Podcasts about Maximilien Robespierre

Mars 1794. La French Revolution est entrée dans sa phase la plus sombre : la Terreur. Chaque jour, la guillotine fonctionne à plein régime. Et parmi les hommes traqués par le pouvoir révolutionnaire se trouve un personnage pourtant profondément attaché aux idéaux des Lumières : Nicolas de Condorcet.Mathématicien brillant, philosophe, défenseur des droits des femmes, opposant à l'esclavage, Condorcet croyait en une société gouvernée par la raison et le progrès. Mais en politique, les temps ont changé. Proche des Girondins, le camp modéré de la Révolution, il devient un ennemi des Montagnards de Maximilien Robespierre après la chute des Girondins en 1793.Un mandat d'arrêt est lancé contre lui. Condorcet disparaît alors dans Paris.Pendant près de neuf mois, il vit caché dans l'appartement d'une amie, Madame Vernet. Enfermé dans une petite pièce, il passe son temps à écrire. C'est durant cette clandestinité qu'il rédige son œuvre la plus célèbre : Esquisse d'un tableau historique des progrès de l'esprit humain. Même traqué, il continue à croire que l'humanité avance vers davantage de liberté et de savoir.Mais au printemps 1794, il comprend qu'il ne peut pas rester caché éternellement. Paris devient de plus en plus dangereux. Il décide alors de fuir.Amaigri, épuisé, mal habillé, Condorcet quitte discrètement la capitale à pied. Après des heures d'errance, il s'arrête dans une auberge de village, près de Bourg-la-Reine. Et c'est là qu'a lieu l'un des épisodes les plus étranges de toute la Révolution française.Affamé après des mois de privations, il commande une omelette… de douze œufs.La servante trouve cette demande suspecte. À l'époque, une telle quantité paraît absurde pour un homme seul, surtout dans une France frappée par les pénuries. L'étranger attire l'attention : il semble nerveux, sans papiers clairs, avec l'apparence d'un fugitif.Les autorités locales sont prévenues. Condorcet est arrêté.Conduit dans une cellule de la prison de Bourg-la-Reine, il y meurt seulement deux jours plus tard, le 29 mars 1794.Mais de quoi est-il mort ?Le mystère demeure encore aujourd'hui. Certains pensent qu'il s'est suicidé avec un poison qu'il portait sur lui afin d'échapper à la guillotine. D'autres soupçonnent un assassinat discret orchestré par ses ennemis politiques. Aucun examen sérieux ne fut réalisé.Ainsi s'achève le destin étrange de Condorcet : un immense penseur des Lumières, traqué comme un criminel… et peut-être perdu à cause d'une simple omelette. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

They'll tell you the Terror was born from ideology, from fanaticism, from Robespierre's madness. That's too small. Much too small.The real engine wasn't fervor. It was a machine — a legal apparatus the Committee of Public Safety built piece by piece. The Law of Suspects in September 1793 made suspicion itself sufficient evidence. The Law of 22 Prairial in June 1794 stripped revolutionary tribunals of defense counsel, witnesses, and meaningful cross-examination. In 47 days, that machine consumed 1,376 lives in Paris alone. And in the end, it consumed the men who built it.This isn't conspiracy. It isn't ideology. It's architecture.In this video:→ Why Louis XVI's execution detonated rather than stabilized the revolution→ The Girondins, the Hébertistes, and the Dantonists — three factions consumed in eight months→ 9 Thermidor: how Robespierre's own machine ended Robespierre→ The same architecture under Stalin, Mao, and the Khmer Rouge — same playbook, different centuryCHAPTERS:00:00 The Machine, Not the Madness01:08 January 1793: Paris on the Edge02:08 Robespierre and the Definition of Virtue03:04 The Law of Suspects05:01 Three Factions Fall: Girondins, Hébertistes, Dantonists08:38 The Law of 22 Prairial10:36 Positional, Not Behavioral13:07 9 Thermidor: Robespierre Falls14:59 The Same Architecture: Stalin, Mao, Pol Pot18:01 The Architecture, Not the IdeologySubscribe to Hidden Forces in History for civilizational autopsies of the empires, institutions, and patterns shaping the world we live in now.

Partido de San Martín, Buenos Aires Alejandro Dolina, Patricio Barton, Gillespi Introducción • 0:01:14 Presentación del programa en San Martín, con Dolina, Barton y Gillespi. Segmento Inicial • 0:02:08 Conversan humorísticamente sobre un informe acerca de cómo tener un amante sin que la pareja lo descubra. • 0:03:07 Señalan que, según el informe, conviene ser sincero con el amante y dejar claras las “reglas del juego”. • 0:08:44 Comentan que sería más conveniente que el amante también tenga pareja, para que ambos tengan el mismo interés en mantener el secreto. • 0:10:00 Discuten que la relación extramatrimonial no debería prolongarse y derivan en una mención humorística a Picasso. • 0:10:51 Recomiendan que amante y pareja pertenezcan a mundos distintos y no se conozcan, especialmente evitando relaciones en el trabajo. • 0:12:22 Bromean con los riesgos que implican las mascotas, los pelos en la ropa y los rastros dejados en visitas a casa del amante. • 0:17:13 Desaconsejan repetir siempre los mismos días y horarios para los encuentros y mencionan la necesidad de un cómplice. • 0:22:33 Dolina cierra con una reflexión sobre la mentira: distingue entre las mentiras interesadas y aquellas piadosas que buscan no herir. Segmento Dispositivo • 0:25:39 Dolina anuncia una charla sobre el calendario revolucionario francés, Fabre d'Églantine y la religión de la razón. • 0:26:05 Cuenta que el barón de Batz, agente monárquico, comprometió en maniobras bursátiles ilegales a Chabot y a Fabre d'Églantine para desacreditar a los revolucionarios. • 0:27:48 Explica que, para desviar la atención de ese escándalo, Fabre d'Églantine impulsó la creación del calendario revolucionario. • 0:28:28 Describe la burla que provocó el nuevo calendario, con sus nombres de meses y el reemplazo de santos por animales, frutos e instrumentos de labranza. • 0:31:06 Relata el intento de descristianización y la conversión de Notre Dame en “templo de la razón”. • 0:31:48 Narra la ceremonia del culto de la razón con una actriz personificando a la diosa razón. • 0:32:40 Cuenta episodios sobre Mademoiselle Maillard, elegida para encarnar a la diosa razón, y una anécdota de duelo disfrazada de hombre. • 0:34:33 Describe cómo esas celebraciones derivaron en orgías dentro de las iglesias y en una sucesión de bacanales. • 0:37:18 Señala que Robespierre puso fin a esa etapa, instauró el culto del Ser Supremo y mandó arrestar a los implicados. • 0:37:51 Cierra con una reflexión: si hubiera que fundar una religión, el amor parecería más adecuado que la razón. • 0:39:06 Interpretan una canción vinculada al tema del amor. Segmento Inicial • 0:43:57 De regreso en San Martín, Dolina comenta una paradoja de Bertrand Russell sobre los catálogos de bibliotecas que se incluyen o no a sí mismos. Segmento Humorístico • 0:46:47 Presentan un informe con consejos para sobrevivir a un tsunami y a una erupción volcánica. • 0:48:02 Sobre el tsunami, remarcan que ante un terremoto costero hay que ir inmediatamente a un lugar alto y no acercarse al mar cuando retrocede. • 0:51:05 Bromean con la utilidad del celular, la ropa de abrigo, la comida y los puntos de encuentro familiares en medio de una evacuación. • 0:53:10 En la parte sobre erupciones volcánicas, insisten en mantenerse informado, no acercarse al volcán y protegerse de gases y cenizas. • 0:57:44 Añaden recomendaciones sobre evacuar con equipaje limitado y no dejarse llevar por rumores. Sordo Gancé / Trío Sin Nombre • 1:01:37 Presentación del segmento musical. • 1:02:35 “Drive My Car” ♫ (The Beatles) • 1:06:07 “La moza del pueyrredón” ♫ • 1:11:40 “No te perdono más” ♫ • 1:14:19 “Un poco de amor francés” ♫ • 1:18:06 “Night and Day” ♫ • 1:20:32 Dolina agradece al público y hace una breve reflexión sobre el trasfondo trágico de la condición humana aun en medio de la risa. • 1:23:20 “Hit the Road Jack” ♫ (Resumen generado automáticamente con IA, puede contener errores)

Au début de la Révolution française, Maximilien Robespierre apparaissait comme un homme presque idéaliste. Avocat austère, profondément opposé à la corruption, il défendait les pauvres, dénonçait les privilèges et réclamait davantage d'égalité. On le surnommait même “l'Incorruptible”.Et pourtant, quelques années plus tard, cet homme finit guillotiné par… les révolutionnaires eux-mêmes.Comment une telle chute a-t-elle été possible ?Pour le comprendre, il faut revenir à une période extrêmement chaotique. Après la chute de la monarchie en 1792, la France révolutionnaire est menacée de toutes parts : guerres contre les monarchies européennes, révoltes internes, crise économique, peur des complots.Dans ce climat de panique, Robespierre devient l'un des hommes forts du gouvernement révolutionnaire, notamment au sein du Comité de salut public.Et peu à peu, une idée s'impose chez lui : pour sauver la Révolution, il faut éliminer tous ses ennemis.C'est le début de la Terreur.Les tribunaux révolutionnaires se multiplient. Les procès deviennent expéditifs. Une simple suspicion peut conduire à la guillotine. Nobles, prêtres, opposants politiques, anciens alliés révolutionnaires : des milliers de personnes sont exécutées.Entre 1793 et 1794, environ 17 000 personnes sont officiellement guillotinées en France.Au départ, beaucoup soutiennent ces mesures, car ils pensent défendre la Révolution. Mais rapidement, la peur change de camp.Les députés révolutionnaires eux-mêmes commencent à craindre pour leur vie.Car Robespierre devient de plus en plus imprévisible. Il parle souvent de “traîtres” et de “conspirateurs” sans toujours donner de noms précis. Personne ne sait alors qui sera accusé ensuite.Puis survient le tournant décisif.Le 8 Thermidor an II — soit le 26 juillet 1794 — Robespierre prononce un discours inquiétant devant l'Assemblée. Il affirme qu'une vaste conspiration menace la Révolution et qu'il faut purger le gouvernement.Mais il refuse de nommer les coupables.Panique immédiate.De nombreux députés comprennent qu'ils risquent eux-mêmes d'être arrêtés et exécutés. Le lendemain, ils décident donc de frapper les premiers. Robespierre est arrêté dans un tumulte incroyable.Dans la nuit, ses partisans tentent de le sauver à l'Hôtel de Ville de Paris. C'est alors qu'il reçoit une balle dans la mâchoire — peut-être une tentative de suicide, peut-être le tir d'un gendarme.Le lendemain, blessé, le visage ensanglanté, incapable presque de parler, Robespierre est conduit à la guillotine.L'homme qui avait incarné la Terreur est exécuté par la même Révolution qu'il croyait sauver. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Wir reden über die Anfänge von Doctor Who, als die Welt noch schwarzweiß war und der Doctor mit seinen Companions des öfteren Abenteuer in historischen Epochen der Erde erlebte, ganz ohne weiteren Science Fiction Einschlag (von der obligatorischen Zeitreise mal abgesehen.) Ein solches "Historical" war der Sechsteiler "The Reign of Terror" aus dem Jahr 1964, zum Ende der 1. Staffel, in dem es den Doctor und seine "Familie" in die Nachwirren der Französischen Revolution verschlägt, in die Zeit der Schreckensherrschaft unter Robespierre.

