Podcasts about Maji

Last time we spoke about the Battle of Taierzhuang. Following the fall of Nanjing in December 1937, the Second Sino-Japanese War entered a brutal phase of attrition as Japan sought to consolidate control and press toward central China. Chinese defense prioritized key rail corridors and urban strongholds, with Xuzhou, the JinPu and Longhai lines, and the Huai River system forming crucial lifelines. By early 1938, Japanese offensives aimed to link with forces around Beijing and Nanjing and encircle Chinese positions in the Central Yangtze region, threatening Wuhan. In response, Chiang Kai-shek fortified Xuzhou and expanded defenses to deter a pincer move, eventually amassing roughly 300,000 troops along strategic lines. Taierzhuang became a focal point when Japanese divisions attempted to press south and link with northern elements. Chinese commanders Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi, Tang Enbo, and Sun Lianzhong coordinated to complicate Japanese plans through offensive-defensive actions, counterattacks, and encirclement efforts. The victory, though numerically costly, thwarted immediate Japanese objectives and foreshadowed further attritional struggles ahead.   #171 The Flooding of the Yellow River Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. We last left off with a significant event during the Xuzhou campaign. Three Japanese divisions under General Itagaki Seishiro moved south to attack Taierzhuang and were met by forces commanded by Li Zongren, Sun Lianzhong, and Tang Enbo, whose units possessed a decent amount of artillery. In a two-week engagement from March 22 to April 7, the battle devolved into a costly urban warfare. Fighting was vicious, often conducted in close quarters and at night. The urban environment negated Japanese advantages in armor and artillery, allowing Chinese forces to contend on equal terms. The Chinese also disrupted Japanese logistics by resupplying their own troops and severing rear supply lines, draining Japanese ammunition, supplies, and reinforcements. By April 7, the Japanese were compelled to retreat, marking the first Chinese victory of the war. However both sides suffered heavy losses, with around 20,000 casualties on each side. In the aftermath of this rare victory, Chiang Kai-Shek pushed Tang Enbo and Li Zongren to capitalize on their success and increased deployments in the Taierzhuang theater to about 450,000 troops. Yet the Chinese Army remained hampered by fundamental problems. The parochialism that had crippled Chiang's forces over the preceding months resurfaced. Although the generals had agreed to coordinate in a war of resistance, each still prioritized the safety of his own troops, wary of Chiang's bid to consolidate power. Li Zongren, for example, did not deploy his top Guangxi provincial troops at Taierzhuang and sought to shift most of the fighting onto Tang Enbo's forces. Chiang's colleagues were mindful of the fates of Han Fuju of Shandong and Zhang Xueliang of Manchuria: Han was executed for refusing to fight, while Zhang, after allowing Chiang to reduce the size of his northeastern army, ended up under house arrest. They were right to distrust Chiang. He believed, after all, that provincial armies should come under a unified national command, which he would lead. From a national-unity perspective, his aspiration was not unreasonable. But it fed suspicion among other military leaders that participation in the anti-Japanese war would dilute their power. The divided nature of the command also hindered logistics, making ammunition and food supplies to the front unreliable and easy to cut off. By late April the Chinese had reinforced the Xuzhou area to between 450,000-600,000 to capitalize on their victory. However these armies were plagued with command and control issues. Likewise the Japanese licked their wounds and reinforced the area to roughly 400,000, with fresh troops and supplies flowing in from Tianjin and Nanjing. The Japanese continued with their objective of encircling Chinese forces. The North China Area Army comprised four divisions and two infantry brigades drawn from the Kwantung Army, while the Central China Expeditionary Army consisted of three divisions and the 1st and 2nd Tank Battalions along with motorized support units. The 5th Tank Battalion supported the 3rd Infantry Division as it advanced north along the railway toward Xuzhou. Fighting to the west, east, and north of Xuzhou was intense, resulting in heavy casualties on both sides. On 18 April, the Japanese advanced southward toward Pizhou. Tang Enbo's 20th Army Corps, together with the 2nd, 22nd, 46th, and 59th corps, resisted fiercely, culminating in a stalemate by the end of April. The 60th Corps of the Yunnan Army engaged the Japanese 10th Division at Yuwang Mountain for nearly a month, repelling multiple assaults. By the time it ceded its position to the Guizhou 140th Division and withdrew on 15 May, the corps had sustained losses exceeding half of its forces. Simultaneously, the Japanese conducted offensives along both banks of the Huai River, where Chinese defenders held out for several weeks. Nevertheless, Japanese artillery and aerial bombardment gradually tilted the balance, allowing the attackers to seize Mengcheng on 9 May and Hefei on 14 May. From there, the southern flank split into two parts: one force moved west and then north to cut off the Longhai Railway escape route from Xuzhou, while another division moved directly north along the railway toward Suxian, just outside Xuzhou. Simultaneously, to the north, Japanese units from north China massed at Jining and began moving south beyond Tengxian. Along the coast, an amphibious landing was made at Lianyungang to reinforce troops attacking from the east. The remaining portions of Taierzhuang were captured in May, a development symbolically significant to Tokyo. On 17 May, Japanese artillery further tightened the noose around Xuzhou, striking targets inside the city.  To preserve its strength, the Nationalist government ordered the abandonment of Xuzhou and directed its main forces to break out toward northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui, and eastern Henan. To deter the Japanese army's rapid westward advance and penetration into northern Henan and western Shandong, many leading military and political figures within the Nationalist government proposed breaching dams over the Yellow River to delay the offensive, a strategy that would have been highly advantageous to the Nationalist forces at the time. Chiang Kai-shek vetoed the proposal outright, insisting that the Nationalist army could still resist. He understood that with tens of millions of Chinese lives at stake and a sliver of hope remaining, the levee plan must not be undertaken. Then a significant battle broke out at Lanfeng. Chiang also recognized that defeat could allow the elite Japanese mechanized divisions, the 14th, 16th, and 10th, to advance directly toward Zhengzhou. If Zhengzhou fell, the Japanese mechanized forces on the plains could advance unimpeded toward Tongguan. Their southward push would threaten Xi'an, Xiangfan, and Nanyang, directly jeopardizing the southwest's rear defenses. Concurrently, the Japanese would advance along the Huai River north of the Dabie Mountains toward Wuhan, creating a pincer with operations along the Yangtze River.  Now what followed was arguably the most important and skillful Chinese maneuver of the Xuzhou campaign: a brilliantly executed strategic retreat to the south and west across the Jinpu railway line. On May 15, Li Zongren, in consultation with Chiang Kai-shek, decided to withdraw from Xuzhou and focus on an escape plan. The evacuation of civilians and military personnel began that day. Li ordered troops to melt into the countryside and move south and west at night, crossing the Jinpu Railway and splitting into four groups that would head west. The plan was to regroup in the rugged Dabie Mountains region to the south and prepare for the defense of Wuhan. Li's generals departed reluctantly, having held out for so long; Tang Enbo was said to have wept. Under cover of night, about forty divisions, over 200,000 men, marched out of Japanese reach in less than a week. A critical moment occurred on May 18, when fog and a sandstorm obscured the retreating troops as they crossed the Jinpu Railway. By May 21, Li wired Chiang Kai-shek to report that the withdrawal was complete. He mobilized nearly all of the Kuomintang Central Army's elite units, such as the 74th Army, withdrawn from Xuzhou and transferred directly to Lanfeng, with a resolute intent to “burn their boats.” The force engaged the Japanese in a decisive battle at Lanfeng, aiming to secure the last line of defense for the Yellow River, a position carrying the lives of millions of Chinese civilians. Yet Chiang Kai-shek's strategy was not universally understood by all participating generals, who regarded it as akin to striking a rock with an egg. For the battle of Lanfeng the Chinese mobilized nearly all of the Kuomintang Central Army's elite forces, comprising 14 divisions totaling over 150,000 men. Among these, the 46th Division of the 27th Army, formerly the Central Training Brigade and the 36th, 88th, and 87th Divisions of the 71st Army were German-equipped. Additionally, the 8th Army, the Tax Police Corps having been reorganized into the Ministry of Finance's Anti-Smuggling Corps, the 74th Army, and Hu Zongnan's 17th Corps, the new 1st Army, equipped with the 8th Division were elite Nationalist troops that had demonstrated strong performance in the battle of Shanghai and the battle of Nanjing, and were outfitted with advanced matériel. However, these so-called “elite” forces were heavily degraded during the campaigns in Shanghai and Nanjing. The 46th Division and Hu Zongnan's 17th Corps sustained casualties above 85% in Nanjing, while the 88th and 87th Divisions suffered losses of up to 90%. The 74th Army and the 36th Division also endured losses exceeding 75%. Their German-made equipment incurred substantial losses; although replenishment occurred, inventories resembled roughly a half-German and half-Chinese mix. With very limited heavy weapons and a severe shortage of anti-tank artillery, they could not effectively match the elite Japanese regiments. Hu Zongnan's 17th Corps maintained its national equipment via a close relationship with Chiang Kai-shek. In contrast, the 74th Army, after fighting in Shanghai, Nanjing, and Xuzhou, suffered heavy casualties, and the few German weapons it had were largely destroyed at Nanjing, leaving it to rely on a mix of domestically produced and Hanyang-made armaments. The new recruits added to each unit largely lacked combat experience, with nearly half of the intake having received basic training. The hardest hit was Li Hanhun's 64th Army, established less than a year prior and already unpopular within the Guangdong Army. Although classified as one of the three Type A divisions, the 155th, 156th, and 187th Divisions, it was equipped entirely with Hanyang-made firearms. Its direct artillery battalion possessed only about 20 older mortars and three Type 92 infantry guns, limiting its heavy firepower to roughly that of a Japanese battalion. The 195th Division and several miscellaneous units were even less prominent, reorganized from local militias and lacking Hanyang rifles. Additionally, three batches of artillery purchased from the Soviet Union arrived in Lanzhou via Xinjiang between March and June 1938. Except for the 52nd Artillery Regiment assigned to the 200th Division, the other artillery regiments had recently received their weapons and were still undergoing training. The 200th Division, had been fighting awhile for in the Xuzhou area and incurred heavy casualties, was still in training and could only deploy its remaining tank battalion and armored vehicle company. The tank battalion was equipped with T-26 light tanks and a small number of remaining British Vickers tanks, while the armored vehicle company consisted entirely of Italian Fiat CV33 armored cars. The disparity in numbers was substantial, and this tank unit did not participate in the battle.  As for the Japanese, the 14th Division was an elite Type A formation. Originally organized with four regiments totaling over 30,000 men, the division's strength was later augmented. Doihara's 14th Division received supplements, a full infantry regiment and three artillery regiments, to prevent it from being surrounded and annihilated, effectively transforming the unit into a mobile reinforced division. Consequently, the division's mounted strength expanded to more than 40,000 personnel, comprising five infantry regiments and four artillery regiments. The four artillery regiments, the 24th Artillery Regiment, the 3rd Independence Mountain Artillery Regiment, the 5th Field Heavy Artillery Regiment, and the 6th Field Heavy Artillery Regiment, possessed substantial heavy firepower, including 150mm heavy howitzers and 105mm long-range field cannons, placing them far in excess of the Nationalist forces at Lanfeng. In addition, both the 14th and later the 16th Divisions commanded tank regiments with nearly 200 light and medium tanks each, while Nationalist forces were markedly short of anti-tank artillery. At the same time, the Nationalist Air Force, though it had procured more than 200 aircraft of various types from the Soviet Union, remained heavily reliant on Soviet aid-to-China aircraft, amounting to over 100 machines, and could defend only a few cities such as Wuhan, Nanchang, and Chongqing. In this context, Japanese forces effectively dominated the Battle of Lanfeng. Moreover, reports indicate that the Japanese employed poison gas on the battlefield, while elite Nationalist troops possessed only a limited number of gas masks, creating a stark disparity in chemical warfare preparedness. Despite these disparities, Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalist government were initially unaware of the updated strength and composition of the Doihara Division. Faced with constrained options, Chiang chose to press ahead with combat operations. On May 12, 1939, after crossing the Yellow River, the IJA 14th Division continued its southward advance toward Lanfeng. The division's objective was to sever the Longhai Railway, disrupt the main Nationalist retreat toward Zhengzhou, and seize Zhengzhou itself. By May 15, the division split into two columns at Caoxian and moved toward key nodes on the Longhai Line. Major General Toyotomi Fusatarou led two infantry regiments, one cavalry regiment, and one artillery regiment in the main assault toward Kaocheng with the aim of directly capturing Lanfeng. Doihara led three infantry regiments and three artillery regiments toward Neihuang and Minquan, threatening Guide. In response, the Nationalist forces concentrated along the railway from Lanfeng to Guide, uniting Song Xilian's 71st Army, Gui Yongqing's 27th Army, Yu Jishi's 74th Army, Li Hanhun's 64th Army, and Huang Jie's 8th Army. From May 15 to 17, the Fengjiu Brigade, advancing toward Lanfeng, met stubborn resistance near Kaocheng from roughly five divisions under Song Xilian and was forced to shift its effort toward Yejigang and Neihuang. The defense near Neihuang, including Shen Ke's 106th Division and Liang Kai's 195th Division, ultimately faltered, allowing Doihara's division to seize Neihuang, Yejigang, Mazhuangzhai, and Renheji. Nevertheless, the Nationalist forces managed to contain the Japanese advance east and west of the area, preventing a complete encirclement. Chiang Kai-shek ordered Cheng Qian, commander-in-chief of the 1st War Zone, to encircle and annihilate the Japanese 14th Division. The deployment plan mapped three routes: the Eastern Route Army, under Li Hanhun, would include the 74th Army, the 155th Division of the 64th Army, a brigade of the 88th Division, and a regiment of the 87th Division, advancing westward from Guide); the Western Route Army, commanded by Gui Yongqing, would comprise the 27th Army, the 71st Army, the 61st Division, and the 78th Division, advancing eastward from Lanfeng; and the Northern Route Army, formed by Sun Tongxuan's 3rd Army and Shang Zhen's 20th Army, was to cut off the enemy's retreat to the north bank of the Yellow River near Dingtao, Heze, Dongming, and Kaocheng, while attacking the Doihara Division from the east, west, and north to annihilate it in a single decisive operation.  On May 21, the Nationalist Army mounted a full-scale offensive. Yu Jishi's 74th Army, commanded by Wang Yaowu's 51st Division, joined a brigade of Song Xilian's 71st Army, led by the 88th Division, and drove the Japanese forces at Mazhuangzhai into retreat, capturing Neihuang and Renheji. The main Japanese force, more than 6,000 strong, withdrew southwest to Yangjiji and Shuangtaji. Song Xilian, commanding Shen Fazao's 87th Division, launched a sharp assault on Yejigang (Yifeng). The Japanese abandoned the stronghold, but their main body continued advancing toward Yangjiji, with some units retreating to Donggangtou and Maoguzhai. On May 23, Song Xilian's 71st Army and Yu Jishi's 74th Army enveloped and annihilated enemy forces at Donggangtou and Maoguzhai. That evening they seized Ximaoguzhai, Yangzhuang, and Helou, eliminating more than a thousand Japanese troops. The Japanese troops at Donggangtou fled toward Lanfeng. Meanwhile, Gui Yongqing's forces were retreating through Lanfeng. His superior strength, Jiang Fusheng's 36th Division, Li Liangrong's 46th Division, Zhong Song's 61st Division, Li Wen's 78th Division, Long Muhan's 88th Division, and Shen Ke's 106th Division—had held defensive positions along the Lanfeng–Yangji line. Equipped with a tank battalion and armored vehicle company commanded by Qiu Qingquan, they blocked the enemy's westward advance and awaited Japanese exhaustion. However, under the Japanese offensive, Gui Yongqing's poor command led to the loss of Maji and Mengjiaoji, forcing the 27th Army to retreat across its entire front. Its main force fled toward Qixian and Kaifeng. The Japanese seized the opportunity to capture Quxingji, Luowangzhai, and Luowang Railway Station west of Lanfeng. Before retreating, Gui Yongqing ordered Long Muhan to dispatch a brigade to replace the 106th Division in defending Lanfeng, while he directed the 106th Division to fall back to Shiyuan. Frightened by the enemy, Long Muhan unilaterally withdrew his troops on the night of the 23rd, leaving Lanfeng undefended. On the 24th, Japanese troops advancing westward from Donggangtou entered Lanfeng unopposed and, relying on well-fortified fortifications, held their ground until reinforcements arrived. In the initial four days, the Nationalist offensive failed to overwhelm the Japanese, who escaped encirclement and annihilation. The four infantry and artillery regiments and one cavalry regiment on the Japanese side managed to hold the line along Lanfeng, Luowangzhai, Sanyizhai, Lanfengkou, Quxingji, Yang'erzhai, and Chenliukou on the south bank of the Yellow River, offering stubborn resistance. The Longhai Railway was completely cut off. Chiang Kai-shek, furious upon hearing the news while stationed in Zhengzhou, ordered the execution of Long Muhan, commander of the 88th Division, to restore military morale. He also decided to consolidate Hu Zongnan's, Li Hanhun's, Yu Jishi's, Song Xilian's, and Gui Yongqing's troops into the 1st Corps, with Xue Yue as commander-in-chief. On the morning of May 25, they launched a determined counterattack on Doihara's 14th Division. Song Xilian personally led the front lines on May 24 to rally the defeated 88th Division.  