exactly Jean-Paul Marat and Charlotte Corday are and what their conflict is all about and how it could have affected French history. The last thing that is looked at is what David's artistic decisions say about the way in which we understand what we are seeing. Also, the fact that the conflict between beauty and brutality, especially in an art piece meant to influence politics is touched on.

In this episode we talked about Jacques-Louis David's The Death of Marat and the crazy story behind one of the most famous and controversial paintings from the French Revolution. We talk about who he was, why Charlotte Corday killed him, and how David turned such a violent moment into something that looks weirdly calm, beautiful, and almost saint like. As we broke down the painting, we also questioned whether it's showing the truth or in a way manipulating the viewer to be on the side of Marat. Our discussion focussed on the connection between beauty, violence, and propaganda, as well as why this painting is still so powerful today.

In this episode of Exploring Art Podcast, we discuss Jacques-Louis David's famous painting The Death of Marat and the powerful connection between art, politics, and beauty. We explore the historical context of the French Revolution and examine how David transformed a violent assassination into a calm and almost sacred image. Our conversation considers whether the painting is an honest tribute to a revolutionary figure or a form of political propaganda designed to influence public opinion.We also analyze how artistic choices like lighting, composition, and symbolism shape the way viewers interpret violence and martyrdom.

Po wybuchu rewolucji francuskiej Jacques Louis David stał się jej entuzjastycznym wyznawcą - był jakobinem, zasiadał w Konwencie Narodowym i był blisko z Robespierrem, a także przyjaźnił się z Jean Paulem Maratem.Kiedy 13 lipca 1793 roku Marat został zasztyletowany przez Charlotte Corday, to David uczynił z jego śmierci wydarzenie historyczne, opowiadając ją w swojej kompozycji malarskiej.Obraz jest w kolekcji KMSK w Brukseli.* Partnerem odcinka jest Wydawnictwo Filia, wydawca książki Maxa Czornyja "Śmierciologia" *Dziękuję Patronkom i Patronom za to, że umożliwiacie mi tworzenie „Otuliny o sztuce”.Możesz dołączyć do tego grona https://patronite.pl/otulina_o_sztuce Znajdź mnie na Facebooku: ⁠https://www.facebook.com/otulinablogpl⁠ lub na Instagramie: ⁠https://www.instagram.com/otulina_o_sztuce

