Podcasts about Debian

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. This series is dedicated to exploring little-known—and occasionally useful—trinkets lurking in the dusty corners of UNIX-like operating systems. The echo command is very useful—it prints the arguments given to it, followed by a newline character. (The newline is sometimes also called a linefeed character depending on who is writing or speaking, and has the ASCII decimal value 10.) It has many uses, either in a script or interactively on the command line. The echo utility is used to display text, the value of a variable, or the result of a pathname expansion. It can also feed text to another command in a pipeline. As useful as echo is, it should come as no surprise that it first appeared early on in Bell Laboratories' Second Edition UNIX 1 in 1972. This initial version accepted no options 2 —although the manual page doesn't explicitly say output is followed by a newline character, the description of writing "as a line" seems to imply it. In Seventh Edition UNIX, the manual page 3 makes that clear, and also features the addition of the -n option, which causes echo to print the arguments without a trailing newline character. Eighth Edition UNIX's echo 4 gained the -e option, which allows certain escape codes from the C programming language to be used. These variations caused differences in behavior between different versions of echo . Will running echo -n something on your system output the text "something" without a newline, or "-n something" followed by a newline? Things get even trickier when the command arguments include parameter or pathname expansions. If there are files named "-n" and "something" in the current directory, what does echo * output? Like the previous question, that depends on whether or not your version of echo treats -n as an option. You can't get around this ambiguity by quoting or escaping the "*", because that just causes echo to print a literal asterisk. Example using GNU utilities on Debian 12; both the "echo" utility and the "echo" builtin of bash recognize "-n" as an option. $ ls -1 -n something $ echo * something$ #Shell prompt is on the same line because "-n" was treated as an option to echo $ echo "*" * The solution was to create a new utility, which is the first UNIX Curio for today: printf . This command allows a user to print text similar to the way the identically-named function works in the C programming language. You run printf 5 followed by a format string, followed by zero or more arguments. No newline characters are printed unless specifically indicated by the format string or the arguments. To use printf to print "something" without a newline, that would just be printf something . This demonstrates that you don't need any arguments—in this example, the format string is just a set of regular characters to be displayed. If you wanted a newline character at the end, printf "somethingn" would give you that. (In this case, the format string needs to be quoted so the "n" isn't interpreted by the shell.) In addition to "n" for a newline, you can also use "a" for an alert (rings the terminal bell), "b" for a backspace, "f" for a formfeed, "r" for a carriage return, "t" for a horizontal tab, "v" for a vertical tab, and "" to get a literal backslash. In addition to these special characters, any arbitrary byte can be included using a backslash followed by one to three octal digits; however, it might be difficult to predict what will be output because it can differ based on the character set the terminal is using. It is safer and more portable to stick to the pre-defined characters if possible. The real magic of the printf utility comes from using "conversion specifications" in the format string. Probably the simplest of these to explain is the "%s" conversion specification—it represents a string of any length. The command printf "Hi, %s, how are you?n" followed by a list of names would print the greeting for each name, putting it in the place occupied by the "%s". $ printf "Hi, %s, how are you?n" Alice Bob Carol Hi, Alice, how are you? Hi, Bob, how are you? Hi, Carol, how are you? The format string is reused as many times as needed to consume all of the arguments. Take, for example, the command printf "Hi, %s, have you met %s?n" . If this is run with two name arguments, it would print the sentence on one line, using both names. If run with four name arguments, it would print the sentence twice, once with the first two names and again with the second two names. If you only gave it three names, the last "%s" conversion specification would be replaced with a null string. $ printf "Hi, %s, have you met %s?n" Alice Bob Hi, Alice, have you met Bob? $ printf "Hi, %s, have you met %s?n" Alice Bob Carol David Hi, Alice, have you met Bob? Hi, Carol, have you met David? $ printf "Hi, %s, have you met %s?n" Alice Bob Carol Hi, Alice, have you met Bob? Hi, Carol, have you met ? Three other items can also be given in each conversion specification: flags, the field width, and the precision. The exact meanings of these depend on which type of conversion specifier character you are using. For "%s", using a "-" as the flag causes the text to be left-justified instead of the default right-justified, a field width causes the printed field to be at least as long as the number given, and a precision limits the number of bytes written from the string to the number given. $ #Example of %s with a precision value $ printf "Hi, %.3s, how are you?n" Alice Bob Carol Hi, Ali, how are you? Hi, Bob, how are you? Hi, Car, how are you? $ #Example of %s with a field width $ printf "Hi, %8s, how are you?n" Alice Bob Carol Hi, Alice, how are you? Hi, Bob, how are you? Hi, Carol, how are you? $ #Example of %s with a left-justify flag and a field width $ printf "Hi, %-8s, how are you?n" Alice Bob Carol Hi, Alice , how are you? Hi, Bob , how are you? Hi, Carol , how are you? $ #Example of %s with a left-justify flag, a field width, and a precision $ printf "Hi, %-8.3s, how are you?n" Alice Bob Carol Hi, Ali , how are you? Hi, Bob , how are you? Hi, Car , how are you? While "%s" is probably the most commonly-used conversion specification, others are available. A whole set of them are dedicated to printing integer values as a signed decimal, an unsigned decimal, an unsigned octal, or an unsigned hexadecimal number. These also can take flags, a field width, and a precision. I think the details and nuances of all this are too complex to clearly explain here, so I will just refer you to the POSIX "file format notation" specification 6 . Be aware that unlike the printf function in the C programming language, the printf utility is not obligated to accept conversion specifications for floating-point numbers. While some implementations might support this, scripts intended to be portable should limit themselves to the restricted set required by the POSIX standard (%d, %i, %o, %u, %x, %X, %c, and %s, plus %b and %% described below). Two more conversion specifications are worth mentioning. The first is only required by the standard for the printf utility, not the C function, and is "%b". This is the same as "%s", except that certain backslash escape sequences in the argument will be treated specially. This includes all the ones described above except for the one using octal digits to represent a byte. In an argument, this is instead represented by "" followed by one to three octal digits. An additional backslash escape sequence accepted is "c"—this does not print anything itself, but causes printf to immediately halt output. The final conversion specification is "%%", which just outputs a literal "%". You can't use a bare "%" in the format string, because printf expects that to introduce a conversion specification. Be careful not to be tripped up by this when trying to print some value as a percentage. Example assuming that the hypothetical "/dev/batterycharge" file on your laptop outputs the battery charge level (42% in this case). As you can see, in some cases an error message might be displayed, but in others it might just behave in a way you didn't intend without complaining. GNU's "printf" utility and the "printf" builtin of bash both support "%e" as a conversion specification as an extension to POSIX. $ cat /dev/batterycharge 42 $ #Wrong $ printf "Your laptop's charge level is $(cat /dev/batterycharge)%.n" bash: printf: `': invalid format character Your laptop's charge level is 42$ #Shell prompt appears here from the error $ #Right $ printf "Your laptop's charge level is $(cat /dev/batterycharge)%%.n" Your laptop's charge level is 42%. $ #Next one treats %e as the specifier, with the space and "l" as flags $ printf "Your laptop has $(cat /dev/batterycharge)% level of charge.n" Your laptop has 42 0.000000e+00vel of charge. $ #Because no arguments were given, "0" was used for the value to convert Let's go back to the situation I was describing with echo —we have files named "-n" and "something" in the current directory and want to print all their names, separated by spaces. We could do that with printf "%s " * , which would not treat the "-n" as an option. However, the output might look a little weird because there wouldn't be a newline character at the end. We could insert a newline by using "%b" instead of "%s" and following the asterisk with a "nc" as the second argument. The "c" is there to prevent the final space in the format string from being printed after the newline. $ ls -1 -n something $ printf "%s " * -n something $ #No newline was printed here $ printf "%b " * "n" -n something $ #There's a newline, but also a spurious space before the shell prompt $ printf "%b " * "nc" -n something $ #No space before the shell prompt this time Using the "%b" conversion specification can therefore solve one problem, but it also introduces another. Arguments which include a backslash can be interpreted as escape sequences, and many systems are fine with allowing backslashes in filenames. In cases where you're just using the printf utility to display text, it's usually not a big deal if the output looks a little wonky. Where you really need to be careful is when the text is being piped to another program, as control characters and other oddities might cause unexpected results, and can potentially create security problems if processed by a script or utility running as a privileged user. $ #GNU "ls" displays filenames containing a backslash in single quotes $ ls -1 apple banana 'cherry' durian $ printf "%b " * "nc" apple banana $ #"c" in "cherry" stops output immediately The printf utility looks to have shown up first in 1986's Ninth Edition UNIX 7 , though the earliest manual page I could find 8 is from the Tenth Edition. Its first appearance in BSD seems to be from 1990 in the 4.3 Reno release 9 . Two years later, it was added to Issue 4 of The Open Group's CAE Specification. From what I can tell, it did not seem to be in AT&T's System III—presumably the printf utility did make it into System V at some point but I found it difficult to track this down. While echo is still suitable for use where you know for certain that you want a newline character printed at the end and none of the arguments will start with a hyphen, consider using the printf utility instead for displaying text. It offers more flexibility and features than you are guaranteed to get with echo , although it does require a bit of forethought in constructing a proper format string and arguments. That is not necessarily a bad thing, because a script's author should be thinking about what might happen if it is called with "strange" text or filenames. This episode also provides a good case for being careful when naming files—many filesystems will allow you to use hyphens, control characters, quotation marks, and potentially any character other than a slash or a null byte in a filename. As we've seen, some of these characters can create problems for standard utilities. While it can feel limiting, especially for people not using English, the safest filenames to use on a UNIX-like system consist only of characters in the "portable filename character set" as defined by POSIX 10 and where the first character is not a hyphen. This set includes the lowercase and uppercase letters "a" through "z", the numerals "0" through "9", and the period, underscore, and hyphen. Notably, it does not include the space character. That leads me to another UNIX Curio that I only just now discovered while researching this episode. This is the pathchk utility 11 . It can be run with one or more strings as arguments, checks each one against a set of rules for pathnames, and outputs an error message for each problem found. By default, it checks against the following limits on the system where it's being run: maximum number of bytes in the full path, maximum number of bytes in any component of the path, all byte sequences must be valid in the given directory, and the user running the program must have access to all directories referenced. If run with the -p option, instead of those limits, it checks against POSIX limits: a maximum of 256 bytes in the full path, a maximum of 14 bytes in each component of the path, and each component must only include characters from the portable set. The -P option adds warnings if any component starts with a "-" or if the pathname is completely empty. While the exit status will tell you if the checks succeeded or not, I don't feel like the pathchk utility is well suited to be used in an automated fashion, as the exact wording of its output is not specified and checks cannot be selected individually. However, it can be used interactively to validate pathnames you aren't sure about. See the linked specification for full details. References: A Research UNIX Reader: Combined Tables of Contents https://archive.org/details/a_research_unix_reader/page/n99/mode/1up A Research UNIX Reader: Second Edition UNIX echo manual page (although this page has "v1" typed at the top, the date and the tables of contents indicate it first appeared in v2, a.k.a. Second Edition) https://archive.org/details/a_research_unix_reader/page/n22/mode/1up Seventh Edition UNIX echo manual page https://man.cat-v.org/unix_7th/1/echo Eighth Edition UNIX echo manual page https://man.cat-v.org/unix_8th/1/echo Printf specification https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/printf.html File Format Notation specification https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap05.html A Research UNIX Reader: Ninth Edition Table of Contents https://archive.org/details/a_research_unix_reader/page/n95/mode/1up Tenth Edition UNIX echo/printf manual page https://man.cat-v.org/unix_10th/1/echo 4.3BSD Reno printf manual page https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=printf&sektion=1&manpath=4.3BSD+Reno Definitions: Portable Filename Character Set https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap03.html#tag_03_282 Pathchk specification https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/pathchk.html Provide feedback on this episode.

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. T-DOSE TDOSE 2027 Mark you calendars #TDOSE 2027 on 5 and 6 June '27 in the Weeffabriek, Geldrop. T-DOSE Info Booth Hackalot Laptop Revive Free Software Foundation Europe Doeidag and Banray Debian Angry Nerds Podcast Freie Software Freunde - Free Your Model Train Hacker Public Radio: The community Podcast UBports Adfinis Credits The Technical Dutch Open Source Event (T-DOSE) In hpr4641 :: Technical Dutch Open Source Event (T-DOSE) , Ken interviewed Peter van Ginneken about the T-DOSE conference. The Technical Dutch Open Source Event (T-DOSE) is a free conference to promote the use and development of Open Source software. This event has is organised yearly since 2006 in the Brainport region, near Eindhoven, The Netherlands. During this event, Open Source projects, developers and visitors can exchange ideas and knowledge. Peter van Ginneken Opens the Event. We catch up with him at the start of Day 2. Info Booth The backbone of any event is the Info booth and catering. Here we talk to Nick Hibma who when not serving on the Info Booth is treasurer of the T-DOSE organisation. Ready to serve sandwitches, sell T-Shirts, Magic Mugs, and club-mate T-Shirts club-mate Magic Mugs Hackalot Hackalot is the Eindhoven and surrounding area hackerspace. A hackerspace is a place where hackers can work on their own or collaborative projects. You can work and talk together, but you can also do your own thing. Together we can also purchase a lot of cooler tools such as lasercutters and 3d printers. Often there is no suitable place for equipment at home. So if you know someone, you are either an electronics/computer/technical hobby that got out of hand, come on by! Boekenwuurm at the Hackalot stand. The Hackalot stand. Boekenwuurm@hsnl.social boekenwuurm.nl Hackalot Laptop Revive Laptop Revive collects discarded laptops, that are still working. We then install Linux Mint to provide a working laptops to students who cannot afford laptops. We are socially involved, sustainable and open. Alex Kok Laptop Revive Laptop Revive Free Software Foundation Europe Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE) information booth, with information material, stickers and merchandise. Nico was so busy that we were unable to snag an interview this time. However check out our talk with him at the NLUUG Spring Conference 2026 . Free Software Foundation Europe Doeidag and Banray We also interviewed Geert-Jan Meewisse in hpr4639 :: NLUUG Spring Conference 2026 but this time he is here talking about banray.eu In 2025, Meta sold over seven million pairs of camera-equipped glasses that look like regular Ray-Bans. The person wearing them looks like anyone else. But these people are now products, as is everyone they interact with. He then also mentioned the Doeidag project where they encourage people to drop one service at a time on the first Sunday of the month https://doeidag.nl/ https://banray.eu/ Geert-Jan Meewisse Doeidag and Banray Debian The Debian Project is an association of Free Software developers who volunteer their time and effort in order to produce the completely free operating system Debian. Ken Talks to Joost van Baal Llić from the Debian Project Debian Angry Nerds Podcast Angry Nerds, met extra cyber! The Angry Nerds is a Dutch Language podcast about privacy and security It's a live show that is topical and often humorous tech podcast where a group of enthusiastic nerds discusses current technology, IT and cybersecurity topics. The hosts combine technical depth with background conversations, humor and the occasionally a good dose of cynicism. Expect conversations about everything from network infrastructures to software development, from privacy issues to bizarre tech trends. Ken on the Angry Nerds Podcast You can listen to the recording at Angry Nerds op T-DOSE 2026 deel 2 (prikkelarme versie). Angry Nerds Podcast Freie Software Freunde - Free Your Model Train We are a non-profit organization. We are committed to Free Software and Open Standards. Software is not just technology, it's an important part of our daily life. We want to raise awareness of the importance of Free Software and Open Standards. That is why we are concerned with topics outside of technology: politics, education, ethics, psychology, ecology and economics, licenses, ... One of our projects is "Free your model train". Our goal is to raise awareness of the benefits of open standards. Birgit Hücking (@akkolady) standing at the freie-software.org The freie-software.org table with two large train loops, a smaller internal one. Two knitted Tux Mascots. And a lot of information. Close up of the two knitted Tux Mascot. @akkolady@chaos.social @FreieSoftwareFreunde@mastodon.social Freie Software Freunde Free Your Model Train https://fymt.de Hacker Public Radio: The community Podcast Hacker Public Radio is a technology focused podcast that releases shows every weekday Monday to Friday. Our shows are created by people like you, and can be on any topic that is of interest to hackers, hobbyists, makers, etc. We are a welcoming community that offers positive feedback and encourages respectful debate. This is our 21st year of operation, and we will release our 5,000th show in August. Everything we do is released under a Free Culture License. We do not vet, edit, moderate or in any way censor any of the audio you submit, we trust you to do that. We will be available to guide you in sharing your knowledge with the community. Having had a stand at FOSDEM (BE), OggCamp(UK), Linux Fest North West(US), Spectrum (FR), we are available to show you how easy podcasting can be. We will be answering your questions, and conducting interviews with anyone with anything interesting to say. The HPR booth. Hacker Public Radio UBports We are developing an open source Linux mobile OS built to be your daily driver... ...and we'd like to welcome you to our community. Next up is a chat with Sander Klootwijk about UBports and Ubuntu Touch. Their website has a list of supported devices . We talk with Sander Klootwijk Proof it's running on actual hardware Yumi The UBports Installer Mascot was not available for comment. Ubuntu Touch on a Fairphone @BallonQuartier@mastodon.nl UBports https://devices.ubuntu-touch.io/ Adfinis Accelerate your business with open source-driven automation, security, cloud, and DevSecOps solutions from Adfinis, your end-to-end partner for robust, flexible IT that drives growth and innovation at any scale. Welcome to Our World Full of Open Source At Adfinis, we believe in the transformative power of open source technology to foster innovation, transparency, and collaboration. We are committed to providing solutions free from vendor lock-in, ensuring our clients retain full control and flexibility over their systems. Digital sustainability lies at the heart of our approach, as we strive to create technologies that not only serve the present but also support a long-term, environmentally responsible future. Additionally, we champion digital sovereignty, empowering organizations and communities to own and control their data, infrastructure, and technological destiny. These principles drive us to build a more open, sustainable, and inclusive digital world. Finally we chat to Coen hamers , Robert de Bock , and Annebelle van Waardenburg from Adfinis whose sponsorship made the event possible. https://www.adfinis.com/en/solutions https://www.adfinis.com/en/career Credits Record Needle Rip Free Software Song Provide feedback on this episode.