Starting on May 25, after three days of intense combat, Li Hanhun's 64th Army advanced to seize Luowang Station and Luowangzhai, while Song Xilian's 71st Army retook Lanfeng City, temporarily reopening the Longhai Line to traffic. At Sanyi Village, Gui Yongqing's 27th Army and Yu Jishi's 74th Army captured a series of outlying positions, including Yang'eyao, Chailou, Cailou, Hezhai, Xuelou, and Baowangsi. Despite these gains, more than 6,000 Japanese troops offered stubborn resistance. During the fighting, Ji Hongru, commander of the 302nd Regiment, was seriously wounded but continued to fight, shouting, “Don't worry about my death! Brothers, fight on!” He ultimately died a heroic death from his wounds. By May 27, Chiang Kai-shek, concerned that the forces had not yet delivered a decisive victory at Lanfeng, personally reprimanded the participating generals and ordered them to completely encircle and annihilate the enemy west of Lanfeng by the following day. He warned that if the opportunity was missed and Japanese reinforcements arrived, the position could be endangered. The next day, Chiang Kai-shek issued another telegram, urging Cheng Qian's First War Zone and all participating units to press the offensive. The telegram allegedly had this in it “It will forever be a laughingstock in the history of warfare.” Meanwhile on the other side, to prevent the annihilation of Doihara's 14th Division, the elite Japanese 16th Division and the 3rd Mixed Brigade, totaling over 40,000 men, launched a westward assault from Dangshan, capturing Yucheng on May 26. They then began probing the outskirts of Guide. Huang Jie's Eighth Army, responsible for the defense, withdrew to the outskirts of Guide that evening. On May 28, Huang Jie again led his troops on his own initiative, retreating to Liuhe and Kaifeng, leaving only the 187th Division to defend Zhuji Station and Guide City. At dawn on May 29, Peng Linsheng, commander of the 187th Division, also withdrew his troops, leaving Guide a deserted city. The Japanese occupied Guide without a fight. The loss of Guide dramatically shifted the tide of the war. Threatened on the flanks by the Japanese 16th Division, the Nationalist forces were forced onto the defensive. On May 28, the Japanese 14th Division concentrated its forces to counterattack Gui Yongqing's troops, but they were defeated again, allowing the Japanese to stabilize their position. At the same time, the fall of Shangqiu compelled Xue Yue's corps to withdraw five divisions to block the enemy in Shangqiu, and the Nationalist Army shifted to a defensive posture with the 14th Division holding Sanyizhai and Quxingji. To the north of the battlefield, the Japanese 4th Mixed Brigade, numbering over 10,000 men, was preparing to force a crossing of the Yellow River in order to join with the nearby 14th Division. More seriously, the 10th Division, together with its 13th Mixed Brigade and totaling more than 40,000 men, had captured Woyang and Bozhou on the Henan-Anhui border and was rapidly encircling eastern Henan. By the time of the Battle of Lanfeng, Japanese forces had deployed more than 100,000 troops, effectively surrounding the Nationalist army. On May 31, the First War Zone decided to withdraw completely, and the Battle of Lanfeng ended in defeat for the Nationalists, forcing Chiang Kai-shek to authorize diverting the Yellow River embankment to relieve pressure. The consequence was a deteriorating strategic situation, as encirclement tightened and reinforcement options dwindled, driving a retreat from the Lanfeng front. The National Army suffered more than 67,000 casualties, killed and wounded more than 10,000 Japanese soldiers, Lanfeng was lost, and Zhengzhou was in danger.  As in Nanjing, this Chinese army might have lived to fight another day, but the effect on Xuzhou itself was horrific. The city had endured Japanese bombardment since August 1937, and the population's mood swung between cautious hope and utter despair. In March, Du Zhongyuan visited Xuzhou. Before he left Wuhan, friends told him that “the city was desolate and the people were terrified, all the inhabitants of Xuzhou were quietly getting on with their business … sometimes it was even calmer than Wuhan.” The Australian journalist Rhodes Farmer recalled a similar image in a book published at war's end, noting the “ordinary townsfolk who became wardens, fire-fighters and first-aid workers during the raid and then went back to their civil jobs.” Yet the mid-May departure of Nationalist troops left the city and its outskirts at the mercy of an angry Imperial Army. Bombing continued through the final days of battle, and a single raid on May 14, 1938 killed 700 people. Around Xuzhou, buildings and bridges were destroyed—some by retreating Chinese forces, some by advancing Japanese troops. Taierzhuang, the scene of the earlier iconic defense, was utterly destroyed. Canadian Jesuits who remained in Xuzhou after its fall recorded that more than a third of the houses were razed, and most of the local population had fled in terror. In rural areas around the city, massacres were repeatedly reported, many witnessed by missionaries. Beyond the atrocities of the Japanese, locals faced banditry in the absence of law enforcement, and vital agricultural work such as planting seed ground to a halt. The loss of Xuzhou was both strategic and symbolic. It dealt a severe blow to Chiang's attempt to hold central China and to control regional troop movements. Morale, which Taierzhuang had briefly boosted, was battered again though not extinguished. The fall signaled that the war would be long, and that swift victory against Japan was no longer likely. Mao Zedong's Yan'an base, far to the northwest, grasped the meaning of defeat there. In May 1938 he delivered one of his most celebrated lectures, “On Protracted War,” chiding those who had over-optimistically claimed the Xuzhou campaign could be a quasi-decisive victory and arguing that, after Taierzhuang, some had become “giddy.” Mao insisted that China would ultimately prevail, yet he warned that it could not be won quickly, and that the War of Resistance would be protracted. In the meantime, the development of guerrilla warfare remained an essential piece of the long-term strategy that the Communist armies would pursue in north China. Yet the loss of Xuzhou did not necessarily portend a long war; it could, instead, presage a war that would be terrifyingly short. By spring 1938 the Chinese defenders were desperate. There was a real danger that the entire war effort could collapse, and the Nationalist governments' notable success as protectors of a shrinking “Free China” lay in avoiding total disaster. Government propaganda had successfully portrayed a plan beyond retreat to foreign observers, yet had Tokyo captured Wuhan in the spring, the Chinese Army would have had to withdraw at speed, reinforcing perceptions of disintegration. Western governments were unlikely to intervene unless convinced it was in their interests. Within the Nationalist leadership, competing instincts persisted. The government pursued welfare measures for the people in the midst of a massive refugee relief effort, the state and local organizations, aided by the International Red Cross, housed large numbers of refugees in 1937–1938. Yet there was a harsher strain within policy circles, with some officials willing to sacrifice individual lives for strategic or political ends as the Japanese threat intensified. Throughout central China, the Yellow River, China's “Sorrow”, loomed as the dominant geographic force shaping history. The loess-laden river, notorious for floods and shifting channels, was banked by massive dikes near Zhengzhou, exactly along the line the Japanese would traverse toward Wuhan. Using the river as a military instrument was discussed as a drastic option: Chiang and Cheng Qian's First War Zone contemplated diverting or breaching the dikes to halt or slow the Japanese advance, a measure that could buy time but would unleash enormous civilian suffering. The idea dated back to 1887 floods that cost hundreds of thousands of lives, and even in 1935 Alexander von Falkenhausen had warned that the Yellow River could become the final line of defense. In 1938 Chiang, recognizing the futility of defeating the Japanese by conventional means at Zhengzhou, considered unleashing the river's force if necessary to impede the invaders. The political and strategic calculus was stark: protect central China and Wuhan, even if it required drastic and morally fraught measures. A more humane leader might have hesitated to break the dikes and spare the dams, allowing the Japanese to take Wuhan. But Chiang Kai-shek believed that if the dikes were not breached and Wuhan fell within days, the Nationalist government might be unable to relocate to Chongqing in time and would likely surrender, leaving Japan in control of almost all of China. Some have compared the choice to France's surrender in June 1940, underscoring that Chiang's decision came during the country's most terrifying assault, with Chinese forces much weaker and less trained than their European counterparts. The dilemma over whether to break the Yellow River dikes grew out of desperation. Chiang ultimately ordered General Wei Rulin to blow the dike that held the Yellow River in central Henan. There was no doubt about the consequences: floods would inundate vast areas of central China, creating a waterlogged barrier that would halt the Japanese advance. Yet for the plan to succeed, it had to be carried out quickly, and the government could offer no public warning in case the Japanese detected it and accelerated their movement. Xiong Xianyu, chief of staff in the 8th Division at the time, recorded the urgency of those hours in his diary. The Japanese were already on the north bank of the Yellow River, briefly delayed when the Chinese army blew up the railway bridge across the river. The destruction of the dikes was the next step: if the area became a sea of mud, there would be no way the Japanese could even attempt to reconstruct the bridge. Blasting the dikes proved easier in theory than in practice. Holding back such a massive body of water required substantial engineering, dams thick and well fortified. The army made its first attempts to blow the dike at the small town of Zhaokou between June 4 and 6, 1938, but the structure proved too durable; another nearby attempt failed as well. Hour by hour, the Japanese moved closer. Division commander Jiang Zaizhen asked Xiong Xianyu for his opinion on where they might breach the dams. Xiong wrote “I discussed the topography, and said that two places, Madukou and Huayuankou, were both possible.” But Madukou was too close to Zhaokou, where the breach had already failed, presenting a danger that the Japanese might reach it very soon. The village of Huayuankou, however, lay farther away and on a bend in the river: “To give ourselves enough time, Huayuankou would be best.” At first, the soldiers treated the task as a military engineering assignment, an “exciting” one in Xiong's words. Xiong and Wei Rulin conducted their first site inspection after dark, late on June 6. The surroundings offered a deceptive calm: Xiong recounted “The wind blew softly, and the river water trickled pleasantly.” Yet gauging the water level proved difficult, hampered by murky moonlight and burned-out flashlights. They spent the night in their car to determine precisely where to break the dike as soon as day broke. But daylight seemed to bring home the consequences of what they planned to do, and the soldiers grew increasingly anxious. Wang Songmei, commander of the 2nd Regiment, addressed the workers about to breach the dike: “My brothers, this plan will be of benefit to our country and our nation, and will lessen the harm that is being done to the people.In the future, you'll find good wives and have plenty of children.” Wang's words were meant to reassure the men of the political necessity of their actions and that fate would not, in the traditional Chinese sense, deny them a family because of the enormity of their deeds. General Wei confirmed that Huayuankou was the right spot, and on June 8 the work began, with about 2,000 men taking part. The Nationalist government was eager to ensure rapid progress. Xiong recorded that the “highest authorities”,, kept making telephone calls from Wuhan to check on progress. In addition, the party sent performers to sing and play music to bolster the workers' spirits. Senior General Shang Zhen announced to the laborers that if they breached the dam by midnight on June 8, each would receive 2,000 yuan; if they achieved it by six the next morning, they would still be paid 1,000 yuan. They needed encouragement, for the diggers had no artificial assistance. After the initial failures at Zhaokou, Wei's troops relied entirely on manual labor, with no explosives used. Yet the workers earned their payments, and the dike was breached in just a few hours. On the morning of June 9, Xiong recorded a rapid shift in mood: the atmosphere became tense and solemn. Initially, the river flow was modest, but by about 1:00 p.m. the water surged “fiercely,” flowing “like 10,000 horses.” Looking toward the distance, Xiong felt as though a sea had appeared before him. “My heart ached,” he wrote. The force of the water widened the breach, and a deadly stream hundreds of feet wide comprising about three-quarters of the river's volume—rushed southeast across the central Chinese plains. “We did this to stop the enemy,” Xiong reflected, “so we didn't regret the huge sacrifice, as it was for a greater victory.” Yet he and the other soldiers also saw a grim reality: the troops who had taken on the task of destroying the railway bridge and the dikes could not bear the flood's consequences alone. It would be up to the government and the people of the nation to provide relief for the countless households uprooted by the flood. In fact, the previous evening Commander Jiang had telephoned to request assistance for those flooded out of their homes.   Wei, Xiong, and their troops managed to escape by wooden boats. Hundreds of thousands of farmers trapped in the floods were far less fortunate. Time magazine's correspondent Theodore White reported on the devastation a few days later “Last week “The Ungovernable” [i.e. the Yellow River] lashed out with a flood which promised to change not only its own course but also the course of the whole Sino-Japanese War. Severe breaks in the dikes near Kaifeng sent a five-foot wall of water fanning out over a 500-squaremile area, spreading death. Toll from Yellow River floods is not so much from quick drowning as from gradual disease and starvation. The river's filth settles ankle-deep on the fields, mothering germs, smothering crops. Last week, about 500,000 peasants were driven from 2,000 communities to await rescue or death on whatever dry ground they could find”. Chiang's government had committed one of the grossest acts of violence against its own people, and he knew that the publicity could be a damaging blow to its reputation. He decided to divert blame by announcing that the dike had been broken, but blaming the breach on Japanese aerial bombing. The Japanese, in turn, fiercely denied having bombed the dikes. White's reporting reflected the immediate response of most foreigners; having heard about the atrocities at Nanjing and Xuzhou, he was disinclined to give the Japanese the benefit of the doubt. Furthermore, at the very time that the Yellow River was flooding central China, the Japanese were heavily bombing Guangzhou, causing thousands of casualties. To White, the Japanese counterargument—that the Chinese themselves were responsible, seemed unthinkable: “These accusations, foreign observers thought, were absurd. For the Chinese to check the Japanese advance at possible sacrifice of half a million lives would be a monstrous pyrrhic victory. Besides, dike-cutting is the blackest of Chinese crimes, and the Chinese Army would hardly risk universal censure for slight tactical gains.” But, of course, that is exactly what they had done. During the war the Nationalists never admitted that they, not the Japanese, had breached the dikes. But the truth quickly became widely known. Just a month later, on July 19, US Ambassador Johnson noted, in private communication, that the “Chinese blocked the advance on Chengchow [Zhengzhou] by breaching the Yellow River dikes.” Eventually some 54,000 square kilometers of central China were inundated by the floods. If the Japanese had committed such an act, it would have been remembered as the prime atrocity of the war, dwarfing even the Nanjing Massacre or the Chongqing air raids in terms of the number of people who suffered. Accurate statistics were impossible to obtain in the midst of wartime chaos and disaster, but in 1948 figures issued by the Nationalists themselves suggested enormous casualties: for the three affected provinces of Henan, Anhui, and Jiangsu, the number of dead was put at 844,489, with some 4.8 million becoming refugees. More recent studies place the numbers lower, but still estimate the dead at around 500,000, and 3–5 million refugees. In contrast, the devastating May 1939 air raids on Chongqing killed some thousands. Xiong reflected in his diary that the breaching of the Yellow River dikes was a sacrifice for a greater victory. Even to some Japanese it seemed that the tactic had been successful in the short term: the first secretary at the US Embassy in Wuhan reported that the flood had “completely checked the Japanese advance on Chengchow” and had prevented them taking Wuhan by rail. Instead, he predicted, the attack was likely to come by water and along the north shore of the Yangtze. Supporters of the dike breaches could argue that these acts saved central China and Chiang's headquarters in Wuhan for another five months. The Japanese were indeed prevented from advancing along the Long–Hai railway toward Wuhan. In the short term the floods did what the Nationalists wanted. But the flooding was a tactic, a breathing space, and did not solve the fundamental problem: China's armies needed strong leadership and rapid reform. Some historians suggest that Chiang's decision was pointless anyway, since it merely delayed the inevitable. Theodore White was right: no strategic advantage could make the deaths of 500,000 of China's own people a worthwhile price to pay. However, Chiang Kai-shek's decision can be partly explained, though not excused, by the context. We can now look back at the actions of the Nationalists and argue that they should not have held on to Wuhan, or that their actions in breaching the dam were unjustifiable in the extreme. But for Chiang, in the hot summer of 1938, it seemed his only hope was to deny Japan as much of China for as long as possible and create the best possible circumstances for a long war from China's interior, while keeping the world's attention on what Japan was doing. The short delay won by the flooding was itself part of the strategy. In the struggle raging within the soul of the Nationalist Party, the callous, calculating streak had won, for the time being. The breaking of the dikes marked a turning point as the Nationalists committed an act whose terrible consequences they would eventually have to expiate. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. In late 1937, China's frontline trembled as Japanese forces closed in on Wuhan. Chiang Kai-shek faced a brutal choice: endure costly defenses or unleash a desperate gamble. Chiangs' radical plan emerged: breach the Yellow River dikes at Huayuankou to flood central China, buying time. The flood roared, washing villages and futures away, yet slowing the enemy. The battlefield paused, while a nation weighed courage against civilian suffering, victory against devastating costs.

