Podcasts about andreas vesalius

On this week's Bonus Episode, Eleanor leads us through the libraries of early medical history to guide us through Leech Books and early medical texts! We start off talking about the book generally thought to be the oldest 'English' medical text, Bald's Leech Book, discussing how the Medieval mind perceived of ailments - namely as issues interlinked with spiritual and supernatural problems, not just physical ones.We then leap back to discuss Ancient Chinese medicine, its roots in the work of the mythical 'Yellow Emperor,' and how Classical writers like Hippocrates and Galen developed and refined concepts like Humorism. From the works of fundamentally important Medieval writers such as Ibn Sina and Hildegard of Bingen to the advent of Protestant medicine, as practiced by the likes of Andreas Vesalius and William Harvey, it's a slightly squishy and bizarre journey through mankind's understanding of the body, from ancient times to today. Yet, considering that some of the remedies proposed by these writers are still in use today, it's a bit simplistic to suggest that they were just 'wrong' about medicine and how the body worked.So, let's raise our scalpels and peel back the layers of what they got right and wrong and why, and open up questions about what modern physicians might perhaps benefit from learning if they look back towards the half-forgotten past...Three Ravens is an English Myth and Folklore podcast hosted by award-winning writers Martin Vaux and Eleanor Conlon.Released on Mondays, each weekly episode focuses on one of England's 39 historic counties, exploring the history, folklore and traditions of the area, from ghosts and mermaids to mythical monsters, half-forgotten heroes, bloody legends, and much, much more. Then, and most importantly, the pair take turns to tell a new version of an ancient story from that county - all before discussing what that tale might mean, where it might have come from, and the truths it reveals about England's hidden past...Bonus Episodes are released on Thursdays plus Local Legends episodes on Saturdays - interviews with acclaimed authors, folklorists, podcasters and historians with unique perspectives on that week's county.With a range of exclusive content on Patreon, too, including audio ghost tours, the Three Ravens Newsletter, and monthly Three Ravens Film Club episodes about folk horror films from across the decades, why not join us around the campfire and listen in?Learn more at www.threeravenspodcast.com, join our Patreon at www.patreon.com/threeravenspodcast, and find links to our social media channels here: https://linktr.ee/threeravenspodcast Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Warum ein flämischer Arzt Leichenteile schmuggelte, erzählt Andrea Sawatzki in dieser Folge.

In this episode, I talk to Susan Mattern, expert in ancient Mediterranean history at the University of Georgia, and author of the authoritative biography of Galen titled Prince of Medicine. We explore the life, ideas and legacy of Galen, perhaps the most influential physician in the history of medicine, and how his teachings dominated the profession for centuries. The discussion also touched on his predecessor, Hippocrates, and his successor, Andreas Vesalius - the anatomist who finally dethroned many of his teachings. Susan Mattern is also the author of several other books, most recently The Slow Moon Climbs: The Science, History, and Meaning of Menopause, and she is a series editor for the ancient history series, Liverpool Studies in Ancient History. Her current interests are transcultural psychiatry, the origins and history of property, and the history of small-scale egalitarian societies.

In this second episode on the history of neurology, I go back in time to explore how the founders of medicine, from Herophilus and Aristotle to Hippocrates and Galen, laid the foundations of neurology.The journey takes us from ancient Egypt to Greece, back to Egypt, and then to Belgium.And the running theme is how the understanding of the brain and its diseases evolved in unexpected ways as the means of studying it changed over time.The podcast traces the early views of the brain, describing it depictions in such texts as the Edwin Smith papyrus, and later in De Humani Corporis Fabrica, the masterpiece written by the remarkable anatomist Andreas Vesalius.

Send us a Text Message.The background and early life of the great renaissance anatomist Andreas Vesalius.Contact: thecompletehistoryofscience@gmail.comTwitter: @complete_sciMusic Credit: Folk Round Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License

Long ago, in ancient Greece, a theory of medicine was born that strongly influenced Western medical care for roughly 2000 years. Today it seems fantastical and obviously based on flawed assumptions. Nevertheless, it persisted as medical doctrine up until the mid-1800's. In today's episode, Dr. Lynne will explain the weird theory of the four humours. Special note: Dr. Helen Shui is truly a doctor, but is working under a pseudonym for privacy reasons. Dr. Lynne Kramer is using her real name. Music by Helen Shui and Caplixo. Cover art by Lynne Kramer. Sources:Case Reports from Ancient Greek textFunny Medicine: Hippocrates and the four humours by Maya PrabhuWikipedia (Article Titles: Humorism, Andreas Vesalius, Girolamo Fracastoro)William Harvey by Andrew Gregory in BritannicaHarvard Curiosity Collections The Legacy of Humoral Medicine by Faith Lagay, PhD Insights into infectious disease in the era of Hippocrates by Georgios Pappas, Ismene J. Kiriaze,and Matthew E. Falagas Please contact us with questions/concerns/comments at defunctdoctorspodcast@gmail.com. @defunctdoctorspodcast on Instagram, Facebook, X (Twitter), Threads, YouTube, and TikTok Follow Lynne on Instagram @lynnedoodles555

Andreas Vesalius was een van de eersten die per se een menselijk lichaam wilde opensnijden. Vóór Vesalius dissecteerden anatomen dieren om meer te weten te komen over het menselijk lichaam. Toen Vesalius het met mensen wilde doen, wist hij niet goed waar hij aan lijken kon geraken, dus stal hij de lichamen van misdadigers aan de galg. Hoe het verder ging en hoe wetenschapppers ons daarna hebben kunnen overtuigen om ons lichaam vrijwillig af te staan aan de wetenschap, dat vertelt prof. dr. Tinne Claes, historica aan de KU Leuven. Gastspreker: Tinne Claes Redactie: Helene Vanlathem Eindredactie: Katleen Bracke Montage: Max De prins Geluid: Wederik De Backer Deze podcast is mogelijk dankzij de medewerking van KU Leuven, Antwerpen, UGent, UHasselt, VUB en de Jonge Academie en komt tot stand met de steun van Knack, VRT en de Vlaamse overheid.

Andreas Vesalius The Reformer Of Anatomy by James Moores Ball audiobook. Vesalius (born in Brussels, 1514-1564) is one of the foundation stones of modern medicine. Forsaking the study of anatomy by reading the ancients, he instead dissected bodies and drew detailed illustrations of his observations. He was enormously influential in the development of modern medicine. This 1910 biography opens up his life admirably. The printed book contains many illustrations taken from his works. The listener will want to be aware that modern historians of medicine are much more positive about the contributions of medieval Arabic medical teachers than the author of this book. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Taylor McCall's The Art of Anatomy in Medieval Europe (Reaktion, 2023) is the first history of medieval European anatomical images. Richly illustrated, The Art of Anatomy in Medieval Europe explores the many ways in which medieval surgeons, doctors, monks, and artists understood and depicted human anatomy. Taylor McCall refutes the common misconception that Renaissance artists and anatomists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Andreas Vesalius were the fathers of anatomy who performed the first human dissections. On the contrary, she argues that these Renaissance figures drew upon centuries of visual and written tradition in their works. Jana Byars is the Academic Director of Netherlands: International Perspectives on Sexuality and Gender. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Taylor McCall's The Art of Anatomy in Medieval Europe (Reaktion, 2023) is the first history of medieval European anatomical images. Richly illustrated, The Art of Anatomy in Medieval Europe explores the many ways in which medieval surgeons, doctors, monks, and artists understood and depicted human anatomy. Taylor McCall refutes the common misconception that Renaissance artists and anatomists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Andreas Vesalius were the fathers of anatomy who performed the first human dissections. On the contrary, she argues that these Renaissance figures drew upon centuries of visual and written tradition in their works. Jana Byars is the Academic Director of Netherlands: International Perspectives on Sexuality and Gender. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Taylor McCall's The Art of Anatomy in Medieval Europe (Reaktion, 2023) is the first history of medieval European anatomical images. Richly illustrated, The Art of Anatomy in Medieval Europe explores the many ways in which medieval surgeons, doctors, monks, and artists understood and depicted human anatomy. Taylor McCall refutes the common misconception that Renaissance artists and anatomists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Andreas Vesalius were the fathers of anatomy who performed the first human dissections. On the contrary, she argues that these Renaissance figures drew upon centuries of visual and written tradition in their works. Jana Byars is the Academic Director of Netherlands: International Perspectives on Sexuality and Gender. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/medicine

Taylor McCall's The Art of Anatomy in Medieval Europe (Reaktion, 2023) is the first history of medieval European anatomical images. Richly illustrated, The Art of Anatomy in Medieval Europe explores the many ways in which medieval surgeons, doctors, monks, and artists understood and depicted human anatomy. Taylor McCall refutes the common misconception that Renaissance artists and anatomists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Andreas Vesalius were the fathers of anatomy who performed the first human dissections. On the contrary, she argues that these Renaissance figures drew upon centuries of visual and written tradition in their works. Jana Byars is the Academic Director of Netherlands: International Perspectives on Sexuality and Gender. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/art

Taylor McCall's The Art of Anatomy in Medieval Europe (Reaktion, 2023) is the first history of medieval European anatomical images. Richly illustrated, The Art of Anatomy in Medieval Europe explores the many ways in which medieval surgeons, doctors, monks, and artists understood and depicted human anatomy. Taylor McCall refutes the common misconception that Renaissance artists and anatomists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Andreas Vesalius were the fathers of anatomy who performed the first human dissections. On the contrary, she argues that these Renaissance figures drew upon centuries of visual and written tradition in their works. Jana Byars is the Academic Director of Netherlands: International Perspectives on Sexuality and Gender. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/european-studies

Taylor McCall's The Art of Anatomy in Medieval Europe (Reaktion, 2023) is the first history of medieval European anatomical images. Richly illustrated, The Art of Anatomy in Medieval Europe explores the many ways in which medieval surgeons, doctors, monks, and artists understood and depicted human anatomy. Taylor McCall refutes the common misconception that Renaissance artists and anatomists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Andreas Vesalius were the fathers of anatomy who performed the first human dissections. On the contrary, she argues that these Renaissance figures drew upon centuries of visual and written tradition in their works. Jana Byars is the Academic Director of Netherlands: International Perspectives on Sexuality and Gender. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Taylor McCall's The Art of Anatomy in Medieval Europe (Reaktion, 2023) is the first history of medieval European anatomical images. Richly illustrated, The Art of Anatomy in Medieval Europe explores the many ways in which medieval surgeons, doctors, monks, and artists understood and depicted human anatomy. Taylor McCall refutes the common misconception that Renaissance artists and anatomists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Andreas Vesalius were the fathers of anatomy who performed the first human dissections. On the contrary, she argues that these Renaissance figures drew upon centuries of visual and written tradition in their works. Jana Byars is the Academic Director of Netherlands: International Perspectives on Sexuality and Gender. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Medizinstudierende müssen im 2. Studienjahr im Anatomiekurs eine Leiche zergliedern. Viele fürchten sich vor dem ersten Schnitt. Ist diese Hürde jedoch überwunden, erschliesst sich ihnen die wunderbare Innenwelt des menschlichen Körpers. Sezieren bedeutet, mit dem Skalpell die Körperstrukturen schichtweise freizulegen: Haut und Muskeln, Bänder und Sehnen, Blutgefässe, Nerven, immer weiter in die Tiefe bis zu Knorpel und Knochen. «So lernen Studierende, die komplexe Anatomie des menschlichen Körpers mit allen Sinnen zu begreifen», sagt Magdalena-Müller Gerbl von der Universität Basel. Begründer dieser naturwissenschaftlichen Anatomie war Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564). Auf seinen Schriften beruhen heutige Lehrbücher, und er führte ein Denken ein, das für Mediziner immer noch gilt: nichts glauben, überprüfen, selber schauen. Moderne Bildgebungen wie Computertomographie oder MRI vermitteln neue und spannende Einsichten ins Körperinnere, auch in der Anatomie. Doch die beste Bildgebung ersetzt nicht, was angehende Ärztinnen und Ärzte direkt an einem Leichnam lernen. «Das erste Mal»: Sommerserie der SRF-Wissenschaftsredaktion, Folge 1/7.