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. 01 Introduction This is a follow up to my 4 part series on simple podcasting. In this episode I will discuss a number of experiments with audio filtering. These experiments were inspired by comments by listeners and by other discussions about audio on HPR. I am not an audio expert, so I am doing this partly in order to learn something, but mainly in order to have a bit of fun. I hope that you find this entertaining as well. In a comment on the first episode a listener mentioned something called Solocast and said that the method bore a resemblance to the method that I was using. Here is his comment -------------------- 02 Comment #3 posted on 2026-04-03 07:49:58 by Reto It reminds me about Solocast Hi Whiskeyjack, I really liked your podcast and the topic. I cannot remember about your last, but the sound quality of this one was good on my mobile speakers :) The concept reminded me about the program from Norrist (another host on HPR), while similar does it have some differences HPR 3496 https://hackerpublicradio.org/eps.php?id=3496 As I am not on the future feed, I look forward to your next episode. Cheers, Reto -------------------- 03 End of comment. I did not recall having heard the episode on Solocast, but this sounded very interesting. Solocast was in HPR episode 3496 and was released by norrist on the 27th of December 2021. I listened to that episode and does indeed use use the same basic concept of recording short segments of audio and combining them later instead of creating one big recording and editing it with an audio editor. 04 The main difference is that the work flow that I described involves a lot of manual steps, while Solocast is a short Python program that automates the entire process of presenting your script, recording the segments, combining the segments, and filtering and normalizing the result. I won't try to describe Solocast in detail, instead I would recommend just listening to HPR episode 3496 to get norrist's explanation directly. -------------------- 05 While I wanted to make sure that I credited norrist with having come up with this concept four years before I did, this won't be the focus of this episode. Instead I will talk about audio filtering and various experiments that I ran on several different methods. 06 While looking at the source code for Solocast I noticed that it used a filtering method that resembled one used by Jivetalk, a podcast production program that caught the attention of one of the HPR community news presenters. This method involves taking a sample of quiet audio where there is no speaking taking place, and then using this as input to a noise reduction filter which is applied to the voice recording. The filter subtracts the quiet sample from the voice audio, which should theoretically remove the ambient noise. 07 I decided to apply this method to a number of different audio test recordings which were recorded under different circumstances using different hardware. In this way I could see if the method worked equally well under all circumstances or if there were some sorts of noise which it was suited to and some sorts that were not. 08 While I was at it, I also picked several other filter methods to see how they worked as well. Potentially, some methods may be better under some conditions while other methods were better suited to others. -------------------- 09 I won't present all of my experiments, as that would be a bit dull to listen to. Instead I will describe each method and then present audio samples which illustrate my conclusions. There are two pieces of audio software involved, both of which were also used in my series on simple podcasting. 10 The first is Sox, spelled s o x , and which is short for Sound Exchange. Sox is a command line program for audio manipulation. Sox is Free Software, released under the GPLv2 or later. The other is FFMPEG, which is also a command line program. FFMPEG is also Free Software, released under the LGPL V 2.1 or later, and GPL v 2 or later. Sox actually uses FFMPEG for certain operations. -------------------- 11 Audio Hardware For recording hardware I used the following. 12 Maxwell Headset The first is a cheap Maxwell headset that has an electrical noise problem. Unfortunately I don't have a model number for this headset. I described this hardware, the noise problems that I had with it, and how I created filters to deal with the noise in my series on simple podcasting. Briefly though, this is a headset that has a build in microphone on a boom which allows the microphone to be positioned close to the mouth. It connects with a USB cable. 13 Borne Earpiece and In-line Microphone This is a set of earplugs that go in your ears and connected by wires and a very small microphone built into a small bulge in the cable. It connects using a 3.5mm jack. The model number seems to be BUD250-BL. 14 XTrike Headset This is a gaming headset similar to the Maxwell headset described above. The model number is GH-510 It uses a USB connection. 15 Yanmai Condenser Microphone This is a microphone that comes with a small tripod stand. The model number is SF-910 It uses a 3.5mm audio jack. -------------------- 16 This is not a review of the hardware. Rather, I was trying to create audio problems so that I could test ways to fix them. Therefore, do not take the above list as a recommendation of what to buy. However, you can see that I am not using any expensive audio hardware. If you want to make an HPR podcast, you do not need professional level hardware. -------------------- 17 Audio Samples The audio samples are as follows 18 Quiet This was recorded in a quiet environment at my desk. This is my normal podcasting environment and represents optimal conditions. The main reason for this method is to see how the various filter methods perform when dealing with the electrical noise from the Maxwell headset. 19 Small fan This is a small USB powered table fan approximately 10 cm in diameter. It was located roughly 40 cm or less to the left of the microphone, although this varies depending on the microphone. 20 Traffic This was along a busy street with traffic noise in the background. -------------------- 21 Filter Methods Sox noisered Filter with Audio Profile This method uses the Sox noisered filter. Here is a brief quote from the Sox documentation on this filter. Quote Reduce noise in the audio signal by profiling and filtering. This effect is moderately effective at removing consistent background noise such as hiss or hum. To use it, first run SoX with the noiseprof effect on a section of audio that ideally would contain silence but in fact contains noise - such sections are typically found at the beginning or the end of a recording. End of quote For these tests I recorded a separate noise profile to go with each test. -------------------- 22 Basic Manual Filter This is a basic high and low pass filter pair based on the work I had done in my previous series on simple podcasting. However, based on the tests that I have done for this episode, I decided to get a bit more aggressive in terms of filtering. I use a high pass filter of 120 Hz, and low pass filter of 8 kHz. The each filter is then applied twice to increase its effect. I also added band reject filters to deal specifically with 50 and 60 Hz line noise. -------------------- 23 Complex Manual Filter This uses the manually constructed filter described in my series on simple podcasting. This uses the basic manual filter plus a series of custom bandreject filters to fix specific noise problems with the Maxwell headset. -------------------- 24 FFMPEG afftdn Filter The documentation describes this as "Denoise audio samples with FFT." -------------------- 25 FFMPEG arnndn Filter The documentation describes this as "Reduce noise from speech using Recurrent Neural Networks." -------------------- 26 FFMPEG agate Filter I will pronounce this as "agate" for convenience. The documentation describes this as "A gate is mainly used to reduce lower parts of a signal. This kind of signal processing reduces disturbing noise between useful signals." -------------------- 27 Method The experimental method used was to take each noise sample and apply the different filter methods to it. Where there are parameters which can be adjusted, a script was used to generate a series of different sample files with different parameter values. Not all possible parameters were experimented with, as the goal is to see which method produces what sorts of results under different circumstances, not to get the best possible result for the samples that I happen to have. The method in each case was as follows 28 Step 1 Convert the audio file to FLAC if it is not already in that format. 29 Step 2 Apply a basic high and low pass filter described previously to each sample. The reason for this basic filtering is that it eliminates at least some undesired noise in a fairly fool proof manner, leaving less for the more advanced filter to deal with. This should allow for a better test of the filter under realistic conditions. 30 Step 3 Apply the noise reduction filter being tested. 31 Step 4 Normalize the filtered sample to 17 LUFS according to the EBU R128 standard. The EBU standard is described in my series on simple podcasting. Normalizing adjusts the audio signal to a desired loudness level. This allows for more more consistent sound levels and allows us to hear the results under realistic conditions. I normalize the audio individually for each sample as different recording hardware requires different amounts of loudness adjustment. This is different from the typical podcast process where normalizing takes place as the very last step in the process, but it was necessary in this case. 32 Step 5 Concatenate selected sample audio files to one another to allow for better review and comparing. -------------------- 33 Results The results are grouped according to the type of noise which is being mitigated. This allows for easier comparison of the effectiveness of each technique under different circumstances. I have only picked a few examples of interest out of the numerous experiments that I conducted. -------------------- 34 Quiet Recording Environment with Maxwell Headset This compares how well the various filtering methods work on the noise induced by the electronics in the Maxwell headset. This electronic noise consisted of a noise spike every 1 kHz. This should be representative of electronic noise caused by problems in recording hardware. 35 Manual Filter The manual filter applied a narrow band reject filter every 1 kHz from 1 kHz to 12 kHz. This completely removed the otherwise audible whine caused by the noise. 36 FFMPEG afftdn This method allows for setting a noise floor and then specifying how much the noise floor should be reduced by. The method is very sensitive to getting the noise floor correct for that recording. Set the floor too low and nothing happens. Set it too high, and some distortion results. However it seemed to be moderately effective, but it would seem to require checking it and possibly adjusting it each time it is used. 37 FFMPEG agate This method allows setting a noise floor and then suppressing all sound which falls below that level. This method is very sensitive to getting the noise floor correct for that recording. If set too low (or quiet), it is ineffective. If set too high (or loud), it distorts words which come after a pause, which would typically be between sentences. 38 When set correctly, it completely removes noise in the silences between sentences. However, the noise is still audible during speech. This is because the noise in this case is a higher frequency than normal speech, and so stands out more. It may not be a significant problem for noise which is closer to the main vocal frequency band. Overall, this method is not suitable for this particular problem. 39 FFMPEG arnndn This method used the standard model. A variety of different noise reduction models are available. I only tested it with one, std.rnnn It does not seem to introduce much distortion in the voice signal even with a high amount of mix parameter. 40 However, it is only slightly effective at removing the whine from the signal, even with a high amount of mix parameter. Overall, this method does not appear to be useful for this sort of noise problem. 41 Sox noisered Filter This was effective in removing noise between words, but noise can be heard while words are being spoken. It was better than agate however. 42 Overall Conclusion for the Maxwell Headset Noise When dealing with narrow noise bands that occur at known frequencies, the manual filter is leagues ahead of any of the other tested alternatives. 43 Sample Audio Here is a sample audio recording showing the best overall results The sample is repeated, first with only basic low and high pass filtering, and then with the manually constructed filtering. In the first sample you should hear a high pitched background whine. In the second sample, the high pitched whine is completely removed. 44 (Audio sample inserted here.) -------------------- 45 Traffic Noise This was recorded using the Borne in-line microphone connected to a mobile phone while walking along beside a busy street. This was in dry cool spring weather, and the road was paved with asphalt. This should be reasonably representative of podcasting while walking outdoors in a noisy environment. 46 Basic Manual Filter This used the basic manual filter with high and low pass filters. This did nothing very useful in this case as the signal was already filtered within those limits by the recording hardware anyway. The low sample rate of 8 kHz in the phone limited the upper frequency to 4 kHz. Recall that the sample rate has to be twice the highest frequency that you want to detect. Overall, this is not suitable for this sort of problem. 47 FFMPEG afftdn With a high noise floor, background noise is reduced, but not eliminated. There was not much distortion in the voice. This is only slightly useful for this sort of problem. 48 FFMPEG agate With a high threshhold, background noise is reduced, but not eliminated. There was some distortion in the voice. The background noise could also be heard when speaking, but because the frequency of the background signal was similar to the louder voice signal, it was not as noticeable as it would have been if the two were very different. This is moderately useful for this sort of problem. It may be more useful in situations where the background noise was not quite as loud. 49 FFMPEG arnndn With high amounts of noise reduction, much of the background noise is suppressed, but there is not a lot of distortion in the voice. The background traffic noise is still present, but is significantly less. This offers only a moderate improvement. 50 Sox noisered Filter With small amounts of noise reduction voice is clear but traffic noise is present as a very significant continuous warbling sound in the background. This is no improvement on the original and in fact could be seen as making it worse. With moderate amounts of noise reduction, traffic noise is mostly gone, but there are still various squeaks present. Voice is noticeably distorted. With large amounts of noise reduction, traffic noise is gone but voice is highly distorted. This is moderately useful for this sort of problem, but requires careful adjustment. 51 FFMPEG arnndn Followed by FFMPEG agate This combined two different filters. First, it used arnndn to suppress the background noise to a lower level without much voice distortion. Then it applied the agate filter to suppress the noise levels between words still further. This used the same amount of mix and threshold as was found to be most effective when each of these filters was used on its own. The background noise is almost completely gone while distortion of the voice signal is low. 52 Overall Conclusion for Traffic Noise The arnndn combined with agate filters was the most successful at suppressing background noise while limiting the amount of voice signal distortion. 53 Sample Audio Here is an audio sample for what I felt to be the best overall results, the arnndn filter combined with the agate filter. First is the original audio with basic filtering. This is followed with the same audio after being passed through the arnndn and agate filters. 54 (Insert arnndn plus agate audio sample here) 55 Another Sample Here is a second audio sample showing the Sox noisered profile based filter. I have included this to show how a profile based filter can make things worse if you are not careful how you use it. This repeats the test audio 4 times. The first is with basic filtering only. The second uses low amounts of noise reduction. The third uses moderate amounts of noise reduction. The fourth uses high amounts of noise reduction. 56 (Insert noisered audio sample here) -------------------- 57 Small Fan Noise with Yanmai Microphone This was recorded using the Yanmai condenser microphone. A small fan was set up behind and to the left of the microphone. This is intended to represent situations where someone may have a fan or air conditioner running in the background due to hot weather, or has a loud computer fan. 58 A condenser microphone was used for this test as they are more prone to picking up unwanted noise. However, for practical recording purposes, this sort of microphone is unsuitable for this type of environment. 59 Basic Manual Filter This used the basic manual filter with high and low pass filters. This did nothing useful as the fan noise was in the same frequency range as the voice signal. This may be of more help in cases where the noise is below the 120 Hz cut off used in the low pass filter. 60 FFMPEG afftdn With high amounts of noise reduction, much of the background noise is suppressed, but there is some distortion in the voice. The background fan noise is still present, but is significantly less. Overall this is moderately effective. 61 FFMPEG agate This was effective in removing noise between words, but noise can be heard while words are being spoken. However, this was a small voice sample and it is possible that more problems could occur. With less fan noise than was in this sample this technique may work much better. 62 FFMPEG arnndn With high amounts of noise reduction, much of the background noise is suppressed, but there is not a lot of distortion in the voice. The background fan noise is still present, but is significantly less. Overall this was fairly effective. 63 Sox noisered Filter With small amounts of noise reduction voice is clear but fan noise is present as a slight warbling sound in the background. With moderate amounts of noise reduction, fan noise is gone, but voice is somewhat distorted. With large amounts of noise reduction, fan noise is gone but voice is very distorted. 64 In general this method is fairly successful at dealing with this sort of problem. However, there is a trade off between background noise and voice quality. Getting that trade off correct takes experiment and judgment for each specific situation. 65 FFMPEG arnndn Followed by FFMPEG agate This combined two different filters. First, it used arnndn to suppress the background noise to a lower level without much voice distortion. Then it applied the agate filter to suppress the noise levels between words still further. This got rid of virtually all of the background noise between words. If you listen carefully however, there is a slight buzzing sound in the voice signal. 66 Overall Conclusion for Fan Noise with Yanmai Microphone. Of the methods tested, the arnndn followed by agate filter seemed to offer the most improvement for the least effort and least voice distortion. The arnndn filter on its own seemed the next most preferable to me despite leaving some fan noise in the background. 67 Audio Sample Here is an audio sample for what I felt to be the best overall results, the arnndn filter combined with the agate filter. First is the original audio with basic filtering. This is followed with the same audio after being passed through the arnndn and agate filters. 68 (Insert audio sample here) -------------------- 69 Small Fan Noise Recorded with Headset The following is an observation rather than a filtering technique. When a recording was made using the Maxwell headset and listened to on the headset later or with speakers, the fan was virtually inaudible. When the same recording was listened to with the XTrike headset, it was barely audible with careful listening and only identifiable as a fan because I knew it was there. 70 In situations where there is ambient noise, the best noise reduction technique is probably to move the microphone as close to your mouth as possible, although not directly in front of it, and reduce the gain if there is a gain adjustment in the microphone. This will work far better than trying to remove the noise later. If you are recording an HPR episode at a desk, then an inexpensive headset with boom mike may do the job just fine with minimal effort and expense. -------------------- 71 Conclusions I have tested three noise scenarios - Electronic noise in the audio hardware at specific frequencies. Recording outdoors with an inline microphone in a noisy traffic environment. A noisy fan creating background noise in an office. My conclusions on these are as follows. 72 Electronic Noise in the Audio Hardware at Specific Frequencies If you can use Audacity or some other means to find the frequencies which are causing the noise, the best solution, assuming you don't just replace the hardware, is to manually construct filters to remove those specific frequencies. This is the safest solution in terms of only doing what you tell it to and not producing unexpected surprises some time down the road when something changed in the environment. 73 If you are looking for a fairly automatic filtering method, the Sox noisered profile based filter seems to work fairly well. There is an equivalent filter in ffmpeg, but I did not include that in my experiments as it is harder to use in a script because it does not use a separate noise profile file. 74 Recording Outdoors with an Inline Microphone in a Noisy Traffic Environment. In this situation, the FFMPEG arnndn combined with agate filters seem to be the most successful. The Sox noisered filter may work, but at the cost of more distortion in the voice than is seen in the other methods. 75 An inherent problem with any profile based noise reduction method is that if the background noise is not constant, which it seldom is in that sort of environment, the profile may not represent the background noise which is present later on in the recording. This risks adding more distortion in the voice as the profile and later environments diverge. 76 However, for this application a different microphone that provided a better recording would appear to be advisable. A solution which brought the microphone much closer to the mouth and so resulted in a better ratio of voice signal compared to background noise would appear to be necessary, after which the question of what sort of noise reduction to use would need to be re-evaluated. 77 A Noisy Fan Creating Background Noise in an Office. The Sox noisered filter and the FFMPEG arnndn, afftdn, and agate methods all work to some degree. However, they all need correct selection of parameters to achieve the proper results. When I compared all four methods side by side, I found the arnndn combined with the agate filter to be preferable in terms of the trade off between background noise reduction and distortion of the voice signal. The arnndn filter on its own seemed the next most preferable to me despite leaving some fan noise in the background. 78 However, that is a subjective judgment of a specific noise sample when recorded using a specific microphone. Keep in mind though that many listeners will not be listening in an idea environment. They may be doing things where background noise is present rather than in a very quiet room and so may find a small amount of background noise in the recording to be less of a problem than distortion in the voice signal which may make some words harder to understand. 79 When I conducted the same experiment recorded with the XTrike headset I found that arnndn seemed to offer no noticeable improvement. This may be because the amount of audible fan noise was far less with the XTrike headset to begin with. In other words, there is no single best solution here, and you may have to be prepared to try different options to see which one works in your situation. The important thing is to avoid making things worse by applying filtering that is not appropriate for that situation. The best method may be to use a recording method that doesn't pick up the fan noise to begin with. This can include just using a gaming headset with boom mic. 80 I have one final observation on this point regarding headsets. The Maxwell headset has a foam cover over the microphone while the XTrike headset does not. There was some slight audible wind buffeting noise picked up by the XTrike headset that was not observed with the Maxwell. This seemed to cause particular problems with the Sox noisered profile based filter, as this noise was irregular and after filtering would show up as a warbling sound. If you use a headset and plan to use it in conjunction with a fan, it may be advisable to apply some sort of wind cover over it. 81 Combining Complex Filters In several cases I found that combining several complex filters offered better results than using any single one on its own. The basic strategy though is to first use a method which is good at reducing undesirable noise without introducing excessive voice distortion. Then apply a different filter which is good at reducing small levels of background noise to an even lower level while affecting the voice signal as little as possible. This uses the relative strengths of different filter types to compensate for the weaknesses of the other. 82 Different combinations of filters were most effective for different types of problems. I did not try all possible combinations however. Perhaps a further exploration of this would be worth doing in a later podcast. -------------------- 83 Case Study - Noise in Another HPR Episode Audio In the comments to my second episode on Simple Podcasting (which is HPR4618) where I discussed basic filtering, a couple of listeners brought up an interesting point. Antoine mentioned "declicking" in a post. -------------------- Vance replied 84 Antoine, thanks for mentioning the click removal capability in Audacity! While I already knew about its noise removal filter, I wasn't aware it also had click removal. It might have helped me for HPR4637, where some sort of electromagnetic signal was picked up by my microphone/recorder, a Zoom H2 (the tapping sound was *not* present in the room where I recorded). While click removal does seem to distort speech when applied to it (though to my ears, it doesn't sound as weird as when noise removal is done with speech), I could have applied the filter only to the pauses, where the "tapping" is most noticeable. I will consider doing this in the event that I'm not able to eliminate the source of interference in the future, which would be the best way to go. -------------------- 85 End of quote. I found this interesting as it sounded like another audio problem that could be experimented with. I found a sample of the episode which had the clicks and cut a copy of that segment out to experiment with. These sounds are a series of clicks, or "ticks" would be another way to describe them, in the quiet part of the audio between sentences or phrases. 86 Next I used Audacity to study the sound spectrum. I found a massive 60 Hz noise spike. However, my speakers won't reproduce sound that low, and filtering this out didn't reduce the clicks. The clicks turned out to be bursts of noise across the 100 to 800 Hz band, which is right where the main vocal band also is. This makes it difficult to filter based on frequency. The most promising approach would seem to be to filter based on sound level. 87 I tried all of the individual audio filter techniques mentioned in the other experiments above. None produced satisfactory results except for agate, which makes quiet audio quieter. This completely suppressed the clicks. However, when applied to the entire episode it also distorted the start of a few sentences which began with single short syllables. 88 The agate filter has a number of parameters which could be adjusted to try to deal with these cases, although I did not spend the time to do so. Another solution to this distortion problem is to simply not apply the filter to those parts of the audio which are affected. If you record the audio as a series of small individual files, it would be easy enough to filter before concatenating the files together while skipping those files which contain audio which is not suited to this method. Here are the results of the experiments. 89 FFMPEG afftdn This reduces the size of of the ticks, but they are still present. However, they may be reduced to a level which is considered acceptable. 90 FFMPEG agate This was very effective in removing ticks with the right parameters. However, it can introduce some voice distortion in the form of cutting out the start of a few sentences which began with single short syllables. This can be corrected with a very short "attack" parameter to turn off the filter when it detects sound above a set threshhold. 91 FFMPEG arnndn This was relatively ineffective. 92 Sox noisered This was effective in removing the sounds between phrases. However, it introduces some distortion in the voice signal. 93 I also tried combining filters. FFMPEG afftdn Followed by agate This combined two different filters. First, it used afftdn to suppress the background noise to a lower level without much voice distortion. Then it applied the agate filter to suppress the noise levels between words still further. This got rid of virtually all of the background noise between words. 94 Here is a short audio sample from HPR4637. First is the unfiltered audio. Second is the filtered audio using the combined afftdn plus agate filters. Since the "clicks" are very quiet, you may not hear them unless you are in quiet environment. Quite a few listeners would probably not be aware of the perceived audio problem in this episode if it had not been discussed here. None the less, it makes for an interesting experiment. Here it is: 95 (Insert sample audio here) 96 Overall Conclusion for Noise "Ticks" The afftdn combined with agate filters seemed to offer the best overall results when used with the right parameters. However, the author, Vance, speaks very clearly and evenly, and so his voice is ideally suited for use with this filter. Another author's voice may not be as suited to this filter. 97 The Sox noisered profile based filter offers various degrees of trade off between suppressing noise and distorting the voice signal. As to whether this is an acceptable trade off depends on the particular voice in question and how easily understood it is under normal circumstances with out additional distortion. The afftdn filter may be a fairly safe filter to use on its own while producing acceptable if not perfect output. -------------------- 98 Overall Conclusions I have presented only a few of the experiments that I conducted. My overall conclusion after all of this is that there is no universal audio filtering method that works best in all circumstances. There are instead a number of tools in the toolbox, and picking the right one for the job takes a bit of trial and error. 99 However, if you have a repeatable recording environment, then once you have decided what tool you need you should create a script for it so you can have a repeatable processing setup. These conclusions apply to voice podcasting. Music has a different set of criteria and techniques that work well with basic voice podcasting may produce poor results when applied to music which has a broader range of frequency and just as importantly, a broad range of loudness. 100 If you are used to using filters and effects in Audacity, many of the settings on those correspond to arguments in the command line version of ffmpeg. It is worth learning how to use ffmpeg directly to automate your recording process. 101 The experiments that I conducted were greatly assisted by writing scripts which created multiple versions of audio files with different settings, thereby allowing me to try many different alternatives relatively easily. It also allowed me to concatenate different audio samples into a single audio file and so listen to different versions in quick succession, making subjective listening judgments more reliable. 102 It is important to keep in mind in all this that I am playing with audio filtering mainly to have fun. It is not necessary to do any of this if you think your podcast episode sounds just fine without it. So, don't let any of what I have talked about in all this discourage you from simply recording a podcast and sending it in as is. I will include copies of the filters I have described here in the show notes. -------------------- 103 Related Matters Hardware Characterization Using Audio Signals I found it useful to characterize the hardware that I had in order to understand its limitations better before starting the experiments. This involved playing a signal out through a set of speakers and then recording it through a microphone. 104 I used two types of signal for this. One is type of signal is known as a "chirp" signal. This is a sine wave that steadily increases in frequency as it sweeps across the audio spectrum. The standard audio range is 20 Hz to 20 kHz, but for my purposes I limited the upper frequency to 15 kHz to save time as anything beyond that is not very useful for voice podcasts. 105 By recording the chirp signal with a microphone and analyzing it with a Fourier transform, I could quickly see what each device was capable of. See my previous series on simple podcasting for an explanation of what a Fourier transform is and what software to use to see the results of it. Here is a chirp signal. 106 (Insert Audio Sample Here) 107 In addition to a chirp signal, I also used a series of simple tones of specific frequencies. By using these tones of known frequency I could gain an understanding of the limitations of my speakers and headphones, and just as importantly, my own ears. By understanding these limitations I was able to narrow the range of frequencies that I need to deal with quite considerably and set the high and low pass filters accordingly. These tones are a series of flac files generated with ffmpeg. 108 Here is a a sample audio tone at a 2 kHz frequency. 109 (Insert Audio Sample Here) 110 Copies of the script to create the chirp signal and the tones are in the show notes. -------------------- 111 A "Not a Review" of some of the Hardware that I Used I said that I would not do a review of the hardware that I used. However, some of it deserves mention for either how good or bad it was. I will record each section using the hardware being described. 112 Maxwell Headset This is my original recording hardware. This is a headset with boom mic and USB connection. There is no model number on it, so I don't know the model. This probably cost somewhere between 10 and 25 dollars. The earpieces sit on the ears and do not fully enclose them. This makes it light weight and comfortable to wear for extended periods of time. It has a problem however with electronic noise consisting of a noise spike every 1 kHz. I was able to fix this with a series of filters using FFMPEG. Fixing this problem is what got me started in understanding audio. I will probably continue to use this headset to make podcasts. 113 XTrike Headset, Model GH-510 This is also a headset with boom mic and USB connection. I purchased this headset for the purposes of experimentation for this podcast episode. It cost $12.88. I found it to be surprisingly good for the price. It has fully enclosed ear pieces however, which may make it uncomfortable to wear in hot weather. I may try doing some of my future podcasting using this headset. 114 Borne Earpiece and In-line Microphone This is a set of earplugs that go in your ears and connected by wires and a very small microphone built into a small bulge in the cable. It connects using a 3.5mm jack. The model number seems to be BUD250-BL. It cost approximately $3.00. I bought several sets of these and use them for listening to podcasts from an MP3 player. The ear pieces are pretty good for listening with. The microphone works reasonably well when used in a quiet location. It is less good when in a noisy environment. It is very important however to secure the microphone to your lapel or other location reasonably near your mouth and to point the microphone (that is the small hole) outwards and not simply let it dangle freely. If you let it just hang, you will get poor quality and inconsistent audio. 115 Yanmai Condenser Microphone, Model SF-910 I purchased this microphone for the purposes of experimentation for this podcast episode. It cost $3.88. As it is a condenser microphone, it is prone to picking up background noise more and as such is probably not a good choice for podcasting by single person sitting at a desk. However, it is none the less a surprisingly good microphone for surprisingly little money. 116 iCan USB Microphone, Model M-306 I purchased this microphone for the purposes of experimentation for this podcast episode. This has a USB connection. This was also relatively inexpensive at $7.99, or roughly twice the price of the Yanmai microphone. Unlike the Yanmai however, it is absolutely wretched. There was such a high degree of distortion when recording through it that I found I could not use it in the fan experiments which I had bought it for. I ended up buying the Yanmai microphone for that instead. -------------------- 117 Easy Effects Software The techniques described so far all involve recording audio files and then processing them later to produce the desired result. This is probably the simplest and most straightforward way of doing things if you are making a typical podcast. However, there may be instances where you want to apply filtering or other effects on the "live" signal immediately and not after the fact. 118 There is audio software which can hook into your computer's audio system and do this with a live signal. For Linux, there is a package called "Easy Effects". This is Free Software and comes under a GPL V3 or later license. I installed it from the Debian repository under Ubuntu 24.04. 119 You can create various filters and even chain them together to combine them. I played with it a bit but do not know enough about it to discuss it seriously at this time. However, I thought it would be worth mentioning for the sake of those who may wish to try it out themselves. -------------------- 120 Episode Conclusion After having had some fun with audio and listening to other HPR members talk about audio, I thought I would have some more fun by playing with noise reduction filters. I have no intention of becoming an audio professional, but by doing some experiments I learned a few things and had some fun doing it. I hope that the rest of you found this interest as well. I will see you all again later in another episode of Hacker Public Radio. -------------------- Scripts Basic Filter This shows basic high and low pass filters ( 120 Hz and 8 kHz respectively) and band reject filters for 50 and 60 Hz. # The high and low pass filters. hlpfil="highpass=f=120, highpass=f=120, lowpass=f=8000, lowpass=f=8000" # Band reject filters filter for 60Hz and another for 50Hz. linefil="bandreject=f=60:width_type=h:w=20, bandreject=f=50:width_type=h:w=20" # Filter using ffmpeg. ffmpeg -i inputfile.flac -af "$hlpfil, $linefil" outputname.flac # ====================================================================== afftdn Filter # noisefloor should be between 20 and 80. noisefloor=$1 # Run the noise reduction. ffmpeg -i testrec-filtered.flac -af "afftdn=nr=10:nf=-""$noisefloor" tmptestrec.flac # ====================================================================== agate Filter # threshold shoud be between 10 and 80. threshold=$1 # Run the noise reduction. ffmpeg -i testrec-filtered.flac -af "agate=threshold=-"$threshold"dB:range=-60dB" tmptestrec.flac # ====================================================================== arnndn Filter # mix should be between 0 and 1. mix=$1 # Run the noise reduction. ffmpeg -i testrec-filtered.flac -af 'arnndn=model=std.rnnn:mix='"$mix" tmptestrec.flac # ====================================================================== sox noisered Filter # Generate the noise profile from a sample of background noise. sox silencefiltered.flac -n noiseprof noise.prof # nramount shoudl be between 0 and 1 sox testrec-filtered.flac noiseout-testrec.flac noisered noise.prof "$nramount" # ====================================================================== Manual Filter for Maxwell Headset Noise # Create a series of band reject filters, from 1 kHz to 11 kHz. ftemplate="bandreject=f=%s000:width_type=h:w=100" kilospikefil=$( seq 1 11 | xargs printf "$ftemplate," ) # Using ffmpeg ffmpeg -i testrec-filtered.flac -af "$kilospikefil" tmptestrec.flac # ====================================================================== Create a "chirp" signal # Start frequency. f0=20 # End frequency. f1=15000 # Duration of signal. duration=10 ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "aevalsrc=sin(2 * PI * (0.5 * ($f1 - $f0)/$duration * t^2 + ($f0 * t))):s=44100:d=$duration" -c:a flac -af "aformat=sample_fmts=s16" chirp.flac # ====================================================================== Generate Audio Tones toneout () { printf -v freqval "%05d" $1 ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "sine=frequency=$freqval:duration=3" tmptone.flac # Normalize ffmpeg -i tmptone.flac -af loudnorm=I=-17:TP=-2.0:LRA=4.0 -ar 44.1k -sample_fmt s16 tone$freqval.flac rm tmptone.flac } # List of frequencies in hertz. freqlist="50 60 100 120 130 140 150 160 170 200 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000" for freq in $( echo $freqlist ); do toneout $freq done # ====================================================================== Provide feedback on this episode.