Jaridani leo tunakuletea mada kwa kina, wiki ya Maji ikifikia tamati leo Agosti 28 na maudhui yakiwa Maji kwa ajili ya Hatua kwa Tabianchi, tunabisha hodi kaunti ya Kajiado nchini Kenya kumsikia mtendaji kwenye mradi wa maji wa Kerarapon Water Association  ambalo ni shirika la kijamii linalohusika na maji na mazingira huko kaunti ya Kajiado nchini Kenya. Mengine ni kama yafuatayo.Ukraine ambapo leo Katibu Mkuu wa Umoja wa Mataifa António Guterres ameungama na mashirika mengine ya Umoja wa Mataifa kulaani vikali mashambulizi ya makombora na ndege zisizo na rubani droni yaliyofanywa na Urusi usiku kucha kuamkila dhidi ya miji ya Ukraine na kusababisha vifo na majeruhi kwa raia, wakiwemo watoto, na pia kuharibu majengo ya kidiplomasia jijini Kyiv. Amesisitiza kuwa mashambulizi dhidi ya raia na miundombinu yao yanakiuka sheria za kimataifa za kibinadamu, akitaka yakome mara moja na kurudia wito wake wa kusitisha mapigano ili kuelekea amani ya kudumu itakayoheshimu uhuru wa watu, uhuru wa kitaifa na mipaka ya Ukraine kama inavyotambuliwa kimataifa.Kuhusu Mashariki ya Kati Katibu Mkuu António Guterres akizungumza na waandishi wa Habari hii leo kwenye Makao Makuu ya Umoja wa Mataifa      ameonya kuwa operesheni za kijeshi mjini Gaza zitakuwa na zahma kubwa na amesisitiza “hili lazima likome.” Amesema njaa si tishio tena bali janga la sasa, huku raia, wahudumu wa afya na waandishi wa habari wakiuawa  wakati “macho ya dunia yakitazama.” Guterres ameikumbusha Israel wajibu wake wa kisheria kulinda raia na kuruhusu msaada wa kibinadamu bila vikwazo akisema “Hakuna visingizio tena. Hakuna vizuizi tena. Hakuna uongo tena,”  akitoa wito wa usitishaji mapigano haraka na kuachiliwa kwa mateka wote.Kikosi cha 11 cha Tanzania TANZBATT 11 kinachohudumu nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Congo DRC chini ya mpango wa Umoja wa Mataifa wa kulinda amani MONUSCO kimetoa msaada wa magodoro kwa raia walioathirika na machafuko ya karibuni katika kijiji Oicha  jimboni Kivu Kaskazini. Miongoni mwao ni Bi Masika Jistine na Mzee Bahati Paluku ambao hawakusita kuonesha furaha yao.Na katika kujifunza lugha ya Kiswahili na hii leo Dkt Mwanahija Ali Juma, Katibu Mtendaji wa Baraza la Kiswahili, Zanzibar nchini Tanzania, BAKIZA anafafanua maana ya neno "MKWIJI!.Mwenyeji wako ni Anold Kayanda, karibu!

