ADDITIONAL HISTORY: Headlines You Probably Missed

Today's episode date, May 25, 1977, is a fun one. It was the day the first Star Wars movie was released, and marking the beginning of one of the biggest fandoms of all time. What else was being reported in newspapers the day fans first met Han Solo and Luke Skywalker?SOURCESFor a complete list of sources, see the Additional History Facebook group, or email me at additionalhistory@gmail.com.

Today's famous date is one that made headlines around the world on February 16, 1959. It was the day Fidel Castro became leader of Cuba. Yes, it was a big deal at the time, but nobody had any idea that it was something that would end up lasting for many decades. What else was making headlines on such a significant day?SOURCESSee Additional History Facebook group for a list of all sources used in this episode.

Today's episode is a mini episode. It's about a man that some think was only a legend, but in reality, he was as real as you and me. Today I'll tell you all about The Leatherman of New York...the good and the bad.SOURCES“About.” The Leatherman's Loop, November 29, 2021. https://leathermansloop.org/about/. Bennett, Jon Scott. “The Leatherman: An American Vagabond (Video).” YouTube. Accessed January 8, 2025. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-ujARKkDs0. “Leatherman (Vagabond).” Wikipedia, December 27, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leatherman_(vagabond). “A Little of Everything.” The Port Chester Journal (Port Chester, New York), April 4, 1889. www.newspapers.com.“The Old Leather Man.” The Port Chester Journal (Port Chester, New York), February 17, 1870. www.newspapers.com.“The Old Leather Man.” The Port Chester Journal (Port Chester, New York), June 7, 1888. www.newspapers.com.“The Old Leather Man.” The Watertown History Museum. Accessed January 8, 2025. https://watertownhistorymuseum.org/the-old-leather-man/. “A Strange Character.” The Port Chester Journal (Port Chester, New York), February 10, 1870. www.newspapers.com.Zucker, Dave. “Who Was Westchester's Mysterious and Legendary Leatherman?” Westchester Magazine, October 30, 2023. https://westchestermagazine.com/life-style/leatherman/. “[Opening Line] The Death Was Announced the Other Day of the Old Leather Man...” The Buffalo Courier (Buffalo, New York), March 27, 1889. www.newspapers.com.SOUND SOURCESAl Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music.Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music.Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

August 4, 1892, isn't a date most people would know just from hearing it, but I guarantee you've heard the story of what happened on that day. Today's episode is about the murders of Andrew and Abby Borden. Was their daughter Lizzie innocent, or did she get away with murder? I've also got three great additional history stories for you from the same day. Don't miss them!SOURCES“Advertisement (Nampa Military Academy - Page 2) .” The Weiser Semi-Weekly Sentinel (Weiser, Idaho), August 4, 1892. www.newspapers.com.“Alice Mitchell.” Wikipedia, December 7, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Mitchell. Clarey, Brian. “The Murder, the Fire and the Hanging.” Triad City Beat, November 4, 2015. https://triad-city-beat.com/the-murder-the-fire-and-the-hanging/. “Dare the Desperado to Fight.” The World (New York City, New York), August 4, 1892. www.newspapers.com.“A Dastardly Plot.” Fall River Evening News ( Fall River, Massachusetts), April 24, 1893. www.newspapers.com.Ford, Christian Andrew. “The History of Lizzie Borden: Burying the Axe.” James Madison University. Accessed December 2, 2024. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1725&context=honors201019.“He Killed Ellen.” The Western Sentinel (Winston-Salem, North Carolina), February 8, 1894. www.newspapers.com.“If It Is So, Then the Question, Who Did It, And Why?” Boston Post (Boston, Massachusetts), August 4, 1892. www.newspapers.com.The Kingston Trio – Poor Ellen Smith lyrics | genius lyrics. Accessed January 8, 2025. https://genius.com/The-kingston-trio-poor-ellen-smith-lyrics.Lizzie Borden Warps and Wefts. “The Cable House Murders - Coincidence or Something More?” YouTube. Accessed December 10, 2024. https://youtu.be/s-VTNg_Ycb4?si=9rQ2FczbWTgrCyVv. “Lizzie Borden.” Wikipedia, November 30, 2024.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Borden#:~:text=No%20one%20else%20was%20charged,of%20her%20older%20sister%2C%20Emma.&text=Fall%20River%2C%20Massachusetts%2C%20U.S.Magazine, Smithsonian. “How Lizzie Borden Got Away with Murder.” Smithsonian.com. Accessed December 2, 2024.https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-lizzie-borden-got-away-with-murder-180972707/.“Mitchell On the Stand.” The Girard Press (Girard, Kansas), August 4, 1892. www.newspapers.com.“Murder Most Foul: Andrew J. Borden and His Wife Horribly Butchered at Their Home.” Fall River Daily Evening News (Fall River, Massachusetts), August 4, 1892. www.newspapers.com.“Paris Green: It Caused the Deaths at Salisbury Beach.” The Boston Globe (Boston, Massachusetts), August 20, 1892. www.newspapers.com.“Peter DeGraff Guilty.” The Union Republican (Winston-Salem, North Carolina), August 17, 1893. www.newspapers.com.“Poor Ellen Smith.” Wikipedia, October 23, 2024.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poor_Ellen_Smith. Shelley, and Kate Lavender. “The Cable House Murders, July 20, 1892 : Poison!” Lizzie Borden : Warps & Wefts, July 26, 2022. https://lizziebordenwarpsandwefts.com/2022/07/26/the-cable-house-murders-poison/.“The World At Large: The South.” The Pratt Republican (Pratt, Kansas), August 4, 1892. www.newspapers.com.SOUND SOURCESAl Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music.Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music.Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

On March 31, 1918, the United States did something they'd never done before. They moved their clocks. Yes, it was the first time Daylight Savings Time was observed. Why did it start and why is it still going? And, what else was making headlines on the same day sleep cycles all over the country got a little messed up?SOUND SOURCES“Advertisement: Idaho Power Company.” The Idaho Statesman (Boise, Idaho), March 31, 1918. ww.newspapers.com.“Ancestry.Com: Drafts, Censuses, Divorce Records.” 1940 United States federal census - ancestry.com. Accessed October 10, 2024.https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/425845:2442. “Capt. Albert Barr Now In Camp Hospital.” The Virginian-Pilot (Norfolk, Virginia), April 30, 1918. www.newspapers.com.“Capt. at Sevier Lived On Berries.” The State (Columbia, South Carolina), May 10, 1918. www.newspapers.com.“Capt. Barr of Camp Sevier Is Missing.” The Commercial Appeal (Memphis, Tennessee), March 31, 1918. www.newspapers.com.“Collyer Murder Due To Quarrel.” The Saline Evening Journal (Salina, Kansas), March 21, 1918. www.newspapers.com.“Daylight Saving Time.” Wikipedia, October 8, 2024.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time#:~:text=DST%20was%20first%20implemented%20in%20the%20US%20with%20the%20Standard,hours%20to%20conserve%20energy%20resources.“Daylight-Saving Law, Effective Today, Will Add HugeSums to Our War Chest.” Los Angeles Sunday Times (Los Angeles, California), March 31, 1918. www.newspapers.com.Fore, Samuel K. “Camp Sevier.” South Carolina Encyclopedia, July 20, 2022. https://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/camp-sevier/. “Gets Light Punishment.” The Atchison Daily Globe (Atchison, Kansas), April 1, 1918. www.newspapers.com.“Girl Fires Fatal Shot.” The Logan Republican (Logan, Kansas), February 14, 1918. www.newspapers.com.“Jury Disagrees In Madeline Briggs Case.” The Daily Guard (Council Grove, Kansas), March 25, 1918. www.newspapers.com.“Jury Has Briggs Case Again.” The Kansas City Star (Kansas City, Missouri), March 31, 1918. www.newspapers.com.“Madeline Briggs Murder Trial.” The Oakley Graphic (Oakley, Kansas), March 22, 1918. www.newspapers.com.“Madeline Briggs Sentenced to Pen.” The Daily Republican (Burlington, Kansas), April 15, 1918. www.newspapers.com.“Mrs. Briggs of Collyer Dies.” The Kansas City Times (Kansas City, Missouri), May 4, 1918. www.newspapers.com.“Says Hun Spies Tried Murder.” The Brooklyn Daily Times (Brooklyn, New York), April 2, 1918. www.newspapers.com.“She Shot to Kill.” Abilene Daily Chronicle (Abilene, Kansas), January 29, 1918. www.newspapers.com.“Spy Story Not Truth, Woman Now Declares.” TheBuffalo News (Buffalo, New York), April 3, 1918. www.newspapers.com.“Why Do We Have Daylight Saving Time?” History.com.Accessed October 10, 2024. https://www.history.com/news/why-do-we-have-daylight-saving-time. “Woman Arrested As Spy Admits Act of Air Espionage.” The Arizona Republic (Phoenix, Arizona), March 31, 1918. www.newspapers.com.SOUND SOURCESAl Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music.Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music.Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

It's here! The 10th Random Clippings episode! This is where you get to here short stories I've randomly found in newspapers that don't have anything to do with anything else. It's fun. I promise.SOURCESAssociated Press. “Mom Charged In Bayou Death.” The Daily Oklahoman (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma), April 20, 1986. www.newspapers.com.“Boys Dig to Treasure Trove--And It's Sweet but Illegal.” The Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California), June 15, 1948. www.newspapers.com.“Boys Need Ride To N.Y. So Flag Down Train.” Santa Barbara News-Press (Santa Barbara, California), December 31, 1958. www.newspapers.com.“Front Page.” Jamestown Weekly Alert (Jamestown, North Dakota), January 27, 1880. www.newspapers.com.“Girl in Trance Seven Days to Restore Sight.” The Post-Standard (Syracuse, New York), January 30, 1911. www.newspapers.com.“The Joke That Cost a Life.” The Brandon Union (Brandon, Vermont), May 29, 1875. www.newspapers.com.“Piece of Pie: $70.10.” The Daily News (New York, New York), June 3, 1943. www.newspapers.com.“Poor Margaret Shipley.” The Evening Review (East Liverpool, Ohio), February 2, 1911. www.newspapers.com.Ruiz, Rosanna. “Woman Recalls Drowning Kids in 1986.” Chron, July 3, 2001. https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/woman-recalls-drowning-kids-in-1986-2055547.php.“Spanker Breaks Arm.” Jackson's Hole Courier (Jackson, Wyoming), February 14, 1929. www.newspapers.com.“Those Speedy Passes - That's Why the Lady Was a Vamp.” The Miami News (Miami, Florida), October 22, 1962. www.newspapers.com.“Woman Who Threw Six Children in Bayou Gets Probation - UPI Archives.” UPI, June 19, 1987. https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/06/19/Woman-who-threw-six-children-in-bayou-gets-probation/9409551073600/.SOUND SOURCESAl Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixapay.com/music InspectorJ. “Bell, Candle Damper A (H4n).wav.” November 17, 2017. www.freesound.org.Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music.

On March 18, 1925, a massive tornado (that would become known as the Tri-State Tornado) touched down in parts of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana. It would go down in history as the world's deadliest tornado. What else was making headlines on such a horrible day?SOURCES“Advertisement: Pacific Gas and Electric Company (Page 2).” Daily Gazette (Martinez, California), March 18, 1925. www.newspapers.com.“Annapolis, Missouri.” Wikipedia, May 11, 2024.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapolis,_Missouri. “Arrest Neponset Man As Jack the Hugger.” The Boston Globe (Boston, Massachusetts), February 3, 1925. www.newspapers.com.Associated Press. “Rules Shepherd Is McClintock's Heir.” The Decatur Daily Review (Decatur, Illinois), October 28, 1926. www.newspapers.com.Blakemore, Erin. “The Deadliest Tornado in US History Blindsided the Midwest in 1925.” History.com. Accessed October 8, 2024.https://www.history.com/news/deadliest-tornado-tri-state-1925-united-states. “Chronology of McClintock Murder Case.” Streator Daily Free Press (Streator, Illinois), May 26, 1925. www.newspapers.com.Gibbons, Roy J. “Free Press Reporter Spends Day In Jail With Shepherd.” Streator Daily Free Press (Streator, Illinois), May 26, 1925. www.newspapers.com.“He Hugged Two At Once.” The Tribune (Scranton, Pennsylvania), June 29, 1925. www.newspapers.com.“Home Folk Will Not Believe Mrs. Shepherd a ‘Lady MacBeth.'” Streator Daily Free Press (Streator, Illinois), May 26, 1995. www.newspapers.com.“Jack the Hugger.” The Evening Courier (Camden, New Jersey), December 15, 1925. www.newspapers.com.“Law Forges Strong Chain Around William Shepherd Accused of Murdering Last of McClintock Family to Get Great Fortune Which Some Say Carries Curse.” The Brooklyn Eagle (Brooklyn, New York), March 22, 1925. www.newspapers.com.“Mother and Baby Blown to Tree Top by Tornado, but Escape by Miracle.” The Commercial Appeal (Memphis, Tennessee), March 20, 1925. www.newspapers.com.“Police Seek Hugger After Two Attacks.” Wilkes-Barre Times Leader (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania), March 18, 1925. www.newspapers.com.“Several Reported Killed By Tornado at Annapolis, MO.” Springfield Leader and Press (Springfield, Missouri), March 18, 1925. www.newspapers.com.“Three Held, Others Sought in Mine Blast; Little Hope Held for 34 Men.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), March 19, 1925. www.newspapers.com.“Tornado, Fire, Flood, and Mine Disasters Take Big Toll In Day.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), March 10, 1925. www.newspapers.com.United Press.“Shepherd Given Freedom Under Bond As Jury Acquits Him of Charge of Murder.” Belvidere Daily Republican (Belvidere, Illinois), June 27, 1925. www.newspapers.com.US Department of Commerce, NOAA. “1925 Tornado.” National Weather Service, March 5, 2015. https://www.weather.gov/pah/1925Tornado_iq. US Department of Commerce, NOAA. “1925 Tornado.” National Weather Service, March 5, 2015.https://www.weather.gov/pah/1925Tornado_ss. “William Darling ‘Darl' Shepherd .” Find a Grave. Accessed October 8, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/203215798/william-darling-shepherd. SOUND SOURCESAl Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music.Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies.“Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music.Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