Foundations of Amateur Radio The thing I think I love most about the hobby of amateur radio is the challenges it represents, not in terms of life or emotional ones, though I will admit that there's some of those .. in no small part due to the variety and complexity associated with being human and a member of the community, more in terms of figuring out how stuff works and then how much stuff there is. I was first licensed in 2010 and since then I've attempted to document the experience of being an amateur and discovering just what that might mean. This week has been interesting, if not quite as productive as I was hoping for. I spent a full day working on SoapyAudio, you might recall, it's one of the potential puzzle pieces in my Bald Yak project. I can report that it compiles fine on a Raspberry Pi 2, and when I get a moment I suspect that it will also work just fine on a Pi Zero. When I got to the point of packaging it all up, I spent hours trying to get my head around the Debian packaging system. For reasons I don't understand, nobody appears to have written anything that monitors the standard 'make install' step, save for one project called 'checkinstall' which has some serious bugs, like overwriting the system password file, and is not recommended. While in the middle of that adventure I discovered that SoapySDR and associated modules, utilities and support tools are already packaged in Debian. I'll confess that I emulated a stunned mullet when I noticed that. While this might mean that I essentially spent three days shaving a Yak for apparently no good reason, it did allow me to discover that SoapyAudio is currently receive only, but adding transmit doesn't look like an unsolvable problem. I still don't know why I went down the compilation steps but it allowed me to peruse the source-code which helped discover how some of this hangs together and I'll hasten to add that my understanding is currently incomplete at best, but that's par for the course. After discovering the existing packaging I installed 'soapyremote-server' on the Pi and it worked out of the box .. something which I'm happy to say is a regular occurrence with Debian packages, perhaps this is why packaging is so complex, another thing to investigate as time permits. I then added an external USB sound card with the audio going into the rear DATA socket of my FT-857d, and together with the CT-62 compatible USB CAT cable, that's Computer Assisted Tuning, allowing remote control of the radio, the Pi was ready to be the network interface to my copy of GNU Radio. Well, not quite. There's some secret incantations that I have still to divine, but thanks to random forum posts with hints at how to format the command string required, I'm making progress. GNU Radio can see the Soapy Server, has passed the checks to control the radio, which happens behind the scenes thanks to Hamlib, but stumbles on the audio card side of things. If it weren't for other life affirming activities in my diary, I would be reporting success, but I can tell you that I can taste it. Now, why does this make me excited? Well, it means that I can now use my FT-857d across the room, technically across the Internet even, to receive and process RF within GNU Radio. You might recall that this is one of the stated aims of this whole endeavour. In terms of "50 things to do with an SDR", this one will end up in the "Listen to conversations on the 2-meter amateur radio band" pile. While it's not particularly exciting to listen to the local repeater across the room, something which I can do by turning up the volume or getting a long headphone lead, it represents a small milestone in the pursuit of my Bald Yak project which aims to create a modular, bidirectional and distributed signal processing and control system that leverages GNU Radio. It's called Bald Yak because by the time I'm done, the Yak is likely well and truly shaved. So .. micron by micron I'm getting closer. Also, "like a stunned mullet" means to be dazed and uncomprehending, feel free to use it in public. I'm Onno VK6FLAB

Wir sprechen über aktuelle Technikthemen rund um Infrastruktur, Open Source und KI. Ein Schwerpunkt ist Sebastians stark automatisierte Kubernetes-Umgebung auf Talos Linux mit GitOps und KI-Agenten unter menschlicher Kontrolle. Außerdem diskutieren wir Plattformfragen, Sicherheits- und Lieferkettenthemen sowie verschiedene KI-Entwicklungen. Zum Schluss greifen wir noch einige kleinere Themen aus dem Entwickleralltag und Werkzeuge für lokale LLMs auf. Blast from the Past Kubernetes Cluster ist nun live! https://www.siderolabs.com/talos-linux https://github.com/kreativmonkey/homelab-gitops payphonetag Froscon Toter der Woche Aus für De-Mail – warum das @ das eingekringelte e besiegte wero Aus für Ubuntu Pastebin – Abschaltung Ende Juni 2026 feedburner Untoter der Woche Stuxnet's Older Brother Revealed After 21 Years (video) fast16 | Mystery Shadow Brokers Reference Reveals High-Precision Software Sabotage 5 Years Before Stuxnet AI der Woche Continue Y/N Torvalds nennt KI Bug Reports “reine Zeitverschwendung” … aber curl Entwickler “zeigt sich versöhnlich” https://hothardware.com/news/new-ai-cyber-worm-thinks-up-its-own-attacks-to-infect-computers Anthropic: Weltweite Pause bei KI-Entwicklung ‘sinnvoll’ Anthropic Bewertung 965 Millarden rsync drama rsync analyse Google Chrome silently installs a 4 GB AI model on your device EU AI Act: Transparenzpflichten ab August 2026 Jakob gewinnt Gemma4 12B Bonsai 4b News Backblaze has quietly stopped backing up your data Debian must ship reproducible packages Cloudflare kauft Vite: Open Source und herstellerneutral – mit Millionenfonds https://arstechnica.com/security/2026/06/dozens-of-red-hat-packages-backdoored-through-its-offical-npm-channel/ https://www.golem.de/news/nur-ein-client-noetig-http-2-bomb-legt-webserver-in-sekunden-lahm-2606-209396.html Blog Post Themen Was eigentlich wenn kein GitHub? Ghostty Is Leaving GitHub Codeberg Gitlab BitBucket (nein!) Hackergarten 3D-Druck der Woche Bambu Lab: I’m reposting your code & I dare you to sue me. (video) Bambu Lab 3D printers: Never again (video) baltobu Zauberstab zum Bezahlen Weltumwelttag “PET Recycling” Mimimi der Woche modules C++20 tooling Python click Nix & SELinux Nix: cross-compiling Updates sind scheiße! Brother Drucker mit neuem Zertifikat Cosmic Desktop Nix Logo Lesefoo I put a datacenter GPU into my PC searchcode.com's SQLite database is probably 6 terabytes bigger than yours How I run multiple $10K MRR companies on a $20/month tech stack Serving a Website on a Raspberry Pi Zero Running Entirely in RAM NixOS auf Flint 2 You don’t love systemd timers enough! Picks IPv8 is finaly here Internet Protocol Version 8 (IPv8) The Unsolved Mystery of Lorem Ipsum (video) ODROID H5 Mechanical Pencil Umweltkosten durch Vibe Coding: Tool berechnet CO₂-Ausstoß für Claude Code Artikel von Heise taken (again)

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. This series is dedicated to exploring little-known—and occasionally useful—trinkets lurking in the dusty corners of UNIX-like operating systems. In UNIX Curio #4 ( HPR episode 4617 ), I teased the subject of file compression. Today I'm circling back to that. The history of data compression goes back at least to the 1970s, and in contexts outside UNIX and computers, probably even earlier. Somehow, it is refreshing to learn that humans have always struggled to have enough storage space to keep all the data they want to hang on to. One way around this limitation is to use some form of compression. I am only going to dive into lossless compression for this episode—that is, a compression method that can be reversed and will spit out the original data bit for bit. Lossy compression methods also have their places: you might be familiar with their use for audio (such as Ogg Vorbis or MP3); it's also used for images (such as JPEG). Lossy compression allows some of the original data to be thrown away, resulting in a smaller file than is possible with lossless compression, but the intent is for the result to still sound or look "good enough" to a human observer. Also, I am going to limit my discussion to generic methods used for many types of data; while FLAC does lossless compression, it is specifically designed just for audio. I should make clear that I have never studied computer science or information theory, so this episode will not get into the science behind various types of compression algorithms and how they differ. But in general, these methods take advantage of the fact that many types of data have recurring patterns. English text mostly consists of words that often re-appear many times—source code similarly has keywords and variable names that recur. Compression is accomplished by representing a piece of data that occurs multiple times with a symbol that is shorter in length. The first compression program in the UNIX world I could find is called pack , from 1978 1 . It was shortly followed in 1979 by a similar program called compact 2 . Both of these used a technique called Huffman coding, but with some differences between them. Files compressed with pack were given a .z extension and compact gave filenames a .C extension. Roughly every five or ten years after this, a new program would come along and achieve lasting popularity. There were, and still are, two opposing forces facing any new form of compression. Working in favor was the advantages it provided—first among these was achieving a better compression ratio, but performance improvements such as speed or reduced memory usage could also be compelling. The force against any new method was the fact that it was not yet widely supported—it doesn't much help to have a smaller file if the people you share it with cannot decompress it. The next major advance in compression arose out of three scientific papers: two in 1977 and 1978 by Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv (called LZ77 and LZ78), and one by Terry Welch in 1984 which built on LZ78. This last method is typically referred to as LZW. Our UNIX Curio for today is a program called compress 3 that implements the LZW method. Files compressed this way are named with the extension .Z . I had always assumed that this was to honor Jacob Ziv, but now that I've researched the history, it seems more likely to be a follow-on from how files compressed by pack were named. Since pack did not use any of the Lempel-Ziv methods, I would guess that it used .z because that wasn't already taken by anything else, but that's pure speculation. I do recall encountering .Z files in the wild, but feel certain that hasn't happened in the last 25 years, maybe longer. If you need to expand one of these, uncompress 4 is the program to use ( GNU's gunzip can also handle them 5 ). However, there was a serious problem that arose with the LZ78 and LZW compression methods. Both of them were patented, and the owner became aggressive in seeking payment from developers and users. The compress utility was developed within two months of the publication of Welch's 1984 paper and was included in Bell Laboratories' Eighth Edition UNIX before these shakedowns started. The paper did not disclose that a patent had been filed, and apparently Spencer Thomas and the other developers of compress were unaware of it. The utility became popular for a while, and was even standardized by POSIX, but people moved away from LZW once the legal threats started. Another important advance came in 1991 and was called the DEFLATE compression method. It combined the un-patented LZ77 method with Huffman coding to achieve a similar level of compression as LZW (actually, often better) without the legal trouble. DEFLATE was developed for PKZIP and was soon adopted by the GNU project's gzip compressor. While Phil Katz (the "PK" in PKZIP ) patented one way of implementing the DEFLATE method, it was possible to write a compressor and decompressor without infringing 6 ; also, he apparently never tried to enforce the patent 7 . As I mentioned in UNIX Curio #4, .zip is both an archive and a compression format. Each archive member can be compressed with one of several possible methods (or stored without compression). Unlike a tar file where compression can be applied to the entire archive, in .zip each archive member is compressed individually. This often means a .zip file will be slightly bigger than a tar file with the same contents compressed with gzip , because the .zip format cannot take advantage of duplication that occurs among more than one member of the archive. The vast majority of .zip files use only the DEFLATE and uncompressed storage methods and these are the only options if you want to follow the profile standardized in ISO/IEC 21320-1. Actually, since they both use DEFLATE, gzip is able to extract a .zip file in the special case where it only holds one member compressed with that method. From the 1990s onward, people paid significant attention to avoiding patent landmines, so only methods that didn't have that problem became broadly popular. While the patents on LZ78 and LZW have since expired, I feel like their most successful legacy was in discouraging people from using those methods, leading to DEFLATE taking the popularity crown. The next step came in 1996 and 1997 with the development of bzip and bzip2 by Julian Seward. The original method was quickly followed by bzip2 , which was the version that achieved true popularity. They use the Burrows-Wheeler transform, which does not itself compress data but re-arranges it to make it more compressible; this is combined with other techniques 8 . (At least, that's my understanding. I told you, I'm not up on information theory.) This provides a significant reduction in the compressed size of the data compared to earlier methods—however, it is slower than DEFLATE both during compression and decompression. Separate projects have developed parallel versions of gzip and bzip2 that can take advantage of multi-processor machines, but the original utilities run single-threaded. Another five years later, in 2001, Igor Pavlov added the Lempel-Ziv-Markov chain algorithm (LZMA), an enhancement to LZ77, to his 7-Zip compression tool. This was followed a few years later by LZMA2, a container format that allowed for LZMA compression to be split between multiple threads. Broad LZMA2 support came to the UNIX world in 2009 with the xz utility 9 . It offers roughly similar compression ratios to bzip2 , though it can be better or worse depending on the data to be compressed. While compression generally takes even longer than bzip2 , decompression is significantly faster (though still not as fast as gzip ). The Linux kernel relatively quickly supported booting from xz-compressed images 10 because it was a good match for that use case—compression, the time-consuming activity, only has to be done once while the more frequent decompression during boot happens relatively fast. The last method I will cover is Zstandard 11 , often written as zstd . This came about in 2015, and is another variation on LZ77 that uses finite-state entropy (which means nothing to me, but you might understand it). It performs about as well as DEFLATE in terms of compression ratios, but is much faster both when compressing and decompressing data. I should say that these statements are true with the typical default settings—depending on the compression level selected, it can compress more slowly, but compress the data smaller. However, decompression is always speedier than DEFLATE. This makes it attractive for some uses, and it is heavily promoted by Meta/Facebook, where Yann Collet developed it. For example, shipping large amounts of actively-used data between machines in a data center can go more quickly when the size is reduced; however, if the compression and decompression steps take too long that benefit is lost. A speedy method can be valuable even if it doesn't result in the greatest reduction in size. This use case stands in contrast to, say, a compressed backup file which might only be accessed in a disaster recovery scenario or never accessed at all, making size more important than speed. Both the xz and zstd utilities have some built-in support for multi-threading, but the default is to run in a single thread. While xz can use multiple threads for decompression (but only if the file was compressed in multi-thread mode), the reference zstd utility can only use more than one thread for compression, not decompression. There are many other methods of lossless compression that have been developed over the decades, but I believe these are the ones you are most likely to encounter in the world of UNIX-like systems. This is a personal opinion, and others might choose a different set. As mentioned, it can be tough for a new method to gain popularity and 35-year-old DEFLATE is still probably the most commonly used despite not being the fastest or offering the greatest reduction in size. Even systems like FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD that do not like to include GNU tools supported it by developing their own version of gzip based on the permissively-licensed zlib library. Technically, the LZW method used by the compress utility is still standardized by POSIX, so one might expect it to have the widest support. However, aggressive patent enforcement discouraged adoption, especially by Free and Open Source Software systems—even though the patent has expired, it is still out of favor compared to DEFLATE. For this reason, I feel justified in calling it a curio. References: Eighth Edition UNIX pack.c https://www.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=V8/usr/src/cmd/pack/pack.c 2.9BSD compact.c https://www.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=2.9BSD/usr/src/ucb/compact/compact.c Compress specification https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/compress.html Uncompress specification https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/uncompress.html GNU Gzip manual https://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/manual/gzip.html RFC 1951: DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification version 1.3 https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1951 History of Lossless Data Compression Algorithms: The Rise of Deflate https://ethw.org/History_of_Lossless_Data_Compression_Algorithms#The_Rise_of_Deflate bzip2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bzip2 XZ Utils https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XZ_Utils 2.6.38 merge window part 2 https://lwn.net/Articles/423541/ zstd https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zstd Appendix The table below demonstrates the results of compressing different types of data using tools described in this episode. While not totally rigorous, I did run each compression and decompression multiple times to ensure I was getting consistent results. The laptop I used has an Intel Core i5-6200U CPU running at 2.30GHz, and the system had at least 5 GB of free memory for each run. While this processor has two cores and can run four simultaneous threads, all utilities were run single-threaded. The term "best" means the highest level of compression available (the exact level used is shown). For bzip2 , the default is the best. For zstd , "best" is -19, which is the highest "normal" level, but "ultra" levels that are even higher also exist. Ratios are the percentage of the original size that the file was reduced to (other sources might instead express the compression ratio as the reduction in size achieved). In all results, smaller numbers are better. ┌────────────────────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┐ │ │ gzip │ gzip │ bzip2 │ xz │ xz │ zstd │ zstd │ │ │(default -6) │ (best -9) │ (-9) │(default -6) │ (best -9) │(default -3) │ (best -19) │ ├──────────────┬─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │ │Size (ratio) │ 22,036,508 │ 21,891,623 │ 15,795,698 │ 13,487,768 │ 12,938,464 │ 20,454,657 │ 13,709,078 │ │ │ │ (24%) │ (24%) │ (17%) │ (15%) │ (14%) │ (23%) │ (15%) │ │English Text ├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │(90,532,092 │Compression │ 4.8s │ 7.6s │ 8.5s │ 49.8s │ 58.8s │ 0.6s │ 65.2s │ │bytes │time │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │uncompressed) ├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │ │Decompression│ 0.7s │ 0.8s │ 3.7s │ 1.2s │ 1.2s │ 0.4s │ 0.4s │ │ │time │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├──────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │ │Size (ratio) │ 125,291,122 │ 124,189,544 │ 98,016,512 │ 84,882,492 │ 81,954,344 │ 120,604,855 │ 87,298,645 │ │ │ │ (21%) │ (21%) │ (17%) │ (14%) │ (14%) │ (20%) │ (15%) │ │Source Code ├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │(590,008,320 │Compression │ 22.0s │ 39.3s │ 54.8s │ 241s │ 298s │ 3.7s │ 348s │ │bytes │time │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │uncompressed) ├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │ │Decompression│ 5.1s │ 5.1s │ 20.3s │ 8.1s │ 7.8s │ 2.4s │ 2.4s │ │ │time │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├──────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │ │Size (ratio) │ 32,830,905 │ 32,371,241 │ 26,856,579 │ 20,717,288 │ 20,352,880 │ 28,538,810 │ 23,154,582 │ │ │ │ (19%) │ (19%) │ (16%) │ (12%) │ (12%) │ (17%) │ (13%) │ │Binary Program├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │(171,972,264 │Compression │ 6.4s │ 22.4s │ 18.6s │ 62.2s │ 67.8s │ 0.8s │ 111s │ │bytes │time │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │uncompressed) ├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │ │Decompression│ 1.5s │ 1.5s │ 5.6s │ 2.3s │ 2.3s │ 0.7s │ 0.7s │ │ │time │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├──────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │ │Size (ratio) │ 146,397,772 │ 146,397,757 │ 144,485,451 │ 131,950,232 │ 130,926,780 │ 147,154,979 │ 145,703,840 │ │ │ │ (89%) │ (89%) │ (88%) │ (80%) │ (80%) │ (90%) │ (89%) │ │WAVE Audio ├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │(164,396,302 │Compression │ 9.2s │ 9.2s │ 25.1s │ 70.4s │ 97.7s │ 0.7s │ 58.3s │ │bytes │time │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │uncompressed) ├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │ │Decompression│ 2.0s │ 2.0s │ 13.5s │ 12.2s │ 12.1s │ 0.6s │ 0.8s │ │ │time │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├──────────────┴─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │ │ gzip │ gzip │ bzip2 │ xz │ xz │ zstd │ zstd │ │ │(default -6) │ (best -9) │ (-9) │(default -6) │ (best -9) │(default -3) │ (best -19) │ └────────────────────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┘ English text consists of Titles 1 through 10 of the 2020 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations . Source code consists of a tar file containing the Linux kernel source, version 4.0. Binary program consists of an ELF-format executable of the pandoc application, version 2.17.1.1 found on Debian 12. Audio consists of a 24-bit Signed Integer PCM WAVE file with 2 channels at 44.1kHz, about 10:21 in length. For comparison, the audio-specific flac lossless compression utility reduced this file to 97,962,711 bytes (60%) in 2.6 seconds at the default (-5) level and to 97,714,876 bytes (59%) in 5.4 seconds at the highest (-8) level. Provide feedback on this episode.