Wiki ya Maji ikifikia tamati leo Agosti 28 na maudhui yakiwa Maji kwa ajili ya Hatua kwa Tabianchi, tunabisha hodi kaunti ya Kajiado nchini Kenya kumsikia mtendaji kwenye mradi wa maji wa Kerarapon Water Association  ambalo ni shirika la kijamii linalohusika na maji na mazingira huko kaunti ya Kajiado nchini Kenya. Mtendaji huyo anayeanza kwa kujitambulisha, anazungumza na Kelvin Keitany wa radio washirika Radio Domus nchini Kenya.

Katika Jarida la Habari la Umoja wa Mataifa hii leo Flora Nducha anakulatea-Ripoti mpya kwa jina Maendeleo katika Maji ya Kunywa na Kujisafi Majumbani iliyozinduliwa leo na mashirika ya Umoja wa Mataifa imeonesha kwamba, licha ya hatua kupigwa, mtu 1 kati ya 4 duniani bado hana upatikanaji wa maji salama ya kunywa. -Ofisi ya Haki za Binadamu ya Umoja wa Mataifa, OHCHR imetoa wito kwa mamlaka za Misri kukomesha mfumo wa “mzunguko” unaofanya wakosoaji wa Serikali kuzuiliwa kiholela na kwa muda mrefu, hata baada ya kumaliza vifungo vyao. - Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Wakimbizi,UNHCR leo limepongeza Serikali ya Kifalme ya Thailand kwa kupitisha azimio litakalowapa wakimbizi wa muda mrefu kutoka Myanmar haki ya kufanya kazi nchini Thailand.-Katika mada kwa kina tunamulika uzinduzi wa shule ya kwanza ya Akili Mnemba iliyoanzishwa na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la masuala ya wanawake UN Women huko ukanda wa Asia na Pasifiki-Na mashinani utamsikia Ibrahim Al-Najjar mkimbizi huko Ukanda wa Gaza, eneo la Palestina linalokaliwa kimabavu na Israeli akielezea hali tete ya ajira hivi sasa tangu vita ianze Oktoba 7, 2023.

Nifty closed in the red at 24,712, pressured by news of the additional 25% US tariff on Indian imports, effective 27th Aug, 2025.In this episode, Dibandu Maji highlights the tariff impact and why Lemon Tree and Ambuja Cements are the stocks to track.

Nifty closed in the red at 24,712, pressured by news of the additional 25% US tariff on Indian imports, effective 27th Aug, 2025.In this episode, Dibandu Maji highlights the tariff impact and why Lemon Tree and Ambuja Cements are the stocks to track.

Nifty closed in the red at 24,712, pressured by news of the additional 25% US tariff on Indian imports, effective 27th Aug, 2025.In this episode, Dibandu Maji highlights the tariff impact and why Lemon Tree and Ambuja Cements are the stocks to track.

Sunday, July 13, 2025“Maji from the East: To meet Jesus Christ to Satisfy Your Thirst”Pastor Joey Anjiki1. Turn your eyes upward* Magi from the east = Not three people* Matthew 2:2 (See above)* Prophesy of the birth of the Savior and th..

Hii leo jaridani tunakuletea mada kwa kina inayotupeleka nchini Tanzania kumulika ukame na uhakika wa upatikanaji wa maji na kusikia jinsi taifa la Chile, linatumia sera kushawishi mabadiliko yanayoweza kukabiliana na tatizo hilo. Pia tunakuletea muhtasari na mashinani.Mratibu Mkazi wa Umoja wa Mataifa nchini Iran, Stefan Priesner amesema wanachofanya hivi sasa ni kupanga upya programu za Umoja wa Mataifa nchini humo wakimulika vipaumbele vipya kufuatia mashambulizi yaliyoanza tarehe 13 mwezi Juni mwaka huu na kubadili mwelekeo wa kazi zao. Akizungumza na waandishi wa habari mjini Geneva, Uswisi kutokea Tehran mji mkuu wa Iran, Bwana Priesner amesema sasa tuko kwenye mazugumzo ya serikali kuona ni vipi tutapanga upya programu zetu kukidhi mahitaji mapya yanayoanza kuwa dhahiri, ikiwa ni siku chache tu tangu mashambulizi yakome baada ya sitisho la mapigano kuridhiwa.Huko huko Geneva, Uswisi lakini akizungumza kutoka Nairobi Kenya, Shaun Hughes, ambaye ni Mratibu wa Dharura kwa mzozo wa Sudan katika shirika la Umoja wa MAtaifa la Mpango wa Chakula, WFP amewaambia waandishi wa habari kuwa hali ni tete kwa mamilioni ya raia wa Sudan waliokimbilia nchi jirani kuepuka mapigano nchini mwao.Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la masuala ya wanawake, UN Women linapotimiza miaka 15 tangu kuanzishwa kwake, limesema dunia imeshuhudia maendeleo muhimu katika usawa wa kijinsia ambayo yamebadilisha maisha ya wanawake na wasichana kote duniani. Licha ya ya kusherehekea, juhudi za kusukuma usawa wa kijinsia zinaonekana kurudi nyuma.Na mashinani, Mkutano wa 4 wa Ufadhili wa Maendeleo (FFD4) ukiendelea huko Sevilla Hispania, Natalia Toschi, Mkuu wa kitengo cha uwekezaji wa Mfuko wa Umoja wa Mataifa wa Maendeleo ya Kilimo, IFAD annasema ni wakati wa kufikiria upya jinsi maendeleo yanavyofadhiliwa kwa kuzingatia mifumo ya kilimo cha mazao ya chakula ili kukuza ukuaji wa kiuchumi vijijini.Mwenyeji wako ni Anold Kayanda, karibu!

Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Uhamiaji, (IOM) kwa ushirikiano wa karibu na mamlaka za Djibouti, linaongeza juhudi zake za kibinadamu kufuatia tukio la kusikitisha lililotokea pwani ya Djibouti ambapo takriban wahamiaji wanane walikufa maji na wengine 22 hawajulikani walipo. Anold Kayanda na maelezo zaidi.

Da li su Kosjerić i Zaječar dokaz da se SNS može pobediti i pod ovim izbornim uslovima ili su oni i dalje preduslov? Gost Danice Vučenić u Iza vesti bio je sudija Apelacionog suda Miodrag Majić.