Thérésa Tallien, qu'on surnomme Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours, se distingue pendant la Révolution en usant de son influence sur son amant Jean-Lambert Tallien pour sauver la vie de nombreux Bordelais. Mais ce faisant, elle s'attire la foudre de Robespierre qui l'arrête et la condamne à mort. Pour sauver la vie de celle qu'il aime, Tallien joindra un complot qui changera le cours de la Révolution. "Secrets d'Histoire" est un podcast d'Initial Studio, adapté de l'émission de télévision éponyme produite par la Société Européenne de Production ©2024 SEP / France Télévisions. Cet épisode a été écrit et réalisé par Vanessa Pontet.Un podcast présenté par Stéphane Bern. Avec la voix d'Isabelle Benhadj.Vous pouvez retrouver Secrets d'Histoire sur France 3 ou en replay sur France.tv, et suivre l'émission sur Instagram et Facebook.Crédits du podcastProduction exécutive du podcast : Initial StudioProduction éditoriale : Sarah Koskievic et Mandy LebourgMontage : Johanna Lalonde Hébergé par Audion. Visitez https://www.audion.fm/fr/privacy-policy pour plus d'informations.

"And that's why they called me the Incorruptible…..”Robespierre speaks proudly about his days in the public office during the French Revolution. No regrets, just major concerns about the feeble and weak minded men surrounding him. Reincarnated from the 1780's, things are looking a bit different for Robespierre. But he can certainly relate to the contradictory Tweets and irrational politics. Robespierre in the hot seat. The  man who saw himself as a moral reformer, a fixer of corruption, a builder of a new Jerusalem. Instead, he signed away thousands of lives… and ultimately lost his own, executed by the people he once called his friends. Wearing a red blood waist coat with a loose bandaged jaw, he is entering the studio….

durée : 00:20:28 - Les Nuits de France Culture - par : Albane Penaranda - En mettant fin à la Terreur et en ouvrant la voie au Directoire, le 9 Thermidor est l'un des tournants majeurs de la Révolution française. En 1959, "La Tribune de Paris" analyse cette journée du 27 juillet 1794 qui vit la chute de Robespierre et la mise en place de la Convention thermidorienne. - réalisation : Mathias Le Gargasson, Antoine Dhulster, Rafik Zénine, Vincent Abouchar, Emily Vallat, Hassane M'Béchour, INA - invités : Ernest Labrousse Historien français, spécialiste de l'histoire économique et sociale, militant anarchiste puis socialiste, Raoul Girardet Historien (1917-2013), Alain Decaux Historien, Emmanuel Berl Journaliste, essayiste, historien (1892-1976) Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France

This is the third in our series of recap episodes, offering a synthesis of our 1792-1804 coverage one year at a time. Chris Sloan talks presenter Alex Stevenson through specific key clips he's picked out from our old episodes grouped around four themes which, we argue, help frame the period and shape our understanding of it in a whole new way. We hope this will provide a helpful refresh for longstanding listeners - whilst at the same time offering an 'entry ramp' to the podcast for those who want to get up to speed relatively easily before we crash full-speed into the intensity of the Napoleonic Wars. This episode covers 1794, a year of revolution, turmoil, and transformative conflict across Europe and beyond. Once again we're recapping an extraordinary year featuring pivotal moments in the French Revolution, including Robespierre's dramatic fall; the surprising tos and fros of the war in Europe; some grimly familiar shocking events in Eastern Europe; all whilst continuing to explore the global repercussions of revolutionary ideals. Or, in other words:The height and collapse of the Terror in Revolutionary France, culminating in the Thermidorian ReactionKey military innovations and battles, including the strategic leadership of Carnot and the Battle of FleurusThe dramatic final chapter of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the failed Kociuszko UprisingThe abolition of slavery in French colonies and the far-reaching impact on Haiti and the CaribbeanCrucial global developments, from the Glorious First of June naval battle to transformative events in the United States and beyondExplore the interconnected stories of 1794 and discover how this pivotal year shaped the course of the Napoleonic era and world history.

This is the second in a series of recap episodes, offering a synthesis of our 1792-1804 coverage one year at a time. Chris Sloan talks presenter Alex Stevenson through specific key clips he's picked out from our old episodes grouped around four themes which, we argue, help frame the period and shape our understanding of it in a whole new way. We hope this will provide a helpful refresh for longstanding listeners - whilst at the same time offering an 'entry ramp' to the podcast for those who want to get up to speed relatively easily before we crash full-speed into the intensity of the Napoleonic Wars.This episode covers 1793, a year of revolutionary turmoil, dramatic political shifts, and international warfare as the French Revolution accelerates, reshaping France and reverberating across Europe and the wider world. Including: - The trial and execution of King Louis XVI and the radicalization of the National Convention- The rise of Robespierre and the establishment of the Reign of Terror- The outbreak of civil war in the Vendée and mass conscription across France- Key battles and the involvement of Britain, Spain, and other Coalition powers in the Revolutionary Wars- Global impact with the Haitian Revolution, the abolition of slavery in Saint Domingue, and the emergence of Napoleon Bonaparte

Ami des philosophes et de la liberté, révolutionnaire, député de l'Assemblée nationale, il avait peut-être oublié qu'il était aussi l'un des plus grands seigneurs de France. La Révolution, qui dévore toujours ses enfants, s'est chargée de le lui rappeler.Soyez témoins d'un épisode fascinant de l'histoire de la Révolution française ! Rejoignez-nous dans les salons parisiens de 1776, alors que le célèbre Benjamin Franklin débarque d'Amérique pour séduire l'élite française. Découvrez comment cet homme en habits de trappeur a inspiré une nouvelle génération d'aristocrates révolutionnaires, dont le duc de La Rochefoucauld, prêt à tout sacrifier pour embrasser l'idéal révolutionnaire.Suivez le parcours de ce noble, de ses débuts dans les cercles éclairés de Madame d'Enville jusqu'à son entrée à l'Assemblée nationale, où il lutte pour le doublement du tiers-état et l'abolition de l'esclavage. Mais lorsque la Révolution s'emballe, La Rochefoucauld se retrouve pris dans la tourmente, contraint de faire des choix déchirants entre ses idéaux et sa survie.Plongez dans les méandres de cette époque tumultueuse, où la raison et la violence s'affrontent, et assistez à la fin tragique de cet aristocrate qui a choisi de brûler ses propres titres pour se ranger du côté du peuple.

Ami des philosophes et de la liberté, révolutionnaire, député de l'Assemblée nationale, il avait peut-être oublié qu'il était aussi l'un des plus grands seigneurs de France. La Révolution, qui dévore toujours ses enfants, s'est chargée de le lui rappeler.Soyez témoins d'un épisode fascinant de l'histoire de la Révolution française ! Rejoignez-nous dans les salons parisiens de 1776, alors que le célèbre Benjamin Franklin débarque d'Amérique pour séduire l'élite française. Découvrez comment cet homme en habits de trappeur a inspiré une nouvelle génération d'aristocrates révolutionnaires, dont le duc de La Rochefoucauld, prêt à tout sacrifier pour embrasser l'idéal révolutionnaire.Suivez le parcours de ce noble, de ses débuts dans les cercles éclairés de Madame d'Enville jusqu'à son entrée à l'Assemblée nationale, où il lutte pour le doublement du tiers-état et l'abolition de l'esclavage. Mais lorsque la Révolution s'emballe, La Rochefoucauld se retrouve pris dans la tourmente, contraint de faire des choix déchirants entre ses idéaux et sa survie.Plongez dans les méandres de cette époque tumultueuse, où la raison et la violence s'affrontent, et assistez à la fin tragique de cet aristocrate qui a choisi de brûler ses propres titres pour se ranger du côté du peuple.

L'invité : Vincent Azoulay, directeur d'études à l'EHESSLe livre : Ostracisme ! Du bon usage de l'arbitraire en démocratie, Paris, éditions de l'EHESS, 2026.La discussion :· Approcher l'ostracisme, objet historiographique compliqué (1:00)· Les renouvellements et comptages permis par l'archéologie (10:45)· Comment fonctionnent les votes d'ostracisme ? (17:00)· Inscriptions, dessins, insultes sur les ostraka (26:40)· Une clef de compréhension : l'acquiescement des ostracisés (35:30)· Les modernes et l'ostracisme, de Machiavel à Robespierre et à Nietszche (39:45) Le conseil de lecture : Arnaud Macé, La démocratie à l'œil nuUn podcast créé, animé et produit par André Loez et distribué par Binge Audio. Contact pub : project@binge.audioHébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Horrified that a foreign plot was destroying the Republic, Robespierre moved to halt the dechristianisation campaign. Motivated by practical, ideological, and political concerns, the influential Jacobin launched a blistering counterattack against radical anti-clericalism. In this struggle, he achieved only mixed success. Yet on the question of Revolutionary Government, Robespierre and his allies secured a decisive victory with the Law of 14 Frimaire in December 1793. 2026 Tours Limited places remaining for the French Revolution & Napoleon Tour (October 2026) and the Christmas Markets & History Tour (Winter 2026) ⁠⁠⁠Book Your Place Here⁠⁠⁠ Early Access Listen to Episode 1.108 "The Vendée Genocide with Historian Reynald Secher" by becoming a True Revolutionary on Patreon! The Grey History Community Help keep Grey History on the air! Every revolution needs its supporters, and we need you! With an ad-free feed, a community discord, a reading club, and tonnes of exclusive bonus content, you're missing out! Do your part for as little as half a cup of coffee per episode! It's the best value on the internet, with the best people too! ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Join Now And Support the Show⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Make a one-off donation⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Contact Me Send your questions, praise, and scorn ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Newsletter ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Sign Up⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for Free Bonus Episode Follow on Social Media: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠X⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Advertising Please contact ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠sales@advertisecast.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ if you would like to advertise on Grey History: The French Revolution and Napoleon. All members of the Grey History Community have an ad-free version of the show. Support the show ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. About Grey History: The French Revolution and Napoleon is a podcast dedicated to exploring the complexities of our history. By examining both the experiences of contemporaries and the conclusions of historians, Grey History seeks to unpack the ambiguities and nuances of the past. Understanding the French Revolution and the age of Napoleon Bonaparte is critical to understanding the history of the world, so join us on a journey through a series of events that would be almost unbelievable if it weren't for the fact that it's true! If you're looking for a binge-worthy history podcast on the Revolution and Napoleon, you're in the right place! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

REDIFF - Dans cet épisode captivant, Lorànt Deutsch retrace le parcours de l'un des protagonistes les plus controversés de la période troublée de la Révolution française : Robespierre. Plus de deux siècles après sa mort, Robespierre semble encore bien insaisissable, et incarne à lui seul tous les paradoxes de la société française. Chaque samedi en exclusivité, retrouvez en podcast un épisode des saisons précédentes de « Entrez dans l'Histoire ».Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