Medizinstudierende müssen im 2. Studienjahr im Anatomiekurs eine Leiche zergliedern. Viele fürchten sich vor dem ersten Schnitt. Ist diese Hürde jedoch überwunden, erschliesst sich ihnen die wunderbare Innenwelt des menschlichen Körpers. Sezieren bedeutet, mit dem Skalpell die Körperstrukturen schichtweise freizulegen: Haut und Muskeln, Bänder und Sehnen, Blutgefässe, Nerven, immer weiter in die Tiefe bis zu Knorpel und Knochen. «So lernen Studierende, die komplexe Anatomie des menschlichen Körpers mit allen Sinnen zu begreifen», sagt Magdalena-Müller Gerbl von der Universität Basel. Begründer dieser naturwissenschaftlichen Anatomie war Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564). Auf seinen Schriften beruhen heutige Lehrbücher, und er führte ein Denken ein, das für Mediziner immer noch gilt: nichts glauben, überprüfen, selber schauen. Moderne Bildgebungen wie Computertomographie oder MRI vermitteln neue und spannende Einsichten ins Körperinnere, auch in der Anatomie. Doch die beste Bildgebung ersetzt nicht, was angehende Ärztinnen und Ärzte direkt an einem Leichnam lernen. «Das erste Mal»: Sommerserie der SRF-Wissenschaftsredaktion, Folge 1/7. (Diese Folge wurde übernommen aus dem Podcast Feed «SRF Wissenschaftsmagazin», welcher ebenfalls von der SRF Wissenschaftsredaktion produziert wird.)

Nothing excited early modern anatomists more than touching a beating heart. In his 1543 treatise, Andreas Vesalius boasts that he was able to feel life itself through the membranes of a heart belonging to a man who had just been executed, a comment that appears near the woodcut of a person being dissected while still hanging from the gallows. In this highly original book, Rose Marie San Juan confronts the question of violence in the making of the early modern anatomical image. Engaging the ways in which power operated in early modern anatomical images in Europe and, to a lesser extent, its colonies, San Juan examines literal violence upon bodies in a range of civic, religious, pedagogical, and "exploratory" contexts. She then works through the question of how bodies were thought to be constituted--systemic or piecemeal, singular or collective--and how gender determines this question of constitution. In confronting the issue of violence in the making of the anatomical image, San Juan explores not only how violence transformed the body into a powerful and troubling double but also how this kind of body permeated attempts to produce knowledge about the world at large. Provocative and challenging, Violence and the Genesis of the Anatomical Image (Pennsylvania State UP, 2023) will be of significant interest to scholars across fields in early modern studies, including art history and visual culture, science, and medicine. Jana Byars is the Academic Director of Netherlands: International Perspectives on Sexuality and Gender. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Nothing excited early modern anatomists more than touching a beating heart. In his 1543 treatise, Andreas Vesalius boasts that he was able to feel life itself through the membranes of a heart belonging to a man who had just been executed, a comment that appears near the woodcut of a person being dissected while still hanging from the gallows. In this highly original book, Rose Marie San Juan confronts the question of violence in the making of the early modern anatomical image. Engaging the ways in which power operated in early modern anatomical images in Europe and, to a lesser extent, its colonies, San Juan examines literal violence upon bodies in a range of civic, religious, pedagogical, and "exploratory" contexts. She then works through the question of how bodies were thought to be constituted--systemic or piecemeal, singular or collective--and how gender determines this question of constitution. In confronting the issue of violence in the making of the anatomical image, San Juan explores not only how violence transformed the body into a powerful and troubling double but also how this kind of body permeated attempts to produce knowledge about the world at large. Provocative and challenging, Violence and the Genesis of the Anatomical Image (Pennsylvania State UP, 2023) will be of significant interest to scholars across fields in early modern studies, including art history and visual culture, science, and medicine. Jana Byars is the Academic Director of Netherlands: International Perspectives on Sexuality and Gender. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Nothing excited early modern anatomists more than touching a beating heart. In his 1543 treatise, Andreas Vesalius boasts that he was able to feel life itself through the membranes of a heart belonging to a man who had just been executed, a comment that appears near the woodcut of a person being dissected while still hanging from the gallows. In this highly original book, Rose Marie San Juan confronts the question of violence in the making of the early modern anatomical image. Engaging the ways in which power operated in early modern anatomical images in Europe and, to a lesser extent, its colonies, San Juan examines literal violence upon bodies in a range of civic, religious, pedagogical, and "exploratory" contexts. She then works through the question of how bodies were thought to be constituted--systemic or piecemeal, singular or collective--and how gender determines this question of constitution. In confronting the issue of violence in the making of the anatomical image, San Juan explores not only how violence transformed the body into a powerful and troubling double but also how this kind of body permeated attempts to produce knowledge about the world at large. Provocative and challenging, Violence and the Genesis of the Anatomical Image (Pennsylvania State UP, 2023) will be of significant interest to scholars across fields in early modern studies, including art history and visual culture, science, and medicine. Jana Byars is the Academic Director of Netherlands: International Perspectives on Sexuality and Gender. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/medicine

Nothing excited early modern anatomists more than touching a beating heart. In his 1543 treatise, Andreas Vesalius boasts that he was able to feel life itself through the membranes of a heart belonging to a man who had just been executed, a comment that appears near the woodcut of a person being dissected while still hanging from the gallows. In this highly original book, Rose Marie San Juan confronts the question of violence in the making of the early modern anatomical image. Engaging the ways in which power operated in early modern anatomical images in Europe and, to a lesser extent, its colonies, San Juan examines literal violence upon bodies in a range of civic, religious, pedagogical, and "exploratory" contexts. She then works through the question of how bodies were thought to be constituted--systemic or piecemeal, singular or collective--and how gender determines this question of constitution. In confronting the issue of violence in the making of the anatomical image, San Juan explores not only how violence transformed the body into a powerful and troubling double but also how this kind of body permeated attempts to produce knowledge about the world at large. Provocative and challenging, Violence and the Genesis of the Anatomical Image (Pennsylvania State UP, 2023) will be of significant interest to scholars across fields in early modern studies, including art history and visual culture, science, and medicine. Jana Byars is the Academic Director of Netherlands: International Perspectives on Sexuality and Gender. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/intellectual-history

Nothing excited early modern anatomists more than touching a beating heart. In his 1543 treatise, Andreas Vesalius boasts that he was able to feel life itself through the membranes of a heart belonging to a man who had just been executed, a comment that appears near the woodcut of a person being dissected while still hanging from the gallows. In this highly original book, Rose Marie San Juan confronts the question of violence in the making of the early modern anatomical image. Engaging the ways in which power operated in early modern anatomical images in Europe and, to a lesser extent, its colonies, San Juan examines literal violence upon bodies in a range of civic, religious, pedagogical, and "exploratory" contexts. She then works through the question of how bodies were thought to be constituted--systemic or piecemeal, singular or collective--and how gender determines this question of constitution. In confronting the issue of violence in the making of the anatomical image, San Juan explores not only how violence transformed the body into a powerful and troubling double but also how this kind of body permeated attempts to produce knowledge about the world at large. Provocative and challenging, Violence and the Genesis of the Anatomical Image (Pennsylvania State UP, 2023) will be of significant interest to scholars across fields in early modern studies, including art history and visual culture, science, and medicine. Jana Byars is the Academic Director of Netherlands: International Perspectives on Sexuality and Gender. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Nothing excited early modern anatomists more than touching a beating heart. In his 1543 treatise, Andreas Vesalius boasts that he was able to feel life itself through the membranes of a heart belonging to a man who had just been executed, a comment that appears near the woodcut of a person being dissected while still hanging from the gallows. In this highly original book, Rose Marie San Juan confronts the question of violence in the making of the early modern anatomical image. Engaging the ways in which power operated in early modern anatomical images in Europe and, to a lesser extent, its colonies, San Juan examines literal violence upon bodies in a range of civic, religious, pedagogical, and "exploratory" contexts. She then works through the question of how bodies were thought to be constituted--systemic or piecemeal, singular or collective--and how gender determines this question of constitution. In confronting the issue of violence in the making of the anatomical image, San Juan explores not only how violence transformed the body into a powerful and troubling double but also how this kind of body permeated attempts to produce knowledge about the world at large. Provocative and challenging, Violence and the Genesis of the Anatomical Image (Pennsylvania State UP, 2023) will be of significant interest to scholars across fields in early modern studies, including art history and visual culture, science, and medicine. Jana Byars is the Academic Director of Netherlands: International Perspectives on Sexuality and Gender. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/art

Nothing excited early modern anatomists more than touching a beating heart. In his 1543 treatise, Andreas Vesalius boasts that he was able to feel life itself through the membranes of a heart belonging to a man who had just been executed, a comment that appears near the woodcut of a person being dissected while still hanging from the gallows. In this highly original book, Rose Marie San Juan confronts the question of violence in the making of the early modern anatomical image. Engaging the ways in which power operated in early modern anatomical images in Europe and, to a lesser extent, its colonies, San Juan examines literal violence upon bodies in a range of civic, religious, pedagogical, and "exploratory" contexts. She then works through the question of how bodies were thought to be constituted--systemic or piecemeal, singular or collective--and how gender determines this question of constitution. In confronting the issue of violence in the making of the anatomical image, San Juan explores not only how violence transformed the body into a powerful and troubling double but also how this kind of body permeated attempts to produce knowledge about the world at large. Provocative and challenging, Violence and the Genesis of the Anatomical Image (Pennsylvania State UP, 2023) will be of significant interest to scholars across fields in early modern studies, including art history and visual culture, science, and medicine. Jana Byars is the Academic Director of Netherlands: International Perspectives on Sexuality and Gender. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/european-studies

