Podcast appearances and mentions of maggie fox

Send us a textIt's been a dire year for global health. Almost as soon as he took office as president of the United States, Donald Trump said he would withdraw the country from membership in the World Health Organization (WHO), he fired almost everyone at the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), and slashed staffing and budgets at U.S. health agencies such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The United States government also says it plans to end funding for Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, and has cut some funding for the United Nations World Food Program's efforts to feed millions of people in 14 countries.Before Trump, the United States was the largest donor to global health in the world, contributing about US$12 billion in funding. That's less than 1 percent of the United States federal budget. But the new administration claimed these efforts were wasteful, did not serve the country's interests, and cost too much. It's not clear who can or will fill the gaps.“I think we are going through a very dark time,” says Dr. Ramanan Laxminarayan, founder and president of the One Health Trust. But Dr. Laxminarayan, an epidemiologist and economist, does see some hope. He doubts the United States will permanently end its robust support of global health and he sees opportunities for organizations such as WHO to streamline and become more efficient.Listen as he chats with One World, One Health host Maggie Fox about the immediate effects of the startling new United States government policies and how he sees things shaking out in the long term.

Send us a textAir pollution is a big killer. Air pollution of all kinds helped kill 4.2 million people globally in 2019, according to the World Health Organization.It can damage nearly every organ in the body, worsening asthma and leading to cancer and heart disease. It especially affects pregnant women and can damage a growing fetus.Air pollution also has more insidious effects.Dr. Álvaro Hofflinger of Arizona State University and colleagues studied school children in a part of Chile where many people still rely on wood-burning stoves. They found the more air pollution children were exposed to, the lower their grades. It's another piece of evidence that can help parents, policymakers, officials, and health experts make decisions about where to focus their efforts in reducing pollution. In this episode of One World, One Health, host Maggie Fox chats with Dr. Hofflinger about what his team found, about the factors that cause this type of pollution, and what people might be able to do about it.They found it's not going to be such an easy problem to solve. Wood is cheap or free for many in parts of Chile, and electricity isn't. Old habits are hard to break. And clean energy is not always an uncomplicated choice for governments.  Give it a listen and check out some of our other episodes on air pollution and health.Learn from Dr. Sarah Chambliss about how people of color and in low resource neighborhoods are disproportionately affected by poor health due to pollution.Find out about the association between air pollution, depression, and pregnancy in our episode with Dr. Jun Wu. 

Send us a textIt's hard to overstate how popular writer John Green is. His most famous book, The Fault in Our Stars – a novel about teenagers with cancer, young love, and fate – has sold tens of millions of copies. The film based on the book brought in more than $300 million and it's still popular to this day.Green has become a YouTube star and leader of online communities of fans including Nerdfighteria, as well as a co-host of an annual fundraiser for Project for Awesome. He's also passionate about public health. Green is a member of the board of trustees for Partners in Health and posts regular videos about it.A trip to Sierra Leone in west Africa got Green interested in tuberculosis. Now he's written a book about that ancient disease: Everything Is Tuberculosis: The History and Persistence of Our Deadliest Infection.There are more characters than numbers in the book – from Henry, the charismatic young man John met who appears throughout the story, to the thin and pale women who once made people perceive TB as sexy (really). The book brings a star quality to an often-forgotten infection. Green hopes he can focus the attention of his dedicated audience on this leading global killer. His work to bring attention to TB comes at a dire time, as the incidence of drug-resistant TB grows and the U.S. government slashes funding for global TB care and research.In this episode of One World, One Health, John Green chats with host Maggie Fox about the book, why he wrote it, and what he hopes its publication will accomplish.

Learn about the craft of scissor making and the artisans who excel at it from the owner of luxury scissor purveyor Ciselier.

Spiritualism's Place, Episode #1 of 4: Enjoy this re-release of our episode on Kate and Maggie Fox, the "founders" of Spiritualism. Averill wrote this episode in preparation for writing about the Fox sisters in Chapters 2 & 3 of Spiritualism's Place. This time around, you can listen for the context and history that didn't make it into the book! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

All Bones Considered: Laurel Hill Stories #067, Part 2 Spiritualism was a belief system that involved communication with the dead.  Philadelphia gentleman Adam Seybert was a true believer and wanted others to believe.  He left money in his will to establish a department at Penn to prove his point.  The committee was headed by Shakespearean scholar Horace Howard Furness and featured many Philadelphia notables.  The real fun started when they interviewed Maggie Fox, one of the founders of spiritualism.   Researched and read by Patricia Rose

No one wants to be exposed to air pollution. No one wants to raise their kids breathing in polluted air in their own neighborhoods.But in Austin, Texas, people of color are disproportionately forced to do both.Dr. Sarah Chambliss, a research associate in the Department of Population Health at Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, led a team that ran a study of who is being affected by air pollution in Austin, neighborhood by neighborhood.They found that while Austin has relatively little of the heavy industry traditionally linked with air pollution, it's got plenty of polluted air. And the people living in the worst affected neighborhoods were far more likely to be Black or Latino(a) than White, they report in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.It's not just unpleasant. People living in polluted areas are much more likely to end up in emergency rooms for asthma attacks. That's expensive for everyone because in the United States hospitals must treat people coming to emergency rooms in distress and those costs are passed along to taxpayers as well as to health insurers – who pass along those expenses to customers.Aside from hurting people of color more than others, air pollution is costing everyone –in this case, residents of Austin– a lot of money, Chambliss tells One World, One Health host Maggie Fox. Listen as Chambliss explains what else she and her team found, and what can be done to address the problem.