Debian’s ambitious aim to make all packages reproducible pushes us closer to a better future, yet more talk about age verification for VPNs, Firefox gets more users on mobile thanks to regulation, Opera’s gaming browser comes to Linux, Valve releases CAD files for the Steam Controller, and the Steam Frame might be coming soon. With guest host Andy from Linux Dev Time. News/discussion Debian Release Team: Debian Must Now Ship Reproducible Packages EU calls VPNs “a loophole that needs closing” in age verification push EU browser choice rules send millions more users Firefox’s way Opera GX Lands on Linux Steam Controller and Puck CAD files officially released under a Creative Commons license — Valve encourages users to create accessories for the device Steam Frame coming soon? See our contact page for ways to get in touch. RSS: Subscribe to the RSS feeds here

Debian’s ambitious aim to make all packages reproducible pushes us closer to a better future, yet more talk about age verification for VPNs, Firefox gets more users on mobile thanks to regulation, Opera’s gaming browser comes to Linux, Valve releases CAD files for the Steam Controller, and the Steam Frame might be coming soon. With guest host Andy from Linux Dev Time. News/discussion Debian Release Team: Debian Must Now Ship Reproducible Packages EU calls VPNs “a loophole that needs closing” in age verification push EU browser choice rules send millions more users Firefox’s way Opera GX Lands on Linux Steam Controller and Puck CAD files officially released under a Creative Commons license — Valve encourages users to create accessories for the device Steam Frame coming soon? See our contact page for ways to get in touch. RSS: Subscribe to the RSS feeds here

This week we're talking GCC performance wins, then a parade of security issues, (including a security catastrophe on Windows). Debian is moving to reproducible builds, while the kernel updates its security docs. KDE has a beta out of 6.7, Dell and Lenovo back LVFS, and California may save gaming. For tips, we have CoolerControl for fan controls, stow for managing symlinks, and bb for sweet ASCII demo swag. You can find the show notes at https://bit.ly/4urTUKE and enjoy the show! Host: Jonathan Bennett Co-Hosts: Ken McDonald and Jeff Massie Download or subscribe to Untitled Linux Show at https://twit.tv/shows/untitled-linux-show Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free audio and video feeds, a members-only Discord, and exclusive content. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Club TWiT members can discuss this episode and leave feedback in the Club TWiT Discord.

This week we're talking GCC performance wins, then a parade of security issues, (including a security catastrophe on Windows). Debian is moving to reproducible builds, while the kernel updates its security docs. KDE has a beta out of 6.7, Dell and Lenovo back LVFS, and California may save gaming. For tips, we have CoolerControl for fan controls, stow for managing symlinks, and bb for sweet ASCII demo swag. You can find the show notes at https://bit.ly/4urTUKE and enjoy the show! Host: Jonathan Bennett Co-Hosts: Ken McDonald and Jeff Massie Download or subscribe to Untitled Linux Show at https://twit.tv/shows/untitled-linux-show Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free audio and video feeds, a members-only Discord, and exclusive content. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Club TWiT members can discuss this episode and leave feedback in the Club TWiT Discord.

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. This series is dedicated to exploring little-known—and occasionally useful—trinkets lurking in the dusty corners of UNIX-like operating systems. I would imagine that most users of UNIX-like systems have heard of cron —certainly any system administrator should have. Briefly, cron is a way of running a job repeatedly based on the time and date; for example, a job could run every hour, at 5:00am every Tuesday, or the 3rd of every month. It is commonly used for administrative or maintenance tasks that should be done on a regular schedule, such as checking for software updates, rotating log files, or updating the database for the locate command. As well-known as cron is, there is a similar utility that very few seem to be aware of: at . This is the word "at", and has nothing to do with the at symbol "@". An at job is very much like a cron job, except that an at job only runs one time. A job is submitted by running at timespec 1 , where timespec is the time and date the job is to be run. The linked POSIX specification page describes acceptable formats for timespec ; some examples are " now ", " 14:00 ", " noon tomorrow ", " 14:00 + 3 months ", and " 14:00 January 19, 2038 ". The utility then waits on standard input for you to enter a set of commands to be run in the job. You end input by typing Control-D to mark the end of text. (As an alternative to typing in the job, you could instead use the "

This is a recap of the top 10 posts on Hacker News on May 10, 2026. This podcast was generated by wondercraft.ai (00:30): Hardware Attestation as Monopoly EnablerOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48086190&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(01:56): Local AI needs to be the normOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48085821&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(03:22): Louis Rossmann offers to pay legal fees for a threatened OrcaSlicer developerOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48084432&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(04:49): Incident Report: CVE-2024-YIKESOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48086082&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(06:15): Show HN: Building a web server in assembly to give my life (a lack of) meaningOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48080587&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(07:42): Remind HN: Today is Mother's Day, call your momsOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48085384&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(09:08): Debian must ship reproducible packagesOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48081245&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(10:35): Space Cadet Pinball on LinuxOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48082968&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(12:01): YC's Biggest ScandalsOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48085314&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(13:28): GitHub is sinkingOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48085095&utm_source=wondercraft_aiThis is a third-party project, independent from HN and YC. Text and audio generated using AI, by wondercraft.ai. Create your own studio quality podcast with text as the only input in seconds at app.wondercraft.ai. Issues or feedback? We'd love to hear from you: team@wondercraft.ai

TECNOLOGIA Y LIBERTAD   ☕️ DONACIONES    https://ko-fi.com/deknet   

Today we have Stefano Zacchiroli primarily to talk about the Software Heritage Foundation and the service it runs Software Heritage Archive an organization that aims to preserve our open source software history for generations to come long after there individual repos are gone.==========Support The Channel==========► Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/brodierobertson► Paypal: https://www.paypal.me/BrodieRobertsonVideo► Amazon USA: https://amzn.to/3d5gykF► Other Methods: https://cointr.ee/brodierobertson==========Guest Links==========Software Heritage: https://softwareheritage.org/Archive: https://archive.softwareheritage.org/==========Support The Show==========► Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/brodierobertson► Paypal: https://www.paypal.me/BrodieRobertsonVideo► Amazon USA: https://amzn.to/3d5gykF► Other Methods: https://cointr.ee/brodierobertson=========Video Platforms==========

Linux preinstalled version of the new Framework Laptop 13 Pro is outselling Windows, Ubuntu 26.04 ships with GNOME 50, kernel 7.0 arrives on the Orion O6 and O6N SBCs, and what if WSL existed in the 90s?Patreon: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/lwdw⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Discord: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://discord.gg/uQVckr5gEZ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TOPICSWSL 9Xhttps://codeberg.org/hails/wsl9xUbuntu 26.04 LTShttps://canonical.com/blog/canonical-releases-ubuntu-26-04-lts-resolute-raccoonFramework Ubuntu > Windowshttps://www.pcmag.com/news/framework-our-linux-laptop-13-pro-is-outselling-the-windows-modelMASSIVE update for the Orion O6 https://interfacinglinux.com/2026/04/27/orion-o6-o6n-debian-13-update-with-kernel-7-0-and-npu-vpu-support/Timestamps:00:00 Intro 01:06 Debian senior moment 09:24 WSL for Windows 9511:59 New Ubuntu LTS20:43 Framework sells more Linux vs Windows 28:51 BIG updates for the Orion O6

** Episodio 143** - Puntata Live in streaming (registrazione audio): installiamo Debian. In questo episodio Ribby, Matteo e Stefano si sono trovati in live per installare una delle ultime distro di Linux Debian per vedere quali sono i vari passaggi che si devono effettuare e dare una mano a chi è alle prime armi con questo sistema operativo Open Source.Ti auguriamo quindi un buon ascolto e ti ricordiamo che puoi sostenerci su: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://it.tipeee.com/produttividigitali⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠--***--Per ascoltare la puntata e per altri link vai su: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://produttividigitali.it/librepodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@produttividigitali/podcasts⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠--***--Se anche tu vuoi dire la tua su quello che condividiamo, puoi scriverci qui: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠telegram.me/librepodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ #librepodcast:matrix.org email: librepodcastinfo@gmail.comFirma la petizione per la tua privacy su: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://stopscanningme.eu/en/index.html⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Vi ricordiamo che potete ascoltarci anche su Radio Tomoko (⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.radiotomoko.com/librepodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠) che ringraziamo sempre tantissimo per ritrasmetterci e anche su Telegram nel canale gestito da Radio Unitoo (⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://t.me/UnitooWebRadio_Podcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠) che ringraziamo ulteriormente per il supporto.---E ricordatevi di sostenere anche @devol@mastodon.uno che mantiene Castopod.it e tanti altri podcast. Offri loro un caffè: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://ko-fi.com/devo⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠l.Intro & background musicChronos - Alexander Nakarada⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠FreePD.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ - 100% Free MusicFree for Commercial Use, Free Of Royalties, Free Of Attribution, Creative Commons 0Outro: Uberpunch by Alexander Nakarada |Music promoted by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.free-stock-music.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Creative Commons / Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

The new Leader of Debian Linux, Sruthi Chandran, beat her only opponent, the aptly named "None of the above", on a "Diversity" and "Less (cis)male" platform.More from The Lunduke Journal:https://lunduke.com/ This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lunduke.substack.com/subscribe

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. This series is dedicated to exploring little-known—and occasionally useful—trinkets lurking in the dusty corners of UNIX-like operating systems. When you think about creating and managing archives on a UNIX system, tar is probably the utility that comes to mind. But this was not the first archiving program; ar was in First Edition UNIX 1 and cpio also pre-dates it, sort of 2 . According to the NetBSD manual page, cpio was developed within AT&T before tar , but did not get widely released until System III UNIX after tar was already well known from the earlier release of Seventh Edition UNIX (a.k.a. Version 7). You might think that ar and cpio are old and irrelevant these days, but these formats do live on. Each Debian package file 3 is an ar archive which in turn contains two tar files. On Red Hat, Fedora, SUSE, and some other distributions, each .rpm package file 4 contains a cpio payload. So these may very well still be in use on your modern Linux system. But let's get back to the subject of what you might want to use to create archives today. The tar utility has persisted in its popularity over the decades, and you most probably have a version installed on your UNIX-like systems. One of the problems with tar , however, is that it has not kept a consistent file format. Also, different implementations have used differing syntax at times. There are excellent reasons for the file format changing 5 . The names people give files have gotten longer over time, and the original Seventh Edition tar format could only handle a total pathname length of 100 bytes for each archive member. In addition, filenames were in ASCII format, and modern filesystems now accommodate richer encodings with characters that aren't in ASCII. The size of each archive member was limited to 8 gigabytes—unthinkably large back then, but not so big these days. User and group ownership could only be specified by numeric ID, which can vary from one system to another. Many other types of files and information simply couldn't be stored: block and character device nodes, FIFOs, sockets, extended attributes, access control lists, and SELinux contexts. As a result, the tar format had to evolve over the years. One important version was the ustar format, created for the 1988 POSIX standard. The POSIX committee wanted to try standardizing both the file format and syntax for the tar command. While the ustar format addressed some shortcomings, progress marched on. Filesystems started allowing filenames in different character sets and more types of information to be attached to files, so for the 2001 revision of POSIX they gave up on standardizing the tar utility and came up with a new format and utility, which is our actual UNIX Curio for this episode: pax 6 . Since the pax program didn't have historical baggage, they could specify its options, behavior, and file format and be sure everyone's implementation would match. Developers of different tar implementations had been reluctant to change away from their historical option syntax to the standard. The pax utility was also an attempt to avoid taking sides between those who advocated for tar and fans of cpio . The pax file format was an extension of ustar with the ability to add arbitrary new attributes tied to each archive member as UTF-8 Unicode. Some of these attribute names were standardized, but implementers could also define their own, making the format more future-proof. Older versions of tar that could handle the ustar format should still be able to process pax archives, but might not know what to do with the extra attributes. GNU tar developed its current archive format 7 alongside the standardization of the ustar format. The GNU format was based on an early draft which later underwent incompatible changes, so the two unfortunately are not interchangable. Unlike ustar , the GNU format has no limits on the size of files or the length of their names. In addition to its own format, GNU tar is able to detect and correctly process both ustar and pax archives. In situations where its native format can't store necessary information about a file (such as POSIX access control lists or extended attributes), GNU tar will automatically output the pax format instead (called "posix" in documentation). However, it still uses the GNU format by default, though the documentation has been threatening to move to the POSIX format for at least 20 years 8 . The good news is that the ustar , pax , GNU tar , and Seventh Edition tar formats are well documented and utilities across many UNIX-like systems 2,7,9,10,11 are able to handle these, depending on which formats existed when the utility was developed. While your system may not have pax itself installed, there are other archiving utilities that can read the file format, including GNU tar . (Somewhat amusingly, Debian and some other Free Software operating systems package a pax utility developed by MirBSD 12 which largely follows the POSIX-specified interface, but doesn't support reading or writing archives in pax format!) Look at the manual page for the tar , cpio , or pax utilities on your system to see if they can handle pax archives. Perhaps one aspect that has worked in favor of tar and other UNIX archive formats is that they only concern themselves with storing files and make no attempt at compression. Instead, it is common for a complete archive file to be compressed after creation; many utilities can be told to do this step for you, but it is not typically the default behavior. Therefore, if a better compression method comes along, the archive format doesn't need to change. If you do use compression, be careful to choose a method that is available on the destination system. Compressing files is a big enough subject to deserve its own episode, so we won't talk more about it here. So which format should you use when creating an archive? Unfortunately, there is no single answer that applies in all circumstances. The pax format is supported among modern UNIX-like systems and can represent all types of files and metadata. While other systems, their filesystems, and archive utilities might not be able to properly make use of all the metadata, they should at least be able to extract the data contained in files and, if Unicode is supported, give them appropriate filenames. If you intend to unpack the archive on an older system, more research might be needed to figure out what formats it is able to handle. The Seventh Edition tar format (often called "v7") is widely supported, including by older systems, but has limitations in what it can contain as described earlier. Moving beyond the UNIX world, things get even more complicated. Apple's macOS, with its FreeBSD underpinnings, easily handles tar files. However, when it comes to MS-DOS and Windows, it's a bit different. There, a multitude of archiving programs and formats arose, usually combining archiving with compression. PKZIP was probably the most popular of these and its .zip format became common in many places, helped by the fact that PKWARE openly published the specification. While there is only a single .zip format, it has many options, some proprietary, and different implementations have diverged in the way some aspects are handled (or not handled). An ISO/IEC standard for .zip 13 was published in 2015 giving a baseline profile, and sticking to it produces files that can be widely extracted successfully. Other file formats like OpenDocument use the .zip format and typically hew to the standardized profile. Windows' File Explorer, starting with Windows XP, can natively extract .zip files 14 . The Info-ZIP program 15 is a Free Software implementation for a wide variety of systems (even rather obscure ones); while it might not be installed on yours, if you're copying the archive file over, you can probably copy over its unzip utility at the same time to unpack it. So .zip probably has the broadest support, although it might not already be present on every system. However, as Klaatu points out in Hacker Public Radio episode 4557 16 , .zip files and applications handling them aren't always great at maintaining metadata about files. The .zip format doesn't seem to have any way to represent UNIX file permissions, and user/group ownership can only be included as numeric IDs. Other types of metadata on UNIX-like systems are not saved at all. This is probably not a problem in some cases, such as with a collection of photos, but for others it might be a concern. While pax as a utility does not seem to have gained much popularity or support, except on commercial UNIX systems where including it was required to conform to the POSIX standard, its file format has persisted. Free Software systems have generally avoided the pax interface, preferring to stick with the tar utility on the command line, but usually have good support for archive files in the pax format. Outside of UNIX-like systems, .zip seems to have become the most common file format, and support for it is also good in the UNIX world, though it might not be built in. References: Archive (library) file format https://man.cat-v.org/unix-1st/5/archive NetBSD 10.0 cpio manual page https://man.netbsd.org/NetBSD-10.0/cpio.1 Debian binary package format https://manpages.debian.org/trixie/dpkg-dev/deb.5.en.html RPM V6 Package format https://rpm.org/docs/6.0.x/manual/format_v6.html NetBSD 10.0 libarchive-formats manual page https://man.netbsd.org/NetBSD-10.0/libarchive-formats.5 Pax specification https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/pax.html GNU tar manual https://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/tar.html GNU tar manual for version 1.15.90 https://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/*checkout*/tar/tar/manual/tar.html?revision=1.3 FreeBSD 15.0 libarchive-formats manual page https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive-formats&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+15.0-RELEASE+and+Ports OpenBSD 7.8 tar manual page https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-7.8/tar HP-UX Reference (11i v3 07/02) - 1 User Commands N-Z (vol 2) https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=c01922474&docLocale=en_US MirBSD pax(1) manual page http://www.mirbsd.org/htman/i386/man1/pax.htm#Sh.STANDARDS ISO/IEC 21320-1:2015 Information technology - Document Container File Part 1: Core https://www.iso.org/standard/60101.html Mastering File Compression on Windows https://windowsforum.com/threads/mastering-file-compression-on-windows-how-to-zip-and-unzip-files-effortlessly.369235/ About Info-ZIP https://infozip.sourceforge.net/ HPR4557::Why I prefer tar to zip https://hackerpublicradio.org/eps/hpr4557/index.html Provide feedback on this episode.