Nothing excited early modern anatomists more than touching a beating heart. In his 1543 treatise, Andreas Vesalius boasts that he was able to feel life itself through the membranes of a heart belonging to a man who had just been executed, a comment that appears near the woodcut of a person being dissected while still hanging from the gallows. In this highly original book, Rose Marie San Juan confronts the question of violence in the making of the early modern anatomical image. Engaging the ways in which power operated in early modern anatomical images in Europe and, to a lesser extent, its colonies, San Juan examines literal violence upon bodies in a range of civic, religious, pedagogical, and "exploratory" contexts. She then works through the question of how bodies were thought to be constituted--systemic or piecemeal, singular or collective--and how gender determines this question of constitution. In confronting the issue of violence in the making of the anatomical image, San Juan explores not only how violence transformed the body into a powerful and troubling double but also how this kind of body permeated attempts to produce knowledge about the world at large. Provocative and challenging, Violence and the Genesis of the Anatomical Image (Pennsylvania State UP, 2023) will be of significant interest to scholars across fields in early modern studies, including art history and visual culture, science, and medicine. Jana Byars is the Academic Director of Netherlands: International Perspectives on Sexuality and Gender. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Disseker her eller tage med hjem? Hvor skaffer man lige en take away-krop, som du kan skære op og undersøge? Det spørgsmål måtte Andreas Vesalius stille sig selv tilbage i 1500-tallet. Han fandt svaret på kirkegården, hvor han fattede skovl og hakke og gravede de friskeste afdøde op for at dissekere dem i sit laboratorie. Og selvom det lyder fucking klamt, så endte det faktisk med at danne grundlag for store dele af den moderne medicin. Resultatet af de mange undersøgelser blev nemlig til en af de helt store bangers indenfor den videnskabelige litteratur. Men samtidig forbrød Visalius sig mod mere end 1500 års forkert udenadslære… --------------------- REKLAME: Dagens afsnit er sponsoreret og betalt af Saxo Streaming! Prøv ubegrænset streaming i 30 dage gratis på saxo.com - derefter 119 kroner om måneden! --------------------- Dagens Øl: Blanca 2021, Mikkeller Baghaven (9,8 %) SKIP TIL (06:30) FOR HISTORIEN. Find billetter til live-shows på: vanvittigverdenshistorie.dk/live-shows Se Vanvidsbarometeret på: barometerbjarke.dk

This episode covers the Chinese formula Fang Feng Tong Sheng San (Saposhnikovia Powder that Sagely Unblocks). This is an interesting formula that both releases the exterior and purges the interior. Each episode of the podcast will go into great depth about a single herb or formula. Besides covering the basics of Chinese herbology including category, and functions, we will explore the history, quality, science, pharmacology, evidence, and any potential interactions of each herb. And then there is always something a little quirky about an episode. In this episode we introduce one of the medical giants of  Renaissance, Andreas Vesalius. Please join us as we learn about Fang Feng Tong Sheng San (Saposhnikovia Powder that Sagely Unblocks).

I read from dissect to dissentious.     Andreas Vesalius is the one I was trying to think of but I think there are other similar people.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Vesalius     I had to look it up so I guess there have been a couple "dissector" characters in pop culture https://near-pure-evil.fandom.com/wiki/Johness https://www.deviantart.com/whiterabbitver2/art/Xandrad-the-dissector-Green-Lantern-villain-OC-867641744     Looks like high magnification for a microscope is at least 40x. https://accu-scope.com/news/what-are-the-different-magnifications-of-objective-lenses/     The word of the episode is "dissent". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissent Here you can ready the 2022 Roe v Wade dissension. https://www.politico.com/news/2022/06/24/read-supreme-court-dissent-opinion-on-roe-v-wade-pdf-00042264     Theme music from Jonah Kraut https://jonahkraut.bandcamp.com/     Merchandising! https://www.teepublic.com/user/spejampar     "The Dictionary - Letter A" on YouTube   "The Dictionary - Letter B" on YouTube   "The Dictionary - Letter C" on YouTube   "The Dictionary - Letter D" on YouTube     Featured in a Top 10 Dictionary Podcasts list! https://blog.feedspot.com/dictionary_podcasts/     Backwards Talking on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLmIujMwEDbgZUexyR90jaTEEVmAYcCzuq     dictionarypod@gmail.com https://www.facebook.com/thedictionarypod/ https://twitter.com/dictionarypod https://www.instagram.com/dictionarypod/ https://www.patreon.com/spejampar https://www.tiktok.com/@spejampar 917-727-5757

OBITCH bones, bones, bones!Geoffs, have you ever wondered what happens when an actor dies while filming? Do they stop production? Replace the actor? Well we've got the answers! But first, we're getting into all things bones. We've got an obituary with a sense of humor, one for an icon and of course we've got some dumb.ass.criminalllllls! New episodes come out every Thursday for free, with 1-week early access for Wondery+ subscribers.Follow along online: @obitchuarypod on Twitter & Instagram @obitchuarypodcast on TikTokWrite to us: obitpod@gmail.comSpencer Henry & Madison ReyesPO Box 18149 Long Beach, CA 90807Get a cameo from us: https://www.cameo.com/obitchuarypodcastSources:https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/coffin-torpedoshttps://www.adam-rouilly.co.uk/about-us/our-historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Vesalius#:~:text=The%20skeleton%20of%20Jakob%20Karrer%2C%20articulated%20by%20Vesalius,donating%20the%20skeleton%20to%20the%20University%20of%20Baselhttps://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/SkeletalSystem/VesaliusSkeletons.shtmlhttps://www.npr.org/2007/11/29/16678816/into-the-heart-of-indias-underground-bone-tradehttps://listverse.com/2018/02/05/10-gross-historical-facts-about-the-skeleton-trade/https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=PH18920312.2.118&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/10006451/man-shoplifting-bulge-big-penis/https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/history-gruesome-skeleton-anatomistshttps://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/03/20/594907805/classroom-skeleton-whose-bones-are-thesehttps://historycollection.com/10-bone-chilling-facts-about-the-skeleton-trade/7/https://anitaguerrini.com/2018/11/16/the-skeleton-trade/https://boneclones.com/page/why-choose-bone-cloneshttps://www.webmd.com/osteoporosis/features/how-much-do-you-know-about-boneshttps://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/national-international/worker-was-dead-in-public-department-store-bathroom-for-4-days-before-her-body-was-found/3876039/https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/10006451/man-shoplifting-bulge-big-penis/https://www.semissourian.com/story/2965787.html?fbclid=IwAR0HQ6AaL6YQ9o7EsVtMdL1SCTo1sZe100051h3XKQxItJo-4zJRsK0mVeg&mibextid=QTQfithttps://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/why-was-darrin-stephens-replaced-on-bewitched.html/https://www.quora.com/What-usually-happens-if-an-actor-or-actress-dies-while-making-a-moviehttps://www.grunge.com/130086/athletes-who-sadly-died-during-competition/https://www.insider.com/tv-shows-death-of-a-main-actor-2019-3#nancy-marchand-was-brought-back-to-the-sopranos-through-cgi-11https://www.buzzfeed.com/crystalro/actors-who-died-while-making-a-movieSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Alasdair Stuart (@AlasdairStuart) talks about a body-snatcher for science. Brock Wilbur (@brockwilbur) explores the microscopic serial killer. Keep your teeth sharp and many, and your hearts dark and true. Edited by Will Biby.Buy our book CURTAINS right here: https://www.amazon.com/Curtains-Concert-Visions-Benefit-SaveOurStages/dp/B08VRHQG4Z

Andreas Vesalius (Andries van Wesel) was a 16th-century Flemish anatomist whose work revolutionized the study of the human body. And he was able to do so because he was also a body snatcher -- and though he never would have called himself one, he was known to share hands-on tips for how to find fresh corpses. He used human cadavers for hands-on observations, and published groundbreaking, forward-thinking works about how our bodies function. And in doing so, he became the father of modern anatomy.  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This ID the Future continues Miracle of Man author Michael Denton's conversation with host Eric Anderson about his latest book. The focus of this capstone work in his Privileged Species series is, as the subtitle explains, The Fine-Tuning of Nature for Human Existence. Here Denton and Anderson dive deeper into the book's argument that science has uncovered multiple ensembles of fitness for creatures much like ourselves—land-going, airbreathing, intelligent bipeds capable of controlling fire and developing new technologies. In other words, it's not just a handful of things about nature that appear fine tuned for our existence. It's a long list of things, and indeed, a long list of interdependent ensembles of prior fitness—what Denton sometimes refers to as a “primal Read More › Source

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 457, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: Livin' La Vida Lobster 1: Lovable "Larry the Lobster" is the official mascot of this seafood restaurant chain. Red Lobster. 2: A variety lacking enlarged pincers, this 5-letter "prickly" type of lobster is also known as a sea crayfish. a spiny lobster. 3: One of a lobstering crew is called this man, not because he's grim but for standing in the back of the boat. a stern man. 4: Water fleas, shrimp and lobsters are all members of this arthropod class. crustaceans. 5: The outer supporting shell of a lobster is known as one of these protective coverings. an exoskeleton. Round 2. Category: Better Known As.... 1: "Stardust" man David Jones. David Bowie. 2: "Home"y heartthrob Jonathan Taylor Weiss. Jonathan Taylor Thomas. 3: Late sportscaster Howard Cohen. Howard Cosell. 4: Singer Helen Folasade Adu. Sade. 5: Older brother Lloyd Vernet Bridges III. Beau Bridges. Round 3. Category: Scientists 1: He wondered if the force that pulled an apple to the ground could also pull the moon into the earth's orbit. Newton. 2: In 1661 Isaac Newton entered this university's Trinity College as a subsizar, a student with domestic duties. Cambridge. 3: In 1609 and 1619 this German astronomer published his 3 laws of planetary motion. (Johannes) Kepler. 4: His 1543 "De Humani Corporis Fabrica" was the most accurate book on human anatomy to that date. Andreas Vesalius. 5: In 1856 this monk began his experiments that led to the discovery of the basic laws of heredity. (Gregor) Mendel. Round 4. Category: The "B"Ible 1: When Moses's mother could no longer hide him, she took for him an ark of these marsh plants. bulrushes. 2: The Lord broke this, saying "Take, eat: this is my body which is broken for you". bread. 3: Jesus told the disciples to do this "in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost". baptize. 4: "And the Lord opened the mouth of the ass, and she said to him 'What have I done unto thee?'". Balaam. 5: The name of this son of Jacob means "Son of the right hand". Benjamin. Round 5. Category: Let's Go To Florida 1: You can see a miniature replica of this city's Forbidden City at Splendid China, a park in Kissimmee. Peking/Beijing. 2: The "Terrors of the Deep" attraction at this park might even scare Shamu. Sea World. 3: The Cypress Roots Museum traces the history of this famous floral site. Cypress Gardens. 4: For years Gomek the giant crocodile was the big attraction at this oldest Florida city's alligator farm. St. Augustine. 5: The Wallendas' poles, rigging and costumes are on view at the Circus Museum in this Florida city. Sarasota. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!