An estimated 7.7 million people die from bacterial infections a year around the world. A growing number of these deaths are caused by bacteria that have developed antibiotic resistance – the ability to thrive in the face of antibiotics. This ability of germs to defy the effects of drugs is called antimicrobial resistance, or AMR. But why wait to treat these infections after they've happened? It's far better to prevent them from happening in the first place. Dr. Joseph Lewnard, an associate professor of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health at the University of California Berkeley, is studying ways to prevent infections. Vaccines, better hygiene and sanitation, clean water, and proper and careful use of antibiotics and antivirals can all play a role. Many governments have done far too little to protect their citizens from infections, Lewnard says. “This has not necessarily been a shining success story,” he says in this episode of One World, One Health. He helped write one of a series of papers in the Lancet medical journal looking at the problem of drug-resistant superbugs. The numbers are significant. “Improving infection prevention and control in healthcare facilities including better hand hygiene and more regular cleaning and sterilization of equipment, could save up to 337,000 lives a year,” they write. They estimated that clean water and sanitation could save another quarter million lives each year.“Access to improved sanitation facilities (defined as toilets that are not shared with other households and are connected to piped sewer systems or septic tanks) reduces diarrhea incidence by 47 percent,” they point out. Listen as Dr. Lewnard explains some of the other findings to One World, One Health host Maggie Fox.  Learn more about the struggle to control drug-resistant bacteria, viruses, and fungi in some of our other episodes. We've spoken with experts about how vaccines can help prevent the spread of drug-resistant germs, about tracking superbugs in sewage, and the surprising rise of drug-resistant fungi. Experts in drug design have talked to us about the search for new and better antibiotics and how these little organisms are winning an arms race against us. Filmmakers have told us about how storytelling can help people understand the threat while global health specialists explained that good stewardship can keep the antibiotics we have working as they should. We've even investigated superbug mysteries, like the case of the killer eyedrops. 

Leah, Kate, and Maggie Fox bring their extraordinary gift of communicating with spirits to Freshwater. Dorothy Gale, a wheelchair-using pop-punk musician, has her Kansas life uprooted by a magical tornado, transporting her to the whimsical land of Oz! Writer: Monet Hurst-Mendoza Voice-Over Artists: Rebecca Cunningham and Melissa Victor Producer: Chad Chenail Executive Producer: Rebecca Cunningham Links for the Grownups! Personalized Stories Join the Ghost Tour Club! Girl Tales Events Patreon Girl Tales Store Rebecca's Newsletter Facebook Instagram Buy the Girl Tales Team a Coffee Starglow Media

In this episode we talk with library Programming Manager Maggie Fox about the 2024 Summer Reading program for children and adults, running the months of June and July. We explore the value of summer reading, methods to achieve your summer reading goals, and how to participate! We are using ReadSquared to Summer Reading. Here is a short tutorial video to teach you how to use it! Learn more on our website: https://www.plano.gov/939/Summer-Reading

  Please hit subscribe and leave a positive comment. Click here to go to our Patreon Page. Click here to go to our website. Click here to save on clothing and home goods. Click here to see Joe's book.   Since the beginning of recorded time, man has claimed to be able to communicate with the spirit world. However, it would not be until the heyday of the Spiritualist movement that he would begin claiming to do so as an everyday occurrence. That particular movement was founded by two young girls, Kate and Maggie Fox, who established a way to communicate with a ghost. They used a series of knocks and raps that answered “yes” and “no” and eventually assigned a code for letters of the alphabet. In this way, they were able to spell out longer and more detailed messages.   As Spiritualism grew in popularity, those with an interest began to establish what were called “home circles”, small groups of friends and family members who would gather around and attempt to communicate with spirits. They experimented with the knocking and rapping sounds and later with Table Tilting, which was accessible to everyone and no professional mediums were needed. The knockings and rappings of the early movement continued to spread in other directions as ordinary people began experimenting with their own skills as mediums. Soon, the tiresome and time-consuming method of knocking and tipping tables began to fall out of fashion and so mediums began a new form of contact called “automatic writing”. While practiced almost solely by spirit mediums, it still became very popular at séances as a direct line to the spirit world.   The open circle When Vince, now 30, was a child, one of his friends goaded him into playing with a Ouija board in his basement. Young Vince didn't expect anything out of the ordinary to happen, so he went along with it. Once they started to play, however, the lights began to flicker, the air around them grew cold, and a spirit began to communicate with them through the board. The spirit spelled out a Russian name and claimed he had been murdered.   “We took a break to make some pizza rolls,” Vince says, “but we forgot to close the circle when we were done.” (If you're new to Ouija board stories, that's a giant no-no!) “After returning to the basement, the energy was much heavier, and books and things were sprawled out on the floor.” And yet, the board remained perfectly still in the center of the room, just how they had left it. “Upon looking at a mirror that we had nearby, the eye of the Ouija board was moving sporadically in its reflection.”   Solo play Most people play with a Ouija board in groups, or at least with one other person. But Ossiana wanted to try to use it on her own. She put her hands on the pointer and asked questions, but nothing happened. She took her hands off of the pointer and was about to put the game away when the planchette began to move around on its own. “I'll never try that again,” says the 30-year-old from New Jersey. In 1933, Dorothea Turley and her 15 year-old daughter, Mattie, were convicted of the murder their husband and father. On the witness stand, Mattie stated how the Ouija board, which had been directed by her mother, had told her that it was all right to kill her father so that her mother could marry "cowboy". Mattie later killed him with a shotgun. The jury determined that the crime had more to do with insurance money and Dorothea's lover than a Ouija board and Dorothea went to prison and Mattie for reform school, where she stayed until she was 21. Her mother was released on an appeal three years after the original trial.  

It's hotter and wetter than usual in Brazil, and climate conditions are driving an early blast of a killer virus – dengue. The mosquito-borne virus is spreading earlier than ever before and affecting far more parts of the country than usual – and all at once.Dengue's a nasty virus. It causes pain so severe that it's sometimes called breakbone fever. Patients often feel nauseated, develop rashes, and vomit blood. The most severe cases can cause internal bleeding. There's no specific treatment – just fluids and rest, and watching out for signs of shock, which can kill patients within hours.Dengue is unusual because there are four different types, known as serotypes. The first infection is often mild, but people are not immune to the other three serotypes after that first time. The second time someone gets infected, they are more likely to become seriously ill – a phenomenon called antibody-dependent enhancement. Sometimes a vaccine can cause this effect.Brazilian authorities are keeping this in mind as they rush to roll out vaccines to fight this unusually early and widespread epidemic of dengue, says Dr. André Siqueira, principal investigator at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas at Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, also known as FioCruz, in Rio de Janeiro.There are nowhere near enough vaccines yet – only six million doses this year, enough to protect just three million people with the two-dose regimen. Brazil's population is more than 200 million.Researchers at Brazil's Butantan Institute are working to develop a new vaccine that should protect people with just one dose and, they hope, will protect against all four serotypes of dengue.Dr. Siqueira is part of the team working on that new vaccine. Listen as he explains to One World, One Health host Maggie Fox why dengue is so bad in Brazil this year and what he and colleagues are doing to control it.