REDIFF - Dans cet épisode captivant, Lorànt Deutsch retrace le parcours de l'un des protagonistes les plus controversés de la période troublée de la Révolution française : Robespierre. Plus de deux siècles après sa mort, Robespierre semble encore bien insaisissable, et incarne à lui seul tous les paradoxes de la société française. Chaque samedi en exclusivité, retrouvez en podcast un épisode des saisons précédentes de « Entrez dans l'Histoire ».Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Send us Fan MailJakobus 1:14-15 Maar 'n mens word verlei deur sy eie begeertes wat hom aanlok en saamsleep. Daarna, as die begeertes bevrug geraak het, bring dit die sonde voort; en as die sonde ryp geword het, loop dit uit op die dood.Wat gaan vandag in jou hart aan? Ek bedoel, jy is tog 'n goeie mens? Maar daar is 'n risiko dat daar 'n begeerte in jou hart skuil, wat, as jy dit nie hanteer nie, jou lewe kan verwoes. Daar is altyd daardie risiko, glo vir my.Tydens die Franse Rewolusie het Maximilien Robespierre begin as 'n beginselvaste voorstander van vryheid en geregtigheid en broederskap. Hy het die regte van die armes bepleit en die doodstraf teengestaan. Maar toe het dinge verkeerd geloop. Hy het al hoe meer mag gekry en beroemd geword en heeltemal in ‘n tiran met 'n obsessie om mense te beheer, ontaard.Hy het ‘n skrikbewind gevoer en duisende na die guillotine gestuur - selfs party van sy voormalige bondgenote. Die ideale wat hy eens gehad het, is deur vrees en sy obsessie om te beheer, vernietig. Uiteindelik is Robespierre in hegtenis geneem en deur die guillotine tereggestel. Hy het 'n slagoffer van dieselfde brutale stelsel wat hy afgedwing het, geword.Hierdie man, wat eens integriteit gehad het, is stadig verteer deur sy onredelike ambisie. Hy het sy gesonde oordeel in sy begeerte om belangrik te lyk, verloor. Sy trots het hom vernietig.Jakobus 1:14-15 Maar 'n mens word verlei deur sy eie begeertes wat hom aanlok en saamsleep. Daarna, as die begeertes bevrug geraak het, bring dit die sonde voort; en as die sonde ryp geword het, loop dit uit op die dood.My vriend, ek vra jou met my hele hart om te besin oor wat vandag in jou hart aangaan. Moenie versoek word deur bose begeertes wat diep in jou skuil nie. Moenie toelaat dat hulle ongehanteer gelaat word nie, want hulle sal jou van die lewe self beroof. Jesus het gekom om jou vry te maak deur aan die Kruis te sterf om die prys vir jou sonde te betaal en weer op te staan om jou die krag te gee om jou sonde te oorwin en vir ewig vir Hom te lewe. Dis God se Woord. Vars ... vir jou ... vandag.Support the showEnjoying The Content?For the price of a cup of coffee each month, you can enable Christianityworks to reach 10,000+ people with a message about the love of Jesus!DONATE R50 MONTHLY

Most revolutions end in failure.  If they succeed in toppling the bad old regime, they often create a new one that is worse.  "Like Saturn," a French journalist observed in the early 1790s, "the Revolution devours its children."   Why was the American Revolution different?  Legal scholar and political analyst Jonathan Turley explores this question in his new book, Rage and the Republic: The Unfinished Story of the American Revolution.   How did the Americans avoid the horrors other Revolutions? In this conversation we discuss the American Revolution, the history that American revolutionaries carried with them and informed their world, and the role of firebrands like Thomas Paine and Robespierre, and political theorists James Wilson and James Madison.Tell us what you think! Send us a text message!