First up in the news: Mint Monthly News, March 2026; Major Redesign for Firefox: Chrome getting an upgrade; Debian 13.4; SUSE for sale - again; ASUS says MacBook Neo is “shock”; HBO, Paramount Merge; Xfwl4 coming to XFCE, and more. In security and privacy: Age Verification coming to your Linux PC?; Anthropic turns Claud loose on Firefox code.

This is a recap of the top 10 posts on Hacker News on March 10, 2026. This podcast was generated by wondercraft.ai (00:30): Tony Hoare has diedOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47324054&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(01:54): Online age-verification tools for child safety are surveilling adultsOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47322635&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(03:19): After outages, Amazon to make senior engineers sign off on AI-assisted changesOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47323017&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(04:44): Meta acquires MoltbookOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47323900&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(06:09): I put my whole life into a single databaseOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47321233&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(07:34): Yann LeCun raises $1B to build AI that understands the physical worldOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47320600&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(08:59): Redox OS has adopted a Certificate of Origin policy and a strict no-LLM policyOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47320661&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(10:24): Show HN: How I topped the HuggingFace open LLM leaderboard on two gaming GPUsOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47322887&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(11:49): Two Years of Emacs SoloOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47317616&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(13:14): Debian decides not to decide on AI-generated contributionsOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47324087&utm_source=wondercraft_aiThis is a third-party project, independent from HN and YC. Text and audio generated using AI, by wondercraft.ai. Create your own studio quality podcast with text as the only input in seconds at app.wondercraft.ai. Issues or feedback? We'd love to hear from you: team@wondercraft.ai

This week, there's more age verification fallout, everybody hates Ubuntu, and Wine releases 11.4. Linux From Scratch goes SystemD, Gnome is testing version 50, and Debian released a community update. Armbian releases 26.2, EA teases Linux Anti-Cheat for Linux, and Firefox Nova leaks as the visual Firefox refresh. For tips, we have Waydroid for Android on Linux, --follow for journalctl parsing, MusicBrainz Picard for managing tagging, and then a quick primer on Block and Character devices. You can see the show notes at https://bit.ly/4rZmDWd and have a great week! Host: Jonathan Bennett Co-Hosts: Jeff Massie, Ken McDonald, and Rob Campbell Download or subscribe to Untitled Linux Show at https://twit.tv/shows/untitled-linux-show Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free audio and video feeds, a members-only Discord, and exclusive content. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Club TWiT members can discuss this episode and leave feedback in the Club TWiT Discord.

This week, there's more age verification fallout, everybody hates Ubuntu, and Wine releases 11.4. Linux From Scratch goes SystemD, Gnome is testing version 50, and Debian released a community update. Armbian releases 26.2, EA teases Linux Anti-Cheat for Linux, and Firefox Nova leaks as the visual Firefox refresh. For tips, we have Waydroid for Android on Linux, --follow for journalctl parsing, MusicBrainz Picard for managing tagging, and then a quick primer on Block and Character devices. You can see the show notes at https://bit.ly/4rZmDWd and have a great week! Host: Jonathan Bennett Co-Hosts: Jeff Massie, Ken McDonald, and Rob Campbell Download or subscribe to Untitled Linux Show at https://twit.tv/shows/untitled-linux-show Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free audio and video feeds, a members-only Discord, and exclusive content. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Club TWiT members can discuss this episode and leave feedback in the Club TWiT Discord.

Dans l'actu des nouvelles technologies et de l'accessibilité cette semaine : Du côté des applications et du web Sortie de SuperNova Version 25, nouveautés. Paper2Audio - appli Android pour convertir du texte en voix HQ pour la lecture. Version iPhone. Firefox V148 : Prise en charge améliorée des lecteurs d'écran lors de la lecture de formules mathématiques dans des documents PDF intégrés. Emmabuntüs renforce l'accessibilité avec les versions Debian Édition 6 1.00 et 5 1.05. 2 nouveautés pour VoiceOver dans la version 26.4 beta 2 d'iOS. Visual Intelligence : comment Apple dessine sa nouvelle stratégie IA. Vision artificielle et compréhension des interface - Ferret-UI Lite, le modèle IA local d'Apple qui écrase des rivaux 24 fois plus gros. Théâtre Mogador de Paris, des outils numériques pour les DV. Astuce de François pour WhatsApp version iOS : ajouter des contacts au carnet d'adresse. L'accessibilité de l'application Mail d'Orange s'est très fortement dégradée. Le reste de l'actu Samsung présente les Galaxy S26, S26+ et S26 Ultra : voici les 3 grandes nouveautés. Foire Aux Questions Cette semaine une question de Anne-Sophie à propos de l'inaccessibilité de Pronote et Skolengo. Association APIDV. Remerciements Cette semaine, nous remercions Anne-Sophie, Caho97232, Dominique, Nicolas et Vincent pour leurs infos ou leur dons. Si vous souhaitez vous aussi nous envoyer de l'info ou nous soutenir : Pour nous contactez ou nous envoyez des infos, passez par le formulaire de contact sur la page oxytude.org/contact. Pour nous soutenir via Paypal, c'est sur la page paypal.me/oxytude. Pour vos achats sur Amazon, passez par notre lien affilié oxytude.org/amazon.. Pour animer cet épisode Cédric, François et Philippe.

The news this week highlights shifts in Linux from multiple angles. What's evolving, why it matters, and that moment where the future actually works.Sponsored By:Jupiter Party Annual Membership: Put your support on automatic with our annual plan, and get one month of membership for free! Managed Nebula: Meet Managed Nebula from Defined Networking. A decentralized VPN built on the open-source Nebula platform that we love. Support LINUX UnpluggedLinks:

This week, we start by talking about the Raspberry Pi memory price increases and bemoan that it's a tough time to be an enthusiast. Then we help ourselves feel better by covering all the new Betas and releases of our favorite software. There's a new LibreOffice, a look ahead at GIMP 3.2, and the Krita 6 Beta. Toyota has announced Flourite, a new game engine written in Flutter and Dart. And Ardour 9 and Shotcut 26.1 are out. We talk Debian, and spend some time looking at how AI has changed the Open Source landscape. For tips, there's another look at systemd-analyze and then a quick intro to gpioget for reading gpio lines. You can find the show notes at https://bit.ly/4r3PmZn and have a great week! Host: Jonathan Bennett Co-Host: Ken McDonald Download or subscribe to Untitled Linux Show at https://twit.tv/shows/untitled-linux-show Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free audio and video feeds, a members-only Discord, and exclusive content. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Club TWiT members can discuss this episode and leave feedback in the Club TWiT Discord.

video: https://youtu.be/kV1QcpVhQqE Download as MP3 Support the Show Become a Patron = tuxdigital.com/membership Store = tuxdigital.com/store Chapters: 00:00 Intro 00:37 Ubuntu 26.04 & 24.04.4 Updates 05:10 LibreOffice 26.2 Released 07:06 Debian AI Bot & LLM Scraping Issues 09:40 Sandfly Security, agentless Linux security 11:07 NVIDIA GeForce NOW Is Now Available Natively On Linux In Flatpak Form 13:45 Systemd Founder Lennart Poettering Announces Amutable Company 16:00 Origami Linux February 2026 Update 18:45 MocaccinoOS 26.02 Released 22:00 Potential openSUSE Governance Changes 23:53 Outro Links: Ubuntu 26.04 & 24.04.4 Updates https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/26-04-resolute-raccoon-kernel-schedule/75827 https://www.phoronix.com/news/Ubuntu-26.04-LTS-Linux-Commit https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2026/02/ubuntu-24-04-4-lts-hwe-now-available https://9to5linux.com/ubuntu-24-04-lts-users-get-linux-6-17-and-mesa-25-2-ahead-of-ubuntu-24-04-4-lts LibreOffice 26.2 Released https://blog.documentfoundation.org/blog/2026/02/04/libreoffice-26-2-is-here/ https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/ReleaseNotes/26.2 https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2026/02/libreoffice-26-2-new-features https://www.phoronix.com/news/LibreOffice-26.2-Released https://9to5linux.com/libreoffice-26-2-open-source-office-suite-officially-released-this-is-whats-new https://itsfoss.com/news/libreoffice-26-2-release/ https://lwn.net/Articles/1057256/ Debian AI Bot & LLM Scraping Issues https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2026/02/msg00001.html https://www.phoronix.com/news/Debian-CI-LLM-Restrictions Sandfly Security, agentless Linux security https://thisweekinlinux.com/sandfly NVIDIA GeForce NOW Is Now Available Natively On Linux In Flatpak Form https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/geforce-now-thursday-linux/?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://www.phoronix.com/review/nvidia-geforce-now-linux https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2026/01/the-native-linux-app-for-nvidia-geforce-now-is-now-in-beta/ Systemd Founder Lennart Poettering Announces Amutable Company https://amutable.com/ https://www.phoronix.com/news/Amutable https://itsfoss.com/news/amutable-linux-security/ https://www.theregister.com/2026/01/29/lennart_poettering_quits_microsoft/ https://www.zdnet.com/article/linux-and-open-source-2026-predictions/ Origami Linux February 2026 Update https://origami.wf/ https://www.zdnet.com/article/origami-linux-cosmic-desktop-immutable-fedora-base/ MocaccinoOS 26.02 Released https://www.mocaccino.org/ https://www.mocaccino.org/blog/2026/02/02/mocaccinoos-v26.02/ Potential openSUSE Governance Changes https://lists.opensuse.org/archives/list/project@lists.opensuse.org/thread/YKI5QVMT66WMZLOPTCQOEQZPTEWPDIBV/ https://linuxiac.com/suse-vp-jeff-mahoney-publishes-draft-governance-proposal-for-opensuse/ https://lwn.net/ml/all/570f67b7-bd58-41cb-8027-3eec220752b5@suse.com/ Support the show https://tuxdigital.com/membership https://store.tuxdigital.com/

This week, we start by talking about the Raspberry Pi memory price increases and bemoan that it's a tough time to be an enthusiast. Then we help ourselves feel better by covering all the new Betas and releases of our favorite software. There's a new LibreOffice, a look ahead at GIMP 3.2, and the Krita 6 Beta. Toyota has announced Flourite, a new game engine written in Flutter and Dart. And Ardour 9 and Shotcut 26.1 are out. We talk Debian, and spend some time looking at how AI has changed the Open Source landscape. For tips, there's another look at systemd-analyze and then a quick intro to gpioget for reading gpio lines. You can find the show notes at https://bit.ly/4r3PmZn and have a great week! Host: Jonathan Bennett Co-Host: Ken McDonald Download or subscribe to Untitled Linux Show at https://twit.tv/shows/untitled-linux-show Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free audio and video feeds, a members-only Discord, and exclusive content. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Club TWiT members can discuss this episode and leave feedback in the Club TWiT Discord.

In this episode of the Prodcast, guest Shannon Neufeld-Brady speaks with hosts Jordan Greenberg and Florian Rathgeber about managing Google's vast fleet of internal devices. Shannon explains how Google's Linux platform uses core SRE principles—specifically testing, canarying, and monitoring—for weekly stage rollouts of its Debian-based distribution. Configuration is efficiently managed using Puppet to ensure the right setup for a diverse user base. The conversation pivots to "the year of Linux everything," underscoring its widespread adoption. Discussing AI, Shannon identifies its greatest utility for SREs in rapidly analyzing signals and generating complex queries to resolve outages. This episode reinforces that practicing SRE fundamentals is paramount, demonstrating that you can be an SRE at heart, regardless of your official title.