Peggy Lillis wasn't expecting trouble when her dentist prescribed antibiotics after she had a root canal in 2010. It was a standard, just-in-case treatment to prevent infections after the procedure.She also wasn't worried when she developed diarrhea soon afterward. The kindergarten teacher assumed she'd caught a bug from one of her young students.But within just a few days, the previously healthy 56-year-old was dead – a victim of Clostridioides difficile or C. diff. These bacteria are common but can grow out of control when antibiotics or other factors deplete the healthy microbes living in the intestines – the microbiome.Patients can suffer severe diarrhea, a distortion of the colon known as megacolon, and sepsis as the infection spreads to the bloodstream. It's painful and can be hard to treat.About one out of every six patients who get C. diff will get it again in the following two months, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says. Such infections kill 1 out of 11 people over the age of 65 who develop a C. diff infection in the hospital.It's a One Health problem, as the bacteria spread globally.Antibiotics are not always effective in treating C. diff. because these bacteria thrive when the natural population of microbes is killed off. Instead, many doctors are turning to treatments that can replace the healthy microbiome. These can include fecal microbiota transplants (FMTs), also known as poop transplants, or therapies that more directly replace the “good” microbes.Peggy Lillis' sons, Christian and Liam, didn't want her death to have been in vain, so they founded the Peggy Lillis Foundation to advocate for awareness of C. diff, public policy to fight it, and for better treatments.Christian Lillis says he will never get over losing his mother to C. diff.  “It remains the worst thing that has ever happened to me,” he tells One World, One Health host Maggie Fox. In this episode, Lillis tells us about this dangerous repercussion of the misuse and overuse of antibiotics, the need for new treatments, and what survivors and family members can do to take action against C. diff.

There's a virus that infects just about every adult. It's passed by skin-to-skin contact – most often during sexual intercourse. It's the human papillomavirus (HPV for short). It often doesn't show any symptoms, and at times the infection resolves on its own.  It can cause warts, but more ominously, HPV is the single biggest cause of cervical cancer. It's also a factor in common cancers of the head and neck, as well as cancers of the anus and penis. It's the main reason most adult women must undergo regular Pap smears, which work well to catch the changes that can lead to cancer while still treatable. But there's no Pap smear for the mouth and throat, and none for the anus or penis either.  So the invention of a vaccine that prevents cancers caused by HPV should have people running to get it. It has been proven very safe and effective. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, infections with the strains of HPV that cause cancers and genital warts have dropped 88 percent in vaccinated teen girls, and 81 percent among vaccinated young women.While vaccination has focused on girls, boys and men suffer from and spread this infection. A study in the Lancet Global Health found nearly a third of men and boys over the age of 15 are infected with at least one genital strain of HPV and one in five have a cancer-causing type.Studies show that the earlier teens get the vaccine against HPV, the better it protects them. But people are resisting it. Dr. Grace Ryan, assistant professor of population & quantitative health sciences at the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, is looking at why people are hesitant to use this life-saving vaccine, and at how to get people to better understand its benefits.In this episode of One World, One Health, Dr. Ryan chats with host Maggie Fox about what she's found about HPV vaccine hesitancy.

Air pollution is a big killer, a culprit in 6.7 million deaths a year. It's also depressing to live in a polluted area, and not simply for aesthetic reasons. Many people don't even know they are being exposed to some types of invisible air pollution.A team of researchers in California recently linked air pollution to depression during and after pregnancy. That's dangerous to both mothers and their babies, explains Dr. Jun Wu, the team's principal investigator and a Professor of Environmental and Occupational Health at the University of California Irvine.Mothers with postpartum depression have a higher risk of suicide and of harming their babies. Babies of mothers with postpartum depression themselves risk emotional and cognitive damage.The UC Irvine team found that air pollution shows up in some surprising places as well. Listen as Dr. Wu chats with One World, One Health host Maggie Fox about what her team found and what it means for our health.

In Gaza, thousands have been killed, tens of thousands injured, and hundreds of thousands more are without shelter, clean water, or medical care.“You have these horrible, horrible scenes playing out in many places,” says Avril Benoit, executive director of Medecins Sans Frontieres-USA, also known as MSF or Doctors Without Borders in English.Humanitarian groups such as Doctors Without Borders have called for an immediate ceasefire between Israel and Hamas so they can help innocent and helpless civilians caught in the conflict in Gaza.People in Gaza are suffering horrific injuries, and without antibiotics and even the most basic of medical supplies, they are likely to develop deadly infections. The filthy and crowded conditions are helping the spread of diarrhea and respiratory disease. People are also developing skin infections such as scabies, and they've had to abandon treatment for day-to-day conditions from diabetes and high blood pressure to cancer chemotherapy.MSF is struggling to help the people of Gaza, Benoit tells One World, One Health host Maggie Fox in this episode. While Gaza is, understandably, grabbing the headlines, more than six million Sudanese people are displaced and fighting malaria and malnutrition, while avoiding violence and slaughter. Rohingya refugees from Myanmar are living in unbearable conditions in the world's largest refugee camp in Bangladesh. Refugees are fleeing conflict in Ukraine and Syria as well. “We are really stretched very thin,” Benoit says. “Syria has fallen off our radar.”Listen as Benoit talks about the horrors that conflict rain on populations, and the enduring effects that persist long after the bombs and shooting stop.

Who reminds an HIV-positive pregnant woman to take her vitamins and the drugs that will protect her baby from infection? Who explains to fearful parents that COVID-19 vaccines will protect them and their children from the disease? Who shows people how to wash their hands properly so they don't spread germs to themselves and others? In many countries across the globe it's community health workers like Margaret Odera of Nairobi, Kenya. Margaret, herself an HIV-positive mother who has managed to ensure her husband and children remain uninfected, works day and night to keep her community safe, too. Yet she feels undervalued and underpaid. She's become an advocate for community health workers like herself – most of whom are women, and many untrained and either underpaid or unpaid.Listen as Margaret tells One World, One Health host Maggie Fox what she does in her work for the community, and how training and better pay are needed for her and others in her trade to promote health both locally and globally. 