We have reached the dramatic apex of Robespierre's career, as the French Revolution spirals into its most violent phase: the Reign of Terror. But how long will this reign last? And how will Robespierre's legacy compare to those of the monarchs he destroyed? ⚜️ Visit our website ⁠for episode images, score summaries and more! Contact us by ⁠Email⁠, or follow us on ⁠Instagram⁠, our ⁠Facebook Group⁠ or ⁠BlueSky⁠. Make sure you leave us a review on ⁠Apple Podcasts⁠, ⁠Spotify⁠ or wherever you listen. You can also support the show on ⁠Patreon⁠! Join the official Angry Mob and get access to our bonus content: movie reviews, deep dives, bonus biographies and our exclusive spinoff series rating the Royal Mistresses. ⚜️ Battle Royale's intro/outro music is ⁠"Dansez" by Fasion⁠. Go check out more of their stuff ⁠here⁠. ⚜️ Details of our 5 categories used to rate the French Monarchs can be found ⁠on our website⁠. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What a pleasure it was to talk to Ruth Scurr, author of John Aubrey: My Own Life, about the great man himself, who was born four hundred years ago this month. Aubrey is best know for his splendid Brief Lives but he preserved a huge amount of knowledge which historians still rely on. There are many things we only know because of Aubrey—things about people Hobbes and Hooke, Stonehenge, architectural history. We also talked about Janet Malcom, the genre of biography, and modern fiction.HENRY OLIVER: Today I'm talking to Ruth Scurr. Ruth is a fellow of Gonville and Caius College in the University of Cambridge, where she specializes in the history of political thought. But more importantly, she is the biographer of John Aubrey, one of my favorite writers, who is celebrating 400 years of his birth this year. Ruth, hello.RUTH SCURR: Hi, Henry.OLIVER: Can you begin by giving us a brief life of John Aubrey?SCURR: So born in 1626, 17th-century antiquarian, collector, early fellow at the Royal Society. Well connected to scientific and the literary circles of his day. Someone who sees himself more as a whetstone: a person who could help sharpen other people's ideas. As a recorder, someone who treasured the details, the minutiae of the lives he encountered, and pass those details on to posterity.He's nonjudgmental, witty, kind, inventive. Very, very sociable. Very good friend. But he's hopeless at self-advancement. Begins his life as a gentleman, but he inherits debts from his father and he can never really achieve financial stability.Never marries, ends up homeless and worried about being arrested for his debts. And he has to sell his precious collection of books periodically through his life to raise some much-needed cash, but he keeps his manuscripts safe. And he does this at the end of his life by putting them into the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, afterwards known as the Bodleian, and where they still are today.OLIVER: So how many manuscripts did he save for us?SCURR: Of his own manuscripts or other people's manuscripts?OLIVER: Other people's. Because he was collecting all sorts of precious things.SCURR: Oh, absolutely. He was the person who, when someone died, would go round if he could to their house and ask what was happening about the manuscripts. He's particularly concerned, obviously, with his friends. So he had a close relationship with Robert Hooke and he wanted to make sure that Hooke's many inventions and scientific contributions were recorded.And he has this wonderful line in the life of Hooke where he says, “It's so hard to get people to do right by themselves.” And in his childhood, he had seen the fallout from the dissolution of the monasteries. He'd become very troubled by the habit of using manuscript pages which had been displaced in the dissolution. He saw them being used in schools to cover textbooks. He saw them being used to—or he heard about them at least being used—to wrap up gloves or to create stoppers in bottles. And this really troubled him from, from a very early age.And I think he has another beautiful line where he says after the dissolution of the monasteries, whereas these manuscripts had been kept safe, they flew around like butterflies. And he wanted to catch them and preserve them and to stop people letting the papers and the precious manuscripts of their relatives do the same. So he was very instrumental in rescuing manuscripts, other people's manuscripts. And then fortunately with his own, he knew Ashmole and they had the shared astrology interest.Ashmole was a very different sort of person who basically said to Oxford, look, I'll give you my collections, but there has to be a museum for them. And luckily Aubrey was able to use that museum as a safe place for his own manuscripts.OLIVER: So we know things about Robert Hooke and Thomas Hobbes and all these other luminaries of the 17th century, thanks to Aubrey. What else do we know, thanks to him?SCURR: We know what Stonehenge looked like in his day because he was a very good draftsman. He drew pictures of Stonehenge. He'd grown up in Wiltshire, he'd known those stones from childhood. He understood that Avebury nearby was a comparable monument, and he took Charles II to see it, and persuaded the king to get the locals to stop breaking up the stones, to reuse the stones, which was the practice.He also made drawings of windows because he was possibly the first person as a historian of architecture to realize that you could date buildings by the style of their windows. So we have those drawings. He was also interested in the history of costume. He did a survey of Surrey, of Wiltshire.So these are all sort of focuses in his manuscripts and people who've used them come to really appreciate how pioneering Aubrey was. But of course he doesn't finish them. He doesn't publish those manuscripts. So it's very easy really to overlook the innovation and the contribution and the wonderful imagination that he had.OLIVER: You mean if he'd published a book, he would have a much bigger reputation?SCURR: Well, I think there's two things. Yes, but in a sense, you know, the Brief Lives have been published after his death in various forms. But I think one of the most engaging things about Aubrey is that he's a modest and self-effacing person. And I already mentioned the idea he had of himself as a whetstone to other people's talents.There aren't that many people—certainly not in my life, maybe there are in yours—but who would effortlessly describe themselves as a whetstone to other people's talents. Most people want to be at the center. They're happy to have clever and literary friends, but they want a place there at the table as well.And Aubrey really was very, very invested in helping other people to do right by themselves, as he said about Hooke. And he very movingly—this is one of the inspirations really for my book that I wrote about him—he spent all that time collating the information about other people's lives. And for his own life, he puts down a few lines, a couple of facts and everything.He says, well, this could be used as the binding of a book. You know, it's sort of waste paper really. So he doesn't write his own life. Other people's lives he's going to convey to posterity. He doesn't see his own life as really being at that level of needing the attention that he gave, for example, to Milton or to Harvey or Hobbes, as you mentioned.OLIVER: He's born the year after Charles I comes to the throne. So he obviously lives through a fairly terrible period of history and very tumultuous, changeable in lots of different ways. The new world, the new learning, new religion, new politics, everything is changing. And he's obsessed with the old ways. How did these historical events—is he reacting against his time? Is he just born in a lucky time in a way?SCURR: So he was a student in Oxford during the Civil War. And you are right. The upheaval is very disturbing for his generation. It means he gets called back from Oxford by his father because it's dangerous to be there. And he's really, really upset by that because, it's like us, when we were students or our students today. You finally get away from your family and there you are in this place with all these exciting peers and access to books that you've never had before or at least to that extent, libraries, et cetera.And suddenly there's a war on and you've got to go home. So there's that disturbance. Then there is the fact that actually he was close to Hobbes. Hobbes actually was a Malmesbury man, so Wiltshire, very near Aubrey. And had come back to visit the school where Hobbes had been, which was where Aubrey was at school. And so they had met in Aubrey's childhood, and then he would've been aware of Hobbes having to go into exile. And then Hobbes coming back, of course. And that's a very important time in his life.And it's not an accident that Hobbes asks Aubrey to write his life because Hobbes knows how careful Aubrey is. And he knows that Aubrey has information that he can convey in the life. So that is really the first life that he writes. And it's different from the others. There's a different sort of origin. And it's after he's done that, that he starts to think, well, actually, you know, I can think of at least 50, 55 other people's lives. And now I've got my hand in, I might start on those as well.So in that period of upheaval there are wonderful stories. Maybe we'll look at some of the Brief Lives, but there's this amazing story that he captures in the life of William Harvey, which is a description of Harvey having been at the battlefield in Edgehill and recording one of the people who had been fighting and wounded, surviving by having the good sense to pull a dead body on top of himself, to keep himself warm on the battlefield. Things like that, which make the war very much alive. This is brutal, this civil war. It's a long time ago and we think we passed over it, but the really brutal reality of war is captured in the Brief Lives through the anecdotes and the stories of that generation that Aubrey preserves.OLIVER: How English is he?SCURR: Well, as opposed to what?OLIVER: Welsh.SCURR: Okay. Well he goes to Wales often and is very interested in Wales. I think he sees himself as English. I think he's very invested in English customs and stories and people. He's not nationalistic in any sense like that. What he's interested in is the inherited ways of living.And he's very interested in language and different dialects. That's one of the other things; he starts to collect different words. He was very aware of the Cornish dialect, for example. So I'd say it's a very decentered England that's rooted in customs, traditions, inherited stories.And there's a big place there for both the future and the past. Huge excitement about The Royal Society, English science, what can be achieved through the sharing of knowledge. But again, Aubrey's not an insular person in that respect. So, he wished he could go on the Grand Tour when he was a student. He would really have loved to have done that. It's one of the things that he actually talked to Harvey about, going and traveling as his contemporaries, for example, John Evelyn did.But Aubrey actually says—this is very typical of Aubrey—that his mother persuaded him out of it. His mother didn't want him going off on the Grand Tour. She was afraid for him. And he regretted it later in life. But it's so typical of Aubrey that he would pay attention to his mother and her anxieties.OLIVER: This interest in the present and the past—so he loves all the history, but he's in the Royal Society. One thing I like in your book is the way he talks about, oh, my grandfather still dresses in the old ways, like he's an Elizabethan, but at the same time he's doing a very sort of Baconian project. He's influenced by Bacon. Is Aubrey a sort of paradox? Does this make sense in a way?SCURR: Only in so far as lots of other people are as well. I was just looking at the Harvey life, and there's a story there about how when Harvey was a student he was meant to be setting sail with some friends. And he's stopped and told, “No, you can't get on this boat. You have to wait.” And he says, “Well, what have I done wrong? Why can't I get on this boat?” He said, “No, honestly, we need to have a word with you. You are not going on the boat.” And then the boat sinks, everyone dies. And this is apparently because the guy who stopped him had a dream that he needed to stop Harvey going. Harvey told Aubrey that story.Harvey also is—as Aubrey sort of slightly inaccurately puts it, is the inventor of the circulation of the blood. And you think, well, that's going a little bit far, perhaps not actually the inventor, but certainly the first person to discover, to understand about circulating blood.So there's another example of someone's life includes, I wouldn't be alive unless somebody had had this premonition and dream that I was about to die. Which is from a completely different world, from the rational, scientific understanding of the body or the other scientific advances that are going on at the time.OLIVER: And Aubrey's happy to just sort of coexist with both of those because of his interest in astrology?SCURR: And not just astrology. He's very interested in astrology and nativities, as he called it. In some of the Brief Lives, you see the sort of recording of the information that would be needed to cast an astrological shape for the life.But he is also interested in the fact that people believe in fairies and ghosts. He doesn't look down on those beliefs. Nor does he say that he necessarily believes in the presence of fairies or the interventions of the supernatural. But he's got a very open mind in relation to that. And certainly being simultaneously interested in early astronomy and astrology together is, to us, very striking. But then I think it was much more normal.OLIVER: Why do you think he resisted ordination?SCURR: Because he said the cassock stinks. He considered ordination several times because he knew it would be a living, it would be a way of being able to have some income, probably not very onerous duties. Some of his friends say to him, “Come on, Aubrey, it really won't be that much work. You'll just get a curate who'll do it all, and you'll get the living, and then you won't have to be worrying all the time about your paycheck. You haven't got a paycheck. It would be a living coming to you.”And on one occasion, one of the reasons he gives for not doing that is he thinks well, what if there's another religious upheaval and I have to change sides again? What if Roman Catholicism comes back and I ended up on the wrong side of it?And, again, would it really have been that difficult to go with the flow? But I think, in his own way, he had found his way of living, which was intensely sociable. And perhaps he didn't want that constraint of being a member of the clergy around him.OLIVER: Do you think he was a nonbeliever?SCURR: Well. I don't know the answer to that. I don't think so at all. I think he probably was a straightforward Christian believer. I think perhaps he'd seen enough of the religious conflicts and wars to be afraid of fanaticism on both sides. And that would fit certainly with his relationship with Hobbes.I don't have any reason to think he's an atheist. He's got a beautiful way of writing about death and there's this wonderful line he has when he says, “God bless you and me in our in and out world.” So the fact that we refer to his works as the Brief Lives because they're short, but everybody's life is brief.And even those who live, as he did, into his 70s, it feels brief. And there's these very moving descriptions of him at funerals. I was thinking about this the other day because he often records where someone's buried. And I recently wrote my first entry for the Dictionary of National Biography. I did the one for Hilary Mantel, which was a great honor and extremely interesting.And when I came back to the Brief Lives, I thought, gosh, I wish I'd put at the end of that DNB entry where she's actually buried, that would've made sense to do that. And I didn't do it because the DNB is quite formalized; they've got their formula and you need to stick to it.But maybe I'll add it in. Because it seems to me very moving to record where people are actually buried. That would fit I think with her religious sensibility, with a regard for the afterlife, and with the rites of passage at the end of life.OLIVER: What is it that makes Aubrey such a good biographer?SCURR: So I think the modesty that is in his spirit, the noticing, the minutiae that he both notices and values and his wit. He has a sensitivity to these funny and revealing quirky stories about the people that he knows. Or he finds them in the stories he's told by people who did know them.There's an eyewitness account aspect to it as well. Or at least it's an oral history. “I was told this by . . .” He's extremely precise. He'll try to assemble the facts so far as he can, and then he'll tell you what people's close friends said about them, and he will do so very, very carefully so that you know this is a story that he's been told that he's passing on.And then he doesn't pass moral judgment. He doesn't adjudicate. And finally, he thinks of himself as doing all of this for posterity and that posterity, i.e. us or the people who come after us, will find things there and he's not going to tell them what to find. He's not going to shape the life and say, this is what you should think about it.He will give you the raw materials, he'll give you the stories, he'll give you a flavor of the details of the life, and then posterity can look there and can see, for example, the disagreements between Hobbes and Isaac Newton. There are people who've written lives of Hooke and Newton. And there are people who've written lives and you can be team Newton or team Hooke. Interestingly, Aubrey is team Hooke. He doesn't write a life of Newton. And he wants, as I said, to do well by Hooke. But his way of doing that isn't to say Mr.Hooke was fantastic and Newton robbed him of lots of his ideas. He says, let me show you, let me assemble and make a catalog, if I can, of all these hundreds of contributions that Hooke made.OLIVER: When did you discover Aubrey?SCURR: So I discovered Aubrey because I was reviewing for the LRB, The Biographer's Tale, and I had come across a really interesting—and it's still in the introduction to my book—a really interesting reflection on the difference between Aubrey and Lytton Strachey, a reflection made by Anthony Powell, and I had quoted it or alluded to it in my review. And I had gone and started to read Aubrey as a result of that. So I was led to it through reviewing, via Anthony Powell, and then into the Brief Lives.But then another very strange thing happened, which is I met for the very first time, Janet Malcolm, who is someone who became very important in my life. And because she knew or had been told that I'd written this review, she read the review before we met. And she said to me, she said, “Ruth, I read your review”—and I doubt Janet Malcolm was a massive fan of A.S. Byatt, to be absolutely honest. We never really discussed that further, but she said, “I read your review and I was really interested in this Aubrey. I was so interested in what you quoted about Aubrey and the difference between his biographical approach and Lytton Strachey.”And then it sort of stuck in my mind and suddenly as I was coming toward the end of my first book, which was a totally different book on Robespierre and the French Revolution, I just knew I wanted to write about Aubrey. And I think at the time my then-husband really thought I'd gone mad actually, because you're not supposed to do that, are you?I mean, you're supposed to stick in your period and certainly build on it. So, you know, a book on Marra or even Napoleon would've been okay, that would've made sense. But to circle back to the 17th century and write about Aubrey seemed extremely eccentric.OLIVER: Well, what was Janet Malcolm like?SCURR: Oh, Janet was absolutely wonderful. She has this reputation of being sort of terrifying. And, of course, I was extremely interested in her forensic examination of biography which we had very interesting conversations about. She was a deeply kind person, extremely nurturing of younger writers, and extremely funny as well.That's the other thing that you don't associate with her sometimes from this sort of public image of a very austere interviewer, The Journalist and the Murderer, In the Freud Archives, et cetera. Actually, she was a really warm and extremely witty person.OLIVER: A lot of historians don't think biography is real history. Why do you take biography seriously?SCURR: Well, Michael Holroyd writes Works on Paper—and I love Michael Holroyd so much. And he has this wonderful line—I won't remember it exactly—but it's about biography being the b*****d offspring of history and the novel, and both are ashamed of it.And I think some of those distinctions actually have broken down. I know lots of historians who are very interested in biographical writing. I think it depends. There are certain historical schools that maybe are not so interested in lives.And to be fair, the history of ideas is—which I belong to, and in a sense I'm a rebel from—is one of those. I remember there coming a point where I had spent so much time thinking about the constitutional ideas for the representative republic in the middle of the French Revolution, that actually the French Revolution could have been happening on Mars for all it mattered about the actual sequence of events. What mattered was the structure of the ideas.And it's difficult because the school I belong to in Cambridge wants to put the ideas into context all the time. But again, by context you don't really mean people's lives; more the discourses and the conversations and the ideas of the time that are the landscape, the intellectual landscape, if you like.So I rebelled at a certain point and I was like, well, you know, I'm actually going to go through the revolution day by day because that period is short. And I think it really matters, the lived experience there. I think many, many history books quote Aubrey with enormous respect and say, “as Aubrey says,” or, “according to Aubrey,” and pull those details forwards.I suppose some history is quite instrumental in its use of biography, so it wants to draw the reader in with a few anecdotes and a little bit of what does somebody wear on their head? And who was their first love, that kind of thing. But it's perhaps not very engaged with the real work of trying to capture the shape or the feel of a life.OLIVER: And of a temperament, right? I think one thing biography gives us is that sense that a lot of these big decisions or events in history are quite temperamental. As well as being based in ideas and events.SCURR: Oh, yeah. Absolutely.OLIVER: Your life of Aubrey, at one point you tried to write as a novel.SCURR: Yeah. I had to stop that quite fast.OLIVER: Why?SCURR: Because Aubrey is too important. I didn't want to make up things for him. As someone who's come right up to that line of the history and the novel, I do think it's very clear to be on one side or the other. And again, going back to Hilary Mantel, she wrote those wonderful Reith Lectures on historical fiction.And, like her, I think that it's not about ignoring the facts or embellishing the facts. It is about the gaps. It's about imagining what isn't in the record and should have been, and trying to reconstruct that inside the novel. But at the time, I felt that the gaps with Aubrey didn't actually matter that much.There was so much there that I could pull together to give a sense of him and his sensibility. Now actually, scholars in this field will all be very, very keen to advance our knowledge of those gaps. And that's wonderful. You know, what exactly was Aubrey doing when he visited France? You know, at the time I wrote my book that seemed very unclear.I think my colleague in Oxford, Kate Bennett, knows that now and will write her own biography. And she will fill in many of these gaps that I sort of happily included in the form that I'd found for his life because giving him that first person voice, I was able to focus on the evidence that I thought had been very underused at that point.OLIVER: Now Kate Bennett did a wonderful edition of the Brief Lives with lots of excellent footnotes and investigations. And you wrote that it gave us a new understanding of Aubrey.SCURR: Absolutely. And of the lives themselves. And Kate and I got to know each other and became friends while we were both writing our books. And people we knew before we met were very keen to sort of set us against each other. So they would wind us up. I would meet someone and they'd say, “Ruth, there you are. You've written a book about the French Revolution and now you are going to write a book about Aubrey. But don't you know there is a scholar in Oxford who spent her entire academic life working on Aubrey?” And it built up a picture of fear that you shouldn't trespass on somebody else's ground.And then people would do a sort of reverse thing to her that they would say, “Oh, Kate, gosh, you've been working a long time on Aubrey and where is your Clarendon edition after all? And did you know there's somebody in Cambridge who's going to write this popular book about Aubrey?”Anyway, finally we met at a conference and we really actually just liked each other and we decided it's fine. I was doing my thing. She's doing something very different. And we became friends, and I see that as a triumph over a sort of more traditional, maybe even dare I say, male and territorial approach to academic life and to knowledge in general actually.OLIVER: Yeah. Because the two books are great complements to each other. They're not rivalrous in that sense.SCURR: Absolutely not. Kate's book, it's not just an addition. It's as much as you can ever do. It's a reconstruction of the manuscript as Aubrey left it and intended it with all the gaps and the notes to himself to fill this in. And his changes of mind and his deletions and all of that. And so it's an astonishing thing. Because it's not just a copy of it. It takes you in, it helps you understand what he was intending with those collections, as you called them, my pretty collections.And so that edition that she had been working on for a very long time came out in 2015, the same year as my book came out. And it felt like an amazing year for Aubrey. And now, we'll be celebrating the 400th anniversary of his birth. But that year, 2015, was a very special, obviously for us, but I think for Aubrey more broadly.OLIVER: How much of an influence has Aubrey had on English biography?SCURR: As we know, there's the huge influence in terms of “Aubrey says.” Open any book on the 17th century, and it will be “Aubrey says,” “according to Aubrey,” et cetera. So a huge influence in that respect. With regard to the actual form, I think it's very, very pervasive and important, and we have to look at it very carefully.I mentioned earlier the very important difference between what Aubrey does and what Lytton Strachey did. There are some similarities in so far as Strachey will go for the vivid detail. He give you these powerful anecdotes. But actually he spins them as well.And that's what Anthony Powell so brilliantly showed. And the example was of Francis Bacon, the life of Francis Bacon who Aubrey has a description of Bacon right at the end of his life, the circumstances leading up to Bacon's death where he is on Highgate Hill and he decides to conduct an experiment to see if snow will preserve a chicken or a hen as well as salt. So he is stuffing this carcass of the hen with snow. Catches a cold, ends up having to stay with a friend, sleeps in a bed that hasn't been aired for a long time, and dies. And that's the end of Lord Bacon.So Aubrey gives us all this, and then along comes Lytton Strachey. And he takes it, and he says an old man disgraced, shattered, alone on Highgate Hill, stuffing a dead foul with snow, which makes it sound like he's lost his mind at the end of his life. And then Anthony Powell examined that and he said, look, the story of stuffing the hen with snow is Aubrey's.Bacon was certainly an old man at the time of the incident. He was disgraced. He may have been shattered. No doubt at times he was alone. But Aubrey's story of stuffing the foul on Highgate Hill shows Bacon accompanied by the king's physician, conducting a serious experiment to test the preservative properties of snow and, on becoming indisposed, finding accommodation in the house of the Earl of Arundel.And so you take that same story and, as Anthony Powell says, you combine the story, the fragment preserved by Aubrey with some epithets, and you convey an oblique point. It's a biographical method for actually building up a picture of the person. And it really matters what you do with those fragments.So I think the fact that Aubrey is pretty pure about this, he gives you the fragments and another biographer might come along and think, okay, what's going on here with Venetia Stanley and dying in her bed after drinking Viper wine? Let's build up a story about that. And there was a rumor at the time that her husband had murdered her, et cetera. Aubrey doesn't comment. He just gives you the fragment. And I think afterwards, people have not only used the fragments in their own work, but they've also developed a technique of working up those fragments into whatever picture you decide as a biographer you are going to draw.OLIVER: Now as well as a historian, you are a literary critic. You review novels. You are a Hilary Mantel admirer. Who else among the modern fiction writers do you admire?SCURR: Amongst the modern fiction writers? I'm getting quite old, Henry. Lots of my people are dead now. Alice Monroe is someone I'm extremely interested in. Hilary Manel, obviously, Beryl Bainbridge, Penelope Fitzgerald. And I love the fact Penelope Fitzgerald was a biographer simultaneously with becoming a novelist.And I was thinking back to this actually, that Charlotte Mew and Her Friends—that's the title. And then the Anthony Powell is John Aubrey and His Friends. And I was thinking, is there something about these people who have a lot of friends and the biographical genre? It's interesting.In terms of younger people writing, I just read a wonderful short story by Gwendoline Riley in the latest Paris Review. “A–Z” it's called—very disturbing. Very, very good story. And Gwendoline has a novel coming out later this year, which I shall read with enormous interest. It's going to be called Palm House. I absolutely revered George Saunders, although I haven't yet read Vigil. I'm only on Substack for George Saunders and you Henry. That's it, basically.OLIVER: That shows very good taste.SCURR: Very good taste. Yeah. And a couple of others. My friend Danielle Allen's The Renovator, I also subscribe to, but very few. But George Saunders wrote a wonderful post on his Substack about maybe a year and a half, maybe more even ago, about how he found the solution to the beginning of Lincoln in the Bardo. And he wanted to find a way to tell the story of the death of Lincoln's son. It's so typical of him—and I love this—he said he didn't want the ghosts. He knew it was going to be narrated by the ghosts in the morgue. And he couldn't have them coming home one evening saying, “Oh, you know, I just popped over the wall and had a look in through the White House window. And guess what I saw?” So how was he going to get the voices in?And then he said he'd got these extracts from the letters and from the literature that he needed. And he ended up putting them all on the floor and thinking, what order shall I put them in? And that reminded me of when I was struggling to find a way to write about Aubrey. I suddenly had the idea that I could just put them as diary entries without comment.I would sort of curate these entries and things like that. So, that was a very interesting moment for me about sort of the construction and the choices that go in both to writing a novel and to writing, in my case, a sort of experimental biography.OLIVER: So Hilary Mantel, Lincoln in the Bardo, Penelope Fitzgerald, Beryl Bainbridge—there's a lot of historical fiction here. This is the genre you most enjoy. It's been a sort of golden age for historical fiction.SCURR: But those people aren't just historical fiction writers. It's very important. They have all written historical fiction, but actually they write other novels as well. It doesn't matter the order in their careers, they go in and out of it. So I would say that actually it's those people as writers and sensibilities that attract me.Anita Brookner is another example. I love Anita Brookner's novels. I also love her book on David, the revolutionary painter, that she wrote—Jacques-Louis David—that's a fantastic book. So there's a sense in which I see them as writers and the genre of historical fiction, you are right, it does cut across, but I don't think that's what I'm following. I think I'm following what I find on the page from a particular sensibility and of course a command of language, which is in all of those cases, absolutely extraordinary.OLIVER: Because they're all quite innovative as historical novelists as well. And it's not the main part of what is recognized as their achievement in a way.SCURR: No, no.OLIVER: It's been quietly a second great period of the historical novel. It seems crazy to say Hilary Mantel is our Walter Scott, but that is quite high praise.SCURR: So I think you deal much more definitely than I do with these sort of epoch-defining ideas. I think I'm just more intermittently focused on particular things that I like. I used to do an enormous amount of reviewing. I've had to stop it because—talk about being the whetstone.I was constantly reviewing when I was in my 30s and much of my 40s actually. And I don't regret it in the least. And one of the reasons I don't regret it, especially with novels, was because I would never have read all those novels if I hadn't been reviewing them.And even some of the nonfiction, I wouldn't. But here's an example: Because I'd been reviewing so much, I ended up quite early 2007, becoming a Booker judge. And part of that process is that anyone who's been on the list before they automatically get entered by the publisher—McEwen and Barnes, et cetera. Fine.And then the publisher can put forward two books they choose and they can be anything. And then they assemble a list of so-called call-ins. And those are the books where the publisher says, “Oh, please, please call this in. I mean, we didn't make it one of our two, but we think it's absolutely amazing and you must read it.” And you think, well, if it's so amazing, what were you doing not making it one of your two. But anyway, whatever, we call it in. And on that call-in list there was actually, Anne Enright's novel, The Gathering, and that ended up winning the year I was a judge.And I knew Anne Enright's writing because I had reviewed several of her earlier books, especially one called What Are You Like?, which is quite obscure. It's not the book people think of when they think about Anne Enright. But I knew because I'd done all that time in the reviewing trenches, as it were, how extraordinary Anne Enright is as a writer. And we were able to say, well, absolutely go ahead and call this in. And then sure enough it won.OLIVER: What about biography? Modern biography? You like Michael Holroyd?SCURR: Well, we've already talked about Janet Malcolm. She's a sort of anti-biographer in some respect, sort of subversive of the entire genre. I very much like and respect Antonia Fraser's historical biographies and especially her one of Marie Antoinette which, again, came out very close to when my Robespierre book came out. And it's like seeing the other side of the story and that was absolutely extraordinary.And one of the biographies I go back to over and over again I'm extremely interested in Virginia Woolf. You are obviously a fan with The Common Reader. I was looking at it, preparing for this, that she's got this absolutely hilarious short biography of John Evelyn, and it is called Rambling Round Evelyn. Do you know it?OLIVER: Yes.SCURR: It's so beautifully constructed. It's got the butterflies landing on the dahlias pretty much throughout the actual text of the short biography. But then it's got this brilliant bit where she sort of makes fun of John Evelyn. And she says, the difference between then and now is, if we saw a red admiral, we would admire it, but we wouldn't—and this is very mean of her—we wouldn't rush into the kitchen and get a kitchen knife in order to dissect the red admiral's head. Right? It's so ridiculous and it so makes fun of Evelyn.I was listening to the podcast you made with Hermione Lee. And Hermione was saying that she thought what made Woolf such a good critic was that she was very empathetic. But I also think she's capable of that kind of sharp, wicked distance as well, where she goes, I see you, John Evelyn, you are so proud of your garden, and you're actually—looked at from my point of view—a bit of an idiot in some respects as well.OLIVER: I like her because she's so judgmental, which is not a very popular thing to say, but she is. She is really capable of saying that, you know, as long as prose will be read, Addison will be read. But on the other hand, he's boring and rambling and not very good in many ways. Absolutely cutting.SCURR: No, totally, totally. Yeah.OLIVER: What about some of the sort of big names: Richard Holmes, Claire Tomalin?SCURR: Yeah. Oh, Claire, absolutely. I mean, goodness, they've been such influences on me, both of them. Absolutely Richard and his Footsteps and then of course, and those other books, The Ratters of Lightning Ridge and then The Age of Wonder. That's so important, so wonderful.Claire, I revere, I loved and still recommend to my students her book on Mary Wollstonecraft. I also, by the way, love Virginia Woolf's essay on Mary Wollstonecraft. I think that's a different sort of thing where Woolf describes Mary Wollstonecraft pursuing her lover like a dolphin. She won't let him go. He thought he'd hooked a minnow. He wasn't expecting a dolphin to come after him. It was Mary Wollstonecraft. So, Claire Tomalin, her Peyps, Hardy, absolutely hugely important books and deeply, deeply humane actually.And that's the other thing, I think biography, by definition, you do get the sharpness of Woolf or Strachey, but I think to put someone else's life at the center of your book, that's a humane act. It's to say, no, I'm going to spend this number years of my life preserving and communicating this other person's life. And that's a very wonderful thing to do.OLIVER: What do you think of the sort of standard criticism of biography, that it's just not accurate enough? So, for example, Austen Scholars will point to various things in the Tomalin biography where she's deleted the facts or said things to make the narrative flow, but it's just not really accurate enough. The novelistic tendency overwhelms the historical one or whatever. You've obviously avoided that with various decisions you made in the Aubrey book, but as a genre.SCURR: I'd never say that. That would be a real hostage to fortune, wouldn't it?OLIVER: Well, you know what I mean?SCURR: And saying, look at, look at this—OLIVER: Page 28.SCURR: —at this piece of nonsense you introduced. Well, accuracy is extremely important. What I think about that is it all contributes to knowledge. If someone comes along and finds a mistake or wants to bring in some other evidence—And actually Kate Bennett, she does this with Aubrey as well. She says that, oh, Aubrey's really got this wrong, or he's gotten in a muddle about that. She's not saying, and therefore let's just chuck it out because it's inaccurate. You need to see this as well as that. So I think of it more as a collaborative relationship about adding to knowledge and if somebody corrects a previous book or previous claim or something, or point something, then that's fine actually.Again, going back to Holroyd, he thought that that biography was an art form constrained by the facts. So he's got a place for art in it. And I know what he means by that. And I think ultimately that's probably why I couldn't write a novel about a biographical subject because of being constrained by the facts. And yet Hilary Mantel has written many historical novels that are absolutely constrained by the facts. It's just what they're doing besides the facts, alongside the facts. So perhaps some people are going to come along and contribute other information and other people will come along and contribute some imaginative answer to the whole. And both are fine. I think we should be liberal broad church here.OLIVER: Is the genre dying?SCURR: Not so far as I'm aware. We are always doing this about genres dying, aren't we? Those things are always dying.OLIVER: People talk about biography dying a lot.SCURR: Well, perhaps they do. I haven't been listening to that. Why do they say it's dying?OLIVER: Because you can't sell these 700-page lives of people.SCURR: We can't sell most books. I mean, if we're going to go buy sales . . .OLIVER: This, yeah. Well, this story in The Times recently as well, that all the nonfiction that sells now is trash and that the serious books aren't there. And the whole civilization's dying routine.SCURR: Well if it is, we just have to carry on doing what we are doing.OLIVER: Yeah. What do you think is going to be the future of biography? Because I think more than a lot of other nonfiction genres, it's so changeable, it's so flexible. If you look at any decade, you see so much variety in structure and form. What do you think is coming next?SCURR: I'm like Aubrey; I think that's going to be for posterity to decide. As long as there are human beings, we will tell stories and we will want to tell stories about ourselves, and we will want to tell stories about the people we have loved and or hated, or the people who we think matter, for whatever reason, in science, in art, in literature. There will always be a need for the story of the human life.I think it will inevitably change enormously in ways that we couldn't possibly imagine. Just as Aubrey knew that he couldn't possibly imagine what posterity was going to make of the information that he had collected, and he didn't think that was something that he should be constrained by. He thought it was about passing it on.OLIVER: And what will Ruth Scurr do next?SCURR: I'll ask her. I think she's supposed to be writing about Rousseau and is very excited about that, but has been massively distracted by the Royal Society of Literature and becoming chair of that. So, I'm trying to pull myself back into my project. And I was very excited actually, because again, when I was looking at The Common Reader I saw Woolf refer to the Montaigne, Pepys, and Rousseau as people who had provided these spectacular portraits of themselves. And I was very excited by that. So I'm going to write a book about Rousseau and his time in England.OLIVER: Very exciting. I look forward to it. Ruth Scurr, author of John Aubrey: My Own Life, thank you very much.SCURR: Thank you, Henry. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.commonreader.co.uk

