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Send us Fan MailWhat if the reason your class feels hard to sustain is not because your activities are wrong, but because they are standing alone?In this episode of Growing With Proficiency The Podcast, I'm talking about routines that support language acquisition—not classroom procedures like entering the room or turning in papers, but pedagogical routines that create the spaces our students need again and again.We'll look at how routines can help us provide more comprehensible input, build connection, support communication, create moments for reset and regulation, and give students time to consolidate and reflect.Because a sustainable world language class is not built on one perfect activity. It is built on intentional routines that help us use the language in ways that are comprehensible, communicative, and connected.In this episode, you'll learn:Why one great activity is not the same as a sustainable classWhat pedagogical routines are and how they support language acquisitionHow to create repeated spaces for comprehensible input, connection, communication, reset, and reflectionWhy routines need both consistency and flexibilityHow activities like free reading, Calendar Talk, Question of the Day, Star Student Interview, brain breaks, Write and Discuss, free writes, and exit tickets can become part of a sustainable classroom rhythmHow to start mapping your own weekly routine system without adding more overwhelmResources MentionedFree workshop for Spanish teachers: How to Create a Sustainable Spanish Class That Is Comprehensible, Communicative, and ConnectedRegister here: growingwithproficiency.com/tallergratuitoJoin the waitlist for Growing With Proficiency: The Spanish Teacher Academygrowingwithproficiency.com/academyCuéntame podcast by Marta Ruiz YedinakMote Chrome Extension for recording quick listening activitiesEpisode with Dr. Bill VanPatten on the two-myths about language acquisition Episode with Chelsea Lawrence about Silent DiscussionBlog post by John Cowart about using data with free writesThe Spanish Teacher Academy supports Spanish teachers in building effective and sustainable classrooms. Inside the Academy, teachers gain clarity about language acquisition, access ready-to-use units and monthly resources, and receive ongoing support—so they can use more Spanish in class without burning out.
durée : 00:04:18 - Le meilleur de la science - par : Daniel Fiévet - Au sommaire de "La planète des sciences" cette semaine : des bourdons à la bonne humeur communicative, un vomi vieux de 290 millions d'années et une toile d'araignée de plus de 100 m²... Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France
In Part 2 of The Mechanics of Magick: Drumming, Trance, and the Brain, we follow rhythm from the sacred road into the war road and the modern machine. This episode examines war drums, military cadence, synchronized movement, crowd power, ritual physiology, propaganda, slogans, media framing, algorithmic repetition, moral-emotional contagion, and the illusory truth effect. The argument is not that rhythm is evil. The argument is that rhythm is morally flexible and powerful. It can heal, gather, strengthen, command, manipulate, or capture depending on the world built around it. The drum teaches us to hear the visible pulse first, so we can recognize the hidden drums of the modern world: the chant, the slogan, the feed, the notification loop, the soundtrack, the repeated frame, and the rhythm that trains attention before thought has time to speak.Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsBuy Me A Coffeebuymeacoffee.com/TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsRhythm, Marching, Synchrony, and the GroupBodyMcNeill, William H. Keeping Together in Time: Dance and Drill in Human History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995.Use for dance, drill, marching, synchronized movement, and “muscular bonding.” This is one of the best historical anchors for the claim that moving together in time can help bind human groups through the body. It belongs in the war drum, marching, military cadence, procession, and crowd-power material.Wiltermuth, Scott S., and Chip Heath. “Synchrony and Cooperation.” Psychological Science 20, no. 1 (2009): 1–5.Use for the claim that synchronized action can increase cooperation. This supports the argument that marching, chanting, dancing, and acting in time can alter group attachment and behavior.Hove, Michael J., and Jane L. Risen. “It's All in the Timing: Interpersonal Synchrony Increases Affiliation.” Social Cognition 27, no. 6 (2009): 949–960.Use for interpersonal synchrony and affiliation. This supports the softer social-bonding side of rhythm: people who coordinate timing can feel more connected.Tarr, Bronwyn, Jacques Launay, and Robin I. M. Dunbar. “Music and Social Bonding: ‘Self-Other' Merging and Neurohormonal Mechanisms.” Frontiers in Psychology 5 (2014): 1096.Use for music, synchrony, bonding, self-other merging, endorphins, and why rhythmic group activity can feel socially powerful. This belongs in both crowd sections and the “operator as instrument” material.Reddish, Paul, Ronald Fischer, and Joseph Bulbulia. “Let's Dance Together: Synchrony, Shared Intentionality and Cooperation.” PLOS ONE 8, no. 8 (2013): e71182.Use as extra support for synchrony and cooperation. Good optional source if you want more than Wiltermuth and Heath.Ritual Physiology, Crowd Arousal, and Collective EffervescenceKonvalinka, Ivana, Dimitris Xygalatas, Joseph Bulbulia, Uri Schjødt, Else-Marie Jegindø, Sebastian Wallot, Guy Van Orden, and Andreas Roepstorff. “Synchronized Arousal Between Performers and Related Spectators in a Fire-Walking Ritual.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 20 (2011): 8514–8519.Use for the strongest fire-walking physiology source. This is the study showing synchronized arousal between active ritual performers and related spectators. It supports the claim that intense ritual fields can show up in bodies, not only in symbols.Xygalatas, Dimitris, Ivana Konvalinka, Joseph Bulbulia, and Andreas Roepstorff. “Quantifying Collective Effervescence: Heart-Rate Dynamics at a Fire-Walking Ritual.” Communicative & Integrative Biology 4, no. 6 (2011): 735–738.Use as a shorter interpretive companion to the PNAS fire-walking study. Good for the phrase “collective effervescence” and for explaining shared heart-rate dynamics in accessible language.Xygalatas, Dimitris. Ritual: How Seemingly Senseless Acts Make Life Worth Living. New York: Little, Brown Spark, 2022.Use for ritual, pain, synchrony, group bonding, arousal, and embodied social meaning. This is useful when moving from older ritual containers into modern crowd and spectacle.Hobson, Nicholas M., Juliana Schroeder, Jane L. Risen, Dimitris Xygalatas, and Michael Inzlicht. “The Psychology of Rituals: An Integrative Review and Process-Based Framework.