Vaccines are lifesavers. Childhood vaccines save 4 million lives every year, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. And it turns out vaccines don't just save lives by directly preventing disease. They can save lives by reducing the rise of drug-resistant pathogens (mostly bacteria and viruses). This is because people who are vaccinated are less likely to get sick and to get treated either appropriately or inappropriately with antibiotics and antiviral drugs. And less use of these valuable drugs means less opportunity for germs to develop resistance to them. The One Health Trust set out to quantify just how well vaccination could reduce the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance or drug-defying germs.   The latest report from the One Health Trust pulls together a variety of studies showing the impact of vaccines not only on drug resistance but also on economies, especially in low- and middle-income countries.   Some highlights:  A typhoid vaccination campaign for infants could prevent more than 53 million cases of drug-resistant typhoid in low- and middle-income countries over 10 years. A successful rotavirus vaccination program in Africa and Asia could prevent more than 13 million cases of diarrhea that otherwise would be treated with antibiotics – reducing opportunities for bacteria to evolve resistance to those drugs. In Indonesia alone, vaccinating 50% of eligible people with pneumococcal vaccine over five years could save more than US$2 million in costs related to treatment failure.   One Health Trust Fellow and Director of Partnerships, Dr. Erta Kalanxhi, led the team that put together the report. Listen as she chats with One World, One Health host Maggie Fox about how vaccines can prevent the rise of drug-resistant bacteria and viruses. 

Bird flu is terrifying. Although avian influenza only rarely infects people, when it does, it kills half or more of them. For the past 25 years, the number one avian influenza threat has been highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza. Like other influenza A viruses, it gets its name from the two important components of the virus – the hemagglutinin, or H designation, and the neuraminidase, or N. Less important than the name is what the virus has been doing. Tens of millions of birds around the world have been infected, from poultry to wild migrating birds, and H5N1 is making friends with other viruses. These virus "friendships" help the germs evolve. And the new versions of H5N1 are popping up in unexpected places. It was recently detected in Antarctica. It's also infecting new animals, including sea lions, foxes, and otters. Dr. Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran, Associate Professor in the School of Public Health at Hong Kong University and head of the university's Pathogen Evolution Lab, has been studying the startling changes in H5N1. In this episode of One World, One Health, he chats with host Maggie Fox about his team's most recent findings and what they mean for global efforts to control H5N1 bird flu.

Drug-defying superbugs can be found in manure, soil, the ocean, and especially in sewers.  These places are sources of infection, but they also provide a way to keep an eye on which drug-resistant germs are where – and how much they are changing. The World Health Organization encourages mapping all of the places drug-resistant organisms are popping up, and what kind of organisms there are. “If no action is taken, AMR (antimicrobial resistance) could cost the world's economy US$ 100 trillion by 2050,” WHO says. Windi Muziasari, PhD, became passionate about tracking these deadly germs while doing postdoctoral research at the University of Helsinki in Finland. The Indonesian-born scientist founded her own company to do this mapping for governments, communities, and companies. As Founder and CEO of ResistoMap, Muziasari has looked for drug-resistant microbes in agricultural runoff, in hospitals, under city streets, among wildlife, and elsewhere in dozens of countries. The hope is to act as an early warning system so that companies, governments, and others can do something about the problem. “Almost everywhere is polluted,” she tells us on the One World, One Health podcast. Listen as Windi Muziasari tells host Maggie Fox about how and why she got started and what she's learned since launching ResistoMap.  

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are very, very common. One million people get infected with an STI every day, according to the World Health Organization. Many are easy to treat with antibiotics, or should be. These include gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia. Like nearly all bacterial infections, they can and have begun to evolve resistance to antibiotics. The threat: these infections may again become untreatable, as they were in the days before antibiotics.Sex workers have a very high risk of catching these infections.So if sex workers have a higher risk of sexually transmitted infections, shouldn't they get specialized treatment? It sounds like a good idea, says Salome Manyau, PhD, a researcher in the Department of Global Health and Development and the Faculty of Public Health and Policy at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.But things haven't always worked out the way global health nonprofits and medical experts thought they would. Dr. Manyau spent months living among sex workers in Harare, Zimbabwe, and what she discovered may surprise many. It's not so easy to just tell people to practice safe sex, and focusing treatments on one particular group of people can cause unexpected problems.Listen as she tells One World, One Health host Maggie Fox what she found out in her research on antibiotic use among some of the most stigmatized people in the world. 

Malaria is an ancient killer and it's one that keeps outwitting humanity at every turn. It took centuries for people to figure out it was spread by mosquitoes. It evolved resistance to the drugs used to treat it and we developed new ones. It's made comebacks thanks to climate change in places that got rid of the disease before by cleaning out mosquitoes. And now, the parasites that cause malaria have evolved resistance to the newest treatments – drugs based on artemisinin. Worse, that resistance is spreading and has emerged in Africa, the continent with the most malaria cases. COVID created a double whammy, not only killing people directly but also raising the death rate from malaria, as people got the symptoms mixed up or simply avoided going to clinics for treatment, says Karen Barnes, a professor of pharmacology and Founding Director of the Collaborating Centre for Optimising Antimalarial Therapy at the University of Cape Town in South Africa.  Professor Barnes has been working for 20 years to coordinate better treatments for malaria as Director of the Pharmacology Scientific Group for the World Wide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN) and Co-chair of the South African Malaria Elimination Committee. She's also the coordinator of an EU-funded consortium to help countries in eastern and southern Africa tackle malaria drug resistance called MARC SE-Africa (Mitigating Antimalarial Resistance Consortium for South-East Africa). She says it's vital to improve treatments by combining drugs more effectively to catch the parasite at various stages of its life cycle in the body. And, of course, new and better drugs are needed to fight malaria. Listen as Professor Barnes explains the problem and possible solutions to One World, One Health host Maggie Fox.   You can hear more about malaria from One World, One Health here.