What a pleasure it was to talk to Ruth Scurr, author of John Aubrey: My Own Life, about the great man himself, who was born four hundred years ago this month. Aubrey is best know for his splendid Brief Lives but he preserved a huge amount of knowledge which historians still rely on. There are many things we only know because of Aubrey—things about people Hobbes and Hooke, Stonehenge, architectural history. We also talked about Janet Malcom, the genre of biography, and modern fiction.HENRY OLIVER: Today I'm talking to Ruth Scurr. Ruth is a fellow of Gonville and Caius College in the University of Cambridge, where she specializes in the history of political thought. But more importantly, she is the biographer of John Aubrey, one of my favorite writers, who is celebrating 400 years of his birth this year. Ruth, hello.RUTH SCURR: Hi, Henry.OLIVER: Can you begin by giving us a brief life of John Aubrey?SCURR: So born in 1626, 17th-century antiquarian, collector, early fellow at the Royal Society. Well connected to scientific and the literary circles of his day. Someone who sees himself more as a whetstone: a person who could help sharpen other people's ideas. As a recorder, someone who treasured the details, the minutiae of the lives he encountered, and pass those details on to posterity.He's nonjudgmental, witty, kind, inventive. Very, very sociable. Very good friend. But he's hopeless at self-advancement. Begins his life as a gentleman, but he inherits debts from his father and he can never really achieve financial stability.Never marries, ends up homeless and worried about being arrested for his debts. And he has to sell his precious collection of books periodically through his life to raise some much-needed cash, but he keeps his manuscripts safe. And he does this at the end of his life by putting them into the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, afterwards known as the Bodleian, and where they still are today.OLIVER: So how many manuscripts did he save for us?SCURR: Of his own manuscripts or other people's manuscripts?OLIVER: Other people's. Because he was collecting all sorts of precious things.SCURR: Oh, absolutely. He was the person who, when someone died, would go round if he could to their house and ask what was happening about the manuscripts. He's particularly concerned, obviously, with his friends. So he had a close relationship with Robert Hooke and he wanted to make sure that Hooke's many inventions and scientific contributions were recorded.And he has this wonderful line in the life of Hooke where he says, “It's so hard to get people to do right by themselves.” And in his childhood, he had seen the fallout from the dissolution of the monasteries. He'd become very troubled by the habit of using manuscript pages which had been displaced in the dissolution. He saw them being used in schools to cover textbooks. He saw them being used to—or he heard about them at least being used—to wrap up gloves or to create stoppers in bottles. And this really troubled him from, from a very early age.And I think he has another beautiful line where he says after the dissolution of the monasteries, whereas these manuscripts had been kept safe, they flew around like butterflies. And he wanted to catch them and preserve them and to stop people letting the papers and the precious manuscripts of their relatives do the same. So he was very instrumental in rescuing manuscripts, other people's manuscripts. And then fortunately with his own, he knew Ashmole and they had the shared astrology interest.Ashmole was a very different sort of person who basically said to Oxford, look, I'll give you my collections, but there has to be a museum for them. And luckily Aubrey was able to use that museum as a safe place for his own manuscripts.OLIVER: So we know things about Robert Hooke and Thomas Hobbes and all these other luminaries of the 17th century, thanks to Aubrey. What else do we know, thanks to him?SCURR: We know what Stonehenge looked like in his day because he was a very good draftsman. He drew pictures of Stonehenge. He'd grown up in Wiltshire, he'd known those stones from childhood. He understood that Avebury nearby was a comparable monument, and he took Charles II to see it, and persuaded the king to get the locals to stop breaking up the stones, to reuse the stones, which was the practice.He also made drawings of windows because he was possibly the first person as a historian of architecture to realize that you could date buildings by the style of their windows. So we have those drawings. He was also interested in the history of costume. He did a survey of Surrey, of Wiltshire.So these are all sort of focuses in his manuscripts and people who've used them come to really appreciate how pioneering Aubrey was. But of course he doesn't finish them. He doesn't publish those manuscripts. So it's very easy really to overlook the innovation and the contribution and the wonderful imagination that he had.OLIVER: You mean if he'd published a book, he would have a much bigger reputation?SCURR: Well, I think there's two things. Yes, but in a sense, you know, the Brief Lives have been published after his death in various forms. But I think one of the most engaging things about Aubrey is that he's a modest and self-effacing person. And I already mentioned the idea he had of himself as a whetstone to other people's talents.There aren't that many people—certainly not in my life, maybe there are in yours—but who would effortlessly describe themselves as a whetstone to other people's talents. Most people want to be at the center. They're happy to have clever and literary friends, but they want a place there at the table as well.And Aubrey really was very, very invested in helping other people to do right by themselves, as he said about Hooke. And he very movingly—this is one of the inspirations really for my book that I wrote about him—he spent all that time collating the information about other people's lives. And for his own life, he puts down a few lines, a couple of facts and everything.He says, well, this could be used as the binding of a book. You know, it's sort of waste paper really. So he doesn't write his own life. Other people's lives he's going to convey to posterity. He doesn't see his own life as really being at that level of needing the attention that he gave, for example, to Milton or to Harvey or Hobbes, as you mentioned.OLIVER: He's born the year after Charles I comes to the throne. So he obviously lives through a fairly terrible period of history and very tumultuous, changeable in lots of different ways. The new world, the new learning, new religion, new politics, everything is changing. And he's obsessed with the old ways. How did these historical events—is he reacting against his time? Is he just born in a lucky time in a way?SCURR: So he was a student in Oxford during the Civil War. And you are right. The upheaval is very disturbing for his generation. It means he gets called back from Oxford by his father because it's dangerous to be there. And he's really, really upset by that because, it's like us, when we were students or our students today. You finally get away from your family and there you are in this place with all these exciting peers and access to books that you've never had before or at least to that extent, libraries, et cetera.And suddenly there's a war on and you've got to go home. So there's that disturbance. Then there is the fact that actually he was close to Hobbes. Hobbes actually was a Malmesbury man, so Wiltshire, very near Aubrey. And had come back to visit the school where Hobbes had been, which was where Aubrey was at school. And so they had met in Aubrey's childhood, and then he would've been aware of Hobbes having to go into exile. And then Hobbes coming back, of course. And that's a very important time in his life.And it's not an accident that Hobbes asks Aubrey to write his life because Hobbes knows how careful Aubrey is. And he knows that Aubrey has information that he can convey in the life. So that is really the first life that he writes. And it's different from the others. There's a different sort of origin. And it's after he's done that, that he starts to think, well, actually, you know, I can think of at least 50, 55 other people's lives. And now I've got my hand in, I might start on those as well.So in that period of upheaval there are wonderful stories. Maybe we'll look at some of the Brief Lives, but there's this amazing story that he captures in the life of William Harvey, which is a description of Harvey having been at the battlefield in Edgehill and recording one of the people who had been fighting and wounded, surviving by having the good sense to pull a dead body on top of himself, to keep himself warm on the battlefield. Things like that, which make the war very much alive. This is brutal, this civil war. It's a long time ago and we think we passed over it, but the really brutal reality of war is captured in the Brief Lives through the anecdotes and the stories of that generation that Aubrey preserves.OLIVER: How English is he?SCURR: Well, as opposed to what?OLIVER: Welsh.SCURR: Okay. Well he goes to Wales often and is very interested in Wales. I think he sees himself as English. I think he's very invested in English customs and stories and people. He's not nationalistic in any sense like that. What he's interested in is the inherited ways of living.And he's very interested in language and different dialects. That's one of the other things; he starts to collect different words. He was very aware of the Cornish dialect, for example. So I'd say it's a very decentered England that's rooted in customs, traditions, inherited stories.And there's a big place there for both the future and the past. Huge excitement about The Royal Society, English science, what can be achieved through the sharing of knowledge. But again, Aubrey's not an insular person in that respect. So, he wished he could go on the Grand Tour when he was a student. He would really have loved to have done that. It's one of the things that he actually talked to Harvey about, going and traveling as his contemporaries, for example, John Evelyn did.But Aubrey actually says—this is very typical of Aubrey—that his mother persuaded him out of it. His mother didn't want him going off on the Grand Tour. She was afraid for him. And he regretted it later in life. But it's so typical of Aubrey that he would pay attention to his mother and her anxieties.OLIVER: This interest in the present and the past—so he loves all the history, but he's in the Royal Society. One thing I like in your book is the way he talks about, oh, my grandfather still dresses in the old ways, like he's an Elizabethan, but at the same time he's doing a very sort of Baconian project. He's influenced by Bacon. Is Aubrey a sort of paradox? Does this make sense in a way?SCURR: Only in so far as lots of other people are as well. I was just looking at the Harvey life, and there's a story there about how when Harvey was a student he was meant to be setting sail with some friends. And he's stopped and told, “No, you can't get on this boat. You have to wait.” And he says, “Well, what have I done wrong? Why can't I get on this boat?” He said, “No, honestly, we need to have a word with you. You are not going on the boat.” And then the boat sinks, everyone dies. And this is apparently because the guy who stopped him had a dream that he needed to stop Harvey going. Harvey told Aubrey that story.Harvey also is—as Aubrey sort of slightly inaccurately puts it, is the inventor of the circulation of the blood. And you think, well, that's going a little bit far, perhaps not actually the inventor, but certainly the first person to discover, to understand about circulating blood.So there's another example of someone's life includes, I wouldn't be alive unless somebody had had this premonition and dream that I was about to die. Which is from a completely different world, from the rational, scientific understanding of the body or the other scientific advances that are going on at the time.OLIVER: And Aubrey's happy to just sort of coexist with both of those because of his interest in astrology?SCURR: And not just astrology. He's very interested in astrology and nativities, as he called it. In some of the Brief Lives, you see the sort of recording of the information that would be needed to cast an astrological shape for the life.But he is also interested in the fact that people believe in fairies and ghosts. He doesn't look down on those beliefs. Nor does he say that he necessarily believes in the presence of fairies or the interventions of the supernatural. But he's got a very open mind in relation to that. And certainly being simultaneously interested in early astronomy and astrology together is, to us, very striking. But then I think it was much more normal.OLIVER: Why do you think he resisted ordination?SCURR: Because he said the cassock stinks. He considered ordination several times because he knew it would be a living, it would be a way of being able to have some income, probably not very onerous duties. Some of his friends say to him, “Come on, Aubrey, it really won't be that much work. You'll just get a curate who'll do it all, and you'll get the living, and then you won't have to be worrying all the time about your paycheck. You haven't got a paycheck. It would be a living coming to you.”And on one occasion, one of the reasons he gives for not doing that is he thinks well, what if there's another religious upheaval and I have to change sides again? What if Roman Catholicism comes back and I ended up on the wrong side of it?And, again, would it really have been that difficult to go with the flow? But I think, in his own way, he had found his way of living, which was intensely sociable. And perhaps he didn't want that constraint of being a member of the clergy around him.OLIVER: Do you think he was a nonbeliever?SCURR: Well. I don't know the answer to that. I don't think so at all. I think he probably was a straightforward Christian believer. I think perhaps he'd seen enough of the religious conflicts and wars to be afraid of fanaticism on both sides. And that would fit certainly with his relationship with Hobbes.I don't have any reason to think he's an atheist. He's got a beautiful way of writing about death and there's this wonderful line he has when he says, “God bless you and me in our in and out world.” So the fact that we refer to his works as the Brief Lives because they're short, but everybody's life is brief.And even those who live, as he did, into his 70s, it feels brief. And there's these very moving descriptions of him at funerals. I was thinking about this the other day because he often records where someone's buried. And I recently wrote my first entry for the Dictionary of National Biography. I did the one for Hilary Mantel, which was a great honor and extremely interesting.And when I came back to the Brief Lives, I thought, gosh, I wish I'd put at the end of that DNB entry where she's actually buried, that would've made sense to do that. And I didn't do it because the DNB is quite formalized; they've got their formula and you need to stick to it.But maybe I'll add it in. Because it seems to me very moving to record where people are actually buried. That would fit I think with her religious sensibility, with a regard for the afterlife, and with the rites of passage at the end of life.OLIVER: What is it that makes Aubrey such a good biographer?SCURR: So I think the modesty that is in his spirit, the noticing, the minutiae that he both notices and values and his wit. He has a sensitivity to these funny and revealing quirky stories about the people that he knows. Or he finds them in the stories he's told by people who did know them.There's an eyewitness account aspect to it as well. Or at least it's an oral history. “I was told this by . . .” He's extremely precise. He'll try to assemble the facts so far as he can, and then he'll tell you what people's close friends said about them, and he will do so very, very carefully so that you know this is a story that he's been told that he's passing on.And then he doesn't pass moral judgment. He doesn't adjudicate. And finally, he thinks of himself as doing all of this for posterity and that posterity, i.e. us or the people who come after us, will find things there and he's not going to tell them what to find. He's not going to shape the life and say, this is what you should think about it.He will give you the raw materials, he'll give you the stories, he'll give you a flavor of the details of the life, and then posterity can look there and can see, for example, the disagreements between Hobbes and Isaac Newton. There are people who've written lives of Hooke and Newton. And there are people who've written lives and you can be team Newton or team Hooke. Interestingly, Aubrey is team Hooke. He doesn't write a life of Newton. And he wants, as I said, to do well by Hooke. But his way of doing that isn't to say Mr.Hooke was fantastic and Newton robbed him of lots of his ideas. He says, let me show you, let me assemble and make a catalog, if I can, of all these hundreds of contributions that Hooke made.OLIVER: When did you discover Aubrey?SCURR: So I discovered Aubrey because I was reviewing for the LRB, The Biographer's Tale, and I had come across a really interesting—and it's still in the introduction to my book—a really interesting reflection on the difference between Aubrey and Lytton Strachey, a reflection made by Anthony Powell, and I had quoted it or alluded to it in my review. And I had gone and started to read Aubrey as a result of that. So I was led to it through reviewing, via Anthony Powell, and then into the Brief Lives.But then another very strange thing happened, which is I met for the very first time, Janet Malcolm, who is someone who became very important in my life. And because she knew or had been told that I'd written this review, she read the review before we met. And she said to me, she said, “Ruth, I read your review”—and I doubt Janet Malcolm was a massive fan of A.S. Byatt, to be absolutely honest. We never really discussed that further, but she said, “I read your review and I was really interested in this Aubrey. I was so interested in what you quoted about Aubrey and the difference between his biographical approach and Lytton Strachey.”And then it sort of stuck in my mind and suddenly as I was coming toward the end of my first book, which was a totally different book on Robespierre and the French Revolution, I just knew I wanted to write about Aubrey. And I think at the time my then-husband really thought I'd gone mad actually, because you're not supposed to do that, are you?I mean, you're supposed to stick in your period and certainly build on it. So, you know, a book on Marra or even Napoleon would've been okay, that would've made sense. But to circle back to the 17th century and write about Aubrey seemed extremely eccentric.OLIVER: Well, what was Janet Malcolm like?SCURR: Oh, Janet was absolutely wonderful. She has this reputation of being sort of terrifying. And, of course, I was extremely interested in her forensic examination of biography which we had very interesting conversations about. She was a deeply kind person, extremely nurturing of younger writers, and extremely funny as well.That's the other thing that you don't associate with her sometimes from this sort of public image of a very austere interviewer, The Journalist and the Murderer, In the Freud Archives, et cetera. Actually, she was a really warm and extremely witty person.OLIVER: A lot of historians don't think biography is real history. Why do you take biography seriously?SCURR: Well, Michael Holroyd writes Works on Paper—and I love Michael Holroyd so much. And he has this wonderful line—I won't remember it exactly—but it's about biography being the b*****d offspring of history and the novel, and both are ashamed of it.And I think some of those distinctions actually have broken down. I know lots of historians who are very interested in biographical writing. I think it depends. There are certain historical schools that maybe are not so interested in lives.And to be fair, the history of ideas is—which I belong to, and in a sense I'm a rebel from—is one of those. I remember there coming a point where I had spent so much time thinking about the constitutional ideas for the representative republic in the middle of the French Revolution, that actually the French Revolution could have been happening on Mars for all it mattered about the actual sequence of events. What mattered was the structure of the ideas.And it's difficult because the school I belong to in Cambridge wants to put the ideas into context all the time. But again, by context you don't really mean people's lives; more the discourses and the conversations and the ideas of the time that are the landscape, the intellectual landscape, if you like.So I rebelled at a certain point and I was like, well, you know, I'm actually going to go through the revolution day by day because that period is short. And I think it really matters, the lived experience there. I think