Podcasts about fagus

In this episode head back 30 million years to visit the John Day Formation in Oregon, USA. Organisms encountered in this episode include: Metasequoia, Polypodium, Pinus johndilyensis, Rubus, Platanus, hypertragulidae, Hydrangia, Ulmus, Fraxinus, Fagus pacifica, Toxicodendron wolfei, Quercus consimilis, Protosciurus rachelae, Vitis, Nuphar, Equisetum, Nimravid, Betula angustifolia, Alnus, Menispermum, Cornus, Paleocastor, Miohippus, Temnocyon, Terminalia, Acer, […]

Peter beantwortet eure Nachrichten und berichtet von einer Waldumbau-Aktion in Schorndorf. Dort wurden Bürger:innen dazu aufgerufen, Buchen zu entfernen, um alte Eichen zu schützen und Waldbränden vorzubeugen. Wie sinnvoll sind solche Holzfäll-Initiativen? Außerdem gibt Peter ein paar Infos zum neuen Waldmanagement-Studiengang und berichtet von einer spannenden Studie dazu, warum die Pilzvielfalt von einer erfolgreichen Buchenblüte abhängt.+++Alle Rabattcodes und Infos zu unseren Werbepartnern findet ihr hier: https://linktr.ee/peterundderwald +++Artikel – "Stadtwald Schorndorf: Was Freiwillige durch ihr Engagement bewirkt haben": https://www.zvw.de/lokales/schorndorf/stadtwald-schorndorfwas-freiwillige-durch-ihr-engagement-bewirkt-haben_arid-832903+++Infos zum Studiengang "Sozialökologisches Waldmanagement": https://hnee.de/de/Studium/Bachelorstudiengnge/Sozialkologisches-Waldmanagement/Sozialkologisches-Waldmanagement-K7584.htm+++Studie (Englisch) – "Die Mastaussaat in der Rotbuche (Fagus sylvatica L.) ist verbunden mit einer verringerten Produktion von Pilz-Sporokarpen und einer geringeren Vielfalt der Pilzgemeinschaft": https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381434450_Mast_seeding_in_European_beech_Fagus_sylvatica_L_is_associated_with_reduced_fungal_sporocarp_production_and_community_diversity/link/666d475eb769e769193851de/download+++Habt ihr Fragen oder Anmerkungen zu den Themen? Schreibt uns gerne eine E-Mail an podcast@wohllebens-waldakademie.deWenn ihr mehr über den Wald und seine Wunder erfahren wollt, findet ihr in Wohllebens Waldakademie spannende Veranstaltungen & Fortbildungen: www.wohllebens-waldakademie.de +++Unsere allgemeinen Datenschutzrichtlinien finden Sie unter https://datenschutz.ad-alliance.de/podcast.htmlUnsere allgemeinen Datenschutzrichtlinien finden Sie unter https://art19.com/privacy. Die Datenschutzrichtlinien für Kalifornien sind unter https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info abrufbar.

Finishing their action-packed reflection on the month of April, Hugh and Jarryd pick back up after the Bonsai Open and the tree sale hosted at TreeMakers with field-grown trees from Jarryd's adolescence. They then dive deep into their annual epic autumn hike to see the changing colour of the Fagus somewhere in the wilderness of Tassie. Filled with side quests and rambles a plenty, the two praise their time in nature honouring some of Australia's most ancient trees despite all the strife and hardship of snow, rain, and cold. 

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.22.546113v1?rss=1 Authors: Vieira, P., Kantor, M. R., Jansen, A., Handoo, Z., Eisenback, J. D. Abstract: The beech leaf disease nematode, Litylenchus crenatae subsp. mccannii, is recognized as a newly emergent nematode species that causes beech leaf disease (BLD) in beech trees (Fagus spp.) in North America. Changes of leaf morphology induced by BLD can provoke dramatic effects into the leaf architecture and consequently to tree performance and development. The initial symptoms of BLD appear as dark green interveinal banding patterns of the leaf. Despite the fast progression of this disease, the cellular mechanisms leading to the formation of such type of aberrant leaf phenotype remains totally unknown. To understand the cellular basis of BLD, we employed several microscopy approaches to provide an exhaustive characterization of nematode-infected buds and leaves. Histological sections revealed a dramatic cell change composition of these nematode-infected tissues. Diseased bud scale cells were typically hypertrophied and showed a high variability of size. Moreover, while altered cell division had no influence on leaf organogenesis, induction of cell proliferation on young leaf primordia led to a dramatic change in cell layer architecture. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the different leaf cell layers, coupled with an abnormal proliferation of chloroplasts specially in the spongy mesophyll cells, resulted in the typical interveinal leaf banding. These discrepancies in leaf cell structure were depicted by an abnormal rate of cellular division of the leaf interveinal areas infected by the nematode, promoting significant increase of cell size and leaf thickness. The formation of symptomatic BLD leaves is therefore orchestrated by distinct cellular processes, to enhance the value of these feeding sites and to improve their nutrition status to the nematode. These results revealed a high specialized mode of parasitism of L. crenatae subsp. mccannii. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Bli med på en hagevandring gjennom vårhagen til Tommy Tønsberg. Det er 16. mai og fortsatt tidlig vår i hagen, men blomstene popper opp nesten mens vi går der. Biene er henrykte og hagen viser stolt fram både løkvekster, stauder og selvsådde frøplanter. Tommy har delt hagen inn i flere hagerom og vi får bli med gjennom både urtehagen, grønnsakshagen, den hvite hagen, den eksotiske hagen og inn i det han kaller den elleville delen av hagen. Det er mye spennende som dukker opp på turen. For de ønsker å sjekke ut noen av plantene som Tommy viser frem, så finnes de aller fleste på listen nedenfor: (I samme rekkefølge som de nevnes i podkasten)Hageamaryllis (Hippeastrum)TulbaghiaBlå lungeurt (Pulmonaria augustifolia ‘Azurea')Kinesisk pion - tidligblomstrende (Paeonia mairei)Martagonliljer (Lilium martagon)Vancouveria hexandraHvit fiol (Viola)«Vill/opprinnelig» påskelilje som frør seg (Narcissus pseudonarcissus)Hagelerkespore (Corydalis solida)Rutelilje (Fritillaria meleagris)Hundetann (Erythronium)Kanadahjerte (Dicentra cucullaria)Trollhassel (Hamamelis virginiana)Pilbladet Magnolia (Magnolia salicifolia)Rogn med rosa blomster og bær (Sorbus rosea)Keiserkrone med god gjenblomstring (Fritillaria imperialis - Rascalhybrid 'Beethoven, Bach, Brahms eller Chopin')Villvin (Parthenociccus)Klematis fargesioides 'Summersnow' (Kalles også 'Paul Farges')Bøkehekker (Fagus sylvatica)Abrodd (Artemisia abrotanum)Seiersløk (Allium victorialis)Malurt (Artemisia absinthium)Snøstjerner (Scilla sect. Chionodoxa)Prydkattemynte (Nepeta x faassenii)Pyntekorg (Cosmos bipinnatus)Nøkketunge (Ligularia dentata)Rød Meldestokk, Hagemelde (Atriplex hortensis)Gulbladet Matrem (Tanacetum parthenium ‘Aureum')Elefantgress (Miscanthus giganteus)Vanlig kaprifol (Lonicera caprifolium)Asklønn (Acer negundo)Hjertetre, Katsura (Cercidiphyllum japonicum) - vanlig og hengende form (pendulum)Sypressvortemelk (Euphorbia cyparissias ‘Orange man')Silkepion (Paeonia ‘Claire de Lune')Vårerteknapp (Lathyrnus vernus)Småhjerte (Dicentra Formosa)Syrinhortensia (Hydrangea paniculate ‘Praecox')Prydbjørnebær med gule blader og hvitt voksbelegg på greinene (Rubus cockburnianus ‘Golden vale')Forglemmegeisøster (Brunnera macrophylla)Gulbladet prydgress (Hakonechloa macra ‘Aureola')Halvfylt Gulveis (Anemone ranunculoides ‘Semi-Plena')Blodtopp (Sanguisorba officinalis)Rødkvann (Angelica gigas)Rose uten mye torner (Rosa rugosa ‘Louise Bugnet')Nyserot hvit (Veratrum album)Nyserot svart (Veratrum nigrum)Skogskjegg (Aruncus dioicus)Trepion (Paeonia suffruticosa)Blå hvitveis (Anemone nemorosa 'Royal Blue')Bergblom rosa (Bergenia cordifolia ‘Baby Doll')Bergblom hvit (Bergenia cordifolia 'Jelle')Rosestorkenebb (Geranium macrorrhizum)Rosa lungeurt (Pulmonaria saccharata ‘Dora Bielefeld')Rød lungeurt (Pulmonaria rubra)Hagenøkleblom (Primula 'John Moe')Duppesoleie (Ranunculus aconitifolius)Klosterklokker (Leucojum vernum)Rosablomstret skjermplante ( Chaerophyllum hirsutum ‘Roseum')Hvit bekkeblom (Caltha palustris alba)Fylt, gul bekkeblom (Caltha palustris ‘Plena')Gul Skunkkala (Lysichiton americanus)Hvit Skunkkala (Lysichiton camtschatcensis)Kuleprimula, Kulenøkleblom (Primula denticulata)Gulbroket Mesterrot (Peucedanum ostruthinum 'Daphnis')Dillpion, trådpion (Paeonia tenuifolia)Rørblomst (Penstemon) Lav, alpin sortTannrot (Cardamine bulbifera, Dentaria bulbifera)Grønn hvitveis (Anemone nemorosa 'Viridescens')Ungarsk Blåveis (Anemone transsilvanica 'Elison Spence')Stor snøklokke funnet i The Beth Chatto Gardens (Galanthus 'Galadriel')Lyseblå hvitveis (Anemone nemorosa ‘Robinsoniana')Fembladet hvitveis (Anemonoides quinquefolia)Rosa hvitveis (Anemone nemorosa ‘Lucia')Trillium (Trillium kamtscatikum)Du finner Hagespiren her:https://hagespiren.no/Mail:podcast@hagespiren.noFølg gjerne Hagespiren Podcast på Instagram:https://www.instagram.com/hagespirenpodcast/Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/groups/hagespirenYouTube:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBHDkK1G9iu3Ytv_pgLCOjgTusen takk for at du lytter til Hagespiren Podcast!Del gjerne podkasten med andre som du tenker vil ha glede av den. Episoden kan inneholde målrettet reklame, basert på din IP-adresse, enhet og posisjon. Se smartpod.no/personvern for informasjon og dine valg om deling av data.