Meat is never cheap – not in terms of the cost of raising animals for meat, or in terms of the impact on the environment. And now science has clearly shown that the way people use antibiotics in their flocks and herds can feed the rise of antimicrobial resistance. But antibiotics are so very useful, and in many countries, they are just “part of the furniture,” says Clare Chandler, PhD, a medical anthropologist who leads the Anthropology of Antimicrobial Resistance research group at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. It's impossible to figure out how to help people stop overusing antibiotics without first understanding all the reasons they are doing it, Chandler says. In this episode of One World, One Health, Chandler describes how some people who were never traditionally farmers are raising meat small scale as a business venture. This economic drive to raise livestock is entangled with the idea that eating meat demonstrates wealth and status. Listen as Chandler tells host Maggie Fox how experts can't simply tell people to stop feeding antibiotics to their livestock. 

Dr. Henry Skinner thought he had a winning new antibiotic – perhaps even more than one – when he was CEO of a small biotech company called SelectX Pharmaceuticals. But like so many other companies working to develop new antimicrobial drugs, it went bust.Skinner learned a fair bit from that experience. Many people working in antibiotics become “gun-shy,” he says, or simply get burned out. But he's taken those hard lessons and is using them as CEO of the AMR Action Fund. AMR stands for antimicrobial resistance – the inevitable ability of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites to acquire resistance to antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitic drugs. AMR Action Fund has one billion US dollars to invest in labs willing to take the gamble and develop new antibiotics.The organization has also collaborated with the BBC on a documentary, “Race Against Resistance,” to tell the story of antimicrobial resistance and its effects on people.Listen as Dr. Skinner chats with One World, One Health host Maggie Fox about lessons learned and the value of telling the story of antimicrobial resistance.

Humans developed antibiotics in the 20th century.  These wonder drugs defeat killer microbes and have revolutionized medicine, making surgeries and treatments like chemotherapy much safer. Unfortunately, people are overusing and misusing antibiotics, helping bacteria learn how to defend themselves against these lifesaving drugs.Antimicrobial resistance is one of the top 10 global health threats. Drug-resistant microbes directly killed nearly 1.3 million people in 2019 – more than breast cancer, for example. The World Health Organization predicts they'll kill as many as 10 million people a year by 2050 if humanity doesn't act.Can we take action to control the drug resistance these germs continuously build up,  and can we develop new and better drugs for our arsenal against these killer bacteria?Dr. Manica Balasegaram hopes so. As Executive Director of The Global Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership, he's working to encourage the development of better antibiotics that target the infections that affect people the most – and then to get them to the people who most need them.Listen as Manica chats with One World, One Health host Maggie Fox about the ways he hopes to help solve this life-or-death problem.

When COVID-19 started spreading around the world, many groups of indigenous people knew just what to do. They retreated into the forests they knew so well, an isolation practice that had helped their forebears survive countless other outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics.But their survival skills didn't stop there. Away from modern methods of food production, they turned to their knowledge of local, traditional foods to stay comfortable and healthy.Dr. Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo, a public health researcher at the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, studies indigenous groups such as the Shawi people in the Amazonian region of Peru and the Irula and Kurumba communities in Tamil Nadu, India. During the pandemic, she found that these groups made good use of their skills and knowledge that had been passed down orally over generations to get through the pandemic. She says these skills will help them survive the effects of climate change and other disasters as well.Many indigenous communities applied the One Health approach – acknowledging the interconnectedness of the health of the environment, animals, and humans – in their way of life before the term was coined. In this episode of One World, One Health, Dr. Zavaleta-Cortijo chats with host Maggie Fox about what she's learned from these indigenous groups, and what all of us can learn from them about resilience and protecting our planet. 

Maggie Fox finally finds her calling at the Seneca Falls Convention. This episode contains Adult Language.  ~~~ All 9 episodes will be available for free, but QCODE+ subscribers get early, uninterrupted access to new episodes. Learn more at https://qcodemedia.com/qcodeplus. ~~~ Produced by Criminal Content and distributed by QCODE. Starring Carey Mulligan, Phoebe Tonkin, Mckenna Grace, and Christina Brucato. Directed by Shawn Christensen. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Join Coach Aaron and Coach Jenn on The S.L.I.D.E. Podcast, as they celebrate reaching Episode 25 of Season 2 with special guests Alexia Jorge and Maggie Foxx! Maggie, a groundbreaking female catcher in the male-dominated world of baseball, shares her experience breaking through the barriers and encouraging young girls to pursue their dreams fearlessly. Among the witty banter, the speakers explore how a women's baseball league could provide a platform for driven female athletes. There's discussion of mental skill training programs and strategies for calling pitches, while the guests even share their walkout songs if they were a batter. Join these experts on the diamond and discover what they have learned through a lifetime of playing and coaching America's pastime. Catch The S.L.I.D.E. Podcast now! Alexia Jorge @alexiajorge_26 on instagram Maggie Foxx @mtfoxx42 on instagram [00:00:02] Normalizing Women in Baseball [00:03:08] Overcoming Fear of Joining Adult Leagues [00:06:41] Sports talk and age guessing games [00:10:33] Interview with Female Baseball Catchers [00:14:23] Female catcher and breaking barriers in baseball [00:17:28] Breaking barriers in women's baseball [00:20:53] Dedication of the USAA Women's Baseball Team [00:24:25] Maggie's Love for Baseball and Catching Tips [00:27:54] Baseball vs Softball: Differences, Challenges, and Anecdotes [00:31:25] Women's vs Mixed Gender Sports and Pitch Clock [00:34:59] Baseball's new rule and guest Maggie Fox [00:38:13] Female Baseball Player's Future Goals and Endeavors [00:41:26] Coaching and Mental Skills Training in Baseball [00:44:45] Catcher Strategy and Baseball Anecdotes [00:48:00] Pitching Strategies and Techniques in Softball [00:50:58] Catching in Baseball Evolves and Memories [00:54:05] Catcher-pitcher relationship at different levels [00:57:16] Importance of catchers and pre-game hype [01:00:39] Guests Discuss Daily Workwear and Accessorizing [01:04:25] Guests' Walkout Songs and Keeping in Touch [01:07:57] Gratitude and Introduction of Guests Please email us for any questions or feedback. Help us grow!!! TheSlidePodcastShow@gmail.com Make sure to go leave us a review!!!! Website: www.theslidepodcastshow.com Https://linktr.ee/theslidepodcastshow Facebook: @theslidepodcast Instagram: @theslidepodcastshow TikTok: @theslidepodcastshow Twitter: @theslidepod LinkedIn: @theslidepodcastshow #baseball #womeninbaseball #catchers #sports #softball #USAbaseball #podcast #podcasting #youthsports #womeninsports #athletes #coaching #mentalskills #pitching #hitting #drip #walkoutsongs #podcastrecommendations #catchyouontheslide