many, many history books quote Aubrey with enormous respect and say, “as Aubrey says,” or, “according to Aubrey,” and pull those details forwards.I suppose some history is quite instrumental in its use of biography, so it wants to draw the reader in with a few anecdotes and a little bit of what does somebody wear on their head? And who was their first love, that kind of thing. But it's perhaps not very engaged with the real work of trying to capture the shape or the feel of a life.OLIVER: And of a temperament, right? I think one thing biography gives us is that sense that a lot of these big decisions or events in history are quite temperamental. As well as being based in ideas and events.SCURR: Oh, yeah. Absolutely.OLIVER: Your life of Aubrey, at one point you tried to write as a novel.SCURR: Yeah. I had to stop that quite fast.OLIVER: Why?SCURR: Because Aubrey is too important. I didn't want to make up things for him. As someone who's come right up to that line of the history and the novel, I do think it's very clear to be on one side or the other. And again, going back to Hilary Mantel, she wrote those wonderful Reith Lectures on historical fiction.And, like her, I think that it's not about ignoring the facts or embellishing the facts. It is about the gaps. It's about imagining what isn't in the record and should have been, and trying to reconstruct that inside the novel. But at the time, I felt that the gaps with Aubrey didn't actually matter that much.There was so much there that I could pull together to give a sense of him and his sensibility. Now actually, scholars in this field will all be very, very keen to advance our knowledge of those gaps. And that's wonderful. You know, what exactly was Aubrey doing when he visited France? You know, at the time I wrote my book that seemed very unclear.I think my colleague in Oxford, Kate Bennett, knows that now and will write her own biography. And she will fill in many of these gaps that I sort of happily included in the form that I'd found for his life because giving him that first person voice, I was able to focus on the evidence that I thought had been very underused at that point.OLIVER: Now Kate Bennett did a wonderful edition of the Brief Lives with lots of excellent footnotes and investigations. And you wrote that it gave us a new understanding of Aubrey.SCURR: Absolutely. And of the lives themselves. And Kate and I got to know each other and became friends while we were both writing our books. And people we knew before we met were very keen to sort of set us against each other. So they would wind us up. I would meet someone and they'd say, “Ruth, there you are. You've written a book about the French Revolution and now you are going to write a book about Aubrey. But don't you know there is a scholar in Oxford who spent her entire academic life working on Aubrey?” And it built up a picture of fear that you shouldn't trespass on somebody else's ground.And then people would do a sort of reverse thing to her that they would say, “Oh, Kate, gosh, you've been working a long time on Aubrey and where is your Clarendon edition after all? And did you know there's somebody in Cambridge who's going to write this popular book about Aubrey?”Anyway, finally we met at a conference and we really actually just liked each other and we decided it's fine. I was doing my thing. She's doing something very different. And we became friends, and I see that as a triumph over a sort of more traditional, maybe even dare I say, male and territorial approach to academic life and to knowledge in general actually.OLIVER: Yeah. Because the two books are great complements to each other. They're not rivalrous in that sense.SCURR: Absolutely not. Kate's book, it's not just an addition. It's as much as you can ever do. It's a reconstruction of the manuscript as Aubrey left it and intended it with all the gaps and the notes to himself to fill this in. And his changes of mind and his deletions and all of that. And so it's an astonishing thing. Because it's not just a copy of it. It takes you in, it helps you understand what he was intending with those collections, as you called them, my pretty collections.And so that edition that she had been working on for a very long time came out in 2015, the same year as my book came out. And it felt like an amazing year for Aubrey. And now, we'll be celebrating the 400th anniversary of his birth. But that year, 2015, was a very special, obviously for us, but I think for Aubrey more broadly.OLIVER: How much of an influence has Aubrey had on English biography?SCURR: As we know, there's the huge influence in terms of “Aubrey says.” Open any book on the 17th century, and it will be “Aubrey says,” “according to Aubrey,” et cetera. So a huge influence in that respect. With regard to the actual form, I think it's very, very pervasive and important, and we have to look at it very carefully.I mentioned earlier the very important difference between what Aubrey does and what Lytton Strachey did. There are some similarities in so far as Strachey will go for the vivid detail. He give you these powerful anecdotes. But actually he spins them as well.And that's what Anthony Powell so brilliantly showed. And the example was of Francis Bacon, the life of Francis Bacon who Aubrey has a description of Bacon right at the end of his life, the circumstances leading up to Bacon's death where he is on Highgate Hill and he decides to conduct an experiment to see if snow will preserve a chicken or a hen as well as salt. So he is stuffing this carcass of the hen with snow. Catches a cold, ends up having to stay with a friend, sleeps in a bed that hasn't been aired for a long time, and dies. And that's the end of Lord Bacon.So Aubrey gives us all this, and then along comes Lytton Strachey. And he takes it, and he says an old man disgraced, shattered, alone on Highgate Hill, stuffing a dead foul with snow, which makes it sound like he's lost his mind at the end of his life. And then Anthony Powell examined that and he said, look, the story of stuffing the hen with snow is Aubrey's.Bacon was certainly an old man at the time of the incident. He was disgraced. He may have been shattered. No doubt at times he was alone. But Aubrey's story of stuffing the foul on Highgate Hill shows Bacon accompanied by the king's physician, conducting a serious experiment to test the preservative properties of snow and, on becoming indisposed, finding accommodation in the house of the Earl of Arundel.And so you take that same story and, as Anthony Powell says, you combine the story, the fragment preserved by Aubrey with some epithets, and you convey an oblique point. It's a biographical method for actually building up a picture of the person. And it really matters what you do with those fragments.So I think the fact that Aubrey is pretty pure about this, he gives you the fragments and another biographer might come along and think, okay, what's going on here with Venetia Stanley and dying in her bed after drinking Viper wine? Let's build up a story about that. And there was a rumor at the time that her husband had murdered her, et cetera. Aubrey doesn't comment. He just gives you the fragment. And I think afterwards, people have not only used the fragments in their own work, but they've also developed a technique of working up those fragments into whatever picture you decide as a biographer you are going to draw.OLIVER: Now as well as a historian, you are a literary critic. You review novels. You are a Hilary Mantel admirer. Who else among the modern fiction writers do you admire?SCURR: Amongst the modern fiction writers? I'm getting quite old, Henry. Lots of my people are dead now. Alice Monroe is someone I'm extremely interested in. Hilary Manel, obviously, Beryl Bainbridge, Penelope Fitzgerald. And I love the fact Penelope Fitzgerald was a biographer simultaneously with becoming a novelist.And I was thinking back to this actually, that Charlotte Mew and Her Friends—that's the title. And then the Anthony Powell is John Aubrey and His Friends. And I was thinking, is there something about these people who have a lot of friends and the biographical genre? It's interesting.In terms of younger people writing, I just read a wonderful short story by Gwendoline Riley in the latest Paris Review. “A–Z” it's called—very disturbing. Very, very good story. And Gwendoline has a novel coming out later this year, which I shall read with enormous interest. It's going to be called Palm House. I absolutely revered George Saunders, although I haven't yet read Vigil. I'm only on Substack for George Saunders and you Henry. That's it, basically.OLIVER: That shows very good taste.SCURR: Very good taste. Yeah. And a couple of others. My friend Danielle Allen's The Renovator, I also subscribe to, but very few. But George Saunders wrote a wonderful post on his Substack about maybe a year and a half, maybe more even ago, about how he found the solution to the beginning of Lincoln in the Bardo. And he wanted to find a way to tell the story of the death of Lincoln's son. It's so typical of him—and I love this—he said he didn't want the ghosts. He knew it was going to be narrated by the ghosts in the morgue. And he couldn't have them coming home one evening saying, “Oh, you know, I just popped over the wall and had a look in through the White House window. And guess what I saw?” So how was he going to get the voices in?And then he said he'd got these extracts from the letters and from the literature that he needed. And he ended up putting them all on the floor and thinking, what order shall I put them in? And that reminded me of when I was struggling to find a way to write about Aubrey. I suddenly had the idea that I could just put them as diary entries without comment.I would sort of curate these entries and things like that. So, that was a very interesting moment for me about sort of the construction and the choices that go in both to writing a novel and to writing, in my case, a sort of experimental biography.OLIVER: So Hilary Mantel, Lincoln in the Bardo, Penelope Fitzgerald, Beryl Bainbridge—there's a lot of historical fiction here. This is the genre you most enjoy. It's been a sort of golden age for historical fiction.SCURR: But those people aren't just historical fiction writers. It's very important. They have all written historical fiction, but actually they write other novels as well. It doesn't matter the order in their careers, they go in and out of it. So I would say that actually it's those people as writers and sensibilities that attract me.Anita Brookner is another example. I love Anita Brookner's novels. I also love her book on David, the revolutionary painter, that she wrote—Jacques-Louis David—that's a fantastic book. So there's a sense in which I see them as writers and the genre of historical fiction, you are right, it does cut across, but I don't think that's what I'm following. I think I'm following what I find on the page from a particular sensibility and of course a command of language, which is in all of those cases, absolutely extraordinary.OLIVER: Because they're all quite innovative as historical novelists as well. And it's not the main part of what is recognized as their achievement in a way.SCURR: No, no.OLIVER: It's been quietly a second great period of the historical novel. It seems crazy to say Hilary Mantel is our Walter Scott, but that is quite high praise.SCURR: So I think you deal much more definitely than I do with these sort of epoch-defining ideas. I think I'm just more intermittently focused on particular things that I like. I used to do an enormous amount of reviewing. I've had to stop it because—talk about being the whetstone.I was constantly reviewing when I was in my 30s and much of my 40s actually. And I don't regret it in the least. And one of the reasons I don't regret it, especially with novels, was because I would never have read all those novels if I hadn't been reviewing them.And even some of the nonfiction, I wouldn't. But here's an example: Because I'd been reviewing so much, I ended up quite early 2007, becoming a Booker judge. And part of that process is that anyone who's been on the list before they automatically get entered by the publisher—McEwen and Barnes, et cetera. Fine.And then the publisher can put forward two books they choose and they can be anything. And then they assemble a list of so-called call-ins. And those are the books where the publisher says, “Oh, please, please call this in. I mean, we didn't make it one of our two, but we think it's absolutely amazing and you must read it.” And you think, well, if it's so amazing, what were you doing not making it one of your two. But anyway, whatever, we call it in. And on that call-in list there was actually, Anne Enright's novel, The Gathering, and that ended up winning the year I was a judge.And I knew Anne Enright's writing because I had reviewed several of her earlier books, especially one called What Are You Like?, which is quite obscure. It's not the book people think of when they think about Anne Enright. But I knew because I'd done all that time in the reviewing trenches, as it were, how extraordinary Anne Enright is as a writer. And we were able to say, well, absolutely go ahead and call this in. And then sure enough it won.OLIVER: What about biography? Modern biography? You like Michael Holroyd?SCURR: Well, we've already talked about Janet Malcolm. She's a sort of anti-biographer in some respect, sort of subversive of the entire genre. I very much like and respect Antonia Fraser's historical biographies and especially her one of Marie Antoinette which, again, came out very close to when my Robespierre book came out. And it's like seeing the other side of the story and that was absolutely extraordinary.And one of the biographies I go back to over and over again I'm extremely interested in Virginia Woolf. You are obviously a fan with The Common Reader. I was looking at it, preparing for this, that she's got this absolutely hilarious short biography of John Evelyn, and it is called Rambling Round Evelyn. Do you know it?OLIVER: Yes.SCURR: It's so beautifully constructed. It's got the butterflies landing on the dahlias pretty much throughout the actual text of the short biography. But then it's got this brilliant bit where she sort of makes fun of John Evelyn. And she says, the difference between then and now is, if we saw a red admiral, we would admire it, but we wouldn't—and this is very mean of her—we wouldn't rush into the kitchen and get a kitchen knife in order to dissect the red admiral's head. Right? It's so ridiculous and it so makes fun of Evelyn.I was listening to the podcast you made with Hermione Lee. And Hermione was saying that she thought what made Woolf such a good critic was that she was very empathetic. But I also think she's capable of that kind of sharp, wicked distance as well, where she goes, I see you, John Evelyn, you are so proud of your garden, and you're actually—looked at from my point of view—a bit of an idiot in some respects as well.OLIVER: I like her because she's so judgmental, which is not a very popular thing to say, but she is. She is really capable of saying that, you know, as long as prose will be read, Addison will be read. But on the other hand, he's boring and rambling and not very good in many ways. Absolutely cutting.SCURR: No, totally, totally. Yeah.OLIVER: What about some of the sort of big names: Richard Holmes, Claire Tomalin?SCURR: Yeah. Oh, Claire, absolutely. I mean, goodness, they've been such influences on me, both of them. Absolutely Richard and his Footsteps and then of course, and those other books, The Ratters of Lightning Ridge and then The Age of Wonder. That's so important, so wonderful.Claire, I revere, I loved and still recommend to my students her book on Mary Wollstonecraft. I also, by the way, love Virginia Woolf's essay on Mary Wollstonecraft. I think that's a different sort of thing where Woolf describes Mary Wollstonecraft pursuing her lover like a dolphin. She won't let him go. He thought he'd hooked a minnow. He wasn't expecting a dolphin to come after him. It was Mary Wollstonecraft. So, Claire Tomalin, her Peyps, Hardy, absolutely hugely important books and deeply, deeply humane actually.And that's the other thing, I think biography, by definition, you do get the sharpness of Woolf or Strachey, but I think to put someone else's life at the center of your book, that's a humane act. It's to say, no, I'm going to spend this number years of my life preserving and communicating this other person's life. And that's a very wonderful thing to do.OLIVER: What do you think of the sort of standard criticism of biography, that it's just not accurate enough? So, for example, Austen Scholars will point to various things in the Tomalin biography where she's deleted the facts or said things to make the narrative flow, but it's just not really accurate enough. The novelistic tendency overwhelms the historical one or whatever. You've obviously avoided that with various decisions you made in the Aubrey book, but as a genre.SCURR: I'd never say that. That would be a real hostage to fortune, wouldn't it?OLIVER: Well, you know what I mean?SCURR: And saying, look at, look at this—OLIVER: Page 28.SCURR: —at this piece of nonsense you introduced. Well, accuracy is extremely important. What I think about that is it all contributes to knowledge. If someone comes along and finds a mistake or wants to bring in some other evidence—And actually Kate Bennett, she does this with Aubrey as well. She says that, oh, Aubrey's really got this wrong, or he's gotten in a muddle about that. She's not saying, and therefore let's just chuck it out because it's inaccurate. You need to see this as well as that. So I think of it more as a collaborative relationship about adding to knowledge and if somebody corrects a previous book or previous claim or something, or point something, then that's fine actually.Again, going back to Holroyd, he thought that that biography was an art form constrained by the facts. So he's got a place for art in it. And I know what he means by that. And I think ultimately that's probably why I couldn't write a novel about a biographical subject because of being constrained by the facts. And yet Hilary Mantel has written many historical novels that are absolutely constrained by the facts. It's just what they're doing besides the facts, alongside the facts. So perhaps some people are going to come along and contribute other information and other people will come along and contribute some imaginative answer to the whole. And both are fine. I think we should be liberal broad church here.OLIVER: Is the genre dying?SCURR: Not so far as I'm aware. We are always doing this about genres dying, aren't we? Those things are always dying.OLIVER: People talk about biography dying a lot.SCURR: Well, perhaps they do. I haven't been listening to that. Why do they say it's dying?OLIVER: Because you can't sell these 700-page lives of people.SCURR: We can't sell most books. I mean, if we're going to go buy sales . . .OLIVER: This, yeah. Well, this story in The Times recently as well, that all the nonfiction that sells now is trash and that the serious books aren't there. And the whole civilization's dying routine.SCURR: Well if it is, we just have to carry on doing what we are doing.OLIVER: Yeah. What do you think is going to be the future of biography? Because I think more than a lot of other nonfiction genres, it's so changeable, it's so flexible. If you look at any decade, you see so much variety in structure and form. What do you think is coming next?SCURR: I'm like Aubrey; I think that's going to be for posterity to decide. As long as there are human beings, we will tell stories and we will want to tell stories about ourselves, and we will want to tell stories about the people we have loved and or hated, or the people who we think matter, for whatever reason, in science, in art, in literature. There will always be a need for the story of the human life.I think it will inevitably change enormously in ways that we couldn't possibly imagine. Just as Aubrey knew that he couldn't possibly imagine what posterity was going to make of the information that he had collected, and he didn't think that was something that he should be constrained by. He thought it was about passing it on.OLIVER: And what will Ruth Scurr do next?SCURR: I'll ask her. I think she's supposed to be writing about Rousseau and is very excited about that, but has been massively distracted by the Royal Society of Literature and becoming chair of that. So, I'm trying to pull myself back into my project. And I was very excited actually, because again, when I was looking at The Common Reader I saw Woolf refer to the Montaigne, Pepys, and Rousseau as people who had provided these spectacular portraits of themselves. And I was very excited by that. So I'm going to write a book about Rousseau and his time in England.OLIVER: Very exciting. I look forward to it. Ruth Scurr, author of John Aubrey: My Own Life, thank you very much.SCURR: Thank you, Henry. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.commonreader.co.uk