One of the greatest engineering marvels of the 20th century - the Hoover Dam - was dedicated on September 30, 1935. What did the project mean for the United States, and what else was happening around the country and world on the exact same day?SOURCES“4 O'clock Bulletins.” Holyoke Daily Transcript (Holyoke, Massachusetts), August 3, 1936. www.newspapers.com.“5 Shot in Bank Raid; Tear Gas Routs Gang of 9.” Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois), October 1, 1935. www.newspapers.com.Associated Press. “Five Shot During Bank Robbery.” The Sheboygan Press (Sheboygan, Wisconsin), September 30, 1935. www.newspapers.com.Associated Press. “Hoover Dam's Dedication Is Staged Today.” Tucson Citizen (Tucson, Arizona), September 30, 1935. www.newspapers.com.Associated Press. “Newell Sherman Drowns In Chair for Drowning of Wife.” The Springfield Daily Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts), August 4, 1936. www.newspapers.com.Associated Press. “Sherman Counsel Sums Up Defense Before the Jury.” The Daily Evening Item(Lynn, Massachusetts), September 30, 1935. www.newspapers.com.Associated Press. “Weston Gets Life For Loll Slaying.” The Oregon Statesman (Salem, Oregon), January 28, 1936. www.newspapers.com.“Confession of Newell Sherman.” The Boston Globe (Boston, Massachusetts), July 22, 1935. www.newspapers.com.“The Controversial Naming of the Dam.” PBS. Accessed September 25, 2024. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/hoover-controversy/. “Deputy Sheriff Ernest Loll.” Multnomah County Sheriff's Office, February 1, 2024. https://www.mcso.us/about-mcso/fallen-deputies/ernest-loll. “George Leonard Fiedler (1912-1957) .” Find a Grave. Accessed September 30, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/234373940/george-leonard-fiedler. “Hoover Dam.” Wikipedia, August 28, 2024.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_Dam#:~:text=Hoover%20Dam%20is%20a%20concrete,Roosevelt.“Mrs Alice Doris Dudley Sherman (1912-1935) - Find...” Find a Grave. Accessed October 1, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/74472032/alice_doris_sherman. “Mrs. Fiedler Says Son Told of Shooting.” The Oregon Daily Journal (Portland, Oregon), October 2, 1935. www.newspapers.com.“Reward Offered In Slaying.” The Oregon Daily Journal (Portland, Oregon), September 30, 1935. www.newspapers.com.“Stained Weapon Clue to Murder.” The Oregonian (Portland, Oregon), October 1, 1935. www.newspapers.com.United Press. “Boulder Dam to Be Dedicated Today.” Nevada State Journal (Reno, Nevada), September 30, 1935. www.newspapers.com.“Weston Murder Jury Selected.” The Oregon Daily Journal (Portland, Oregon), January 18, 1936. www.newspapers.com.“Witnesses Tell About Fatal Hunt.” The Oregon Daily Journal (Portland, Oregon), January 18, 1936. www.newspapers.com.“‘The Greatest Dam in the World': Building Hoover Dam (Teaching with Historic Places) (U.S. National Park Service).” National Parks Service. Accessed September 25, 2024.https://www.nps.gov/articles/-the-greatest-dam-in-the-world-building-hoover-dam-teaching-with-historic-places.htm.SOUND SOURCESAl Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music.Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music.Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

The 1970s were known for having a lot of serial killers. Luckily, many of them were caught, and that includes the infamous Ted Bundy. Learn how his reign of terror came to an end and what other crazy stuff was being printed in newspapers on the exact same day. SOURCES “Advertisement: Home Appliance and TV (Page 2).” Morning World (Monroe, Louisiana), February 15, 1978. www.newspapers.com. Blanco, Juan Ignacio. “Ted Bundy: Victims: Murderpedia, the Encyclopedia of Murderers.” Ted Bundy | Victims | Murderpedia, the encyclopedia of murderers. Accessed September 12, 2024. https://murderpedia.org/male.B/b1/bundy-ted victims.htm#google_vignette. Cass, Julia. “Punk Pal: A Rebel From Phila. Meets a Rebel Pistol.” The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), February 15, 1978. www.newspapers.com. Johnson, John. “Police Probe Bizarre Story of Dare Devil.” Ventura County Star (Ventura, California), February 15, 1978. www.newspapers.com. “Kitty o'neil.” Wikipedia, September 4, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitty_O%27Neil. “Nancy Spungen.” Wikipedia, September 1, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Spungen. “O'Neal, Kitty (1947--).” Encyclopedia.com, September 13, 2024. https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/oneil-kitty-1947#:~:text=American%20athlete%20and%20stunt%20performer,Hambleton%20(a%20stunt%20performer). Sandomir, Richard. “Kitty O'Neil, Stuntwoman and Speed Racer, Is Dead at 72.” The New York Times, November 6, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/06/obituaries/kitty-oneil-dead.html. Singer, Dale. “Classified Ad Saves Valentine's Day for 11-Year-Old, 2 Grandmothers.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, Missouri), February 15, 1978. www.newspapers.com. Ted Bundy killings: A timeline of his twisted reign of terror. Accessed September 12, 2024. https://www.biography.com/crime/ted-bundy-timeline-murders. Ted Bundy's chilling death row letters will soon be published. Accessed September 12, 2024. https://www.biography.com/crime/ted-bundy. United Press International. “Bundy Trail Hidden.” The Coeur d' Alene Press (Coeur d' Alene, Idaho), February 15, 1978. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

This episode is a mini episode about a famous artist who had to fight from having everything taken away from her. You might have even seen the movie about her life. SOURCES Flynn, William. “Where Did He Get Those Eyes.” The San Francisco Examiner (San Francisco, California), October 14, 1970. www.newspapers.com. Kobayashi, Ken. “Jury Awards $4 Million In Art Trial.” The Honolulu Advertiser (Honolulu, Hawaii), June 4, 1986. www.newspapers.com. Margaret Keane - paintings, Movie & Big Eyes. Accessed August 27, 2024. https://www.biography.com/artist/margaret-keane. “Margaret Keane.” Wikipedia, August 25, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Keane. “Margaret Keane: Big Eyes Artist, Whose Husband Claimed Credit, Dies at 94.” BBC News, June 29, 2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-61980385. “Relative of Discredited ‘big Eyes' Artist Makes a Keane Defense.” Los Angeles Times, January 2, 2015. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/la-et-cm-keane-nephew-20150102-story.html. Ronck, Ronn. “Margaret Keane Issues New Challenge for Paint-Out.” Honolulu Star-Advertiser (Honolulu, Hawaii), July 1, 1984. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

On March 12, 1912, the Girl Scouts of America had their very first meeting ever. Since then, millions of girls have participated in the organization. What else was making news on that exact same day in history? Find out with three fun additional history stories. SOURCES “10 Things You Probably Didn't Know about Girl Scouts.” GSCCC Blog, July 11, 2019. https://girlscoutsccc.com/2019/07/18/10-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-girl-scouts/. “About Early Girl Scouting.” Juliette Gordon Low Birthplace. Accessed August 21, 2024. https://www.juliettegordonlowbirthplace.org/en/explore/history/about-early-girl scouting.html#:~:text=Whenever%20there%20was%20a%20question,the%20United%20States%20in%201913. “Advertisement: Olympic and Titanic (Page 21).” Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois), March 12, 1912. www.newspapers.com. “Bring Boy Back to Reformatory.” Star-Gazette (Elmira, New York), March 14, 1912. www.newspapers.com. “The Cardiff Giant Fools The Nation, 145 Years Ago.” History.com. Accessed August 22, 2024. https://www.history.com/news/the-cardiff-giant-fools-the-nation-145-years-ago. “Cardiff Giant.” Wikipedia, August 19, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff_Giant. www.newspapers.com. “Circuit Court.” Dubbo Dispatch (Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia), April 16, 1912. www.newspapers.com. “The Cumnock Poisoning Case: Some Additional Evidence.” The Leader (Orange, New South Wales, Australia), March 12, 1912. www.newspapers.com. “Cumnock Sensation: Death of Mrs. Johnson.” The Molong Express (Molong, New South Wales, Australia), March 16, 1912. www.newspapers.com. “Death of Mrs. Johnson.” The Molong Argus (Molong, New South Wales, Australia), October 13, 1911. www.newspapers.com. “First Own Sound Company of Girl Guides.” Owen Sound Sun (Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada), March 12, 1912. www.newspapers.com. “Juliette Gordon Low: Girl Scouts.” Girl Scouts of the USA. Accessed August 21, 2024. https://www.girlscouts.org/en/discover/about-us/history/juliette-gordon-low.html. “Sell CardiffcGiant Pay Storage Claim.” Star-Gazette (Elmira, New York), October 31,c1912. www.newspapers.com. “Sues for ‘Board' of Cardiff Giant.” Star-Gazette (Elmira, New York), March 14, 1912. www.newspapers.com. “‘Cardiff Giant' Again.” St. Joseph News-Press (St. Joseph, Missouri), March 12, 1912. www.newspapers.com. “'Twas Good Story But Wasn't True.” Star-Gazette (Elmira, New York), March 18, 1912. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

On January 11, 1964, the Surgeon General of the United States issued an official statement that immediately made top headlines in the United States and around the world. It was the first time someone officially said that smoking could cause cancer. What else was sharing headlines with such a controversial topic that day? You'll find out with three great additional history stories. SOURCES “Advertisement: Singer Sewing Center (Pg 7).” The Bismarck Tribune (Bismarck, North Dakota), January 11, 1964. www.newspapers.com.  “Arsenic Probe Continues; 8 Survivors Improved.” The Evening Sun (Baltimore, Maryland), November 26, 1956. www.newspapers.com.  Associated Press. “Food Poisoning Fatal to 2 Tots.” The Cumberland News (Cumberland, Maryland), November 16, 1956. www.newspapers.com.  Associated Press. “Life Term For Killing Cop.” The Daily Times (Davenport, Iowa), January 11, 1964. www.newspapers.com. Baldwin, Nick. “Grinnell Officer Slain.” The Des Moines Tribune (Des Moines, Iowa), November 13, 1963. www.newspapers.com.  Barewald, Robert, and Walter Shotwell. “Boys' Past: Delinquency, Thefts, Trouble in School.” The DesMoines Register (Des Moines, Iowa), 1958. www.newspapers.com.  Brannon, William T. “The Case of the Mass Poisoner.” Eureka Humboldt Standard (Eureka, California), January 11, 1964. www.newspapers.com.  “Cause Giving For Illness Of Father.” The Morning Herald (Hagerstown, Maryland), November 20, 1956. www.newspapers.com.  “Cop Kills Student in Basement Duel with Knife & Gun.” Daily News (New York City, New York), January 11, 1964. www.newspapers.com.  “Current Cigarette Smoking among Adults in the United States.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, May 4, 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/adult_data/cig_smoking/index.htm.  “Current Trends Smoking and Health: A National Status Report.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed August 13, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000823.htm#:~:text=Only%2030%25%20of%20all%20persons,report%20in%201964%20(2). “Gary Lee Wessling (1940-1973) .” Find a Grave. Accessed August 19, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/250100737/gary-lee-wessling.   “Girls Checked in Poison Case.” The Evening Sun (Baltimore, Maryland), December 4, 1956. “Health Men Visit Home.” The Morning Herald (Hagerstown, Maryland), November 21, 1956. www.newspapers.com.  Lamberto, Nick. “Hunt Killers' Dope Source.” The Des Moines Register (Des Moines, Iowa), February 27, 1958. www.newspapers.com.  Mills, George. “Gunman Parole a ‘Mistake.'” The Des Moines Register (Des Moines, Iowa), November 14, 1963. www.newspapers.com. “Nine Kidwell Children Have Pneumonia.” The Morning Herald (Hagerstown, Maryland), November 15, 1956. www.newspapers.com.  “The Panama Riots of 1964: The Beginning of the End for the Canal.” Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training. Accessed August 13, 2024. https://adst.org/2016/07/panama-riots-1964-beginning-end-canal/. “Surgeon General's 1964 Report: Making Smoking History.” Harvard Health, January 10, 2014. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/surgeon-generals-1964-report-making-smoking-history-201401106970#:~:text=On%20a%20Saturday%20morning%2050,should%20do%20something%20about%20it. United Press International. “Mystery Illness Fells Father, Two Children.” The Weirton Daily Times (Weirton, West Virginia), November 23, 1956. www.newspapers.com. United Press International. “Wessling Gets 30 Year Term; Craig Guilty.” The Courier (Waterloo, Iowa), June 5, 1958. www.newspapers.com. United Press International. “‘Cigaret [Sic] Smoking Causes Cancer' [and Other Front Page Headlines].” El Paso Herald-Post, January 11, 1964. www.newspapers.com.  SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