"Berengario's books show animated cadavers and skeletons set in a landscape, often so animated that they're displaying their own dissecting bodies to the viewer.” For centuries, doctors and artists have relied on renderings of the human body for their training. Until the Renaissance, anatomy studies were primarily textual, but in the late 15th and early 16th centuries illustrated anatomy books began to be published in greater numbers. Macabre prints of flayed bodies painstakingly depicted muscles, veins, and nerves, and allowed for a far better understanding of the human form. In the 19th and 20th centuries, anatomy studies were also targeted to general audiences, and moralizing flap books with Christian themes, children's toys with removable body parts, and wax models for museum exhibitions gained popularity. The Getty Research Institute exhibition Flesh and Bones: The Art of Anatomy explores this long history of illustrating the body. In this episode, scholar and independent curator Monique Kornell, GRI curator of prints and drawings Naoko Takahatake, and GRI research associate Thisbe Gensler survey this history. They move from the 16th century books by anatomist Andreas Vesalius to contemporary artworks by Robert Rauschenberg and Tavares Strachan, explaining the relevance of anatomy studies across time. For images, transcripts, and more, visit https://blogs.getty.edu/iris/podcast-the-art-of-anatomy-from-the-16th-century-to-today/ or http://www.getty.edu/podcasts To learn more about the exhibition Flesh and Bones: The Art of Anatomy, visit https://www.getty.edu/research/exhibitions_events/exhibitions/anatomy/ To buy Flesh and Bones: The Art of Anatomy, visit https://shop.getty.edu/products/flesh-and-bones-the-art-of-anatomy-978-1606067697

Andreas Vesalius dissections in the 1500's.

Andreas Vesalius, o maior dos anatomistas da Renascença, um dos primeiros a praticar a dissecação do corpo humano, cujas observações permitiram corrigir as noções errôneas de Galeno, considerado o "pai da anatomia moderna" e autor do atlas de anatomia "De Humani Corporis Fabrica", morre em Zakinthos, na Grécia, em 15 de outubro de 1564.Veja a matéria completa em: https://operamundi.uol.com.br/historia/24864/hoje-na-historia-1564-morre-vesalius-pai-da-anatomia-moderna----Quer contribuir com Opera Mundi via PIX? Nossa chave é apoie@operamundi.com.br (Razão Social: Última Instancia Editorial Ltda.). Desde já agradecemos!Assinatura solidária: www.operamundi.com.br/apoio★ Support this podcast ★

Next up on History Through Fiction: The Podcast is our very own Ron Blumenfeld, author of the historical mystery novel The King's Anatomist: The Journey of Andreas Vesalius. In this episode we talk with Blumenfeld about the biography of Andreas Vesalius that sat on his shelves for fifty years before it finally inspired him to write his debut novel. We also chat about the challenges of studying anatomy during and before the Renaissance, the magnificent works of art included Blumenfeld's novel, and about the risks and obstacles encountered by travelers in 16th century Europe. It was a fun, informative conversation and we think you'll enjoy it!

Andreas Vesalius' De humani corporis fabrica (1543) is a landmark publication in the history of medicine, well known for its illustrations. Yet, the actual function of these illustrations within Vesalius own project of classical anatomy has not always been appreciated. In this talk, Dr Kusukawa examines the different - and often ingenious - ways in which Vesalius used anatomical images in his book. Speaker: Dr Sachiko Kusukawa (University of Cambridge)

Andreas Vesalius' De humani corporis fabrica (1543) is a landmark publication in the history of medicine, well known for its illustrations. Yet, the actual function of these illustrations within Vesalius own project of classical anatomy has not always been appreciated. In this talk, Dr Kusukawa examines the different - and often ingenious - ways in which Vesalius used anatomical images in his book. Speaker: Dr Sachiko Kusukawa (University of Cambridge)

This episode is devoted to Andreas Vesalius, the founder of Renaissance anatomy and a pioneer of the scientific revolution.

In 1543, Andreas Vesalius dissected a corpse, thereby inaugurating a scientific attitude toward the human body. This new attitude taught us to stand aside from our identification and connection with the body and see it as a lifeless subject of inquiry. Such an approach brought obvious vital advances in science and medicine, but it also came at a cost. In the 20th century, philosophers such as Foucault and Derrida did for language what Vesalius had done for the human body. Their careful dissection of language laid bare formerly hidden assumptions and revealed the ways that language shapes our thinking.  We are joined on the podcast by Dr. Bret Alderman, author of Symptom, Symbol, and the Other of Language: A Jungian Interpretation of the Linguistic Turn. We discuss alienation and dissociation that results from the Promethean project to deconstruct language and its meaning.  Foucault, Derrida, and the other postmodernists contributed valuable insights to our understanding of the role of language in determining our assumptions. Still, their desire to sever the meaning of words from those things that words represent is symptomatic of a profound dissociation from our embodied, instinctual selves. Jung was aware of the perils inherent in such a project. "This rupture of the link with the unconscious and our submission to the tyranny of words has one great disadvantage: the conscious mind becomes more and more the victim of its discriminating activity, the picture of the world gets broken down into countless particulars, and the original feelings of unity, which we integrally connected with the unity of the unconscious psyche, is lost. This feeling of unity, in the form of correspondence theory and the sympathy of all things, dominated philosophy until well into the seventeenth century." The ideas of the postmodernists have permeated culture in ways that are not always obvious. Current movements to redefine certain phenomena as social constructs are evidence of the inroads these philosophies have made. Though there are benefits to looking at this world this way, these ideas may also be giving rise to a "rootless consciousness." Here's the dream we analyze: "There are tarantulas stuck on my skin the way ticks would be. They are big and hairy. Strangely the tarantulas are hidden in small boxes, which hang on my body. So their legs are digging into my skin, but I can't see them unless I remove the boxes. My mother is helping me to remove the spiders, but they keep coming back. They don't crawl upon me but rather seem to be born from my skin. All of a sudden, my mother is gone, and I'm alone with some spiders still hanging on me. I can't remove them myself because I'm too scared to touch them. I am terrified and helpless." REFERENCES: Dr. Bret Alderman. Symptom, Symbol, and the Other of Language: A Jungian Interpretation of the Linguistic Turn. https://www.amazon.com/dp/0815359136/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_9HK34JAF7WEVYR1JQS5V Cave of Forgotten Dreams. (Movie). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWbqBNKZ-aU RESOURCES: Learn to Analyze your own Dreams:  https://thisjungianlife.com/enroll/ You can contact Dr. Bret Alderman at https://www.aldermancoaching.com/

Changes in the Renaissance and Andreas Vesalius

Hey, I'm building off the last episode and talking about anatomy in the Renaissance. Find me on Instagram and Facebook @ramblingswithamedicalhistorian on Twitter @ramblings_mh. Email me at ramblings.mh@gmail.com. Here is a list of sources; “Andreas Vesalius in De humani corporis fabrica libri septem (1543)” reproduced in Robert E. Greenspan, Medicine: Perspectives in History and Art. Alexandria, VA: Ponteverde Press, 2006. “Skeletal and muscular system in De humani corporis fabrica libri septem (1543)” reproduced in Robert E. Greenspan, Medicine: Perspectives in History and Art. Alexandria, VA: Ponteverde Press, 2006. “William Harvey, The circulation and venous valves in Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis (1628)” reproduced in Robert E. Greenspan, Medicine: Perspectives in History and Art. Alexandria, VA: Ponteverde Press, 2006. Da Vinci, Leonardo. “The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci, (1452-1519)” in Logan Clendening, Source Book of Medical History. Translated by Edward MacCurdy, 1938. New York: Dover Publications, 1960. Harvey, William. “Anatomical Exercises on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (1628-1657)” in Logan Clendening, Source Book of Medical History trans Robert Willis, 1847. New York: Dover Publications, 1960. Van Rijn, Rembrandt. “The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicholaes Tulp (1632)” reproduced in Robert E. Greenspan, Medicine: Perspectives in History and Art. Alexandria, VA: Ponteverde Press, 2006. Vesalius, Andreas. “The Fabric of the Human Body (1543)” in Logan Clendening, Source Book of Medical History. Translated by W.P. Hotchkiss. New York: Dover Publications, 1960. “William Harvey and Modern Cardiology” The British Medical Journal, 1, no.6116 (1978): 803-804. (Accessed January 22, 2016). http://www.jstor.org/stable/20418411 Ambrose, Charles T. “Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) – An Unfinished Life” Acta Medico-Historica Adriatica, 12, no.2 (2014): 216-230. (Accessed March 5, 2016). Bardell, David. “William Harvey, 1578-1657, Discoverer of the Circulation of Blood: In Commemoration of the 400th Anniversary of His Birth” BioScience, 28, no.4 (1978): 257-259. (Accessed January 26, 2016). http://www.jstor.org/stable/1307276 Clendening, Logan. Source Book of Medical History. New York: Dover Publications, 1960. Hæger, Knut. The Illustrated History of Surgery. Edited and translated by Jon van Leuven. Gothenburg, Sweden: AB Nordbok, 2000. Kemp, Martin. “Dissection and Divinity in Leonardo's Late Anatomies.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 35 (1972): 200-225. (Accessed October 5, 2015) http://www.jstor.org/stable/750929 Laurenza, Domenico. “Art and Anatomy in Renaissance Italy: Images From a Scientific Revolution.” The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 69, no.3 (2012): 4-48. (Accessed January 26, 2016) http://www.jstor.org/stable/23222879 Loudon, Irvine, ed. The Oxford Illustrated History of Western Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/ramblings-mh/message

De aflevering waarin editor Milan tussenbeide komt. Arno spreekt de kattenluisteraars aan. Milan onderbreekt hem op essentiële momenten.