Our first episode of the 4th season of the Dusty Jobs Podcast. We are in our booth at the International Powder and Bulk Solids Show in Chicago. Here we met up with Todd Havican from Fagus-GreCon where he talked about what Fagus-GreCon does. He explains what detect and extinguish equipment is, how it works and why it is important. This podcast is all about fire prevention.To learn more about Fagus-GreCon visit: https://www.fagus-grecon.comTo learn more about Imperial Systems visit: https://www.isystemsweb.com/To hear more episodes of the Dusty Jobs Podcast visit: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLlZEbQeIW7eLzUKnEP7hQx_43bPNXYdl1

Fagus grandifolia, the American beech or North American beech, is a species of beech tree native to the eastern United States and extreme southeast of Canada.

The winter blues have certainly set in around here. But thankfully we have a few plants outside that seemed to have saved their best for last. Today Carol and Danielle are talking about Winter Stunners—trees, shrubs, and even a subshrub that look so gorgeous in January and February, you'll forget that technically it's the “off-season.”  Whether your winter is mild and wet, cold and dry, or you live where it snows seemingly every day, we've got some options that will help make the landscape seem vibrant. Expert guest: Michelle Provaznik is the chief executive officer of American Public Gardens Association. She lives and gardens in Fort Collins, Colorado.  Danielle's Plants 'Wintergold' white fir (Abies concolor 'Wintergold', Zones 3-8)  'Goldilocks' Japanese white pine (Pinus parviflora 'Goldilocks', Zones 5-7)  Blue deodar cedar (Cedrus deodara cv., Zones 6b-9)  ‘Divinely Blue' or ‘Feelin' Blue'  Coral bark maple (Acer palmatum 'Sango Kaku', Zones 5-9)   Carol's Plants American beech (Fagus grandifolia, Zones 3-9) Red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea, Zones 3-7) Japanese stewartia (Stewartia pseudocamillia, Zones 5-8) Star magnolia (Magnolia stellata, Zones 4-8)   Expert's Plants ‘Panchito' manzanita (Arctostaphylos × coloradensis ‘Panchito', Zones 4b–8) Rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus spp. and cvs., Zones 4-9) Red osier/ red twig dogwood (Cornus sericea, Zones 3-7) Kentucky coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus, Zones 3-8)

SMM 038 Journalistisches Arbeiten im Fagus-Werk mit Ernst Greten Vom 2. bis zum 5. November 2022 ist der n-report-Kurs zu Gast im Fagus-Werk, um Fotojournalismus praktisch zu lernen. Dies ist möglich durch eine Kooperation mit Fagus-GreCon in Alfeld. Am ersten Tag des Seminars spreche ich mit Ernst Greten - dem Urenkel des Firmengründers Carl Benscheidt - über das Spektrum der Arbeitsbereiche, die wir fotografieren dürfen, das Bauhaus als Geburtsstunde des modernen Bauens und das Unesco-Weltkulturberbe. Infos zum n-report-Kurs - journalistisches Arbeiten in der Schule. In Kürze mit Fotobeispielen: https://n-report.de Empfehlungen zur KMK-Strategie/ neue Aufgabenkultur https://www.kmk.org/fileadmin/veroeffentlichungen_beschluesse/2021/2021_12_09-Lehren-und-Lernen-Digi.pdf Infos zu Fagus Grecon in Alfeld: https://www.fagus-grecon.com/de/ Welterbe Fagus-Werk: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus-Werk Musik Herzlichen Dank an Jürgen Schlüter für den SMM Sound! Für Themenvorschläge, um Gäste zu empfehlen und um weiterzudiskutieren kommt in unsere Signal-Gruppe https://signal.group/#CjQKIC61VHuVRYs_PIcSzR5VbWGEz11l89gT_OEO9ME5HkhWEhB3MBzNVeBFtcu8OmIm6bq9 Kontakt team@schulemachtmedien.de --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/schulemachtmedien/message

Recorded by Chase Berggrun for Poem-a-Day, a series produced by the Academy of American Poets. Published on June 8, 2022. www.poets.org

From peeking over hedgerows to see flowers from a different viewpoint and scrumping apples on a horse, leading nursery expert Rosemary Hardy's love of plants and gardening blossomed from a very young age. Rosemary chats to Peter Brown and Chris Day about the development of the nursery from a walled garden just down the road to their current beautifully nurtured 13-acre Hampshire Nursery in Freefolk.Painting with plants is Rosemary's mantra and we find out about the fascinating perennial flower scene as well discovering the philosophy of right plants, right place. Rosemary shares her wealth of plant knowledge and tells us about when things don't quite go to plan at the flower shows.We learn about the best size of plants to plant in the garden, tips to get your cottage garden plants established and find out more about the process of creating those Gold winning displays at the famous Royal Horticultural Society's shows.First time gardener perennials: Go for strong plants such as Alchemilla, Centranthus, Coreopsis, hardy Geranium, Geum, Lamium, Leucanthemum, Nepeta such as ‘Six Hills Giant', Persicaria and Rudbeckia.Light shade perennials include Aquilegia, Bergenia, Veronica and Veronicastrum.Perennials with roses: Asters (Michealmas daisies), Astrantia, Gaura (now called Oenothera) and Campanula, especially the carpeting types.Best plants to get young gardeners going: Sweet peas (watching the tendrils twine, quick growing and wonderful scent), consider fast growing annual seeds like Cornflowers and Nasturtium, members of the daisy family and for growing involvement Geum rivale, which is easily propagated.You Tube video most asked question – Will this grow in a pot!Rosemary's favourites include Cirsium, Oenothera lindheimeri Rosyjane (PBR), Anemone ‘Frilly Knickers', Geum ‘Totally Tangerine' (PBR) and Geum ‘Scarlet Tempest' (Macgeu001'PBR)Desert Island plant: Fagus sylvatica, a beautiful native green beech which changes beautifully through the seasons.Hardy's Cottage Garden Plants, Priory Lane, Freefolk, Whitchurch, Hampshire RG28 7FA Tel: 01256 896533.Website: https://www.hardysplants.co.ukRosemary Hardy Gardening YouTube ChannelHardy's show dates and eventsWe stock a wide range of herbaceous perennials at the Garden Centre and through our websiteOur thanks to Chiltern Music Therapy for providing the music. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

We meet Professor Greg Jordan - a scientist who shares his love of the fascinating Fagus tree, which turns the Tasmanian high country into a riot of autumn colour each year.