Einmal die Woche spielen Hamburgs Kunsthallen-Direktor Alexander Klar und Abendblatt-Chefredakteur Lars Haider „Ich sehe was, was du nicht siehst“ – und zwar mit einem Kunstwerk. Heute geht es um das Bild „Der Ballhausschwur“ von Jacques Louis David aus dem Jahr 1791 und die Frage, was uns die Szene heute sagen kann.

Với người Tây phương, Ngựa là biểu tượng của quyền lực, của sức mạnh và tự do. Ở một thời không quá xa xưa, Ngựa là bạn đồng hành vào sinh ra tử trên chiến trường. Thông minh, tinh tế, trung thành, Ngựa từng được xem như một phương pháp trị liệu để chữa lành những vết thương tâm lý : Ngần ấy lý do khiến con Ngựa có một chỗ đứng riêng biệt trong văn hóa dân gian, trong các truyền thống tín ngưỡng, cũng như trong văn học hay hội họa. Trong thần thoại Hy Lạp, Pegasus là con ngựa có cánh, biểu tượng của sự thanh cao và tính ưu việt. Trong những bức tranh cổ dưới nhiều triều đại phong kiến, nhất là dưới thời Phục Hưng, hình ảnh của các vị hoàng đế cưỡi ngựa thể hiện quyền lực tuyệt đối. Điển hình là tác phẩm Bonaparte franchissant le Grand-Saint-Bernard danh họa Jacques-Louis David thực hiện trong giai đoạn 1800–1803 : Tướng Bonaparte oai phong trên lưng ngựa trắng, vượt đèo Grand-Saint-Bernard trên dẫy núi Alpes, mở đường cho một chiến dịch quân sự vẻ vang viết nên huyền thoại Napoléon sau này.  Vào thời kỳ Lãng Mạn thế kỷ XVIII-XIX, những con ngựa hoang trở thành biểu tượng của sức sống nguyên sơ, của tinh thần độc lập. Đến khi mà những cỗ xe ngựa được thay bằng xe đạp, bằng xe hơi bốn bánh, bằng những đoàn tàu hỏa, Ngựa không còn là ngựa thồ hay là phương tiện di chuyển tiện lợi nhất. Từ đó chúng trở thành thú tiêu khiển của giới thượng lưu : khi thì để đi săn, lúc thì để thi thố tài năng trên các trường đua, để cá cược… Ngựa mới chỉ bầu bạn với loài người trong khoảng thời gian từ 5500-2200 năm trước Công Nguyên, không thân thiết với nhân loại như con Chó trong nhà. Điều đó không cấm cản Ngựa là nguồn cảm hứng vô tận trong văn chương. Nhà văn người Anh, William Shakespeare từng quan niệm : « Thượng Đế đã tạo ra con ngựa từ hơi thở của Gió, từ vẻ đẹp của Đất và Tâm Hồn của con Người » cho nên, con vật ấy là « hồn, là sức mạnh tự nhiên để dẫn dắt, che chở, dẫn đường cho mỗi cá nhân hay mỗi cộng đồng ». Ngựa và tính gợi cảm Dưới nhãn quan của nhà văn người Pháp, Gustave Flaubert thế kỷ XIX thì khác. Trong tiểu thuyết Madame Bovary (1857) ông không chỉ xem Ngựa là một phương tiện di chuyển và con vật tinh tế và thông minh này trước hết là ẩn dụ cho dụng vọng, là hình ảnh của những người tình được nàng Emma lý tưởng hóa. Là một thiếu nữ có học, Emma chán anh chồng hiền lành và nhạt nhẽo như Charles. Cô tìm kiếm đam mê trong vòng tay của Rodopphe và Léon. Nhưng con ngựa mà Charles cưỡi trong lần anh đi thăm con bệnh, trong lần đầu gặp nàng Emma, là « một con ngựa cái trắng già nua (...) bước đi thiếu vững vàng ». Ngựa của Charles vụng về, hiền lành, kém hấp dẫn như ông chủ của nó. Trái lại, ngựa của Rodophe hay Léon là những con tuấn mã quyến rũ và bốc lửa. Mọi người còn nhớ hình ảnh Emma lên ngựa cùng Rodolphe nhờ có sự gửi gắm của Charles. Lần này, người và ngựa xuất hiện với vẻ ngoài hấp dẫn hơn hẳn so với anh chồng tội nghiệp : « Rodolphe đến trước cửa nhà Charles với hai con ngựa sang trọng. Một con đeo chùm tua hồng ở tai và yên ngựa phụ nữ bằng da hoẵng ». Trong chuyến dã ngoại đó, « con ngựa của Emma phóng nước đại. Rodolphe phi song song bên nàng. Thỉnh thoảng họ trao đổi vài lời. Hơi cúi mặt, tay nâng cao và cánh tay phải duỗi ra, nàng buông mình theo nhịp chuyển động của yên ngựa ». Gương mặt cúi xuống cũng như « sự buông thả theo nhịp chuyển động của yên ngựa » : Bà Bovary như thể đã sẵn sàng hiến dâng. Khi đến bìa rừng, « Họ xuống ngựa. Rodolphe buộc ngựa lại. Nàng đi trước, thả bước trên lớp rêu, (…) Nhưng chiếc váy quá dài vướng víu, dù đã được vén lên. Rodolphe, bước phía sau, ngắm nhìn giữa lớp vải đen và đôi bốt đen kia phối hợp tinh tế với đôi tất trắng (…) ». Sau những lời yêu đương ngọt nào, Rodolphe thúc ép nàng. Emma sợ hãi, cô cuống cuồng đi tìm ngựa để anh phải đỡ nàng ngang hông. Rodolphe không thể chờ thêm, chàng nài nỉ và người phụ nữ trẻ cuối cùng đã chiều lòng người yêu. Cô khẽ gọi tên Rodolphe khi nghiêng minh trên vai anh… Những con ngựa ở đây như đồng lõa, đưa Emma đến với khát khao của nàng. Đôi ngựa sang trọng của họ như thông cảm và kiên nhẫn chờ đợi khoảng thời gian cần thiết cho đôi kỵ mã … Ngựa, con vật gợi tình  Ở phần hai tiểu thuyết Madame Bovary, trong vòng tay của Léon, giờ đây Emmma tìm thấy ngõ thoát, để tạm quên đi cuộc sống nhàm chán của bà. Tại thành phố Rouen, Emma và Léon hẹn nhau ở Nhà Thờ Lớn. Nàng đột nhiên bì giày vò vì cảm giác tội lỗi … Nhưng Léon thì đang nóng ruột. Anh đã vội vàng gọi một chiếc xe ngựa … Emma bị Léon đẩy vào chiếc xe vừa tới, cỗ xe bắt đầu lao khắp thành phố… Mỗi khi người đánh xe định dừng lại, một tiếng kêu từ trong xe vang lên ra lệnh cho ông ta tiếp tục. Với chút hài hước, Gustave Flaubert mô tả hành trình kỳ quặc của cỗ xe. Ông viết : « Trên bến cảng, giữa những xe thồ, những thùng hàng và mọi ngõ ngách của các con phố, người ta tròn mắt kinh ngạc trước điều quá đỗi lạ lùng ở tỉnh lẻ này. Một chiếc xe với rèm kéo kín, khép chặt như một ngôi mộ và cứ thế lao đi, chòng chành như một con tàu ». Khi tiểu thuyết được xuất bản dưới dạng đăng nhiều kỳ, một người bạn của Gustave Flaubert (Maxime Du Camp) đã từng không cho in đoạn này vì cho là quá táo bạo. Xuyên suốt cuốn tiểu thuyết, con ngựa trở thành hiện thân của người tình hoặc người chồng – tùy theo cách nhìn : những con ngựa của Léon, Emma hay Rodolphe và Charles, khi thì mềm yếu, kém quyến rũ, lúc thì lại đầy nam tính và say mê. Gustave Flaubert đã sử dụng hình tượng con ngựa không chỉ như bạn đồng hành hay phương tiện di chuyển mà như một ẩn dụ khi Emma trốn chạy trong tình yêu : Con vật gợi tình tuyệt hảo, tiếp tục phi nước đại trong những giấc mơ của nhân vật nữ chính trong truyện. Chiếc xe ngựa mà Léon đã gọi ở Rouen cuốn nàng đi xa khỏi đời sống nhàm chán và người chồng nhạt nhẽo : « Với vó câu của bốn con ngựa phi nước đại, nàng đã được cuốn đi suốt tám ngày về phía một miền đất mới, nơi họ sẽ không bao giờ trở lại. Họ cứ đi, cứ đi, tay đan vào nhau, không nói một lời (…) ». Cũng cái hình ảnh này trong tiểu thuyết Madame Bovary khiến giới yêu nghệ thuật liên tưởng đến bức tranh của họa sĩ Alfred de Dreux, một nghệ sĩ hơn Flaubert 10 tuổi, La course au baiser (Cuộc đua đến nụ hôn), được vẽ năm 1840. Trong hội họa, Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863) đâu chỉ nổi tiếng với tác phẩm Nữ Thần Tự Do dẫn đường cho dân tộc La Liberté guidant le peuple (1830). Ông còn là một trong những nghệ sĩ yêu ngựa nhất. Chẳng vậy mà ông đã để lại trên dưới một chục bức họa nổi tiếng mà nay đang được trưng bày ở những bảo tàng danh tiếng nhất thế giới như Louvre hay Musée d'Orsay … Trong đó phải kể đến Cheval sauvage terrassé par un tigre Ngựa hoang bị Hổ khống chế (1828) ; Ngựa hoảng loạn trong bão tố -Cheval effrayé par une tempête (1820) hay bức tranh sơn dầu Ngựa đánh nhau trong chuồng -Chevaux arabes se battant dans une écurie (1860)  … Chuyên vẽ động vật, Delacroix từng ghi lại : « Con người là những con hổ và chó sói bị kích động chống lẫn nhau để tự hủy diệt lẫn nhau ». Trong thế giới động vật biểu tượng của trường phái lãng mạn, Delacroix đưa vào đó tính hung bạo và mãnh liệt của những loài thú dữ bị bắt gặp trong những trận chiến sinh tử. Đó cũng là những ẩn dụ về con người. Danh họa người Pháp này là một « bậc thầy về khả năng nắm bắt nguồn năng lượng dồn nén của một con vật sắp vồ mồi », của những con dã thú bị dồn vào chân tường, tất cả đều căng tràn và sự hung hãn bị kìm nén. Delacroix đã hình dung ra một màn song đấu giữa hai con thú kiêu hãnh, Ngựa và Hổ. Đấy cũng là ẩn dụ giữa sức mạnh nguyên sơ nhưng cũng có thể được thuần hóa với một sức mạnh còn hoang dã và tàn bạo. Eugène Delacroix ở những năm 1820 đã dày công nghiên cứu về về thân hình, về vóc dáng, thần sắc … của con Ngựa để đến gần nhất với con vật đã trở thành biểu tượng của tự do và bất khuất.  Trắng, nâu hay xám … Ngựa luôn là loài thú được danh họa này yêu thích nhất nhờ tính chất cao quý và có phần cao ngạo của chúng …