《雑談のおしながき》0：00〜OP1：00〜NotebookLMが『邦楽ぬ。』を初心者にも分かりやすく紹介７：00〜ぽまいらキモいわ─────────────私のお誕生日お祝いしてください！やお便りや感想お待ちしております。お便りはこちらのフォームからhttps://forms.gle/yFUKeMsEFqmZGH257インスタやNoteは「邦楽ぬ。の色々」からhttps://linktr.ee/hogaku_nu─────────────

Hii leo jaridani tunaangazia hali ya kibinadamu katika katika jimbo la Upper Nile nchini Sudan, na haki za binadamu na watu kutoweka kwa wingi nchini Sudan. Makala inatupeleka nchini Kenya na Mashinani tunakwenda Gaza, kulikoni?Nchini Sudan Kusini, familia zilizo kwenye hali duni katika eneo la kaskazini mashariki mwa nchi hiyo ziko katika hali tete sana huku mapigano yakizidi kuongezeka na njaa ikikaribia kufikia viwango vya juu kabisa, limeonya leo Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Mpango wa Chakula Duniani (WFP).Wakati hofu ikiendelea kuhusu watu kutoweka kwa wingi nchini Sudan, Mtaalam maalum wa Umoja wa Mataifa aliyeteuliwa na Ofisi ya Haki za Binadamu OHCHR anayehusika na haki za binadamu nchini humo Radhouane Nouicer ametoa wito wa dharura kuhusu hali ya raia waliokwama katika vita kubwa nchini humo.Katika inatupeleka nchini Kenya kufuatilia simulizi ya Shalyne Kaputa, mtoto wa kike mwenye umri wa miaka 16 kutoka kaunti ya Turkana ambaye tofauti na shangazi yake ambaye hakuweza kuendelea na elimu  yake kutokana na kukosa karo, yeye anasoma elimu ya sekondari sasa ili aweze kutimiza ndoto yake ya kuwa mwandishi wa habari. Yote yanawezekana kutokana na mradi wa shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la kuhudumia watoto, UNICEF kwa msaada wa shirika la Norway la Maendeleo NORAD na wadau wengine.Na mashinani fursa ni yake Lama, mtoto mwenye umri wa miaka 10 kutoka Gaza eneo la Palestina linalokaliwa na Israeli ambaye anasimulia maumivu na juhudi za kila siku za kutafuta maji mapigano yakiwa ni mwaka mmoja na nusu sasa. Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Watoto (UNICEF) linatoa msaada mkubwa kwa familia na watoto wa Gaza kwa kusambaza maji salama.Mwenyeji wako ni Leah Mushi, karibu!  

Kuna idadi kubwa ya watu wanaoshindwa kupata maji salama kwa matumizi ya nyumbani ,hospitali na hata mashamba Uhaba wa maji unaorodheshwa kuwa sababu kubwa ya watu kukosa chakula, kujikimu katika nchi zinazoshuhudia migogoro.Katika nchi kama Sudan na DRC kuna ripoti za hospitali ,kambi za wakimbizi kukosa moja hivyo mashirika ya kimsaada yanapata changamoto kuwahudumia wakimbizi

Hii leo jaridani tunaangazia mkutano wa 69 wa Kamisheni ya Hali ya Wanawake Duniani, CSW69 unafikia tamati hii leo Machi 21 hapa katika makao makuu, na wakulima wanawake nchini Senegal. Mashinani inatupeleka nchini Tanzania kumulika mradi wa maji.Mkutano wa 69 wa Kamisheni ya Hali ya Wanawake Duniani, CSW69 unafikia tamati hii leo Machi 21 hapa katika makao makuu ya Umoja wa Mataifa jijini New York, Marekani. Bi. Gertrude Mongella, aliyekuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Mkutano wa 4 wa Kimataifa wa wanawake maarufu kama Mkutano wa Beijing uliofanyika mnamo mwaka 1995, hivi tunavyozungumza, pamoja na umri wake mkubwa ameshirikia karibia vikao vyote vya mkutano huu wa CSW69 ambao pia ulikuwa unaangazia utekelezaji wa maazimio yaliyowekwa miaka 30 iliyopita chini yake mama Mongella.Tukiwa bado ndani ya mwezi wa Machi, unaotambuliwa kuwa ni mwezi wa wanawake tunakwenda nchini Senegal ambako huko wasichana waliokuwa wakifanya kazi za ndani, wamewezeshwa na Umoja wa Mataifa na sasa ni wakulima na wanatumia stadi za upigaji na utengenezaji video za mtandaoni kuelimisha jamii kuhusu kilimo chenye tijaMakala inayoturejesha hapa Makao Makuu ya Umoja wa Mataifa kwenye mkutano wa Mkutano wa 69 wa Kamisheni ya Hali ya wanawake duniani CSW69 unaokunja jamvi hii leo Flora Nducha amebahatika kuzungumza na mmoja wa washiriki wa mkutano huo kutoka asasi za kiraia nchini Tanzania.Na katika mashinani fursa ni yake Janeth Zakaria kutoka kijiji cha Kaguruka mkoani Kigoma nchini Tanzania ambaye kupitia video ya Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la kuhudumia watoto, UNICEF anasema alikuwa anatembea umbali wa kilomita 10 kupata maji safi na salama lakini sasa ni hatua chache tu kutoka nyumbani kwake”Mwenyeji wako ni Anold Kayanda, karibu! 

Eine Medizin sollte sie unverwundbar machen: Im Maji-Maji-Krieg kämpften afrikanische Völker gegen die deutschen Kolonialherren. Es war ein aussichtsloser Kampf, die Folgen sind bis heute spürbar in Ostafrika. Von Linus Lüring (BR 2019)

SCIENCE

Da li su upad u NVO sektor i hapšenja u sklopu borbe protiv korupcije dokaz da institucije rade ili da ne rade?Gost Danice Vučenić u Iza vesti je sudija Apelacionog suda i inicijator Proglasa Miodrag Majić.

Karibu katika Kipindi cha Maswali yahusuyo Imani ukiwa nami Frateri Emmilian Mahinya, kutoka Seminari kuu ya Mtakatifu Andrea Ikumbiro Mtume  Jimbo kuu la Mbeya, nikijibu swali la Msikilizaji linalosema kuashiria nini katika ubatizo, Maji, Mafuta, na Mishumaa? L'articolo Je, wafahamu kwanini tunapobatizwa tunawekewa Maji, Mafuta, Mishumaa? proviene da Radio Maria.

Karibu katika Kipindi cha Maswali yahusuyo Imani ukiwa nami Frateri Claud Onesmo Lowokelo, Kutoka  Seminari Kuu ya Mtakatifu Augustino Peramiho Jimbo Kuu Katoliki Songea nikijibu swali la Msikilizaji linalosema Kwanini Wakristo tunabatizwa na Maji machache na Yesu alibatizwa Maji Mengi?   L'articolo Je, wafahamu kwanini wakatoliki wanabatizwa Maji machache tofauti na Dini zingine. proviene da Radio Maria.

Today, I would like to introduce some reaction expressions to become an active listener in Japanese. "Really?" " That's great" You must use these phrases a lot in your daily life. Through this episode you will learn these phrases in Japanese! Please enjoy!

Karibu katika Kipindi cha Maswali yahusuyo Imani ukiwa nami Frateri Innocenti Mazimba Kambole, Kutoka Seminari Kuu ya Mtakatifu Augustino Peramiho, Jimbo Katoliki la Songea nikijibu swali la Msikilizaji linalosema Je, kwanini Wakatoliki wanabaiza maji kidogo wakati Yesu alibatizwa Maji mengi?. L'articolo Je, wafahamu kwanini Wakatoliki wanabatizwa Maji kidogo? proviene da Radio Maria.

How far can following your passions take you in science? To find out, Dr. Charles Liu and co-host Allen Liu welcome the multi-faceted Leah Voytovich, a software development engineer for Project Kuiper who planned on going to med school but instead ended up working on space lasers for Amazon's satellite internet constellation. As always, though, we start off with the day's joyfully cool cosmic thing: the use of deuterium levels in the search for exoplanets with advanced civilizations. That's because signs of deuterium depletion can indicate that a planet has developed nuclear fission power.  After that, Leah tells us a little about Amazon's Project Kuiper. She explains the wide variety of challenges to keeping the satellites, which are in low earth orbit, in communication with the ground. The project she's working on now is using infrared space lasers to communicate more securely within the satellite constellation.  Chuck brings up the impact that these massive groups of satellites like Starlink are having on astronomy, from satellite streaks on dark sky surveys to image-destroying flares. Leah said there are people working on reducing Project Kuiper's impacts across multiple areas of concern. For our first question. Yasmin asks, “Will our satellites all be controlled by AI someday? If so, when? And is this a good idea?”  Leah speculates that there may be some projects already using Machine Learning here on Earth, but that it will be further down the line before there's AI actually present in satellites themselves. Leah doesn't see a problem with the use of ML tools for science, as long as there are protections in place and that humans are still writing the software. After our break, Leah tells us about what she does outside her work – literally – from climbing Mount St. Helens in winter using an ice ax and crampons, to skiing, to running marathons – 3 so far! Then we're back to AI, ML, and the differences between the two. Charles talks about how important AI has beome as a tool for astronomers and other scientists. Leah explains the “Chinese Room Argument” and why it's a good analogy for machine learning, Allen shares the description of AI as a “stochastic parrot.”  Our next question comes from Jonathan, who asks, “With so many problems facing the world like poverty, war and the climate crisis here on Earth, why should we spend money and resources on space exploration and astronomy?” Leah talks about how Project Kuiper is intended to serve underserved communities by providing internet access to people who don't already have it. That in turn increases global communication and connectivity and can then help address those other problems. And of course, to launch those satellites, we need rockets. She also explains how valuable internet access is to communities– something she knows a little about. She and Martin Leet co-founded Maji, a nonprofit in Uganda that uses solar power to make clean water easily accessible for refugee communities. Leah, a former EMT, explains how Maji also provides first aide medical training and agricultural training to the communities. The story of how Maji came to be is remarkable – we'll leave it to Leah to share that with you in the episode. We end with Leah recounting what it was like to be in Mission Control for the launch of the first Project Kuiper satellites. She was the representative for her team in the Mission Control room, so she was the one who actually got to say “Go” for her service during the final pre-launch Go/No Go review.  If you'd like to know more about Maji, you can check out the nonprofit's website here. We hope you enjoy this episode of The LIUniverse, and, if you do, please support us on Patreon. Credits for Images Used in this Episode: Illustration of Kepler-138 exoplanets– NASA, ESA, Leah Hustak (STScI) Deuterium, aka hydrogen-2 (²H or D) – Center for Deuterium Depletion An axonometric view displays various Earth orbits, illustrating space debris and active satellites – WikiCommons/Pablo Carlos Budassi The history of the universe since the Big Bang – NASA Satellite streaks in an astronomical image – University of Washington/ Abhilash Biswas, Kilando Chambers, and Ashley Santos Space-based lasers – IEEE Spectrum Illustration of NASA's Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) communicating with the I.S.S. over laser links – NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Illustration of machine learning and artificial intelligence – Creative Commons / mikemacmarketing Computer simulation of dendrites of pyramidal neurons – Hermann Cuntz/ PLoS Computational Biology, Vol. 6(8) August 2010. Earth illuminated time-lapse video if ISS over Earth – NASA Martin Leet and Leah Voytovich – University of Pennsylvania The Maji water tank for the Olua I community – University of Pennsylvania/Martin Leet

Following the Maji in Matthew 2:1-12; Katie compares the two Kingdoms portrayed in the passage, the Empire of Earth and the Kingdom of Heaven. How might we give our full allegiance to King Jesus, as we behold who he is and seek to become like him in our daily lives?