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 22, no. 3 (2018): 260–284.Use for ritual as emotion regulation, performance regulation, social bonding, and formalized action. This supports the “ritual does things, it does not merely represent things” argument.War, Crowds, Mass Movements, and Collective IdentityLe Bon, Gustave. The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind. 1895.Use carefully. Le Bon is historically important for crowd psychology, but outdated and often elitist. Good as a historical source on crowd fear and mass suggestion, but balance it with modern social psychology.Canetti, Elias. Crowds and Power. New York: Viking Press, 1962.Use for a literary-philosophical treatment of crowds, power, command, fear, and collective bodies. Good for atmosphere and conceptual framing, not as a modern experimental source.Hoffer, Eric. The True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1951.Use for mass movements, fanaticism, belonging, identity, resentment, sacrifice, and the psychology of ideological devotion. Use carefully; it is sharp and useful, but not a modern empirical study.Tajfel, Henri, and John C. Turner. “An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict.” In The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, edited by William G. Austin and Stephen Worchel, 33–47. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole, 1979.Use for social identity theory, in-groups, out-groups, belonging, status, and group comparison. This supports the claim that slogans and group language do not only communicate ideas; they also mark identity.Tajfel, Henri. Human Groups and Social Categories: Studies in Social Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.Use as a broader social-identity source. Good for group belonging, categorization, prejudice, and in-group/out-group dynamics.Propaganda, Symbols, Slogans, and Mass CommunicationLasswell, Harold D. Propaganda Technique in the World War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1927.Use for propaganda as symbolic management, war messaging, enemy construction, morale, and the manipulation of attitudes through stories, reports, images, rumors, and other significant symbols. This is a core Part 2 source.Lasswell, Harold D. “The Theory of Political Propaganda.” The American Political Science Review 21, no. 3 (1927): 627–631.Use for the clean definition: propaganda as the management of collective attitudes through significant symbols. This is perfect for the slogan/crowd/media rhythm sections.Ellul, Jacques. Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes. Translated by Konrad Kellen and Jean Lerner. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965.Use for propaganda as a modern social technique, not merely lies. Ellul belongs in the “modern machine” argument because he treats propaganda as environmental, repetitive, social, technological, and tied to belonging.Bernays, Edward. Propaganda. New York: Horace Liveright, 1928.Use for public relations, engineered consent, mass persuasion, and the management of public opinion. Good supporting source, especially if you want advertising and PR to sit beside political propaganda.Herman, Edward S., and Noam Chomsky. Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. New York: Pantheon Books, 1988.Use if you want a media-system critique: institutional filtering, agenda power, elite framing, and consent formation. This is useful for Part 2 but has a more political-economy angle than the rhythm/trance argument.Media Framing, Agenda-Setting, and Repeated AttentionMcCombs, Maxwell E., and Donald L. Shaw. “The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media.” Public Opinion Quarterly 36, no. 2 (1972): 176–187.Use for agenda-setting: media may not tell people exactly what to think, but it can influence what people think about and how important issues feel. This fits the “repetition trains attention” argument.Entman, Robert M. “Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm.” Journal of Communication 43, no. 4 (1993): 51–58.Use for framing: selecting certain aspects of reality and making them more salient. This supports the section on media frames as secular ritual structures that define problems, causes, moral judgments, and remedies.Gitlin, Todd. The Whole World Is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and Unmaking of the New Left. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980.Use if you want a historical case study on media framing and protest movements. Good optional source for how movements get shaped, simplified, or distorted by media attention.Postman, Neil. Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business. New York: Viking Penguin, 1985.Use as cultural/media theory support for entertainment, spectacle, image, and public discourse. Useful for the “modern machine” angle, but more essayistic than experimental.Repetition, Familiarity, and the Illusory Truth EffectHasher, Lynn, David Goldstein, and Thomas Toppino. “Frequency and the Conference of Referential Validity.” Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 16, no. 1 (1977): 107–112.Use for the classic repetition/familiarity basis of the illusory truth effect. This supports the claim that repeated statements can gain perceived validity because they become easier and more familiar to processAlso want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball.
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This sermon we look at four communicative spiritual gifts: teaching, encouragement, evangelism, and wisdom.
Today we make a lot of noise by exploring nonverbal vocalizations: all those sounds that aren't words, exactly, but that still carry a lot of meaning.
When you’re communicating with patients, or anyone, contextual factors have a huge impact on the quality of that communication. My guest today is Dr. Nkemdilim Ezeife. Dr. Ezeife is an internal medicine physician who’s focused on what he calls reducing communicative friction. He shares how he recognizes and manages some of the contextual factors that […]
#242Do you have required vocabulary lists by units that you're expected to teach? Let's say that you have a list of 30 or 40 words per unit. Your colleagues teaching other sections have the same list for consistency. You introduce them, do a few games, quiz students on the definitions… but something feels incomplete. Because while your students know the words, they're not really using them. So how do we move from word lists to real communication? That's what we're talking about today. So, let's jump in.Topics in this Episode: Instead of asking, "How do I teach this list of words?", ask: “What communication can these words support?”Communicative goals drive how you teach the vocabulary. The vocabulary becomes the vehicle, not the destination.Classroom Strategies:Chunk the List into Functions. Instead of introducing 30 words on Day 1, group them by communicative function and frame your activities around those functions.Turn the List into a Task: “What could students do with these words that feels real and authentic?”These shifts don't require rewriting your curriculum. They just require reframing how you approach the vocab.Ready For Tomorrow Quick Win PD Course: From Vocabulary Lists to Communicative Tasks.A Few Ways We Can Work Together:Ready For Tomorrow Quick Win PD for Individual TeachersOn-Site or Virtual Workshops for Language DepartmentsSelf-Paced Program for For Language DepartmentsConnect With Me & The World Language Classroom Community:Website: wlclassrom.comInstagram: @wlclassroomFacebook Group: World Language ClassroomFacebook: /wlclassroomLinkedIn: Joshua CabralBluesky: /wlclassroom.bsky.sociaX (Twitter): @wlclassroomThreads: @wlclassroomSend me a text and let me know your thoughts on this episode or the podcast.