Với người Tây phương, Ngựa là biểu tượng của quyền lực, của sức mạnh và tự do. Ở một thời không quá xa xưa, Ngựa là bạn đồng hành vào sinh ra tử trên chiến trường. Thông minh, tinh tế, trung thành, Ngựa từng được xem như một phương pháp trị liệu để chữa lành những vết thương tâm lý : Ngần ấy lý do khiến con Ngựa có một chỗ đứng riêng biệt trong văn hóa dân gian, trong các truyền thống tín ngưỡng, cũng như trong văn học hay hội họa. Trong thần thoại Hy Lạp, Pegasus là con ngựa có cánh, biểu tượng của sự thanh cao và tính ưu việt. Trong những bức tranh cổ dưới nhiều triều đại phong kiến, nhất là dưới thời Phục Hưng, hình ảnh của các vị hoàng đế cưỡi ngựa thể hiện quyền lực tuyệt đối. Điển hình là tác phẩm Bonaparte franchissant le Grand-Saint-Bernard danh họa Jacques-Louis David thực hiện trong giai đoạn 1800–1803 : Tướng Bonaparte oai phong trên lưng ngựa trắng, vượt đèo Grand-Saint-Bernard trên dẫy núi Alpes, mở đường cho một chiến dịch quân sự vẻ vang viết nên huyền thoại Napoléon sau này.  Vào thời kỳ Lãng Mạn thế kỷ XVIII-XIX, những con ngựa hoang trở thành biểu tượng của sức sống nguyên sơ, của tinh thần độc lập. Đến khi mà những cỗ xe ngựa được thay bằng xe đạp, bằng xe hơi bốn bánh, bằng những đoàn tàu hỏa, Ngựa không còn là ngựa thồ hay là phương tiện di chuyển tiện lợi nhất. Từ đó chúng trở thành thú tiêu khiển của giới thượng lưu : khi thì để đi săn, lúc thì để thi thố tài năng trên các trường đua, để cá cược… Ngựa mới chỉ bầu bạn với loài người trong khoảng thời gian từ 5500-2200 năm trước Công Nguyên, không thân thiết với nhân loại như con Chó trong nhà. Điều đó không cấm cản Ngựa là nguồn cảm hứng vô tận trong văn chương. Nhà văn người Anh, William Shakespeare từng quan niệm : « Thượng Đế đã tạo ra con ngựa từ hơi thở của Gió, từ vẻ đẹp của Đất và Tâm Hồn của con Người » cho nên, con vật ấy là « hồn, là sức mạnh tự nhiên để dẫn dắt, che chở, dẫn đường cho mỗi cá nhân hay mỗi cộng đồng ». Ngựa và tính gợi cảm Dưới nhãn quan của nhà văn người Pháp, Gustave Flaubert thế kỷ XIX thì khác. Trong tiểu thuyết Madame Bovary (1857) ông không chỉ xem Ngựa là một phương tiện di chuyển và con vật tinh tế và thông minh này trước hết là ẩn dụ cho dụng vọng, là hình ảnh của những người tình được nàng Emma lý tưởng hóa. Là một thiếu nữ có học, Emma chán anh chồng hiền lành và nhạt nhẽo như Charles. Cô tìm kiếm đam mê trong vòng tay của Rodopphe và Léon. Nhưng con ngựa mà Charles cưỡi trong lần anh đi thăm con bệnh, trong lần đầu gặp nàng Emma, là « một con ngựa cái trắng già nua (...) bước đi thiếu vững vàng ». Ngựa của Charles vụng về, hiền lành, kém hấp dẫn như ông chủ của nó. Trái lại, ngựa của Rodophe hay Léon là những con tuấn mã quyến rũ và bốc lửa. Mọi người còn nhớ hình ảnh Emma lên ngựa cùng Rodolphe nhờ có sự gửi gắm của Charles. Lần này, người và ngựa xuất hiện với vẻ ngoài hấp dẫn hơn hẳn so với anh chồng tội nghiệp : « Rodolphe đến trước cửa nhà Charles với hai con ngựa sang trọng. Một con đeo chùm tua hồng ở tai và yên ngựa phụ nữ bằng da hoẵng ». Trong chuyến dã ngoại đó, « con ngựa của Emma phóng nước đại. Rodolphe phi song song bên nàng. Thỉnh thoảng họ trao đổi vài lời. Hơi cúi mặt, tay nâng cao và cánh tay phải duỗi ra, nàng buông mình theo nhịp chuyển động của yên ngựa ». Gương mặt cúi xuống cũng như « sự buông thả theo nhịp chuyển động của yên ngựa » : Bà Bovary như thể đã sẵn sàng hiến dâng. Khi đến bìa rừng, « Họ xuống ngựa. Rodolphe buộc ngựa lại. Nàng đi trước, thả bước trên lớp rêu, (…) Nhưng chiếc váy quá dài vướng víu, dù đã được vén lên. Rodolphe, bước phía sau, ngắm nhìn giữa lớp vải đen và đôi bốt đen kia phối hợp tinh tế với đôi tất trắng (…) ». Sau những lời yêu đương ngọt nào, Rodolphe thúc ép nàng. Emma sợ hãi, cô cuống cuồng đi tìm ngựa để anh phải đỡ nàng ngang hông. Rodolphe không thể chờ thêm, chàng nài nỉ và người phụ nữ trẻ cuối cùng đã chiều lòng người yêu. Cô khẽ gọi tên Rodolphe khi nghiêng minh trên vai anh… Những con ngựa ở đây như đồng lõa, đưa Emma đến với khát khao của nàng. Đôi ngựa sang trọng của họ như thông cảm và kiên nhẫn chờ đợi khoảng thời gian cần thiết cho đôi kỵ mã … Ngựa, con vật gợi tình  Ở phần hai tiểu thuyết Madame Bovary, trong vòng tay của Léon, giờ đây Emmma tìm thấy ngõ thoát, để tạm quên đi cuộc sống nhàm chán của bà. Tại thành phố Rouen, Emma và Léon hẹn nhau ở Nhà Thờ Lớn. Nàng đột nhiên bì giày vò vì cảm giác tội lỗi … Nhưng Léon thì đang nóng ruột. Anh đã vội vàng gọi một chiếc xe ngựa … Emma bị Léon đẩy vào chiếc xe vừa tới, cỗ xe bắt đầu lao khắp thành phố… Mỗi khi người đánh xe định dừng lại, một tiếng kêu từ trong xe vang lên ra lệnh cho ông ta tiếp tục. Với chút hài hước, Gustave Flaubert mô tả hành trình kỳ quặc của cỗ xe. Ông viết : « Trên bến cảng, giữa những xe thồ, những thùng hàng và mọi ngõ ngách của các con phố, người ta tròn mắt kinh ngạc trước điều quá đỗi lạ lùng ở tỉnh lẻ này. Một chiếc xe với rèm kéo kín, khép chặt như một ngôi mộ và cứ thế lao đi, chòng chành như một con tàu ». Khi tiểu thuyết được xuất bản dưới dạng đăng nhiều kỳ, một người bạn của Gustave Flaubert (Maxime Du Camp) đã từng không cho in đoạn này vì cho là quá táo bạo. Xuyên suốt cuốn tiểu thuyết, con ngựa trở thành hiện thân của người tình hoặc người chồng – tùy theo cách nhìn : những con ngựa của Léon, Emma hay Rodolphe và Charles, khi thì mềm yếu, kém quyến rũ, lúc thì lại đầy nam tính và say mê. Gustave Flaubert đã sử dụng hình tượng con ngựa không chỉ như bạn đồng hành hay phương tiện di chuyển mà như một ẩn dụ khi Emma trốn chạy trong tình yêu : Con vật gợi tình tuyệt hảo, tiếp tục phi nước đại trong những giấc mơ của nhân vật nữ chính trong truyện. Chiếc xe ngựa mà Léon đã gọi ở Rouen cuốn nàng đi xa khỏi đời sống nhàm chán và người chồng nhạt nhẽo : « Với vó câu của bốn con ngựa phi nước đại, nàng đã được cuốn đi suốt tám ngày về phía một miền đất mới, nơi họ sẽ không bao giờ trở lại. Họ cứ đi, cứ đi, tay đan vào nhau, không nói một lời (…) ». Cũng cái hình ảnh này trong tiểu thuyết Madame Bovary khiến giới yêu nghệ thuật liên tưởng đến bức tranh của họa sĩ Alfred de Dreux, một nghệ sĩ hơn Flaubert 10 tuổi, La course au baiser (Cuộc đua đến nụ hôn), được vẽ năm 1840. Trong hội họa, Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863) đâu chỉ nổi tiếng với tác phẩm Nữ Thần Tự Do dẫn đường cho dân tộc La Liberté guidant le peuple (1830). Ông còn là một trong những nghệ sĩ yêu ngựa nhất. Chẳng vậy mà ông đã để lại trên dưới một chục bức họa nổi tiếng mà nay đang được trưng bày ở những bảo tàng danh tiếng nhất thế giới như Louvre hay Musée d'Orsay … Trong đó phải kể đến Cheval sauvage terrassé par un tigre Ngựa hoang bị Hổ khống chế (1828) ; Ngựa hoảng loạn trong bão tố -Cheval effrayé par une tempête (1820) hay bức tranh sơn dầu Ngựa đánh nhau trong chuồng -Chevaux arabes se battant dans une écurie (1860)  … Chuyên vẽ động vật, Delacroix từng ghi lại : « Con người là những con hổ và chó sói bị kích động chống lẫn nhau để tự hủy diệt lẫn nhau ». Trong thế giới động vật biểu tượng của trường phái lãng mạn, Delacroix đưa vào đó tính hung bạo và mãnh liệt của những loài thú dữ bị bắt gặp trong những trận chiến sinh tử. Đó cũng là những ẩn dụ về con người. Danh họa người Pháp này là một « bậc thầy về khả năng nắm bắt nguồn năng lượng dồn nén của một con vật sắp vồ mồi », của những con dã thú bị dồn vào chân tường, tất cả đều căng tràn và sự hung hãn bị kìm nén. Delacroix đã hình dung ra một màn song đấu giữa hai con thú kiêu hãnh, Ngựa và Hổ. Đấy cũng là ẩn dụ giữa sức mạnh nguyên sơ nhưng cũng có thể được thuần hóa với một sức mạnh còn hoang dã và tàn bạo. Eugène Delacroix ở những năm 1820 đã dày công nghiên cứu về về thân hình, về vóc dáng, thần sắc … của con Ngựa để đến gần nhất với con vật đã trở thành biểu tượng của tự do và bất khuất.  Trắng, nâu hay xám … Ngựa luôn là loài thú được danh họa này yêu thích nhất nhờ tính chất cao quý và có phần cao ngạo của chúng …

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"We all love Thomas Paine. We just wish we liked him." — Jonathan TurleyJonathan Turley's new book asks a deceptively simple question: why did the American Revolution become the longest-running successful democracy while the French Revolution devoured itself? The answer, he argues, lies in Madison's "auxiliary precautions" — constitutional safeguards designed not to eliminate rage but to channel it. Turley draws a direct line from Robespierre to today's calls to pack the Supreme Court and abolish the Senate, warning that removing those precautions invites the same mobocracy that sent the Jacobins to the guillotine. But the real provocation comes in the book's second half: with AI and robotics threatening mass unemployment, America may soon face a "kept population" — citizens subsidized by the state who lose their vital relationship to productivity and self-governance. We discuss Thomas Paine (brilliant about humanity, clueless about humans), why rage itself isn't the enemy, and whether the republic built to handle the 18th century can survive the 21st.About the GuestJonathan Turley is the Shapiro Professor of Public Interest Law at George Washington University Law School. A legal analyst for CBS, NBC, BBC, and Fox News over three decades, he is the author of The Indispensable Right (a bestseller) and the new Rage and the Republic: The Unfinished Story of the American Revolution.Chapters:00:01:14 The uniqueness of the American RevolutionTwo revolutions, two outcomes; Thomas Paine and James Madison as the twin geniuses00:03:53 Paine vs. Madison on democracyPaine wanted direct democracy; it nearly got him guillotined in France00:05:54 Robespierre's transformationThe ACLU lawyer who came to believe "terror is virtue"00:09:01 Thomas Paine: the penman of the revolutionFrom complete failure to revolutionary genius in two years00:11:46 Slavery and the revolution's contradictionsWhy people preferred Jefferson to Paine00:15:43 Franklin's greatest achievementSeeing something in "that heap of human wreckage"00:18:07 What was unique about American rageNot the rage itself, but the system designed to handle it00:25:08 The "New Jacobins"Calls to pack the Supreme Court and abolish the Senate00:26:40 Rage on both sides"Your rage is righteous, their rage is dangerous"00:30:47 AI and the "kept population"Mass unemployment and the citizen's relationship to the state00:39:26 "Gynan" jobsHomocentric industries like psychiatry and education that AI can't replace00:45:00 Why the American Republic is still the best modelDecentralization over EU-style centralizationReferencesFigures discussed:Thomas Paine — arrived in America "barely alive," became the penman of the revolution in two yearsJames Madison — designed the "auxiliary precautions" that prevented American democracy from devouring itselfBenjamin Franklin — paid for Paine's passage to America, saw genius in "that heap of human wreckage"Maximilien Robespierre — began as an advocate for due process, ended declaring "terror is virtue"Jean-Paul Marat — radical journalist, killed by Corday in his bathtub (he bathed constantly due to a skin disease)Charlotte Corday — Republican who assassinated Marat; Robespierre and Danton watched her executionGeorges Danton — joined the moderate Girondin wing; executed by the revolution he helped createArt:The Death of Marat (1793) — Jacques-Louis David's painting of Marat's assassination; David was himself a JacobinHistorical events:The Battle of Fort Wilson (1779) — Philadelphia mob attacked founder James Wilson's home; several killedThe Reign of Terror (1793–94) — nearly all Jacobin leaders guillotined, including Danton and RobespierreBooks mentioned:The Wealth of Nations (1776) — Adam Smith; embraced by the founders as "the perfect companion to their political theory"The Federalist Papers (1787–88) — Hamilton, Madison, and JayAbout Keen On America Nobody asks more impertinent questions than the Anglo-American writer, filmmaker and Silicon Valley entrepreneur Andrew Keen. In Keen On America , Andrew brings his sharp Transatlantic wit to the forces reshaping the United States — hosting daily interviews with leading thinkers and writers about American history, politics, technology, culture, and business. With nearly 2,800 episodes since the show launched on TechCrunch in 2010, Keen On America is the most prolific intellectual interview show in the history of podcasting.WebsiteSubstackYouTubeApple PodcastsSpotify

In this episode we go over the famous painting: The Death of Marat, painted by French Revolutionary artist Jacques-Louis David. Was the art a form of propaganda, or was David simply mourning his friend? We answer many questions as well as give our own thought on the painting during the episode. Tune in to find out the history and background of this beautiful historic painting.