This episode we get deeper into the French Revolution, from the eyes of the radical politician Maximilien Robespierre. Society is about to change rapidly and shockingly in the leadup to the Reign of Terror, including a new calendar which will leave Eliza outraged. ⚜️ Visit our website ⁠for episode images, score summaries and more! Contact us by ⁠Email⁠, or follow us on ⁠Instagram⁠, our ⁠Facebook Group⁠ or ⁠BlueSky⁠. Make sure you leave us a review on ⁠Apple Podcasts⁠, ⁠Spotify⁠ or wherever you listen. You can also support the show on ⁠Patreon⁠! Join the official Angry Mob and get access to our bonus content: movie reviews, deep dives, bonus biographies and our exclusive spinoff series rating the Royal Mistresses. ⚜️ Battle Royale's intro music is ⁠"Dansez" by Fasion⁠. Go check out more of their stuff ⁠here⁠. Our outro is "Ça ira", a French Revolutionary song, performed by the late great Edith Piaf. ⚜️ Details of our 5 categories used to rate the French Monarchs can be found ⁠on our website⁠. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Emre Dündar, Spekülatif'in bu bölümde narsisizmin tarihsel kökenlerinden günümüz popüler kültürüne uzanan etkilerini inceliyor. Antik Yunan'da “kendini bil” felsefesinden başlayarak Narcissus miti ve Nergis Çiçeği üzerinden narsisizmin alegorik temellerini anlatıyor. Tarihte Stalin, Hitler, Mussolini, Napolyon ve Robespierre gibi büyük liderlerin narsisistik kişilik bozukluklarıyla nasıl tarih yazdığını ve topluma zarar verdiğini tartışıyor. Günümüzde sosyal medya ve dijital platformlar üzerinden narsisistik davranışların görünürlüğünün artışı, popülizmin yükselişi ve kolektif narsisizmin tehlikeleri ele alınıyor. Ayrıca Dündar, kırılgan narsisizm ve grandioza (büyüklenmeci) narsisizm arasındaki farkları, Werther örneği üzerinden açıklıyor. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