Send a textDictation is one of those classic activities many of us use in our language classes—but sometimes it can feel repetitive or not very communicative.In this episode of Growing With Proficiency: The Podcast, I talk with Latin teacher Keith Toda about how a simple tweak can transform dictation into a purposefully communicative activity. We discuss how dictation supports comprehensible input and how we can add curiosity and interaction to make the activity more meaningful for students.If you're looking for a low-prep strategy that slows down your pacing, increases focus, and encourages communication in your world language classroom, this conversation will give you ideas you can try right away.Takeaways• Why dictation still supports language acquisition• How to make dictation purposefully communicative• A simple prediction twist that sparks discussion• How to mix dictation with quick personalized questions (PQA)• How dictation can prepare students for reading or video inputResources
Inspirational, determined, unyielding, caring, and responsive. These are all adjectives that fit our next guest admirably. Another term could be Communicative, although Sister Ambrose…and others, might put a different slant on thatThis is a woman who knows where she's going, knows how to get there and knows no boundaries (or Glass ceilings.)You don't want to get In her way. But if you wanted to come along, she would happily lead and share.Please enjoy Bernadette Roach….she has a story to tell…
#219You just wrapped up a fun, high-energy activity. The room was buzzing, students were laughing and moving, but now you're wondering: Did they actually use the language? In this episode, we're unpacking what makes an activity not just fun, but truly communicative. You'll learn how to spot the difference, adapt your favorite games, and keep language use at the center, without losing the fun and joy. Topics in this Episode:Here's the lens I want to offer you in this episode: Just because students are participating doesn't mean they're communicating. With just a few tweaks, your fun activities can become communicative and support proficiency and performance objectives.We don't have to throw out our favorite games or routines. We don't need to make everything serious or structured. But, we do need to look at each activity through a new lens: Does it give students a reason to use the language with purpose?Classroom Strategies:Add Purpose and PersonalizationUse the “Does It Build Proficiency?” Checklist: 1. Are students using the target language to express meaning?2.Is there a real-world connection or purpose? 3. Are students interpreting, negotiating, or producing language? 4.Will this support what they'll do on an upcoming assessment?Ready For Tomorrow Quick Win PD Course: Design Activities that are Fun and CommunicativeA Few Ways We Can Work Together:Ready For Tomorrow Quick Win PD for Individual TeachersOn-Site or Virtual Workshops for Language DepartmentsSelf-Paced Program for For Language DepartmentsConnect With Me & The World Language Classroom Community:Website: wlclassrom.comInstagram: @wlclassroomFacebook Group: World Language ClassroomFacebook: /wlclassroomLinkedIn: Joshua CabralBluesky: /wlclassroom.bsky.sociaX (Twitter): @wlclassroomThreads: @wlclassroomSend me a text and let me know your thoughts on this episode or the podcast.
durée : 01:28:33 - Le Quatuor Pavel Haas, richesse des timbres et passion communicative - par : Aurélie Moreau - Le Quatuor Pavel Haas qui « embellit la vie » (Arts Desk), se produit dans les salles les plus prestigieuses. Il a reçu de nombreux prix pour ses disques, dont cinq Gramophone Awards. Aujourd'hui : Dvořák, Smetana, Chostakovitch, Schubert et Brahms. Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les autres épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France.
durée : 00:59:05 - Prima Kanta "In a Purple Time" - par : Nicolas Pommaret - Le groupe Prima Kanta existe depuis 4 ans et a été créé à l'initiative du compositeur saxophoniste clarinettiste Laurent Rochelle. Parution chez Linoleum / Inouïe Distribution. Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les autres épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France.
In this episode, I'll be applying diagnostic criteria to two fictional characters: Sherlock Holmes (played by various actors) and Charlie (from the film, The Perks of Being a Wallflower, played by Logan Lerman). As I journey through these characters' stories, you may see some related themes in your own life. At first, the episode will be a little…technical (with loads of medical jargon). But, stick with me. You might learn something about yourself. And, it may surprise you to learn about my view of diagnostic criteria…SPOILER ALERT for anyone who has not seen these characters portrayed in media (as I will be discussing specific moments). Also, my utilization of these films and characters is not an endorsement of their content nor their themes. Connect with me --> https://drmatmonharrell.bio.link/Written by Dr. Matmon HarrellReferencesAmerican Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Chbosky, S. (Director). (2012). The Perks of Being a Wallflower [Film]. Summit Entertainment; Lionsgate FilmsHautzinger, D. (2017). Sherlock season 4 recap: The final problem. WWTW PBS: Playlist Recaps. https://interactive.wttw.com/playlist/2017/01/16/sherlock-recap-end Konnikova, M. (2012). Stop calling sherlock a sociopath! Thanks, a psychologist. Criminal Element: Mysteries, Thrillers, & All Things Killer. https://www.criminalelement.com/stop-calling-sherlock-a-sociopath-psychologist-maria-konnikova/ Pentzold, C., Lohmeier, C., & Birkner, T. (2023). Communicative remembering: Revisiting a basic mnemonic concept. Memory, Mind & Media, 2, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1017/mem.2023.7Ramsland, K. (2013). A mindlike sherlock holmes. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/shadow-boxing/201301/mind-sherlock-holmes World Health Organization. (2024). International classification of diseases (11th revision). https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en#585833559 Hyland, P., Shevlin, M., McNally, S., Murphy, J., Hansen, M., & Elklit, A. (2016). Exploring differences between the ICD-11 and DSM-5 models of PTSD: Does it matter which model is used? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 37, 48–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.11.002 Music provided by Podcastle. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