In this episode, we explore the historical and artistic story behind the death of Jean-Paul Marat, examining the roles of Charlotte Corday and artist Jacques-Louis David. Our discussion considers how David's famous painting presents Marat as a near-angelic figure and questions whether this portrayal reflects reality or political intention. We also debate whether Charlotte Corday should be understood solely as a murderer or viewed within a broader revolutionary context. Through close visual analysis, we examine the use of color, composition, and symbolism within the painting. This conversation invites listeners to reconsider how art shapes historical memory and influences moral judgment.

HEADLINE: Cotton, Contraband, and the Invention of the Handbag GUEST AUTHOR: Anne HigonnetSUMMARY: Higonnet details the material revolution where aristocratic silk was replaced by Indian cotton, a "revolutionary fabric" that allowed painters like Jacques-Louis David to visualize the natural female body. This silhouette necessitated the invention of the modern handbag, as the new slim dresses lacked the space for pockets hidden in traditional voluminous skirts. Josephine further defined the era by popularizing the cashmere shawl and inventing the tiara using Italian cameos. Meanwhile, Juliette Récamier adopted a rigorous all-white aesthetic to symbolize revolutionary purity, sparking a British frenzy to both mock and copy French fashions.11807 JOSEPHINE

durée : 00:59:12 - Allons-y voir ! - par : Patrick Boucheron - « C'est le dernier tableau que je veux faire, mais je veux m'y surpasser », écrivait David à propos de Mars désarmé par Vénus (1824), alors qu'en son exil à Bruxelles il assistait au retour de tout ce contre quoi il s'était élevé. Après la fin de l'héroïsme, comment achever son œuvre en beauté ? - réalisation : Sam Baquiast - invités : Sébastien Allard Conservateur général du Patrimoine, Directeur du département des Peintures du musée du Louvre; François-René Martin; Mathieu Potte-Bonneville Philosophe et directeur du département Culture et création du Centre Pompidou

O Louvre busca ampliar suas receitas a qualquer custo. O icônico museu vai aumentar em 45% o preço do ingresso para visitantes de fora da Europa em 2026. A partir de 14 de janeiro, os visitantes que não pertencem ao Espaço Econômico Europeu (EEE), que inclui União Europeia, Islândia, Liechtenstein e Noruega, terão de pagar € 32 para percorrer os 73 mil metros quadrados do museu, € 10 a mais do que o valor atual.  Questionada pela RFI, a assessoria do Louvre confirmou que a entrada de acesso às galerias passará a ter controle de documentos. A medida, aprovada pelo conselho de administração do museu, tem como objetivo “reforçar a receita” da instituição, uma das mais visitadas do mundo. A decisão do Louvre se estende a outros locais muito visitados, dentro e fora da capital francesa. A partir da próxima quarta-feira (14), os ingressos ficarão mais caros para o mesmo público nos Castelos de Versalhes e de Chambord, e na igreja Saint-Chapelle, em Paris. O curador alemão e diretor da Pinacoteca de São Paulo, Jochen Volz, comentou esse reajuste nos preços do museu mais visitado do mundo. “A questão dos valores cobrados como ingresso para museus é sempre uma discussão muito delicada. É importante analisá-la em conjunto com as políticas de gratuidade, meia-entrada e parcerias. Na Pinacoteca de São Paulo, por exemplo, aproximadamente 78% do público entra se beneficiando de gratuidade. Ainda assim, a bilheteria é, para nós e para todos os museus, uma fonte de receita importante”, analisou. “Entendo que o Louvre, pelo que se espera, terá um aumento de receita de aproximadamente € 17,5 milhões por ano. Esse é um valor significativo para a manutenção do museu e para a gestão de seus acervos. Cobrar um valor diferenciado para turistas é uma forma de se beneficiar da fama do Louvre como destino. Ao mesmo tempo em que se preserva um certo nível de acessibilidade para usuários frequentes locais, estudiosos, estudantes e públicos regionais, que potencialmente visitam o museu com uma frequência muito maior”, sublinhou Volz.  Quem vai pagar mais caro? Os principais grupos de visitantes estrangeiros que devem pagar mais pela entrada no Louvre – e nas demais instituições afetadas pelo reajuste – são os norte‑americanos, que representam o maior contingente, seguidos pelos chineses. Os brasileiros aparecem na sétima posição entre os visitantes extraeuropeus e também serão impactados pela medida. A sindicalista francesa Nathalie Ramos foi uma das principais vozes entre aquelas que denunciaram as condições precárias de trabalho e a falta de respostas satisfatórias da direção do museu e das autoridades, durante uma recente greve no Louvre. Sobre o aumento do preço dos ingressos, ela denunciou uma política “discriminatória”, que “fere princípios de acesso e de universalismo cultural”, agravando ainda mais a imagem do museu. “A imagem do Louvre não é muito gloriosa no momento. Entre essa ideia que queremos dar do maior museu do mundo, que quer implantar projetos gigantescos, e a realidade dos meios de que dispomos, existe um enorme abismo”, disse. O galerista Philippe Mendes, um dos mais influentes de Paris e administrador de um espaço no Louvre dedicado a obras portuguesas, opinou sobre a tentativa institucional da presidente do museu, Laurence des Cars, de salvar o plano do Louvre para 2030. “O museu está em uma situação muito tensa. Acho que o ambiente interno não é nada bom, porque o que aconteceu – roubo espetacular, seguido de greve – foi muito grave. E, quando há algo assim, espera-se sempre que algumas responsabilidades sejam apuradas”, disse à RFI. Leia tambémRoubo milionário no Louvre poderia ter sido evitado, aponta relatório de segurança ignorado pela direção “Além disso, o Ministério da Cultura nomeou um homem para administrar o Louvre. Ele não é militar, mas trabalhou para o Ministério da Defesa e nas obras da catedral de Notre-Dame, inclusive durante o restauro. Isso também é um sinal muito forte de que [a presidente da instituição] Laurence des Cars precisa ser mantida onde está. Para não deixá-la de fora, encontraram alguém que agora vai tentar reestruturar o Louvre, uma espécie de tutela para dar continuidade a esse grande projeto, que é o projeto 2030”, afirmou Mendes. A artista Laura Lima, um dos nomes brasileiros mais proeminentes das artes visuais no mundo e atualmente em cartaz no Instituto de Artes Contemporâneas de Londres (ICA), tem uma opinião clara sobre o assunto. “Todos os museus deviam ser como as praças públicas, abertas para todo e qualquer tipo de pessoa e origem”, declarou Lima, que, ao lado de Ernesto Neto e Márcio Bottner, é uma das fundadoras da galeria Gentil Carioca, no Rio de Janeiro.  Pesquisadora em cinema e acostumada a visitar museus em várias partes do globo, a brasileira Luíza Alvim lembrou que o Louvre não é um caso isolado na cobrança de ingressos diferenciados para estrangeiros. “Eu viajo por diversos lugares do mundo, e essa diferenciação de preço não é exclusiva do que está se tentando fazer no Louvre. Isso existiu e existe na Costa Rica, no Egito, mas acho extremamente problemático pelo seguinte: essa diferenciação, embora proteja de certa forma o cidadão do país – que pode ter um acesso mais fácil –, prejudica pessoas de países que são mais pobres, cujos cidadãos também são pobres”, disse.  Leia também'Roubo do século' no Louvre escancara falhas na segurança; diretora terá que se explicar no Senado “Isso já é problemático porque, por exemplo, no caso da Costa Rica, nós somos latino-americanos e também somos pobres. Recebemos em uma moeda fraca e pagamos o mesmo preço de quem recebe em uma moeda forte, em euro ou em dólar. O mais absurdo da situação que se está tentando implementar no Louvre é que um país de moeda forte está tentando proteger pessoas que recebem em moeda forte e prejudicar pessoas que recebem em moeda fraca”, completou Alvim. O Louvre continua sendo um dos museus mais frequentados do mundo, com quase 9 milhões de visitantes em 2024, e o público estrangeiro representa a maioria das entradas, variando entre 69% e 77% do total. Controle de passaportes Em nome do “universalismo” do Louvre e do “acesso igualitário” às suas coleções, sindicatos franceses criticaram unanimemente o aumento dos ingressos para não europeus. “O argumento de que a reforma do prédio justifica o fim de dois séculos de universalismo no Louvre não nos convence”, afirmou o sindicato SUD. Segundo a CGT, essa nova tabela de preços fará com que os residentes de fora do EEE “paguem caro, consolidando o desengajamento do Estado, para visitar um museu em condições precárias”. “O público afetado verá isso como uma forma de discriminação”, afirmou Valérie Baud, delegada da CFDT. As organizações sindicais, que há tempos denunciam a falta crônica de pessoal, também alertam para o aumento da carga de trabalho que a nova política de preços deve impor aos funcionários, responsáveis por verificar a nacionalidade dos visitantes. “Não esquecemos a sobrecarga de trabalho que isso vai gerar para as equipes”, advertiu o sindicato SUD. Acesso a alas do museu terá verificação de documentos Procurada pela RFI para esta reportagem, a assessoria de imprensa do Museu do Louvre informou que “os visitantes que se enquadrarem na tarifa do Espaço Econômico Europeu (EEE) poderão ser verificados nos acessos externos e na entrada das alas Denon, Sully e Richelieu”. No Louvre, a ala Denon abriga obras mundialmente famosas, como a Mona Lisa, de Leonardo da Vinci, ** A Liberdade Guiando o Povo, de Eugène Delacroix**, e ** A Coroação de Napoleão, de Jacques-Louis David**, além de importantes coleções de pinturas italianas e francesas dos séculos 16 ao 19. A ala Sully concentra as antiguidades egípcias, com sarcófagos, múmias e esculturas, além de peças do Oriente Médio, esculturas gregas e romanas, como a Vênus de Milo, e coleções medievais e renascentistas francesas. Já a ala Richelieu apresenta esculturas francesas dos séculos 17 e 18, coleções do Oriente Médio, os apartamentos históricos do palácio e uma variedade de moedas, medalhas e objetos de artes decorativas. Os cidadãos do EEE deverão apresentar um documento de identidade válido com foto – como carteira de identidade, passaporte ou carteira de motorista. Já os residentes do bloco precisarão comprovar identidade e residência de longa duração, por meio de um documento válido com foto, como visto com validade superior a três meses ou cartão de residência.