Following the Renaissance, Europe had an explosion of science. The works of the Greeks had been lost during the Dark Ages while civilizations caught up to the technical progress. Or so we were taught in school. Previously, we looked at the contributions during the Golden Age of the Islamic Empires and the Renaissance when that science returned to Europe following the Holy Wars. The great thinkers from the Renaissance pushed boundaries and opened minds. But the revolution coming after them would change the very way we thought of the world. It was a revolution based in science and empirical thought, lasting from the middle of the 1500s to late in the 1600s.  There are three main aspects I'd like to focus on in terms of taking all the knowledge of the world from that point and preparing it to give humans enlightenment, what we call the age after the Scientific Revolution. These are new ways of reasoning and thinking, specialization, and rigor. Let's start with rigor. My cat jumps on the stove and burns herself. She doesn't do it again. My dog gets too playful with the cat and gets smacked. Both then avoid doing those things in the future. Early humans learn that we can forage certain plants and then realize we can take those plants to another place and have them grow. And then we realize they grow best when planted at certain times of the year. And watching the stars can provide guidance on when to do so. This evolved over generations of trial and error.  Yet we believed those stars revolved around the earth for much of our existence. Even after designing orreries and mapping the heavens, we still hung on to this belief until Copernicus. His 1543 work “On The Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres” marks the beginning of the Scientific Revolution. Here, he almost heretically claimed that the stars in fact revolved around the sun, as did the Earth.  This wasn't exactly new. Aristarchus had theorized this heliocentric model in Ancient Greece. Ptolemy had disagreed in Almagest, where he provided tables to compute location and dates using the stars. Tables that had taken rigor to produce. And that Ptolemaic system came to be taken for granted. It worked fine.  The difference was, Copernicus had newer technology. He had newer optics, thousands more years of recorded data (some of which was contributed by philosophers during the golden age of Islamic science), the texts of ancient astronomers, and newer ecliptical tables and techniques with which to derive them.  Copernicus didn't accept what he was taught but instead looked to prove or disprove it with mathematical rigor. The printing press came along in 1440 and 100 years later, Luther was lambasting the church, Columbus discovered the New World, and the printing press helped disseminate information in a way that was less controllable by governments and religious institutions who at times felt threatened by that information. For example, Outlines of Pyrrhonism from first century Sextus Empiricus was printed in 1562, adding skepticism to the growing European thought. In other words, human computers were becoming more sentient and needed more input.  We couldn't trust what the ancients were passing down and the doctrine of the church was outdated. Others began to ask questions.  Johannes Keppler published Mysterium Cosmographicum in 1596, in defense of Copernicus. He would go on to study math, such as the relationship between math and music, and the relationship between math and the weather. And in 1604 published Astronomiae Pars Optica, where he proposed a new method to measure eclipses of the moon. He would become the imperial mathematician to Emperor Rudolf II, where he could work with other court scholars. He worked on optical theory and wrote Astronomiae Pars Optica, or The Optical Part of Astronomy. He published numerous other works that pushed astronomy, optics, and math forward. His Epitome of Copernican Astronomy would go further than Copernicus, assigning ellipses to the movements of celestial bodies and while it didn't catch on immediately, his inductive reasoning and the rigor that followed, was enough to have him conversing with Galileo.  Galileo furthered the work of Copernicus and Kepler. He picked up a telescope in 1609 and in his lifetime saw magnification go from 3 to 30 times. This allowed him to map Jupiter's moons, proving the orbits of other celestial bodies. He identified sunspots. He observed the strength of motions and developed formulas for inertia and parabolic trajectories.  We were moving from deductive reasoning, or starting our scientific inquiry with a theory - to inductive reasoning, or creating theories based on observation. Galileos observations expanded our knowledge of Venus, the moon, and the tides. He helped to transform how we thought, despite ending up in an Inquisition over his findings. The growing quantity and types of systematic experimentation represented a shift in values. Emiricism, observing evidence for yourself, and the review of peers - whether they disagreed or not. These methods were being taught in growing schools but also in salons and coffee houses and, as was done in Athens, in paid lectures. Sir Francis Bacon argued about only basing scientific knowledge on inductive reasoning. We now call this the Baconian Method, which he wrote about in 1620 when he published his book, New method, or Novum Organum in latin. This was the formalization of eliminative induction. He was building on if not replacing the inductive-deductive method  in Aristotle's Organon. Bacon was the Attorney General of England and actually wrote Novum while sitting as the Lord Chancellor of England, who presides over the House of Lords and also is the highest judge, or was before Tony Blair.  Bacon's method built on ancient works from not only Aristotle but also Al-Biruni, al-Haytham, and many others. And has influenced generations of scientists, like John Locke.  René Descartes helped lay the further framework for rationalism, coining the term “I think therefore I am.” He became by many accounts the father of modern Western Philosophy and asked what can we be certain of, or what is true? This helped him rethink various works and develop Cartesian geometry. Yup, he was the one who developed standard notation in 1637, a thought process that would go on to impact many other great thinkers for generations - especially with the development of calculus. As with many other great natural scientists or natural philosophers of the age, he also wrote on the theory of music, anatomy, and some of his works could be considered a protopsychology.  Another method that developed in the era was empiricism, which John Locke proposed in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding in 1689. George Berkeley, Thomas Hobbes, and David Hume would join that movement and develop a new basis for human knowledge in that empirical tradition that the only true knowledge accessible to our minds was that based on experience. Optics and simple machines had been studied and known of since antiquity. But tools that deepened the understating of sciences began to emerge during this time. We got the steam digester, new forms of telescopes, vacuum pumps, the mercury barometer. And, most importantly for this body of work - we got the mechanical calculator.  Robert Boyle was influenced by Galileo, Bacon, and others. He gave us Boyle's Law, explaining how the pressure of gas increases as the volume of a contain holding the gas decreases. He built air pumps. He investigated how freezing water expands, he experimented with crystals. He experimented with magnetism, early forms of electricity. He published the Skeptical Chymist in 1660 and another couple of dozen books. Before him, we had alchemy and after him, we had chemistry. One of his students was Robert Hooke. Hooke. Hooke defined the law of elasticity, He experimented with everything. He made music tones from brass cogs that had teeth cut in specific proportions. This is storing data on a disk, in a way. Hooke coined the term cell. He studied gravitation in Micrographia, published in 1665.  And Hooke argued, conversed, and exchanged letters at great length with Sir Isaac Newton, one of the greatest scientific minds of all time. He gave the first theory on the speed of sound, Newtonian mechanics, the binomials series. He also gave us Newton's Rules for Science which are as follows: We are to admit no more causes of natural things than such as are both true and sufficient to explain their appearances. Therefore to the same natural effects we must, as far as possible, assign the same causes. The qualities of bodies, which admit neither intension nor remission of degrees, and which are found to belong to all bodies within the reach of our experiments, are to be esteemed the universal qualities of all bodies whatsoever. In experimental philosophy we are to look upon propositions collected by general induction from phenomena as accurately or very nearly true, notwithstanding any contrary hypotheses that may be imagined, until such time as other phenomena occur, by which they may either be made more accurate, or liable to exceptions These appeared in Principia, which gave us the laws of motion and a mathematical description of gravity leading to universal gravitation. Newton never did find the secret to the Philosopher's Stone while working on it, although he did become the Master of the Royal Mint at a pivotal time of recoining, and so who knows. But he developed the first reflecting telescope and made observations about prisms that led to his book Optics in 1704. And ever since he and Leibniz developed calculus, high school and college students alike have despised him.  Leibniz also did a lot of work on calculus but was a great philosopher as well. His work on logic  All our ideas are compounded from a very small number of simple ideas, which form the alphabet of human thought. Complex ideas proceed from these simple ideas by a uniform and symmetrical combination, analogous to arithmetical multiplication. This would ultimately lead to the algebra of concepts and after a century and a half of great mathematicians and logicians would result in Boolean algebra, the zero and one foundations of computing, once Claude Shannon gave us information theory a century after that.  Blaise Pascal was another of these philosopher mathematician physicists who also happened to dabble in inventing. I saved him for last because he didn't just do work on probability theory, do important early work on vacuums, give us Pascal's Triangle for binomial coefficients, and invent the hydraulic press. Nope. He also developed Pascal's Calculator, an early mechanical calculator that is the first known to have worked. He didn't build it to do much, just help with the tax collecting work he was doing for his family.  The device could easily add and subtract two numbers and then loop through those tasks in order to do rudimentary multiplication and division. He would only build about 50, but the Pascaline as it came to be known was an important step in the history of computing. And that Leibniz guy, he invented the Leibniz wheels to make the multiplication automatic rather than just looping through addition steps. It wouldn't be until 1851 that the Arithmometer made a real commercial go at mechanical calculators in a larger and more business like way. While Tomas, the inventor of that device is best known for his work on the calculator today, his real legacy is the 1,000 families who get their income from the insurance company he founded, which is still in business as GAN Assurances, and the countless families who have worked there or used their services.  That brings us to the next point about specializations. Since the Egyptians and Greeks we've known that the more specialists we had in fields, the more discoveries they made. Many of these were philosophers or scientists. They studied the stars and optics and motions and mathematics and geometry for thousands of years, and an increasingly large amount of information was available to generations that followed starting with the written words first being committed to clay tablets in Mesopotamia. The body of knowledge had grown to the point where one could study a branch of science, such as mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry for their entire lives - improving each field in their own way. Every few generations, this transformed societal views about nature. We also increased our study of anatomy, with an increase in or return to the dissection of human corpses, emerging from the time when that was not allowed. And these specialties began to diverge into their own fields in the next generations. There was certainly still collaboration, and in fact the new discoveries only helped to make science more popular than ever. Given the increased popularity, there was more work done, more theories to prove or disprove, more scholarly writings, which were then given to more and more people through innovations to the printing press, and a more and more literate people. Seventeenth century scientists and philosophers were able to collaborate with members of the mathematical and astronomical communities to effect advances in all fields. All of this rapid change in science since the end of the Renaissance created a groundswell of interest in new ways to learn about findings and who was doing what. There was a Republic of Letters, or a community of intellectuals spread across Europe and America. These informal networks sprang up and spread information that might have been considered heretical before transmitted through secret societies of intellectuals and through encrypted letters. And they fostered friendships, like in the early days of computer science.  There were groups meeting in coffee houses and salons. The Royal Society of London sprang up in 1600. Then the British Royal Society was founded in 1660. They started a publication called Philosophical Transactions in 1665. There are over 8,000 members of the society, which runs to this day with fellows of the society including people like Robert Hooke and fellows would include Newton, Darwin, Faraday, Einstein, Francis Crick, Turing, Tim Berners-Lee, Elon Musk, and Stephen Hawking. And this inspired Colbert to establish the French Academy of Sciences in 1666. They swapped papers, read one another's works, and that peer review would evolve into the journals and institutions we have today. There are so many more than the ones mentioned in this episode. Great thinkers like Otto von Guericke, Otto Brunfels, Giordano Bruno, Leonard Fuchs, Tycho Brahe, Samuel Hartlib, William Harvey, Marcello Malpighi, John Napier, Edme Mariotte, Santorio Santorio, Simon Stevin, Franciscus Sylvius, John Baptist van Helmont, Andreas Vesalius, Evangelista Torricelli, Francois Viete, John Wallis, and the list goes on.  Now that scientific communities were finally beyond where the Greeks had left off like with Plato's Academy and the letters sent by ancient Greeks. The scientific societies had emerged similarly, centuries later. But the empires had more people and resources and traditions of science to build on.  This massive jump in learning then prepared us for a period we now call the Enlightenment, which then opened minds and humanity was ready to accept a new level of Science in the Age of Enlightenment. The books, essays, society periodicals, universities, discoveries, and inventions are often lost in the classroom where the focus can be about the wars and revolutions they often inspired. But those who emerged in the Scientific Revolution acted as guides for the Enlightenment philosophers, scientists, engineers, and thinkers that would come next. But we'll have to pick that back up in the next episode!