Tertulia gastronómica semanal presentada por el periodista Jonatan Armengol. Esta semana nos acercaremos a unas parrilladas únicas. Nos acompañará Carlos Martel, CEO de "El Huaso", empresa dedicada al catering temático especializada en carnes a la brasa a domicilio. También estará con nosotros Enrique Chueca, gerente de Bodegas Aragonesas ubicadas en Fuendejalón y con D.O. en Campo de Borja. Destacamos sus vinos Coto de Hayas garnacha Centenaria y Fagus.

Our Chief Horticulturist Guy Barter wanders into Hampton Court Palace's historic yew maze to meet Gardens Manager Graham Dillamore. Once haunt of kings and queens, this 300 year old spread of tortuous topiary now welcomes thousands of visitors and contains valuable lessons for modern-day gardeners too. Guy offers hedge planting and maintenance advice before handing over to Dr Stephanie Bird who shares the latest thinking on box tree moth, a recent arrival to Britain that can devastate plantings of box (Buxus sempervirens). Did you know that hedges have some powerful environmental benefits? Recent RHS research shows they can reduce pollution levels, help prevent flooding and even provide habitat for wildlife and food for pollinators. RHS scientist Dr Mark Gush explains more, and shares details of the best plants to use. Useful links Hampton Court Palace maze Hampton Court Palace Garden Festival RHS advice on growing and maintaining hedges Box tree moth (includes info on planting alternatives to box) Hedges with environmental benefits Plants mentioned (to find suppliers please visit RHS Find a Plant or the RHS online plant shop) Yew (Taxus baccata), western red cedar (Thuja plicata), hawthorn (Crataegus) and cotoneaster (Cotoneaster franchetii and others), beech (Fagus sylvatica), pyracantha, Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii), cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus), holly (Ilex aquifolium), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus)

Tue, 01 Mar 2022 07:00:00 +0000 https://der-pott-grast.podigee.io/8-der-pott-grast-buche 21c89c89f5f0c3cba1f69a03083cdcd4 8 full Bild einer Bedeutungsträgerin no Buche,Natur,Kleingarten,Ruhrgebiet,Julia Hoch,Arbor,Fagus,Arbiträr,Biotopbaum,Hella-Birgit Mascus Julia Hoch Text, Hella-Birgit Mascus Stimme

Has the European beech (Fagus sylvatica) been man's best friend since time-immemorial, or has it just been doing it best to impress the whole time? This week we discuss the complex history of the European beech, but the jury is still out if it's a natural history or unnatural. Completely Arbortrary is produced by Alex Crowson and Casey Clapp Artwork - Jillian Barthold Music - Aves & The Mini Vandals Find Additional Reading at arbortrarypod.com Join the Cone of the Month Club patreon.com/arbortrarypod Follow our Instagram @arbortrarypod --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/completely-arbortrary/support

Our thirty-fifth tree, Beech (Fagus sylvatica). Without the Beech, we would not have literature (ish). The tree has been so useful to human/British kind that its substantial distribution across the country proudly represents this. It has fed us, clothed us, given us books to read and even provided us with a soft bed for the night - but NONE of this would be possible without its fungal friends. This week we examine the first of the Fagaceae and the fungi that feed her. This is the Queen tree; our Mother tree - or indeed ‘Der Mutterbaum' - for we'll be popping across to Germany for a little of this episode… as such, special thanks to Goetz Otto and Peter Wohlleben for adding their voices to this episode. More from David Oakes as he uproots the secrets and stories beneath the 56(ish) Native Trees of the British Isles can be found at: https://www.treesacrowd.fm/56Trees/ Weekly episodes available early AND bonus content made free to forage by "Subscribtion Squirrels" on our Patreon. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In this episode, we continue to travel the world to bring you more music from the metal genre. I hope you enjoy it!

durée : 00:01:53 - Tous au jardin FB Orléans - Jean-Paul Imbault notre expert en jardinage a toujours un bon conseil à nous donner le matin sur France Bleu Orléans !

In this shorter episode I recorded a circular walk from home, checking up on an old beech tree in an area of woodland known as the Sussex Weald. This is the first outdoor pod for Unlocking Landscapes, with lots of natural soundscapes to enjoy: mud, ice, streams, bog and birdsong. The areas of interest here are: Woodland streams, known in this area as 'gills' Heathlands and plantations Wood ants Sphagnum moss bogs Ancient and veteran trees, especially beech (Fagus sylvatica) I'd love to know what you think  of this type of episode and if you'd like to hear more in future. Thanks so much for listening and I hope you enjoy. Daniel   Episode recorded and edited by Daniel Greenwood in the West Sussex High Weald High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty: http://www.highweald.org/ Unlocking Landscapes website Unlocking Landscapes Twitter

Today we talk about my favorite tree the American Beech! Check out the instagram for pictures from what we talked about in this episode as well as the others! The handle is @thegreatnortheastpodcast

The McAbee Fossil Beds are known for their incredible abundance, diversity and quality of fossils including lovely plant, insect and fish species that lived in an old lake bed setting 52-53 million years ago. The fossils are preserved here as impressions and carbonaceous films. We see gymnosperm (16 species); a variety of conifers (14 species to my knowledge); two species of ginkgo, a large variety of angiosperm (67 species); a variety of insects and fish remains, the rare feather and a boatload of mashed deciduous material. Nuts and cupules are also found from the dicotyledonous Fagus and Ulmus and members of the Betulaceae, including Betula and Alnus. We see many species that look very similar to those growing in the Pacific Northwest today. Specifically, cypress, dawn redwood, fir, spruce, pine, larch, hemlock, alder, birch, dogwood, beech, sassafras, cottonwood, maple, elm and grape. If we look at the pollen data, we see over a hundred highly probable species from the site. Though rare, McAbee has also produced spiders, birds (and lovely individual feathers) along with multiple specimens of the freshwater crayfish, Aenigmastacus crandalli. For insects, we see dragonflies, damselflies, cockroaches, termites, earwigs, aphids, leafhoppers, spittlebugs, lacewings, a variety of beetles, gnats, ants, hornets, stick insects, water striders, weevils, wasps and March flies. The insects are particularly well-preserved. Missing are the tropical Sabal (palm), seen at Princeton and the impressive Ensete (banana) and Zamiaceae (cycad) found at Eocene sites in Republic and Chuckanut, Washington.

This week on News Time, we hear all about migratory birds, leatherback turtles and fossilised frogs frozen in Antarctica...

This week on News Time, we hear all about migratory birds, leatherback turtles and fossilised frogs frozen in Antarctica...

Released by: Sound Avenue

I det sjätte avsnittet pratar vi träd. Vilka träd har vi i våra trädgårdar och vilka träd önskar vi att vi hade? Vi pratar lite extra om begreppet vårdträd, vem bor i ett sådant? Avsnittet belyser särskilt lite större träd som bl.a. valnöt (Juglans), vingnöt (Pterocarya) och bok (Fagus sylvatica).