durée : 01:30:50 - Les Nuits de France Culture - par : Albane Penaranda - En interrogeant quelques-unes des toiles emblématiques des différentes époques de sa longue carrière, ce voyage dans la vie et l'œuvre de David dessine le portrait d'un artiste/acteur d'un moment de l'histoire où le monde basculait. (1ère diffusion : 29/04/2001) - réalisation : Rafik Zénine - invités : Gérard Fromanger Peintre; Alain Jouffroy Poète, écrivain et critique d'art français; Jean-Paul Bertaud; Régis Michel; Marie-Paule Vial Directrice du Musée de l'Orangerie, co-commissaire de l'exposition Gino Severini

durée : 00:58:43 - Toute une vie - par : Romain Weber - On l'a appelé le Raphaël des temps modernes puis le tyran des arts. Metteur en scène de la Révolution, rouage de la Terreur, Premier peintre de l'Empereur : David, abîmes et sommets d'une âme trouble dans une époque tourmentée. - réalisation : Julie Beressi

Maître incontesté du néoclassicisme, Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825) continue deux siècles après sa mort d'impressionner les visiteurs du Louvre par ses toiles magistrales, en particulier l'Enlèvement des Sabines et Léonidas aux Thermopyles. D'abord disciple du peintre de cour François Boucher, il refuse très tôt de servir une académie qu'il juge empesée, pour s'engager dans des compositions radicales. Républicain intransigeant, il esquisse le Serment du Jeu de Paume et prononce des discours enflammés à la tribune. Après avoir été élu président à la Convention au début de l'année 1794, il parvient à échapper à l'échafaud en Thermidor et se voit enfermé à deux reprises. Sa rencontre avec Bonaparte au cours de la campagne d'Italie l'engage à servir le nouvel homme fort, pour lequel il réalise ses plus grands chefs-d'oeuvre - Passage du Grand Saint-Bernard, Sacre de Napoléon, Distribution des Aigles -, accompagnés d'une importante série de portraits officiels. Contemporain d'Olympe de Gouges ou du chimiste Berthollet, aîné de vingt et un ans de Napoléon, David aura marqué le tournant du siècle. La fin de sa vie, en exil à Bruxelles, n'aura pas altéré son prestige auprès d'une génération de disciples qui prolongeront son enseignement avec conviction.David Chanteranne est notre invité en studio pour les Interviews HistoireHébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Cuore l'innamorato della scrittrice statunitense Lily King è una storia d'amore che trascende il genere romance per parlare di letteratura, di ambizioni e del passare del tempo. Il Louvre di Parigi dedica una grande retrospettiva al pittore neoclassico Jacques-Louis David in occasione del bicentenario della sua morte. The teacher della regista anglo-palestinese Farah Nabulsi è un ambizioso film drammatico che racconta la situazione della Cisgiordania attraverso diverse storie che s'intrecciano tra loro. Il musicista brasiliano Chico Buarque, negli anni cinquanta, visse per un periodo a Roma con la sua famiglia. In una sua nuova autobiografia romanzata, Bambino a Roma, ricostruisce quegli anni di meraviglia e di scoperta. CONValentina Pigmei, giornalista che collabora con InternazionaleGiuliano Milani, storico che cura la rubrica Non fiction su InternazionaleCatherine Cornet, giornalista e arabista che collabora con InternazionaleAlberto Riva, giornalista e scrittore che collabora con InternazionaleCuore l'innamorato: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqNuOYAZUv0Jacques-Louis David: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQB9zbsaWo8The teacher: https://theteacher.film/Chico Buarque: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-coyF73NBjgCi piacerebbe sapere cosa pensi di questo episodio. Scrivici a podcast@internazionale.it Se ascolti questo podcast e ti piace, abbonati a Internazionale. È un modo concreto per sostenerci e per aiutarci a garantire ogni giorno un'informazione di qualità. Vai su internazionale.it/abbonatiConsulenza editoriale di Chiara NielsenProduzione di Claudio Balboni e Vincenzo De SimoneMusiche di Tommaso Colliva e Raffaele ScognaDirezione creativa di Jonathan Zenti

L'émission 28 minutes du 03/12/2025 Expo David au Louvre : l'ami de Marat devenu peintre de NapoléonJusqu'au 26 janvier prochain, il est possible de contempler l'immensité de l'œuvre de Jacques-Louis David, célèbre peintre néoclassique français, au musée du Louvre. Peintre officiel de Napoléon Bonaparte, il est également connu pour son engagement politique, notamment pendant la Révolution française. "La Mort de Marat", "Le serment des Horaces" ou encore les premières ébauches du "Serment du Jeu de paume" sont exhibés dans cette exposition dont Sébastien Allard, directeur du département des peintures du musée du Louvre, est le co-commissaire. Il est notre invité ce soir. De la méritocratie à “l'héritocratie” : un point de bascule inéluctable en France ?Le Conseil des prélèvements obligatoires, institution indépendante associée à la Cour des comptes, préconise de réformer en profondeur la fiscalité du patrimoine, dans son dernier rapport publié lundi 1er décembre. En 2024, les impôts sur le patrimoine ont représenté 113 milliards d'euros. Cette imposition est jugée peu efficace par l'institution au regard des objectifs de politique publique auxquels elle est censée contribuer. Aujourd'hui en France, la fortune héritée représente 60 % du patrimoine des Français. D'ici à 2040, 9 000 milliards d'euros de patrimoine seront transmis, presque trois fois le montant de la dette publique actuelle. On en débat avec Marie Gariazzo, directrice de l'Observatoire Société et Consommation (ObSoCo), Olivier Babeau, économiste, président-fondateur de l'Institut Sapiens et Arthur Jatteau, professeur des universités en sociologie et économie à l'Université Paris Nanterre.Enfin, Xavier Mauduit revient sur les relations diplomatiques entre la Chine et l'Europe alors qu'Emmanuel Macron est attendu à Pékin aujourd'hui. Marie Bonnisseau glisse sur la polémique de Pesaro, petit village italien, qui vient d'installer une patinoire emprisonnant la statue de Pavarotti, célèbre ténor à la renommée internationale.   28 minutes est le magazine d'actualité d'ARTE, présenté par Élisabeth Quin du lundi au jeudi à 20h05. Renaud Dély est aux commandes de l'émission le vendredi et le samedi. Ce podcast est coproduit par KM et ARTE Radio. Enregistrement 3 décembre 2025 Présentation Élisabeth Quin Production KM, ARTE Radio

El emblemático cuadro de Jacques-Louis David muestra al revolucionario francés Jean-Paul Marat sin vida, tras ser apuñalado en su bañera el 13 de julio de 1793. La obra esconde numerosos simbolismos.

durée : 00:52:50 - Répliques - par : Alain Finkielkraut - L'exposition "Jacques‑Louis David", qui marque le bicentenaire de la mort de l'artiste en 1825, se tient au Musée du Louvre depuis le 15 octobre. Alain Finkielkraut reçoit Stéphane Guégan et Patrice Gueniffey pour explorer l'œuvre et le parcours du peintre, de la Révolution française à l'Empire. - réalisation : Alexandra Malka - invités : Patrice Gueniffey Historien, directeur d'études à l'EHESS; Stéphane Guégan Historien, critique d'art, Conseiller scientifique auprès de la Présidence du musée d'Orsay et du musée de l'Orangerie.

Our discussion dives into why Marat's assassination became more than a political event — it became a visual myth. We examine how Jacques-Louis David used light, composition, and symbolism to turn a moment of brutality into a scene of almost spiritual calm. Jeanette and Javier unpack the motivations of both Marat and Corday, along with the ethical challenges of beautifying violence. This episode asks whether art can change how we judge historical figures, and what is gained or lost when truth is softened. Listeners will gain a deeper understanding of how art and politics shape each other.

In this episode, we explored the murder of Jean-Paul Marat, and unraveled the painting made by Jacques-Louis David, who detailed the scene in an aesthetically dramatic light. Our group discussed the origin behind the painting, the scheming behind the murder and the aftermath of it. We hope you enjoy listening to our discussion, just as much as we enjoyed unraveling it.

En 1816, Jacques-Louis David quitte la France, banni pour avoir trop peint l'Histoire. Un retrait volontaire… mais pas sans éclats.Mention légales : Vos données de connexion, dont votre adresse IP, sont traités par Radio Classique, responsable de traitement, sur la base de son intérêt légitime, par l'intermédiaire de son sous-traitant Ausha, à des fins de réalisation de statistiques agréées et de lutte contre la fraude. Ces données sont supprimées en temps réel pour la finalité statistique et sous cinq mois à compter de la collecte à des fins de lutte contre la fraude. Pour plus d'informations sur les traitements réalisés par Radio Classique et exercer vos droits, consultez notre Politique de confidentialité.Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

This episode explores the hidden politics behind The Death of Marat. We examine how Jacques-Louis David turned a violent murder into a beautiful symbol of revolutionary sacrifice — and what that means for truth, propaganda, and the power of art.

This episode explores the political chaos of the French Revolution and howit shaped the assassination of Jean-Pual Marat. We break down Marat's rolein radical politics, Charlotte Corday's motives, and the shocking way shecarried out the murder. We also analyze Jacques-Louis David's iconicpainting and how it turned Marat into a marty-like symbol, The team and Iwill discuss how art can manipulate politics, emotions and public memory

In this episode, we go into a deep dive on Jacques‑Louis David's The Death of Marat. Our group discusses how Jean‑Paul Marat's ideals and Charlotte Corday's defiance turned into one of the French Revolution's most dramatic moments. It explains how David turned an assassination into an image of a vulnerability. Join us for a conversation of exploring beauty, propaganda, and ethics in art!

En 1816, Jacques-Louis David quitte la France, banni pour avoir trop peint l'Histoire. Un retrait volontaire… mais pas sans éclats. Mention légales : Vos données de connexion, dont votre adresse IP, sont traités par Radio Classique, responsable de traitement, sur la base de son intérêt légitime, par l'intermédiaire de son sous-traitant Ausha, à des fins de réalisation de statistiques agréées et de lutte contre la fraude. Ces données sont supprimées en temps réel pour la finalité statistique et sous cinq mois à compter de la collecte à des fins de lutte contre la fraude. Pour plus d'informations sur les traitements réalisés par Radio Classique et exercer vos droits, consultez notre Politique de confidentialité.Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

durée : 00:27:39 - Les Midis de Culture - par : Marie Labory - Aujourd'hui, au menu de notre débat critique, des expositions avec "Jacques-Louis David" au Musée du Louvre & "Berthe Weill. Galeriste d'avant-garde" à l'Orangerie - réalisation : Laurence Malonda - invités : Sally Bonn Maître de conférence en esthétique à l'Université Picardie Jules Verne, auteure, critique d'art et commissaire d'exposition.; Stéphane Corréard Editorialiste au Journal des Arts

durée : 00:14:33 - Les Midis de Culture - par : Marie Labory - De la Révolution à l'Empire, Jacques-Louis David a peint les héros, les ruptures et les passions d'un siècle en fièvre. Entre rigueur et ferveur, il a fait du tableau une scène d'histoire. Le musée du Louvre rend hommage à celui dont les images continuent de hanter notre imaginaire collectif. - réalisation : Laurence Malonda - invités : Stéphane Corréard Editorialiste au Journal des Arts; Sally Bonn Maître de conférence en esthétique à l'Université Picardie Jules Verne, auteure, critique d'art et commissaire d'exposition.

durée : 00:05:51 - Classic & Co - par : Anna Sigalevitch - "La lame et le pinceau" par Benjamin Lazar et Arnaud Marzorati avec l'ensemble Les Lunaisiens, un spectacle qui se jouera du 7 au 9 novembre à l'Auditorium du Louvre et qui s'inscrit dans le cycle musical en lien avec la grande exposition consacrée à Jacques-Louis David. Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les autres épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France.

Napoleon Crossing the Alps https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Crossing_the_Alps Physicist Discover Hidden Rules of Life https://youtu.be/Lj8NZLj3cWE?si=4I2mZFvF9LZUPk7v Life expectancy gains have slowed sharply, study finds https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/10/251026021749.htm Elon Musk launches a Wikipedia rival that extols his own ‘vision' https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2025/10/27/grokipedia-wikipedia-musk-/ Art as Propaganda: Great Art Explained: Napoleon Crossing the Alps by Jacques-Louis David https://youtu.be/Bgo6H0tzszA?si=QjmUtCKVvPYOb1wx How Do Bacteria Talk To Each Other? https://pca.st/qt9tsg24 ... Read more The post arte como propaganda, qual geração vai viver mais? bactérias raciocinam! appeared first on radinho de pilha.