When Molly suffered a severe stroke requiring mechanical ventilation and an EVD, what did Kaira do to prevent further neurological injury? What role did Molly's ability to communicate while intubated play in her survival? Molly and Kaira both join us to share their perspectives from both sides of the ICU bed. Get unlimited CE credits for podcast episodes and a variety of your own learning experiences here! SapienCEWww.daytonICUConsulting.com
Aujourd'hui, nous partons à Nice pour faire du shopping ! Dans cette leçon, tu vas apprendre :✔️ du vocabulaire utile pour faire les magasins✔️ des expressions pour demander un prix, essayer un vêtement, et payer✔️ des dialogues simples pour pratiquer ton français en situation réelle✔️ un peu de culture française autour du shopping sur la Côte d'Azur Prépare-toi à parler comme un(e) vrai(e) Français(e) quand tu fais les boutiques !C'est parti ! Tu veux améliorer ton français ?Je t'aide à progresser avec mon programme "Learn French" :️ Parler | Écouter | Lire | ✍️ ÉcrireDébutant à Pré-intermédiaire : Niveaux A1 / A2 / B1 Rejoins le programme !Réserve une session gratuite ici :https://calendly.com/davidalexandercantu Pas sûr ? Rejoins le groupe WhatsApp pour du contenu exclusifhttps://chat.whatsapp.com/EoTmoMqppBkCGT0Q02uCux Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux :Instagram : @davidalexandercantuTikTok : @davidalexanderfrenchFacebook : David Alexander CantuLinkedIn : David Alexander Cantu
️ Dans ce cours, nous allons explorer les verbes pronominaux au présent et au passé composé.Tu apprendras à faire la différence entre les deux temps, à conjuguer correctement les verbes pronominaux comme se lever, s'habiller ou se souvenir, et à éviter les erreurs fréquentes. Ce cours est axé sur la communication, avec des explications simples, des exemples concrets, et des exercices pratiques pour bien comprendre et utiliser ces verbes au quotidien. I help French learners improve their language skills with my Learn French Program. Join the program!speaking, listening, reading, and writing skillsBeginner and Elementary/Pre-intermediate level: A1/A2-B1 level BOOK A FREE CONSULTATION SESSION WITH ME: https://calendly.com/davidalexandercantu Follow me on social media below: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/davidalexandercantuTiktok: https://www.tiktok.com/@davidalexanderfrenchFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/davidalexandercantuLinkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/davidalexandercantu Remember to like, subscribe, and leave a comment below. I'll answer all questions.
This podcast with Sammy Vanek & Communicative trees is about the launch of Sammy's new BOOK "The Last Self-Help Book," his journey and so much more.Trees are conscious as is all of nature, in this podcast the trees themselves honour and thank Sammy for sharing their words, sounds and message with the world and so much more. Welcome to the fascinating cosmos rich in biodiversity, and lovers that are in infinite forms communicating to us all always.Love is you - thank you for participating, listening and sharing
This podcast with Sammy Vanek & Communicative trees is about the launch of Sammy's new BOOK "The Last Self-Help Book," his journey and so much more.Trees are conscious as is all of nature, in this podcast the trees themselves honour and thank Sammy for sharing their words, sounds and message with the world and so much more. Welcome to the fascinating cosmos rich in biodiversity, and lovers that are in infinite forms communicating to us all always.Love is you - thank you for participating, listening and sharing
Chris Cooper interviews Elizabeth Hanks (Northern Arizona University) https://hankselizabeth.wordpress.com/
FFoDpod.com Patreon Merchandise CC-BY-SA "SCP-535" by ModernMajorGeneral, from the SCP Wiki. Source: https://scpwiki.com/scp-535. Licensed under CC-BY-SA.
How do families care for each when they are divided over generations by powerful geopolitical forces beyond their control? In this episode, Hanna Torsh speaks with Lynnette Arnold about her new book Living Together Across Borders: Communicative Care in Transnational Salvadoran Families (Oxford University Press, 2024). Lynnette also shares her tips for emerging scholars in the field about how to conduct research in changing and unstable times. For additional resources, show notes, and transcripts, go here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/latino-studies
How do families care for each when they are divided over generations by powerful geopolitical forces beyond their control? In this episode, Hanna Torsh speaks with Lynnette Arnold about her new book Living Together Across Borders: Communicative Care in Transnational Salvadoran Families (Oxford University Press, 2024). Lynnette also shares her tips for emerging scholars in the field about how to conduct research in changing and unstable times. For additional resources, show notes, and transcripts, go here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network
How do families care for each when they are divided over generations by powerful geopolitical forces beyond their control? In this episode, Hanna Torsh speaks with Lynnette Arnold about her new book Living Together Across Borders: Communicative Care in Transnational Salvadoran Families (Oxford University Press, 2024). Lynnette also shares her tips for emerging scholars in the field about how to conduct research in changing and unstable times. For additional resources, show notes, and transcripts, go here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/latin-american-studies
How do families care for each when they are divided over generations by powerful geopolitical forces beyond their control? In this episode, Hanna Torsh speaks with Lynnette Arnold about her new book Living Together Across Borders: Communicative Care in Transnational Salvadoran Families (Oxford University Press, 2024). Lynnette also shares her tips for emerging scholars in the field about how to conduct research in changing and unstable times. For additional resources, show notes, and transcripts, go here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/anthropology
How do families care for each when they are divided over generations by powerful geopolitical forces beyond their control? In this episode, Hanna Torsh speaks with Lynnette Arnold about her new book Living Together Across Borders: Communicative Care in Transnational Salvadoran Families (Oxford University Press, 2024). Lynnette also shares her tips for emerging scholars in the field about how to conduct research in changing and unstable times. For additional resources, show notes, and transcripts, go here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/sociology