Leah confronts her devious little sisters, Katie and Maggie Fox, who have cast a spell over the town... and brought their family to the brink of madness. This episode contains Adult Language.  ~~~ All 9 episodes will be available for free, but QCODE+ subscribers get early, uninterrupted access to new episodes. Learn more at https://qcodemedia.com/qcodeplus. ~~~ Produced by Criminal Content and distributed by QCODE. Starring Carey Mulligan, Phoebe Tonkin, Mckenna Grace, and Christina Brucato. Directed by Shawn Christensen. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Taurus season, you say? It's gonna be May? Just in time for May the 4th/Alanna's sister's birthday, we brought you the paranormal families that really were all about the sisters!! The Bangs sisters' spiritualism shows could have been called the Sisterhood of the Travelling Precipitated Art. Which was only one of the ways they showcased their attunement to the spirit world, but was one of the most impressive too. Think pictures whose eyes follow you about the room, and then some! No spoilers. Alanna brings it home with the Fox sisters, who were born in her home province! Then they moved to New York and became known for their Rochester rappings. Not the 8 mile kind, the knocks from beyond kind. The rest is all psychic slate reading, Dr. Funk, and who wants to marry a millionaire?...We really can't make this shit up. Promo of the Week!! @Misty_Mysteries https://linktr.ee/misty_mysteries https://castlesandcryptidspod.squarespace.com/ Tags: Fox sisters, Spiritualism, Arthur Conan Doyle, Bangs Sisters, Mediums, Precipitated paintings, Kate Fox, Maggie Fox, Mary Bangs, Elizabeth Bangs

Consumption. The White Plague. Scrofula. Tuberculosis (TB) has been known by so many names over the ages, and those names reflect just how long it's been around and just how misunderstood it's been. It's killed kings and generals, playwrights, and poets.TB still sickens 10 million people every year and kills 1.5 million – even though it's easily prevented and can be treated. It's unusual because it needs to be treated even if the person infected has no symptoms at all.And even though it's an ancient disease, TB keeps evolving into new and ever more unpleasant forms. Now, multi-drug-resistant (MDR) TB infects half a million people around the world each year, according to the World Health Organization. A third of these MDR TB infections go undetected, and that means there are tens of millions of people who do not get the treatment they need and who can go on to infect others.Dr. Jeffrey Tornheim has been studying ways to test people to quickly and easily tell if they've got a drug-resistant form of TB infection and need special medications to treat it right away. Quick information can help stop the spread of these dangerous forms of the infection and can ensure that patients and health professionals don't waste time, money, and medicine with the wrong treatments. In this episode of One World One Health, Dr. Tornheim, Assistant Professor of Medicine and Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, as well as at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, chats with host Maggie Fox about why TB is so hard to fight and how genomics can make that fight a little easier.

Three full years into the COVID-19 pandemic and the world still doesn't have a firm answer about where the virus came from.People who have been studying coronaviruses and other viruses for decades say it's overwhelmingly likely the SARS-CoV-2 virus came from animals, just as the 2002-2004 SARS virus did, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome or MERS virus did, as Ebola does, and as most influenza viruses do.But there's no smoking gun- no animal being sold for food that carries the virus and that could conceivably have been the source of the pandemic. And that makes people suspicious and leads to speculation that a laboratory leak from the Wuhan Institute of Virology in China could have been the source.Dr. Felicia Goodrum, professor of immunobiology at the University of Arizona and co-editor-in-chief of the Journal of Virology, argues that the tone of the current debate is harmful and undermines trust in science.“The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse,” she and colleagues wrote in a recent commentary in the Journal of Virology.“COVID-19 has cast a harsh light on the many cracks, fissures, and disparities in our public health system, and the inability to broadly come together to face a colossal crisis and focus on the needs of the most vulnerable,” they wrote.Listen as Dr. Goodrum tells One World, One Health host Maggie Fox about what's at stake.

Just about everyone has had an unpleasant fungal encounter, usually something as simple as athlete's foot, ringworm, or dandruff.But fungal infections can become much more dangerous and even deadly, especially in people whose immune systems are damaged by another infection such as HIV, tuberculosis, or even COVID-19. Mold species such as aspergillus are in the air all the time and when breathed in by someone whose immune system is damaged, they can cause an infection known as aspergillosis. Another infection, candida auris, spreads in hospitals and can kill. More than 300 million people have such infections and 1.5 million die from them, according to recent estimates.In this episode, Dr. David Denning, a retired professor of infectious diseases, global health, and medical mycology at Wythenshawe Hospital and the University of Manchester, chats with One World, One Health host Maggie Fox about the threat of fungal diseases, especially as people alter their environments.Denning is the founding president, executive director, and chief executive of Global Action For Fungal Infections (GAFFI), which focuses on the global impact of fungal disease.Listen as Dr. Denning describes the need for new, resistance-busting medications to fight fungal infections, better testing to diagnose them, and better awareness of the threat.

Helping someone less fortunate feels good, right?  But when people from rich countries show up in low- and middle-income countries dispensing goodwill and largesse, their efforts may, at best, be too little and, at worst, could do harm. Dr. Kirk Scirto, a family practice physician in Buffalo, New York, has devoted more than two decades to trying to help others through global health promotion and studying which methods are best for that work. What he's found may surprise many people. In his book, Doing Global Health Work, he describes how he found it's more important to listen to people than to try to tell them what to do. In some of the poorest parts of the world, he's witnessed that people are perfectly able to help themselves and they have a better understanding of what they need than outside "do-gooders."In this episode of One World, One Health, Dr. Scirto tells host Maggie Fox what he's learned about suitcase medicine and voluntourism and how he's working to help others make a positive impact without doing harm.