Today's episode is going to be a change from the normal routine. Instead of a famous day and additional history stories, I'm going to tell you three Christmas stories exactly as they were written in the newspapers many years ago. Two of them are more than a hundred years old! Enjoy! Merry Christmas! ____ SOURCES “A Christmas Tale for Reading Aloud.” The Tamworth Herald (Tamworth, Staffordshire, England), December 28, 1946. www.newspapers.com. Free, James. “First Prize, Senior Section: Bert Decides It Is More Blessed To Give.” The Plain Dealer (Cleveland, Ohio), December 19, 1923. www.newspapers.com. Hale, M. C. “A Christmas Miracle.” The Goldsboro Headlight (Goldsboro, North Carolina), December 22, 1892. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

December 10, 1901, was a special day for a select group of people in the world. It was the first time a Nobel Prize ceremony was held. Where did the idea for the prizes come from? And, what else was being reported on that day? Yes, I've got some crazy additional history stories for you, too. _____ SOURCES “Advertisement: Carlsbad Sprudel Salt (Page 2).” The Buffalo Commercial (Buffalo, New York), December 10, 1901. www.newspapers.com. Alfred Nobel. Accessed July 13, 2024. https://www.biography.com/inventors/a45977855/alfred-nobel. “Alto Pass, Illinois.” Wikipedia, May 16, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alto_Pass,_Illinois. “Cropsey Case Shifts Scenes.” The Atlanta Constitution (Atlanta, Georgia) , December 8, 1901. www.newspapers.com. “Dead Women Do Tell Tales.” American Hauntings. Accessed July 15, 2024. https://www.americanhauntingsink.com/nell-cropsey. “Ella Maud ‘Nell' Cropsey (1882-1901) .” Find a Grave. Accessed July 15, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/40129598/ella_maud-cropsey. “The Ghost of Nell Cropsey.” The Ghost of Nell Cropsey | North Carolina Ghosts. Accessed July 15, 2024. https://northcarolinaghosts.com/coast/ghost-nell-cropsey/. “Light Is Shed on Capital Mystery.” St. Joseph Gazette (St. Joseph, Missouri), December 18, 1901. www.newspapers.com. Marks of Curiosity. “Small Historic Town's Fascinating Treasure | Alto Pass Illinois History and Geology.” YouTube, April 28, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uosjr7uXsBg. “Mrs. Dennis Dying at Garfield Hospital.” The Times-Herald (Washington D. C.), October 22, 1902. www.newspapers.com. “Mrs. Dennis Improving.” The Evening Star (Washington D. C.), May 3, 1902. www.newspapers.com. “A Murderous Attack.” The Minneapolis Journal (Minneapolis, Minnesota), December 10, 1901. www.newspapers.com. “Nell Cropsey's Body Is Found the River Gives Up Its Dead.” The News and Observer (Raleigh, North Carolina), December 28, 1901. www.newspapers.com. “Nellie Cropsey Alive.” The Semi-Weekly Messenger (Wilmington, North Carolina), December 10, 1901. www.newspapers.com. “The Nobel Prizes.” The Topeka Daily Herald (Topeka, Kansas), December 10, 1901. www.newspapers.com. “The Official Website of The Nobel Prize.” NobelPrize.org, July 11, 2024. https://www.nobelprize.org/. “Tide of Life Ebbs Away.” The Washington Post (Washington D. C.), January 2, 1902. www.newspapers.com. Tyler, Edward (Ted). “Ada Gilbert Dennis (1853-1902) .” Find a Grave. Accessed July 15, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/25309900/ada_gilbert_dennis. “Weird Tale of Buried Gold.” The Philadelphia Times (Philadelphia, PA), December 10, 1901. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

March 30th, 1867 was a really big day for the United States of America. Literally. It was the day we purchased what is now known as the state of Alaska from Russia. How did it all go down, and what else was being reported in newspapers on that day? SOURCES “Advertisement: Batchelor's Hair Dye (Page 3).” Daily Arkansas Gazette (Little Rock, Arkansas), March 30, 1867. www.newspapers.com. “Another Fatal Shooting Affray.” The Daily Montana Post (Helena, Montana), February 2, 1867. www.newspapers.com. “Bloody Altercation Between Prominent Citizen of Montana Territory - One of Them Killed.” Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois), March 5, 1867. www.newspapers.com. “Engaged For the Defense.” The Montana Post (Virginia City, Montana), March 30, 1867. www.newspapers.com. “Highly Important: A Treaty With Russia.” The Brooklyn Union (Brooklyn, New York), March 30, 1867. www.newspapers.com. “Highly Important: Cession of Russia America By Treat To The United States.” The New York Daily Herald (New York, New York), March 31, 1867. www.newspapers.com. “The Loss of the Coburn.” The Cleveland Leader (Cleveland, Ohio), October 25, 1871. www.newspapers.com. “The Mystery Cleared Up.” The Burlington Weekly Sentinel (Burlington, Vermont), March 29, 1867. www.newspapers.com. “A Romantic Incident.” Chicago Evening Post (Chicago, Illinois), December 13, 1867. www.newspapers.com. “A Strange Affair.” North Star (Danville, Vermont), March 30, 1867. www.newspapers.com. “Thunder Bay 2010: Cutting Edge Tech & the Hunt for Lake Huron's Lost Ships.” Thunder Bay 2010: Cutting Edge Tech & the Hunt for Lake Huron's Lost Ship. Accessed July 11, 2024. https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/10thunderbay/background/wrecks/wrecks.html. “Tichborne Case.” Wikipedia, June 3, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tichborne_case. “The Tichborne Case: A Victorian Melodrama.” State Library of New South Wales. Accessed July 11, 2024. https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/stories/tichborne-case-victorian-melodrama. “A True Story.” Journal and Courier (Lafayette, Indiana), March 30, 1867. www.newspapers.com. “U.S. Takes Possession of Alaska.” History.com. Accessed July 11, 2024. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/u-s-takes-possession-of-alaska. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

Today's episode is one of the craziest stories I've shared in a while. It's the story of the Lykov family who spent decades living in the Russian taiga without seeing another human. How did that happen and where are they now? SOURCES Alea, Karen. “Agafia Lykova: Religious Hermit or Modern Feminist?” HuffPost, December 7, 2017. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/agafia-lykova-religious-h_b_9070284. Kirsch, Jonathan. “Handful of Refugees Fleeing Czar, Stalin Live On In Faith.” The Lost Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California), July 27, 1994. www.newspapers.com. “Lykov Family.” Wikipedia, May 23, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lykov_family. Magazine, Smithsonian. “For 40 Years, This Russian Family Was Cut off from All Human Contact, Unaware of World War II.” Smithsonian.com, January 28, 2013. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/for-40-years-this-russian-family-was-cut-off-from-all-human-contact-unaware-of-world-war-ii-7354256/. “Old Believers.” Wikipedia, July 4, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Believers. Stewart, Will. “Tragedy of the Lost Family Time Forgot.” Daily Express (London, England), August 5, 1994. www.newspapers.com. Travel, Chasing Dreams. “Siberian Survivor's New Home.” Explorersweb, March 25, 2021. https://explorersweb.com/siberian-survivors-new-home/. Wisniewski, Walter. “Family of ‘stone Age' Hermits Missed Most of the 20th Century.” The Memphis Press-Scimitar (Memphis, Tennessee), October 2, 1982. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

October 13, 1903, was an important day in history, and if you're a baseball fan you'll know exactly why. It was the day the first World Series ended. Which team came out on top? I've also got three great additional history stories that you've probably never heard before, so make sure to listen all the way to the end. SOURCES “1903 Major League Baseball Season.” Wikipedia, June 3, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_Major_League_Baseball_season#:~:text=The%201903%20schedule%20consisted%20of,of%20which%20had%20eight%20teams. “1903 World Series.” Wikipedia, May 15, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_World_Series. “Advertisement: Sees With Her Mind (Page 5).” The Spokane Chronicle (Spokane, Washington), October 13, 1903. www.newspapers.com. Association, American Lung. “How We Conquered Consumption.” American Lung Association. Accessed July 1, 2024. https://www.lung.org/blog/how-we-conquered-consumption. “Boston Wins Championship.” Spokane Chronicle (Spokane, Washington), October 13, 1903. www.newspapers.com. “The Bravery of a Woman.” The Cincinnati Post (Cincinnati, Ohio), July 18, 1903. www.newspapers.com. “Court Frees Accused Man.” The Times Plain-Dealer (Cresco, Iowa), September 20, 1907. www.newspapers.com. “Defense of Blydenburg.” The Sioux City Journal (Sioux City, Iowa), January 25, 1904. www.newspapers.com. “Emily Frances Hawkins Blydenburgh .” Find a Grave. Accessed July 1, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/190669736/emily_frances_blydenburgh. “He Is a Modern Bluebeard or a Much Wronged Man.” The Sandusky Star-Journal (Sandusky, Ohio), January 25, 1904. www.newspapers.com. “Life in Prison at Hard Labor, Is the Fate in Store for Ebenezer Blydenburg.” Piqua Leader-Dispatch (Piqua, Ohio), February 5, 1904. www.newspapers.com. “Most Pathetic Story.” Fort Scott Daily Tribune (Fort Scott, Kansas), October 13, 1903. www.newspapers.com. “Mystery in Girl's Death.” Marble Rock Journal (Marble Rock, Iowa), September 20, 1906. www.newspapers.com. “Poisoned His Wives.” Fall River Globe (Fall River, Massachusetts), October 13, 1903. www.newspapers.com. “Probing Death of Woman.” The Washington Post (Washington D. C.), October 13, 1903. www.newspapers.com. “A Woman With Nerve.” The News Tribune (Tacoma, Washington), October 13, 1903. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

On October 6, 1927, The Jazz Singer, the first fully integrated 'talkie' movie made its debut. What else was being reported in newspapers around the country and world on that same day? SOURCES For a list of the sources used in today's episode, check out the Additional History Facebook Group, or email me at additionalhistory@gmail.com.

In this very old story, you will learn all about Lord Timothy Dexter, a quirky character who seemed to be the luckiest man alive. And, was he even a real Lord? You'll have to listen to find out where the title came from. SOURCES For a list of today's sources, check out the Additional History Facebook group, or email me at additionalhistory@gmail.com.

On June 10. 1948, the world found out that Chuck Yeager had broken the sound barrier 8 months earlier, becoming the first human to complete such a feat. Why was there a delay in notifying the public? And, what else was being reported that day? SOURCES For a list of today's sources, see the Additional History Facebook group, or email me at additionalhistory@gmail.com.