How do families care for each when they are divided over generations by powerful geopolitical forces beyond their control? In this episode, Hanna Torsh speaks with Lynnette Arnold about her new book Living Together Across Borders: Communicative Care in Transnational Salvadoran Families (Oxford University Press, 2024). Lynnette also shares her tips for emerging scholars in the field about how to conduct research in changing and unstable times. For additional resources, show notes, and transcripts, go here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/language
How do families care for each when they are divided over generations by powerful geopolitical forces beyond their control? In this episode, Hanna Torsh speaks with Lynnette Arnold about her new book Living Together Across Borders: Communicative Care in Transnational Salvadoran Families (Oxford University Press, 2024). Lynnette also shares her tips for emerging scholars in the field about how to conduct research in changing and unstable times. For additional resources, show notes, and transcripts, go here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/communications
Send me a text and let me know your thoughts on this episode or the podcast. #164The topic of grammar is always up for discussion. Does the question of teaching grammar have a simple yes or no answer? Is it an either or? Is there a place for a both/and? I will suggest that there is this episode by focusing on form. Focusing on form involves drawing students' attention to linguistic elements within a communicative context. Teaching grammar in context helps students see how grammatical structures are used in real communication. I'll break down this topic with strategies, each with concrete tips and examples to help you integrate grammar instruction communicatively into your classroom. So, Let's jump in!Topics in this Episode:High Leverage Teaching Practices from Enacting the Work of Language Instruction by Eileen Glisan and Richard DonatoFocusing on form involves drawing students' attention to linguistic elements as they arise incidentally in lessons, without interrupting the flow of communication. The PACE model stands for Presentation, Attention, Co-construct, and Extension, a structured approach to teaching grammar in context.Teaching grammar in context helps students see how grammatical structures are used in real communication, making the learning process more meaningful and effective. The PACE model supports this by integrating grammar instruction into engaging and relevant activitiesPACE: Presentation, Attention, Co-Construction, ExtensionThe PACE model provides a structured yet flexible framework for teaching grammar in context, making it more engaging and effective for students.PACE is an example, others include Discovery Technique and Teaching InductivelyEpisode 160: Create a Classroom Where Students Use the Target Language ConfidentlyEpisode 162: Facilitating Target Language Comprehensibility**Be sure to download the The CI Toolbox. 15 Comprehensible Input (CI) activities for your language classroom to support comprehension and authentic engagement. These suggestions are a compilation of ideas shared on the World Language Classroom Podcast by me and many guests. Connect with Joshua and the World Language Classroom Community: wlclassrom.comX (aka Twitter): @wlclassroomThreads: @wlclassroomInstagram: @wlclassroomFacebook: /wlclassroomWLClassroom Facebook Group__________________________Interested in having Joshua work directly with your department, school or district? Look at options for collaborating in person or remotely.______________________________Sign up for Talking Points to get tips, tools and resources for your language teaching.______________________________Join Joshua as a guest on the podcast.______________________________Join Joshua for a Leveling Up Coaching Episode on the podcast.
Ready to boost your Spanish travel skills? In this episode, we'll dive into essential travel vocabulary while sharpening your pretérito indefinido—perfect for talking about past vacations! Whether you're planning your next getaway or just want to level up your Spanish, this lesson is designed for pre-intermediate learners. Let's hit the road together! Join the live New Spanish Zoom class!$20 per classspeaking, listening, and reading skillsBeginner-Elementary Spanish A1-A2 BOOK A FREE CONSULTATION SESSION WITH ME: https://calendly.com/davidalexandercantu Follow me on social media below: Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCl-umo0w-yVjyfYz5zUcRvgInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/davidalexandercantu/Tiktok: https://www.tiktok.com/@davidalexanderspanishFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/davidalexandercantu/Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/davidalexandercantu/
FULL SHOW NOTES: https://www.haileyrowe.com/antoni-lacinai Join my free Facebook community for business support & to connect with other health coaches: https://www.facebook.com/groups/themarketinghubgroup/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/haileyrowecoach Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hailey_rowe Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/hailey_rowe
Dr. Ish Major joins Reimagining Love for a frank and honest conversation about modern masculinity and the communication gap across genders. Together, they discuss what is often missing from communication in relationships, what masculinity means in our modern era, and how truth is the antidote to toxic masculinity.Relevant links:Connect with Dr. Ish online and on InstagramWatch Counsel Culture with Nick CannonReimagining Love Episode: “Come Together: Cultivating Sexual Connection in Long-term Relationships with Emily Nagoski”Order Dr. Alexandra's new book, Love Every DaySubscribe to Dr. Alexandra's NewsletterSubmit a Listener Question Join Dr. Alexandra's five-day retreat with the Modern Elder Academy — Get 10% off with code 'GF10'
Hi Friends, I am super excited to share this podcast as we had a beautiful visit from a Eucalyptus species during the visit, it simply chimed in and wanted to speak WOW!!!
Listen in as Pastor Dru talks about the calm that comes from reading Psalms and being still. Find out how to let go of your worries and hear what God is trying to tell you in the silence.