When salty water seeps into a freshwater swamp, the resident alligators risk getting sick and have to fend off invading sharks. Can a monkey scientist and a pirate cat help solve the conflict?Dr. Susannah Sandrin, Clinical Professor in Environmental Science & Science Education at Arizona State University helped make sure the science was sound in this episode of the cartoon series The Octonauts: Above & Beyond. It's aimed at young children, but Sandrin says it's important to communicate accurate science to everyone if people are ever to come to grips with the inevitable effects of climate change.Plus, “Everyone responds to goofiness,” Susie says as she chats with One World, One Health host Maggie Fox about her work studying hydrology – the science of water – and studying how best to communicate climate science to kids and adults of all ages.

Infectious diseases are the second leading cause of death worldwide, killing tens of millions of people every year. COVID-19 alone has killed more than 6.8 million people, according to Johns Hopkins University. Drug-resistant superbugs directly kill 1.27 million people a year, according to one recent prominent study.Surely drug companies are all over this potentially lucrative market, with so many diseases to fight and treat?  However, they aren't. The US Food and Drug Administration has not approved a new antibiotic since 2019, and only one truly new antibiotic has been approved since 1987.It's partly because the money just isn't there. Companies making cancer drugs raised about $7 billion in funding in 2020, while companies making antibiotics raised a fraction of that – just $160 million. Plus, it's hard to bring a new drug to market. The National Institutes of Health estimates 90% of experimental drugs never even make it to testing in humans.In this episode, we are chatting with Kevin Outterson, a professor of law at Boston University and the founding Executive Director and Principal Investigator of Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Biopharmaceutical Accelerator or CARB-X, a global nonprofit partnership funded by the U.S., U.K., and German governments; Wellcome; and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Professor Outterson argues that antibiotics should be treated as infrastructure, and companies making new drugs to fight antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, viruses, and fungi –often called superbugs – should be treated as vital government contractors and paid upfront for the work they do that could save tens of millions of lives. Listen as he describes the problem, and potential solutions, with One World, One Health host Maggie Fox.

Lemurs are cute and interesting, and they live in only one place: Madagascar.  As primates, they are related to humans, monkeys, and apes. They are also endangered. Dr. Travis Steffens has wanted to help save lemurs since he was a little boy. On the way to living that dream, he found out that he couldn't save these animals without also helping the people and the environment. His charity, Planet Madagascar,  works to save lemurs and improve the lives of people who live with and near them.In this episode, host Maggie Fox chats with Dr. Steffens, Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology & Anthropology at the University of Guelph. Listen as he describes how lemurs are more than just adorable animals.

Can a picture lie? They can and do – especially when they are used out of context. And photographs and other imagery are regularly abused when it comes to illustrating global health. Available images illustrating disease outbreaks, refugee needs, and even benign public health campaigns routinely show Black and Brown people far more often than they do light-skinned residents of wealthy Western nations. Misery is almost always associated with color.Dr. Esmita Charani of the University of Liverpool and of the Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine at the University of Cape Town, tired of seeing this, did something about it. She and colleagues got the hard data about how public health imagery over-represents the global South. Her work got some attention and sparked some action. The Lancet is now changing the way it uses those images.In this episode of One World, One Health, host Maggie Fox chats with Esmita about how this imbalance happened in the first place, how it's harmful, and what can be done about it.

From Ebola outbreaks in Africa to the spread of mpox and, of course, COVID, a disease that emerges in one place can threaten people the world over. Governments, nonprofit organizations, and pharmaceutical companies all get involved in detecting and fighting these outbreaks, but there's another player that flies under the radar.The US military has to prepare and protect personnel and their families, and they don't keep their work to themselves. Just outside of Washington DC, Ft. Detrick houses a series of laboratories where military and civilian scientists and technicians work together to predict what the next outbreak might be – and to help defend against it.At the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), researchers do the basic science of developing vaccines, diagnostic tests, and treatments for dangerous germs. In this episode, we visit the labs and speak with Dr. John Dye, deputy director of the Foundational Sciences Directorate at USAMRIID, who tells host Maggie Fox about the threats facing the world, and why the US military is involved in fighting them.

In 1848, 14-year-old Maggie Fox and her and 11-year-old sister Kate played a harmless prank on their mother. They convinced her that their house was haunted, and that they could communicate with the ghost. They would ask the spirit questions, and loud knocks would be heard in reply. Within weeks the girls were performing their spirit communication act on stage in front of hundreds of spectators. Over the next forty years, the sisters would swindle thousands of innocent people out of money, and a new religion called Spiritualism would emerge. But how could two little girls fool the entire world for so long? Join me as I tell the incredible story of the Fox Sisters. Contact: barrypirro@yahoo.com Website: http://www.ConnecticutGhostHunter.com Theme song: "Witch" by Barry Pirro copyright

Disease outbreaks are inevitable. Germs are part of our world, and there's no way to completely eradicate them.But epidemics and pandemics are preventable. Vaccines, better treatments, hygiene, improvements in ventilation, and teaching people how diseases spread can all give individuals and communities the tools they need to contain disease outbreaks before they turn into epidemics and pandemics. Trust in public health and in the governments that administer public health measures is key to making them work.In this episode, Dr. Tom Frieden talks to host Maggie Fox about epidemics that were prevented and how they were stopped. Dr. Frieden is the President and CEO of Resolve to Save Lives and a former director of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Imagine catching an infection that could once be cured with a few pills. But the bug causing your infection has evolved, and now that bottle of pills is useless – and even treatment in a hospital, with drugs dripped in through an IV, isn't helping.  With the emergence of drug-resistant superbugs, this terrifying scene is playing out worldwide, but the greatest burden is faced in low- and middle-income countries.These bacteria, viruses, and fungal infections cost lives, money, and effort. And sometimes, money – even a lot of money – cannot help. In this episode of One World, One Health, Dr. Loice Ombajo, Infectious Disease Specialist and Senior lecturer at the University of Nairobi, tells host Maggie Fox about what she and her colleagues are doing to fight these threats.