De retour à cinq dans l'épisode, les cast codeurs démarrent cette année avec un gros épisode pleins de news et d'articles de fond. IA bien sûr, son impact sur les pratiques, Mockito qui tourne un page, du CSS (et oui), sur le (non) mapping d'APIs REST en MCP et d'une palanquée d'outils pour vous. Enregistré le 9 janvier 2026 Téléchargement de l'épisode LesCastCodeurs-Episode-335.mp3 ou en vidéo sur YouTube. News Langages 2026 sera-t'elle l'année de Java dans le terminal ? (j'ai ouïe dire que ça se pourrait bien…) https://xam.dk/blog/lets-make-2026-the-year-of-java-in-the-terminal/ 2026: Année de Java dans le terminal, pour rattraper son retard sur Python, Rust, Go et Node.js. Java est sous-estimé pour les applications CLI et les TUIs (interfaces utilisateur terminales) malgré ses capacités. Les anciennes excuses (démarrage lent, outillage lourd, verbosité, distribution complexe) sont obsolètes grâce aux avancées récentes : GraalVM Native Image pour un démarrage en millisecondes. JBang pour l'exécution simplifiée de scripts Java (fichiers uniques, dépendances) et de JARs. JReleaser pour l'automatisation de la distribution multi-plateforme (Homebrew, SDKMAN, Docker, images natives). Project Loom pour la concurrence facile avec les threads virtuels. PicoCLI pour la gestion des arguments. Le potentiel va au-delà des scripts : création de TUIs complètes et esthétiques (ex: dashboards, gestionnaires de fichiers, assistants IA). Excuses caduques : démarrage rapide (GraalVM), légèreté (JBang), distribution simple (JReleaser), concurrence (Loom). Potentiel : créer des applications TUI riches et esthétiques. Sortie de Ruby 4.0.0 https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/12/25/ruby-4-0-0-released/ Ruby Box (expérimental) : Une nouvelle fonctionnalité permettant d'isoler les définitions (classes, modules, monkey patches) dans des boîtes séparées pour éviter les conflits globaux. ZJIT : Un nouveau compilateur JIT de nouvelle génération développé en Rust, visant à surpasser YJIT à terme (actuellement en phase expérimentale). Améliorations de Ractor : Introduction de Ractor::Port pour une meilleure communication entre Ractors et optimisation des structures internes pour réduire les contentions de verrou global. Changements syntaxiques : Les opérateurs logiques (||, &&, and, or) en début de ligne permettent désormais de continuer la ligne précédente, facilitant le style "fluent". Classes Core : Set et Pathname deviennent des classes intégrées (Core) au lieu d'être dans la bibliothèque standard. Diagnostics améliorés : Les erreurs d'arguments (ArgumentError) affichent désormais des extraits de code pour l'appelant ET la définition de la méthode. Performances : Optimisation de Class#new, accès plus rapide aux variables d'instance et améliorations significatives du ramasse-miettes (GC). Nettoyage : Suppression de comportements obsolètes (comme la création de processus via IO.open avec |) et mise à jour vers Unicode 17.0. Librairies Introduction pour créer une appli multi-tenant avec Quarkus et http://nip.io|nip.io https://www.the-main-thread.com/p/quarkus-multi-tenant-api-nipio-tutorial Construction d'une API REST multi-tenant en Quarkus avec isolation par sous-domaine Utilisation de http://nip.io|nip.io pour la résolution DNS automatique sans configuration locale Extraction du tenant depuis l'en-tête HTTP Host via un filtre JAX-RS Contexte tenant géré avec CDI en scope Request pour l'isolation des données Service applicatif gérant des données spécifiques par tenant avec Map concurrent Interface web HTML/JS pour visualiser et ajouter des données par tenant Configuration CORS nécessaire pour le développement local Pattern acme.127-0-0-1.nip.io résolu automatiquement vers localhost Code complet disponible sur GitHub avec exemples curl et tests navigateur Base idéale pour prototypage SaaS, tests multi-tenants Hibernate 7.2 avec quelques améliorations intéressantes https://docs.hibernate.org/orm/7.2/whats-new/%7Bhtml-meta-canonical-link%7D read only replica (experimental), crée deux session factories et swap au niveau jdbc si le driver le supporte et custom sinon. On ouvre une session en read only child statelesssession (partage le contexte transactionnel) hibernate vector module ajouter binary, float16 and sparse vectors Le SchemaManager peut resynchroniser les séquences par rapport aux données des tables Regexp dans HQL avec like Nouvelle version de Hibernate with Panache pour Quarkus https://quarkus.io/blog/hibernate-panache-next/ Nouvelle extension expérimentale qui unifie Hibernate ORM with Panache et Hibernate Reactive with Panache Les entités peuvent désormais fonctionner en mode bloquant ou réactif sans changer de type de base Support des sessions sans état (StatelessSession) en plus des entités gérées traditionnelles Intégration de Jakarta Data pour des requêtes type-safe vérifiées à la compilation Les opérations sont définies dans des repositories imbriqués plutôt que des méthodes statiques Possibilité de définir plusieurs repositories pour différents modes d'opération sur une même entité Accès aux différents modes (bloquant/réactif, géré/sans état) via des méthodes de supertype Support des annotations @Find et @HQL pour générer des requêtes type-safe Accès au repository via injection ou via le métamodèle généré Extension disponible dans la branche main, feedback demandé sur Zulip ou GitHub Spring Shell 4.0.0 GA publié - https://spring.io/blog/2025/12/30/spring-shell-4-0-0-ga-released Sortie de la version finale de Spring Shell 4.0.0 disponible sur Maven Central Compatible avec les dernières versions de Spring Framework et Spring Boot Modèle de commandes revu pour simplifier la création d'applications CLI interactives Intégration de jSpecify pour améliorer la sécurité contre les NullPointerException Architecture plus modulaire permettant meilleure personnalisation et extension Documentation et exemples entièrement mis à jour pour faciliter la prise en main Guide de migration vers la v4 disponible sur le wiki du projet Corrections de bugs pour améliorer la stabilité et la fiabilité Permet de créer des applications Java autonomes exécutables avec java -jar ou GraalVM native Approche opinionnée du développement CLI tout en restant flexible pour les besoins spécifiques Une nouvelle version de la librairie qui implémenter des gatherers supplémentaires à ceux du JDK https://github.com/tginsberg/gatherers4j/releases/tag/v0.13.0 gatherers4j v0.13.0. Nouveaux gatherers : uniquelyOccurringBy(), moving/runningMedian(), moving/runningMax/Min(). Changement : les gatherers "moving" incluent désormais par défaut les valeurs partielles (utiliser excludePartialValues() pour désactiver). LangChain4j 1.10.0 https://github.com/langchain4j/langchain4j/releases/tag/1.10.0 Introduction d'un catalogue de modèles pour Anthropic, Gemini, OpenAI et Mistral. Ajout de capacités d'observabilité et de monitoring pour les agents. Support des sorties structurées, des outils avancés et de l'analyse de PDF via URL pour Anthropic. Support des services de transcription pour OpenAI. Possibilité de passer des paramètres de configuration de chat en argument des méthodes. Nouveau garde-fou de modération pour les messages entrants. Support du contenu de raisonnement pour les modèles. Introduction de la recherche hybride. Améliorations du client MCP. Départ du lead de mockito après 10 ans https://github.com/mockito/mockito/issues/3777 Tim van der Lippe, mainteneur majeur de Mockito, annonce son départ pour mars 2026, marquant une décennie de contribution au projet. L'une des raisons principales est l'épuisement lié aux changements récents dans la JVM (JVM 22+) concernant les agents, imposant des contraintes techniques lourdes sans alternative simple proposée par les mainteneurs du JDK. Il pointe du doigt le manque de soutien et la pression exercée sur les bénévoles de l'open source lors de ces transitions technologiques majeures. La complexité croissante pour supporter Kotlin, qui utilise la JVM de manière spécifique, rend la base de code de Mockito plus difficile à maintenir et moins agréable à faire évoluer selon lui. Il exprime une perte de plaisir et préfère désormais consacrer son temps libre à d'autres projets comme Servo, un moteur web écrit en Rust. Une période de transition est prévue jusqu'en mars pour assurer la passation de la maintenance à de nouveaux contributeurs. Infrastructure Le premier intérêt de Kubernetes n'est pas le scaling - https://mcorbin.fr/posts/2025-12-29-kubernetes-scale/ Avant Kubernetes, gérer des applications en production nécessitait de multiples outils complexes (Ansible, Puppet, Chef) avec beaucoup de configuration manuelle Le load balancing se faisait avec HAProxy et Keepalived en actif/passif, nécessitant des mises à jour manuelles de configuration à chaque changement d'instance Le service discovery et les rollouts étaient orchestrés manuellement, instance par instance, sans automatisation de la réconciliation Chaque stack (Java, Python, Ruby) avait sa propre méthode de déploiement, sans standardisation (rpm, deb, tar.gz, jar) La gestion des ressources était manuelle avec souvent une application par machine, créant du gaspillage et complexifiant la maintenance Kubernetes standardise tout en quelques ressources YAML (Deployment, Service, Ingress, ConfigMap, Secret) avec un format déclaratif simple Toutes les fonctionnalités critiques sont intégrées : service discovery, load balancing, scaling, stockage, firewalling, logging, tolérance aux pannes La complexité des centaines de scripts shell et playbooks Ansible maintenus avant était supérieure à celle de Kubernetes Kubernetes devient pertinent dès qu'on commence à reconstruire manuellement ces fonctionnalités, ce qui arrive très rapidement La technologie est flexible et peut gérer aussi bien des applications modernes que des monolithes legacy avec des contraintes spécifiques Mole https://github.com/tw93/Mole Un outil en ligne de commande (CLI) tout-en-un pour nettoyer et optimiser macOS. Combine les fonctionnalités de logiciels populaires comme CleanMyMac, AppCleaner, DaisyDisk et iStat Menus. Analyse et supprime en profondeur les caches, les fichiers logs et les résidus de navigateurs. Désinstallateur intelligent qui retire proprement les applications et leurs fichiers cachés (Launch Agents, préférences). Analyseur d'espace disque interactif pour visualiser l'occupation des fichiers et gérer les documents volumineux. Tableau de bord temps réel (mo status) pour surveiller le CPU, le GPU, la mémoire et le réseau. Fonction de purge spécifique pour les développeurs permettant de supprimer les artefacts de build (node_modules, target, etc.). Intégration possible avec Raycast ou Alfred pour un lancement rapide des commandes. Installation simple via Homebrew ou un script curl. Des images Docker sécurisées pour chaque développeur https://www.docker.com/blog/docker-hardened-images-for-every-developer/ Docker rend ses "Hardened Images" (DHI) gratuites et open source (licence Apache 2.0) pour tous les développeurs. Ces images sont conçues pour être minimales, prêtes pour la production et sécurisées dès le départ afin de lutter contre l'explosion des attaques sur la chaîne logistique logicielle. Elles s'appuient sur des bases familières comme Alpine et Debian, garantissant une compatibilité élevée et une migration facile. Chaque image inclut un SBOM (Software Bill of Materials) complet et vérifiable, ainsi qu'une provenance SLSA de niveau 3 pour une transparence totale. L'utilisation de ces images permet de réduire considérablement le nombre de vulnérabilités (CVE) et la taille des images (jusqu'à 95 % plus petites). Docker étend cette approche sécurisée aux graphiques Helm et aux serveurs MCP (Mongo, Grafana, GitHub, etc.). Des offres commerciales (DHI Enterprise) restent disponibles pour des besoins spécifiques : correctifs critiques sous 7 jours, support FIPS/FedRAMP ou support à cycle de vie étendu (ELS). Un assistant IA expérimental de Docker peut analyser les conteneurs existants pour recommander l'adoption des versions sécurisées correspondantes. L'initiative est soutenue par des partenaires majeurs tels que Google, MongoDB, Snyk et la CNCF. Web La maçonnerie ("masonry") arrive dans la spécification des CSS et commence à être implémentée par les navigateurs https://webkit.org/blog/17660/introducing-css-grid-lanes/ Permet de mettre en colonne des éléments HTML les uns à la suite des autres. D'abord sur la première ligne, et quand la première ligne est remplie, le prochain élément se trouvera dans la colonne où il pourra être le plus haut possible, et ainsi de suite. après la plomberie du middleware, la maçonnerie du front :laughing: Data et Intelligence Artificielle On ne devrait pas faire un mapping 1:1 entre API REST et MCP https://nordicapis.com/why-mcp-shouldnt-wrap-an-api-one-to-one/ Problématique : Envelopper une API telle quelle dans le protocole MCP (Model Context Protocol) est un anti-pattern. Objectif du MCP : Conçu pour les agents d'IA, il doit servir d'interface d'intention, non de miroir d'API. Les agents comprennent les tâches, pas la logique complexe des API (authentification, pagination, orchestration). Conséquences du mappage un-à-un : Confusion des agents, erreurs, hallucinations. Difficulté à gérer les orchestrations complexes (plusieurs appels pour une seule action). Exposition des faiblesses de l'API (schéma lourd, endpoints obsolètes). Maintenance accrue lors des changements d'API. Meilleure approche : Construire des outils MCP comme des SDK pour agents, encapsulant la logique nécessaire pour accomplir une tâche spécifique. Pratiques recommandées : Concevoir autour des intentions/actions utilisateur (ex. : "créer un projet", "résumer un document"). Regrouper les appels en workflows ou actions uniques. Utiliser un langage naturel pour les définitions et les noms. Limiter la surface d'exposition de l'API pour la sécurité et la clarté. Appliquer des schémas d'entrée/sortie stricts pour guider l'agent et réduire l'ambiguïté. Des agents en production avec AWS - https://blog.ippon.fr/2025/12/22/des-agents-en-production-avec-aws/ AWS re:Invent 2025 a massivement mis en avant l'IA générative et les agents IA Un agent IA combine un LLM, une boucle d'appel et des outils invocables Strands Agents SDK facilite le prototypage avec boucles ReAct intégrées et gestion de la mémoire Managed MLflow permet de tracer les expérimentations et définir des métriques de performance Nova Forge optimise les modèles par réentraînement sur données spécifiques pour réduire coûts et latence Bedrock Agent Core industrialise le déploiement avec runtime serverless et auto-scaling Agent Core propose neuf piliers dont observabilité, authentification, code interpreter et browser managé Le protocole MCP d'Anthropic standardise la fourniture d'outils aux agents SageMaker AI et Bedrock centralisent l'accès aux modèles closed source et open source via API unique AWS mise sur l'évolution des chatbots vers des systèmes agentiques optimisés avec modèles plus frugaux Debezium 3.4 amène plusieurs améliorations intéressantes https://debezium.io/blog/2025/12/16/debezium-3-4-final-released/ Correction du problème de calcul du low watermark Oracle qui causait des pertes de performance Correction de l'émission des événements heartbeat dans le connecteur Oracle avec les requêtes CTE Amélioration des logs pour comprendre les transactions actives dans le connecteur Oracle Memory guards pour protéger contre les schémas de base de données de grande taille Support de la transformation des coordonnées géométriques pour une meilleure gestion des données spatiales Extension Quarkus DevServices permettant de démarrer automatiquement une base de données et Debezium en dev Intégration OpenLineage pour tracer la lignée des données et suivre leur flux à travers les pipelines Compatibilité testée avec Kafka Connect 4.1 et Kafka brokers 4.1 Infinispan 16.0.4 et .5 https://infinispan.org/blog/2025/12/17/infinispan-16-0-4 Spring Boot 4 et Spring 7 supportés Evolution dans les metriques Deux bugs de serialisation Construire un agent de recherche en Java avec l'API Interactions https://glaforge.dev/posts/2026/01/03/building-a-research-assistant-with-the-interactions-api-in-java/ Assistant de recherche IA Java (API Interactions Gemini), test du SDK implémenté par Guillaume. Workflow en 4 phases : Planification : Gemini Flash + Google Search. Recherche : Modèle "Deep Research" (tâche de fond). Synthèse : Gemini Pro (rapport exécutif). Infographie : Nano Banana Pro (à partir de la synthèse). API Interactions : gestion d'état serveur, tâches en arrière-plan, réponses multimodales (images). Appréciation : gestion d'état de l'API (vs LLM sans état). Validation : efficacité du SDK Java pour cas complexes. Stephan Janssen (le papa de Devoxx) a créé un serveur MCP (Model Context Protocol) basé sur LSP (Language Server Protocol) pour que les assistants de code analysent le code en le comprenant vraiment plutôt qu'en faisant des grep https://github.com/stephanj/LSP4J-MCP Le problème identifié : Les assistants IA utilisent souvent la recherche textuelle (type grep) pour naviguer dans le code, ce qui manque de contexte sémantique, génère du bruit (faux positifs) et consomme énormément de tokens inutilement. La solution LSP4J-MCP : Une approche "standalone" (autonome) qui encapsule le serveur de langage Eclipse (JDTLS) via le protocole MCP (Model Context Protocol). Avantage principal : Offre une compréhension sémantique profonde du code Java (types, hiérarchies, références) sans nécessiter l'ouverture d'un IDE lourd comme IntelliJ. Comparaison des méthodes : AST : Trop léger (pas de compréhension inter-fichiers). IntelliJ MCP : Puissant mais exige que l'IDE soit ouvert (gourmand en ressources). LSP4J-MCP : Le meilleur des deux mondes pour les workflows en terminal, à distance (SSH) ou CI/CD. Fonctionnalités clés : Expose 5 outils pour l'IA (find_symbols, find_references, find_definition, document_symbols, find_interfaces_with_method). Résultats : Une réduction de 100x des tokens utilisés pour la navigation et une précision accrue (distinction des surcharges, des scopes, etc.). Disponibilité : Le projet est open source et disponible sur GitHub pour intégration immédiate (ex: avec Claude Code, Gemini CLI, etc). A noter l'ajout dans claude code 2.0.74 d'un tool pour supporter LSP ( https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md#2074 ) Awesome (GitHub) Copilot https://github.com/github/awesome-copilot Une collection communautaire d'instructions, de prompts et de configurations pour optimiser l'utilisation de GitHub Copilot. Propose des "Agents" spécialisés qui s'intègrent aux serveurs MCP pour améliorer les flux de travail spécifiques. Inclut des prompts ciblés pour la génération de code, la documentation et la résolution de problèmes complexes. Fournit des instructions détaillées sur les standards de codage et les meilleures pratiques applicables à divers frameworks. Propose des "Skills" (compétences) sous forme de dossiers contenant des ressources pour des tâches techniques spécialisées. (les skills sont dispo dans copilot depuis un mois : https://github.blog/changelog/2025-12-18-github-copilot-now-supports-agent-skills/ ) Permet une installation facile via un serveur MCP dédié, compatible avec VS Code et Visual Studio. Encourage la contribution communautaire pour enrichir les bibliothèques de prompts et d'agents. Aide à augmenter la productivité en offrant des solutions pré-configurées pour de nombreux langages et domaines. Garanti par une licence MIT et maintenu activement par des contributeurs du monde entier. IA et productivité : bilan de l'année 2025 (Laura Tacho - DX)) https://newsletter.getdx.com/p/ai-and-productivity-year-in-review?aid=recNfypKAanQrKszT En 2025, l'ingénierie assistée par l'IA est devenue la norme : environ 90 % des développeurs utilisent des outils d'IA mensuellement, et plus de 40 % quotidiennement. Les chercheurs (Microsoft, Google, GitHub) soulignent que le nombre de lignes de code (LOC) reste un mauvais indicateur d'impact, car l'IA génère beaucoup de code sans forcément garantir une valeur métier supérieure. Si l'IA améliore l'efficacité individuelle, elle pourrait nuire à la collaboration à long terme, car les développeurs passent plus de temps à "parler" à l'IA qu'à leurs collègues. L'identité du développeur évolue : il passe de "producteur de code" à un rôle de "metteur en scène" qui délègue, valide et exerce son jugement stratégique. L'IA pourrait accélérer la montée en compétences des développeurs juniors en les forçant à gérer des projets et à déléguer plus tôt, agissant comme un "accélérateur" plutôt que de les rendre obsolètes. L'accent est mis sur la créativité plutôt que sur la simple automatisation, afin de réimaginer la manière de travailler et d'obtenir des résultats plus impactants. Le succès en 2026 dépendra de la capacité des entreprises à cibler les goulots d'étranglement réels (dette technique, documentation, conformité) plutôt que de tester simplement chaque nouveau modèle d'IA. La newsletter avertit que les titres de presse simplifient souvent à l'excès les recherches sur l'IA, masquant parfois les nuances cruciales des études réelles. Un développeur décrit dans un article sur Twitter son utilisation avancée de Claude Code pour le développement, avec des sous-agents, des slash-commands, comment optimiser le contexte, etc. https://x.com/AureaLibe/status/2008958120878330329?s=20 Outillage IntelliJ IDEA, thread dumps et project Loom (virtual threads) - https://blog.jetbrains.com/idea/2025/12/thread-dumps-and-project-loom-virtual-threads/ Les virtual threads Java améliorent l'utilisation du matériel pour les opérations I/O parallèles avec peu de changements de code Un serveur peut maintenant gérer des millions de threads au lieu de quelques centaines Les outils existants peinent à afficher et analyser des millions de threads simultanément Le débogage asynchrone est complexe car le scheduler et le worker s'exécutent dans des threads différents Les thread dumps restent essentiels pour diagnostiquer deadlocks, UI bloquées et fuites de threads Netflix a découvert un deadlock lié aux virtual threads en analysant un heap dump, bug corrigé dans Java 25. Mais c'était de la haute voltige IntelliJ IDEA supporte nativement les virtual threads dès leur sortie avec affichage des locks acquis IntelliJ IDEA peut ouvrir des thread dumps générés par d'autres outils comme jcmd Le support s'étend aussi aux coroutines Kotlin en plus des virtual threads Quelques infos sur IntelliJ IDEA 2025.3 https://blog.jetbrains.com/idea/2025/12/intellij-idea-2025-3/ Distribution unifiée regroupant davantage de fonctionnalités gratuites Amélioration de la complétion des commandes dans l'IDE Nouvelles fonctionnalités pour le débogueur Spring Thème Islands devient le thème par défaut Support complet de Spring Boot 4 et Spring Framework 7 Compatibilité avec Java 25 Prise en charge de Spring Data JDBC et Vitest 4 Support natif de Junie et Claude Agent pour l'IA Quota d'IA transparent et option Bring Your Own Key à venir Corrections de stabilité, performance et expérience utilisateur Plein de petits outils en ligne pour le développeur https://blgardner.github.io/prism.tools/ génération de mot de passe, de gradient CSS, de QR code encodage décodage de Base64, JWT formattage de JSON, etc. resumectl - Votre CV en tant que code https://juhnny5.github.io/resumectl/ Un outil en ligne de commande (CLI) écrit en Go pour générer un CV à partir d'un fichier YAML. Permet l'exportation vers plusieurs formats : PDF, HTML, ou un affichage direct dans le terminal. Propose 5 thèmes intégrés (Modern, Classic, Minimal, Elegant, Tech) personnalisables avec des couleurs spécifiques. Fonctionnalité d'initialisation (resumectl init) permettant d'importer automatiquement des données depuis LinkedIn et GitHub (projets les plus étoilés). Supporte l'ajout de photos avec des options de filtre noir et blanc ou de forme (rond/carré). Inclut un mode "serveur" (resumectl serve) pour prévisualiser les modifications en temps réel via un navigateur local. Fonctionne comme un binaire unique sans dépendances externes complexes pour les modèles. mactop - Un moniteur "top" pour Apple Silicon https://github.com/metaspartan/mactop Un outil de surveillance en ligne de commande (TUI) conçu spécifiquement pour les puces Apple Silicon (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5). Permet de suivre en temps réel l'utilisation du CPU (E-cores et P-cores), du GPU et de l'ANE (Neural Engine). Affiche la consommation électrique (wattage) du système, du CPU, du GPU et de la DRAM. Fournit des données sur les températures du SoC, les fréquences du GPU et l'état thermique global. Surveille l'utilisation de la mémoire vive, de la swap, ainsi que l'activité réseau et disque (E/S). Propose 10 mises en page (layouts) différentes et plusieurs thèmes de couleurs personnalisables. Ne nécessite pas l'utilisation de sudo car il s'appuie sur les API natives d'Apple (SMC, IOReport, IOKit). Inclut une liste de processus détaillée (similaire à htop) avec la possibilité de tuer des processus directement depuis l'interface. Offre un mode "headless" pour exporter les métriques au format JSON et un serveur optionnel pour Prometheus. Développé en Go avec des composants en CGO et Objective-C. Adieu direnv, Bonjour misehttps://codeka.io/2025/12/19/adieu-direnv-bonjour-mise/ L'auteur remplace ses outils habituels (direnv, asdf, task, just) par un seul outil polyvalent écrit en Rust : mise. mise propose trois fonctions principales : gestionnaire de paquets (langages et outils), gestionnaire de variables d'environnement et exécuteur de tâches. Contrairement à direnv, il permet de gérer des alias et utilise un fichier de configuration structuré (mise.toml) plutôt que du scripting shell. La configuration est hiérarchique, permettant de surcharger les paramètres selon les répertoires, avec un système de "trust" pour la sécurité. Une "killer-feature" soulignée est la gestion des secrets : mise s'intègre avec age pour chiffrer des secrets (via clés SSH) directement dans le fichier de configuration. L'outil supporte une vaste liste de langages et d'outils via un registre interne et des plugins (compatibilité avec l'écosystème asdf). Il simplifie le workflow de développement en regroupant l'installation des outils et l'automatisation des tâches au sein d'un même fichier. L'auteur conclut sur la puissance, la flexibilité et les excellentes performances de l'outil après quelques heures de test. Claude Code v2.1.0 https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md#210 Rechargement à chaud des "skills" : Les modifications apportées aux compétences dans ~/.claude/skills sont désormais appliquées instantanément sans redémarrer la session. Sous-agents et forks : Support de l'exécution de compétences et de commandes slash dans un contexte de sous-agent forké via context: fork. Réglages linguistiques : Ajout d'un paramètre language pour configurer la langue de réponse par défaut (ex: language: "french"). Améliorations du terminal : Shift+Enter fonctionne désormais nativement dans plusieurs terminaux (iTerm2, WezTerm, Ghostty, Kitty) sans configuration manuelle. Sécurité et correction de bugs : Correction d'une faille où des données sensibles (clés API, tokens OAuth) pouvaient apparaître dans les logs de débogage. Nouvelles commandes slash : Ajout de /teleport et /remote-env pour les abonnés claude.ai afin de gérer des sessions distantes. Mode Plan : Le raccourci /plan permet d'activer le mode plan directement depuis le prompt, et la demande de permission à l'entrée de ce mode a été supprimée. Vim et navigation : Ajout de nombreux mouvements Vim (text objects, répétitions de mouvements f/F/t/T, indentations, etc.). Performance : Optimisation du temps de démarrage et du rendu terminal pour les caractères Unicode/Emoji. Gestion du gitignore : Support du réglage respectGitignore dans settings.json pour contrôler le comportement du sélecteur de fichiers @-mention. Méthodologies 200 déploiements en production par jour, même le vendredi : retours d'expérience https://mcorbin.fr/posts/2025-03-21-deploy-200/ Le déploiement fréquent, y compris le vendredi, est un indicateur de maturité technique et augmente la productivité globale. L'excellence technique est un atout stratégique indispensable pour livrer rapidement des produits de qualité. Une architecture pragmatique orientée services (SOA) facilite les déploiements indépendants et réduit la charge cognitive. L'isolation des services est cruciale : un développeur doit pouvoir tester son service localement sans dépendre de toute l'infrastructure. L'automatisation via Kubernetes et l'approche GitOps avec ArgoCD permettent des déploiements continus et sécurisés. Les feature flags et un système de permissions solide permettent de découpler le déploiement technique de l'activation fonctionnelle pour les utilisateurs. L'autonomie des développeurs est renforcée par des outils en self-service (CLI maison) pour gérer l'infrastructure et diagnostiquer les incidents sans goulot d'étranglement. Une culture d'observabilité intégrée dès la conception permet de détecter et de réagir rapidement aux anomalies en production. Accepter l'échec comme inévitable permet de concevoir des systèmes plus résilients capables de se rétablir automatiquement. "Vibe Coding" vs "Prompt Engineering" : l'IA et le futur du développement logiciel https://www.romenrg.com/blog/2025/12/25/vibe-coding-vs-prompt-engineering-ai-and-the-future-of-software-development/ L'IA est passée du statut d'expérimentation à celui d'infrastructure essentielle pour le développement de logiciels en 2025. L'IA ne remplace pas les ingénieurs, mais agit comme un amplificateur de leurs compétences, de leur jugement et de la qualité de leur réflexion. Distinction entre le "Vibe Coding" (rapide, intuitif, idéal pour les prototypes) et le "Prompt Engineering" (délibéré, contraint, nécessaire pour les systèmes maintenables). L'importance cruciale du contexte ("Context Engineering") : l'IA devient réellement puissante lorsqu'elle est connectée aux systèmes réels (GitHub, Jira, etc.) via des protocoles comme le MCP. Utilisation d'agents spécialisés (écriture de RFC, revue de code, architecture) plutôt que de modèles génériques pour obtenir de meilleurs résultats. Émergence de l'ingénieur "Technical Product Manager" capable d'abattre seul le travail d'une petite équipe grâce à l'IA, à condition de maîtriser les fondamentaux techniques. Le risque majeur : l'IA permet d'aller très vite dans la mauvaise direction si le jugement humain et l'expérience font défaut. Le niveau d'exigence global augmente : les bases techniques solides deviennent plus importantes que jamais pour éviter l'accumulation de dette technique rapide. Une revue de code en solo (Kent Beck) ! https://tidyfirst.substack.com/p/party-of-one-for-code-review?r=64ov3&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web&triedRedirect=true La revue de code traditionnelle, héritée des inspections formelles d'IBM, s'essouffle car elle est devenue trop lente et asynchrone par rapport au rythme du développement moderne. Avec l'arrivée de l'IA ("le génie"), la vitesse de production du code dépasse la capacité de relecture humaine, créant un goulot d'étranglement majeur. La revue de code doit évoluer vers deux nouveaux objectifs prioritaires : un "sanity check" pour vérifier que l'IA a bien fait ce qu'on lui demandait, et le contrôle de la dérive structurelle de la base de code. Maintenir une structure saine est crucial non seulement pour les futurs développeurs humains, mais aussi pour que l'IA puisse continuer à comprendre et modifier le code efficacement sans perdre le contexte. Kent Beck expérimente des outils automatisés (comme CodeRabbit) pour obtenir des résumés et des schémas d'architecture afin de garder une conscience globale des changements rapides. Même si les outils automatisés sont utiles, le "Pair Programming" reste irremplaçable pour la richesse des échanges et la pression sociale bénéfique qu'il impose à la réflexion. La revue de code solo n'est pas une fin en soi, mais une adaptation nécessaire lorsque l'on travaille seul avec des outils de génération de code augmentés. Loi, société et organisation Lego lance les Lego Smart Play, avec des Brique, des Smart Tags et des Smart Figurines pour faire de nouvelles constructions interactives avec des Legos https://www.lego.com/fr-fr/smart-play LEGO SMART Play : technologie réactive au jeu des enfants. Trois éléments clés : SMART Brique : Brique LEGO 2x4 "cerveau". Accéléromètre, lumières réactives, détecteur de couleurs, synthétiseur sonore. Réagit aux mouvements (tenir, tourner, taper). SMART Tags : Petites pièces intelligentes. Indiquent à la SMART Brique son rôle (ex: hélicoptère, voiture) et les sons à produire. Activent sons, mini-jeux, missions secrètes. SMART Minifigurines : Activées près d'une SMART Brique. Révèlent des personnalités uniques (sons, humeurs, réactions) via la SMART Brique. Encouragent l'imagination. Fonctionnement : SMART Brique détecte SMART Tags et SMART Minifigurines. Réagit aux mouvements avec lumières et sons dynamiques. Compatibilité : S'assemble avec les briques LEGO classiques. Objectif : Créer des expériences de jeu interactives, uniques et illimitées. Conférences La liste des conférences provenant de Developers Conferences Agenda/List par Aurélie Vache et contributeurs : 14-17 janvier 2026 : SnowCamp 2026 - Grenoble (France) 22 janvier 2026 : DevCon #26 : sécurité / post-quantique / hacking - Paris (France) 28 janvier 2026 : Software Heritage Symposium - Paris (France) 29-31 janvier 2026 : Epitech Summit 2026 - Paris - Paris (France) 2-5 février 2026 : Epitech Summit 2026 - Moulins - Moulins (France) 3 février 2026 : Cloud Native Days France 2026 - Paris (France) 3-4 février 2026 : Epitech Summit 2026 - Lille - Lille (France) 3-4 février 2026 : Epitech Summit 2026 - Mulhouse - Mulhouse (France) 3-4 février 2026 : Epitech Summit 2026 - Nancy - Nancy (France) 3-4 février 2026 : Epitech Summit 2026 - Nantes - Nantes (France) 3-4 février 2026 : Epitech Summit 2026 - Marseille - Marseille (France) 3-4 février 2026 : Epitech Summit 2026 - Rennes - Rennes (France) 3-4 février 2026 : Epitech Summit 2026 - Montpellier - Montpellier (France) 3-4 février 2026 : Epitech Summit 2026 - Strasbourg - Strasbourg (France) 3-4 février 2026 : Epitech Summit 2026 - Toulouse - Toulouse (France) 4-5 février 2026 : Epitech Summit 2026 - Bordeaux - Bordeaux (France) 4-5 février 2026 : Epitech Summit 2026 - Lyon - Lyon (France) 4-6 février 2026 : Epitech Summit 2026 - Nice - Nice (France) 5 février 2026 : Web Days Convention - Aix-en-Provence (France) 12 février 2026 : Strasbourg Craft #1 - Strasbourg (France) 12-13 février 2026 : Touraine Tech #26 - Tours (France) 19 février 2026 : ObservabilityCON on the Road - Paris (France) 6 mars 2026 : WordCamp Nice 2026 - Nice (France) 18-19 mars 2026 : Agile Niort 2026 - Niort (France) 20 mars 2026 : Atlantique Day 2026 - Nantes (France) 26 mars 2026 : Data Days Lille - Lille (France) 26-27 mars 2026 : SymfonyLive Paris 2026 - Paris (France) 26-27 mars 2026 : REACT PARIS - Paris (France) 27-29 mars 2026 : Shift - Nantes (France) 31 mars 2026 : ParisTestConf - Paris (France) 1 avril 2026 : AWS Summit Paris - Paris (France) 2 avril 2026 : Pragma Cannes 2026 - Cannes (France) 9-10 avril 2026 : AndroidMakers by droidcon - Paris (France) 16-17 avril 2026 : MiXiT 2026 - Lyon (France) 22-24 avril 2026 : Devoxx France 2026 - Paris (France) 23-25 avril 2026 : Devoxx Greece - Athens (Greece) 24-25 avril 2026 : Faiseuses du Web 5 - Dinan (France) 6-7 mai 2026 : Devoxx UK 2026 - London (UK) 22 mai 2026 : AFUP Day 2026 Lille - Lille (France) 22 mai 2026 : AFUP Day 2026 Paris - Paris (France) 22 mai 2026 : AFUP Day 2026 Bordeaux - Bordeaux (France) 22 mai 2026 : AFUP Day 2026 Lyon - Lyon (France) 29 mai 2026 : NG Baguette Conf 2026 - Paris (France) 5 juin 2026 : TechReady - Nantes (France) 5 juin 2026 : Fork it! - Rouen - Rouen (France) 6 juin 2026 : Polycloud - Montpellier (France) 11-12 juin 2026 : DevQuest Niort - Niort (France) 11-12 juin 2026 : DevLille 2026 - Lille (France) 12 juin 2026 : Tech F'Est 2026 - Nancy (France) 17-19 juin 2026 : Devoxx Poland - Krakow (Poland) 17-20 juin 2026 : VivaTech - Paris (France) 2 juillet 2026 : Azur Tech Summer 2026 - Valbonne (France) 2-3 juillet 2026 : Sunny Tech - Montpellier (France) 3 juillet 2026 : Agile Lyon 2026 - Lyon (France) 2 août 2026 : 4th Tech Summit on Artificial Intelligence & Robotics - Paris (France) 4 septembre 2026 : JUG Summer Camp 2026 - La Rochelle (France) 17-18 septembre 2026 : API Platform Conference 2026 - Lille (France) 24 septembre 2026 : PlatformCon Live Day Paris 2026 - Paris (France) 1 octobre 2026 : WAX 2026 - Marseille (France) 1-2 octobre 2026 : Volcamp - Clermont-Ferrand (France) 5-9 octobre 2026 : Devoxx Belgium - Antwerp (Belgium) Nous contacter Pour réagir à cet épisode, venez discuter sur le groupe Google https://groups.google.com/group/lescastcodeurs Contactez-nous via X/twitter https://twitter.com/lescastcodeurs ou Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/lescastcodeurs.com Faire un crowdcast ou une crowdquestion Soutenez Les Cast Codeurs sur Patreon https://www.patreon.com/LesCastCodeurs Tous les épisodes et toutes les infos sur https://lescastcodeurs.com/