In the fourth episode of our brand-new podcast series, historian and host Rebecca Rideal is joined by Sick to Death's very own Dean Paton, as well as experts Julie Mathias, Dr Lara Thorpe, Dr Wanda Wyporska, Luke Pepera and Dr Anton Howes to investigate medicine during the early modern period. Forget the Tudors, the big story during this time is the movement of medical thinking away from Galen. Today's object is a life-size replica of Andreas Vesalius's Hanging Man. Written and produced by Rebecca Rideal. Edited and produced by Matt Pearson. Theme music: “Time” by The Broxton Hundred The podcast is brought to you by Sick to Death, an exciting new medical museum in the heart of historic Chester.

The De humani corporis fabrica of Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) is the most famous of all books on anatomy. Its artistic brilliance and its insistence on human, not animal, dissection as the basis for understanding the body has ensured that the work has an honoured place in all major libraries. Less attention has been paid to the revised 1555 edition, while the recent discovery of his annotations for a further unpublished edition, as well as the existence of further revisions to his revision of Gunther von Andernach’s Institutiones anatomicae, have thrown new light on the man and on his relationship with his Basle publisher, Oporinus. This talk discusses Vesalius’ activities as reviser and corrector over his career as a Galenic anatomist. Speaker: Prof Vivian Nutton (University College London)

The De humani corporis fabrica of Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) is the most famous of all books on anatomy. Its artistic brilliance and its insistence on human, not animal, dissection as the basis for understanding the body has ensured that the work has an honoured place in all major libraries. Less attention has been paid to the revised 1555 edition, while the recent discovery of his annotations for a further unpublished edition, as well as the existence of further revisions to his revision of Gunther von Andernach's Institutiones anatomicae, have thrown new light on the man and on his relationship with his Basle publisher, Oporinus. This talk discusses Vesalius' activities as reviser and corrector over his career as a Galenic anatomist. Speaker: Prof Vivian Nutton (University College London)

A lecture by Mark Somos (BSR; Sussex; Harvard)

We hear a more balanced, less sensational account of the great Disector. We learn that the popular popularization in coffee table sweeping sagas that overlaps with what is taught in school is infact unethical and disrespectful to the students in our education system's care. So Andie was aiming to escape the turmoil by landing a secure possition with the Emporer. He figured out that Galen who was forbidden to dissect humans, had made predictable mistakes from dissecting monkeys instead. In fact in order to short circuit the whole debate he did parallel dissections of humans and animals. This ineffect let the dead have the last say by not being able to be bullied into falsehood. Listening to this podcast directly after the guff of the last is rather profound I would think. MP4 recording     MP3 recording Your browser does not support the audio element.

Yet another story told in the style of everything leads to the self assured science communicator that has the knack of making the complex simple. Truely News of the World sensationalism from the Renaisance in want of scholarship here. MP4 recording     MP3 recording Your browser does not support the audio element.

In the 16th century, physician Andreas Vesalius described how a suffocating animal could be kept alive by inserting a tube into its trachea and blowing air to inflate its lungs. Today, Vesalius's treatise is recognized as the first description of mechanical ventilation— a crucial practice in modern medicine. So how do our modern ventilators work? Alex Gendler explains the life-saving technology. [Directed by Artrake Studio, narrated by Addison Anderson].

Dankzij deze slimme en toch heerlijk rebelse jongeman lig jij nu met alle rust op de operatietafel. Of nou ja, niet alleen door hem, maar hij heeft er een verrassend groot aandeel aan gehad. Als je hoort wat ze destijds (16e eeuw) nog dachten over hoe het menselijk lichaam in elkaar zat, is het maar goed dat mensen als Andreas bestaan. Of nou ja, eigenlijk heet hij gewoon Andries. Ook dat taartpuntje snijden we aan. Lekker luisteren!

In this episode, we cover one of the most influential books in the history of surgery, the 'De Humane Corporis Fabrica', and its author, Andreas Vesalius. In doing so, we'll also explore the outsized influence of the ancient Roman physician Galen on anatomical knowledge, and the challenges Vesalius faced in shaking the yoke of tradition through empirical evidence. One of the giants of Renaissance medicine, Vesalius laid the groundwork for the modern field of anatomy, and in so doing, modern surgery as well.

Spotkanie z prof. Vivianem Nuttonem odbyło się 13 grudnia w Instytucie Historii UŁ. Prelekcja była częścią cyklu wykładów otwartych poświęconych historii medycyny, organizowanych pod patronatem JM Rektora Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego oraz La Société Française d'Histoire de la Médecine. Celem spotkań jest zapoznanie publiczności z dziedzictwem antycznej myśli medycznej i jej nowożytnym odbiorem. Organizatorami przedsięwzięcia są: Centrum Ceraneum, Wydział Filozoficzno-Historyczny i Wydział Filologiczny Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. 
Profesor Nutton specjalizuje się w historii medycyny od czasu antyku do nowożytności, w lecznictwie grecko-rzymskim i jego recepcji w okresie odrodzenia. W czasie wykładu przedstawił efekty przeprowadzonych w ostatnich latach analiz nieznanych wcześniej pism Galena. Rzuciły one nowe światło na poglądy starożytnego lekarza nt. anatomii, psychologii i filozofii, jak również instytucji kulturalnych Imperium Rzymskiego. 

Vivian Nutton pracował na swym macierzystym Uniwersytecie w Cambridge i w Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine, związany był również z Centre for the History of Medicine na University College London. Jest autorem artykułów naukowych zebranych m.in. w serii Variorum w tomie „From Democedes to Harvey: Studies in the History of Medicine” oraz przekrojowej monografii „Ancient Medicine” i haseł nt. medycyny w encyklopedii „Der neue Pauly”. Najnowszą pracą Profesora jest „Principles of anatomy according to the opinion of Galen, by Johann Guinter and Andreas Vesalius (2017)”.  Obecnie pełni funkcję współredaktora serii Medical History. Jest członkiem międzynarodowych towarzystw naukowych, w tym Akademii Brytyjskiej, Academia Europaea i Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres.

The Fabrica of Andreas Vesalius: A Worldwide Descriptive Census, Ownership, and Annotations of the 1543 and 1555 Editions (Brill, 2018) is a masterful new book that will long be on the shelves of anyone working on the history of anatomy, early modern medicine, and/or the history of the book. This volume pays special attention to the Fabrica as material object, tracing how owners used and reacted to it by carefully tracing 475 years of its reading history through annotations, hand-coloring, binding, circulation, and other evidence left from the global movement of copies of the 1543 and 1555 editions. Dániel Margócsy and I talked about the process by which he and his co-authors (Mark Somos and Stephen N. Joffe) accomplished this massive task, and what the resulting volume can help us understand about the reception history of the Fabrica and its larger consequences for how we work with books as objects. Carla Nappi is the Andrew W. Mellon Chair in the Department of History at the University of Pittsburgh. You can learn more about her and her work here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Fabrica of Andreas Vesalius: A Worldwide Descriptive Census, Ownership, and Annotations of the 1543 and 1555 Editions (Brill, 2018) is a masterful new book that will long be on the shelves of anyone working on the history of anatomy, early modern medicine, and/or the history of the book. This volume pays special attention to the Fabrica as material object, tracing how owners used and reacted to it by carefully tracing 475 years of its reading history through annotations, hand-coloring, binding, circulation, and other evidence left from the global movement of copies of the 1543 and 1555 editions. Dániel Margócsy and I talked about the process by which he and his co-authors (Mark Somos and Stephen N. Joffe) accomplished this massive task, and what the resulting volume can help us understand about the reception history of the Fabrica and its larger consequences for how we work with books as objects. Carla Nappi is the Andrew W. Mellon Chair in the Department of History at the University of Pittsburgh. You can learn more about her and her work here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Fabrica of Andreas Vesalius: A Worldwide Descriptive Census, Ownership, and Annotations of the 1543 and 1555 Editions (Brill, 2018) is a masterful new book that will long be on the shelves of anyone working on the history of anatomy, early modern medicine, and/or the history of the book. This volume pays special attention to the Fabrica as material object, tracing how owners used and reacted to it by carefully tracing 475 years of its reading history through annotations, hand-coloring, binding, circulation, and other evidence left from the global movement of copies of the 1543 and 1555 editions. Dániel Margócsy and I talked about the process by which he and his co-authors (Mark Somos and Stephen N. Joffe) accomplished this massive task, and what the resulting volume can help us understand about the reception history of the Fabrica and its larger consequences for how we work with books as objects. Carla Nappi is the Andrew W. Mellon Chair in the Department of History at the University of Pittsburgh. You can learn more about her and her work here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Fabrica of Andreas Vesalius: A Worldwide Descriptive Census, Ownership, and Annotations of the 1543 and 1555 Editions (Brill, 2018) is a masterful new book that will long be on the shelves of anyone working on the history of anatomy, early modern medicine, and/or the history of the book. This volume pays special attention to the Fabrica as material object, tracing how owners used and reacted to it by carefully tracing 475 years of its reading history through annotations, hand-coloring, binding, circulation, and other evidence left from the global movement of copies of the 1543 and 1555 editions. Dániel Margócsy and I talked about the process by which he and his co-authors (Mark Somos and Stephen N. Joffe) accomplished this massive task, and what the resulting volume can help us understand about the reception history of the Fabrica and its larger consequences for how we work with books as objects. Carla Nappi is the Andrew W. Mellon Chair in the Department of History at the University of Pittsburgh. You can learn more about her and her work here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/medicine

The Fabrica of Andreas Vesalius: A Worldwide Descriptive Census, Ownership, and Annotations of the 1543 and 1555 Editions (Brill, 2018) is a masterful new book that will long be on the shelves of anyone working on the history of anatomy, early modern medicine, and/or the history of the book. This volume pays special attention to the Fabrica as material object, tracing how owners used and reacted to it by carefully tracing 475 years of its reading history through annotations, hand-coloring, binding, circulation, and other evidence left from the global movement of copies of the 1543 and 1555 editions. Dániel Margócsy and I talked about the process by which he and his co-authors (Mark Somos and Stephen N. Joffe) accomplished this massive task, and what the resulting volume can help us understand about the reception history of the Fabrica and its larger consequences for how we work with books as objects. Carla Nappi is the Andrew W. Mellon Chair in the Department of History at the University of Pittsburgh. You can learn more about her and her work here.