From the Cult of Reason to the Caribbean colonies, this Q&A episode unpacks your questions on a range of topics and hypotheticals!Questions include: 1. Could the Cult of Reason ever succeed? 2. Were “federalist” constitutional priests a real threat, or Jacobin paranoia? 3. Did universal male suffrage in 1793 include the colonies? What about slavery? 4. Is Fouché's rise already underway, or is it too early? 5. How much did climate and weather impact the revolution?How would things have changed for the constitutional monarchy if harvests had been bountiful? 6. If Lafayette is assassinated before Champ de Mars, how does this impact the revolution? Early Access True Revolutionaries can listen to Episode 1.107 "Robespierre to the Rescue" now! The Grey History Community Help keep Grey History on the air! Every revolution needs its supporters, and we need you! With an ad-free feed, a community discord, a reading club, and tonnes of exclusive bonus content, you're missing out! Do your part for as little as half a cup of coffee per episode! It's the best value on the internet, with the best people too! ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Join Now And Support the Show⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Make a one-off donation⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Contact Me Send your questions, praise, and scorn ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Newsletter ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Sign Up⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for Free Bonus Episode Follow on Social Media: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠X⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Advertising Please contact ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠sales@advertisecast.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ if you would like to advertise on Grey History: The French Revolution and Napoleon. All members of the Grey History Community have an ad-free version of the show. Support the show ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. About Grey History: The French Revolution and Napoleon is a podcast dedicated to exploring the complexities of our history. By examining both the experiences of contemporaries and the conclusions of historians, Grey History seeks to unpack the ambiguities and nuances of the past. Understanding the French Revolution and the age of Napoleon Bonaparte is critical to understanding the history of the world, so join us on a journey through a series of events that would be almost unbelievable if it weren't for the fact that it's true! If you're looking for a binge-worthy history podcast on the Revolution and Napoleon, you're in the right place! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Is Edmund Burke really the founder of modern conservatism? What do his insights into prejudice, natural law, and divine providence mean for us today? Was he justified in opposing the French Revolution so strongly? Find out as we discuss Chapter 2 of Russell Kirk's The Conservative Mind!Follow us on X!Give us your opinions here!

"We all love Thomas Paine. We just wish we liked him." — Jonathan TurleyJonathan Turley's new book asks a deceptively simple question: why did the American Revolution become the longest-running successful democracy while the French Revolution devoured itself? The answer, he argues, lies in Madison's "auxiliary precautions" — constitutional safeguards designed not to eliminate rage but to channel it. Turley draws a direct line from Robespierre to today's calls to pack the Supreme Court and abolish the Senate, warning that removing those precautions invites the same mobocracy that sent the Jacobins to the guillotine. But the real provocation comes in the book's second half: with AI and robotics threatening mass unemployment, America may soon face a "kept population" — citizens subsidized by the state who lose their vital relationship to productivity and self-governance. We discuss Thomas Paine (brilliant about humanity, clueless about humans), why rage itself isn't the enemy, and whether the republic built to handle the 18th century can survive the 21st.About the GuestJonathan Turley is the Shapiro Professor of Public Interest Law at George Washington University Law School. A legal analyst for CBS, NBC, BBC, and Fox News over three decades, he is the author of The Indispensable Right (a bestseller) and the new Rage and the Republic: The Unfinished Story of the American Revolution.Chapters:00:01:14 The uniqueness of the American RevolutionTwo revolutions, two outcomes; Thomas Paine and James Madison as the twin geniuses00:03:53 Paine vs. Madison on democracyPaine wanted direct democracy; it nearly got him guillotined in France00:05:54 Robespierre's transformationThe ACLU lawyer who came to believe "terror is virtue"00:09:01 Thomas Paine: the penman of the revolutionFrom complete failure to revolutionary genius in two years00:11:46 Slavery and the revolution's contradictionsWhy people preferred Jefferson to Paine00:15:43 Franklin's greatest achievementSeeing something in "that heap of human wreckage"00:18:07 What was unique about American rageNot the rage itself, but the system designed to handle it00:25:08 The "New Jacobins"Calls to pack the Supreme Court and abolish the Senate00:26:40 Rage on both sides"Your rage is righteous, their rage is dangerous"00:30:47 AI and the "kept population"Mass unemployment and the citizen's relationship to the state00:39:26 "Gynan" jobsHomocentric industries like psychiatry and education that AI can't replace00:45:00 Why the American Republic is still the best modelDecentralization over EU-style centralizationReferencesFigures discussed:Thomas Paine — arrived in America "barely alive," became the penman of the revolution in two yearsJames Madison — designed the "auxiliary precautions" that prevented American democracy from devouring itselfBenjamin Franklin — paid for Paine's passage to America, saw genius in "that heap of human wreckage"Maximilien Robespierre — began as an advocate for due process, ended declaring "terror is virtue"Jean-Paul Marat — radical journalist, killed by Corday in his bathtub (he bathed constantly due to a skin disease)Charlotte Corday — Republican who assassinated Marat; Robespierre and Danton watched her executionGeorges Danton — joined the moderate Girondin wing; executed by the revolution he helped createArt:The Death of Marat (1793) — Jacques-Louis David's painting of Marat's assassination; David was himself a JacobinHistorical events:The Battle of Fort Wilson (1779) — Philadelphia mob attacked founder James Wilson's home; several killedThe Reign of Terror (1793–94) — nearly all Jacobin leaders guillotined, including Danton and RobespierreBooks mentioned:The Wealth of Nations (1776) — Adam Smith; embraced by the founders as "the perfect companion to their political theory"The Federalist Papers (1787–88) — Hamilton, Madison, and JayAbout Keen On America Nobody asks more impertinent questions than the Anglo-American writer, filmmaker and Silicon Valley entrepreneur Andrew Keen. In Keen On America , Andrew brings his sharp Transatlantic wit to the forces reshaping the United States — hosting daily interviews with leading thinkers and writers about American history, politics, technology, culture, and business. With nearly 2,800 episodes since the show launched on TechCrunch in 2010, Keen On America is the most prolific intellectual interview show in the history of podcasting.WebsiteSubstackYouTubeApple PodcastsSpotify

Dans ce nouvel épisode, on te fait plonger dans le monde fascinant (et un peu flippant

Who knew this was an adaptation of A Tale of Two Cities; Batman was Sidney Carlton, and Bane was Robespierre?