No décimo oitavo episódio do Hipsters.Talks, PAULO SILVEIRA , CVO do Grupo Alura, conversa com EDUARDO SANTOS , especialista em inteligência artificial na Lopti, sobre O VERDADEIRO SIGNIFICADO DE SOFTWARE LIVRE, a diferença entre free software e open source e POR QUE LLAMA E OUTROS MODELOS NÃO SÃO TÃO “ABERTOS” QUANTO PARECEM. Uma discussão sobre licenças (GPL, MIT, BSD), comunidades brasileiras e o futuro do código aberto na era da IA! Sinta-se à vontade para compartilhar suas perguntas e comentários. Vamos adorar conversar com você!

What is the role of tape backup in 2026? Should ZFS be used on tape? Steve takes us back to his days at IMAX and gives us some things to think about when using tape. We answer your questions, take your feedback -- During The Show -- 00:50 Immich - Greg Immich (https://immich.app/) feedback Round 1 deployment recap Round 2 deployment recap Latest breakage Things Steve likes about Immich Ente (https://ente.io/) experience Rising tide, iron sharpens iron Everyone hits problems sometimes 11:50 General Show Feedback - Pete Thank You feedback Buying Expedition 33 Noah purchased Expedition 33 "Little Noah" and budget Using external disks for games 16:28 News Wire Curl 8.18 - curl.se (https://curl.se/ch/) Doxygen 1.16 - doxygen.nl (https://www.doxygen.nl/manual/changelog.html) Windowmaker Live 13.3 - wmlive.sourceforge.net (https://wmlive.sourceforge.net) Budgie 10.10 - buddiesofbudgie.org (https://buddiesofbudgie.org/blog/budgie-10-10-released) Pentoo 2026.0 - pentoo.ch (https://pentoo.ch/isos/Release/Pentoo_Core_amd64_hardened/) Nitrix 5.1 - nxos.org (https://nxos.org) Debian 13.3 - debian.org (https://www.debian.org/News/2026/20260110) Linux Mint 22.3 - linuxmint.com (https://www.linuxmint.com/rel_zena.php) Bose Open Sources Speakers - designboom.com (https://www.designboom.com/technology/bose-recycles-discontinued-wireless-speakers-open-source-01-09-2026/) UAT-7290 - thehackernews.com (https://thehackernews.com/2026/01/china-linked-uat-7290-targets-telecoms.html) GoBruteforcer - darkreading.com (https://www.darkreading.com/threat-intelligence/gobruteforcer-botnet-targets-50k-plus-linux-servers) VoidLink - thehackernews.com (https://thehackernews.com/2026/01/new-advanced-linux-voidlink-malware.html) NousCoder-14B - venturebeat.com (https://venturebeat.com/technology/nous-researchs-nouscoder-14b-is-an-open-source-coding-model-landing-right-in) Razer AI Kit - techpowerup.com (https://www.techpowerup.com/344924/razer-intros-aikit-an-open-source-project-for-easier-local-llm-development) 17:55 Caller Btrfs Assistant (https://gitlab.com/btrfs-assistant/btrfs-assistant) Restoring btrfs snapshots Base vs incremental snapshots Framework Knowledge Base (https://knowledgebase.frame.work/en_us/fedora-system-restore-root-snapshots-using-btrfs-assistant-rkHNxajS3) 23:00 Music Production on Linux Started with misconception everything is for Windows and Mac Not many instruments are being made Hybrid pianos Stage pianos Pianoteq (https://www.modartt.com/) Virtual instruments Hammer graded controllers Semi weighted keys Synth Keys Akai Professional MPK Mini Plus Amazon (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BFBDT2D2/) VST3 MT Powerdrum (https://www.powerdrumkit.com/) Tal Base Line 101 (https://www.tal-software.com/products/tal-bassline-101) 36:50 Tape Backup Slow but reliable and cheap Tar command Data velocity Burn rate How to use tape Tools for data tapes Failure domain -- The Extra Credit Section -- For links to the articles and material referenced in this week's episode check out this week's page from our podcast dashboard! This Episode's Podcast Dashboard (http://podcast.asknoahshow.com/475) Phone Systems for Ask Noah provided by Voxtelesys (http://www.voxtelesys.com/asknoah) Join us in our dedicated chatroom #GeekLab:linuxdelta.com on Matrix (https://element.linuxdelta.com/#/room/#geeklab:linuxdelta.com) -- Stay In Touch -- Find all the resources for this show on the Ask Noah Dashboard Ask Noah Dashboard (http://www.asknoahshow.com) Need more help than a radio show can offer? Altispeed provides commercial IT services and they're excited to offer you a great deal for listening to the Ask Noah Show. Call today and ask about the discount for listeners of the Ask Noah Show! Altispeed Technologies (http://www.altispeed.com/) Contact Noah live [at] asknoahshow.com -- Twitter -- Noah - Kernellinux (https://twitter.com/kernellinux) Ask Noah Show (https://twitter.com/asknoahshow) Altispeed Technologies (https://twitter.com/altispeed)

We make our big Linux predictions for 2026, but first, we score how we did for 2025.Sponsored By:Managed Nebula: Meet Managed Nebula from Defined Networking. A decentralized VPN built on the open-source Nebula platform that we love. 1Password Extended Access Management: 1Password Extended Access Management is a device trust solution for companies with Okta, and they ensure that if a device isn't trusted and secure, it can't log into your cloud apps. CrowdHealth: Discover a Better Way to Pay for Healthcare with Crowdfunded Memberships. Join CrowdHealth to get started today for $99 for your first three months using UNPLUGGED.Unraid: A powerful, easy operating system for servers and storage. Maximize your hardware with unmatched flexibility. Support LINUX UnpluggedLinks:

This week Steve puts his Debian powered Christmas tree up. He walks us through enterprise deployment and the failures of Firefox enterprise, and Noah builds a Raspberry Pi powered piano!

This week Steve and Noah talk about the things you didn't know you knew about Linux. Scott Jenson joins the program to talk about principals of UX/UI design. -- During The Show -- 00:52 Self Hosting After Death - Michael Steve's thought process Important things Home Assistant (https://www.home-assistant.io/) Mealie (https://docs.mealie.io/) Frigate (https://frigate.video/) Steve's plan Draw.io LLMs No desire to be trained Open Source Documentation Noah's plan Self hosted vs Cloud Techie Friends 12:21 Scott Jenson - UX/UI Design Product Strategist For Home Assistant and Mastodon Scott's Website (https://jenson.org/) Coloring outside the lines Mobile vs Desktop Desktop UI shortcomings UX in Audacity and Penpot (https://penpot.app/) Where can UX designers grow? Articulating the business use case Ink & Switch (https://www.inkandswitch.com/) 18:23 News Wire Nano 8.7 - gnu.org (https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/info-gnu/2025-11/msg00002.html) Thunderbird 145 - thunderbird.net (https://www.thunderbird.net/en-US/thunderbird/145.0/releasenotes) Firefox 145 - firefox.com (https://www.firefox.com/en-US/firefox/145.0/releasenotes) Wine 10.19 - webpronews.com (https://www.webpronews.com/wine-10-19-ushers-in-linuxs-next-leap-for-windows-app-mastery) Proton 10.0 - phoronix.com (https://www.phoronix.com/news/Proton-10.0-3-Released) KDE Frameworks 6.20.0 - kde.org (https://kde.org/announcements/frameworks/6/6.20.0) SparkyLinux 8.1 - sparkylinux.org (https://sparkylinux.org/sparky-8-1) Debian 13.2 - debian.org (https://www.debian.org/News/2025/20251115) Tails 7.2 - torproject.org (https://blog.torproject.org/new-release-tails-7_2) Nitrix 5.0 - itsfoss.com (https://itsfoss.com/news/nitrux-5-release) Kaspersky for Linux - tomshardware.com (https://www.tomshardware.com/software/antivirus/banned-russian-antivirus-maker-kaspersky-rolls-out-new-products-basic-plan-for-linux-starts-at-usd59-99-a-year) Avahi Logic Flaw - zeropath.com (https://zeropath.com/blog/avahi-simple-protocol-server-dos-cve-2025-59529) ImunifyAV Flaw - bleepingcomputer.com (https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/rce-flaw-in-imunifyav-puts-millions-of-linux-hosted-sites-at-risk) Akira Targets Nutanix VMs - bleepingcomputer.com (https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/cisa-warns-of-akira-ransomware-linux-encryptor-targeting-nutanix-vms) Kraken Expands - cyberpress.org (https://cyberpress.org/kraken-ransomware) VibeThinker-1.5B - venturebeat.com (https://venturebeat.com/ai/weibos-new-open-source-ai-model-vibethinker-1-5b-outperforms-deepseek-r1-on) Worry Over Chinese AI - businessinsider.com (https://www.businessinsider.com/eric-schmidt-worried-governments-use-chinese-ai-open-source-models-2025-11) US Must Go Open Source - techbuzz.ai (https://www.techbuzz.ai/articles/databricks-co-founder-us-must-go-open-source-to-beat-china-in-ai) Linux Knowledge The "Mythical New User" People use all sorts of UI/UX today Knowledge we take for granted Teaching is the highest form of learning See one, do one, teach one Talk radio principle: Watering plants that are already there Linux and Windows architectures are different 39:50 Source Command How it works Variables Environment Variable What the source command does Getting started with source and python 48:00 Know your short comings Know what you don't know Know how to explain it simply Keeping things simple -- The Extra Credit Section -- For links to the articles and material referenced in this week's episode check out this week's page from our podcast dashboard! This Episode's Podcast Dashboard (http://podcast.asknoahshow.com/467) Phone Systems for Ask Noah provided by Voxtelesys (http://www.voxtelesys.com/asknoah) Join us in our dedicated chatroom #GeekLab:linuxdelta.com on Matrix (https://element.linuxdelta.com/#/room/#geeklab:linuxdelta.com) -- Stay In Touch -- Find all the resources for this show on the Ask Noah Dashboard Ask Noah Dashboard (http://www.asknoahshow.com) Need more help than a radio show can offer? Altispeed provides commercial IT services and they're excited to offer you a great deal for listening to the Ask Noah Show. Call today and ask about the discount for listeners of the Ask Noah Show! Altispeed Technologies (http://www.altispeed.com/) Contact Noah live [at] asknoahshow.com -- Twitter -- Noah - Kernellinux (https://twitter.com/kernellinux) Ask Noah Show (https://twitter.com/asknoahshow) Altispeed Technologies (https://twitter.com/altispeed) Special Guest: Scott Jenson.

This week SUSE's SLES and Red Hat's RHEL are embracing AI in the form of MCP and CUDA support. FFMPEG scores a $100k donation, Pop_OS and Cosmic finally have a release data, and Unity is in need of help. Kodi 22 has an Alpha, Debian has a Systemd dustup, and Krita has landed HDR support. And there's a port of Linux to WASM, so you can run the kern in your browser. Handy! For tips we have doxx for opening .docx in the terminal, a primer on absolute vs relative paths, whoami for grabbing the current username, and btrfs's scrub command for checking the local disk. You can find the show notes at https://bit.ly/4ovhsLG and have a great week! Host: Jonathan Bennett Co-Hosts: Rob Campbell, Jeff Massie, and Ken McDonald Download or subscribe to Untitled Linux Show at https://twit.tv/shows/untitled-linux-show Want access to the ad-free video and exclusive features? Become a member of Club TWiT today! https://twit.tv/clubtwit Club TWiT members can discuss this episode and leave feedback in the Club TWiT Discord.

This week SUSE's SLES and Red Hat's RHEL are embracing AI in the form of MCP and CUDA support. FFMPEG scores a $100k donation, Pop_OS and Cosmic finally have a release data, and Unity is in need of help. Kodi 22 has an Alpha, Debian has a Systemd dustup, and Krita has landed HDR support. And there's a port of Linux to WASM, so you can run the kern in your browser. Handy! For tips we have doxx for opening .docx in the terminal, a primer on absolute vs relative paths, whoami for grabbing the current username, and btrfs's scrub command for checking the local disk. You can find the show notes at https://bit.ly/4ovhsLG and have a great week! Host: Jonathan Bennett Co-Hosts: Rob Campbell, Jeff Massie, and Ken McDonald Download or subscribe to Untitled Linux Show at https://twit.tv/shows/untitled-linux-show Want access to the ad-free video and exclusive features? Become a member of Club TWiT today! https://twit.tv/clubtwit Club TWiT members can discuss this episode and leave feedback in the Club TWiT Discord.

In this episode, Josh and Otto dive into the world of Debian packaging, exploring the challenges of supply chain security and the importance of transparency in open source projects. They discuss Otto's blog post about the XZ backdoor and how it's a nearly impossible attack to detect. Otto does a great job breaking down an incredibly complex problem into understandable pieces. The show notes and blog post for this episode can be found at https://opensourcesecurity.io/2025/2025-11-xz-debian-otto/

This week's EYE ON NPI is as mysterious and powerful as the extra-dimensional being from Star Trek (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(Star_Trek)) - it's the new Arduino UNO Q (https://www.digikey.com/en/product-highlight/a/arduino/uno-q-microcontroller-board) microcontroller board, released as part of the Qualcomm/Arduino acquisition announcement (https://www.qualcomm.com/news/releases/2025/10/qualcomm-to-acquire-arduino-accelerating-developers--access-to-i). This Uno-shaped board is packed with both an STM32 microcontroller and a Qualcomm Dragonwing microprocessor so you get the best-of-both-worlds: 3.3V/5V logic compatibility with timers and ADCs, plus a full Debian install and AI support for running local vision models. We last checked in on Arduino we were reviewing their new announcements based on a partnership with Renesas: the Arduino Nano R4 SoC (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLAI41ZfCfw) which is a miniaturized version of the UNO R4 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uw0EU8urz5M). These boards feature an Arm microcontroller, with lots of fun on-board accessories like an LED grid, Qwiic connector, and WiFi/Bluetooth module. These boards represented a bump in capabilities over the classic UNO R3 (https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/arduino/A000073/3476357) but are still under-powered compared to the 'Portenta' line (https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/arduino/ABX00045/15294134). So, when we see the Arduino UNO Q (https://www.digikey.com/short/qc9d09fm) is a merging of three separate 'strands' of Arduino development history. One, it's shaped and has hardware-compatibility with the classic UNO which has been their mainstay for decades. Two, it has the powerful microcontroller type that the Pro line features. And three, it revives some of the Linux-based boards that Arduino had previously released like the Yun (https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/arduino/A000008/4486331), Tian (https://docs.arduino.cc/retired/boards/arduino-tian/) and Tre (https://docs.arduino.cc/retired/boards/arduino-tre). What sets the Q apart is that this time instead of being just a chip-supplier partnership, Arduino has been acquired as a subsidiary of Qualcomm (https://www.qualcomm.com/news/releases/2025/10/qualcomm-to-acquire-arduino-accelerating-developers--access-to-i) which means that there's going to be first-class engineering support for the onboard Dragonwing processor. Speaking of, let's take a look at the hardware included in the new Q! There's two chipsets on each board: the big processor is a Qualcomm Dragonwing™ QRB2210 (https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/qualcomm/QRB-2210-0-NSP752-TR-00-0/27904331) - 64-bit System-on-Chip with 4 × Arm Cortex-A53 running at 2.0 GHz and Adreno 702 GPU running at 845 MHz for 3D graphics. This chip runs mainline Debian OS with upstream support so you can configure a kernel and distribution image without needing patches. Arduino and Qualcomm distribute their own ready to go image too (https://docs.arduino.cc/tutorials/uno-q/update-image/). This chip has modern A/V support with both CSI camera and DSI MIPI display capability to match. Those high speed connects are available on the dual 60-pin bottom connects - while there isn't a sub-connect board right now, it's likely that Arduino will develop one soon. Meanwhile, you can use their documentation (https://docs.arduino.cc/hardware/uno-q/) such as STEP and Gerber files if you want to start adding a direct-plug integration into your hardware now. The second chipset is a STM32U585 Arm Cortex-M33 with 2 MB Flash, 786 kB SRAM and running at 160 MHz - it runs the Arduino Core via Zephyr OS and from the block diagram, looks like it communicates with the main core via UART and SPI. The STM is what handles GPIO, PWM, ADC, DAC, timers, etc since it is 3.3V logic and has some 5V logic-level compatibility. The main headers on the Arduino - and some of the bottom extra headers - expose the STM logic so you can connect standard sensors, OLEDs, relays etc. While there are some GPIO from the Dragonwing also available, they're 1.8V logic and are already allocated in the Linux Device tree. The Arduino UNO Q (https://www.digikey.com/short/qc9d09fm) is available for pre-order right now from DigiKey for a door-busting $44! We've already put in our order, and we'll do a project to check it out as soon as it arrives. After you get your pre-order in, check out some of the projects that have already been published to get a sense of the Q's capabilities like this MAME emulation arcade cabinet (https://projecthub.arduino.cc/jcarolinares/arduino-uno-q-arcade-cabinet-machine-39dd38) or face-recognition car (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGDxAXpH_Ag). You can start dreaming of what you'll be able to do with a full computer + microcontroller board that fits where your old UNO R3 would fit, while you wait for the shipping notification.