En este episodio exploramos los fundamentos la enseñanza de la lengua de manera comprensible y comunicative (Comprehensible and Communicative Language Teaching -CCLT) y su impacto en nuestras aulas. Descubre cómo los principios de comprensión y comunicación pueden empoderarnos para tomar decisiones en cuanto a nuestras prácticas y nos ayudan a defenderlas. En este episodio también me enfocaré en cómo podemos proporcionar input comprensible, el rol esencial de estudiante, y la importancia de entender que la comprensión antecede la producción de lengua por millas. Y finalmente hay una invitación especial para una clase en vivo: 3 claves para crear lecciones comprensibles, relevantes y efectivas para nuestras clases de español. Registrate hoy acá growingwithproficiency.com/liveclass.Más recursos:FB Community Growing With CIGrowing With Proficiency The Spanish Teacher AcademyGrowing With Proficiency BlogTeacher Pay Teachers Growing With Proficiency StoreIf you want to plan comprehensible and engaging lesson plans for your Spanish class in less time, this is the session for you. Join me in this free Live Class on Wednesday, January 24th at 7 PM ET in English o el 25 de enero a las 7 PM ET en español. Save your spot here https://growing-with-proficiency.mykajabi.com/liveclass Regístrate acá: https://growing-with-proficiency.mykajabi.com/liveclass
In this first episode of our series "Comprehensible and Communicative Language Teaching Made Easy," we're tackling the cornerstone of any thriving world language class: motivation.Discover how simple daily actions can build the trust and rapport that fuel student engagement. Join us as we explore three specific strategies to build connections in the class from social-emotional learning to co-created content, and learn how to foster an environment where students are heard, seen, and motivated to learn.This is your toolkit for creating a space where communication and comprehension can happen without you burning out.Ready? Click play and happy listening.Resources & LinksGrowing With Proficiency The Spanish Teacher Academy WaitlistDía de Gracias Reading: http://growingwithproficiency.com/thankyouMy store at Teachers Pay TeachersGrowing With Proficiency Blog
In this special episode of Counselor Chat, I am doing something different and sharing invaluable advice from experienced school counselors. this advice is not only for new counselors but also beneficial for seasoned professionals as they navigate the challenges of their roles throughout the school year.Some of the advice you will here:- Be Visible and Communicative: a school counselor with 11 years of experience, emphasizes the importance of being visible in your school. - Building Relationships and Eating Lunch with Students: a counselor with 30 years of experience, shares her wisdom. She recommends focusing on building relationships not only with students but also with cafeteria workers and custodians, who can be valuable allies in your work. - Never Be Too Proud to Ask for Help: a 12-year counselor and the 2018 California School Counselor of the Year, offers essential advice for counselors, both new and experienced. He highlights the significance of being humble and admitting when you don't have all the answers. - Find Your Support System: an elementary school counselor from Arkansas, underscores the importance of finding a support network. - Take Care of Yourself: a school counselor from Ohio, emphasizes self-care in a challenging profession. - Remember It's About Relationships: a counselor with 13 years of experience, highlights the central role of relationships in counseling. - Have Fun in the Chaos: a counselor in her 7th year offers a piece of advice that encourages counselors to find moments of joy and fun amidst the chaos of their roles. Her advice reminds counselors not to forget to enjoy the journey and have fun while making a positive impact on their students' lives.- Use Strategic Noticing: another counselor from Northwest Ohio introduces the concept of "strategic noticing." I am so thankful for the experienced counselors who shared their wisdom and advice, and I encourage you to share your own insights and experiences, as this kind of collaboration helps elevate the counseling profession and support one another. Click the link below to submit your tip/advice!We want to hear from you! Have something to share with other counselors? Click Here!Grab the Show Notes: Counselingessentials.org/podcastJoin Perks Counseling Club Membership and get the lessons, small group and individual counseling materials you need. Join now and get your first month free when you sign up for 3 months!Connect with Carol:TpT StoreCounseling Essentials WebsiteInstagramFacebookElementary School Counselor Exchange Facebook Group
In this episode, I talk about the power of being direct, forward and just communicating versus running from your problems - especially when it comes to dating. Sometimes I've been anxious or afraid to speak my truth because of the fear of messing things up. But, as of recently, that changed. Here's everything I've learned about being honest and direct about my feelings. If you enjoyed this episode, always dm me @lyss and let me know your feedback. Love you xx.
Matt Russoniello loves TPR. He also loves SATs, NUTs and TCOL. He's a sucker for a good role play scenario and has lots ways to get students excited and engaged and thinking with a growth mindset. Find out how he teaches language, create community and has fun while doing it. Visit the Language Lounge on Twitter - https://twitter.com/langloungepod Connect with Michelle - https://twitter.com/michelleolah Have a comment or question? Leave a voicemail at (207) 888-9819 or email podcast@waysidepublishing.com Produced by Wayside Publishing - https://waysidepublishing.com Bio Matt began teaching 4th-8th grade in Fair Haven New Jersey in 2004 under the tutelage of Greg Duncan, Dr. Joe Goebel of TCNJ and supervisor Ellen Spears, experts in Communicative teaching. His district was awarded Model School status for New Jersey from 2005-2014. In addition, Matt was honored to receive the 2014 FLENJ Teacher Award, and the 2014 New Jersey Cooperating Teacher Award. Matt currently teaches Spanish I- In Class Resource at Manalapan High School and after school at the RAISE Academy, his district's alternative high school for students temporarily expelled. His school honored him as Teacher of the Year in 2020. Matt believes student centered learning and giving students agency to their understanding will motivate them to love of languages, understand the perspectives of other cultures, and be proud of who they are as learners and people. He absolutely LOVES collaborating and sharing ideas with educators, talking about bringing out the best in students and using the power of their personalities. Input, TPR, putting students in the driver's seat, spontaneous speech, building a sense of belonging in the classroom, and finding the most efficient ways to understand and reach students are big pieces of his approach to instruction. Mentions Greg Duncan InterPrep http://www.interprepinc.com/interprepinc.com_wwwroot/About_Greg_Duncan.html Joe Goble TCNJ https://wlc.tcnj.edu/about/faculty-directory/dr-joseph-goebel-jr/#:~:text=Joseph%20Goebel%20Jr.%20is%20an,acquisition%20theories%20and%20best%20practices Ellen Spears Director of Curriculum and Instruction, Fair Haven School District, NJ https://www.linkedin.com/in/ellen-spears-79698b9/ Dr. James Asher Total Physical Response https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_physical_response Claudia Elliot on the Language Lounge Episode 26. Connection, Communication and Comprehensibility My curriculum is my students https://www.waysidepublishing.com/podcast/language-lounge/26-connection-communication-and-comprehensibility-with-claudia-elliott Pablo Muirhead, PH.D (line 159) German teacher https://www.linkedin.com/in/pablomuirhead/ SAT = Students as Teachers NUTs: Now You Try TCOL: Take Control of Learning 1st TPR Rap of the year https://twitter.com/str8upspanish/status/1702028773636317350?s=20 Pep talk to reinforce the growth mindset https://twitter.com/str8upspanish/status/1704280384131744230?s=20