Crâne rasé et la mentale d'un mousquetaire. Le crâne rasé, c'est lui sur la photo, la mentale d'un mousquetaire c'est lui qui le dit. Dans la besace de cet ex-taulard du 9.4 qui a jamais été en taule, même dans sa piaule, y a du gros son, des posters et des noms qui ont laissé des traces dans le frigo de la vie : Malcolm X, Robespierre, Ice Cube, Magic Johnson, Kery James et toute la célèbre clique de Mafia K'1 Fry. (Rediffusion) L'âme de ce collectif hip-hop c'est lui, Samir Salah, plus connu sous le nom de O.G.B. 20 ans de carrière, 1 600 concerts entre la France et le Maghreb et 38 tonnes de doutes pour ce métis des banlieues. Grâce à un lit d'hôpital où il est passé à un cheveu de la grande faucheuse, O.G.B auteur interprète-producteur-régisseur se livre en tant qu'homme, fils, père, poto sur 300 pages au titre évocateur Je suis venu me dire, aux éditions Mindset. Une lecture qui m'a donné envie de cette conversation ESM pour remonter aux origines de l'artiste, même si dans la vie, on ne peut pas pull up comme dans la musique.   À écouter aussiL'artiste Samir Salah, dit OGB, présente son autobiographie «Je suis venu me dire ...»

"Notre histoire immédiate prend, dans l'épaisseur du temps, des reliefs et des couleurs qu'on ne lui verrait pas autrement. Les textes qui suivent sont à un livre ce que les gammes sont au piano. Un journal de bord, une suite de chroniques parfois décalées écrites à mesure. Des “ choses vues ”, ou lues, ou entendues. Il y est question de voyages, de distraction et de lenteur, de bibliothèques et de mots, de Robespierre et de Talleyrand, de ruines, de Milou et de Tintin, de révolutions et d'empires, de liberté, de modes, de Belmondo, des ados, de Paris, de la Russie et d'Odessa, de la reine d'Angleterre, de guerres et de chaussures, de chiens, de lapins, d'oiseaux et de jardins, de permis de conduire, de chevaux et de souvenirs. Bref, l'écume des jours dans le désordre de ce que j'en ai retenu. Je les ai écrits en chasseur de papillons, par bonds et gambades. Je m'y promène en souriant."Emmanuel de Waresquiel est notre invité en partenariat avec le Salon du Livre d'Histoire de Versailles, pour les Interviews HistoireHébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Maximilien Robespierre leads France into the maw of violence and blood. His death ends this period of the French Revolution.Western Civ 2.0 Support

Few revolutions shouted louder about equality, or practiced it more selectively, than the French Revolution. Rabbi Dunner explores the hypocrisy behind Robespierre's so-called “equality” and contrasts it with the genuine partnership of Abraham and Sarah, who modeled true moral equality millennia before France began shouting about liberté, égalité, and fraternité.

In Part 2 of our French Revolution trilogy, Robespierre's flower-crown cult implodes and a petty, brilliant general named Napoleon steps in with pure Trump energy—loud, polarizing, unstoppable.It's chaos, charisma, and control issues baked into one croissant-flaky empire.This episode of Crowned & Cancelled dives into the psychology of power, propaganda, and why the people who scream for freedom always end up crawling back to Daddy...Connect with me in my exclusive community, The Shallontourage and join a crew of high value new besties in my 2026 trips to the Amalfi Coast and Greek Islands!

Né à Strasbourg en 1753, Jean-Baptiste Kléber est un soldat d'exception et un esprit libre. Il tiendra tête à l'intransigeant Robespierre, n'hésitera pas à s'opposer à Napoléon et deviendra pourtant général en chef de l'armée d'Égypte. C'est au Caire, dans son quartier général, que son destin va basculer. Partez sur les traces d'un homme au courage exemplaire, un colosse invaincu sur tous les champs de bataille. Crédits : Lorànt Deutsch, Bruno Deltombe. Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

You've listened to the Revolution — now it's time to live it! I'm thrilled to announce that Grey History Tours are officially happening in 2026! Our first trip will take place in Paris in mid-May, and will run for about a week (approximately 12–19 May). We'll walk the same streets as Lafayette and Robespierre, explore Versailles Palace, and even recreate the Storming of the Bastille. From Marie Antoinette's prison cell to Napoleon's Tomb, the Louvre, and Notre-Dame, you'll experience the Revolution like never before — with exclusive access, expert storytelling, and a small group of fellow history lovers. To join this first-ever tour, I've opened a limited number of Early Access Passes. Each pass gives you priority booking and $150 off next year's tour. It costs $100 — fully refundable at any time — and if you don't use it, you'll automatically get your money back in March 2026.This will be a small-group experience, capped at 20 people, and early interest has already been huge. This is your chance to be first in line! If you've ever thought, “One day I'd love to explore Revolutionary Paris,” this is your moment! Reserve your Early Access Pass now! More Information Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In part one of Crowned & Cancelled's new 3-part series on the French Revolution, I'll explore's Marie Antoinette's (fake!) cake comment, Robespierre's flower crown, and how a country's cry for fresh croissants turned into a full-blown national breakdown. Expect guillotines, gossip, and the psychology behind revolutions that eat their own!Next week: Robespierre faces the music and a little Corsican artillery officer has some tall ideas for the future of France...Join me in Italy and Greece in 2026!

After five years of turmoil, France needed a government. But how? With the Republic increasingly controlled by “rogues and scoundrels,” the battle was on for the Revolution's future. Assailed from all sides, the Committee of Public Safety emerged triumphant. This episode traces Robespierre's parliamentary victory of 25 September 1793, Saint-Just's decree of “Revolutionary Government” on 10 October 1793, and the Convention's decision to remain “until the peace.” From foreign plots and factional struggles to the subordination of ministers and generals, discover how dissent became treason as the Revolution laid the foundations for both survival and dictatorship. Early Access Become a True Revolutionary and listen now to Episode 101: The Foreign Plot! The Grey History Community Help keep Grey History on the air! Every revolution needs its supporters, and we need you! With an ad-free feed, a community discord, a reading club, and tonnes of exclusive bonus content, you're missing out! Do your part for as little as half a cup of coffee per episode! It's the best value on the internet, with the best people too! ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Join Now And Support the Show⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Make a one-off donation⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Contact Me Send your questions, praise, and scorn ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Newsletter ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Sign Up⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for Free Bonus Episode Follow on Social Media: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠X⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Advertising Please contact ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠sales@advertisecast.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ if you would like to advertise on Grey History: The French Revolution and Napoleon. All members of the Grey History Community have an ad-free version of the show. Support the show ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. About Grey History: The French Revolution and Napoleon is a podcast dedicated to exploring the complexities of our history. By examining both the experiences of contemporaries and the conclusions of historians, Grey History seeks to unpack the ambiguities and nuances of the past. Understanding the French Revolution and the age of Napoleon Bonaparte is critical to understanding the history of the world, so join us on a journey through a series of events that would be almost unbelievable if it weren't for the fact that it's true! If you're looking for a binge-worthy history podcast on the Revolution and Napoleon, you're in the right place! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Troy breaks down the Cult of Reason and The French Revolution. Many have heard of the French Revolution but often skip the spiritual aspects of this world-changing moment. It makes it very hard to understand what happened in France in those days. Listen as Troy breaks down Robespierre's happiest day, the Cult of Reason where the French paraded a woman dressed as a goddess down the streets and bowed down to her, and the genocide against Christians in southern France. Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/revived-thoughts6762/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Qu'appelle-t-on la Révolution française ? Dans quel contexte intervient-elle ? Qui sont ses acteurs et ses grandes figures ? Qui en sort victorieux et pourquoi ?C'est à ces questions que nous tentons de répondre dans cet épisode du podcast Ozé avec l'historien Jean-Marc Schiappa, auteur de plusieurs ouvrages sur le sujet. Dernièrement :Découvrir la Révolution française, Éditions Sociales, 2025Relire la Révolution française, Fayard, 2025Gracchus Babeuf, Fayard, 2023Les Communistes sous le Directoire, Delga, 2020

In this episode, we give you a look at the type of programs we share on the Old Time Radio Snack Wagon:Wings Over JordanJourney back to the 1940s and listen to an episode of Wings Over Jordan, a top-rated network radio program originating from Cleveland.The series featured a performance by all-Black Choir based in Cleveland, Ohio. We talk about the group's history and then listen to one of their network radio programs.Diamond Dramas: The Pitt DiamondThis episode of Diamond Dramas takes a look at British Governor Thomas Pitt's acquisition of what became known as the Regent Diamond.Originated from Salt Lake CityOriginal Air Date: October 14, 1935Famous Escapes: Escapes from RobespierreEmbark on a daring journey to 1793 France with Adam Graham as he presents a gripping tale from the Australian golden age of radio. In this episode of "Famous Escapes," we're thrust into the tumultuous era of the French Revolution, where the fierce Robespierre reigns and the threat of the guillotine looms large. Discover the cunning plan of the Count de Mayu and his allies to outwit their oppressors and secure freedom against all odds.Original Air Date: 1938Abroad with the Lockharts: Planning a Trip to EuropeReal-life husband and wife Gene and Kathleen Lockhart star in this travel radio series.In the first episode, Mrs. Lockhart sets out to persuade her businessman/husband Will to take her to Europe for their tenth anniversary. But does he really have a choice?This program originally aired in August 1930 Subscribe to the Old TIme Radio Snack Wagon at http://www.snackwagon.net or wherever you download your podcasts from.Support the show on a one-time basis at http://support.greatdetectives.net.Mail a donation to: Adam Graham, PO Box 15913, Boise, Idaho 83715Take the listener survey at http://survey.greatdetectives.netGive us a call at 208-991-4783Follow us on Instagram at http://instagram.com/greatdetectivesFollow us on Twitter @radiodetectivesJoin us again tomorrow for another detective drama from the Golden Age of Radio.