Christmas Up CloseRomantic, sanitary Christmas cardsA closer look, and it's messierA close up look is more practical because your life is messySCRIPTURE: Luke 2:6–7 (ESV) And while they were there, the time came for her to give birth. And she gave birth to her firstborn son and wrapped him in swaddling cloths and laid him in a manger, because there was no place for them in the inn.Resourced By HeavenAs we see Jesus in the manger we see:God's eternal plan unfoldingLess than ideal timingRoman occupiers imposing their willCensusTransportation and housing issuesGod's plan for our lives takes place amidst OBSTACLESResources will be neededThey are practicalJesus talked about resources more than any other topicResourced With “Left Overs”Luke 2:6–7 (ESV) And while they were there, the time came for her to give birth. And she gave birth to her firstborn son and wrapped him in swaddling cloths and laid him in a manger, because there was no place for them in the inn.There is a beauty in these momentsQuiet desperation seeking the bare minimumNo amount of planning could have provided hereThere is value in grinding out these situationsThe durability built is remarkableIt prepares you for the journey aheadResourced By Hard WorkMatthew 13:55 (ESV) Is not this the carpenter's son? Mark 6:3 (ESV) Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary…Tekton - building and construction of items ranging from furniture to municipal buildings and in mediums ranging from wood to stone. The economy of Rome during the New Testament was strong and their occupation of Israel was in full swing. A skilled tradesman would have been lucratively compensated In 1st century Jewish culture, fathers taught their sons their trade at by age 12, This was a hard working family. While he was born in a manger, the family had a home. By the time the Maji arrived to present gift to Jesus, they were no longer staying in a barn as a result of the census, but living in a home - Matthew 2:11 And going into the house, they saw the child with Mary his mother, and they fell down and worshiped him. Then, opening their treasures, they offered him gifts, gold and frankincense and myrrh. While they moved several times, one would assume that home ownership would have continued. After Joseph passed away, Jesus would have inherited the property and responsibility for the family. Jesus was likely a homeowner:Mark 2:1–4 (ESV) And when he returned to Capernaum after some days, it was reported that he was at home. And many were gathered together, so that there was no more room, not even at the door. And he was preaching the word to them. And they came, bringing to him a paralytic carried by four men. And when they could not get near him because of the crowd, they removed the roof above him, and when they had made an opening, they let down the bed on which the paralytic lay.Mark 2:13–15 (ESV) He went out again beside the sea, and all the crowd was coming to him, and he was teaching them. And as he passed by, he saw Levi the son of Alphaeus sitting at the tax booth, and he said to him, “Follow me.” And he rose and followed him. And as he reclined at table in his house, many tax collectors and sinners were reclining with Jesus and his disciples, for there were many who followed him.Resourced By Earned FavorLuke 8:1 Soon afterward he went on through cities and villages, proclaiming and bringing the good news of the kingdom of God. And the twelve were with him, 2 and also some women who had been healed of evil spirits and infirmities: Mary, called Magdalene, from whom seven demons had gone out, 3 and Joanna, the wife of Chuza, Herod's household manager, and Susanna, and many others, who provided for them out of their means.Jesus worked hard and had an impact in the lives of those he served. Good, hard work for others produces a favor.Resourced By Unexpected FavorMatthew 2:11 (ESV) …and they fell down and worshiped him. Then, opening their treasures, they offered him gifts, gold and frankincense and myrrh.Magi (magician) a blurry line between occult experiments and legitimate scienceAstrologist, studying the stars and likely the zodiac. After discovering the star identifying the birth of “the King of the Jews,” they left their home to find Him, a journey likely to nearly two years, based on Herod's resulting decision to kill all male Israeli children two years and younger (Matthew 2:16Men of means, travelling in a caravan large enough to be noticed by the general population and stir up commoner and politician alike with their mission (Matthew 2:3 When Herod the king heard this, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him)The Magi came bearing treasures for the King of the Jews. These gifts were appropriate in substance, and no doubt quantity. They included:gold, the appropriate gift for a King. frankincense, the gift for Deity. myrrh, a valued spice, especially for those who suffer

Send us a textTrav slots in as Polykiller runner-up, Steve pretends to be impressed. Top 5 video game characters that would make good pets!Join us on BlueSkyPolykillPolymediaSteveTravGames this EpisodeFantasian Neo DimensionIndiana Jones and the Great CircleHadesSand LandLegend of Zelda: Link Between WorldsDino CrisisMind Over MagnetMister MosquitoOvercooked 2 - DLCShadow of the ColossusContra ForceSesame Street: CountdownAxelayStrike Gunner STGA Nightmare on Elm STreetBack to the FuturePolykillersBraniac345:WarioWare D.I.Y., Digimon Battle Spirit, Tekken 8: Unforgotten Echoes, Sonic Advance 3, Spyro: Season of Ice, Demon Turf: Neon SplashKergonShining Force Gaiden 3: The Final Conflict, Donkey Kong Country, Fatal Fury, Fatal Fury 2, World Heroes, Super Mario 3D World, World Heroes 2, Fighter's History, Banishing Racer, Battle Crusher, Bubble Ghost, Sint Nicolaas, Boboboubo Boubobo - Bakutou Haijke Taisen, ZatchBell! - Electric Arena, Konjiki no Gashbell!! Yuujou no Zakeru - Dream Tag Tournament, Yū Yū Hakusho 2: Kakutō no Sho, Konjiki no Gashbell!! Unare! Yuujou no Zakeru 2, Nekketsu Kouha Kunio-Kun - Bangai Rantou Hen, Macross 7 - Ginga no Heart o Furuwasero!!,  Futari Wa Pretty Cure Max Heart: Maji? Maji!? Fight de IN Janai, Bakushô Yoshimoto no ShinkigekiFind more shows at polymedianetwork.com, BlueSky: Trav, Steve, Polykill, Polymedia twitch.tv/blinkoom, Send us an email polykillpodcast@gmail.com, Check out our patreon at Patreon.com/polykill How to be a Polykiller: Beat a game, take a screenshot, post it on BlueSky or Polymedia Discord, use #justbeatit, write a review and be sure to include @Polykill. Beat the most, become Polykiller. Beat any, have your Skeet potentially read on the show! Check out the Bonus Beats episodes on Patreon for more beat-skeet coverage!

Pred vama je epizoda podcasta Snaga uma, koja je snimana za prošlu nedelju, ali nije emitovana zbog dana žalosti. Sudija i pisac Miodrag Majić govorio je o osećaju izgubljenog rata za društvene vrednosti, kritičku misao i empatiju, uz osvrt na izgubljene ratove i ratne traume kojima se bavi u svojim romanima, a posebno u svom najnovijem romanu "Pod tuđim suncem". "Kao narod, mi smo se uvek vraćali kad su nas svi otpisali i pravili istorijske veleobrte. Možda u tome pokušavam da pronađem i sada nadu. I domaći i strani zavojevači su nas već otpisali", objasnio je Majić ističući da ipak čuva optimizam, uprkos osećaju poraza koji se često nameće.

Matangazo ya nusu saa kuhusu habari za mapema asubuhi pamoja na habari za michezo.

Nchini Somalia, ni asilimia 52 tu wananchi ndio wanapata huduma ya maji safi na salama. Wengine hulazimika kutembea umbali mrefu kuteka maji ambayo si ya uhakika. Hata hivyo kwa msaada wa shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la kuhudumia watoto, UNICEF nchini humo pamoja na wadau, hali sasa inaanza kuimarika. Tuko Adale, mji wa ndani zaidi wa jimbo la kati mwa Somalia, Galmudug. Hapa zaidi ya kaya 2,000 sasa zina huduma ya maji safi na salama, kufuatia ukarabati wa kisima cha maji.Salada Mohammed Omar, yeye ni mfugaji na ni shuhuda wa mradi huu uliotekelezwa na serikali ya jimbo la Galmudug kwa ufadhili wa shirika la Marekani la Misaada ya kimaendeleo USAID na UNICEF.“Tulisafiri muda mrefu kuteka maji, lakini sasa kisima kiko karibu na makazi yetu, tunapata kwa urahisi maji ya kupikia, kufulia na kufanyia usafi.”Video ya UNICEF inaonesha raia na ngamia wakiwa kisimani. Mohammed Yusuf Dirshe ambaye ni kiongozi wa kijamii hapa Adale anasema “awali hakukuwa na tanki la maji wala pampu. Kwa hiyo ilikuwa vigumu kupata maji kwa ajili ya mifugo. Lakini sasa unaona hawa ngamia wanatoka umbali wa hadi wa kilometa 35.”Issack Mohammed, kutoka Kituo cha Amani na Demokrasia mdau wa mradi huu anaeleza kilichofanyika.“Ukarabati ulihusisha kujengea juu matanki, kuweka pampu inayotumia nishati ya jua, na kioski cha maji ili wavulana, wasichana na wanawake waweze kuteka maji kwa urahisi.UNICEF inasema mradi huu unarejesha uhai hapa Adale, kwa kuhakikisha watoto wanakua wakiwa na afya njema, jamii zinastawi na mbinu za kujipatia kipato zinakuwa endelevu.

The topic “Surge of Radical Islam and Khalistan” addresses the growing threats posed by radical Islamist movements and Khalistani separatism in India and globally. It explores the rise of extremism, its impact on national security, communal harmony, and geopolitical stability.

Happy Diwali, everyone! In tonight's rewind bedtime story we're joining Maji the Squirrel as he celebrates in Sleepy Forest, and teaches his new friends about the holiday. There are lanterns, and fireworks, and even a party! Relax, get sleepy, and let's begin!  Upgrade to Koko Club Today!

Mamata Banerjee on the potential division of Bengal. Discover insights from Devdutta Maji and Sanjay Dixit on the future of Hindus in Bangladesh amidst rising tensions and geopolitical shifts.