Babbel CEO Arne Schepker explains how the world's best-selling language-learning platform evolves and adapts to new technologies and why it remains committed to using human interaction and conversation to help its users achieve proficiency. Plus: we head to western Ukraine to meet Kateryna Khudyk, co-founder of language school CLA, to hear why she's so passionate about promoting effective communication among the country's business leaders.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Welcome to the second part of our series, where we delve deeper into the concept of reimagining language textbooks to enhance the effectiveness of language teaching and make it more engaging. In our previous episode, we explored this exciting approach, and our audience didn't hold back, posing a wide array of questions across four major themes: vocabulary, grammar, structuring lesson plans, and the challenges that educators face beyond the classroom.Let's begin with the theme of vocabulary. The burning question on everyone's mind is, "How can we effectively cover all the necessary vocabulary?" While there's no one-size-fits-all solution to this challenge, in this episode, we'll ask the questions that will lead us to the solution. Additionally, I'll share three different approaches that can help us build vocabulary effectively for our learners.Moving on to grammar, many questions revolve around how to incorporate specific grammar concepts and verb forms into our teaching materials. In Episode 51, I touched on this topic, and now, I'll introduce two more practical ideas that can be applied at any language proficiency level.Next, we'll tackle the critical task of structuring lesson plans. Effective lesson planning is the cornerstone of successful teaching, especially when adopting the comprehensible and communicative approach. We'll explore how to strike the right balance between departing from the rigid sequence of a textbook while maintaining a sustainable teaching practice. Furthermore, we'll provide specific structures that can be tailored to your teaching needs.Finally, we'll address the challenges that educators often encounter outside the classroom, such as dealing with unsupportive departments or managing end-of-year expectations from the next teacher.Are you ready? Click play, and let's embark on this journey of exploration and innovation in language teaching.Links & ResourcesSelf Selected Vocabulary by Thomas SauerQuestion of the Day by Diego OjedaHow to Plan for a 90 Minutes Class Episode 11Las LeyendasGrowing With Proficiency BlogFB Community Growing With CIConnect with me on IGTPT Store
Are you frustrated with language textbooks that seem to prioritize vocabulary lists and grammar drills? If you are, this is the episode for you.In this episode, we'll talk about some of the shortcomings of traditional language textbooks and explore four practical ideas to better align them with the principles of second language acquisition (SLA).Discover how to shift the focus from mere language production to providing ample input for your students. Learn to personalize textbook content, ensuring it resonates with your learners and fosters meaningful communication. We'll help you restructure the sequence of activities, emphasizing a communicative purpose and encouraging input before output. Additionally, we'll delve into the importance of prioritizing relevant, high-frequency vocabulary to streamline language acquisition.Ready? Tune in today and take the first step in aligning your textbooks with the principles of second language acquisition without the frustration!Resources & LinksGrowing With Proficiency BlogFB Community Growing With CIConnect with me on IGTPT StoreLa Casa Encantada Resource
#111What have you heard about Comprehension-Based Communicative Language Teaching? Is this what you are doing in your classroom? In this episode I want to unpack exactly what CCLT is and is not. Luckily there is an incredibly useful chapter on this topic in the newly published book “Honing Our Craft.” It gives us all the info we need to answer the question “What is and What Is not Comprehension-Based Communicative Language Teaching?” That's actually the title of chapter 4.Honing Our CraftEdited by Dr. Florecia Henshaw (Director of Advanced Spanish at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign) & Dr. Kim Potowski (Professor of Spanish Linguistics at the University of Illinois at Chicago)12 chapters written by educators for educatorsPractical applications and suggestions for language educatorsUse this link and the discount code JOSHUA25HOC to get save 25% on the book.Comprehension-Based Communicative Language Teaching(CCLT)Context and Origin of CCLTRole of InputKrashen's Input HypothesisPresentation-Practice-Production (PPP)popular because it is conceptually easy to understandeasy to grade and assessaccuracy is main criteria for successKey Terms and MisconceptionsCommunication is not synonymous with oral production (reflection of PPP)move input to the center of the curriculum Production and Grammar are not neglected (focus on form, structured input)SuggestionsWhat if my textbook follows the PPP approach?modify activities to give have a communicative goalWhat if my exams are grammar-based?set aside time for grammar explanation Do…speak the target language most of the class time.make input activities meaningfulDon't…forget that accuracy is developed graduallyforget comprehension is communicationplan classes around grammar points, grammar is a tool, not a goalRemember to use this link and the discount code JOSHUA25HOC to get save 25% on the book.Let's connect! wlclassrom.comX (aka Twitter): @wlclassroomThreads: @wlclassroomInstagram: @wlclassroomFacebook: /wlclassroomWLClassroom Facebook Group__________________________Interested in having Joshua work directly with your department, school or district? Look at options for collaborating in person or remotely.______________________________Sign up for Talking Points to get tips, tools and resources for your language teaching.______________________________Join Joshua as a guest on the podcast.______________________________Join Joshua for a Leveling Up Coaching Episode on the podcast.