Hello Listener! Thank you for listening.  If you would like to support the podcast, and keep the lights on, you can support us whenever you use Amazon through the link below: It will not cost you anything extra, and I can not see who purchased what. Or you can become a Fluffle Supporter by donating through Patreon.com at the link below: Patreon/Hare of the Rabbit What's this Patreon? Patreon is an established online platform that allows fans to provide regular financial support to creators. Patreon was created by a musician who needed a easy way for fans to support his band. What do you need? Please support Hare of the Rabbit Podcast financially by becoming a Patron. Patrons agree to a regular contribution, starting at $1 per episode. Patreon.com takes a token amount as a small processing fee, but most of your money will go directly towards supporting the Hare of the Rabbit Podcast. You can change or stop your payments at any time. You can also support by donating through PayPal.com at the link below: Hare of the Rabbit PayPal Thank you for your support, Jeff Hittinger. Snow Shoe Hare - Snoring and Nasal Obstruction in Rabbits - The Shot Hare - Perplexing Difference between Hares and Rabbits Hares and rabbits are related, but there are some key differences. Hares tend to be larger than rabbits and have longer legs and bigger ears. When threatened, rabbits typically freeze and rely on camouflage, as compared to hares, who use their big feet to flee at the first sign of danger. Rabbits are born blind and helpless, while hares are born fully furred and ready to run. About the Snowshoe Hare Snowshoe hares are forest-dwellers that prefer the thick cover of brushy undergrowth. The smallest species of the Lepus genus, the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) is a rabbit-sized mammal that is incredibly adapted to its seasonally variable environment. The snowshoe hare is named for its hind feet, which are adapted for traveling across snowy ground and are therefore noticeably large relative to the hare’s body mass. Population Range The snowshoe hare has the most extensive range of all New World hares and is found in many northern and western U.S. states, as well as in all provinces of Canada except Nunavut. They are primarily a northern species that inhabits boreal forests and can also range as far north as the shores of the Arctic Ocean. Along North American mountain ranges, where elevation simulates the environment of more northerly latitudes, they can be found as far south as Virginia (the Appalachians) and New Mexico (the Rockies). Snowshoe hares occur from Newfoundland to Alaska; south in the Sierra Nevada to central California; in the Rocky Mountains to southern Utah and northern New Mexico; and in the Appalachian Mountains to North Carolina and Tennessee. Snowshoe hares are primarily found in boreal forests and upper montane forests; within these forests, they favor habitats with a dense shrub layer. In the Pacific Northwest, snowshoe hares occupy diverse habitats, including mature conifers (mostly Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii] and variants), immature conifers, alder (Alnus spp.)/salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)/salal (Gaultheria shallon), and cedar (Thuja spp.) swamps. In western Oregon, snowshoe hares were present in brush patches of vine maple (Acer circinatum), willows (Salix spp.), rhododendrons (Rhododendron spp.), and other shrubs. In Utah, snowshoe hares used Gambel oak (Quercus gambelli) in the northern portion of the Gambel oak range. In the Southwest, the southernmost populations of snowshoe hares occur in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, New Mexico, in subalpine scrub: narrow bands of shrubby and prostrate conifers at and just below timberline that are usually composed of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata), limber pine (P. flexilis), and/or common juniper (Juniperus communis). In Minnesota, snowshoe hares use jack pine (P. banksiana) uplands, edges, tamarack (Larix laricina) bogs, black spruce (Picea mariana) bogs, and sedge (Carex spp.), alder, and scrub fens. In New England, snowshoe hares favor second-growth aspen (Populus spp.)-birch (Betula spp.) near conifers, but other forest types occupied by snowshoe hares include aspens, paper birch (B. papyrifera), northern hardwoods, red maple (A. rubrum), balsam fir (Abies balsamea), red spruce (Picea rubens)-balsam fir, eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), northern red oak (Quercus rubra), oak (Quercus spp.)-pine (Pinus spp.), eastern white pine (P. strobus)-northern red oak-red maple, and eastern white pine. Snowshoe hares also use shrub swamps dominated by buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), alders, and silky dogwood (Cornus ammomum). Locations of subspecies are as follows: Lepus americanus americanus (Erxleben) – Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Montana, and North Dakota L. a. cascadensis (Nelson) – British Columbia and Washington L. a. columbiensis (Rhoads) – British Columbia, Alberta, and Washington L. a. dalli (Merriam) – Mackenzie District, British Columbia, Alaska, Yukon L. a. klamathensis (Merriam) – Oregon and California L. a. oregonus (Orr) – Oregon L. a. pallidus (Cowan) – British Columbia L. a. phaeonotus (J. A. Allen) – Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota L. a. pineus (Dalquest) – British Columbia, Idaho, and Washington L. a. seclusus (Baker and Hankins) – Wyoming L. a. struthopus (Bangs) – Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Maine L. a. tahoensis (Orr) – California, western Nevada L. a. virginianus (Harlan) – Ontario, Quebec, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and Tennessee L. a. washingtonii (Baird) – British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon Description Snowshoe hares have an interesting adaptation that helps protect them against predators. Depending on the season, their fur can be a different color. During the winter, snowshoe hares are white, which helps them blend in with the snow. When the seasons change to spring and summer, snowshoe hares turn a reddish-brown. This color helps them camouflage with dirt and rocks. Not every part of the snowshoe hare changes color throughout the year. An important identification trick is to look at a snowshoe hare's ears. The tips of the ears are always black no matter the season. The hind legs of a snowshoe hare are noticeably larger, and have more fur and larger toes than those of other rabbits or hares. These adaptations provide additional surface area and support for walking on snow. The hind legs are what give the hare its common name. The fur of the snowshoe hare is extremely thick and has one of the highest insulation values of all mammals. Another adaptation which ensures that the snowshoe hare can survive in an environment that drastically changes seasonally is that its fur changes color between summer and winter. In winter, almost all individuals undergo molting that transforms the hare’s brown summer coat into one that is pure white apart from the black-tipped ears and the feet, which remain grey. It is thought that this enables the snowshoe hare to become camouflaged, and has evolved to coincide with snow cover. The snowshoe hare’s relatively short ears are also an adaptation to reduce heat loss in the winter. The female of this species tends to weigh approximately 10 to 25 percent more than the male. Physical Description Snowshoe hares range in length from 413 to 518 mm, of which 39 to 52 mm are tail. The hind foot, long and broad, measures 117 to 147 mm in length. The ears are 62 to 70 mm from notch to tip. Snowshoe hares usually weigh between 1.43 and 1.55 kg. Males are slightly smaller than females, as is typical for leporids. In the summer, the coat is a grizzled rusty or grayish brown, with a blackish middorsal line, buff flanks and a white belly. The face and legs are cinnamon brown. The ears are brownish with black tips and white or creamy borders. During the winter, the fur is almost entirely white, except for black eyelids and the blackened tips on the ears. The soles of the feet are densely furred, with stiff hairs (forming the snowshoe) on the hind feet. Coloring Hares are a bit larger than rabbits, and they typically have taller hind legs and longer ears. Snowshoe hares have especially large, furry feet that help them to move atop snow in the winter. They also have a snow-white winter coat that turns brown when the snow melts each spring. It takes about ten weeks for the coat to completely change color. The snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), also called the varying hare, or snowshoe rabbit, is a species of hare found in North America. It has the name "snowshoe" because of the large size of its hind feet. The animal's feet prevent it from sinking into the snow when it hops and walks. Its feet also have fur on the soles to protect it from freezing temperatures. For camouflage, its fur turns white during the winter and rusty brown during the summer. Its flanks are white year-round. The snowshoe hare is also distinguishable by the black tufts of fur on the edge of its ears. Its ears are shorter than those of most other hares. Preferred habitat Major variables in habitat quality include average visual obstruction and browse biomass. Snowshoe hares prefer young forests with abundant under-stories. The presence of cover is the primary determinant of habitat quality, and is more significant than food availability or species composition. Species composition does, however, influence population density; dense softwood under-stories support greater snowshoe hare density than hardwoods because of cover quality. In Maine, female snowshoe hares were observed to be more common on sites with less cover but more nutritious forage; males tended to be found on sites with heavier cover. Winter browse availability depends on height of understory brush and winter snow depth; 6-to-8-foot-tall (1.8 to 2.4 m) saplings with narrow stem diameters are required for winter browse in heavy snow. In northern regions, snowshoe hares occupy conifer and mixed forests in all stages of succession, but early successional forests foster peak abundance. Deciduous forests are usually occupied only in early stages of succession. In New England, snowshoe hares preferred second-growth deciduous, coniferous, and mixed woods with dense brushy under stories; they appear to prefer shrubby old-field areas, early- to mid-successional burns, shrub-swamps, bogs, and upper montane krumholz vegetation. In Maine, snowshoe hares were more active in clear-cut areas than in partially cut or uncut areas. Sapling densities were highest on 12- to 15-year-old plots; these plots were used more than younger stands. In northern Utah, they occupied all the later stages of succession on quaking aspen and spruce-fir, but were not observed in meadows. In Alberta, snowshoe hares use upland shrub-sapling stages of regenerating aspens (either postfire or postharvest). In British Columbia overstocked juvenile lodge-pole pine (Pinus contorta) stands formed optimal snowshoe hare habitat. In western Washington, most un-burned, burned, or scarified clear-cuts will normally be fully occupied by snowshoe hares within four to five years, as vegetation becomes dense. In older stands (more than 25 years), stem density begins to decline and cover for snowshoe hares decreases. However, in north-central Washington, they may not colonize clear-cuts until six or seven years, and it may take 20 to 25 years for their density to reach maximum. Winter snowshoe hare pellet counts were highest in 20-year-old lodge-pole pine stands, lower in older lodge-pole stands, and lowest in spruce-dominated stands. In western Oregon, snowshoe hares were abundant only in early successional stages, including stable brushfields. In west-central Oregon, an old-growth Douglas-fir forest was clear-cut and monitored through 10 years of succession. A few snowshoe hares were noted in adjacent virgin forest plots; they represented widely scattered, sparse populations. One snowshoe hare was observed on the disturbed plot 2.5 years after it had been clear-cut and burned; at this stage, ground cover was similar to that of the uncut forest. By 9 years after disturbance, snowshoe hare density had increased markedly. In western Washington, snowshoe hares routinely used steep slopes where cover was adequate; most studies, however, suggest they tend to prefer gentle slopes. Moonlight increases snowshoe hare vulnerability to predation, particularly in winter. They tend to avoid open areas during bright phases of the moon and during bright periods of a single night. Their activity usually shifts from coniferous under-stories in winter to hardwood under-stories in summer. Vegetative structure plays an important role in the size of snowshoe hare home ranges. Snowshoe hares wander up to 5 miles (8 km) when food is scarce. In Montana home ranges are smaller in brushy woods than in open woods. In Colorado and Utah, the average home range of both sexes was 20 acres (8.1 ha). On the Island of Montreal in Quebec, the average daily range for both sexes was 4 acres (1.6 ha) in old-field mixed woods. In Montana, the home range averaged 25 acres (10 ha) for males and 19 acres (7.6 ha) for females. In Oregon the average snowshoe hare home range was 14.6 acres (5.9 ha).[32] Home Range During its active period, a hare may cover up to 0.02 square kilometers of its 0.03 to 0.07 square kilometer home range. Cover requirements Snowshoe hares require dense, brushy, usually coniferous cover; thermal and escape cover are especially important for young hares. Low brush provides hiding, escape, and thermal cover. Heavy cover 10 feet (3 m) above ground provides protection from avian predators, and heavy cover 3.3 feet (1 m) tall provides cover from terrestrial predators. Overwinter survival increases with increased cover. A wide variety of habitat types are used if cover is available. Base visibility in good snowshoe hare habitat ranges from 2% at 16.5 feet (5 m) distance to 0% at 66 feet (20 m). Travel cover is slightly more open, ranging from 14.7% visibility at 16.5 feet (5 m) to 2.6% at 66 feet (20 m). Areas with horizontal vegetation density of 40 to 100% at 50 feet (15 m) are adequate snowshoe hare habitat in Utah. Food habits Snowshoe hares eat a variety of plant materials. Forage type varies with season. Succulent green vegetation is consumed when available from spring to fall; after the first frost, buds, twigs, evergreen needles, and bark form the bulk of snowshoe hare diets until spring greenup. Snowshoe hares typically feed at night and follow well-worn forest paths to feed on various plants and trees. Winter Snowshoe hares prefer branches, twigs, and small stems up to 0.25 inch (6.3 mm) diameter; larger stems are sometimes used in winter. In Yukon, they normally eat fast-growing birches and willows, and avoid spruce. At high densities, however, the apical shoots of small spruce are eaten. The snowshoe hare winter diet is dominated by bog birch (Betula glandulosa), which is preferred but not always available. Greyleaf willow (Salix glauca) is eaten most often when bog birch is not available. Buffaloberry (Shepherdia canadensis) is the fourth most common diet item. White spruce (Picea glauca) is eaten, but not preferred. In Alaska, spruce, willows, and alders comprise 75% of snowshoe hare diets; spruce needles make up nearly 40% of the diet. In northwestern Oregon, winter foods include needles and tender bark of Sitka spruce, Douglas-fir, and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla); leaves and green twigs of salal; buds, twigs, and bark of willows; and green herbs. In north-central Washington, willows and birches are not plentiful; snowshoe hares browse the tips of lodgepole pine seedlings. In Utah, winter foods include Douglas-fir, willows, snowberry (Symphoricarpos spp.), maples, and serviceberry (Amelanchier spp.). In Minnesota, aspens, willows, hazelnut (Corylus spp.), ferns (Pteridophyta spp.), birches, alders, sumacs (Rhus spp.), and strawberries (Fragaria spp.) are winter foods. Winter foods in New York include eastern white pine, red pine (Pinus resinosa), white spruce, paper birch, and aspens. In Ontario, sugar maple (Acer saccharum), striped maple (A. pensylvanicum), red maple, other deciduous species, northern white-cedar (T. occidentalis), balsam fir, beaked hazelnut (C. cornuta), and buffaloberry were heavily barked. In New Brunswick, snowshoe hares consumed northern white-cedar, spruces, American beech (Fagus grandifolia), balsam fir, mountain maple (A. spicatum), and many other species of browse. In Newfoundland, paper birch is preferred. Spring, summer and autumn In Alaska, snowshoe hares consume new leaves of blueberries (Vaccinium spp.), new shoots of field horsetails (Equisetum arvense), and fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium) in spring. Grasses are not a major item due to low availability associated with sites that have adequate cover. In summer, leaves of willows, black spruce, birches, and bog Labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum) are also consumed. Black spruce is the most heavily used and the most common species in the area. Pen trials suggest black spruce is not actually preferred. Roses (Rosa spp.) were preferred, but a minor dietary item, as they were not common in the study area. In northwest Oregon, summer foods include grasses, clovers (Trifolium spp.), other forbs, and some woody plants, including Sitka spruce, Douglas-fir, and young leaves and twigs of salal. In Minnesota, aspens, willows, grasses, birches, alders, sumacs, and strawberries are consumed when green. In Ontario, summer diets consist of clovers, grasses, and forbs. Behavior Snowshoe hares feed at night, following well worn forest paths to feed on trees and shrubs, grasses, and plants. These animals are nimble and fast, which is fortunate, because they are a popular target for many predators. Lynx, fox, coyote, and even some birds of prey hunt this wary hare. Hares like to take dust baths. These help to remove ectoparasites from the hares' fur. Snowshoe hares are also accomplished swimmers. They occasionally swim across small lakes and rivers, and they have been seen entering the water in order to avoid predators. With the hindfeet splayed and the front feet close together, a snowshoe hare can erupt into a full run from a sitting position, attaining bursts of speeds of up to 40-56 km/h (25-35 mph) in a matter of seconds. Social System - The species is solitary, promiscuous, and sedentary. Males compete aggressively for receptive females, biting and scratching each other. Rarely, such encounters prove fatal to one of the combatants. Both sexes occupy small, overlapping home ranges of 1.6-4.8 ha (4-12 acre) that vary in shape with the configuration of the habitat. This species, which is well known for its dramatic fluctuations in numbers in other parts of its range, maintains relatively stable populations is the Adirondacks, and within suitable habitat, some of the highest densities anywhere, 1.7 per ha (0.7 per acre) Communication - Snowshoe hares use visual, tactile, vocal, chemical, and mechanical signals to communicate. Individuals "thump" with their hindfeet, perhaps as an alarm signal. During courtship, partners may touch noses before a male rushes or chases the female. Chases then alternate between the two, both stopping