The Fabrica of Andreas Vesalius: A Worldwide Descriptive Census, Ownership, and Annotations of the 1543 and 1555 Editions (Brill, 2018) is a masterful new book that will long be on the shelves of anyone working on the history of anatomy, early modern medicine, and/or the history of the book. This volume pays special attention to the Fabrica as material object, tracing how owners used and reacted to it by carefully tracing 475 years of its reading history through annotations, hand-coloring, binding, circulation, and other evidence left from the global movement of copies of the 1543 and 1555 editions. Dániel Margócsy and I talked about the process by which he and his co-authors (Mark Somos and Stephen N. Joffe) accomplished this massive task, and what the resulting volume can help us understand about the reception history of the Fabrica and its larger consequences for how we work with books as objects. Carla Nappi is the Andrew W. Mellon Chair in the Department of History at the University of Pittsburgh. You can learn more about her and her work here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Fabrica of Andreas Vesalius: A Worldwide Descriptive Census, Ownership, and Annotations of the 1543 and 1555 Editions (Brill, 2018) is a masterful new book that will long be on the shelves of anyone working on the history of anatomy, early modern medicine, and/or the history of the book. This volume pays special attention to the Fabrica as material object, tracing how owners used and reacted to it by carefully tracing 475 years of its reading history through annotations, hand-coloring, binding, circulation, and other evidence left from the global movement of copies of the 1543 and 1555 editions. Dániel Margócsy and I talked about the process by which he and his co-authors (Mark Somos and Stephen N. Joffe) accomplished this massive task, and what the resulting volume can help us understand about the reception history of the Fabrica and its larger consequences for how we work with books as objects. Carla Nappi is the Andrew W. Mellon Chair in the Department of History at the University of Pittsburgh. You can learn more about her and her work here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Fabrica of Andreas Vesalius: A Worldwide Descriptive Census, Ownership, and Annotations of the 1543 and 1555 Editions (Brill, 2018) is a masterful new book that will long be on the shelves of anyone working on the history of anatomy, early modern medicine, and/or the history of the book. This volume pays special attention to the Fabrica as material object, tracing how owners used and reacted to it by carefully tracing 475 years of its reading history through annotations, hand-coloring, binding, circulation, and other evidence left from the global movement of copies of the 1543 and 1555 editions. Dániel Margócsy and I talked about the process by which he and his co-authors (Mark Somos and Stephen N. Joffe) accomplished this massive task, and what the resulting volume can help us understand about the reception history of the Fabrica and its larger consequences for how we work with books as objects. Carla Nappi is the Andrew W. Mellon Chair in the Department of History at the University of Pittsburgh. You can learn more about her and her work here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Fabrica of Andreas Vesalius: A Worldwide Descriptive Census, Ownership, and Annotations of the 1543 and 1555 Editions (Brill, 2018) is a masterful new book that will long be on the shelves of anyone working on the history of anatomy, early modern medicine, and/or the history of the book. This volume pays special attention to the Fabrica as material object, tracing how owners used and reacted to it by carefully tracing 475 years of its reading history through annotations, hand-coloring, binding, circulation, and other evidence left from the global movement of copies of the 1543 and 1555 editions. Dániel Margócsy and I talked about the process by which he and his co-authors (Mark Somos and Stephen N. Joffe) accomplished this massive task, and what the resulting volume can help us understand about the reception history of the Fabrica and its larger consequences for how we work with books as objects. Carla Nappi is the Andrew W. Mellon Chair in the Department of History at the University of Pittsburgh. You can learn more about her and her work here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

El libro "Anatomía del Caballo" editado a fines del siglo XVI es la primer tratado que aborda el tema con una visión moderna: científica y artística a la vez. Si bien se nota la influencia de la obra de Andreas Vesalius, el arte de Carlo Ruini y las magníficas ilustraciones de su libro están envueltas en un halo de misterio.

El libro "Anatomía del Caballo" editado a fines del siglo XVI es la primer tratado que aborda el tema con una visión moderna: científica y artística a la vez. Si bien se nota la influencia de la obra de Andreas Vesalius, el arte de Carlo Ruini y las magníficas ilustraciones de su libro están envueltas en un halo de misterio. La entrada 139 – Anatomía del Caballo de Carlo Ruini se publicó primero en Gcomics.

Det er ikke mulig å overvurdere betydningen av oppslagsverket Menneskekroppens Oppbygging som kom ut for snart 500 år siden med 400 detaljrike illustrasjoner av menneskekroppens ulike deler. Dette la grunnlaget for utviklingen av den moderne medisin. Hør om mannens bak storverket Andreas Vesalius i Ekko.