En déplacement au Moyen-Orient, Donald Trump met en scène sa victoire diplomatique Après des débuts timides, l'Expo universelle d'Osaka remporte un grand succès populaire Sébastien Lecornu suspend la réforme des retraites La France rurale confrontée à la disparition progressive de ses pharmacies Le Louvre célèbre l'œuvre de Jacques-Louis David

Invité : - David Chanteranne, historien, pour "Jacques-Louis David, l'empereur des peintres" chez Passés/composés, à l'occasion de l'exposition David au Louvre Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Invités : - Laurent Alexandre pour  "Ne faites plus d'études", co-écrit avec Olivier Babeau, chez Buchet-Chastel  - Jean-Louis Beaucarnot pour son "Dictionnaire amoureux de la généalogie" chez Plon  - David Chanteranne, historien, pour "Jacques-Louis David, l'empereur des peintres" chez Passés/composés, à l'occasion de l'exposition David au Louvre Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Art historian T.J. Clark began his academic career with two groundbreaking works on the art of mid-nineteenth century France, expounding materialist theory of art that has remained his watchword for five decades, with books on Poussin, Cézanne, Picasso and modernism.  Those Passions: On Art and Politics (Thames and Hudson) distils a lifetime's work through a series of case studies, from Hieronymus Bosch to Jacques-Louis David and the French Revolution, from Walter Benjamin to Pier Paolo Pasolini, exploring how art has always responded to the often chaotic and dangerous circumstances of its creation. Clark was joined in conversation about his life and work by Caroline Arscott, Emeritus Professor of the History of Art at the Courtauld Institute. More from the Bookshop: Discover our author of the month, book of the week and more: ⁠https://lrb.me/bkshppod⁠ From the LRB: Subscribe to the LRB: ⁠⁠⁠https://lrb.me/subsbkshppod Close Readings podcast: ⁠⁠https://lrb.me/crbkshppod LRB Audiobooks: ⁠⁠https://lrb.me/audiobooksbkshppod Bags, binders and more at the LRB Store: ⁠⁠https://lrb.me/storebkshppod Get in touch: podcasts@lrb.co.uk

 Chef de file des néo-classiques sous l'Ancien Régime, peintre emblématique de l'Empire,  Jacques-Louis David fut aussi – on le sait moins – un révolutionnaire enragé.    Mention légales : Vos données de connexion, dont votre adresse IP, sont traités par Radio Classique, responsable de traitement, sur la base de son intérêt légitime, par l'intermédiaire de son sous-traitant Ausha, à des fins de réalisation de statistiques agréées et de lutte contre la fraude. Ces données sont supprimées en temps réel pour la finalité statistique et sous cinq mois à compter de la collecte à des fins de lutte contre la fraude. Pour plus d'informations sur les traitements réalisés par Radio Classique et exercer vos droits, consultez notre Politique de confidentialité.Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

ادامه میدیم داستان ناپلئون رو، این بار همراه با تابلوهای ژاک لویی داوید از اوج و مراسم تاج گذاری او میرسیم به سقوط و مرگ امپراتور.لینک صفحه‌ی حامی باش:https://hamibash.com/Gessopodcastتابلوی مراسم تاج گذاری ناپلئون:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpgتابلوی ناپلئون در دفتر کارش در کاخ توئیلری:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries%2C_by_Jacques-Louis_David_%281812%29_-_National_Gallery_of_Art_%28Samuel_H._Kress_Foundation%29_-_2.jpgقطعات موسیقی:Johann Strauss ll - Persischer MarschCoronation Mass - Wolfgang Amadeus MozartAdagio for Strings - Barber Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The late Christopher Coker, Professor of International Relations at the London School of Economics for almost 40 years, explains why, although the love of liberty is not unique to the West, the lust for liberty is. Read by Helen Lloyd. FURTHER READING: The West's lust for liberty | Christopher Coker Image: Leonidas at Thermopylae, by Jacques-Louis David, 1814. Credit: Peter Horree / Alamy Stock Photo

Lo habéis pedido y os hemos escuchado: por fin llegan los Madrazo a Arte compacto. A pesar de la resistencia de Juanra –que estos días solo quiere hablar del Papa Francisco, del Vaticano y de cardenales– dedicamos este episodio a José de Madrazo, pater familias de esta valiente, poderosa y artística saga familiar tan ligada al Museo del Prado.Y no podíamos hacerlo sin contar con la sabiduría y la preciosa voz del doctor Carlos G. Navarro, comisario de -entre otras cosas- la exposición “Cambio de forma. Mito y metamorfosis en los dibujos romanos de José de Madrazo”, en el Prado hasta el 22 de junio de 2025. Repasamos la vida y obra de este apolítico santanderino que estudió pintura en la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando –la RABASF– y en París con el gran pintor neoclásico Jacques-Louis David antes de pasar muchos años en Roma donde pintaría, por ejemplo, el retrato en forma de alegoría mitológica de Godoy con su amante, Josefa Tudó, mientras su mujer -la condesa de Chinchón- y su hija estaban “vivas en Toledo”. Entre salseo y salseo del siglo XIX –por supuesto, aparece la gran Amalia de Llano y Dotres, la Vilches, con sus joyas de noble de nuevo cuño y su vestido azul pavo real– se nos cuelan conversaciones sobre comida rica, deporte y fueguitos de WhatsApp (¿qué pasaría si algún día publicasen nuestros DMs de Instagram como si fuésemos los Goncourt?), y queda claro que José de Madrazo fue –además de un gran pintor y estratega– un grandísimo padre que le escribió a su hijo Federico las despedidas epistolares más bonitas (ñoñas) que hemos leído.Expresiones a Ángela, Ramón y Alicia por los dulces que hemos saboreado, mientras quedan amándoos Juanra y Bernardo.

If you weren't sleeping through your chemistry classes in high school, you probably heard the phrase "Nothing is lost, nothing is created, everything is transformed." This is basically what we know as the law of conservation of mass. It was coined by Antoine Lavoisier, the man considered the father of modern chemistry and one of history's most influential scientists.However, he will end his days under the blade of the guillotine in 1794. How can this be? Join us as we delve into the remarkable but tragic life of Lavoisier, a savant at the scaffold!TimecodesIntroduction06:36 - Young, Rich and Brillant13:25 - Understanding Nature20:39 - The French Revolution25:37 - The Blade Falls31:17 - ConclusionRelevant Episode:The French Revolution, a Worldwide TremorMusic: Marche pour la cérémonie des Turcs, composed by Jean-Baptiste Lully, arranged and performed by Jérôme Arfouche.Artwork: Portrait d'Antoine Lavoisier et de sa femme, Jacques-Louis David, 1788. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New YorkSupport the showReach out, support the show and give me feedback! Contact me or follow the podcast on social media Leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts or on Spotify Become a patron on Patreon to support the show Buy me a Coffee

Let's visit the Louvre with author Elaine Sciolino. Today, we chat about her upcoming book Adventures in the Louvre: How to Fall in Love with the World's Greatest Museum. The book pulls back the curtain on a building many think they know, but which still contains endless secrets and untold stories. And if you think you recognise Elaine's name and voice, perhaps you heard her on the pod before! Elaine, the former Paris bureau chief for The New York Times, has featured The Earful Tower in the past discussing her books about the Seine River and the Rue des Martyrs. In fact, she was the second-ever guest on the show, back in 2017. Elaine used her extensive experience as a reporter to influence how she wrote this book. She decided the best approach was to explain the Louvre museum “through the prism of someone who's not an art historian and who's not a tour guide. I decided to just report the Louvre and talk to everybody that I possibly could.” And, my goodness, the surprises Elaine uncovered will knock your socks off: spending the day with the museum's permanent on-site fire fighters, a secret World War Two bunker and long-forgotten graffiti inscribed by the builders of the Philippe Auguste wall. For Louvre novices who are in danger of having an exhausting and frustrating experience trying to see and do everything, Elaine offers this advice “Find your Louvre identity, find what kind of a visitor you are… And once you decide that it makes it a lot easier, because you forgive yourself for not being perfect…You go each time with a different identity, like you go each time and discover a different work of art.” Elaine confesses that she wasn't always the biggest fan of the museum, “the Louvre is a challenge, it's too big…it's too crowded, it's an impossible museum. You have to find your way in. So that's what I tried to do.” Having visited the building hundreds of times in the course of writing the book, I wondered if Elaine was all Louvre-d out or did she intend to go back? “Oh no, I have to go back. I have to keep going back.” Adventures in the Louvre: How to Fall in Love with the World's Greatest Museum is released on 1 April 2025. You can pre-order it here. A fun extra the end of the episode, Bertrand d'Aleman from My Private Paris tells us about a current exhibition at the museum: The Louvre Couture. This is an exploration of how the vast breadth of decorative art contained within the walls of the museum has informed the world of high fashion. The Louvre Couture exhibition runs from 24 January - 21 July. Book your tickets here. Artwork mentioned in this episode: Mona Lisa (also known as La Joconde) by Leonardo da Vinci; Man with a glove by Titian, Portrait of a Man (also known as La Condottiere) by Antonello da Messina; The death of Marat by Jacques-Louis David. Thanks to Hannah Coyle for additional reporting. Enjoying what we're doing here at The Earful Tower and keen to see more? Become a Patreon member here to support it and to discover our exciting extras. This season of The Earful Tower is brought to you by My Private Paris, an award-winning travel company creating deluxe itineraries for Paris and beyond. See what they offer here and be sure to let them know that you came from The Earful Tower.          

Wir springen in dieser Folge ins Jahr 480 vdZw, und damit direkt in die Perserkriege, im Zuge derer sich eine Koalition griechischer Städte gegen das mächtige Achämenidenreich stemmt. Genauer sprechen wir über die Schlacht an den Thermopylen: eine Auseinandersetzung, die zwar strategisch betrachtet weit unbedeutender als die meisten Schlachten davor und danach war, die aber dennoch Folgen hatte, die weit über den Konflikt selbst hinausgingen. // Literatur - Anuschka Albertz. Exemplarisches Heldentum: Die Rezeptionsgeschichte der Schlacht an den Thermopylen von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2006. - Chris Carey. Thermopylae: Great Battles. Oxford University Press, 2019. - John Ma. Polis: A New History of the Ancient Greek City-State From the Early Iron Age to the End of Antiquity. Princeton University Press, 2024. - Stephen P. Kershaw. The Harvest of War: Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis: The Epic Battles That Saved Democracy. Pegasus Books, 2022. - Waldemar Heckel, F.S. Naiden, E. Edward Garvin, und John Vanderspoel. A Companion to Greek Warfare, 2021. - Hans van Wees. Greek Warfare: Myths and Realities. Bloomsbury Academic, 2004. // Erwähnte Folgen - GAG439: Kyros II. und die Entstehung eines Mythos – https://gadg.fm/439 - GAG416: Wie das Münzgeld entstand – https://gadg.fm/416 - GAG435: Die Schlacht bei Carrhae – https://gadg.fm/435 Das Episodenbild zeigt einen Ausschnitt des erwähnten Gemäldes von Jacques-Louis David. //Aus unserer Werbung Du möchtest mehr über unsere Werbepartner erfahren? Hier findest du alle Infos & Rabatte: https://linktr.ee/GeschichtenausderGeschichte //Wir haben auch ein Buch geschrieben: Wer es erwerben will, es ist überall im Handel, aber auch direkt über den Verlag zu erwerben: https://www.piper.de/buecher/geschichten-aus-der-geschichte-isbn-978-3-492-06363-0 Wer Becher, T-Shirts oder Hoodies erwerben will: Die gibt's unter https://geschichte.shop Wer unsere Folgen lieber ohne Werbung anhören will, kann das über eine kleine Unterstützung auf Steady oder ein Abo des GeschichteFM-Plus Kanals auf Apple Podcasts tun. Wir freuen uns, wenn ihr den Podcast bei Apple Podcasts oder wo auch immer dies möglich ist rezensiert oder bewertet. Wir freuen uns auch immer, wenn ihr euren Freundinnen und Freunden, Kolleginnen und Kollegen oder sogar Nachbarinnen und Nachbarn von uns erzählt!