abruptly and turing to leap over the back of the other. Both may urinate on the other while leaping. Snowshoe hares perform guttural hisses at the conclusion of mating, and grunt, snort, or growl in other contexts. When captured, injured or frightened, they may scream. Communication and Perception Snowshoe hares have acute hearing, which presumably helps them to identify approaching predators. They are not particularly vocal animals, but may make loud squealing sounds when captured. When engaging in aggressive activities, these animals may hiss and snort. Most communication between hares involves thumping the hind feet against the ground. In summer, it feeds on plants such as grass, ferns and leaves; in winter, it eats twigs, the bark from trees, and buds from flowers and plants and, similar to the Arctic hare, has been known to steal meat from baited traps. Hares are carnivorous under the availability of dead animals, and have been known to eat dead rodents such as mice due to low availability of protein in a herbivorous diet. It can sometimes be seen feeding in small groups. This animal is mainly active at night and does not hibernate. The snowshoe hare has been reported to make many characteristic hare vocalizations, which are mainly emitted as a result of fear or stress associated with capture or predation. A common snowshoe hare vocalization is a high-pitched squeal, and other noises include whines, grunts and clicking sounds. Snowshoe hares are crepuscular to nocturnal. They are shy and secretive and spend most of the day in shallow depressions, called forms, scraped out under clumps of ferns, brush thickets, and downed piles of timber. They occasionally use the large burrows of mountain beavers (Aplodontia rufa) as forms. The snowshoe hare is a social species and has been spotted in groups of up to 25 individuals in one forest clearing at night, unlike most other Lepus species which are solitary until the mating season. Diurnal activity level increases during the breeding season. Juveniles are usually more active and less cautious than adults. Snowshoe hares are active year-round. The breeding season for hares is stimulated by new vegetation and varies with latitude, location, and yearly events (such as weather conditions and phase of snowshoe hare population cycle). Breeding generally begins in late December to January and lasts until July or August. In northwestern Oregon, male peak breeding activity (as determined by testes weight) occurs in May and is at the minimum in November. In Ontario, the peak is in May and in Newfoundland, the peak is in June. Female estrus begins in March in Newfoundland, Alberta, and Maine, and in early April in Michigan and Colorado. First litters of the year are born from mid-April to May. The gestation period is 35 to 40 days; most studies report 37 days as the average length of gestation. Litters average three to five leverets depending on latitude, elevation, and phase of population cycle, ranging from one to seven. Deep snow-pack increases the amount of upper-branch browse available to snowshoe hares in winter, and therefore has a positive relationship with the nutritional status of breeding adults. Litters are usually smaller in the southern sections of their range since there is less snow. Newborns are fully furred, open-eyed, and mobile. T hey leave the natal form within a short time after birth, often within 24 hours. After leaving the birthplace, siblings stay near each other during the day, gathering once each evening to nurse. Weaning occurs at 25 to 28 days except for the last litter of the season, which may nurse for two months or longer. Female snowshoe hares can become pregnant anytime after the 35th day of gestation. The second litter can therefore be conceived before the first litter is born (snowshoe hares have twin uteri). Pregnancy rates ranged from 78 to 100% for females during the period of first litter production, 82 to 100% for second litters, and for the periods of third and fourth litters pregnancy rates vary with population cycle. In Newfoundland, the average number of litters per female per year ranged from 2.9 to 3.5, and in Alberta the range was from 2.7 to 3.3. In Alberta the average number of litters per year was almost 3 just after a population peak and 4 just after the population low. Females normally first breed as 1-year-olds. Juvenile breeding is rare and has only been observed in females from the first litter of the year and only in years immediately following a low point in the population cycle. Reproduction Like most hares (and rabbits), snowshoe hares are prolific breeders. Females have two or three litters each year, which include from one to eight young per litter. Young hares, called leverets, require little care from their mothers and can survive on their own in a month or less. Snowshoe hare populations fluctuate cyclically about once a decade—possibly because of disease. These waning and waxing numbers greatly impact the animals that count on hares for food, particularly the lynx. The snowshoe hare may have up to four litters in a year which average three to eight young. Males compete for females, and females may breed with several males. Young snowshoe hares, known as leverets, are born in nests which consist of shallow depressions dug into the ground. They are born with a full coat of fur and with their eyes open, and remain concealed within dense vegetation. The female snowshoe hare visits the leverets to nurse them. Hares greatly influence the world around them, including the vegetation, predators, and other herbivores and omnivores that live in the same habitats. Hares browse heavily on vegetation. Browsing affects the growth of plants and stimulates plants to produce secondary compounds that make them unpalatable for hares and other omnivores. Predation The relationship between snowshoe hares and their year-round predators including lynx, great-horned owls, and northern goshawks is well documented. These and other predators such as golden eagles depend on snowshoe hares as a food source early in the nesting season. Across the boreal forest, the population size and reproductive success of many predators cycles with the abundance of hare. In Yukon, 30-day survival of radio-tagged leverets was 46%, 15%, and 43% for the first, second, and third litters of the year, respectively. There were no differences in mortality in plots with food added. The main proximate cause of mortality was predation by small mammals, including red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) and Arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii). Littermates tended to live or die together more often than by chance. Individual survival was negatively related to litter size and positively related to body size at birth. Litter size is negatively correlated with body size at birth. Snowshoe hares are experts at escaping predators. Young hares often "freeze" in their tracks when they are alerted to the presence of a predator. Presumably, they are attempting to escape notice by being cryptic. Given the hare's background-matching coloration, this strategy is quite effective. Older hares are more likely to escape predators by fleeing. At top speed, a snowshoe hare can travel up to 27 mile per hour. An adult hare can cover up to 10 feet in a single bound. In addition to high speeds, hares employ skillful changes in direction and vertical leaps, which may cause a predator to misjudge the exact position of the animal from one moment to the next. Important predators of snowshoe hares include gray foxes, red foxes, coyotes, wolves, lynx, bobcats and mink. Predators The snowshoe hare is a major prey item for a number of predators. Major predators include Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), bobcats (L. rufus), fishers (Martes pennanti), American martens (M. americana), long-tailed weasels (Mustela frenata), minks (M. vison), foxes (Vulpes and Urocyon spp.), coyote (Canis latrans), domestic dogs (C. familiaris), domestic cats (Felis catus), wolves (C. lupus), mountain lions (Felis concolor), great horned owls (Bubo virginianus), barred owls (Strix varia), spotted owls (S. occidentalis), other owls, red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis), other hawks (Buteonidae), golden eagles (Aquila chryseatos), and crows and ravens. Other predators include black bears (Ursus americanus). In Glacier National Park snowshoe hares are a prey item of Rocky Mountain wolves (Canis lupus irremotus). A major predator of the snowshoe hare is the Canadian lynx. Historical records of animals caught by fur hunters over hundreds of years show the lynx and hare numbers rising and falling in a cycle, which has made the hare known to biology students worldwide as a case study of the relationship between numbers of predators and their prey. Northern populations of snowshoe hares undergo cycles that range from seven to 17 years between population peaks. The average time between peaks is approximately 10 years. The period of abundance usually lasts for two to five years, followed by a population decline to lower numbers or local scarcity. Areas of great abundance tend to be scattered. Populations do not peak simultaneously in all areas, although a great deal of synchronicity occurs in northern latitudes. From 1931 to 1948, the cycle was synchronized within one or two years over most of Canada and Alaska, despite differences in predators and food supplies. In central Alberta, low snowshoe hare density occurred in 1965, with 42 to 74 snowshoe hares per 100 acres (40 ha). The population peak occurred in November 1970 with 2,830 to 5,660 snowshoe hares per 100 acres (40 ha). In the southern parts of its range, snowshoe hare populations do not fluctuate radically. As well as being prey to a number of forest animals, the snowshoe hare is hunted mainly for food by humans, particularly in Canada. Habitat loss and fragmentation, and possibly climate change, also threaten populations of the snowshoe hare. Clear-cutting of forests, whereby most or all of the trees in an area are cut down, reduces the area of ideal habitat for the snowshoe hare, which tends not to venture into open areas. The hares reach maturity after one year. Many hares do not live this long. But some hares can live as long as five years in the wild. Snowshoe hare conservation Although the snowshoe hare currently has a stable population trend and is not currently considered to be threatened, there are some conservation strategies in place for this species. In order to increase populations of the snowshoe hare in some southern states, hunting has been banned either permanently or temporarily, although it is not certain how effective this has been. In some areas, snowshoe hares have been bred in captivity and introduced to the wild in order to artificially boost populations. However, this has not been overly successful as many of these hares die during transport, and those that are introduced to the habitat are extremely susceptible to predation. Predator control has been suggested as a means of reducing mortality in the snowshoe hare, but this method produces several challenges for conservationists. Further research into various aspects of the snowshoe hare’s ecology has been recommended, as well as long-term monitoring of the species’ population trends, and studies on the impact of specific forestry management. In addition, the snowshoe hare occurs in several U.S. National Wildlife Refuges (NWR), including Koyukuk NWR, Red Rock Lakes NWR and Kodiak NWR, which are likely to afford it some protection. Snowshoe hares have been widely studied. One of the more interesting things known about hares are the dramatic population cycles that they undergo. Population densities can vary from 1 to 10,000 hares per square mile. The amplitude of the population fluctuations varies across the geographic range. It is greatest in northwestern Canada, and least in the rocky Mountain region of the United States, perhaps because there is more biological diversity in more southerly regions. The lack of diversity in the Northwestern portion of the hare's range means that there are fewer links in the food chain, and therefore fewer species to buffer either dramatic population increases or decreases. Disease may play a part in population fluctuation. Pneumonococcus, ringworm, and salmonella have all been associated with population crashes. Snowshoe hares are also famous for their seasonal molts. In the summer, the coat of the hare is reddish brown or gray, but during the winter, the coat is snowy white. The molt usually takes about 72 days to reach completion, and it seems to be regulated by day-length. Interestingly, there seem to be two entirely different sets of hair follicles, which give rise to white and brown hairs, respectively.  In the wild as much as 85% of snowshoe hares do not live longer than one year. Individuals may live up to 5 years in the wild. Economic Importance for Humans: Positive Snowshoe hares are utilized widely as a source of wild meat. In addition to this, they are an important prey species for many predators whose furs are highly valued. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/s/snowshoe-hare/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowshoe_hare https://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Mammals/Snowshoe-Hare http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/who_we_are/ssc_specialist_groups_and_red_list_authorities_directory/mammals/lagomorph_specialist_group/ https://www.arkive.org/snowshoe-hare/lepus-americanus/ http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Lepus_americanus/ https://www.esf.edu/aec/adks/mammals/snowshoe_hare.htm https://www.denali.org/denalis-natural-history/snowshoe-hare/ https://www.nps.gov/articles/snowshoe-hare.htm Snoring and Nasal Obstruction in Rabbits Did you know rabbits snore? Even occurring while they are awake, it is generally a result of blockage in the animal's airway. Typically referred to as stertor and stridor, it can also occur if nasal tissues are weak or flaccid or from excessive fluid in the passages. Symptoms The symptoms, signs and types of stertor and stridor depend on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. For example, an extremely stressed rabbit or a rabbit with a lowered immune system may sound excessively hoarse while breathing. Other typical signs for rabbits suffering from stertor and stridor include: Sneezing Rapid or loud wheezing sounds during breathing Nasal discharge (sometimes due to sinusitis or rhinitis) Discharge from the eyes Lack of appetite Inability to chew or swallow Oral abscesses (especially in the teeth) Causes Rabbits tend to be nasal breathers and any physical deformity or unusual nasal structure can result in a lower-pitched (stertor) or higher-pitched (stridor) sound emanating from the airway or nose. There are, however, many other causes for stertor and stridor in rabbits. These include: Sinusitis and rhinitis Abscesses, elongated teeth or secondary bacterial infections Facial, nasal or other trauma affecting this region, including bites from other insects or animals Allergies and irritants including inhaling pollen, dust or other insects Tumors that lodge in the airway Dysfunction of the neuromuscular system, which may include hypothyroidism or diseases affecting the brainstem Swelling and edema in the upper respiratory system Inflammation of the soft palate or throat and voice box Anxiety or stress Diagnosis To diagnose the animal, a veterinarian will first determine where the sounds are originating from in the rabbit. They will then conduct various lab tests, including X-rays, which are used to explore the rabbit's nasal cavity and identify any facial abnormalities or signs of abscesses and bacterial infections, such as Pasteurella. Other procedures may include collecting cultures Treatment includes providing supplemental oxygen to the rabbit, when appropriate, and providing a quite, cool and calm environment in which to live. A rabbit must also have a clear and unobstructed airway, keeping its ear and nasal cavities clean and debris-free. To combat harmful bacterial infections from developing, the veterinarian may alter the rabbit's diet to include more leafy greens. Medications which are helpful to control bacterial sinusitis, rhinitis or other related infection include antibiotics. And while steroids may be used to reduce nasal swelling or inflammation, it can worsen bacterial infections and should only be used when absolutely necessary and under the direct care of a trained veterinarian. Living and Management Because stertor and stridor are often related to airway obstructions, there are many serious complications which may arise. Pulmonary edema, or fluid retention in the lungs or airway, is one such common example. It is, therefore, important to closely monitor the rabbit and bring it to the veterinarian's office for regular checkups and follow-up care during recovery. https://www.petmd.com/rabbit/conditions/nose/c_rb_stertor_stridor The Shot Hare Wales Beti Ifan was one of the witches of Bedd Gelert. Her fear had fallen upon nearly all the inhabitants, so that she was refused nothing by any one, for she had the reputation of being able to handle ghosts, and to curse people and their possessions. She therefore lived in comfort and ease, doing nothing except keeping her house moderately clean, and leaning on the lower half of her front door knitting and watching passers-by. But there was one man in the village, a cobbler and a skilled poacher, who feared neither Beti Ifan nor any other old hag of the kind. His great hobby was to tease and annoy the old woman by showing her a hare or a wild duck, and asking her if she would like to get it. When she replied she would, he used to hand it almost within her reach and then pull it back, and walk away. She could not do him much harm, as he had a birthmark above his breast; but she contrived a way by which she could have her revenge on him. She used to transform herself into a wild duck or hare, and continually appear before him on the meadows and among the trees whenever he went out poaching, but took good care to keep outside the reach of the gun. He, being a good shot, and finding himself missing so frequently, began to suspect something to be amiss. He knew of a doctor who was a "skilled man" living not far away, so he went to consult him. The doctor told him, "Next time you go out take with you a small branch of mountain ash, and a bit of vervain and place it under the stock of the gun." Then giving him a piece of paper with some writing on, he said, "When you see the hare, or any other creature of which you have some doubt, read this backward, and if it is old Beti you will see her in her own form, though she retain her assumed form; shoot at her legs, but mind you do not shoot her anywhere else." The next day, as he was working his way through a grove near Beti's house, he could see a large hare hopping in front of him. He drew out his paper and read as he was instructed; he then fired at her legs, and the hare ran towards Beti's cottage. He ran after it, and was just in time to see the hare jumping over the lower half of the house door. Going up to the cottage he could hear the old woman groaning; when he went in she was sitting by the fire with blood streaming from her legs. He was never again troubled with the hare-like appearances of old Beti'r Fedw. https://www.pitt.edu/~dash/type3055.html#haas © Copyrighted