We are on ep 10, we discussed ch 49-56 y'all stay on point.We read about dreamscapes, community and someone kissed. If you didn't read and want to do not press play. Tomi is now casting for the film, I'm so excited for her.We got Kiki on a mini vaca on the road on a Tuesday, Casey caught up... And I like always... Immm tyyyyaaaddd.We are reading Children Of Blood and Bone... 17th season of the pod#bookclub #onthegoCheck out: https://www.chanbepoddin.com/so-what-page-we-on-bih-clubSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/so-what-page-we-on-bih2875/exclusive-content

A nature-based retreat center planned outside Two Harbors is aiming to provide a restorative getaway for people of color. But Maji ya Chai is getting pushback from local residents over concerns of noise, traffic and other impacts. 35 residents of Silver Creek Township have appealed the Lake County planning commission's April decision to grant the sanctuary a conditional use permit.The founder of Maji ya Chai, Rebeka Ndosi, joined MPR News guest host Nina Moini to share her goals for the new center.

Poslušajte novu epizodu podkasta Iza vesti sa Miodragom Majićem.

The Charles Stewart Mott Department of Public Health focuses on population health from its home base – the College of Human Medicine's Flint campus. Being embedded in the Flint community allows the faculty and researchers to understand the assets and needs of the community while studying Flint's most pressing public health issues. Spartans work side-by-side with community partners and health care providers in a community-identified and community-participatory public health focus model. Jennifer Johnson arrived in 2015 to a nearly empty building, the first research faculty member employed by the college in Flint. Much has changed since then. On April 1, Johnson assumed a new job as the founding chair of the department, overseeing nearly 200 faculty and staff. Johnson leads a conversation on the impactful research and work being done in the department with her colleagues Maji Hailemariam Debena, Gayle Shipp, and Steven Ondersma. Conversation Highlights: (0:58) – Johnson on the department's mission and her role. (1:59) – Maji introduces herself. (2:15) – Gayle introduces herself. (2:44) – Steve introduces himself. (3:16) – Maji, tell us about the MOSAIC project. (5:12) – How are your mentor moms helping the younger moms? (6:35) – What are the next steps? Do you hope to scale up the project? (7:47) – Tell us about the YWCA women's empowerment center you helped create. (10:25) – How does your local work in Flint intersect with your international work in Africa? “It's about people, not places.” (14:06) – Gayle describes her research to impact and improve maternal infant health equity. (15:22) – Tell us about the disparities you see and why they matter. (17:20) – Why is breastfeeding important? (18:28) – How is your work addressing the disparities you're seeing? (22:08) – Tell us about your new grant from the Robert Wood Foundation. (24:08) – What are your next steps? How do you hope your work will turn into action? (27:58) – Steve describes his research incorporating technology into addressing health disparities. What is CIAS - Computerized Intervention Authoring System? (41:20) – How are you using this platform to help with maternal health equity?  (49:51) – “It's now possible to prevent postpartum depression.” What is Reach Out, stay Strong, Essentials (ROSE)? (52:31) – Maji, Gayle and Steve on what they want us to know about their work. What is your ultimate goal? Listen to “MSU Today with Russ White” on the radio and through Spotify, Apple Podcasts, and wherever you get your shows.

Is Modi set for a landslide victory in West Bengal? Witness the upheaval in the Mamata camp as 27 out of 42 seats hang in the balance. Stay informed with the latest Bengal opinion poll analysis by Devdutta Maji.

The region is home to historic cities such as Florence, Siena, and Pisa, each boasting stunning architecture, art masterpieces, and a vibrant atmosphere. Florence, the birthplace of the Renaissance, houses renowned museums like the Uffizi Gallery and the Accademia, where Michelangelo's David stands as a symbol of artistic brilliance.Tuscany's culinary scene is a feast for the senses, featuring world-class wines like Chianti and Brunello di Montalcino, along with traditional dishes like ribollita, pappa al pomodoro, and the famous bistecca alla fiorentina.SienaSiena, Italy, is a charming medieval city renowned for its rich history, stunning architecture, and vibrant cultural scene. Nestled in the heart of Tuscany, Siena is famous for its well-preserved medieval streets and the iconic Piazza del Campo, one of Europe's most fabulous medieval squares.The city's medieval center is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, showcasing Gothic and Romanesque architecture that transports visitors back in time. Siena's most iconic landmark is the Duomo di Siena (Siena Cathedral), a magnificent example of Italian Gothic architecture adorned with intricate sculptures and beautiful frescoes.Siena is also renowned for the Palio, a historic horse race that takes place twice a year in the Piazza del Campo. The Palio is a centuries-old tradition that captivates locals and visitors alike, adding a touch of excitement to the city's cultural tapestry.Beyond its historical treasures, Siena offers a culinary experience that captures the essence of Tuscan cuisine. Visitors can savor local delicacies, including Pici pasta, ribollita soup, and the region's exceptional wines.With its timeless beauty and cultural richness, Siena stands as a testament to Italy's enduring charm and is a must-visit destination for those seeking a glimpse into the country's medieval past.San GimignanoSan Gimignano is a picturesque medieval town nestled in the heart of Tuscany, Italy. Known as the "Town of Fine Towers," its skyline is dominated by 14 well-preserved medieval towers, offering a unique and enchanting atmosphere. The town, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is renowned for its medieval architecture, charming cobblestone streets, and rich history.Visitors to San Gimignano can explore the Piazza della Cisterna, a central square surrounded by medieval buildings and inviting cafes. The town is also home to remarkable landmarks, such as the Collegiate Church of Santa Maria Assunta, featuring stunning frescoes and art.Aside from its architectural wonders, San Gimignano is celebrated for its local produce, including the famous Vernaccia di San Gimignano wine. The surrounding vineyards and olive groves contribute to the region's gastronomic delights, making it a haven for food and wine enthusiasts.With its well-preserved medieval charm, breathtaking views of the Tuscan countryside, and delectable local offerings, San Gimignano is a must-visit destination for those seeking an authentic Italian experience.Pisa Pisa, a charming city in Tuscany, Italy, is renowned worldwide for its iconic Leaning Tower. Nestled on the banks of the Arno River, Pisa is not just a one-tower wonder; it boasts a rich history, stunning architecture, and a vibrant cultural scene.The Leaning Tower of Pisa, part of the Piazza dei Miracoli (Square of Miracles), is a masterpiece of medieval engineering. Its unintentional tilt has captivated visitors for centuries, making it one of the most recognizable landmarks on the planet.Beyond the tower, Pisa is a treasure trove of historical gems. The Pisa Cathedral, also located in the Square of Miracles, is a breathtaking example of Romanesque architecture adorned with intricate sculptures and artwork. The Baptistery, adjacent to the cathedral, is another architectural marvel that adds to the city's allure.Wandering through Pisa's narrow streets, you'll encounter charming cafes, lively markets, and centuries-old buildings. The city's university, founded in 1343, adds a youthful energy, making Pisa a dynamic blend of tradition and modernity.Pisa's cultural scene is vibrant, with museums showcasing art, history, and science. The Palazzo Blu, for instance, hosts rotating exhibitions, providing a glimpse into Italy's rich cultural heritage.Whether you're drawn to the Leaning Tower's quirkiness or the city's historical charm, Pisa offers a delightful escape into the heart of Italian culture and history.Whether exploring charming medieval villages, enjoying the serenity of the countryside, or indulging in the region's culinary delights, Tuscany offers a truly enchanting experience for every traveler. It's a destination that seamlessly combines history, art, and nature, making it a must-visit for those seeking a taste of authentic Italian beauty and culture.A Renaissance of Wonders: Exploring Florence, ItalyNestled in the heart of Tuscany, Florence is a city that breathes history, art, and culture at every cobblestone turn. Known as the birthplace of the Renaissance, Florence boasts a rich tapestry of architectural marvels, world-class art, and delectable cuisine. If you're planning a visit to this enchanting city, here's a Travel Brat-approved guide to help you make the most of your time.The Duomo and Brunelleschi's DomeNo visit to Florence is complete without marveling at the iconic Santa Maria del Fiore Cathedral or Il Duomo. Admire the intricate facade and climb to the top for breathtaking panoramic city views. Be sure to appreciate the genius of Filippo Brunelleschi's Dome, a masterpiece of Renaissance engineering. Don't forget to visit the baptistry and bell tower too!Uffizi GalleryHome to an unparalleled Renaissance art collection, the Uffizi Gallery is a treasure trove for art enthusiasts. Works by Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Botticelli, and Raphael adorn the walls. Some favorite works include Birth of Venus or Primavera Botticelli, Doni Tondo by Michelangelo, Annunciation, Adoration of the Maji, The Baptism of Christ, Davinci, Madonna del Cardellino, Saint John the Baptist in the Dessert Rafel, and Madona and Child by Filippo Lippi. Book your tickets in advance to skip the lines and allow ample time to explore this artistic haven. Galleria dell'AccademiaThe Galleria dell'Accademia is where you'll find one of the most celebrated sculptures in the world – Michelangelo's David. Witness the sculptor's mastery up close and explore other works by Michelangelo and other renowned artists. Here, you will also find four other unfinished works by Michelangelo.Ponte VecchioStroll across the Ponte Vecchio, Florence's oldest bridge spans the Arno River. Lined with charming shops, Ponte Vecchio is the perfect spot to shop for jewelry, art, and souvenirs. The bridge offers splendid views of the cityscape, especially during sunset.Palazzo VecchioPalazzo Vecchio is a medieval fortress turned town hall located in the heart of Florence's historic center. Admire the impressive frescoes, sculptures, and the opulent Salone dei Cinquecento, which showcases the city's political and artistic legacy. Boboli GardensEscape the hustle and bustle of the city with a visit to the Boboli Gardens, a stunning example of Italian Renaissance garden design. Wander through the landscaped greenery, fountains, and sculptures, enjoying a peaceful respite.Piazza della SignoriaThis historic square is an open-air museum, surrounded by iconic sculptures like the Fountain of Neptune and a copy of Michelangelo's David. Sit at one of the cafes, soak in the atmosphere, and witness the pulse of Florentine life.Florentine CuisineIndulge your taste buds in Florence's culinary delights. Savor local specialties such as ribollita (a hearty Tuscan soup), bistecca alla fiorentina (Florentine steak), and gelato from one of the city's renowned gelaterias. For a relaxed and delicious meal, try Bis Trot Tre Tavoli authentic casual, and for an upscale meal, try II Guscio.Santa Croce BasilicaVisit the final resting place of some of Italy's most illustrious figures, including Michelangelo, Galileo, and Machiavelli. The Basilica di Santa Croce is not only a place of worship but also a testament to Florence's cultural and intellectual heritage.Sunset at Piazzale MichelangeloWrap up your Florence adventure with a visit to Piazzale Michelangelo, a panoramic terrace offering unparalleled city views. As the sun sets over Florence, you will be treated to a magical sight that perfectly encapsulates the timeless beauty of this remarkable city.Medici Chapels The Medici Chapels, located in Florence, Italy, are a stunning testament to the wealth and cultural influence of the Medici family during the Renaissance. Commissioned by the powerful banking family, the chapels are part of the Basilica di San Lorenzo complex and serve as a final resting place for several members of the Medici clan. The New Sacristy, designed by Michelangelo, is a Renaissance art and architecture masterpiece. Its grandeur is characterized by intricately carved statues and elegant tombs, including those of Lorenzo the Magnificent and Giuliano de' Medici. The Chapel of the Princes, another notable section of the complex, was intended to be a grand mausoleum for the Medici rulers.Perfume Making If you need a break from sightseeing, you can make your very own perfume right in Florence at the Antica Spezieria Erboristeria San Simone Firenze.Where to stayStay like a local in the heart of Florence at the Horto Convento.Florence, with its artistic legacy and timeless charm, is a destination that transcends the boundaries of time. Whether you're an art aficionado, a history buff, or simply seeking the pleasures of Italian culture and cuisine, Florence is sure to leave an indelible mark on your heart. Immerse yourself in the Renaissance spirit, and let Florence cast its enchanting spell on you.

Mamlaka wame pata mamba wa maji ya chumvi mwenye urefu wa 2.5m, ndani ya mji wa Ingham ambao uko Kaskazini Queensland baada ya mto wa eneo hilo kufurika.

Shots and Shorts: Jared, KB and I discuss Mickey and Minnie's Gift of the Maji.

In this episode:00:46 Modifying a fungal drug to make it less toxicAmphotericin B is a drug used to treat life-threatening fungal infections. But while it is effective against many fungal species, it is also extremely toxic to kidneys, meaning it is mostly used as a drug of last-resort. This week, a team has unpicked the mechanism behind the drug's toxicity, allowing them to modify it and reduce side effects in human kidney cells. The researchers hope this new version of the drug could become a useful tool in fighting fungal diseases.Research article: Maji et al.09:00 Research HighlightsReconstructing woolly rhino DNA using samples from fossilized hyena dung, and a soft robot that can perform surgery inside a beating heart.Research Highlight: Woolly-rhino genome emerges from cave hyena's fossilized pooResearch Highlight: A robot performs heart surgery with a strong but delicate touch11:26 Phosphorus found at the edge of our GalaxyPhosphorus is a vital element for life and for planet formation, but although abundant in the inner part of the Milky Way, it has been undetected in the outer regions of our Galaxy. Now, researchers have identified phosphorus-containing molecules huge distances from Earth, although exactly how this phosphorus was created is unclear. The team suspect that lower-mass stars are behind the phosphorus generation, and believe that the detection of the element could broaden the range of planets that may be habitable in our Galaxy.Research article: Koelemay et al.18:14 Briefing ChatWhat Osiris-REx's hypersonic capsule return could teach researchers about asteroids hitting Earth's atmosphere, and the genetic studies that could help restore the genomes of Scotland's endangered ‘Highland tigers'.Nature News: Asteroid sampler's hypersonic return thrilled scientists: here's what they learntNature News: How to keep wildcats wild: ancient DNA offers fresh insightsSubscribe to Nature Briefing, an unmissable daily round-up of science news, opinion and analysis free in your inbox every weekday. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In tonight's rewind bedtime story for kids we look back on last year's Diwali celebrations, in which Maji the malabar squirrel decorated his treehouse and threw a party for his sleepy forest neighbours. Relax, get sleepy, and let's begin!Upgrade to Koko Club Today!

In tonight's rewind bedtime story for kids we look back on last year's Diwali celebrations, in which Maji the malabar squirrel decorated his treehouse and threw a party for his sleepy forest neighbours. Relax, get sleepy, and let's begin! Upgrade to Koko Club Today!

Yesu atakupa maji ya uzima, Mwangaza katika Maisha

Nchini Benin, mradi unaofadhiliwa na shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Mfuko wa Maendeleo ya Mitaji, UNCDF umewezesha vijana waliokuwa wanazurura wakati wa msimu wa mwambo nchini humo kuweza kuendelea na shughuli za kilimo kutokana na mradi huo kuwapatia pampu za kusukuma maji ya umwagiliaji kwa kutumia nishati ya sola. Ni Issotina Nala huyo kijana mkulima wa mboga mboga mwenye umri wa miaka 32 akizungumza kwa furaha juu ya manufaa ya pampu inayotumia nishati ya jua au sola na mfumo wa umwagiliaji maji uliofanikihswa na UNCDF hapa Kijiji cha Wekete jimbo la Ouake, kaskazini magharibi mwa Benin, huko Afrika Magharibi.  “Ndio, inaleta tofauti kubwa sasa na kwa siku za usoni, kwa kuwa hatutakosa kipato. Kwa sababu mimi nina wake wawili na Watoto. Kwa pampu hii Watoto wangu wataweza Kwenda shuleni, na familia yangu itakuwa na ahueni.” Cossova Nanako, Mkuu wa Programu za UNCDF Benin anasema suala kwamba kuna uhaba wa maji kutokana na mabadiliko ya tabianchi tunabaini kuwa vijana wengi wanakuwa hawana cha kufanya msimu wa ukame kuanzia mwezi Oktoba hadi Aprili.  Bwana Nala akiwa kwenye bustani yake ya mboga anakiri.. “Hakuna maji kuanzia Oktoba hadi Machi kwa hiyo tunabakia nyumbani. Na unaweza kufanya nini bila maji? Ukiwa na bustani ya mboga unapaswa kuwepo bustani kila wakati.” UNCDF inasema hali hiyo inalazimu vijana kuondoka vijijini na kuelekea mijini kutafuta vibarua lakini kupitia mradi huu uitwalo LoCAL wa kuwezesha wakazi kuhimili mabadiliko ya tabiachi nchi sasa kuna nuru na Bwana Nala anasema,  “Sasa na mfumo huu wa umwagiliaji, hakuna tena kupumzika na tutakuwa na muda wa kufanya kazi wakati wowote.” UNCDF inasema sasa wakulima wanaweza kulima misimu yote hata wakati wa ukame na hivyo kuwa na uhakika sio tu wa chakula bali pia kipato kwa ajili ya familia zao. 

Hii leo jaridani tunaangazia hali ya usalama nchini Sudan Kusini na mradi wa maji nchini Rwanda. Makala tunasalia huko huko Sudan Kusini na Mashinani tunakupeleka nchini Zimbabwe, kulikoni?  Mwakilishi Maalum wa Katibu Mkuu wa Umoja wa Mataifa ambaye pia ni Mkuu wa Ujumbe wa Umoja wa Mataifa nchini Sudan Kusini (UNMISS), Nicholas Haysom ametahadharisha kwamba muda unazidi kuyoyoma kuelekea Sudan Kusini kufanya uchaguzi mkuu unaotarajiwa mwezi Desemba mwaka ujao wa 2024 lakini bado masuala muhimu ya kuufanya uchaguzi huo uende kama ulivyopangwa bila kuchelewa hayajakamilika.Balozi mwema wa Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linalohudumia watoto UNICEF Vanessa Nakate amefanya ziara nchini Rwanda kujionea namna mradi wa pampu ya kuvutia maji inayotumia nishati ya umeme wa jua au Sola ilivyoleta manufaa kwa wanawake na wasichana barubaru 11,000 waliokuwa wakitembea umbali mrefu kusaka hmaji.Katika makala Assumpta Massoi anafuatilia ziara ya wakuu wa mashirika matatu ya Umoja wa Mataifa nchini Sudan Kusini.Na tunakupeleka nchini Zimbabwe ambako vijana wameweza sio tu kijikwamua kiuchumi na kuondokana na umaskini bali pia kuhifadhi mazingira na tutasikia kutoka kwa mmoja wao.Mwenyeji wako ni Leah Mushi, karibu!

Balozi mwema wa Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linalohudumia watoto UNICEF Vanessa Nakate amefanya ziara nchini Rwanda kujionea namna mradi wa pampu ya kuvutia maji inayotumia nishati ya umeme wa jua au Sola ilivyoleta manufaa kwa wanawake na wasichana barubaru 11,000 waliokuwa wakitembea umbali mrefu kusaka hmaji. Ni Vanessa Nakate Balozi mwema wa UNICEF, raia wa Uganda ambaye pia ni mwanaharakati wa mabadiliko ya tabianchi akiwa Nyagashankara nchini Rwanda alikokwenda kutembelea mradi wa maji ambao hapo awali ulikuwa ukitumia mafuta ya diseli lakini saa unatumia nishati safi ya Sola. Akiwa kijijini hapo Vanessa alikutana na mabinti wawili Adele na Graciela ambao kabla ya mradi huu walikuwa wakitembea umbali mrefu kusaka maji …… na anaeleza kuwa,  “Ilikuwa hatari kwao, tunajua kuwa kwa uwiano, wasichana na wanawake wanaathirika pakubwa na majanga ya tabianchi, kwa hiyo ni muhimu sana kuelewa kuwa tunavyopamba kupata haki kutokana na athari za mabadilko ya tabianchi ni kuwa pia tunapambana kwa haki ya kijinsia.”Vanessa anaikumbusha jamii kuwa wasichana hawana changamoto moja tu ndani ya jamii, utakuja binti ambaye anaathirika na mabadiliko ya tabianchi, huyo huyo anaweza kuacha shule au kukosa masomo hivyo kuleta majawabu mtambuka kunasaidia kutatua changamoto nyingi ndani ya jamii. “Kuwa na mashine ya kuvuta maji inayotumia umeme wa Sola ambao unawarahisishia kupata maji sio tu unasaidia kuhakikisha wasichana wanasalia shuleni lakini pia inawasaidia kuwa na maono ya dunia bora zaidi. “Vanessa anahitimisha kwa kueleza kuwa ili kuhakikisha wanajamii wengi zaidi wananufaika na miradi kama hii ya maji lazima kuwepo na miradi mingi kama hii na hilo litawezekana iwapo watapata uwezeshaji wa kifedha na rasilimani nyingine nah apo wasichana wengi watakuwa wamehakikishiwa kuendelea kusalia shuleni. 

Kwa siku tatu, viongozi wakuu wa mashirika ya Umoja wa Mataifa, lile la Mpango wa Chakula (WFP), Chakula na Kilimo (FAO) na Mfuko wa Maendeleo ya Kilimo duniani, IFAD walikuwemo nchini Sudan Kusini kuona ni kwa jinsi gani miradi wanayotekeleza kwa pamoja ya kujenga mnepo na kuhakikisha lishe ya uhakika na bora imeleta mabadiliko. Wakazi wa Apada Boma jimboni Bahr el Ghazal Kaskazini nchini humo walikuwa taswira ya manufaa ya miradi hiyo ambayo wakuu hao walikagua kama inavyofafanua Makala hii iliyoandaliwa na Assumpta Massoi.