All humanity relies on forests. Even if you don't live near one, they produce the air you breathe and are a source of food, clean water, wood, and even medicines.But people are destroying forests at an unprecedented rate, and it's hurting not just the forests and the animals and plants in them but also human health. Diseases such as Ebola, hantavirus, Zika, chikungunya, and, yes, Covid, can all be traced to human interaction with animals of the forests.In this episode of One World, One Health, Dr. Paula Prist, Senior Research Scientist at the EcoHealth Alliance, tells host Maggie Fox about how some of these diseases emerge and how damaging forests can hurt all of us.

Two centuries ago, people could die from a simple scratch. It was the pre-antibiotic era when infections killed babies within hours, a cold could turn deadly within days, and people survived injuries through luck alone.Now a pill can prevent strep throat from turning into scarlet fever and antibiotics keep surgery safe. But because bacteria evolve and mutate so quickly, many drugs are powerless against new strains. The world needs new and better antibiotics.In this episode of One World, One Health, Anand Anandkumar, co-founder and chief executive officer of Bugworks, explains what his company is doing to help discover and develop new antibiotics. Antibiotics are not big money makers for pharmaceutical companies, so Bugworks is putting together funding from governments, charities, and a new kind of motivated investor.Listen as Anand Anandkumar tells host Maggie Fox about what his company is trying to do.

In this episode, Dr. Nicholas White of the University of Oxford in the UK and Mahidol University in Thailand tells us how the world is losing ground in the fight against malaria, in no small part because of the emergence of resistance.Malaria is caused by a parasite transmitted by mosquitoes, and these parasites have repeatedly evolved to escape the effects of drug after drug over the decades. Now, Dr. White argues, there's a chance to get out ahead of this resistance. How?Listen as he tells our host Maggie Fox how the parasite manages to evade the effects of drugs and what he thinks needs to be done to stop it from happening yet again.

In this episode, Thomas Van Boeckel tells us about how aquaculture might be helping drive the rise of drug-resistant superbugs around the world.Three-quarters of antibiotics sold globally go to farmed animals. Some of these animals are fish and shrimp.Thomas Van Boeckel studies the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and other drug-resistant microbes at the Department of Environmental Systems Science at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology-- known as ETH Zurich. He's also a visiting fellow at the One Health Trust.People need to pay attention to the use of antibiotics in aquaculture, he says. No one's even measuring it right now, he tells host Maggie Fox.  And the problem in aquaculture is similar to the problem in intensive farming everywhere. Farmers use antibiotics as insurance. “There are so many fish packed in such a small space that there would be a big loss for the fish farmer is he or she loses production so the use is mostly preventive,” he says. “If you have conditions where animals are packed all together—look at this from the perspective of a pathogen.”

In this episode, Dr. Hsu Li Yang chats with our host Maggie Fox about how Singapore managed the COVID-19 pandemic.Singapore is a small country in Southeast Asia, but its experience with the first outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome virus – SARS – in 2003 and 2004 helped prepare leaders there for SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. Dr. Hsu Li Yang, Vice Dean for Global Health and program leader of infectious diseases at the National University of Singapore's Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, lived through the first SARS outbreak and helped fight COVID-19.While restrictions were tight, Dr. Hsu says they worked – and people saw they worked. “Trust currently has never been higher because people could see the success of how the pandemic was managed,” he tells us. What else worked in Singapore?Dr. Hsu Li Yang is an infectious diseases physician who is currently Vice Dean of Global Health at Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS). He is also Associate Director of the Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, a Research Centre of Excellence on biofilms and microbial communities based jointly at Nanyang Technological University and NUS. Although he has been involved in COVID-19 research and education, his primary academic focus is in the area of antimicrobial resistance. He has worked with famed comic book artist Sonny Liew to publish educational comics on both COVID-19 and antimicrobial resistance.  

Spiritualism Series, #1 of 4. The Fox sister's story has been told hundreds of times, in autobiography, newspaper stories, biographies, histories of Spiritualism, Victorian entertainment, women's rights movements, and many other contexts. Today we're going to share some insights into Maggie and Kate Fox's life, how their stories have been told, and why the way we tell these kinds of histories matter. For a complete bibliography and a transcript, visit digpodcast.org Select Bibliography Ann Braude, Radical Spirits: Spiritualism and Women's Rights in Nineteenth Century America (1989) Simone Natalie, Supernatural Entertainments: Victorian Spiritualism and the Rise of Modern Media Culture (Penn State University, 2016) Barbara Weisberg, Talking to the Dead: Kate and Maggie Fox and the Rise of Spiritualism Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Mediums, Clairvoyants, Psychics. You can't turn on TV these days without seeing a reality show where some self-proclaimed "Communicator" is conversing with dead people. Where did this all come from? Well..it all began with two young sisters from the 1840s named Kate and Maggie Fox. The craziest part?  It all started with a prank.    Special Thanks To Our Sponsors: Honey Get Honey for FREE at Joinhoney.com/scoundrel   Wondrium Wondrium is offering our listeners a FREE MONTH of unlimited access. To get this offer you need to visit our special URL: Wondrium.com/scoundrel   The Jordan Harbinger Show Check out jordanharbinger.com/start for some episode recommendations, OR search for The Jordan Harbinger Show.   Talk Space To match with a licensed therapist today, go to Talkspace.com. Make sure to use the code SCOUNDREL​ to ​get $100 off of your first month​ and show your support for the show.      See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Nowadays, the Fox Sisters get a bad rap– but that wasn’t always the case! Lauren tells the tale of Maggie and Kate Fox, two Western New Yorkers who sparked the Spiritualism movement in America by “communicating” with the dead. Later, take a quiz on ghosts! . . . [Music: 1) 8bit Betty, “Spooky Loop,” 2010. Courtesy of 8bit Betty, CC BY-NC 3.0 license; 2) Frau Holle, “Ascending Souls,” 2017. Courtesy of Frau Holle, CC BY-NC 3.0 license.]