On July 26, 1908, something happened that would end up having a big impact on the United States of America. The FBI was first organized. However, the day would pass without people realizing anything significant had even happened. What were they reading about in newspapers instead? SOURCES “Advertisement: Catron and Stevenson (Olive Oil) Page 6.” Fort Smith Times (Fort Smith, Arkansas), July 26, 1908. www.newspapers.com. “Benders Not Killed.” Newspapers.com, July 14, 1908. https://kansashistoricalopencontent.newspapers.com/article/the-coffeyville-daily-journal-benders-no/130868647/. “Bloody Benders.” Wikipedia, May 28, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Benders. “A Brief History.” FBI, May 3, 2016. https://www.fbi.gov/history/brief-history. “Charles Joseph Bonaparte.” Wikipedia, May 31, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Joseph_Bonaparte. “Close of the Great Olympic.” The News and Advance (Lynchburg, Virginia), July 26, 1908. www.newspapers.com. “Entirety of Front Page (Various Articles).” The Detroit Free Press (Detroit, Michigan), July 26, 1908. www.newspapers.com. Loging, Shawn. “150 Years Later, Renewed Search Hoping to Add to the Story of a Kansas Frontier Family of Serial Killers.” https://www.kwch.com, November 26, 2023. https://www.kwch.com/2023/11/26/150-years-later-investigation-hoping-add-story-kansas-frontier-family-serial-killers/. “Missing Sons Are Found.” The Colfax Press (Colfax, Illinois), August 13, 1908. www.newspapers.com. “Mystery of Stamm Murder.” The Toluca Star (Toluca, Illinois), August 7, 1908. www.newspapers.com. “Speaking of Close Harmony: Mr. Bonaparte and Judge Grosscup Asked to Dine with John D's Son-In-Law.” The Kansas City Star (Kansas City, Missouri), July 26, 1908. www.newspapers.com. “The Truth About The Benders.” The Washington Post (Washington D. C.), July 26, 1908. www.newspapers.com. “Was A Heartless Crime.” The Sedalia Democrat-Sentinel (Sedalia, Missouri), July 26, 1908. www.newspapers.com. “Was A Heartless Crime.” The Sedalia Democrat-Sentinel (Sedalia, Missouri), July 30, 1908. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

It's been fun watching the Olympics in Paris the last few weeks, so, for today's mini episode I decided to tell you about one of my favorite Olympic history moments--the 1904 Olympic Marathon in St. Louis, Missouri. I think you're going to laugh and cry with this story. That is to say, you might cry from laughing so hard. SOURCES Abbott, Karen. “The 1904 Olympic Marathon May Have Been the Strangest Ever.” Smithsonian.com, August 7, 2012. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-1904-olympic-marathon-may-have-been-the-strangest-ever-14910747/. “Americans Seeking to Receive Classic Honors In Marathon Race Today.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, Missouri), August 30, 1904. www.newspapers.com. “Andarín Carvajal.” Wikipedia, July 3, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andar%C3%ADn_Carvajal. “Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's Marathon.” Wikipedia, June 3, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_marathon#:~:text=His%20ostensible%20reason%20was%20to,the%20second%2Dslowest%20winning%20time. Felix Carvajal. Accessed June 27, 2024. https://olympics.com/en/athletes/felix-carvajal. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

On February 20, 1962, history was made when John Glenn became the first American to orbit the earth. He instantly became a national hero. But, it wasn't the only thing making headlines that day. What else was being reported? SOURCES “Accused Slayer Leaves Hospital, Is Recaptured.” Albuquerque Journal (Albuquerque, New Mexico), November 23, 1962. www.newspapers.com. “Advertisement (Page 3): West Coast Air.” The Idaho Statesman (Boise, Idaho), February 20, 1962. www.newspapers.com. Associated Press. “The People Pray.” Springfield Leader and Press (Springfield, Missouri), February 20, 1962. www.newspapers.com. Associated Press. “Zoo Snake Attacker Is Arrested.” Mt. Vernon Register-News (Mt. Vernon, Illinois), February 19, 1962. www.newspapers.com. Biography.com Editors. “John Glenn.” Biography.com, May 6, 2021. https://www.biography.com/scientists/john-glenn. Butler, Chris. “Glenn Orbits In Shot Heard Around World.” Orlando Evening Star (Orlando, Florida), February 20, 1962. www.newspapers.com. “Cold War U-2 Pilot Gets Posthumous Silver Star.” Air Force. Accessed June 12, 2024. https://www.af.mil/News/Article Display/Article/110999/cold-war-u-2-pilot-gets-posthumous-silver-star/. “Francis Gary Powers.” Wikipedia, June 1, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Gary_Powers. Hudson, Don. “Ruiz Found Insane, Sent to Hospital.” The Santa Fe New Mexican (Santa Fe, New Mexico), October 26, 1962. www.newspapers.com. Jenkins, Jay. “It's No Lie Sam -- You're Going Free.” The Charlotte Observer (Charlotte, North Carolina), February 20, 1962. www.newspapers.com. “John Glenn Becomes First American to Orbit Earth | February 20, 1962.” History.com. Accessed June 12, 2024. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/an-american-orbits-earth. McADA, Bill. “Ruiz Admits Impossible Burch Slaying.” The Santa Fe New Mexican (Santa Fe, New Mexico), February 20, 1962. www.newspapers.com. McADA, Bill. “Ruiz Admits Impossible Burch Slaying.” The Santa Fe New Mexican (Santa Fe, New Mexico), February 20, 1962. www.newspapers.com. “Pilot Agrees to Lie Detectors In Probe By Intelligent Agents.” The Macon News (Macon, Georgia), February 20, 1962. www.newspapers.com. “Seven Take French Leave From Hospital.” The Santa Fe New Mexican (Santa Fe, New Mexico), November 25, 1962. www.newspapers.com. “U-2 Overflights and the Capture of Francis Gary Powers, 1960.” U.S. Department of State. Accessed June 12, 2024. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1953-1960/u2-incident. United Press International. “Smashed Cages.” Evansville Press (Evansville, Indiana), February 20, 1962. www.newspapers.com. United Press International. “Youth Admits Killing Woman in Santa Fe.” The Albuquerque Tribune (Albuquerque, New Mexico), September 29, 1961. www.newspapers.com. United Press International. “Zombie Man Rips Into Snake Cages.” The Lebanon Daily Record (Lebanon, Missouri), February 19, 1962. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

On March 15, 1848, something that had happened two months earlier was finally reported in a newspaper for the first time. It only made it into one newspaper, but that was all that was needed to announce that gold had been found in California. That announcement sparked the California Gold Rush and changed history. SOURCES “Advertisements (Front age).” The Californian (San Francisco, California), March 15, 1848. www.newspapers.com. “The Annual Message of the President of the United States to the Thirtieth Congress.” The New York Herald (New York, New York), December 6, 1848. www.newspapers.com. “The Bermondsey Horror: History Blog UK.” The Ministry Of History History Blog UK Europe. Accessed June 12, 2024. https://www.theministryofhistory.co.uk/short-histories-blog/bermondsey-horror. “A Big Snake Excitement.” The Evening Post (New York, New York), July 6, 1848. www.newspapers.com. “The Californian (1840s Newspaper).” Wikipedia, November 26, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Californian_(1840s_newspaper). “The Discovery of Gold: Early California History: An Overview: Articles and Essays: California as I Saw It: First-Person Narratives of California's Early Years, 1849-1900: Digital Collections: Library of Congress.” The Library of Congress. Accessed June 12, 2024. https://www.loc.gov/collections/california-first-person-narratives/articles-and-essays/early-california-history/discovery-of gold/#:~:text=Governor%20Mason's%20report%20of%20that,Niners%22%20were%20on%20their%20way. “Gold Rush: California, Date & Sutter's Mill.” History.com. Accessed June 12, 2024. https://www.history.com/topics/19th-century/gold-rush-of-1849. “The Great Russellville Snake.” Buffalo Courier Express (Buffalo, New York), March 22, 1849. www.newspapers.com. “Marie Manning (Murderer).” Wikipedia, April 11, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Manning_(murderer). McEneaney, Cian. “Changing Attitudes toward Irish Canadians: The Impact of the 1847 Famine Influx in the Province of Canada .” Bridgewater State University, 2021. https://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1491&context=undergrad_rev. “A Monster Snake.” The Hull Packet and East Riding Times (Hull, East Yorkshire, England), January 12, 1849. www.newspapers.com. “Mortality of Immigrants to Canada.” Daily National Intelligencer (Washington D. C.), January 24, 1848. www.newspapers.com. “The Murder at Bermondsey.” The Observer (London, Greater London, England), September 3, 1849. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

Since today's episode is a mini episode, there isn't just one specific day for the title. The subject, however, is premature obituaries. I've got a bunch of crazy stories for you--and all of them have to do with times that deaths were reported while people were actually still alive. Enjoy! SOURCES “5 People Who Read Their Own Premature Obituary.” Beyond the Dash, November 25, 2019. https://beyondthedash.com/blog/obituary-writing/people-who-read-their-premature-obituary/7378. Baker, Russell W. “London Press Overlooked Durability of Hemingway.” The Baltimore Sun (Baltimore, Maryland), January 26, 1954. www.newspapers.com. “Cannibal Holocaust.” Wikipedia, June 9, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannibal_Holocaust. “Ernest Hemingway .” Biography.com. Accessed June 11, 2024. https://www.biography.com/authors-writers/ernest-hemingway. “Hemingway Lost In Plane Crash.” The Daily Herald (London, London, England), January 25, 1954. www.newspapers.com. “Luca Barbareschi.” The Movie Database. Accessed June 11, 2024. https://www.themoviedb.org/person/55650-luca-barbareschi?language=en-US. “Mark Twain Seriously Ill.” The Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, New York), June 1, 1897. www.newspapers.com. “Mark Twain.” Wikipedia, June 10, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Twain#:~:text=The%20Almighty%20has%20said%2C%20no,comet%20passed%20Earth%20that%20year. “Mr. Hemingway's Escapes In Two Plane Crashes.” The Guardian (London, England), January 26, 1954. www.newspapers.com. “Snap Shots.” Lancaster New Era (Lancaster, Pennsylvania), October 8, 1897. www.newspapers.com. “Twain's Famous 1897 Quote: The Back Story.” Media Myth Alert, June 1, 2010. https://mediamythalert.com/2010/06/01/twains-famous-1897-quote-the-back-story/. White, Frank Marshall. “Mark Twain Well.” The Buffalo Evening News (Buffalo, New York), June 1, 1897. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.          

On December 19, 1998, something happened that hadn't happened in the United States in more than a hundred years. President Bill Clinton was officially impeached. Even though newspapers all over the world were printing articles about impeachment, it wasn't the only thing being reported that day. What other crazy things made the news? SOURCES Associated Press. “Convicted Child Molester a Suspect in 1998 Disappearance of 8-Year-Old.” Statesman Journal (Salem, Oregon), November 15, 1998 www.newspapers.com. Associated Press. “Molester a Suspect in Missing Child Case.” Albany Democrat-Herald (Albany, Oregon), November 14, 1998. www.newspapers.com. Barnard, Jeff. “Mom of Missing Boy Thanks Searchers, Tells Them to Go Home to Their Families.” Sentinel-Tribune (Bowling Green, Ohio), December 19, 1998. www.newspapers.com. Barnard, Jeff. “Still No Sign of 8 Year Old Lost in Snowy Wilderness.” The World (Coos Bay, Oregon), December 9, 1998. www.newspapers.com. Blanco, Juan Ignacio. “Andrew Lavern Smith.” Murderpedia, the encyclopedia of murderers. Accessed June 10, 2024. https://murderpedia.org/male.S/s1/smith andrew-lavern.htm. Bunyan, Nigel, and Will Bennett. “1 Million Pound Shakespeare Folio Stolen in University Raid.” The Daily Telegraph (London, England), December 19, 1998. Burrin, Elliot, and Will Dixon. “Stolen Shakespeare: The Story of Durham's First Folio.” Palatinate, April 23, 2020. https://www.palatinate.org.uk/stolen-shakespeare-the-story-of-durhams-first folio/#:~:text=In%20December%201998%2C%20seven%20books,Chaucer%2C%20and%20a%20First%20Folio. “Disappearance of Derrick Engebretson.” Wikipedia, February 3, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disappearance_of_Derrick Engebretson. “Nokia Cell Phone Ad (Page 7).” Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN), December 19, 1998. www.newspapers.com. Pratt, Mark. “500th Execution Since 1977 Held.” Republican and Herald (Pottsville, Pennsylvania), December 19, 1998. www.newspapers.com. “President Clinton Impeached | December 19, 1998.” History.com. Accessed June 10, 2024. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/president-clinton-impeached. “Raymond Scott Guilty of Handling Stolen Folio of Shakespeare's Plays.” The Guardian, July 9, 2010. https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/jul/09/raymond-scott-stolen-shakespeare-first-folio. StrangeOutdoors. “The Strange Disappearance of Derrick Engebretson from the Winema National Forest.” StrangeOutdoors.com, August 13, 2021. https://www.strangeoutdoors.com/mysterious-stories-blog/2017/12/4/derrick-engebretson. “The Trail Went Cold - Episode 254 - Derrick Engebretson & Kurt Newton.” Spotify, December 8, 2021. https://open.spotify.com/episode/0sJ99C6zqmxqqaQA6HUC9y. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