Einige Infos zur Beech, die Bachblüten Essenz Nr. 3 . Sukadev spricht über dieseBach Blütenessenz. Was ist Rock Water Bachblüten Essenz ? Wer kann von dieser Blütenessenz Nutzen ziehen? Welche Bedeutung hat sie in Naturheilkunde, in der Persönlichkeitsentwicklung? Die botanische, also lateinische Bezeichnung für diese Essenz ist Beech Bachblüten Essenz ist Fagus sylvatica , deutsche Bezeichnung Rotbuche. Beechist die Bachblüte Nr. 3 in der Bachblütentherapie . Erfahre mehr darüber, bei welcher psychischen Disposition diese Bachblütenessenz helfen kann, und wie sie bei der eigenen Persönlichkeitsarbeit unterstützend wirkt. Beech Bachblüten Essenz Nr. 3 ist gut gegen Kritiksucht, Nörgelei, Kleinkrämertum, Bissiger Humor, Spott, Hohn, Sarkasmus , Verletzung durch Worte. , gut für die Entwicklung von Verständnis für andere, Toleranz für andere Sichtweisen, Offenheit, Einfühlungsvermögen. Diese Ausgabe des Naturheilkunde Podcasts ist die Tonspur eines Videos im Bewusst Leben Youtube Kanal.