This is the 10th episode in our series examining the impact Christianity has had on history & culture. Today we consider the impact the Faith has had on science.This subject is near & dear to me because when I first went to college in the mid-70's, I was studying to be a geologist. I'd always been fascinated by science and loved to collect rocks, so decided geology would be my field. I took many classes on the trajectory of one day working in the field as a geological engineer.I was only a nominal believer in those days and when I first entered college saw no incompatibility between evolution and Christianity. It seemed obvious to my then uninformed mind that God had created everything, then used evolution as the way to push things along. I now realize my ideas were what has come to be known as theistic evolution.One of my professors, who was herself an agnostic, was also a fastidious scientist. What I mean is, she hadn't imbibed the ideology of scientism with its uncritical loyalty to evolution. Though she admitted a loose belief in it, it was only, she said, because no other theory came any closer to explaining the evidence. She rejected the idea of divine creation, but had a hard time buying in to the evolutionary explanation for life. Her reason was that the theory didn't square with the evidence. She caught significant grief for this position from the other professors who were lock-step loyal to Darwin. In a conversation with another student in class one day, she acknowledged that while she didn't personally believe it, in terms of origins, there could be a supreme being who was creator of the physical universe and that if there was, such a being would likely be the Author of Life. She went further and admitted that there was no evidence she was aware of that made that possibility untenable. It's just that as a scientist, she had no evidence for such a being's existence so had to remain an agnostic.For me, the point was, here was a true scientist who admitted there were deep scientific problems with the theory of evolution. She fiercely argued against raising the theory of evolution to a scientific certainty. It angered her when evolution was used as a presumptive ground for science.It took a few years, but I eventually came around to her view, then went further and today, based on the evidence, consider evolution a preposterous position.I give all that background because of the intensity of debate today, kicked up by what are called the New Atheists. Evolutionists all, they set science in opposition to all religious faith. In doing so, they set reason on the side of science, and then say that leaves un-reason or irrationality in the side of faith. This is false proposition but one that has effectively come to dominate the public discussion. The new Atheists make it seem as though every scientist worth the title is an atheists while there are no educated or genuinely worthy intellects in the Faith camp. That also is a grievous misdirection since some of the world's greatest minds & most prolific scientists either believe in God, the Bible, or at least acknowledge the likelihood of a divine being.A little history reveals that modern science owes its very existence to men & women of faith. The renowned philosopher of science, Alfred North Whitehead, said “Faith in the possibility of science, [coming before] the development of modern scientific theory, is[derived from] medieval theology."' Lynn White, historian of medieval science, wrote, "The [medieval] monk was an intellectual ancestor of the scientist." The German physicist Ernst Mach remarked, "Every unbiased mind must admit that the age in which the chief development of the science of mechanics took place was an age of predominantly theological cast."Crediting Christianity with the arrival of science may sound surprising to many. But why is that? The answer goes back to Andrew Dickson White, who in 1896 published A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom. Ever since then, along with the growth of secularism, college & university professors have accepted White's argument that Christianity is an enemy of science. It unthinkable to many that Christianity could have fostered the arrival of science.There are differences between Christianity and pagan religion. One is that Christianity, with its heritage in Judaism, has always insisted that there's only one God, Who is a rational being. Without this presupposition, there would be no science. The origin of science, said Alfred North Whitehead, required Christianity's “insistence on the rationality of God."If God is a rational being, then human beings, who are made in His image, also employ rational processes to study and investigate the world in which they live. That idea moved Christian philosophers to link rationality with the empirical, inductive method. Robert Grosseteste was one of these philosophers who in the 13th C went further and began to apply this idea practically. A Franciscan bishop and the first chancellor of Oxford University, he was the first to propose the inductive, experimental method, an approach to knowledge that was advocated by his student Roger Bacon, another Franciscan monk, who asserted that “All things must be verified by experience.” Bacon was a devout believer in the truthfulness of Scripture, and being empirically minded, he saw the Bible in the light of sound reason and as verifiable by experience. Another natural philosopher & Franciscan monk, was William of Occam in the 14th C. Like Bacon, Occam said knowledge needed to be derived inductively.300 years later another Bacon, first name  Francis this time, gave further momentum to the inductive method by recording his experimental results. He's been called "the creator of scientific induction."' In the context of rationality, he stressed careful observation of phenomena and collecting information systematically in order to understand nature's secrets. His scientific interests did not deter him from devoting time to theology. He wrote treatises on the Psalms and prayer.By introducing the inductive empirical method guided by rational procedures, Roger Bacon, William Occam, and Francis Bacon departed from the ancient Greek perspective of Aristotle. Aristotelianism had a stranglehold on the world for 1500 years. It held that knowledge was only acquired thru the deductive processes of the mind; the inductive method, which required manual activity, was taboo. Remember  as we saw in  a previous episode, physical activity was only for slaves, not for thinkers & freemen. Complete confidence in the deductive method was the only way for the Aristotelian to arrive at knowledge. This view was held by Christian monks, natural philosophers, and theologians until the arrival of Grosseteste, the Bacons & Occam. Even after these empirically-minded thinkers introduced their ideas, a majority of the scholastic world continued to adhere to Aristotle's approach.Another major presupposition of Christianity is that God, who created the world, is separate and distinct from it. Greek philosophy saw the gods and nature as intertwined. For example, the planets were thought to have an inner intelligence that caused them to move. This pantheistic view of planetary movement was first challenged in the 14th C by Jean Buridan, a Christian philosopher at the University of Paris.The Biblical & Christian perspective, which sees God and nature as distinctively separate entities, makes science possible. As has been said, Science could never have come into being among the animists of Asia or Africa because they would never have experimented on the natural world, since everything—stones, trees, animals & everything, contains the spirits of gods & ancestors.Men like Grosseteste, Buridan, the Bacons, Occam, and Nicholas of Oresme, and later Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo, saw themselves as merely trying to understand the world God had created and over which He told mankind in Gen 1:28 to have "dominion". This paradigm shift is another example of Christianity's wholesome impact on the world.Belief in the rationality of God not only led to the inductive method but also to the conclusion that the universe is governed by rationally discoverable laws. This assumption is vitally important to scientific research, because in a pagan world, with gods engaged in jealous, irrational behavior, any systematic investigation of such a world was futile. Only in Christian thought, with the existence of a single God, the Creator and Governor of the universe, Who functions in an orderly and predictable manner, is it possible for science to exist and operate.From the 13th to the 18th C  every major scientist  explained his motivations in religious terms. But if you examined a science textbook for the local public school you'd never know. Virtually all references to the Christian beliefs of early scientists are omitted. This is unfortunate because these convictions often played a dominant role in their work.One early cutting-edge concept was "Occam's razor", named in honor of William of Occam. This idea had a tremendous influence on the development of modern science. Simply put, it's the scientific principle that says what can be done or explained with the fewest assumptions should be used. This means that a scientist needs to ‘shave off' all excess assumptions. The idea first arose with Peter of Spain but Occam finessed it into usable form. Modern scientists use this principle in theorizing and explaining research findings.As was common with virtually all medieval natural philosophy, Occam didn't confine himself just to scientific matters. He also wrote 2 theological treatises, 1 dealing with the Lord's Supper and the other with the body of Christ. Both works had a positive influence on Martin Luther.Most people think of Leonardo da Vinci as a great artist and painter, but he was also a scientific genius. He analyzed and theorized in the areas of botany, optics, physics, hydraulics, and aeronautics, but his greatest benefit to science lies in the study of human physiology. By dissecting cadavers, which he often did at night because such activity was forbidden, he produced meticulous drawings of human anatomy. His drawings and comments, when collected in one massive volume, present a complete course of anatomical study. This was a major breakthrough because before this time and for some time after, physicians had little knowledge of the human body. They were dependent on the writings of the Greek physician Galen whose propositions on human physiology were in large measure drawn from animals like dogs and monkeys. Leonardo's anatomical observations led him to question the belief that air passed from the lungs to the heart. He used a pump to test this hypothesis and found it was impossible to force air into the heart from the lungs.Lest anyone think Leonardo's scientific theories and drawings of the human anatomy were divorced from his religious convictions, it's well to recall his other activities. His paintings—The Baptism of Christ, The Last Supper, and The Resurrection of Christ—are enduring reminders of his Christian beliefs.The anatomical work of Leonardo was not forgotten. The man who followed in his footsteps was Andreas Vesalius, who lived from 1514 to 64. At 22, he began teaching at the University of Padua. In 1543 he published his famous work, Fabric of the Human Body. The book mentions over 200 errors in Galen's physiology. The errors were found as a result of his dissecting cadavers he obtained illegally.When Vesalius exposed Galen's errors, he received no praise or commendation. His contemporaries, like his former teacher Sylvius, still wedded to Greek medicine, called him a "madman." Others saw him as "a clever, dangerous free-thinker of medicine." There's little doubt of his faith in God. On one occasion he said, "We are driven to wonder at the handiwork of the Almighty." He was never condemned as a heretic, as some anti-church critics have implied, for at the time of his death he had an offer waiting for him to teach at the University of Padua, where he first began his career. Today he's known as the father of human anatomy.Where would the study of genetics be today had the world not been blessed with the birth of the Augustinian monk Gregor Johann Mendel? As often stated in science textbooks, it was his working on cross-pollinating garden peas that led to the concept of genes and the discovery of his 3 laws: the law of segregation, the law of independent assortment, and the law of dominance. Mendel spent most of his adult life in the monastery at Bruno, Moravia. Though Mendel is used by secularists to explain genetics & evolution, he rejected Darwin's theory.4 names loom large in the textbooks of astronomy: Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, & Galileo. The undeniable fact is, these men were devout Christians. Their faith influenced their scientific work, though this fact is conspicuously omitted in most science texts.Nicolaus Copernicus was born in Torun, Poland, in 1473. While still a child, his father died, and he was sent to his mother's brother, a Catholic priest, who reared him. He earned a doctor's degree and was trained as a physician. His uncle had him study theology, which resulted in his becoming a canon at Frauenburg Cathedral in East Prussia. History knows him best for having introduced the heliocentric theory that says the Earth orbits the sun, not the other way around. During the Middle Ages it was suggested the Earth might be in motion, but nobody had worked out the details. Copernicus did, and therein lies his greatness.Copernicus received a printed copy of his masterwork Concerning the Revolutions of the Celestial Bodies on his deathbed in 1543. He'd hesitated to publish his work earlier, not because he feared the charge of heresy, as has often been asserted without any documentation, but because he wanted to avoid the ridicule of other scientists, who were strongly tied to Aristotle and Ptolemy. It was Copernicus' Christian friends, especially Georg Rheticus and Andreas Osiander, 2 Lutherans, who persuaded him to publish.Although Copernicus remained a moderately loyal son of the Roman Catholic Church, it was his Lutheran friends that made his publication possible. That information is surprising to many people, including university students, because most only hear that Christian theologians condemned Copernicus's work. For instance, critics like to cite Luther, who supposedly called Copernicus a fool. John W. Montgomery has shown this frequently cited remark lacks support.When Tycho Brahe died in 1601, Johannes Kepler succeeded him in Prague under an imperial appointment by Emperor Rudolph II. Kepler, who'd studied for 3 years to become a Lutheran pastor, turned to astronomy after he was assigned to teach mathematics in Graz, Austria, in 1594. Unlike Brahe, who never accepted the heliocentric theory, Kepler did. In fact Kepler, not Copernicus, deserves the real credit for the helio-centric theory. Copernicus thought the sun was the center of the universe. Kepler realized & proved the sun was merely the center of our solar system.Kepler's mathematical calculations proved wrong the old Aristotelian theory that said the planets orbited in perfect circles, an assumption Copernicus continued to hold. This led Kepler to hypothesize and empirically verify that planets had elliptical paths around the sun.Kepler was the first to define weight as the mutual attraction between 2 bodies, an insight Isaac Newton used later in formulating the law of gravity. Kepler was the first to explain that tides were caused by the moon.Many of Kepler's achievements came while enduring great personal suffering. Some of his hardships were a direct result of his Lutheran convictions, which cost him his position in Graz, where the Catholic Archduke of Hapsburg expelled him in 1598. Another time he was fined for burying his 2nd child according to Lutheran funeral rites. His salary was often in arrears, even in Prague, where he had an imperial appointment. He lost his position there in 1612 when his benefactor the Emperor was forced to abdicate. He was plagued with digestive problems, gall bladder ailments, skin rashes, piles, and sores on his feet that healed badly because of his hemophilia. Childhood smallpox left him with defective eyesight and crippled hands. Even death was no stranger to him. His first wife died, as well as several of his children. A number of times he was forced to move from one city to another, sometimes even from one country to another. Often he had no money to support his family because those who contracted him failed to pay.Whether in fame or pain, Kepler's faith remained unshaken. In his first publication he showed his Christian conviction at the book's conclusion where he gave all honor and praise to God. Stressed and overworked as he often was, he would sometimes fall asleep without having said his evening prayers. When this happened, it bothered him so much that the first thing he'd do next morning was to repent. Moments before he died, an attending Lutheran pastor asked him where he placed his faith. Calmly, he replied, "Solely and alone in the work of our redeemer Jesus Christ." Those were the final words of the man who earlier in his life had written that he only tried "thinking God's thoughts after him." He was still in that mindset when, four months before he died, he penned his own epitaph: “I used to measure the heavens, Now I must measure the earth. Though sky-bound was my spirit, My earthly body rests here."We'll end this podcast with a brief review of the 17th C, scientist Galileo. Like Kepler, a contemporary of his, Galileo searched and described the heavenly bodies. He was the first to use the telescope to study the skies, although he didn't invent it. That credit goes to Johann Lippershey, who first revealed his invention in 1608 at a fair in Frankfurt. With the telescope, Galileo discovered that the moon's surface had valleys and mountains, that the moon had no light of its own but merely reflected it from the sun, that the Milky Way was composed of millions of stars, that Jupiter had 4 bright satellites, and that the sun had spots. Galileo also determined, contrary to Aristotelian belief, that heavy objects did not fall faster than light ones.Unfortunately, Galileo's observations were not well received by his Roman Catholic superiors, who considered Aristotle's view—not that of the Bible—as the final word of truth. Even letting Pope Paul V look through the telescope at his discoveries did not help his cause. His masterpiece, A Dialogue on the Two Principal Systems of the World, resulted in a summons before the Inquisition, where he was compelled to deny his belief in the Copernican theory and sentenced to an indefinite prison term. For some reason the sentence was never carried out. In fact, 4 years later he published Dialogues on the Two New Sciences. This work helped Isaac Newton formulate his 3 laws of motion.Galileo was less pro-Copernican than Kepler, with whom he often disagreed. He largely ignored Kepler's discoveries because he was still interested in keeping the Ptolemaic theory alive. He also criticized Kepler's idea of the moon affecting tides.The mystery is - If he was less pro-Copernican than Kepler—why did he get into trouble with the theologians who placed his books on the Index of forbidden books? The answer was because he was Roman Catholic, while Kepler was Lutheran.When modern critics condemn the Church & Christianity for its resistance to the Copernican theory, it must be noted and underscored that it was not the entire church that did so. Both Lutherans & Calvinists supported the Copernican theory.And it needs to be stated clearly that the reason the Roman Church proscribed Galileo's work was precisely because they adhered to the scientific ideas of the day which were dominated by the Aristotelianism. Their opposition to Galileo wasn't out of a strict adherence to the Bible – but to the current scientific thought. I say it again - It was errant science, or what we might call scientism that opposed Galileo. This is the mistake the Church can make today – when it allows itself to adopt the politically correct line of contemporary thought; the majority opinion – what the so-called experts hold to – today; but history has shown, is exchanged for something else tomorrow.Listen: History proves that while scientific theories come and go, God's Word prevails.And that brings us to the end of The Change series. Next week we'll return to our narrative timeline of church history.