In honor of Flag Day this week, I decided to make an episode about something written in honor of the flag of the United States of America--The Star Spangled Banner. Why was it written and when was it officially adopted as out national anthem? And, as always, I have three great additional history stories that go along with the famous date. SOURCES .“When an Actress Disappears...” Let's Misbehave: A Tribute to Precode Hollywood, January 1, 1970. http://www.precodemisbehaving.com/2016/02/. Associated Press. “Athlete May Die For Death of Young Girl.” Valley Morning Star (Harlingen, Texas), March 3, 1931. www.newspapers.com. Associated Press. “Term of One to Ten Years For Kirkland.” Carbondale Free Press (Carbondale, Illinois), May 27, 1931. www.newspapers.com. Associated Press. “‘Star-Spangled Banner' Voted National Anthem.” Stockton Evening and Sunday Record (Stockton, California), March 3, 1931. www.newspapers.com. “Camel Cigarettes: Contest Announcement (Page 5).” The Albany Democrat-Herald (Albany, Oregon), March 3, 1931. www.newspapers.com. “Edna Mae Cooper Is Still Missing.” The Pittsburgh Press (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), February 28, 1931. www.newspapers.com. “Edna Mae Cooper, Girl Flyer, Vanishes From Coast Home.” The Brooklyn Daily Times (Brooklyn, New York), February 26, 1931. www.newspapers.com. “Facsimile of First Newspaper Printing of the Star Spangled Banner.” Library of Congress. Accessed April 16, 2024. https://www.loc.gov/resource/ihas.100010479.0. “Five Attacker's In Gary Girl's Death to Be Arraigned Today.” The Indianapolis Star (Indianapolis, Indiana), December 2, 1930. www.newspapers.com. Francis Scott key: Biography, Lawyer, Star-Spangled Banner writer. Accessed April 16, 2024. https://www.biography.com/authors-writers/francis-scott-key. McNamara, Joseph. “Body of Evidence.” The Daily News (New York, New York), October 3, 1993. www.newspapers.com. The Ninety-Nines, Inc. “Our History: Women in Aviation History - Bobbi Trout.” The Ninety-Nines, Inc. Accessed May 17, 2024. https://www.ninety-nines.org/bobbi trout.htm. “Pictorial Story of Murder in Which Dead Woman's Handshake Figures.” Valley Morning Star (Harlingen, Texas), March 3, 1931. www.newspapers.com. reprinted from The Wichita Beacon. “Where Is Your Child To-Night?” The Winchester Star (Winchester, Kansas), April 17, 1931. www.newspapers.com. Smithsonian Institution. “Star-Spangled Banner.” Smithsonian Institution. Accessed April 15, 2024. https://www.si.edu/spotlight/flag-day/banner-facts#:~:text=After%20several%20decades%20of%20attempts,Hoover%20on%20March%203%2C%201931. United Press. “Athlete Acts Out the Fatal Scene.” Lincoln Journal Star (Lincoln, Nebraska) , March 6, 1931. www.newspapers.com. United Press. “Coroner's Jury Finds That Victim Died Following Criminal Attack.” The Indianapolis Times (Indianapolis, Indiana), December 1, 1930. www.newspapers.com. United Press. “Five Are Accused in Death of Girl.” The Times (Indianapolis, Indiana), December 1, 1930. www.newspapers.com. United Press. “Mystery Cloaks Finding Missing Endurance Flyer.” The Montana Standard (Butte, Montana), March 3, 1931. www.newspapers.com. “William Frazer Will Face Murder Charge.” The Gaffney Ledger (Gaffney, South Carolina), March 3, 1931. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

It's another random clippings episode! This is an episode where I gather random short stories I've clipped from newspapers. The years and dates have nothing to do with each other like in my full size episodes. Enjoy! SOURCES Associated Press. “WomanSays She Is Sick of Talking.” The Oshkosh Northwestern (Oshkosh, Wisconsin), August 21, 1959. www.newspapers.com. Associated Press. “Woman Skids On Bath Soap Through Window.” The Tribune/The Scranton Republican (Scranton, Pennsylvania), May 2, 1934. www.newspapers.com. “Burns Received During Play Are Fatal To Child.” The Kilgore News Herald (Kilgore, Texas), April 15, 1935. “Kidnapper's Child Maimed.” The New York Times (New York City, New York), August 14, 1914. www.newspapers.com. “Man Mistaken As Robber Is Slain By Illinois Policeman.” The Winchester Sun (Winchester, Kentucky), December 21, 1937. www.newspapers.com. “Manor Woman Freezes To Death After Fall.” The Austin American (Austin, Texas), February 14, 1929. www.newspapers.com. “Penny Each For Children When Mother Quit.” The Times (Brooklyn, New York), August 18, 1933. www.newspapers.com. United Press. “Wet Is Actually Wet.” The Wichita Beacon (Wichita, Kansas), January 25, 1933. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. InspectorJ. “Bell, Candle Damper A (H4n).wav.” November 17, 2017. www.freesound.org. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.          

On August 16, 1977, the nation was shocked when the evening headlines were sent out. Elvis Presley, the King of Rock and Roll was dead. What else was being reported on such a tragic day? SOURCES “Advertisement: RCA Televisions (Page 2).” The Winona Daily News (Winona, Minnesota), August 16, 1977. www.newspapers.com. Associated Press. “N. Y. Grand Jury Indicts Berkowitz in Slaying.” The Daily Pantagraph (Bloomington, Illinois), August 16, 1977. www.newspapers.com. “Biography.” Graceland. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://www.graceland.com/biography. Blanco, Juan Ignacio. “Herbert Lee Richardson: Murderpedia, the Encyclopedia of Murderers.” Herbert Lee Richardson | Murderpedia, the encyclopedia of murderers. Accessed February 5, 2024. https://murderpedia.org/male.R/r1/richardson-herbert.htm. “Bomb Kills Girl Here; Man Sought In Death.” The Dothan Eagle (Dothan, Alabama), August 16, 1977. www.newspapers.com. “David Berkowitz.” Wikipedia, February 1, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Berkowitz. Ehrlich, Ken. “Portrait Is Saco Man's Hope for Elvis Meeting.” Journal Tribune (Biddeford, Maine), August 16, 1977. www.newspapers.com. “Elvis Presley Dies.” The San Francisco Examiner (San Francisco, California), August 16, 1977. www.newspapers.com. “Lost Graveyard Haunts Park Developer.” Tri-City Herald (Pasco, Washington), August 16, 1977. www.newspapers.com. “Old Almshouse Cemetery.” Rootsweb. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://sites.rootsweb.com/~paerie/cemeteries/almshouse.htm. “Richardson v. State.” Justia Law. Accessed February 5, 2024. https://law.justia.com/cases/alabama/court-of-appeals-criminal/1978/376-so-2d-205-0.html. Ripley's Believe It or Not!, Steph Distasio, and Colton Kruse. “Bizarre Elvis Facts That Will Leave You All Shook Up.” Ripley's Believe It or Not!, November 17, 2023. https://www.ripleys.com/weird-news/bizarre-elvis-facts/. “The Rise of the Son of Sam.” Psychology Today. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/202310/the-rise-of-the-son-of-sam. Whole. The Sons of Sam: A Descent Into Darkness 1, no. 1. Netflix, May 5, 2021. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

On February 21, 1885, an event that was more than 100 years in the making finally happened--the Washington Monument was dedicated. What else was happening around the country (and even in Washington D. C.) on that very special day? SOURCES “5 Things You Might Not Know about the Washington Monument.” History.com. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://www.history.com/news/5-things-you-might-not-know-about-the-washington-monument. “Asylum in Flames.” Harrisburg Daily Independent (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania), February 13, 1885. www.newspapers.com. “Fatal Explosion.” Savannah Morning News (Savannah, Georgia), February 21, 1885. www.newspapers.com. “History & Culture.” National Parks Service. Accessed December 21, 2023. https://www.nps.gov/wamo/learn/historyculture/index.htm#:~:text=The%20Washington%20Monument%20was%20dedicated,on%20a%20Sunday%20that%20year). “The Monument.” The Evening Star (Washington D. C.), February 21, 1885. www.newspapers.com. “Nurse Schroeder Discharged.” The Philadelphia Inquirer, April 3, 1885. www.newspapers.com. Roberts, Jay. “Blood on the Snow: The 1885 Railroad Disaster at Four Mile Run.” Jaybirds Jottings, May 1, 2021. https://jay.typepad.com/william_jay/2017/08/blood-on-the-snow-the-1885-railroad-disaster-at-four-mile-run-1.html. “Shot and Killed.” Nashville Banner (Nashville, Tennessee), February 21, 1885. www.newspapers.com. “Three Killed In A Sleeper.” Savannah Morning News (Savannah, Georgia), February 21, 1885. www.newspapers.com. “The Virginia Railroad Wreck.” The Saint Paul Globe (Saint Paul, Minnesota), February 21, 1885. www.newspapers.com. “The Work of Fiends.” Reading Times (Reading, Pennsylvania), February 21, 1885. www.newspapers.com. “The Work of Jealousy.” The Ottawa Daily Republic (Ottawa, Kansas), February 21, 1885. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

Today I've got three Christmas miracles or you. All of them are historical, and all of them were printed about in newspapers after they happened. But, most importantly, all of them will leave you with a warm feeling this holiday season. SOURCES Arnold, Oren. “Six-Day Old Baby Found In Hatbox In Arizona Desert Christmas Eve...” The Tennessean (Nashville, Tennessee), December 18, 1932. www.newspapers.com. Baker, Edna. “A Christmas Miracle.” Edmonton Journal (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada), December 22, 1928. www.newspapers.com. Duncan, Bob. “‘Meredith Victory' Credited With Saving 14,000 Koreans.” Winston-Salem Journal (Winston-Salem, North Carolina), February 14, 1951. www.newspapers.com. D'Anna, John. “‘Hatbox Baby' Sharon Elliott, Who Spent Years Trying to Solve Old Arizona Mystery, Dies at 86.” The Arizona Republic, December 5, 2018. https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizona-best-reads/2018/12/04/hatbox-baby-sharon-elliott-arizona-mystery-dies-86/2204741002/. D'Anna, John. “‘miracle' Baby Found on Roadside Is One of Arizona's Great Mysteries. Will New Clues Solve It?[All of 10 Chapter Series].” The Arizona Republic, December 24, 2018. https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizona-best-reads/2018/12/23/hatbox-baby-great-arizona-mystery-new-clues-solve-sharon-elliott/2301185002/. Hall, Warren. “Dedicated Skipper.” Fort Lauderdale News (Fort Lauderdale, Florida), December 18, 1960. www.newspapers.com. “Leonard LaRue.” Wikipedia, November 27, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_LaRue. Lucey, Danielle. “Highlighting Our Heroes: Capt. Leonard Larue.” Navy League of the United States, July 8, 2021. https://www.navyleague.org/news/highlighting-our-heroes-capt-leonard-larue/. Oliver, Myrna. “Leonard LaRue, Who Rescued 14,000 Refugees, Dies at 87.” The Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California), October 22, 2001. www.newspapers.com. Wiki, Contributors to Unsolved Mysteries. “The Hatbox Baby.” Unsolved Mysteries Wiki. Accessed December 15, 2023. https://unsolvedmysteries.fandom.com/wiki/The_Hatbox_Baby. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music.  Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. InspectorJ. “Bell, Candle Damper A (H4n).wav.” November 17, 2017. www.freesound.org.

I try to keep the main subject of podcast episodes that fall near the holidays a little more upbeat than normal. This latest episode will hopefully be nostalgic for many of you. The date is December 21, 1937, the day "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" was released by Walt Disney, the first full-length animated film. SOURCES “Advertisement: Loeb's.” Journal and Courier (Lafayette, Indiana), December 21, 1937. www.newspapers.com. “Benjamin Phillips Mullen (1890-1937) .” Find a Grave. Accessed December 7, 2023. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/196581423/benja in-phillips-mullen. Blanco, Juan Ignacio. “Eugen Weidmann: Murderpedia, the Encyclopedia of Murderers.” Eugen Weidmann | Murderpedia, the encyclopedia of murderers. Accessed December 7, 2023. https://murderpedia.org/male.W/w/weidmann-eugen.htm. “Dancer's Slayer Is Guillotined.” Daily Clarion-Ledger (Jackson, Mississippi), June 18, 1939. www.newspapers.com. “Disney Releases ‘Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.'” History.com. Accessed November 10, 2023. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/disney releases-snow-white-and-the-seven-dwarfs.' Esslinger, Michael. “The December Departures From Alcatraz.” City ExperiencesTM, August 4, 2022. https://www.cityexperiences.com/blog/the-december-departures-from-alcatraz/. “Eugen Weidmann.” Wikipedia, October 24, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugen_Weidmann. “List of Alcatraz Escape Attempts.” Wikipedia, November 4, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Alcatraz_escape_attempts. “Man Mistaken As Robber Is Slain By Illinois Policemen.” The Winchester Sun (Winchester, Kentucky), December 21, 1937. www.newspapers.com. Newspaper Enterprise Association. “Heroine Safe, Dwarfs Chase Witch As Premiere of ‘Snow White' Nears.” The Anniston Star (Anniston, Alabama), December 21, 1937. www.newspapers.com. “Secluded Murder Villa Gives Up ‘Bluebeard Gang' Victims.” Baraboo News Republic (Baraboo, Wisconsin), December 21, 1937. www.newspapers.com. “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 Film).” Wikipedia, November 10, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_White_and_the_Seven_Dwarfs_(1937_film)#:~:text=Original%20theatrical%20run,-Duration%3A%201%20minute&text=Snow%20White%20and%20the%20Seven%20Dwarfs%20premiered%20at%20the%20Carthay,Marlene%20Dietrich%20and%20Charles%20Laughton. “Theodore Cole and Ralph Roe.” Wikipedia, August 21, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Cole_and_Ralph_Roe. “They Escaped From Alcatraz.” The Vernon Daily Record (Vernon, Texas), December 21, 1937. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. InspectorJ. “Bell, Candle Damper A (H4n).wav.” November 17, 2017.= www.freesound.org.

Can you believe it? I'm finally releasing a new episode! It's a miracle! In this new episode, I'm going to tell you about something that happened on August 22, 1911--something that shocked the world. On that day, the famous Mona Lisa painting was stolen. I'll tell you a little bit about that event, and then share three fun, Additional History stories, too. Enjoy! SOURCES “Advertisement: Kellogg's Cornflakes (Page 3).” Argus-Leader (Sioux Falls, South Dakota), August 22, 1911. www.newspapers.com. Barnebys. “The Incredible 1911 Theft of the Mona Lisa: Barnebys Magazine.” Barnebys.com, July 22, 2022. https://www.barnebys.com/blog/the-incredible-1911-theft-of-the-mona-lisa. “Great Painting Stolen.” Boston Evening Transcript (Boston, Massachusetts), August 22, 1911. www.newspapers.com. “Preacher Accused of Murder.” The Baltimore Sun (Baltimore, Maryland) , January 14, 1909. www.newspapers.com. Sperling, Susan. “Ernest Lyons.” National registry of exonerations pre 1989. Accessed October 18, 2023. https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetailpre1989.aspx?caseid=204. Staff, NPR. “The Theft That Made the ‘Mona Lisa' A Masterpiece.” NPR, July 30, 2011. https://www.npr.org/2011/07/30/138800110/the-theft-that-made-the-mona-lisa-a-masterpiece. “Studies in Scarlet.” Curiosity Collections - Harvard Library. Accessed October 18, 2023. https://curiosity.lib.harvard.edu/scarlet. “Widow Needs Help.” The Evening Star (Washington D. C.), August 22, 1911. www.newspapers.com. “Woman and Children Stranded In Station.” Alexandria Gazette (Alexandria, Virginia), August 22, 1911. www.newspapers.com. “‘Murdered Man' Alive, Alleged Slayer In Pen.” The Lawton Daily News (Lawton, Oklahoma), August 22, 1911. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.    

Today I'll share some of the additional history stories that have stuck with me from the earliest episodes of the podcast.

IT'S THE 200TH EPISODE!!! I can't believe I've made it this far, but since I did, I definitely had to cover the bicentennial celebration of the United States of America for the episode. There was a lot being written about in newspapers that day! SOURCES “41 Years Ago, 4 Bombings Swept up the Seacoast from Boston to New Hampshire.” Boston.com, July 2, 2017. https://www.boston.com/news/history/2017/07/02/41-years-ago-4-bombings-swept-up-the-seacoast-from-boston-to-new-hampshire/. “Advertisement: Gates of the Mountains Boat Tour (Pg. 26).” The Montana Standard (Butte, Montana), July 4, 1976. www.newspapers.com. Anton, Leonora LaPeter. “Death Row Inmate Tommy Zeigler Gets All-Clear for DNA Testing.” Tampa Bay Times. Accessed June 6, 2023. https://www.tampabay.com/news/breaking-news/2022/12/19/death-row-inmate-tommy-zeigler-gets-all-clear-dna-testing/. “The Bicentennial Bell.” National Parks Service. Accessed June 5, 2023. https://www.nps.gov/inde/learn/historyculture/bicentennialbell.htm. Blanco, Juan Ignacio. “William Zeigler: Murderpedia, the Encyclopedia of Murderers.” William Zeigler Murderpedia, the encyclopedia of murderers. Accessed June 6, 2023. https://murderpedia.org/male.Z/z/zeigler-william.htm. Fox, Greg. “Florida Mass Murderer Fights for Freedom; DNA Testing May Be Last Chance.” WESH, February 22, 2023. https://www.wesh.com/article/william-zeigler-murder-case/43015536#. Goldbacher, Ray. “Newark Woman to Be A.F. Cadet.” Evening Journal (Wilmington, Delaware), June 28, 1976. www.newspapers.com. United Press International. “Early-Morning Bomb Blasts Rock Boston, Damaging Airplane, Courthouse, Truck.” The Berkshire Eagle (Pittsfield, Massachusetts), July 2, 1976. www.newspapers.com. United Press International. “Girl Air Cadet Gets Word by Canoe Up Peru River.” Albuquerque Journal (Albuquerque, New Mexico), July 4, 1976. www.newspapers.com. United Press International. “Happy Anniversary, America!” Cumberland Sunday Times (Cumberland, Maryland), July 4, 1976. www.newspapers.com. United Press International. “Historical Sites' Security Tightened After Bombings.” The News and Observer (Raleigh, North Carolina), July 4, 1976. www.newspapers.com. “United States Bicentennial.” Wikipedia, May 22, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial#:~:text=Festivities%20included%20elaborate%20fireworks%20in,D.C.%20which%20was%20televised%20nationally. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

It's here! The 8th random clipping episode. I'll share some of the weird, funny, and sad things I've found while researching other episodes. SOURCES Associated Press. “Hydrophobia Victim Poisons 5 With Bite Before Death Comes.” The Miami News (Miami, Florida), September 1, 1928. www.newspapers.com. Associated Press. “Wouldn't Dream Of It.” The Herald-News (Passaic, New Jersey), October 22, 1962. www.newspapers.com. “Distressing Accident.” New York Daily Herald (New York City, New York), February 23, 1836. www.newspapers.com. “Dr. H. D. Kelly Is Now In Normal Condition.” Evening World Herald (Omaha, Nebraska), April 12, 1911. www.newspapers.com. “Dr. Harry Kelly Is Home, A Free Man.” The Omaha Daily News (Omaha, Nebraska), December 6, 1914. www.newspapers.com. “An Inebriate Runs Amuck in Des Moines.” The Fort Wayne News (Fort Wayne, Indiana), March 25, 1911. www.newspapers.com. “Light Plant Blast Loosens Man's Ring.” The Idaho Statesman (Boise, Idaho), July 9, 1937. www.newspapers.com. Marco, Count. “Get Him Plastered Before Saying ‘I Do.'” The Columbian (Vancouver, Washington), May 4, 1970. www.newspapers.com. “Physician Kills His Guard While Crazed By Drink.” The Bayard News (Bayard, Iowa), March 30, 1911. www.newspapers.com. “Queer Quirks.” The Waxahachie Daily Light (Waxahachie, Texas), November 13, 1929. www.newspapers.com. “Slayer of Two Sees Freedom in Double Verdict.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, Missouri), December 17, 1911. www.newspapers.com. “Talking In Sleep.” The Sydney Morning Herald (Sydney, Australia), March 25, 1911. www.newspapers.com. “‘Daniel Camp, a Well Known Planter...'” The Meriden Daily Republican (Meriden, Connecticut, October 12, 1882. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. InspectorJ. “Bell, Candle Damper A (H4n).wav.” November 17, 2017. www.freesound.org.

On March 2, 1836, Texas declared its independence from Mexico. Just a few days later, everyone inside the Alamo would be slaughtered by the Mexican army. What else was being reported around the country and world on such a sad day in history? SOURCES “Anti-Masonic Party.” Wikipedia, June 1, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party. “Battle and Revolution.” The Alamo. Accessed June 3, 2023. https://www.thealamo.org/remember/battle-and-revolution#:~:text=At%20dawn%20on%20March%206,Texas%2C%20and%20even%20the%20world. “The Bill to Suppress Secret Societies.” The Pittsburgh Gazette (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), March 4, 1836. www.newspapers.com. “The Gwenapp Murder.” The Morning Post (London, England), March 2, 1836. www.newspapers.com. History Untold: Freemasons and the Dissapearance of William Morgan. YouTube. YouTube, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nO8HmCcVS3U&t=71s. “Murder of a Daughter by Her Father.” The Morning Chronicle (London, England), March 2, 1836. www.newspapers.com. “Texas.” The Pittsburgh Gazette (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), March 3, 1836. www.newspapers.com. “Thursday, March 31.” The Cornwall Royal Gazette (Truro, England), April 8, 1836. www.newspapers.com. “US History: The Battle of the Alamo.” Ducksters. Accessed June 3, 2023. https://www.ducksters.com/history/us_1800s/battle_of_the_alamo.php. “William Morgan (Anti-Mason).” Wikipedia, January 26, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Morgan_(anti-Mason). “Zoological Exhibition.” Boston Post (Boston, Massachusetts, February 27, 1836. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music. Thomas Blackburn. “Ballad of Davy Crockett.” https://archive.org/details/78_i-gave-my-love-riddle-song_fess-parker-tom-blackburn-george-bruns_gbia0043980/01+-+Ballad+of+Davy+Crockett+-+Fess+Parker+-+Tom+Blackburn.flac

April 15, 1947, was a big day in the world of sports and racial equality. It was the day Jackie Robinson made his Major League Baseball debut, becoming the first person to break the color barrier in that sport. What else was being reported around the world on such an important day? _____ SOURCES Associated Press. “Atom Scientist Files 1st Suit For Ray Hurts.” April 15, 1947. Associated Press. “Satira Insists Mee Beat Her.” The McAlester News-Capital (McAlester, Oklahoma), April 15, 1947. www.newspapers.com. “Atomic Accidents.” Nuclear Museum. Accessed June 2, 2023. https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/history/atomic-accidents/. “Charge Dismissed Against City Man For Fight In Airplane.” The Daily Oklahoman (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma), May 9, 1947. www.newspapers.com. Grundhauser, Eric. “The Experimental Nuclear Reactor Secretly Built under the University of Chicago.” Atlas Obscura, December 12, 2016. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-experimental-nuclear-reactor-secretly-built-under-the-university-of-chicago. Herbert, Lou. “What Ever Happened to Satira?” THE TOLEDO GAZETTE. Accessed June 2, 2023. https://toledogazette.wordpress.com/tag/mee/. Herbert, Lou. “Whatever Happened to Toledo Satira? Answers Revealed!” THE TOLEDO GAZETTE, March 27, 2016. https://toledogazette.wordpress.com/2016/03/27/whatever-happened-to-toledo-satira-answers-revealed/#comments. Honicker, Clifford T. “America's Radiation Victims: The Hidden Files.” The New York Times, November 19, 1989. https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/19/magazine/america-s-radiation-victims-the-hidden-files.html. “J. Robinson, Ballplayer.” The Evening Sun (Hanover, Pennsylvania), April 15, 1947. www.newspapers.com. “Jackie Robinson Plays for the Honolulu Bears.” World History Project. Accessed June 1, 2023. https://worldhistoryproject.org/1941/9/1/jackie-robinson-plays-for-the-honolulu-bears/. “Jackie Robinson.” Biography.com. Accessed June 1, 2023. https://www.biography.com/athletes/jackie-robinson. Krajicek, David J. “Burlesque Babe Dances Her Way into the Heart of a Sailor and out of Trouble When Bullet End Their Kinky Romp in Cuba.” New York Daily News, April 9, 2018. https://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/bullets-kinky-romp-sailor-dancer-article-1.2082422. “Samuel Allan Kline.” Nuclear Museum. Accessed June 2, 2023. https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/profile/samuel-allan-kline/. United Press. “Airliner Fight Brings Sixth Month Jolt.” Daily News (Los Angeles, California), April 16, 1947. www.newspapers.com. United Press. “Cloud Trouble Maker On Trial.” The Husonian-Democrat (Hugo, Oklahoma), May 8, 1947. www.newspapers.com. United Press. “Two Arrested Following Knife Battle In Airliner.” The Hanford Sentinel (Hanford, California), April 15, 1947. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music.  Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

Did you know there was once an Emperor of the United States? No? Back in the 1800s a man in San Francisco declared himself as such...and many people were okay with it. Join me for a fun look back at a forgotten part of history. _____ SOURCES “Emperor Norton: Life & Legend.” The Emperor Norton Trust. Accessed May 31, 2023. http://emperornortontrust.org/emperor/life. “Have We An Emperor Among Us?” Daily National Democrat (Marysville, California), September 20, 1859. www.newspapers.com. “Summoned.” The San Francisco Examiner (San Francisco, California), January 9, 1880. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

The history of the United States wasn't always pretty, and that was proven on June 25, 1876. On that infamous day, General George Armstrong Custer met on the battlefield with member of the Sioux and Cheyenne tribes in what would become known as Custer's Last Stand. What else was being reported in newspapers on that same day? _____ SOURCES “6 Everyday Inventions That Debuted at World's Fairs.” History.com. Accessed May 31, 2023. https://www.history.com/news/worlds-fairs-inventions. “Advertisement: Lee & Perrin's (Page 3).” The Daily Journal (Wilmington, North Carolina), June 25, 1876. www.newspapers.com. “Alexander Graham Bell.” Biography.com. Accessed May 31, 2023. https://www.biography.com/inventors/alexander-graham-bell. “Battle of the Little Bighorn - Location, Cause & Significance.” History.com. Accessed May 31, 2023. https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/battle-of-the-little-bighorn. “Harrison Mastin Carter (1849-1876).” Find a Grave. Accessed May 30, 2023. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/63260469/harrison-mastin-carter. “The News from the Frontiers -- A Centennial War.” New York Daily Herald (New York City, New York), June 25, 1876. www.newspapers.com. Osborn, Bob. “Witchcraft in Yeovil.” Yeovil's Virtual Museum. Accessed May 20, 2023. https://www.yeovilhistory.info/witchcraft.htm. “Philadelphia Letter.” Knoxville Daily Tribune (Knoxville, Tennessee), June 25, 1876. www.newspapers.com. “Seven Prisoners Escape From the Penitentiary - Four of Them Captured - Attack on the Warden.” The Deseret News (Salt Lake City, Utah), March 22, 1876. www.newspapers.com. “Warden Matthew B. Burgher.” The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP), March 9, 2018. https://www.odmp.org/officer/16521-warden-matthew-b-burgher. “What Really Happened at the Battle of the Little Bighorn?” History.com. Accessed May 31, 2023. https://www.history.com/news/little-bighorn-battle-facts-causes. “Wholesale Escape.” The Deseret News (Salt Lake City, Utah), June 28, 1876. www.newspapers.com. “Witchcraft in Somersetshire.” The Weekly Dispatch (London, England), June 25, 1876. www.newspapers.com. “‘Seven Prisoners Broke out of the Penitentiary at Salt Lake Friday...'” Columbus Sunday Enquirer (Columbus, Georgia), June 25, 1876. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

There are many iconic landmarks around the United States. Today, we're going to talk about just one of those landmarks--the Golden Gate Bridge. It first opened on May 27, 1937, with much pomp and circumstance. What other big events were being reported around the country and world at such a celebratory time? _____ SOURCES “Advertisement: Sinclair Refining Company (Page 2).” The Kingfisher Times (Kingfisher, Oklahoma), May 27, 1937. www.newspapers.com. Associated Press. “Boy Escapes From Florida Orphanage, Stows Away On Ship.” The Tampa Tribune (Tampa, Florida), May 18, 1937. www.newspapers.com. “Ax Girl On Stand Says Youth Beat Mother To Death.” The Times Union (Brooklyn, New York), May 22, 1937. www.newspapers.com. “Biography: John D. Rockefeller, Senior.” PBS. Accessed May 20, 2023. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/rockefellers-john/. “Boy Stowaway Still Here, Disposition Not Yet Determined.” St. Lucie News Times (Fort Pierce, Florida), May 27, 1937. www.newspapers.com. “Fiesta Hour by Hour.” The San Francisco Examiner (San Francisco, California), May 27, 1937. www.newspapers.com. “Girl Hacks Mother To Death As Youth Holds Down Victim.” The Bayonne Times (Bayonne, New Jersey), August 1, 1936. www.newspapers.com. “Golden Gate Bridge - Length, Facts & Height.” History.com. Accessed May 19, 2023. https://www.history.com/topics/landmarks/golden-gate-bridge. “Has Hope Of Saving Girl.” Then Sault Daily Star (Sault, Marie, Canada), April 2, 1937. www.newspapers.com. “John D. Rockefeller - Biography, Facts & Children.” History.com. Accessed May 20, 2023. https://www.history.com/topics/early-20th-century-us/john-d-rockefeller. Lussier, Germain, and Artem Golub. “Does Poker Face's Charlie Have a Kryptonite to Her Power?” Gizmodo, February 9, 2023. https://gizmodo.com/does-charlie-have-a-kryptonite-to-her-power-1850021105. “Painting the Bridge.” Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District. Accessed May 19, 2023. https://www.goldengate.org/bridge/bridge-maintenance/painting-the-bridge/#:~:text=There%20are%20a%20couple%20of,and%20a%20primary%20maintenance%20job. “Rockefeller Laid At Rest In Cleveland.” Belvidere Daily Republican (Belvidere, Illinois), May 27, 1937. www.newspapers.com. Shapiro, Ellis. “Gladys, Donald Convicted Of Second Degree Murder.” The Bayonne Times (Bayonne, New Jersey), May 27, 1937. www.newspapers.com. “Stowaway Seeks More Adventure.” St. Lucie News Tribune (Fort Pierce, Florida), May 28, 1937. www.newspapers.com. “Very Wrong, Of Course, But-- .” The Atlanta Constitution (Atlanta, Georgia), May 25, 1937. www.newspapers.com. “When a Great Bridge Came to Life.” The Oakland Tribune (Oakland, California), May 27, 1937. www.newspapers.com. SOUND  SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

Do you know where the saying "Don't take candy from a stranger" came from? You're about to find out in this mini episode about the first kidnapping for ransom in the United States and the disappearance of Charley Ross. _____ SOURCES “$300 Reward.” ThePhiladelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), July 6, 1874. www.newspapers.com. “Charley and Walter Ross: The First People Kidnapped in the U.S.” ushistory.org. Accessed May 19, 2023. https://www.ushistory.org/germantown/upper/charley.htm#:~:text=On%20July%201%2C%201874%20two,4%20and%206%20years%20old. DeVito, Brittany  A. “23 Letters: A Child Lost Forever.” Literary & Cultural Heritage Maps of PA Pennsylvania Center for the Book. Accessed May 19, 2023. https://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/literary-cultural-heritage-maps-pa. “Kidnapping of Charley Ross.” Wikipedia, April 14, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Charley_Ross. Magazine, Smithsonian. “The Story behind the First Ransom Note in American History.” Smithsonian.com, December 9, 2013. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-story-behind-the-first-ransom-note-in-american-history-180948612/. Thomas, Heather. “The Kidnapping of Little Charley Ross: Headlines and Heroes.” The Library of Congress, April 23, 2019. https://blogs.loc.gov/headlinesandheroes/2019/04/the-kidnapping-of-little-charley-ross/. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.”www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

On February 8, 1910, an organization that was quickly becoming popular in Europe started a similar organization in the United States--the Boy Scouts of America. Many boys would go on to join that organization that is still going strong today. What else was being reported on that day in history? _____ SOURCES “100 Miners Dead.” Saline County Democrat (Friend, Nebraska), February 8, 1910. www.newspapers.com. “Another Fatal Mine Disaster.” Twice-a-Week Plain Dealer (Cresco, Iowa), February 8, 1910. www.newspapers.com. “CDC - Mining Feature - Coal Mine Explosion Prevention - NIOSH.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, October 26, 2016. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/features/coalmineexplosion.html. Hildebrandt, Eleanor. “10 Surprising Things You Didn't Know about the Boy Scouts.” Popular Mechanics, February 6, 2023. https://www.popularmechanics.com/adventure/outdoors/g26145549/boy-scout-facts/. “How Swope Died.” The Topeka State Journal (Topeka, Kansas), February 8, 1910. www.newspapers.com. “Killed Wife In New York.” The Tennessean (Nashville, Tennessee), March 4, 1910. www.newspapers.com. “Lord Baden-Powell.” Order of the Arrow, BSA. Accessed May 17, 2023. https://oa-bsa.org/history/lord-baden-powell. “Murder Motive Money.” The York Dispatch (York, Pennsylvania), February 8, 1910. www.newspapers.com. “Murderer of Sophia Johansen.” Sun-Journal (Lewiston, Maine), February 28, 1910. www.newspapers.com. Preston, Dick. “Beyond the Trivia-What U.S. President Was Also an Eagle Scout?” KRCG, February 9, 2022. https://krcgtv.com/features/beyond-the-trivia/beyond-the-trivia-what-us-president-was-also-an-eagle scout#:~:text=Seven%20U.S.%20presidents%2C%20starting%20with,reached%20the%20rank%20of%20Star. Roe, Jason. “Dr. Hyde and Mr. Swope.” KC History. Accessed May 17, 2023. https://kchistory.org/week-kansas-city-history/dr-hyde-and-mr-swope. “Scouting's History.” World Organization of the Scout Movement. Accessed May 17, 2023. https://www.scout.org/who-we-are/scout-movement/scoutings-history. Thomas Andrews. Professor of History, University of Colorado. “What the Strikers Were Fighting for: History Colorado.” History Colorado, April 19, 2021. https://www.historycolorado.org/story/2021/04/19/what-strikers-were-fighting. “To Devote Time to the Boy Scouts.” The Montreal Star (Montreal, Quebec, Canada), February 8, 1910. www.newspapers.com. “Woman's Body Found Under Floor.” The Buffalo News (Buffalo, New York), February 8, 1910. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

On November 10, 1969, one of the world's most popular TV shows debuted. It might not be what you think, though. This TV show was geared toward kids--specifically preschoolers. Yes, November 10, 1969, was the day Sesame Street aired for the first time. What else was happening around the world on that day? _____ SOURCES “14-Year-Old Boy Tries Hijacking.” Effingham Daily News (Effingham, Illinois), November 10, 1969. www.newspapers.com. “Alan Bean.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, March 14, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Bean. “Apollo 12 Lightning Strike Incident.” NASA. NASA. Accessed April 18, 2023. https://history.nasa.gov/afj/ap12fj/a12 lightningstrike.html#:~:text=This%20commemorative%20article%20will%20look,electric%20power%20and%20guidance%20systems. Associated Press. “Astronaut Conrad Excited About Landing Second Spacecraft On Lunar Surface.” Corvallis Gazette-Times (Corvallis, Oregon), November 10, 1969. www.newspapers.com. Associated Press. “U. S. Lawyer in Italy to Aid Hijacker.” The Bee (Danville, Virginia), November 10, 1969. www.newspapers.com. Associated Press. “Young Hijacker Captured in Little Roman Chapel.” Hattiesburg American (Hattiesburg, Mississippi), November 1, 1969. www.newspapers.com. Hughes, Roland. “Twa85: 'The World's Longest and Most Spectacular Hijacking'.” BBC News. BBC, October 26, 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48069272. “Lunar - Missions - Apollo 12 Mission.” Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI). Accessed April 18, 2023. https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_12/. “Pete Conrad.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, April 13, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Conrad. “Richard F. Gordon Jr..” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, April 17, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_F._Gordon_Jr. Royal, Don. “'Sesame Street' New NET Series Aims to Prepare Pre-Schoolers.” Kenosha News (Kenosha, Wisconsin), November 10, 1969. www.newspapers.com. Wood, Richard. “How Disaffected Teenager Flew into History with the World's Longest Hijacking.” Accessed April 19, 2023. https://www.9news.com.au/world/worlds-longest-hijacking-carried-out-by-raffaele-minichiello-50-years-ago-aviation-news/ad78faaf-ee4e-4204-a3e3-8567e963cf09. “Would-Be Hijacker's Apology Too Late.” https://www.fox19.com, July 5, 2009. https://www.fox19.com/story/10645680/would-be-hijackers-apology-too-late/. “‘Sesame Street' Debuts.” History.com. A&E Television Networks. Accessed April 17, 2023. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/sesame-street-debuts. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music. https://bitmidi.com/sesamestreet-mid#google_vignette    

On Monday's episode I talked about the Homestead Riot, involving one of Andrew Carnegie's steel mills. Carnegie might have been a ruthless businessman, but he knew how important knowledge was. One by one he built thousands of libraries and concert halls. They dotted this country and others. Just how much did Andrew Carnegie give away? _____ SOURCES “Andrew Carnegie.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, April 18, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie. Biography.com Editors. “Andrew Carnegie.” Biography.com. A&E Networks Television. Accessed April 21, 2023. https://www.biography.com/business-leaders/andrew-carnegie. “The Carnegie Free Library.” The Glasgow Herald (Glasgow, Scotland), July 28, 1881. www.newspapers.com. “Carnegie Library.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, April 13, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_library. “Idaho Falls Public Library.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, June 21, 2021. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho_Falls_Public_Library. Stamberg, Susan. “How Andrew Carnegie Turned His Fortune into a Library Legacy.” NPR. NPR, August 1, 2013. https://www.npr.org/2013/08/01/207272849/how-andrew-carnegie-turned-his-fortune-into-a-library-legacy. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

On June 30, 1892, a huge riot broke out in Homestead, Pennsylvania. What was the riot about? And why was the richest man in the world involved? And, most importantly for THIS podcast, what else was being printed in newspapers on that same day. _____ SOURCES “1892 Homestead Strike.” AFL-CIO. Accessed April 22, 2023. https://aflcio.org/about/history/labor-history-events/1892-homestead-strike. “Advertisements: Front Page.” The Silver State (Winnemucca, Nevada), June 30, 1892. “Cream A Bad Character.” Manitoba Semi-Weekly Free Press (Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada), June 30, 1892. “The Crystal Palace.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, April 9, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Crystal_Palace. “Death In Mid-Air.” The Carlisle Sentinel (Carlisle, Pennsylvania), June 30, 1892. “Hanged For Wife-Murder.” The Appleton Crescent (Appleton, Wisconsin), February 11, 1893. Hinckley, Erik. “Holmes, Wallace W. .” Vermont Civil War, lest we forget. Accessed April 25, 2023. https://vermontcivilwar.org/get.php?input=3050. “Holmes Murder Trial.” The Meriden Daily Journal (Meriden, Connecticut), June 30, 1892. “Homestead Strike - Summary, Causes & Impact.” History.com. A&E Television Networks. Accessed April 22, 2023. https://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution/homestead-strike. “Jack the Ripper - Dr. Thomas Neill Cream.” Casebook. Accessed April 24, 2023. https://www.casebook.org/suspects/cream.html. “Pinkertons Are Coming.” The Pittsburgh Dispatch (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), June 30, 1892. “Terrible Balloon Accident.” Manchester Weekly Times and Examiner (Manchester, England), July 1, 1892. “Thomas Neill Cream.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, April 16, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Neill_Cream. “1892 Homestead Strike.” AFL-CIO. Accessed April 22, 2023. https://aflcio.org/about/history/labor-history-events/1892-homestead-strike. “Advertisements: Front Page.” The Silver State (Winnemucca, Nevada), June 30, 1892. “Cream A Bad Character.” Manitoba Semi-Weekly Free Press (Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada), June 30, 1892. “The Crystal Palace.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, April 9, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Crystal_Palace. “Death In Mid-Air.” The Carlisle Sentinel (Carlisle, Pennsylvania), June 30, 1892. “Hanged For Wife-Murder.” The Appleton Crescent (Appleton, Wisconsin), February 11, 1893. Hinckley, Erik. “Holmes, Wallace W. .” Vermont Civil War, lest we forget. Accessed April 25, 2023. https://vermontcivilwar.org/get.php?input=3050. “Holmes Murder Trial.” The Meriden Daily Journal (Meriden, Connecticut), June 30, 1892. “Homestead Strike - Summary, Causes & Impact.” History.com. A&E Television Networks. Accessed April 22, 2023. https://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution/homestead-strike. “Jack the Ripper - Dr. Thomas Neill Cream.” Casebook. Accessed April 24, 2023. https://www.casebook.org/suspects/cream.html. “Pinkertons Are Coming.” The Pittsburgh Dispatch (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), June 30, 1892. “Terrible Balloon Accident.” Manchester Weekly Times and Examiner (Manchester, England), July 1, 1892. “Thomas Neill Cream.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, April 16, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Neill_Cream. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

December 5, 1933, was a day to celebrate for some, and a day to mourn for others. It was a day that was fourteen years in the making. That day, three states voted to pass the amendment that would repeal prohibition. Alcohol was once again legal in the United States. What else was sharing headlines with the big news story of the day? _____ SOURCES “21st Amendment Is Ratified; Prohibition Ends.” History.com. A&E Television Networks. Accessed April 17, 2023. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/prohibition-ends. “Arguments Begin in Lubbock Trial.” Fort Worth Star-Telegram (Forth Worth, Texas), December 8, 1933. Associated Press. “18th Amendment Erased From Constitution.” The St. Cloud Times (St. Cloud, Minnesota), December 5, 1933. Associated Press. “Arkansas Police Sure They Had Pretty Boy Floyd.” Jefferson City Post-Tribune (Jefferson City, Missouri), December 4, 1933. Associated Press. “Autopsy Ordered In Girl's Death.” The Baltimore Sun (Baltimore, Maryland), December 5, 1933. Associated Press. “Floyd County Man Given Two Years.” Wichita Falls Times (Wichita Falls, Texas), December 10, 1933. Associated Press. “Missing Maryland Girl Is Found Dead.” St. Louis Globe-Democrat (St. Louis, Missouri), December 5, 1933. Associated Press. “Readhimer Murder Case Opens At Floydada.” Wichita Falls Record News (Wichita Falls, Texas), December 5, 1933. “Crash Reveals Trap For FLoyd.” Shawnee Evening Star (Shawnee, Oklahoma), December 5, 1933. “Ex Parte Readhimer, 123 Tex. Crim. 635, 60 S.W.2d 788 (1933).” Read caselaw. Accessed April 17, 2023. https://cite.case.law/tex-crim/123/635/. “Floydada Man Freed of Charge of Murder.” Waco Tribune-Herald (Waco, Texas), October 22, 1933. “George Armwood (b. 1911 - d. 1933).” George Armwood , MSA SC 3520-13750. Accessed April 17, 2023. https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/013700/013750/html/13750bio.html. “The Night Prohibition Ended.” History.com. A&E Television Networks. Accessed April 17, 2023. https://www.history.com/news/the-night-prohibition-ended. “Pretty Boy Floyd.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, April 17, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Boy_Floyd. Recordjlovett@swtimes.com, John LovettTimes. “'Pretty Boy' Floyd Family Couldn't Turn Bonnie and Clyde Away.” Southwest Times Record. Fort Smith Times Record, January 2, 2019. https://www.swtimes.com/story/lifestyle/2018/12/30/pretty-boy-floyd-family/6406629007/. Speer, Bonnie. “Some Dents in Killer's Legend.” The Oklahoman. Oklahoman, May 30, 1982. https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/1982/05/30/some-dents-in-killers-legend/62883131007/. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

For hundreds of years, newspaper columnists have been sharing advice with those who send in letters with important questions. What do you know about the most famous advice columnists in the United States? Who are the women behind the pseudonyms? _____ SOURCES “Advice Column.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, March 28, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advice_column. “Ask Ann Landers.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, February 26, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ask_Ann_Landers. Associated Press. “Dorothy Dix, Who Gave Advice To Perplexed Thousands.” The Evening Star (Washington D. C. ), December 17, 1951. “Dear Abby.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, April 8, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dear_Abby. Dix, Dorothy. “Dorothy Dix Speaks.” The Times-Picayune (Louisiana), January 12, 1896. “Dorothy Dix (1861-1951) .” Find a Grave. Accessed April 11, 2023. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6420490/dorothy-dix?_gl=1%2A1wgv30n%2A_ga%2AMjU5ODM1OTY3LjE2NjA2ODM1MzM.%2A_ga_4QT8FMEX30%2ANTExZDgxN2ItZTE4Yy00ODVlLWE3MzItNDI3YWU4ODllMzM5LjM2LjEuMTY4MTIzMDIyNS40OC4wLjA. “Dorothy Dix.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, March 2, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Dix. “Eppie Lederer.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, March 5, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eppie_Lederer. “Judith Martin.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, April 8, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Martin. Morehead, Albert H. “Dorothy Dix Is Real Woman, Although That Is Not Her Name.” The Kingston Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ontario, Canada), December 14, 1944. “Pauline Phillips.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, April 10, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Phillips. Van Buren, Abigail. “Dear Abby.” The News-Messenger (Fremont, Ohio), October 22, 1962. Written by Mimi Montgomery | Published on July 22, 2020. “Miss Manners Has Some Tips for You on Zoom Etiquette.” Washingtonian, July 22, 2020. https://www.washingtonian.com/2020/07/22/miss-manners-judith-martin-covid-19-etiquette/. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

On September 4, 1951, the first ever transcontinental television broadcast was made. People tuned in from around the country and world to listen to an important speech from President Harry S. Truman. What was the subject of his speech? What else was being reported in newspapers on the same day? _____ SOURCES “1950 United States Federal Census (Grigsby/Grisby Family).” Ancestry.com. Accessed April 10, 2023. https://www.ancestry.com. “2 Children Kidnaped (Sic) by Deranged Neighbor; Lives Feared in Danger.” The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), September 2, 1951. “Advertisement: A. C. Miller Polio Insurance (Page 3).” The Wagoner Tribune (Wagoner, Oklahoma), September 4, 1951. Associated Press. “Cast-off Proofs Now Worth $10,000.” The Staunton News-Leader (Staunton, Virginia), September 4, 1951. Associated Press. “Louis Adamic Shot to Death, Body Found in Burned House.” The Evening Star (Washington D. C. ), September 4, 1951. Fox, Joseph A. “Truman to Call on Free World to Back Treaty.” The Evening Star (Washington D. C.), September 4, 1951. “Jude Releases Kidnaper (Sic) 'Only Technically' Guilty.” Chester Times (Chester, Pennsylvania), November 30, 1951. “Kidnap Suspect Who Took Two Neighboring Children Out of State Held Without Bail.” The Chester Times (Chester, Pennsylvania), September 12, 1951. “Kidnaped Children, Suspect Enroute Home (Sic).” The Chester Times (Chester, Pennsylvania), September 4, 1951. “'Kidnaper' (Sic) of 2 Children Sent to Mental Hospital.” The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), October 2, 1951. “Lewis Carroll - Books, Quotes & Poems - Biography.” Accessed April 10, 2023. https://www.biography.com/authors-writers/lewis-carroll. “List of Most Watched Television Broadcasts in the United States.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, March 22, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_watched_television_broadcasts_in_the_United_States. “Louis Adamic.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, March 14, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Adamic. “Madera Tribune, Volume 60, Number 131, 5 September 1951.” Madera Tribune 5 September 1951 - California Digital Newspaper Collection. Accessed April 10, 2023. https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=MT19510905.2.72&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------. “No Defense Offered in Kidnap Case.” The Chester Times (Chester, Pennsylvania), October 1, 1951. “President Truman Makes First Transcontinental Television Broadcast.” History.com. A&E Television Networks. Accessed April 10, 2023. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/president-truman-makes-first-transcontinental-television-broadcast. “President Truman Makes the First Transcontinental Television Broadcast.” President Truman Makes the First Transcontinental Television Broadcast : History of Information. Accessed April 10, 2023. https://historyofinformation.com/detail.php?entryid=4672. United Press. “Writer Found Shot to Death, Circled By Fire.” The Wichita Beacon (Wichita, Kansas), September 4, 1951. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.  

Today in Boston, the world-famous Boston Marathon is being run. What do you know about the FIRST Boston Marathon back in 1897? What else was being reported in newspapers on that exact same day? _____ SOURCES “Advertisement: The Elixir of Life (Page 4) .” The Emporia Gazette (Emporia, Kansas), April 19, 1897. “B. A. A. Road Race (Page 5).” The Boston Globe (Boston, Massachusetts), April 19, 1897. “Boston Marathon Bombing - Victims, Suspects & Facts.” History.com. A&E Television Networks. Accessed April 7, 2023. https://www.history.com/topics/21st-century/boston-marathon-bombings. “A Contract with the Devil.” Murder by Gaslight. Accessed April 7, 2023. http://www.murderbygaslight.com/2013/02/a-contract-with-devil.html. “Gen. Grant's Body Removed.” The Daily Pantagraph (Bloomington, Illinois), December 19, 1897. “Grant's Resting Place.” National Parks Service. U.S. Department of the Interior. Accessed April 7, 2023. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/grant-s-resting-place.htm#:~:text=On%20July%2023%2C%201885%2C%20President,could%20not%20be%20buried%20there. Hevesi, Dennis. “No One in Grant's Tomb Unless It's Fixed, Family Warns.” The New York Times. The New York Times, October 16, 1994. https://www.nytimes.com/1994/10/16/nyregion/no-one-in-grant-s-tomb-unless-it-s-fixed-family-warns.html#:~:text=The%20answer%20to%20Groucho%20Marx's,great%20grandson%20of%20Ulysses%20S. “History of the Boston Marathon.” History | Boston Athletic Association. Accessed April 7, 2023. https://www.baa.org/races/boston-marathon/history. “Is the Suicide Ernest Markham.” Buffalo Courier (Buffalo, New York), April 19, 1897. Kotecha, Tejas. “Kathrine Switzer: First Woman to Officially Run Boston Marathon on the Iconic Moment She Was Attacked by the Race Organiser.” Sky Sports. Sky Sports. Accessed April 7, 2023. https://www.skysports.com/more-sports/athletics/news/29175/12475824/kathrine-switzer-first-woman-to-officially-run-boston-marathon-on-the-iconic-moment-she-was-attacked-by-the-race-organiser#:~:text=Switzer%20did%20finish%20the%20race,for%20the%20girl%20to%20finish. “A Man Hunt.” Daily Kennebec Journal (Augusta, Maine), April 19, 1897. “Markham Committed Suicide.” Fall River Daily Evening News (Fall River, Massachusetts), April 20, 1897. “May Be A Boston Man and Markham Missing Since Friday.” The Boston Globe (Boston, Massachusetts), April 19, 1897. “Who's Buried in Grant's Tomb?” Coldwell Banker Warburg, December 2, 2016. https://cbwarburg.com/nabes/whos-buried-in-grants-tomb/. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.  

Back in the 1920s it seemed that everyone sought adventure, and attempting to stowaway on ships was a popular trend. In today's mini episode, I'll tell you about a determined teenager who made it all the way to Antarctica by doing this. _____ SOURCES “City of New York (1885 Ship).” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, March 6, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_New_York_(1885_ship). “Cpt William G Gawronski (1910-1981).” Find a Grave. Accessed April 6, 2023. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/173822280/william-g-gawronski. “Fumigation Kills 7 Stowaways In Hold of Steamer.” The Brooklyn Times Union (Brooklyn, New York), August 24, 1928. www.newspapers.com. Potenza, Alessandra. “How a Teenage Stowaway Made It to Antarctica 90 Years Ago.” The Verge, March 4, 2018. https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/4/17068772/billy-gawronski-the-stowaway-richard-byrd-antarctica-expedition-laurie-gwen-shapiro-book. “Richard E. Byrd.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, March 25, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd. Shapiro, Laurie Gwen. The Stowaway: A Young Man's Extraordinary Adventure to Antarctica. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2018. Shapiro, Laurie Gwen. “The Tale of the Stowaway Who Traded Antarctic Adventures for a Columbia Classroom.” Columbia Magazine. Accessed April 6, 2023. https://magazine.columbia.edu/article/tale-stowaway-who-traded-antarctic-adventures-columbia-classroom. Worrall, Simon. “Meet the Stowaway on Richard Byrd's Antarctic Expedition.” Adventure. National Geographic, May 3, 2021. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/article/stowaway-byrd-antarctica-billy-gawronski-laurie-gwen-shapiro. “Youthful Stowaway Wins Place In Byrd's Antarctic Expedition.” The Baltimore Sun (Baltimore, MD), September 25, 1928. www.newspapers.com. SOUND SOURCES Al Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music. Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music. Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.