When Codit is enticed by the appeal of washboard abs, Detective Dendro gets a call to explore the mystery of a beech tree (Fagus grandifolia) with stacked-up lines of horizontal bumps on its bark. Is this a wishy-washy situation or are washboard characteristics wonderful all around? Find out on this episode of Detective Dendro®. (Original story by Guy Meilleur)

Abstract – The ectomycorrhizal community structure in Beech coppices of different age The species composition of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities can be strongly influenced by the sylvicultural practises, abiotic and biotic factors, which determine interactions among the species. In order to determine the influence of the coppicing on EM community, shoot age, bedrock types, exposure, slope, humus features, soil conditions, sampling points locations were taken into account as the most representative and influencing factors in these soil ecological dynamics. In summer 2005, 2006 and 2007, in 7 [2-48-years-old] Beech [Fagus sylvatica (L.) Karst.] coppices located in the Province of Trento (northern Italy), a monitoring on the the root tipes was applied to compare these sites, and to give an additional instrument like a synthetic biological indicator for the traditional management strategies. In the present study the results confirmed the ectomycorrhizal community structure investigated in 7 beech coppices of different age was typical with the occurrence of few abundant species and many others with significantly lower abundance. Cenococcum geophilum was the most frequently detected species in each site and in each sample date. Morphological, anatomical and molecular investigations revealed a total of 60 anatomotypes. Of these 35 were unknown on Fagus sylvatica up to now. The investigations on the community composition can be considered a great contribution to the biodiversity of the Beech forest, with four detailed species descriptions: Fagirhiza byssoporioides, Fagirhiza entolomoides, Fagirhiza stellata and Hygrophorus penarius. Additional investigations using stable isotopes were necessary to understand the parasitic attitude shown by this species in these coppices. The investigation of the ECM community composition (species richness evenness, and dispersion, vitality and rate of mycorrhization) in relation to shoot age and to the main ecological factors revealed the absence of a real reaction to the coppicing, and the major importance of the slope or other ecological conditions to understand the species distribution. An aggregation of the species was releaved, but the species features didn't show a clear correlation with the ecological stand conditions, concerning the spatial distribution and the soil horizons. The results suggest that the coppice treatment in Beech, didn't have a significant effect on the EM community structure since 2 until 48 years from coppicing. Considering the stability of the EM community as a bioindicator of the ecosystem resilience, it can be supposed that a rational coppicing treatment could be a sustainable human activity, compatible with the ecosystem dynamics under these environmental conditions. Two more EM descriptions were performed: Pseudotomentella humicola on Picea abies and Sistotrema muscicola on Castanea sativa.

Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, Veränderungen innerhalb weniger Stunden nach UV-B-Exposition auf Protein- und Transkriptionsebene bei 10-wöchigen Buchensämlingen Fagus sylvatica L. zu analysieren. Dazu wurden Buchensamen unter standardisierten Bedingungen angezogen und von dem Zeitpunkt der Keimung an unter einem UV-B/PAR-Verhältnis exponiert, das den natürlichen Umweltbedingungen sehr ähnlich ist. Die UV-B-Exposition der 10-wöchigen Buchensämlinge erfolgte in einer UV-B-Pflanzenkammer, die das Lichtspektrum des Sonnenlichts simulierte. Die in einer Zeitkinetik geernteten Primärblätter dienten als Ausgangsmaterial für die Daten in der vorliegenden Arbeit. Die 2D-PAGE der löslichen Gesamtproteine und in vitro translatierten Proteine wurde stets zweifach durchgeführt und jeweils die Gele mit der besten Auflösung als Einzelbestimmung ausgewertet. Die Untersuchungen auf Ebene des löslichen Gesamtproteins der Buche Fagus sylvatica L. erfolgten mittels einer Zeitkinetik über 1 Woche, wobei täglich 1 mal geerntet wurde. Die 2DPAGE Analyse ergab über die gesamte Zeitkinetik betrachtet 1 UV-B-induziertes Protein gegenüber der Starklicht-Kontrolle: Protein 28 (17 kDa; pI 6,8). Die 2D-Analysen auf löslicher Gesamtproteinebene stimmten mit den Daten auf in vitro Translationsebene überein, wobei die Effekte auf Transkriptionsebene wesentlich stärker waren. Insbesondere nach 3 und 6 h UV-B-Exposition konnten auf Transkriptebene eine 60%-ige und 90%-ige Reprimierung gezeigt werden. Diese Reprimierung war transient und auf Proteinebene in geringerem Ausmaß zeitlich verzögert nachzuweisen. Diese Daten gaben Hinweise dafür, daß bei der Buche Fagus sylvatica L. infolge UV-B-Exposition eine Regulation auf Transkriptionsebene stattgefunden hat und die drastische Reprimierung der Transkripte verschiedener Gene nur transient war. Da diese Effekte auf Proteinebene wesentlich schwächer waren, deutete das darauf hin, daß sich die Buchensämlinge innerhalb weniger Stunden an die UV-B-Exposition adaptierten. Auf in vitro Translationsebene gab es bei der Buche Fagus sylvatica L. 18 mRNAs, die unter Berücksichtigung der UV-B- und Starklicht-Tagesgänge direkt dem UV-B-Effekt zugeordnet werden konnten. Es wurde belegt, daß infolge erhöhter UV-B-Exposition 10 Transkripte neu vorhanden waren und die Transkripte von 8 Proteinen nicht mehr nachgewiesen werden konnten. Diesen charakteristischen Veränderungen unterlagen überwiegend saure und basische Proteine. Die Effekte waren zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten der Kinetik zu sehen (7 h, 10 h, 18 h, 28 h und 31 h nach Versuchsbeginn). Die DDRT-PCR wurde eingesetzt, um UV-B-vermittelte Antworten auf Genebene in Buchenblättern zu identifizieren. Bei den isolierten cDNAs wurden geringe Homologien verschiedener Buchenklone in der TIGR-Arabidopsis thaliana-EST-Datenbank gefunden: UV-Breprimierte Buchenklone zeigten Ähnlichkeiten zur Peroxidase, zur „DNA directed RNA-Polymerase alpha chain“ und zu einem „ara-3, ras-related GTP-binding protein“. Durch UV-B-Exposition induzierte Buchenklone wiesen Homologien zu dem „ABI-3“, zu dem „phytochrome regulated gene“ und zur Squalen-Synthase auf. Die Sequenzen dieser Buchenklone wurden zum ersten Mal beschrieben. Erstmals wurde ein ribosomaler Klon L37 bei der Buche beschrieben. Die L37 mRNA wurde aufgrund erhöhter UV-B-Exposition transient induziert. Bei erhöhter Ozon-Behandlung erreichte das Transkript dieses Klons zwei zeitlich voneinander getrennte Maxima; das zweite Maximum (am 3. Tag der Behandlung, 1,6-fache Induktion) ging mit sichtbaren Ozon- Schäden an den jungen Seitentrieben der Buche einher. Die Funktion dieses Proteins ist bisher noch unbekannt. Für eine direkte Zuordnung der isolierten Klone zu den Proteinspots auf der 2D-PAGE müßte eine Sequenzierung der Proteinspots erfolgen. Die Menge der Proteinspots für eine Proteinsequenzierung war jedoch nicht ausreichend. Über die TIGR-Arabidopsis thaliana-EST-Datenbank wurde erstmalig ein nach UV-BExposition induzierter Buchenklon isoliert, der hohe Homologien zum „nascent polypeptide associated complex alpha chain“ aufwies. Dieses Transkript wurde bereits nach 3 h UV-BExposition transient induziert. Der durch Ozon-Exposition reprimierende Effekt wurde durch die kombinierte UV-B/Ozon-Exposition aufgehoben. Die UV-B-vermittelte Induktion dieser zwei Buchenklone unterstützten die auf der 2D-PAGE Analyse resultierende Hypothese, daß die Regulation nach UV-B-Exposition vor allem auf Transkriptionsebene stattzufinden scheint. Die Daten der vorliegenden Arbeit ergaben folgende Schlußfolgerungen: Das Differentielle Display wurde eingesetzt, um infolge UV-B-Exposition differentielle cDNAs in Buchenblättern zu klonieren. Mittels der durchgeführten Northern-Blots wurde gezeigt, daß die Veränderungen auf Transkriptebene durch erhöhte UV-B-Exposition bedingt waren. Die vorliegenden Daten belegten, daß 6 verschiedene Transkripte infolge UV-B-Exposition transient induziert wurden. Diese überwiegenden transienten Veränderungen wurden ebenso durch die Untersuchungen mittels 2D-PAGE auf löslicher Gesamtprotein- und Transkriptebene bestätigt. Das bedeutet, daß innerhalb kurzer Zeit eine Anpassung der Buche an die veränderten Umweltbedingungen erfolgte. Möglicherweise kann dies durch die Anzucht der Buchensämlinge unter UV-B und Schwachlicht begründet werden. Diese Bedingungen sind jedoch umweltrelevant, da die Pflanze in jungen Jahren unter schattigen Lichtbedingungen heranwächst. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden infolge abiotischer Streßbehandlung (erhöhtes UV-B) erstmals 2 eindeutig transient induzierte differentielle Buchenklone isoliert: der ribosomale Klon L37 und der „nascent polypeptide associated complex alpha chain“ Klon. Die durchgeführten Northern-Blot Analysen zeigten, daß sich diese 2 Klone als Kandidaten für Molekulare Marker zum Nachweis frühzeitiger UV-B-vermittelter Änderungen auf Transkriptebene bei Fagus sylvatica L. eignen.