Secure Boot for FreeBSD, Systems lie about their proper functioning, Teching the tech and rushing the endorphins, Passing a Device Into A FreeBSD Jail With A Stable Name, ZFS snapshots aren't as immutable as I thought, due to snapshot metadata, Let's write a peephole optimizer for QBE's arm64 backend, Migrate a Peertube instance from Debian to FreeBSD, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines Secure Boot for FreeBSD (https://forums.FreeBSD.org/threads/how-to-set-up-secure-boot-for-freebsd.99169/) The Fundamental Failure-Mode Theorem: Systems lie about their proper functioning (https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20250716-00/?p=111383) News Roundup Teching the tech and rushing the endorphins (https://vulcanridr.mataroa.blog/blog/teching-the-tech-and-rushing-the-endorphins) Passing a Device Into A FreeBSD Jail With A Stable Name (https://blog.feld.me/posts/2025/09/passing-device-freebsd-jail-with-stable-name/) ZFS snapshots aren't as immutable as I thought, due to snapshot metadata (https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/solaris/ZFSSnapshotsNotFullyImmutable) Let's write a peephole optimizer for QBE's arm64 backend (https://briancallahan.net/blog/20250901.html) Migrate a Peertube instance from Debian to FreeBSD (https://www.tumfatig.net/2025/migrate-a-peertube-instance-from-debian-to-freebsd) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions -Steve - Interviews (https://github.com/BSDNow/bsdnow.tv/blob/master/631/feedback/Steve%20-%20Interviews.md) Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

This is a recap of the top 10 posts on Hacker News on September 12, 2025. This podcast was generated by wondercraft.ai (00:30): EU court rules nuclear energy is clean energyOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45224967&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(01:54): The treasury is expanding the Patriot Act to attack Bitcoin self custodyOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45221274&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(03:18): Qwen3-NextOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45219228&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(04:42): Many hard LeetCode problems are easy constraint problemsOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45222695&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(06:06): Corporations are trying to hide job openings from US citizensOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45223719&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(07:30): UTF-8 is a brilliant designOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45225098&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(08:54): Float ExposedOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45217415&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(10:18): Chat Control faces blocking minority in the EUOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45221580&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(11:42): QGIS is a free, open-source, cross platform geographical information systemOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45224156&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(13:06): Debian 13, Postgres, and the US time zonesOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45218111&utm_source=wondercraft_aiThis is a third-party project, independent from HN and YC. Text and audio generated using AI, by wondercraft.ai. Create your own studio quality podcast with text as the only input in seconds at app.wondercraft.ai. Issues or feedback? We'd love to hear from you: team@wondercraft.ai

Google's sideloading lockdown has us pushing Wes' Pixel further than Google ever dreamed.Sponsored By:Managed Nebula: Meet Managed Nebula from Defined Networking. A decentralized VPN built on the open-source Nebula platform that we love. 1Password Extended Access Management: 1Password Extended Access Management is a device trust solution for companies with Okta, and they ensure that if a device isn't trusted and secure, it can't log into your cloud apps. Unraid: A powerful, easy operating system for servers and storage. Maximize your hardware with unmatched flexibility. Support LINUX UnpluggedLinks:

video: https://youtu.be/iGK5c99EnuY This week on Destination Linux, we dive into big updates across the Linux world — from Google pushing Android toward a desktop-class OS, to Ubuntu's latest point release packed with new hardware support, and the arrival of Debian 13 with thousands of improvements. Plus, we have software spotlight to help you kick some bad habits. All of this and more on this episode of Destination Linux. Forum Discussion Thread (https://destinationlinux.net/forum) Download as MP3 (https://aphid.fireside.fm/d/1437767933/32f28071-0b08-4ea1-afcc-37af75bd83d6/c85c8dee-25d2-4ab3-bce0-c294285c4294.mp3) Support the show by becoming a patron at tuxdigital.com/membership (https://tuxdigital.com/membership) or get some swag at tuxdigital.com/store (https://tuxdigital.com/store) Hosted by: Ryan (DasGeek) = dasgeek.net (https://dasgeek.net) Jill Bryant = jilllinuxgirl.com (https://jilllinuxgirl.com) Michael Tunnell = michaeltunnell.com (https://michaeltunnell.com) Chapters: 00:00 Intro 02:58 Community Feedback 03:24 Listener Vincent: The Almighty Ryan 07:53 Listener John: Kove Interview & Jill's VAX Collection 12:35 Sandfly Security 14:46 Destination Android? 27:55 Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS 34:37 Debian 13 41:23 Is Michael a REAL Fanboy? 43:16 Software Pick: Table Habit 50:37 Support the Show 53:37 Outro 54:23 Post Show Links: Community Feedback https://destinationlinux.net/comments (https://destinationlinux.net/comments) https://destinationlinux.net/forum (https://destinationlinux.net/forum) Sandfly Security https://destinationlinux.net/sandfly (https://destinationlinux.net/sandfly) Destination Android? https://www.androidauthority.com/android-linux-terminal-future-plans-3581752/ (https://www.androidauthority.com/android-linux-terminal-future-plans-3581752/) Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2025/08/ubuntu-24-04-3-lts-released (https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2025/08/ubuntu-24-04-3-lts-released) Debian 13 https://bits.debian.org/2025/08/trixie-released.html (https://bits.debian.org/2025/08/trixie-released.html) https://www.debian.org/releases/trixie/release-notes/ (https://www.debian.org/releases/trixie/release-notes/) https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2025/08/debian-13-trixie-released-with-2-years-worth-of-improvements (https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2025/08/debian-13-trixie-released-with-2-years-worth-of-improvements) Software Pick: Table Habit https://flathub.org/apps/io.github.friesi23.mhabit (https://flathub.org/apps/io.github.friesi23.mhabit) Support the Show https://tuxdigital.com/membership (https://tuxdigital.com/membership) https://store.tuxdigital.com/ (https://store.tuxdigital.com/)

CVE-2017-11882 Will Never Die The (very) old equation editor vulnerability is still being exploited, as this recent sample analyzed by Xavier shows. The payload of the Excel file attempts to download and execute an infostealer to exfiltrate passwords via email. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/CVE-2017-11882%20Will%20Never%20Die/32196 Windows Kerberos Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability Yesterday, Microsoft released a patch for a vulnerability that had already been made public. This vulnerability refers to the privilege escalation taking advantage of a path traversal issue in Windows Kerberos affecting Exchange Server in hybrid mode. https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-53779 Persistent Risk: XZ Utils Backdoor Still Lurking in Docker Images Some old Debian Docker images containing the xz-utils backdoor are still available for download from Docker Hub via the official Debian account. https://www.binarly.io/blog/persistent-risk-xz-utils-backdoor-still-lurking-in-docker-images FortiSIEM / FortiWeb Vulnerablities Fortinet patched already exploited vulnerabilities in FortiWeb and FortiSIEM https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-152 https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-448

A new Debian version is out and it's the end of the 32-bit x86 era, an AWS user almost found out the hard way about the need for proper backups, GitHub is finally fully swallowed into Microsoft (having gone all in on AI), and a quick KDE Korner. With guest hosts Gary from Linux After... Read More

A jury orders Tesla to pay more than $240 million in Autopilot crash Apple reports biggest revenue growth since December 2021 Apple's New 'Answers' Team Eyes ChatGPT-Like Product in AI Push Apple says DOJ's antitrust lawsuit would 'reduce consumer choice' Alphabet beats earnings expectations, raises spending forecast Australia widens teen social media ban to YouTube, scraps exemption YouTube rolls out age-estimation tech to identify US teens and apply additional protections Amazon to Pay New York Times $20 Million a Year in AI Deal A.I. Researchers Are Negotiating $250 Million Pay Packages. Just Like N.B.A. Stars. Anthropic studied what gives an AI system its 'personality' — and what makes it 'evil' AI Capex is Eating the Economy Will data centers crash the economy? What content strategy looks like in the age of AI Inside the LG G5's shocking last-place finish at the 2025 TV Shootout Senate confirms Sean Cairncross to be national cyber director under Trump How Podcast-Obsessed Tech Investors Made a New Media Industry Y2K38 bug? Debian switching to 64-bit time for everything Lina Kahn Takes a Victory Lap for Figma IPO Host: Leo Laporte Guests: Richard Campbell, Brian McCullough, and Mike Elgan Download or subscribe to This Week in Tech at https://twit.tv/shows/this-week-in-tech Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free shows, a members-only Discord, and behind-the-scenes access. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: canary.tools/twit - use code: TWIT ZipRecruiter.com/Twit zscaler.com/security miro.com uscloud.com

A jury orders Tesla to pay more than $240 million in Autopilot crash Apple reports biggest revenue growth since December 2021 Apple's New 'Answers' Team Eyes ChatGPT-Like Product in AI Push Apple says DOJ's antitrust lawsuit would 'reduce consumer choice' Alphabet beats earnings expectations, raises spending forecast Australia widens teen social media ban to YouTube, scraps exemption YouTube rolls out age-estimation tech to identify US teens and apply additional protections Amazon to Pay New York Times $20 Million a Year in AI Deal A.I. Researchers Are Negotiating $250 Million Pay Packages. Just Like N.B.A. Stars. Anthropic studied what gives an AI system its 'personality' — and what makes it 'evil' AI Capex is Eating the Economy Will data centers crash the economy? What content strategy looks like in the age of AI Inside the LG G5's shocking last-place finish at the 2025 TV Shootout Senate confirms Sean Cairncross to be national cyber director under Trump How Podcast-Obsessed Tech Investors Made a New Media Industry Y2K38 bug? Debian switching to 64-bit time for everything Lina Kahn Takes a Victory Lap for Figma IPO Host: Leo Laporte Guests: Richard Campbell, Brian McCullough, and Mike Elgan Download or subscribe to This Week in Tech at https://twit.tv/shows/this-week-in-tech Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free shows, a members-only Discord, and behind-the-scenes access. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: canary.tools/twit - use code: TWIT ZipRecruiter.com/Twit zscaler.com/security miro.com uscloud.com

A jury orders Tesla to pay more than $240 million in Autopilot crash Apple reports biggest revenue growth since December 2021 Apple's New 'Answers' Team Eyes ChatGPT-Like Product in AI Push Apple says DOJ's antitrust lawsuit would 'reduce consumer choice' Alphabet beats earnings expectations, raises spending forecast Australia widens teen social media ban to YouTube, scraps exemption YouTube rolls out age-estimation tech to identify US teens and apply additional protections Amazon to Pay New York Times $20 Million a Year in AI Deal A.I. Researchers Are Negotiating $250 Million Pay Packages. Just Like N.B.A. Stars. Anthropic studied what gives an AI system its 'personality' — and what makes it 'evil' AI Capex is Eating the Economy Will data centers crash the economy? What content strategy looks like in the age of AI Inside the LG G5's shocking last-place finish at the 2025 TV Shootout Senate confirms Sean Cairncross to be national cyber director under Trump How Podcast-Obsessed Tech Investors Made a New Media Industry Y2K38 bug? Debian switching to 64-bit time for everything Lina Kahn Takes a Victory Lap for Figma IPO Host: Leo Laporte Guests: Richard Campbell, Brian McCullough, and Mike Elgan Download or subscribe to This Week in Tech at https://twit.tv/shows/this-week-in-tech Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free shows, a members-only Discord, and behind-the-scenes access. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: canary.tools/twit - use code: TWIT ZipRecruiter.com/Twit zscaler.com/security miro.com uscloud.com

A jury orders Tesla to pay more than $240 million in Autopilot crash Apple reports biggest revenue growth since December 2021 Apple's New 'Answers' Team Eyes ChatGPT-Like Product in AI Push Apple says DOJ's antitrust lawsuit would 'reduce consumer choice' Alphabet beats earnings expectations, raises spending forecast Australia widens teen social media ban to YouTube, scraps exemption YouTube rolls out age-estimation tech to identify US teens and apply additional protections Amazon to Pay New York Times $20 Million a Year in AI Deal A.I. Researchers Are Negotiating $250 Million Pay Packages. Just Like N.B.A. Stars. Anthropic studied what gives an AI system its 'personality' — and what makes it 'evil' AI Capex is Eating the Economy Will data centers crash the economy? What content strategy looks like in the age of AI Inside the LG G5's shocking last-place finish at the 2025 TV Shootout Senate confirms Sean Cairncross to be national cyber director under Trump How Podcast-Obsessed Tech Investors Made a New Media Industry Y2K38 bug? Debian switching to 64-bit time for everything Lina Kahn Takes a Victory Lap for Figma IPO Host: Leo Laporte Guests: Richard Campbell, Brian McCullough, and Mike Elgan Download or subscribe to This Week in Tech at https://twit.tv/shows/this-week-in-tech Join Club TWiT for Ad-Free Podcasts! Support what you love and get ad-free shows, a members-only Discord, and behind-the-scenes access. Join today: https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: canary.tools/twit - use code: TWIT ZipRecruiter.com/Twit zscaler.com/security miro.com uscloud.com

This week, we discuss the AI hype cycle, Astronomer's viral moment, and yet another YAML flavor — KYAML. Plus, private equity is coming for your donuts. Watch the YouTube Live Recording of Episode (https://www.youtube.com/live/Lul4dCCIT24?si=qeBAZXHmFBdRuuAx) 531 (https://www.youtube.com/live/Lul4dCCIT24?si=qeBAZXHmFBdRuuAx) Runner-up Titles Sometimes it's hard to make money I've given into Big Donut Maybe you can fake your way through life At some point you have to have some expertise AI has no taste Can you fix my PowerPoint? There is a chance we're all going to be naked soon Gobbling up the dark fiber WHYAML Waymo for Babies Rundown Beloved Texas doughnut chain sold to California equity firm (https://www.khou.com/article/news/local/shipley-do-nuts-sold-private-equity-houston-texas/285-259116a6-8819-4b32-8ca8-20359bb4f1e1) AI Mid-Year Hype-Cycle Check-in Gartner hype cycle (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gartner_hype_cycle) Betting on AI: The Delusion Driving Big Tech - Last Week in AWS Podcast (https://www.lastweekinaws.com/podcast/screaming-in-the-cloud/betting-on-ai-the-delusion-driving-big-tech/) Clouded Judgement 7.25.25 - TAMs Lie (https://cloudedjudgement.substack.com/p/clouded-judgement-72525-tams-lie?utm_source=post-email-title&publication_id=56878&post_id=169176822&utm_campaign=email-post-title&isFreemail=true&r=2l9&triedRedirect=true&utm_medium=email) Microsoft's AI CEO thinks Copilot will age and ‘have a room that it lives in' (https://www.theverge.com/news/713715/microsoft-copilot-appearance-feature-age-mustafa-suleyman-interview) Flaw in Gemini CLI coding tool could allow hackers to run nasty commands (https://arstechnica.com/security/2025/07/flaw-in-gemini-cli-coding-tool-allowed-hackers-to-run-nasty-commands-on-user-devices/) Claude Code is a slot machine (https://rgoldfinger.com/blog/2025-07-26-claude-code-is-a-slot-machine/) The Hater's Guide to the AI Bubble (https://www.wheresyoured.at/the-haters-gui/) 2025 Stack Overflow Developer Survey (https://survey.stackoverflow.co/2025/) 2025 Stack Overflow sentiment and usage section (https://survey.stackoverflow.co/2025/ai/#sentiment-and-usage) Astronomer Data Pipelines with Apache Airflow (https://www.thecloudcast.net/2025/07/data-pipelines-with-apache-airflow.html) Astronomer (@astronomerio) on X (https://x.com/astronomerio/status/1948890827566317712?s=46&t=EoCoteGkQEahPpAJ_HYRpg) Ryan Reynolds' ad agency, was behind the Gwyneth Paltrow Astronomer ad (https://www.businessinsider.com/ryan-reynolds-maximum-effort-gwyneth-paltrow-astronomer-ad-2025-7) Introducing KYAML, a safer, less ambiguous YAML subset / encoding (https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-cli/5295-kyaml/README.md#summary) Palo Alto Networks to acquire CyberArk in $25 billion deal (https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/30/palo-alto-networks-cyberark-deal.html) Relevant to your Interests Microsoft's Satya Nadella says job cuts have been 'weighing heavily' on him (https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/24/microsoft-satya-nadella-memo-layoffs.html) IBM shares drop as software revenue misses (https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/23/ibm-q2-earnings-report-2025.html) MSFT Teams in your car? (https://www.theverge.com/news/708481/microsoft-teams-mercedes-benz-integration-in-car-camera-support) Y2K38 bug? Debian switching to 64-bit time for everything (https://www.theregister.com/2025/07/25/y2k38_bug_debian/) A.I.-Driven Education: Founded in Texas and Coming to a School Near You (https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/27/us/politics/ai-alpha-school-austin-texas.html) How Anthropic teams use Claude Code (https://www.anthropic.com/news/how-anthropic-teams-use-claude-code?utm_source=changelog-news) Anthropic unveils new rate limits to curb Claude Code power users (https://techcrunch.com/2025/07/28/anthropic-unveils-new-rate-limits-to-curb-claude-code-power-users/) Alphabet's Q2 revenue beats estimates as cloud computing surges (https://www.fastcompany.com/91373657/alphabet-google-earnings-q2-cloud-ai) Listener Feedback Steve recommends Lessons from Production (https://podcast.techwithkunal.com) Podcast (https://podcast.techwithkunal.com) Conferences Sydney Wizdom Meet-Up (https://www.wiz.io/events/sydney-wizdom-meet-up-aug-2025), Sydney, August 7. Matt will be there. SpringOne (https://www.vmware.com/explore/us/springone?utm_source=organic&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=cote), Las Vegas, August 25th to 28th, 2025. See Coté's pitch (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_xOudsmUmk). Explore 2025 US (https://www.vmware.com/explore/us?utm_source=organic&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=cote), Las Vegas, August 25th to 28th, 2025. See Coté's pitch (https://www.youtube.com/shorts/-COoeIJcFN4). Wiz Capture the Flag (https://www.wiz.io/events/capture-the-flag-brisbane-august-2025), Brisbane, August 26. Matt will be there. SREDay London (https://sreday.com/2025-london-q3/), Coté speaking, September 18th and 19th. Civo Navigate London (https://www.civo.com/navigate/london/2025), Coté speaking, September 30th. Texas Linux Fest (https://2025.texaslinuxfest.org), Austin, October 3rd to 4th. CFP closes August 3rd (https://www.papercall.io/txlf2025). CF Day EU (https://events.linuxfoundation.org/cloud-foundry-day-europe/), Frankfurt, October 7th, 2025. AI for the Rest of Us (https://aifortherestofus.live/london-2025), Coté speaking, October 15th to 16th, London. SDT News & Community Join our Slack community (https://softwaredefinedtalk.slack.com/join/shared_invite/zt-1hn55iv5d-UTfN7mVX1D9D5ExRt3ZJYQ#/shared-invite/email) Email the show: questions@softwaredefinedtalk.com (mailto:questions@softwaredefinedtalk.com) Free stickers: Email your address to stickers@softwaredefinedtalk.com (mailto:stickers@softwaredefinedtalk.com) Follow us on social media: Twitter (https://twitter.com/softwaredeftalk), Threads (https://www.threads.net/@softwaredefinedtalk), Mastodon (https://hachyderm.io/@softwaredefinedtalk), LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com/company/software-defined-talk/), BlueSky (https://bsky.app/profile/softwaredefinedtalk.com) Watch us on: Twitch (https://www.twitch.tv/sdtpodcast), YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCi3OJPV6h9tp-hbsGBLGsDQ/featured), Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/softwaredefinedtalk/), TikTok (https://www.tiktok.com/@softwaredefinedtalk) Book offer: Use code SDT for $20 off "Digital WTF" by Coté (https://leanpub.com/digitalwtf/c/sdt) Sponsor the show (https://www.softwaredefinedtalk.com/ads): ads@softwaredefinedtalk.com (mailto:ads@softwaredefinedtalk.com) Recommendations Brandon: Uber Teen (https://www.uber.com/us/en/ride/teens/) Matt: Software Defined Interviews - Chris Dancy (https://www.softwaredefinedinterviews.com/105) Photo Credits Header (https://unsplash.com/photos/white-and-black-floral-round-decor-qZ6uvJHLHFc)

This time the guys start off with a clever encryption bypass on Linux machines, cover AMD's HIP news, and mourn the passing of Clear Linux. Chrome is catching up to Firefox by adding HDR support for Wayland, Slackware turns 23, and Debian announces the imminent release of Trixie. RISC-V is growing up, and having growing pains, and the guys discuss the anti-cheat situation on Linux. For tips there's Packet for mobile file transfer, fastfetch for getting your neofetch fix, and a copy paste warning based on a Fake Homebrew attack. Catch the show notes at http://bit.ly/4lDGcjN and we'll see you next time! Host: Jonathan Bennett Co-Hosts: Jeff Massie and Rob Campbell Download or subscribe to Untitled Linux Show at https://twit.tv/shows/untitled-linux-show Want access to the ad-free video and exclusive features? Become a member of Club TWiT today! https://twit.tv/clubtwit Club TWiT members can discuss this episode and leave feedback in the Club TWiT Discord.