#99Do you find it time-consuming to create effective communicative activities? We can all feel that way at times. In this episode, we are talking about how to do this more efficiently. Hope Anderson, a Spanish instructor in Arizona, joins me to offer suggestions for going about our communicative practices a little more efficiently, while also being quite effective. Something for all of us to learn.Topics in this Episode:breaking down exactly what we mean by communicative teaching how to determine if an activity is truly and authentically communicativethe value and benefits of authentic communication in the language classroom.ways to engage students in communicative tasks without taking a ton of timeusing templates when creating tasksConnect with Hope Anderson:Instagram: @teachingsolvedTwitter: @teachingsolvedWebsite: www.teachingsolved.comLinkIn: Hope M AndersonEmail: Hope@TeachingSolved.com__________________________Work with Joshua either in person or remotely.______________________________Sign up for Talking Points for tips, tools and resources for language teaching.______________________________Let's connect!wlclassrom.comTwitter: @wlclassroomInstagram: @wlclassroomFacebook: /wlclassroomWLClassroom Facebook Group______________________________Teachers want to hear from you and what you are proud of in your classroom.Join me on the podcast. We record conversations remotely, so you can be anywhere.
Fear can hold us back from reaching our full potential and living a fulfilling life. In this episode, Brendon helps us explore the nature of fear, its impact on our lives, and how we can conquer it. By the end of this episode, you'll be equipped with valuable tools, insights, and encouragement to confront your biggest fears head-on and experience the freedom and growth that come with conquering them. Get ready to step outside your comfort zone and unleash your true potential. “Mental resilience is often about the truth of light being shed on things. Sometimes it's about facing it, talking about it, or sharing it with others. You know who becomes really resilient? Communicative people.” If you're looking for tips on how to overcome your biggest fears in life, this episode is for you! 1. Get the GrowthDay app for all your personal development in one place: https://growthday.com 2. Read my bestselling book, High Performance Habits: https://amzn.to/2vhf82C 3. Get the High Performance System online (the full course and assessment!): https://www.growthday.com/hps 4. Get the Confidence Masterclass: https://www.growthday.com/confidence 5. Follow me on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/brendonburchard
The podcast episode features an interview with Dr. Ledesma, a language access and equity expert with a PhD in Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis. Dr. Ledesma discusses his personal background and experiences with language and cultural diversity, as well as his research on language access and equity in public education. He emphasizes the need for a strategic and systematic approach to managing quality communication with families who speak languages other than English, and the importance of promoting communicative equity in public education. The episode concludes with a call to action for everyone to join in the conversation and take responsibility for communicative equity.Don't miss out on this insightful conversation. Tune in now!-------------------------------------------
The post Marriage Without Remorse: Be Communicative appeared first on The Final Word Radio.
What would any of our learners love to do with the language? To have a conversation! But as teachers, we know the challenge of fostering meaningful conversations entirely in the target language. So, what can we do to support our students in building community and making real connections through conversation?On this episode, I have the privilege of speaking with language expert and educator Bethanie Drew about interpersonal activities. Bethanie is not only an incredible Spanish teacher, presenter, blogger, and curriculum expert, but she is also FLANC Teacher of the Year for 2022-2023. Join us as we delve into the top 5 interpersonal activities that will encourage authentic conversations and discussion in your language class. Ready? Hit play now!Resources & LinksMy FrameworkGrowing With CI FB CommunityGWP Spanish Teacher Academy Waiting ListBlogIG & Twitter: @claudiamelliottTeacher Pay Teachers StoreBethanie Drew BlogBethanie's Twitter @lovemysummer45 seconds--sample activityDiscussion ThursdayFast 5 & Roster Interviews
Today's Co-Hosts: Ben Criddle (@criddlebenjamin) Subscribe to the Cougar Sports with Ben Criddle podcast:Apple Podcastshttps://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/cougar-sports-with-ben-criddle/id996764363Google Podcastshttps://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc3ByZWFrZXIuY29tL3Nob3cvMTM2OTkzOS9lcGlzb2Rlcy9mZWVkSpotifyhttps://open.spotify.com/show/7dZvrG1ZtKkfgqGenR3S2mPocket Castshttps://pca.st/SU8aOvercasthttps://overcast.fm/itunes996764363/cougar-sports-with-ben-criddle-byuSpreakerhttps://www.spreaker.com/show/cougar-sports-with-ben-criddleStitcherhttps://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=66416iHeartRadiohttps://www.iheart.com/podcast/966-cougar-sports-with-29418022TuneInhttps://tunein.com/podcasts/Sports-Talk--News/Cougar-Sports-with-Ben-Criddle-p731529/Subscribe to the Cougar Bytes podcast:Apple Podcastshttps://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/cougar-bytes/id1459679000Google Podcastshttps://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc3ByZWFrZXIuY29tL3Nob3cvMzQ3Nzc1OS9lcGlzb2Rlcy9mZWVkSpotifyhttps://open.spotify.com/show/5ZypcLEPas3ityVckKckVaPocket Castshttps://pca.st/9zjSOvercasthttps://overcast.fm/itunes1459679000/cougar-bytesSpreakerhttps://www.spreaker.com/show/3477759Stitcherhttps://www.stitcher.com/podcast/espn960sports/cougar-bytesTuneInhttps://tunein.com/podcasts/Sports--Recreation-Podcasts/Cougar-Bytes-p1217875iHeartRadiohttps://www.iheart.com/podcast/cougar-bytes-43051393/
During rare times when circumstances shift, including the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals have an opportunity “to look into our soul and see if we like what we see there.” Life for Deseret News reporter Lois Collins was a constant invitation to see things differently. Raised by blind parents, Collins had the opportunity to learn how to “see” in every sense of the word. Of her mother, Collins once wrote, “She taught me not to worry about the things you can't change, but never to walk away from those you can.” Now, after some four decades as a journalist writing about families and family policy, she joins the Church News podcast to talk about her parents, Frank and Mary Collins, and help listeners look inside themselves — and others — and see if they like what they find there. The Church News Podcast is a weekly podcast that invites listeners to make a journey of connection with members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints across the globe. Host Sarah Jane Weaver, reporter and editor for The Church News for a quarter-century, shares a unique view of the stories, events, and most important people who form this international faith. With each episode, listeners are asked to embark on a journey to learn from one another and ponder, “What do I know now?” because of the experience. Produced by KellieAnn Halvorsen. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.