From monsters to myths, this episode unpacks the Vendée with Professor Jean-Clément Martin. One of the foremost authorities on the civil war, Martin shows how factional politics transformed local unrest into a national catastrophe. We explore how chaos and rivalries drove atrocities, why the conflict cannot be defined as genocide, and why “the Terror” should be seen not as historical reality but as a political invention. Video Versions: Patreon Further Reading La Vendée et la France (1987) Robespierre. La fabrication d'un monstre (2016) La Terreur. Vérités et légendes (2017) “The Vendée, chouannerie, and the State, 1791–99,” in Peter McPhee (ed.), A Companion to the French Revolution (2013) Vendée In Images ⁠Depictions of key events and leaders⁠ Early Access Become a True Revolutionary and listen now to Episode 99 English & French Revolutions with History of England. The Grey History Community Help keep Grey History on the air! Every revolution needs its supporters, and we need you! With an ad-free feed, a community discord, a reading club, and tonnes of exclusive bonus content, you're missing out! Do your part for as little as half a cup of coffee per episode! It's the best value on the internet, with the best people too! ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Join Now And Support the Show⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Make a one-off donation⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Contact Me Send your questions, praise, and scorn ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Newsletter ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Sign Up⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for Free Bonus Episode Follow on Social Media: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠X⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Advertising Please contact ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠sales@advertisecast.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ if you would like to advertise on Grey History: The French Revolution and Napoleon. All members of the Grey History Community have an ad-free version of the show. Support the show ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. About Grey History: The French Revolution and Napoleon is a podcast dedicated to exploring the complexities of our history. By examining both the experiences of contemporaries and the conclusions of historians, Grey History seeks to unpack the ambiguities and nuances of the past. Understanding the French Revolution and the age of Napoleon Bonaparte is critical to understanding the history of the world, so join us on a journey through a series of events that would be almost unbelievable if it weren't for the fact that it's true! If you're looking for a binge-worthy history podcast on the Revolution and Napoleon, you're in the right place! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Histoire d'une vie est un podcast Europe 1. - Présentation : Marc Menant  - Production : Clara Leger  - Réalisation : Julien Tharaud  - Diffusion : Estelle Lafont et Clara Leger   Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

In this episode we look at what happened in the French Revolution with historian John Hardman! We look at the political side of the revolution, how the King began the revolution and the actions of Robespierre!Grab a copy of The French Revolution: A Political HistoryIf you want to get in touch with History with Jackson email: jackson@historywithjackson.co.ukTo support History with Jackson to carry on creating content subscribe to History with Jackson+ on Apple Podcasts or support us on our Patreon!To catch up on everything to do with History with Jackson head to www.HistorywithJackson.co.ukFollow us on Facebook at @HistorywithJacksonFollow us on Instagram at @HistorywithJacksonFollow us on X/Twitter at @HistorywJacksonFollow us on TikTok at @HistorywithJackson Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Synopsis Of Tonight's Group on The Evergetinos Volume II Hypothesis XXXV Section A paragraphs 1-5: “One should never become angry or shout at anyone. An irascible man, even if he should raise the dead is not acceptable before God!” Such thoughts from the fathers already set the tone of this hypothesis and begin to challenge our sensibilities; the way that we deal with annoyances, direct attacks against ourselves or the faith or in a broader way the way the way we deal with violence in the world. What is the role, the place, of the Christian in an age of such vindictiveness and hostility to the other? How can we not only avoid being drawn into the passion of anger and move to the defensive position but also love as Christ loves? How does Christ's meekness and gentleness shape the way that we engage others? So often our ego leads us to hold onto things with a tight grip. This includes our opinions and judgments as well as material goods. Have our hearts been formed with such humility that we can drop our position when a discussion tends towards anger or can we leave behind the work of our own hands the circumstances are such that if we do not abandon it we will be drawn into conflict? In other words, do we place the things of this world or our own dignity and sense of self-respect above the love and the gentleness of Christ?  It is only in the silence of prayer, prolonged and unmeasured, that the grace of God frees us from our own ego. Only by experiencing the profound love, compassion, mercy, and understanding that we have received from God will a spirit of gratitude well up within us. It is then that we are compelled to love. What could we possibly lose that we would not gain back a hundredfold in Christ? If we have been made sons and daughters of God and if we live in the Spirit that has been given to us and we should fear nothing. And where there is no fear - there is only love! --- Text of chat during the group: 00:09:17 Fr. Charbel Abernethy: Page 269 New Hypothesis 00:13:21 Andrew Adams: Yes, you can shut off things like whiteboard in Zoom. 00:13:35 Bob Čihák, AZ: P 269 New Hypothesis 35 00:13:39 Adam Paige: Reacted to "Yes, you can shut of…" with

Today's marathon episode is about the French revolutionary figure Maximilien Robespierre, whose apparent lack of sexuality has been a point of discussion for scholars ever since his death. Join us as we try to find the real man behind more than two hundred years of conflicting propaganda, explore methods of approaching history on the asexual spectrum, and add to the pantheon of Queer As Fact historical pets. Check out our website, where you can find our sources, as well as everything there is to know about Queer as Fact. If you enjoy our content, consider supporting us on Patreon, checking out our merch, and following us on Instagram, Tumblr and Bluesky. [Image: Wikimedia Commons, Portrait of Maximilien Robespierre, c. 1790, anonymous artist]

We've reached a point in our French Revolution discussion where we can no longer tell the story through the lives of women, because women were excluded from leadership roles. So instead, special guest Allison Epstein joins us to explain who were the men who led the French Revolution (badly). Time to learn about the Spice Boys: Danton, Marat, Saint-Just, Robespierre, and Desmoulins! — ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Preorder info for Ann's upcoming book, Rebel of the Regency!⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ — ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠RSVP for the Vulgar History in-person meet-up in Toronto!⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ — Get 15% off all the gorgeous jewellery and accessories at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠common.era.com/vulgar⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ or go to ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠commonera.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and use code VULGAR at checkout — Get Vulgar History merch at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠vulgarhistory.com/store⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (best for US shipping) and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠vulgarhistory.redbubble.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (better for international shipping) — ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Support Vulgar History on Patreon ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ — Vulgar History is an affiliate of Bookshop.org, which means that a small percentage of any books you click through and purchase will come back to Vulgar History as a commission. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Use this link to shop there and support Vulgar History.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Demonic: How the Liberal Mob Is Endangering America by Ann Coulter. French Revolution chapter 6 All of Ann Coulter's Books are a must have on every Conservatives' bookshelf. Buy them Today... All of them!   The demon is a mob, and the mob is demonic. The Democratic Party activates mobs, depends on mobs, coddles mobs, publicizes and celebrates mobs—it is the mob. Sweeping in its scope and relentless in its argument, Demonic explains the peculiarities of liberals as standard groupthink behavior. To understand mobs is to understand liberals.   In her most provocative book to date, Ann Coulter argues that liberals exhibit all the psychological characteristics of a mob, for instance:   Liberal Groupthink: “The same mob mentality that leads otherwise law-abiding people to hurl rocks at cops also leads otherwise intelligent people to refuse to believe anything they haven't heard on NPR.” Liberal Schemes: “No matter how mad the plan is—Fraternité, the ‘New Soviet Man,' the Master Race, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, Building a New Society, ObamaCare—a mob will believe it.” Liberal Enemies: “Instead of ‘counterrevolutionaries,' liberals' opponents are called ‘haters,' ‘those who seek to divide us,' ‘tea baggers,' and ‘right-wing hate groups.' Meanwhile, conservatives call liberals ‘liberals'—and that makes them testy.” Liberal Justice: “In the world of the liberal, as in the world of Robespierre, there are no crimes, only criminals.” Liberal Violence: “If Charles Manson's followers hadn't killed Roman Polanski's wife, Sharon Tate, Clinton would have pardoned him, too, and he'd probably be teaching at Northwestern University.”   Citing the father of mob psychology, Gustave Le Bon, Coulter catalogs the Left's mob behaviors: the creation of messiahs, the fear of scientific innovation, the mythmaking, the preference for images over words, the lack of morals, and the casual embrace of contradictory ideas. Coulter traces the history of the liberal mob to the French Revolution and Robespierre's revolutionaries (delineating a clear distinction from America's founding fathers), who simply proclaimed that they were exercising the “general will” before slaughtering their fellow citizens “for the good of mankind.” Similarly, as Coulter demonstrates, liberal mobs, from student radicals to white-trash racists to anti-war and pro-ObamaCare fanatics today, have consistently used violence to implement their idea of the “general will.” This is not the American tradition; it is the tradition of Stalin, of Hitler, of the guillotine—and the tradition of the American Left. As the heirs of the French Revolution, Democrats have a history that consists of pandering to mobs, time and again, while Republicans, heirs to the American Revolution, have regularly stood for peaceable order. Hoping to muddy this horrifying truth, liberals slanderously accuse conservatives of their own crimes—assassination plots, conspiracy theorizing, political violence, embrace of the Ku Klux Klan. Coulter shows that the truth is the opposite: Political violence—mob violence—is always a Democratic affair. Surveying two centuries of mob movements, Coulter demonstrates that the mob is always destructive. And yet, she argues, beginning with the civil rights movement in the sixties, Americans have lost their natural, inherited aversion to mobs. Indeed, most Americans have no idea what they are even dealing with.             Only by recognizing the mobs and their demonic nature can America begin to defend itself.

ORIGINALLY RELEASED Aug 29, 2022   The rallying cry of liberty, equality, and fraternity echoed through the streets of revolutionary France—and still reverberates through history. In this episode, we examine the French Revolution as a foundational rupture in world history, one that shattered the old feudal order and set the stage for modern capitalism, liberal democracy, and the revolutionary tradition from which subsequent socialist and communist movements would draw inspiration. From the class uprising of the sans-culottes to the radical egalitarian vision of the Jacobins, and from the fall of the monarchy to the rise of Napoleon, we follow the dialectical unfolding of hope and horror, progress and betrayal. What did the revolution achieve, where did it fall short, and what lessons can today's revolutionaries draw from the fire that consumed the Ancien Régime?   Stella joins Breht to discuss (and put a unique communist spin) on the great French Revolution!   Check out our Haitian Revolution episode HERE   Check out our Paris Commune episode HERE ---------------------------------------------------- Support Rev Left and get access to bonus episodes: www.patreon.com/revleftradio Make a one-time donation to Rev Left at BuyMeACoffee.com/revleftradio Follow, Subscribe, & Learn more about Rev Left Radio HERE Outro Beat Prod. by flip da hood

+ George Foreman, Napoleon, Left Turn, Blockbuster, Benedict Arnold, Robespierre, Snake Draft!You can find every episode of this show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify or YouTube. Prime Members can listen ad-free on Amazon Music. For more, visit barstool.link/twistedhistory

“From this place and from this day forth commences a new era in the world's history, and you can all say you were present at its birth!” By September 1792, the Prussians, under the leadership of the formidable Duke of Brunswick, were closing in on revolutionary Paris. There, the streets roiled with the clanging of church bells, thousands of volunteers, patriotic songs and slogans, and of course; the dead bodies of all those killed during the September Massacres. It was against this feverish backdrop that on the 20th, the new National Convention - the most democratic of the assemblies yet, with unlimited powers to remake the nation - met at the famous Riding School. And though it was riven by internal rivalries under the contentious three headed triumvirate of Danton, Marat and Robespierre, remake the nation it did. Voting to abolish the monarchy once and for all, the Convention declared the institution of a new world and a new beginning for France, with all state documents from that day forth bearing the immortal words, ‘Year One'. But, with their Prussian enemies baying at the gates, would revolutionary France survive to see more than one year? A great military reckoning was approaching, which would decide the fate of the new Republic and perhaps, universal liberty. As the armies of France and Prussia met for what would prove to be one of the most ideologically significant battles of all time, political tensions were mounting in Paris… Join Dominic and Tom for this crucial, tremulous episode of the French Revolution. With Prussia closing in, bodies littering the streets, and the revolutionary leaders hungry for each other's blood, would the Revolution survive? EXCLUSIVE NordVPN Deal ➼ https://nordvpn.com/restishistory Try it risk-free now with a 30-day money-back guarantee! _______ Twitter: @TheRestHistory @holland_tom @dcsandbrook Producer: Theo Young-Smith Assistant Producer: Tabby Syrett + Aaliyah Akude Executive Producers: Jack Davenport + Tony Pastor Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices