Podcasts about evoked

El presente episodio abarca un completo monográfico y homenaje en torno a la figura del brillante científico mexicano Jacobo Grinberg, desaparecido en extrañas circunstancias en diciembre del año 1994. Autor de más de 50 libros e infinidad de investigaciones, Grinberg es una de las figuras más destacadas en el estudio de la conciencia humana y las verdaderas posibilidades de nuestra mente, ejerciendo de nexo entre la antigua sabiduría chamánica y la ciencia oficial. Grinberg permaneció cerca de un año junto a Bárbara Guerrero, más conocida como “Pachita” y una chamana mexicana capaz de realizar cirugías psíquicas tan solo con sus manos y un viejo cuchillo de monte. Realizaremos un exhaustivo análisis en torno a su vida, su obra y las circunstancias que rodearon su desaparición. De igual manera analizaremos el revelador documental “El secreto del doctor Grinberg” publicado por Ida Cuéllar en el año 2020, además de compartir material inédito en torno al mismo. (De antemano pedir disculpas por la calidad del audio en algunas partes, teniendo en cuenta que consta de antiguas grabaciones de la época y el objetivo primordial es que resulte plenamente inteligible). BIBLIOGRAFÍA DE JACOBO GRINBERG: - La experiencia interna; Trillas, México, 1975. INPEC 1987. - La construcción de la realidad; Trillas, México, 1975. INPEC 1987. - Las creaciones de la existencia; Trillas, México 1976. - El vehículo de las transformaciones; Trillas, México, 1976. - Más allá de los lenguajes; Trillas, México, 1976. - Psicofisiología del aprendizaje; Trillas, México, 1976. - Nuevos principios de psicología fisiológica; Trillas, México, 1976. - El despertar de la conciencia; Trillas, México, 1978. - Los fundamentos de la experiencia; Trillas, México, 1978. - El cerebro consciente; Trillas, México, 1979. - Bases psicofisiológicas de la memoria y el aprendizaje I: Fase de la memoria; Trillas, México, 1979. - Bases psicofisiológicas de la memoria y el aprendizaje II: La localización de la memoria; Trillas, México, 1979. - Bases psicofisiológicas de la memoria y el aprendizaje III: Naturaleza de la memoria; Trillas, México, 1980. - Bases psicofisiológicas de la percepción visual I: Estructuras subcorticales; Trillas, México, 1981. - El espacio y la conciencia; Trillas, México, 1981. - Las manifestaciones del ser I: Pachita; Edomex, México, 1981. - Las manifestaciones del ser II: Cuauhtemoctzin; Edomex, México, 1982. - La luz angelmática; Edamex, México, 1983. INPEC, 1988. - En busca del ser; INPEC, México, 1987 – 1990. - Correlativos electrofisiológicos de la comunicación humana. Facultad de Medicina. UNAM. Tesis doctoral. México, 1987. - Meditación autoalusiva; INPEC, México, 1987-1990. - Retorno a la luz; SEP, México, 1987. - La expansión del presente; INPEC, México, 1988. - Creation of Experience; INPEC, México, 1988. - Psicofisiología del poder; INPEC, México, 1988. - Cantos de ignorancia iluminada. INPEC, México, 1988. - Los chamanes de México I: psicología autóctona mexicana; Alpa Corral, México, 1987. INPEC, 1990. - Los chamanes de México II: misticismo indígena; Alpa Corral, México. 1987. - Los chamanes de México III: Pachita; INPEC, México, 1989. Heptada, Madrid, España, 1990. - Los chamanes de México IV: la cosmovisión de los chamanes; INPEC, México, 1988. - Los chamanes de México V: el cerebro y los chamanes; INPEC, México, 1989. - Los chamanes de México VI: la voz del ver; INPEC, México, 1989. - Los chamanes de México VII: el doble; INPEC, México, 1990. - La creación de la experiencia. Los Libros del Comienzo, Madrid, España, 1990. - Técnicas de meditación trascendente; Heptada, Madrid, España, 1990. - La conquista del templo; Heptada, Madrid, España, 1990. - La meditación; INPEC, México, 1991. - Fluir en él sin yo; INPEC, México, 1991. - La teoría sintérgica; INPEC, México, 1991. - La batalla por el templo; INPEC, México, 1991. - La fuerza vital del cielo anterior; INPEC, México, 1991. - El prototipo; INPEC, México, 1991. - Recontre avec les Chamans du Mexique; Editions Le Mail, Aix en Provence, Francia, 1994. - El sabor de la iluminación; Sirio, 1994. - El yo como idea; INPEC-UNAM, México, 1994. INVESTIGACIONES PUBLICADAS: - Grinberg-Zylberbaum, J., Delaflor, M., Attie, L., & Goswami, A. (1994). The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox in the Brain: The Transferred Potential. Physics Essays. - Patterns of Interhemispheric Correlation During Human Communication (Patrones de correlación interhemisférica durante la comunicación humana). - Evoked potentials and concept formation in man (Los potenciales evocados y la formación de conceptos en el ser humano). - The transformation of neuronal activity into conscious experience: the syntergic theory (La transformación de la actividad neuronal en la experiencia consciente: la teoría sintérgica). - Transference of mental energy (transferencia de energía mental). JACOBO GRINBERG – ENTREVISTA COMPLETA 15 DE NOVIEMBRE DE 1989: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6A9QBQHNHyM QUIÉN FUE PACHITA – LA CHAMANA MEXICANA QUE LUCHÓ JUNTO A PANCHO VILLA Y REALIZABA CIRUGÍAS PSÍQUICAS: https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2022/09/06/quien-fue-pachita-la-chamana-mexicana-que-lucho-junto-a-pancho-villa-y-realizaba-cirugias-psiquicas/ ASÍ FUE EL DÍA QUE JACOBO GRINBERG CONOCIÓ A PACHITA: https://www.infobae.com/mexico/2024/01/19/cuando-la-ciencia-y-el-chamanismo-colisionaron-asi-fue-el-dia-que-jacobo-grinberg-conocio-a-pachita/ PACHITA – LA “MILAGROSA” CHAMANA MEXICANA QUE DECÍA ESTAR POSEÍDA POR CUAHTÉMOC, EL ÚLTIMO GOBERNANTE DE TENOCHTITLÁN: https://www.muyinteresante.com.mx/sociedad/1563.html LA VEZ QUE JODOROWSKY ESTUVO EN MÉXICO Y FUE OPERADO POR UNA CHAMANA: https://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/jodorowsky-pachita.html EL ENCUENTRO ENTRE PACHITA Y CHARLES MINGUS – LA CURANDERA MEXICANA QUE NO SANÓ AL JAZZISTA: https://www.tribuna.com.mx/tendencias/2024/4/24/el-encuentro-entre-pachita-charles-mingus-la-curandera-mexicana-que-no-sano-al-jazzista-366906.html ¿QUIÉN FUE PACHITA? – LOS MILAGROS DE LA CHAMANA MEXICANA MÁS FAMOSA: https://www.canal-ar.com.ar/33231-Quien-fue-Pachita-Los-milagros-de-la-chamana-mexicana-mas-famosa.html ¿QUÉ ES LA LATTICE SEGÚN JACOBO GRINBERG?: https://ekiforma.com/salud-mental/lattice-que-es-grinberg/ LA LATTICE DE GRINBERG: https://revistarevoltura.wordpress.com/2018/02/07/la-lattice-grinberg/ QUÉ FUE EL PROYECTO STARGATE: https://www.infobae.com/america/mundo/2023/08/20/que-fue-el-proyecto-stargate-el-experimento-mas-extravagante-de-la-cia-que-probo-supuestos-poderes-paranormales/ DOCUMENTAL - EL SECRETO DEL DOCTOR GRINBERG: https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x8ney7o MATERIAL INÉDITO: “EL SECRETO DEL DOCTOR GRINBERG” – ENTREVISTA A SUS HERMANOS: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i6Z6xlLGvw “EL SECRETO DEL DOCTOR GRINBERG” – JACOBO GRINBERG Y LA TELEPATÍA: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgbBMk4MF1k&t=149s “EL SECRETO DEL DOCTOR GRINBERG” – JACOBO GRINBERG Y EL SECRETO DE LA CORRELACIÓN INTERHEMISFÉRICA: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWa_-pJot5k&t=117s “EL SECRETO DEL DOCTOR GRINBERG” – JACOBO GRINBERG Y PACHITA: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wl9cIGhrM04 “EL SECRETO DEL DOCTOR GRINBERG” – JACOBO GRINBERG Y CARLOS CASTANEDA: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-jJ1HXeswQ “EL SECRETO DEL DOCTOR GRINBERG” - JACOBO GRINBERG Y LOS CHAMANES DE MÉXICO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJkPWvKIc4I CANAL OFICIAL IDA CUÉLLAR: https://www.youtube.com/@Idacuellar MÚSICA DEL EPISODIO: IRIS & ALEX - SOY ESTE MOMENTO CONTACTO: eliniciado@yahoo.com Este programa no tiene ánimo de lucro ni será monetizado, el único afán es la máxima difusión de cuestiones que nos atañen a todos.

Send us a textToday we are releasing a bonus episode! This is my recent appearance on the Transformation Evoked YouTube Channel, hosted by our former guest Donika Hristova!!PLEASE let me know what you think of this format!! Is this something you'd like to see on my channel, would you like to ask people in this space your questions? I thought this format was a BLAST!Donika Hristova is a Certified Integrative Nutrition and Keto for Mental Health Coach who is based just outside Washington, DC. She is passionate about transforming mental health challenges into opportunities for holistic wellness and vitality.Find Donika at-https://transformationevoked.com/Join the Meet-Up! https://www.meetup.com/keto-lifestyle-for-mental-health/IG- @transformation_evokedFB- @Transformation EvokedLK- @Donika HristovaFind Boundless Body at- myboundlessbody.com Book a session with us here!

Bernstein didn't like the name Matt Shaw evoked when talking 3rd base development full 1123 Fri, 14 Feb 2025 20:42:49 +0000 BlcsHtPbJOh8Fv6PBA6Oj2liDl4rTEvG mlb,chicago cubs,sports Bernstein & Harris Show mlb,chicago cubs,sports Bernstein didn't like the name Matt Shaw evoked when talking 3rd base development Dan Bernstein and Marshall Harris bring you fun, smart and compelling Chicago sports talk with great listener interaction. The show features discussion of the Bears, Blackhawks, Bulls, Cubs and White Sox as well as the biggest sports headlines beyond Chicago. Leila Rahimi joins the show as a co-host on Wednesdays. Recurring guests include Bears linebacker T.J. Edwards, Pro Football Talk founder Mike Florio, Cubs outfielder Ian Happ and Cubs president of baseball operations Jed Hoyer. Catch the show live Monday through Friday (10 a.m.- 2 p.m. CT) on 670 The Score, the exclusive audio home of the Cubs and the Bulls, or on the Audacy app. © 2024 Audacy, Inc. Sports False https://player.amperwavepodcasting.com?feed-link=https%3A%2F%2Frss.amperwave.ne

Bernstein didn't like the name Matt Shaw evoked when talking 3B development (Hour 2) full 2686 Fri, 14 Feb 2025 20:57:17 +0000 zguVbu4inn7vrXWKaLZdfCBTTwdnN0s4 sports Bernstein & Harris Show sports Bernstein didn't like the name Matt Shaw evoked when talking 3B development (Hour 2) Dan Bernstein and Marshall Harris bring you fun, smart and compelling Chicago sports talk with great listener interaction. The show features discussion of the Bears, Blackhawks, Bulls, Cubs and White Sox as well as the biggest sports headlines beyond Chicago. Leila Rahimi joins the show as a co-host on Wednesdays. Recurring guests include Bears linebacker T.J. Edwards, Pro Football Talk founder Mike Florio, Cubs outfielder Ian Happ and Cubs president of baseball operations Jed Hoyer. Catch the show live Monday through Friday (10 a.m.- 2 p.m. CT) on 670 The Score, the exclusive audio home of the Cubs and the Bulls, or on the Audacy app. © 2024 Audacy, Inc. Sports False https://player.amperwavepodcasting.com?feed-link=https%3A%2F%2Frss.amperwave.net%2Fv

Send us a textDonika Hristova is a Certified Integrative Nutrition and Keto for Mental Health Coach who is based just outside Washington,DC. She is passionate about transforming mental health challenges into opportunities for holistic wellness and vitality.Her own journey through personal health struggles has taught her that investing in well-being is the truest form of wealth. For years, she struggled with weight issues, severe binge eating episodes, and the crippling effects of bipolar depression. Despite relying on medication, it often felt like a temporary crutch rather than a true solution for her.Because of that, Donika has a profound understanding of the challenges that stem from body image issues and mental health struggles. Through it all, one thing became abundantly clear, which was the incredible power of the ketogenic lifestyle. It wasn't just a diet for Donika, it became a powerful, transformative therapy.Recently, she has been the recipient of the 2024 Fresh Start Award, which includes a $10,000 grant to promote Metabolic Psychiatry given out by the non-profit Metabolic Mind!Find Donika at-https://transformationevoked.com/IG- @transformation_evokedFB- @Transformation EvokedLK- @Donika HristovaFind Boundless Body at- myboundlessbody.com Book a session with us here!

Luigi Mangione is facing first degree murder charges in the death of UnitedHealthcare CEO Brian Thompson.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode, we're diving into the groundbreaking work of the Barbara S. Christie Evoked Potential Operant Conditioning Laboratory. Join Dr. Aiko Thompson and Sarah Dimeglio as we explore how researchers are unlocking the secrets of the brain's ability to heal after injuries like spinal cord damage or strokes. They're using techniques like operant conditioning, which is like teaching the brain new tricks, to help people recover movement and sensation. Tune in to discover how this research is changing lives and paving the way for new rehabilitation strategies.

In the episode, Dr. Sadis Matalon (University of Alabama Birmingham) interviews Dr. Catherine Dulac (Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University) about the new Review in Physiological Reviews by Kaplan et al., which explores the neural basis of the complex social behavior of parenting. Parenting behavior is absolutely essential for the development of human beings and animal species. All humans and animals will experience the impact of parenting behavior on their lives, and parenting behavior is far more complex than simply the care of others. Parenting behavior is a unique physiological state that affects infant-to-adult interactions and adult-to-adult interactions, as well as a wide range of physiological changes related to food intake, sleep, and mood. We discuss essential questions related to the prevalence of postpartum depression disorder, genetic and environmental factors affecting the control of parenting behavior, and whether parenting behavior can improve over time with experience. Listen to this fascinating conversation to learn more.   Harris S. Kaplan, Patricia M. Horvath, Mohammed Mostafizur Rahman, and Catherine Dulac The neurobiology of parenting and infant-evoked aggression Physiological Reviews, published October 25, 2024. DOI: doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00036.2023

The 646th of a series of weekly radio programmes created by :zoviet*france: First broadcast 23 November 2024 by Resonance 104.4 FM and CJMP 90.1 FM Thanks to the artists and sound recordist included here for their fine work. track list … :zoviet*france: - A Duck in a Tree Link 646a 00 Matt Atkins - Intro 01 [unknown sound recordist / BBC] - Diesel Lorry – 10 Ton (Bedford, 6 Cylinders, 1984 Model) Exterior: Start Up, Drive Off 02 Natural Snow Buildings - Curare 03 Giovanna Iorio - If Only a Voice (in the New York Subway) (Subway from 72nd Street) 04 Ambientsketchbook - Inner Child 05 Matt Wand & Laurence Lane - Good Vibrations 2RPM 06 Nomad Tree - Amongst Forest Spirits or Wild Beasts [extract] 07 Harry Bertoia - Mellow Tops 08 Snowdrops - Ligne de mica ++ Matt Atkins - Outro … :zoviet*france: - A Duck in a Tree Link 646b

Putting Musical Feelings Into Words: Children's Verbal Descriptions of Music-Evoked Experiences

South Africa has accused Israel of committing genocide in Gaza, a claim that Israel rejects. In its argument, South Africa points to a violent story in the Hebrew Bible, which has been used by Netanyahu.

How do we recognise our lost family lineages?Serena is a dancer and a dreamer, a writer and storyteller, poet and performer.She is a family historian who works to heal ancestral storylines that hold past traumas.This is a fascinating exploration of ancient history, ancestral lineages and a passion for knowing who she is and the lives of others.Serena's website my www.runesnroses.com Facebook https://www.facebook.com/runesnrosesInstagram https://www.instagram.com/runesnroses/ I hope you enjoyed hearing about Serenas work Thank you for listening to this podcast, let's spread the word together to support the embodiment of soul, to reclaim our spirituality and to remember a broken innocence, a reclaiming of soul and our life force. Gratitude to you all https://plus.acast.com/s/how-to-find-our-soul-purpose. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.24.550310v1?rss=1 Authors: Accou, B., Bollens, L., Gillis, M., Verheijen, W., Van hamme, H., Francart, T. Abstract: Researchers investigating the neural mechanisms underlying speech perception often employ electroencephalography (EEG) to record brain activity while participants listen to spoken language. The high temporal resolution of EEG enables the study of neural responses to fast and dynamic speech signals. Previous studies have successfully extracted speech characteristics from EEG data and, conversely, predicted EEG activity from speech features. Machine learning techniques are generally employed to construct encoding and decoding models, which necessitate a substantial amount of data. We present SparrKULee: A Speech-evoked Auditory Repository of EEG, measured at KU Leuven, comprising 64-channel EEG recordings from 85 young individuals with normal hearing, each of whom listened to 90-150 minutes of natural speech. This dataset is more extensive than any currently available dataset in terms of both the number of participants and the amount of data per participant. It is suitable for training larger machine learning models. We evaluate the dataset using linear and state-of-the-art non-linear models in a speech encoding/decoding and match/mismatch paradigm, providing benchmark scores for future research. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.17.549322v1?rss=1 Authors: Gautam, D., Raza, M. U., Miyakoshi, M., Molina, J., Joshi, Y. B., Clayson, P. E., Swerdlow, N., Light, G., Digavalli, S. V. Abstract: Sensory networks naturally entrain to rhythmic stimuli like a click train delivered at a particular frequency. Such synchronization is integral to information processing, can be measured by electroencephalography (EEG), and is an accessible index of neural network function. Click trains evoke neural entrainment not only at the driving frequency (F), referred to as the auditory steady-state response (ASSR), but also at its higher multiples called the steady-state harmonic response (SSHR). Since harmonics play an important and non-redundant role in acoustic information processing, we hypothesized that SSHR may differ from ASSR in presentation and pharmacological sensitivity. In female SD rats, a 2 s-long train stimulus was used to evoke ASSR at 20 Hz and its SSHR at 40, 60, and 80 Hz. Narrow band evoked responses were evident at all frequencies; signal power was strongest at 20 Hz while phase synchrony was strongest at 80 Hz. SSHR at 40 Hz took the longest time (~180 ms from stimulus onset) to establish synchrony. The NMDA antagonist MK801 (0.025-0.1 mg/kg) did not consistently affect 20 Hz ASSR phase synchrony but robustly and dose-dependently attenuated synchrony of all SSHR. Evoked power was attenuated by MK801 at 20 Hz ASSR and 40 Hz SSHR only. Thus, presentation, as well as pharmacological sensitivity, distinguished SSHR from ASSR, making them non-redundant markers of cortical network function. SSHR is a novel and promising translational biomarker of cortical oscillatory dynamics that may have important applications in CNS drug development and personalized medicine. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Subscribing Apple Podcasts| RSS Other Places This Is Bandcamp | YouTube| Spotify| Apple Music | I'd love to hear what you think of this podcast. I really enjoy doing it, but it'd be great to hear about what you like and don't like. Let me know by leaving a review on Apple Podcasts. If you want to support the podcast, you can at Patreon or by purchasing albums on Bandcamp Thanks.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.03.547608v1?rss=1 Authors: Schueller, A., Schilling, A., Krauss, P., Rampp, S., Reichenbach, T. Abstract: Selective attention to one of several competing speakers is required for comprehending a target speaker amongst other voices and for successful communication with them. Selective attention has been found to involve the neural tracking of low-frequency speech rhythms in the auditory cortex. Effects of selective attention have also been found in subcortical neural activities, in particular regarding the high-frequency neural response at the fundamental frequency of speech, the speech-FFR. Recent investigations have, however, shown that the speech-FFR contains cortical contributions as well. It remains unclear whether these are also modulated by selective attention. Here we employed magnetoencephalography (MEG) to assess the attentional modulation of the cortical contributions to the speech-FFR. We presented participants with two competing speech signals and analyzed the cortical responses during attentional switching between the two speakers. Our findings revealed robust attentional modulation of the cortical contribution to the speech-FFR: the neural responses were higher when the speaker was attended than when they were ignored. We also found that, regardless of attention, a voice with a lower fundamental frequency elicited a larger cortical contribution to the speech-FFR than a voice with a higher fundamental frequency. Our results show that the attentional modulation of the speech-FFR does not only occur subcortically but extends to the auditory cortex as well. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.30.547226v1?rss=1 Authors: Steinmetzger, K., Rupp, A. Abstract: The P2 component of the auditory evoked potential is commonly thought to reflect acoustic stimulus properties as well as prior exposure to the materials, rather than change-related cortical activity. Here, we challenge this view by showing that the P2 is strongly increased in response to voice pitch changes with a stepwise pattern compared to changes in dynamic pitch contours typical for natural speech, and also reflects the magnitude of these pitch changes. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that neither the P2 nor any other component are affected by the harmonicity of the materials. Despite no prior exposure, artificially created inharmonic versions of the speech materials elicited similar activity throughout auditory cortex. This suggests that so-called harmonic template neurons observed in animal studies are either absent or do not exist in sufficient number in human auditory cortex to detect their activity extracranially. Crucially, both morphology and source re-constructions of the EEG data showed that the P2 appears to consist of two separate subcomponents. Whereas source activity for the P2a was strongest in right auditory cortex, the subsequent P2b included generators spread across auditory cortex and association areas, bilaterally. The two subcomponents thus likely reflect processing at different stages of the auditory pathway. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.29.546822v1?rss=1 Authors: Leach, S., Krugliakova, E., Sousouri, G., Snipes, S., Scorucak, J., Schuehle, S., Mueller, M., Ferster, M. L., Da Poian, G., Karlen, W., Huber, R. Abstract: The pivotal role of sleep in memory consolidation is widely acknowledged, yet which specific electrophysiological components drive this process remains a topic of intense debate. To unveil this process, a neuromodulation approach enabling the precise manipulation of specific oscillations is necessary. Here, we combined phase-targeted auditory stimulation (PTAS) during sleep in combination with high-density electroencephalography (hd-EEG) to specifically evoke K-complexes (KCs), a prominent oscillation during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep. Over the course of two nights, one with PTAS, the other without, data from 14 young healthy adults were recorded. By targeting the down-phase of slow waves, auditory stimuli selectively evoked KCs. Strikingly, these evoked KCs were associated with improved verbal memory consolidation via enhanced cross-frequency coupling between slow waves and spindles in a right frontal region. This finding suggests that evoked KCs actively participate in the hippocampal-neocortical dialogue and thereby drive the consolidation of memories during sleep. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.26.546352v1?rss=1 Authors: Jiang, Z., An, X., Shuang Liu, S., Yin, E., Yan, Y., Ming, D. Abstract: There are significant intra-individual and inter-individual variabilities in audiovisual temporal perception. Previous studies have shown that prestimulus neural variability could reflect behavioral variabilities. We aimed to investigate whether prestimulus neural variability can predict behavioral variability in audiovisual temporal perception. Furthermore, We also explored whether prestimulus neural variability directly influences behavioral responses or indirectly impacts perceptual decisions through post-stimulus-evoked responses. We analyzed the electroencephalography (EEG) data from a paradigm where the twenty-eight human subjects performed a simultaneity judgment (SJ) task in the beep-flash stimulus. The prestimulus weighted permutation entropy (WPE) was the indicator of neural variability in this study. We found that prestimulus frontal WPE could predict the individual's TBW in auditory- and visual-leading conditions. In addition, increased prestimulus parietal WPE was associated with more asynchronous responses. Prestimulus frontal WPE may be associated with top-down cognitive control, while parietal WPE may be related to bottom-up cortical excitability. Furthermore, poststimulus evoked responses could mediate the relation between prestimulus WPE and the individual's TBW or perceptual responses. These results suggested that prestimulus WPE was a marker in reflecting intra-individual and inter-individual variabilities in audiovisual temporal perception. Significantly, prestimulus WPE might influence perceptual responses by affecting poststimulus sensory representations. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.04.537848v1?rss=1 Authors: Smith, T. J., Wu, Y., Cheon, C., Khan, A. A., Srinivasan, H., Capadona, J. R., Cogan, S. F., Pancrazio, J. J., Engineer, C. T., Hernandez-Reynoso, A. G. Abstract: Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of the somatosensory cortex via penetrating microelectrode arrays (MEAs) can evoke cutaneous and proprioceptive sensations for restoration of perception in individuals with spinal cord injuries. However, ICMS current amplitudes needed to evoke these sensory percepts tend to change over time following implantation. Animal models have been used to investigate the mechanisms by which these changes occur and aid in the development of new engineering strategies to mitigate such changes. Non-human primates are commonly the animal of choice for investigating ICMS, but ethical concerns exist regarding their use. Rodents are a preferred animal model due to their availability, affordability, and ease of handling, but there are limited choices of behavioral tasks for investigating ICMS. In this study, we investigated the application of an innovative behavioral go/no-go paradigm capable of estimating ICMS-evoked sensory perception thresholds in freely moving rats. We divided animals into two groups, one receiving ICMS and a control group receiving auditory tones. Then, we trained the animals to nose-poke - a well-established behavioral task for rats - following either a suprathreshold ICMS current-controlled pulse train or frequency-controlled auditory tone. Animals received a sugar pellet reward when nose-poking correctly. When nose-poking incorrectly, animals received a mild air puff. After animals became proficient in this task, as defined by accuracy, precision, and other performance metrics, they continued to the next phase for perception threshold detection, where we varied the ICMS amplitude using a modified staircase method. Finally, we used non-linear regression to estimate perception thresholds. Results indicated that our behavioral protocol could estimate ICMS perception thresholds based on ~95% accuracy of rat nose-poke responses to the conditioned stimulus. This behavioral paradigm provides a robust methodology for evaluating stimulation-evoked somatosensory percepts in rats comparable to the evaluation of auditory percepts. In future studies, this validated methodology can be used to study the performance of novel MEA device technologies on ICMS-evoked perception threshold stability using freely moving rats or to investigate information processing principles in neural circuits related to sensory perception discrimination. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.03.539222v1?rss=1 Authors: Bialas, O., Maess, B., Schoenwiesner, M. Abstract: Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.26.538484v1?rss=1 Authors: Henderson, T. T., Taylor, J. L., Thorstensen, J. R., Kavanagh, J. J. Abstract: Serotonin modulates corticospinal excitability, motoneurone firing rates and contractile strength via 5-HT2 receptors. However, the effects of these receptors on cortical and motoneurone excitability during voluntary contractions have not been explored in humans. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate how 5-HT2 antagonism affects corticospinal and motoneuronal excitability with and without descending drive to motoneurones. Twelve individuals (aged 24 {+/-} 4 years old) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, whereby the 5-HT2 antagonist cyproheptadine was administered. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was delivered to the motor cortex to produce motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and electrical stimulation at the cervicomedullary junction was used to generate cervicomedullary motor evoked potentials (CMEPs) in the biceps brachii at rest and during a range of submaximal elbow flexions. Evoked potentials were also obtained after a conditioning TMS pulse to produce conditioned MEPs and CMEPs (100 ms inter-stimulus interval). Compared to placebo, 5-HT2 antagonism reduced maximal elbow flexion torque (p = 0.004), unconditioned MEP amplitude at rest (p = 0.003), conditioned MEP amplitude at rest (p = 0.033), and conditioned MEP amplitude during contractions (p = 0.020). 5-HT2 antagonism also increased unconditioned CMEP amplitude during voluntary contractions (p = 0.041) but not at rest. Although 5-HT2 antagonism increased long-interval intracortical inhibition, net corticospinal excitability was unaffected during voluntary contractions. Given that spinal motoneurone excitability was only affected when descending drive to motoneurones was present, the current study indicates that excitatory drive is necessary for 5-HT2 receptors to regulate motoneurone excitability but not intracortical circuits. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.26.538480v1?rss=1 Authors: Lines, J., Yuste, R. Abstract: Neuronal ensembles, defined as groups of coactive neurons, dominate cortical activity and are causally related to perceptual states and behavior. Interestingly, ensembles occur spontaneously in the absence of sensory stimulation. To better understand the function of ensembles in spontaneous activity, we explored if ensembles also occur during different brain states, including sleep, using two-photon calcium imaging from mouse primary visual cortex. We find that ensembles are present during all wake and sleep states, with different characteristics depending on the exact sleep stage. Moreover, visually evoked ensembles are reactivated during subsequent slow wave sleep cycles. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that repeated sensory stimulation can reconfigure cortical circuits and imprint neuronal ensembles that are reactivated during sleep for potential processing or memory consolidation. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.12.536570v1?rss=1 Authors: Campbell, I., Beckers, E., Sharifpour, R., Berger, A., Paparella, I., Balda Aizpurua, J. F., Koshmanova, E., Mortazavi, N., Sherif, S., Vandewalle, G. Abstract: Light has many non-image-forming functions including modulation of pupil size and stimulation of alertness and cognition. Part of these non-image-forming effects may be mediated by the brainstem locus coeruleus. The processing of sensory inputs can be associated with a transient pupil dilation that is likely driven in part by the phasic activity of the locus coeruleus. Here, we aimed to characterise the task-evoked pupil response associated with auditory inputs under different light levels and across two cognitive tasks. We continuously monitored the pupil of 20 young healthy participants (24.05y; 14% women) while they completed an attentional and an emotional auditory task whilst exposed to repeated 30-to-40s-blocks of light interleaved with darkness periods. Blocks could either consist of monochromatic orange light [0.16 melanopic Equivalent Daylight Illuminance (EDI) lux] or blue-enriched white light of three different levels [37, 92, 190 melanopic EDI lux; 6500K]. For the analysis 15 and then 14 participants were included in the attentional and emotional tasks respectively. Generalized Linear Mixed Models showed a significant main effect of light level on the task-evoked pupil responses triggered by the attentional and emotional tasks (p less than or equal to .0001). The impact of light was different for the target vs. non-target stimulus of the attentional task but was not different for the emotional and neutral stimulus of the emotional task. Despite a smaller sustained pupil size during brighter light blocks, a higher light level triggers a stronger task-evoked pupil response to auditory stimulation, presumably through the recruitment of the locus coeruleus. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.27.534002v1?rss=1 Authors: Campbell, J. M., Davis, T. S., Nesterovich Anderson, D., Arain, A., Inman, C. S., Smith, E. H., Rolston, J. D. Abstract: Emerging evidence suggests that the temporal dynamics of cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) may be used to characterize the patterns of information flow between and within brain networks. At present, however, the spatiotemporal dynamics of CCEP propagation cortically and subcortically are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that CCEPs propagate as an evoked traveling wave emanating from the site of stimulation. To elicit CCEPs, we applied single-pulse stimulation to stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) electrodes implanted in 21 adult patients with intractable epilepsy. For each robust CCEP, we measured the timing of the maximal descent in evoked local field potentials and broadband high-gamma power (70-150 Hz) envelopes relative to the distance between the recording and stimulation contacts using three different metrics (i.e., Euclidean distance, path length, geodesic distance), representing direct, subcortical, and transcortical propagation, respectively. Many evoked responses to single-pulse electrical stimulation appear to propagate as traveling waves (~17-30%), even in the sparsely sampled, three-dimensional SEEG space. These results provide new insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of CCEP propagation. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Dave Asprey is the reason I got into health in the first place, and he is the Father of Biohacking, and plans to live to 180 years old! So it was an honor to have him over to my place to talk about his latest book Smarter Not Harder, which is about the quickest and easiest ways to get healthy even if you're lazy! If you hate working out, this episode is for you. If you want to be more resilient, this episode is for you, if you want to live well and for a long time, this episode is for youGo to boncharge.com/ZADDY and use coupon code ZADDY to save 15%. You can find him:daveasprey.comIGFBTwitterYouTubePodcast Subscribe or keep tuning in at:IGTik TokYouTubethelukecook.comNewsletter INTRO 2:15 Shining lights on your testicles. Living to 180 and what that looks like for Dave. 4:10 A 300lb businessman (297 naked). Where it all began, where he is now and a full-time lifestyle. Why he wrote Smarter Not Harder. 7:50 The Meat Operating System- the instinctual hardware your body doesn't want you to know about. Motivating yourself by rewarding laziness. 11:30 Upgrade Labs optimization. 14:00 Carol Bike. Slope of The Curve Biology. 17:55 The Meat Operating System, part II. A neural experiment. P3OD. Evoked potential. Reality perceived through evolution. Hacking your reality- cheap an easy way to increase Cardiolipin. The cheapest cryotherapy. 24:00 The Cheat Machine. Do people really like to go to the gym? Ways to avoid it. Diet. Eating for energy. 29:40 Dave was a raw vegan. Avoiding things that make you hungry. Phytic acid. Mineral deficiency. Danger coffee. Dangerous people. 33:34 Buddhist principles. 40:00 Breathing Techniques. What personal techniques Dave uses. Art of Living Exercises. Holotropic Breathing. Pranayama. Block Breath. Danger Signals. 48:00 The signaling mechanisms within your eyes that prompt your meat operating system and ways to influence them to improve sleep. Dave's morning routine when traveling. Sleep proofing. Water. Supplements. His glasses. Tru Light. 55:00 Talking hard-ons. The big clipper. ED factors and what to look out for. Fertility and population decline. Atrazine. 59:00 Birth Control in the water. The Business of Birth Control. ZADDY QUICK!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.24.528183v1?rss=1 Authors: Petrov, P. I., Vink, J., Mandija, S., van den Berg, N. A. T., Dijkhuizen, R. M., Neggers, S. F. W. Abstract: The adoption of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has steadily increased in research as a tool capable to safely and non-invasively stimulate both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Initial clinical applications were limited to diagnostic use of TMS and readout signals such as electromyograms (EMG). Subsequently, repetitive TMS (rTMS) was appreciated for its therapeutics benefits as well. However, even after a decade of use of rTMS as an alternative treatment of major depression disorder in psychiatry, the mechanism of action is still not well understood. Computer models predicting the induced electric field distribution in the brain have been suggested before in the hope to resolve at least some of the uncertainty and resulting variable treatment response associated with the clinical use of TMS. We constructed a finite element model (FEM) of the head using individual volumetric tissue meshes obtained from an MRI scan and a detailed model of a TMS coil that together can predict the current induced in the head of a patient at any given location with any given coil position and orientation. We further designed several potential metrics of how a TMS induced current induced neuronal activation in the motor cortex, and added this to the model. We validated this model with motor evoked potentials (MEPs), EMG responses of the hand muscles after TMS on the motor cortex, in an experiment on 9 healthy subjects. We adopted a tailored MEP mapping protocol for model validation, which unlike traditional grid mappings, varies the TMS machine output intensity between stimulation locations. We further varied coil orientation on each point stimulated to allow exploration of the angular dependency of the model MEPs. Taken together, this approach covers a wide domain and scope of the modeled and measured responses, which are optimally suited for model validation. For each subject the motor hotspot was carefully identified using individual cortical anatomy and BOLD fMRI measurements. Modeled activation in the motor cortex did not show a good correlation to the observed magnitude of the observed MEPs, for none of the neuronal activation metrics adopted. For an activation metric that was asymmetric, taking into account induced current direction with respect to the motor cortex sulcal wall, was marginally better than other metrics. Generally all activation metrics based on induced currents performed better than a control metric agnostic of induced electric field magnitude. Our results suggest that one should take into account components of the injected currents and their relationship to the morphology of the underlying motor cortex, but the coarse metrics we used to model the relationship between induced current and neuronal activation probably did not do justice to the complex neuronal circuitry of the cortical sheet. Furthermore, it seemed MEP magnitudes in our experiment are too variable over subsequent stimulations, which could be mitigated by more repetitions per stimulation location and orientation. Further efforts to construct validated models predicting TMS effects in individual patients brains should incorporate microcircuits interactions in the cortical sheet, in addition to induced electrical field models, and take into account inherent trial to trial variability of MEPs. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.21.529278v1?rss=1 Authors: Niraula, S., Hauser, W., Rouse, A. G., Subramanian, J. Abstract: Familiarity creates subjective memory of repeated passive innocuous experiences, reduces neural and behavioral responsiveness to those experiences, and enhances novelty detection. The neural correlates of the internal model of familiarity and the cellular mechanisms of enhanced novelty detection following multi-day repeated passive experience remain to be better understood. Using the mouse visual cortex as a model system, we test how the repeated passive experience of an orientation-grating stimulus for multiple days alters spontaneous, and non-familiar stimuli evoked neural activity in neurons tuned to familiar or non-familiar stimuli. We found that familiarity elicits stimulus competition such that stimulus selectivity reduces in neurons tuned to the familiar stimulus, whereas it increases in those tuned to non-familiar stimuli. Consistently, neurons tuned to non-familiar stimuli dominate local functional connectivity. Furthermore, responsiveness to natural images, which consists of familiar and non-familiar orientations, increases subtly in neurons that exhibit stimulus competition. We also show the similarity between familiar grating stimulus-evoked and spontaneous activity increases, indicative of an internal model of altered experience. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.20.529191v1?rss=1 Authors: Studenova, A. A., Forster, C., Engemann, D. A., Hensch, T., Sander, C., Mauche, N., Hegerl, U., Loeffler, M., Villringer, A., Nikulin, V. V. Abstract: Evoked responses and ongoing oscillations represent two major electrophysiological phenomena in the human brain yet the link between them remains rather obscure. Here we show how these two types of brain activity can be mechanistically linked within the framework of the baseline-shift mechanism for the generation of evoked responses. We do so for the two most frequently studied EEG signals: the P300-evoked response and alpha oscillations (8-12 Hz). The baseline-shift mechanism states that oscillations may generate evoked responses if oscillations have a non-zero mean and their amplitude is modulated by the stimulus. Therefore, if the alpha amplitude modulation generates P300, the following predictions should hold: 1) the temporal evolution of P300 and alpha amplitude is similar, 2) spatial localisations of the P300 and alpha amplitude modulation overlap, 3) oscillations are non-zero mean with a sign of the mean being congruent to P300 polarity and direction of alpha amplitude change, 4) P300 and alpha amplitude modulation correlate with cognitive scores in a similar fashion. To fully and reliably validate these predictions, we analysed the data set of elderly participants (N=2230, 60-82 years old), using a) resting-state EEG recordings to compute the baseline-shift index (BSI) to quantify the mean of oscillations, b) the event-related data, to extract parameters of P300 and c) alpha rhythm amplitude envelope. The data was analysed both in sensor and source space. We showed that P300 is indeed linked to alpha amplitude modulation according to all four abovementioned predictions: 1) the time courses of P300 and alpha amplitude envelope correlate negatively; 2) both P300 and alpha rhythm spatially localised in the posterior region of the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex; 3) the sign of the BSI at Pz electrode is predominantly negative, consistent with the positive polarity of P300 and decrease of alpha amplitude; moreover, a negative BSIs of higher magnitude corresponded to higher P300 amplitude; 4) attention, memory, and executive function scores have congruent correlations for P300 and alpha rhythm amplitude. Our results provide an unifying view on the interdependency of evoked responses and neuronal oscillations and suggest that P300, at least partly, is generated by the modulation of alpha oscillations. Therefore, changes in P300 related to different cognitive conditions, age, or neuropathologies should be interpreted by taking into account the spatio-temporal dynamics of neuronal oscillations. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.18.528981v1?rss=1 Authors: Sharma, M., Bhaskar, V., Yang, L., FallahRad, M., Gebodh, N., Zhang, T., Esteller, R., Martin, J., Bikson, M. Abstract: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) evokes fast epidural Evoked Compound Action Potential (ECAPs) that represent activity of dorsal column axons, but not necessarily a spinal circuit response. Using a multimodal approach, we identified and characterized a delayed and slower potential evoked by SCS that reflects synaptic activity within the spinal cord. Anesthetized female Sprague Dawley rats were implanted with an epidural SCS lead, epidural motor cortex stimulation electrodes, an epidural spinal cord recoding lead, an intraspinal penetrating recording electrode array, and intramuscular electromyography (EMG) electrodes in the hindlimb and back. We stimulated the motor cortex or the epidural spinal cord and recorded epidural, intraspinal, and EMG responses. SCS pulses produced characteristic propagating ECAPs (composed of P1, N1, and P2 waves with latencies less than 2 ms) and an additional wave (S1) starting after the N2. We verified the S1-wave was not a stimulation artifact and was not a reflection of hindlimb/back EMG. The S1-wave has a distinct stimulation-intensity dose response and spatial profile compared to ECAPs. CNQX (a selective competitive antagonist of AMPA receptors) significantly diminished the S1-wave, but not ECAPs. Furthermore, cortical stimulation, which did not evoke ECAPs, produced epidurally detectable and CNQX-sensitive responses at the same spinal sites, confirming epidural recording of an evoked synaptic response. Finally, applying 50 Hz SCS resulted in dampening of ESAPs, but not ECAPs. Therefore, we hypothesize that the S1-wave is synaptic in origin, and we term the S1-wave type responses: Evoked Synaptic Activity Potentials (ESAPs). The identification and characterization of epidurally recorded ESAPs from the dorsal horn may elucidate SCS mechanisms. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.18.529057v1?rss=1 Authors: Gheres, K. W., Unsal, H. S., Han, X., Turner, K. L., Zhang, Q., Zhang, N., Drew, P. J. Abstract: In the adult sensory cortex, increases in neural activity elicited by sensory stimulation usually drives vasodilation mediated by neurovascular coupling. However, whether neurovascular coupling is the same in neonatal animals as adults is controversial, as both canonical and inverted responses have been observed. We investigated the nature of neurovascular coupling in unanesthetized neonatal mice using optical imaging, electrophysiology, and BOLD fMRI. We find in neonatal (postnatal day 15, P15) mice, sensory stimulation induces a small increase in blood volume/BOLD signal, often followed by a large decrease in blood volume. An examination of arousal state of the mice revealed that neonatal mice were asleep a substantial fraction of the time, and that stimulation caused the animal to awaken. As cortical blood volume is much higher during REM and NREM sleep than the awake state, awakening occludes any sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling. When neonatal mice are stimulated during an awake period, they showed relatively normal (but slowed) neurovascular coupling, showing that that the typically observed constriction is due to arousal state changes. These result show that sleep-related vascular changes dominate over any sensory-evoked changes, and hemodynamic measures need to be considered in the context of arousal state changes. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.05.527227v1?rss=1 Authors: Masuda, F. K., Sun, Y., Aery Jones, E. A., Giocomo, L. M. Abstract: Ketamine, a rapid-acting anesthetic and acute antidepressant, carries undesirable spatial cognition side effects including out-of-body experiences and spatial memory impairments. The neural substrates that underlie these alterations in spatial cognition however, remain incompletely understood. Here, we used electrophysiology and calcium imaging to examine ketamine's impacts on the medial entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, which contain neurons that encode an animal's spatial position, as mice navigated virtual reality and real world environments. Ketamine induced an acute disruption and long-term re-organization of entorhinal spatial representations. This acute ketamine-induced disruption reflected increased excitatory neuron firing rates and degradation of cell-pair temporal firing rate relationships. In the reciprocally connected hippocampus, the activity of neurons that encode the position of the animal was suppressed after ketamine administration. Together, these findings point to disruption in the spatial coding properties of the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit as a potential neural substrate for ketamine-induced changes in spatial cognition. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.24.525317v1?rss=1 Authors: Nandi, T., Johnstone, A., Martin, E., Cooper, R., Bestmann, S., Bergmann, T. O., Treeby, B., Stagg, C. J. Abstract: Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS), has been shown to evoke 'visual evoked potential (VEP)-like' potentials on EEG recordings, and also to modulate sensory evoked potentials. However, pulsed TUS is accompanied by an auditory confound, and it is possible that any observed effects were, in-part, evoked by this confound. Therefore, we used ramped TUS pulses, which are not as easily audible, to examine whether primary visual cortex (V1) TUS evokes VEP-like potentials, and modulates VEPs elicited using a checkerboard stimulus. Methods: We tested 14 healthy participants (31 +/- 4.3 yrs, 4 F and 10 M). TUS was applied to the left V1 using a 270 kHz transducer (H115-2AA, Sonic Concepts). Ramped pulses (1 ms ramp, 3.25 ms total pulse duration) were repeated at 250 Hz, with a pulse train duration of 300 ms, an effective duty cycle of 50%, and Isppa without ramping of 16 W/cm2 in water. EEG was recorded from 16 channels using the g.USBamp amplifier (g.tec medical engineering GmbH). In two blocks (TUS-only), real and sham (100 each) TUS trials were repeated every 2 s. In another two blocks (TUS+checkerboard), a checkerboard stimulus was flipped every 0.5 s, and every fourth stimulus was associated with either a real or sham (100 each) TUS trial. The TUS trial started approx. 130 ms (0-5 ms jitter) before the checkerboard flip. All EEG data were analysed using Fieldtrip, and cluster-based permutation tests were used to test for differences between conditions. Results and discussion: In the TUS-only condition, in contrast to a previous study, we found no evoked potentials using ramped pulses which minimised the auditory artifact. In the TUS+checkerboard condition, we observed a modulation of the early-component of the VEP in real TUS, relative to no TUS trials. This suggests that, in line with in-vitro and animal data, there is a direct neuromodulatory effect of ultrasound, in addition to any confounding effects. Moving forward, ramping offers a relatively easy approach to minimise the auditory confound. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.04.522700v1?rss=1 Authors: Radecke, J.-O., Fiene, M., Misselhorn, J., Herrmann, C. S., Engel, A. K., Wolters, C. H., Schneider, T. R. Abstract: Background: Covert visuo-spatial attention is marked by the anticipatory lateralization of neuronal alpha activity in the posterior parietal cortex. Previous applications of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at the alpha frequency, however, were inconclusive regarding the causal contribution of oscillatory activity during visuo-spatial attention. Objective: Attentional shifts of behavior and electroencephalography (EEG) after-effects were assessed in a cued visuo-spatial attention paradigm. We hypothesized that parietal alpha-tACS facilitates attention in the ipsilateral visual hemifield. Furthermore, we assumed that modulations of behavior and neurophysiology are related to individual electric field simulations. Methods: We applied personalized tACS at alpha and gamma frequencies to elucidate the role of oscillatory neuronal activity for visuo-spatial attention. Personalized tACS montages were algorithmically optimized to target individual left and right parietal regions that were defined by an EEG localizer. Results: Behavioral performance in the left hemifield was specifically increased by alpha-tACS compared to gamma-tACS targeting the left parietal cortex. This hemisphere-specific effect was observed despite the symmetry of simulated electric fields. In addition, visual event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes showed a reduced lateralization over posterior sites induced by left alpha-tACS. Neuronal sources of this effect were localized in the left premotor cortex. Interestingly, accuracy modulations induced by left parietal alpha-tACS were directly related to electric field magnitudes in the left premotor cortex. Conclusion: Overall, results corroborate the notion that alpha lateralization plays a causal role in covert visuo-spatial attention and indicate an increased susceptibility of parietal and premotor brain regions of the left dorsal attention network to subtle tACS-neuromodulation. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.21.521407v1?rss=1 Authors: Chien, S.-C., Wang, P., Maess, B., Fishman, Y., Knoesche, T. Abstract: Evoked neural responses to sensory stimuli have been extensively investigated in humans and animal models both to enhance our understanding of brain function and to aid in clinical diagnosis of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. Recording and imaging techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), local field potentials (LFPs), and calcium imaging provide complementary information about different aspects of brain activity at different spatial and temporal scales. Modeling and simulations provide a way to integrate these different types of information to clarify underlying neural mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to shed light on the neural dynamics underlying auditory evoked responses by fitting a rate-based model to LFPs recorded via multi-contact electrodes which simultaneously sampled neural activity across cortical laminae. Recordings included neural population responses to best-frequency (BF) and non-BF tones at four representative sites in primary auditory cortex (A1) of awake monkeys. The model considered major neural populations of excitatory, parvalbumin-expressing (PV), and somatostatin-expressing (SOM) neurons across layers 2/3, 4, and 5/6. Unknown parameters, including the connection strength between the populations, were fitted to the data. Our results revealed similar population dynamics, fitted model parameters, predicted equivalent current dipoles (ECD), tuning curves, and lateral inhibition profiles across recording sites and animals, in spite of quite different extracellular current distributions. We found that PV firing rates were higher in BF than in non-BF responses, mainly due to different strengths of tonotopic thalamic input, whereas SOM firing rates were higher in non-BF than in BF responses due to lateral inhibition. In conclusion, we demonstrate the feasibility of the model-fitting approach in identifying the contributions of cell-type specific population activity to stimulus-evoked LFPs across cortical laminae, providing a foundation for further investigations into the dynamics of neural circuits underlying cortical sensory processing. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.05.519195v1?rss=1 Authors: Fu, X., Riecke, L. Abstract: Auditory perception can benefit from stimuli in non-auditory sensory modalities, as for example in lip-reading. Compared with such visual influences, tactile influences are still poorly understood. It has been shown that single tactile pulses can enhance the perception of auditory stimuli depending on their relative timing, but whether and how such brief auditory enhancements can be stretched in time with more sustained, phase-specific periodic tactile stimulation is still unclear. To address this question, we presented tactile stimulation that fluctuated coherently and continuously at 4Hz with an auditory noise (either in-phase or anti-phase) and assessed its effect on the cortical processing and perception of an auditory signal embedded in that noise. Scalp-electroencephalography recordings revealed an enhancing effect of in-phase tactile stimulation on cortical responses phase-locked to the noise and a suppressive effect of anti-phase tactile stimulation on responses evoked by the auditory signal. Although these effects appeared to follow well-known principles of multisensory integration of discrete audio-tactile events, they were not accompanied by corresponding effects on behavioral measures of auditory signal perception. Our results indicate that continuous periodic tactile stimulation can enhance cortical processing of acoustically-induced fluctuations and mask cortical responses to an ongoing auditory signal. They further suggest that such sustained cortical effects can be insufficient for inducing sustained bottom-up auditory benefits. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.15.516568v1?rss=1 Authors: Sulcova, D., Salman, Y., Ivanoiu, A., Mouraux, A. Abstract: Background: The angular gyrus (AG) is involved in numerous cognitive processes, and structural alterations of the AG are reported in many neuropsychiatric diseases. Because abnormal excitability or connectivity of such cortical hubs could precede structural alterations and clinical symptoms, approaches assessing their functional state are needed. The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with electroencephalography (EEG) can provide such functional readouts by probing how the cortex responds to direct stimulation. Objective: To characterize TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) elicited by AG stimulation, determine optimal stimulation parameters, and identify TEP biomarkers of AG function. Methods: In 19 subjects, we recorded AG-TEPs using four TMS orientations and three intensities and compared their spatiotemporal features using topographic dissimilarity and microstate analyses. We also explored the link between AG-TEPs and TMS-evoked muscle activity. Results: Early AG TEP components of interest (P25, N45) showed topographic variability dependent on stimulation parameters. The P25 topography was sensitive to TMS orientation and less to intensity, whereas the N45 topography was highly dependent on both coil orientation and intensity. However, TMS-evoked muscular activity was also dependent on coil orientation and the dominant topography of N45 was strongly related to this muscular activity, indicating that the component may reflect somatosensory-evoked responses to this peripheral activation. Conclusions: The earliest AG TEP component P25 likely reflects neural processes triggered by direct AG activation and could provide an index of local excitability. N45 must be interpreted with caution as it may mostly reflect peripherally evoked activity. Coil orientation can be optimized to minimize muscular contractions. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.11.516096v1?rss=1 Authors: Fuhrer, J., Glette, K., Endestad, T., Solbakk, A.-K., Blenkmann, A. Abstract: Being the most sophisticated information processing apparatus known to us, understanding the brain offers great possibilities. A viable candidate to advance the understanding of this cortical information processing machine is information theory. With its universal applicability, it enables the modeling of complex systems, is free of any requirements about the data structure and can infer the present underlying brain mechanisms. Algorithmic information theory seems particularly suitable since it can estimate the information contained in individual brain responses. Here, we propose a measure grounded in algorithmic information theory termed Encoded Information as a novel approach to analyze neurophysiological recordings. Specifically, it enables an assessment of the encoded information mean responses share with one another by compressing the respective signals. By applying the approach to five cortical activity types originating from intracranial electroencephalography recordings of humans and marmoset monkeys, we demonstrate that the information-based encoding can compete with conventional approaches such as the t-test or mutual information. Information-based encoding is attractive whenever one is interested in detecting where in the brain the neural responses differ across experimental conditions. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.07.515442v1?rss=1 Authors: Sciortino, P., Kayser, C. Abstract: Crossmodal correspondences describe our tendency to associate sensory features from different modalities with each other, such as the pitch of a sound with a specific size of a visual object. While such crossmodal correspondences (or associations) have been described in many behavioural studies their neurophysiological correlates remain debated. Under the current working model of multisensory perception both a low- and a high-level account seem plausible. That is, the neurophysiological processes shaping these associations could commence in early sensory regions, or may rather emerge only later and as a result from high-level multisensory integration processes or in semantic and object identification networks. We implemented a paradigm based on steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) to directly test the hypothesis that the associations between acoustic pitch and the visual features of size, hue or chromatic saturation are visible in brain activity from early visual cortices. Our results reveal a pitch-size congruency effect in the SSVEP over occipital electrodes and in the behavioural data, supporting a low-level account of this crossmodal association. For the associations between pitch and chromatic features we found no significant effects. We speculate that this signature of the pitch size association in early visual cortices reflects the successful pairing of congruent visual and acoustic object properties and may contribute to establishing causal relations between multisensory objects. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.02.513525v1?rss=1 Authors: Lopez-Madrona, V. J., Trebuchon, A., Mindruta, I., Barbeau, E. J., Barborica, A., Pistol, C., Oane, I., ALARIO, F.- X., Benar, C. G. Abstract: The role of the hippocampal formation in memory recognition has been well studied in animals, with different pathways and structures linked to specific memory processes. In contrast, the hippocampus is commonly analyzed as a unique responsive area in most electrophysiological studies in humans, and the specific activity of its subfields remains unexplored. We combined intracerebral electroencephalogram recordings from epileptic patients with independent component analysis (ICA) during a memory recognition task involving the recognition of old and new images to disentangle the activities of multiple neuronal sources within the hippocampus. We identified two sources with different responses emerging from the hippocampus: a fast one (maximum at ~250 ms) that could not be directly identified from raw recordings, and a later one, peaking at ~400 ms. The earliest component was found in 12 out of 15 electrodes, with different amplitudes for old and new items in half of the electrodes. The latter component, identified in 13 out of 15 electrodes, had different delays for each condition, with a faster activation (~290 ms after stimulus onset) for recognized items. We hypothesize that both sources represent two steps of hippocampal memory recognition, the faster reflecting the input from other structures and the latter the hippocampal internal processing. Recognized images evoking early activations would facilitate neural computation in the hippocampus, accelerating memory retrieval of complementary information. Overall, our results suggest that hippocampal activity is composed by several sources, including an early system for memory recognition, that can be disentangled with ICA methods. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.31.514225v1?rss=1 Authors: Sulcova, D., Salatino, A., Ivanoiu, A., Mouraux, A. Abstract: GABAA receptor (GABAAR) - mediated inhibition participates in the control of cortical excitability, and its impairment likely contributes to the pathologic excitability changes that have been associated with multiple neurological disorders. Therefore, there is a need for its direct evaluation in the human brain, and the combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) might represent the optimal tool. TMS-evoked brain potentials (TEPs) capture the spread of activity across the stimulated brain network, and since this process at least partially depends on the GABAAR-mediated inhibition, TEPs may constitute relevant biomarkers of local GABAAergic function. Here, we aimed to assess the effect of GABAARs activation using TEPs, and to identify TEP components that are sensitive to the state of GABAAergic inhibition. In 20 healthy subjects, we recorded TEPs evoked by sub- and supra-threshold stimulation of the primary motor cortex (M1), motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and resting-state EEG (RS-EEG). GABAARs were activated (1) pharmacologically by oral administration of alprazolam compared to placebo within each subject, and (2) physiologically using a sub-threshold conditioning stimulus to characterize the effect of short-latency intracortical inhibition (SICI). In supra-threshold TEPs, alprazolam suppressed the amplitude of components N17, N100 and P180, and increased component N45. The pharmacological modulation of N17 correlated with the change observed in MEPs and with the alprazolam-induced increase of lower {beta}-band RS-EEG. Only a reduction of N100 and P180 was found in sub-threshold TEPs. TEP SICI manifested as a reduction of N17, P60 and N100, and its effect on N17 correlated with the alprazolam-induced N17 suppression and {beta} increase. Our results indicate that N17 of supra-threshold TEPs could serve as a non-invasive biomarker of local cortical excitability reflecting the state of GABAAR-mediated inhibition in the sensorimotor network. Furthermore, the alprazolam-induced increase of {beta}-band oscillations possibly corresponds to the increased inhibitory neurotransmission within this network. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

AP correspondent AP correspondent Walkter Ratliff has this week's Religion Roundup.

The guys play audio of Hurts and more. 

Crisp air, apples and pumpkins are more pronounced in WA state vs. Northern California and certainly Naoness is going through seasonal changes as Naoko embarks on a new job, and another kid is dropped off at college. Why is it an embarrassment to show our deep emotions in public and why is crying in public a sign of weakness? Join us as we explore these emotions and end on a note of hummus. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/naoness/support

South Asian artists have made a name and created a brand for themselves in the Australian creative Industry. The Indian community in Sydney was treated this weekend to two live theatre performances, 'Dozakh' and 'Mughal Bachcha', directed by Saba Zaidi Abdi, a renowned actor and director.

KMUW's Fletcher Powell recounts an unexpected movie memory.

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Dr. Josh King welcomes you to a new season of The Beyond Addiction Show  Today, Dr. King is accompanied by Dr. Michelle “Lani” Shiota, who is a researcher at the University of Arizona where she studies emotions, particularly the awe emotion, which is a uniquely mind-opening experience that inspires us to put aside our pre-conceived schemas about the world and approach new situations accurately, with calm and curiosity. Dr. Shiota shares in today's episode her vast knowledge in the field of emotions, explaining what they are and why they are crucially important for human expression and interactions. Dr. Shiota dives deep into the meaning of the awe emotion, how they work, what we do for ourselves, and how we can make these awe moments more frequent in our lives.   Key Takeaways: [2:35] What are emotions? [6:13] There are behaviors and psychological changes linked to emotions. [8:30] Dr. Shiota discusses the inadequacies of the current theories about emotions. [9:30] What do emotions do for us? [10:30] Emotions help us understand our own and others' feelings and the behaviors resulting from feeling a certain way. [12:08] What is the connection between the spoken emotion and the experience of it? [13:52] Dr. Shiota shares an example of some feelings that are processed in a very ancient way. [18:02] Dr. Shiota talks about the immense way that humans cooperate with each other. [20:21] Dr. Shiota gives the definition of the emotion of awe: An emotional response to a certain kind of situation that short circuits our capacity to relate prior knowledge to it. [25:10] At the heart of the awe state there is the recognition that what we know is not sufficient to explain what we are looking at. [26:30] What does an awe experience do for us? [32:02] Can we do something to create an awe experience? [34:45] Dr. Shiota explains how anyone can experience awe. [37:02] Dr. Shiota and Dr. King talk about how seeking an awe moment can help deal with the anxiety related to substance abuse. [43:07] When is the right time to seek an awe experience? Before or during a triggering situation? [45:50] Dr. Shiota talks about a pilot study they did with smokers. [52:16] Anything that you can do to bring rewards into the moment will be helpful and Dr. Shiota explains why. [55:06] How do you apply the awe experience to substance use disorder? [57:30] Dr. Shiota shares the White Bear Phenomenon. [59:31] Dr. Shiota speaks of her role as Director for the Substance Use and Addiction Translational Research Network. [1:06:47] Dr. King shares his thoughts after a mind-opening conversation with Dr. Shiota.   Mentioned in this Episode: The Beyond Addiction Show Center for Motivation and Change Center for Motivation and Change on Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn   Email Dr. Josh King at beyondaddiction@motivationandchange.com or tweet him at @DocJoshKing   Tweetables and Quotes: “When we talk about emotions we usually talk about an indicator of an internal state” — Dr. Michelle Shiota @_TheCMC [4:40]   “Emotion is clearly a result of both nature and nurture.” — Dr. Michelle Shiota @_TheCMC [7:17]   “We simply don't have an existing theory that satisfactorily accounts for everything we know about emotion and how it works.” — Dr. Michelle Shiota @_TheCMC [8:43]   “Emotions help in binding us together, connecting our internal worlds.” — @_TheCMC @DocJoshKing [16:23]   “Emotions help us navigate relationships with each other.” — Dr. Michelle Shiota @_TheCMC [18:29]   “At the heart of the awe state, there is the recognition that what we know is not sufficient to explain what we are looking at.” — Dr. Michelle Shiota @_TheCMC [25:10]   “When people are in an awe state they are taking in information without being biased or influenced by what they are expecting to see.” — @_TheCMC @DocJoshKing [30:34]   “We cannot change through subtraction, we change through addition.” — @_TheCMC @DocJoshKing [56:53]  

AJNsenior clinical editor Christine Moffa speaks with Staja Booker about her article, which discusses the importance of assessing pain during movement, especially in postoperative patients; what such an assessment can reveal about the intensity, impact on patient functioning, and tolerability of pain; and protocols and tools for completing these assessments

Welcome Back, Coven Members! In this episode Stephanie and Kirstyn dive deep into all things manifestation, with a side-helping of story time! Be part of the coven conversation! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/witchesbecrafty/ Email: witchesbecrafty@gmail.com Invoked & Evoked in this Episode: Double Slit/Two-Slit/Young's Experiment: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A9tKncAdlHQ&ab_channel=TheRoyalInstitution or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=btImof4nyzo&ab_channel=WiseWanderer Documentaries: "What the Bleep Do We Know!?" (2004); What the Bleep!?: Down the Rabbit Hole (2006) Reference books: “Happiness Is a Choice” by Barry Neil Kaufman