Podcasts about hydroxide

In this episode, we sit down with Alex Wylie, CEO of Volt Lithium (TSXV: VLT, OTCQB: VLTLF), to discuss the company's innovative approach to lithium extraction from oilfield brines. Alex shares insights on Volt's low-CAPEX strategy, proprietary technology, and rapid scale-up from pilot projects to commercial operations. With significant opportunities in the Permian Basin, Texas, and expansion plans in North Dakota's Bakken, Volt Lithium aims to become a leading domestic lithium supplier serving the underserved U.S. industrial market. CHAPTERS

In this episode, we sit down again with Keith Coghlan, Executive Chairman of European Metals Holdings, to discuss the latest strategic developments surrounding the Cinovec lithium project in the Czech Republic. Recently designated as a strategic project by both the Czech government and the European Commission, Cinovec is gaining significant momentum. Keith shares insights into what these classifications mean, including streamlined permitting, substantial financial backing, and increased investor confidence. We also dive into the critical role of EMH's partner ČEZ, the company's path toward securing funding from the EU's €2 billion critical minerals fund, and how shifting geopolitical dynamics are shaping the future of lithium supply in Europe. CHAPTERS

Century Lithium CEO Bill Willoughby joined Steve Darling from Proactive to share significant progress with Proactive, revealing the company has entered into a non-binding memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Orica Specialty Mining Chemicals. The MOU sets the groundwork for a formal multiyear offtake agreement, enabling Orica to purchase sodium hydroxide from Century Lithium's Angel Island project near Silver Peak, Nevada. Orica, a global leader in mining and infrastructure solutions, is also a key manufacturer and supplier of specialty mining chemicals to Nevada's mining sector. This collaboration strengthens Century Lithium's integration into the region's mining ecosystem. Willoughby elaborated on the company's innovative and patent-pending process for extracting lithium from the claystone at Angel Island. The method combines chloride leaching with direct lithium extraction, utilizing salt—either as solid sodium chloride or saline brine—to produce reagents for leaching and pH control. Beyond lithium carbonate as the primary product, the process generates surplus sodium hydroxide, which is anticipated to contribute significantly to keeping operating costs low. The initial agreement with Orica spans five years and includes the option for an additional five-year extension under a right-of-first-offer arrangement. This partnership underscores the Angel Island project's potential for not only producing lithium efficiently but also leveraging by-products to create sustainable operational synergies. Century Lithium's progress at Angel Island marks a critical step in the company's mission to deliver cost-effective and innovative solutions to the growing demand for lithium and related chemicals. #proactiveinvestors #centurylithiumcorp #tsxv #lce #otcqx #cydvf #mining #oricaspecialtymining #LithiumExtraction #BatteryTechnology #RenewableEnergy #MiningInnovation #SustainableEnergy #NevadaProjects #ChemicalProcessing #CleanEnergySolutions #ProactiveInvestors

Y.J. 121 Presentation: https://youtu.be/bEHMr2l4GE4   CHAPTERS

Part 2 of our chat with Mr Lithium covers lots of fascinating and forgotten (in WA at least) projects & possibilities for the lithium market. We delve into what sedimentary projects are & what their impact will look like, what to make of this lithium over/under supply debate, whether China can really become the worlds biggest lithium miner & the misconceptions on lithium hydroxide vs carbonate. All Money of Mine episodes are for informational purposes only and may contain forward-looking statements that may not eventuate. The co-hosts are not financial advisers and any views expressed are their opinion only. Please do your own research before making any investment decision or alternatively seek advice from a registered financial professional. Thank you to our Podcast Partners: InvestorHub – The go-to Digital Platform shaking up the Investor Relations industry DSI Underground - Supplier of Ground Support Products to the Mining and Tunnelling industries Terra Capital – Specialist investment manager in the natural resources sector McMahon Mining Title Services (MMTS) – Australia-wide tenement service experts Futureproof Consulting – Specialist mining-industry sustainability consultants providing ESG solutions for miners of all sizes, stages and commodities Anytime Exploration Services – Exploration workers, equipment, core cutting/storage + much more KCA Site Services – Underground mining machine hire for IT's, normet's, trucks and more Brooks Airways – Perth's leading charter flight operators K-Drill – Safe, reliable, and productive surface RC drilling Join our exclusive Facebook Group for the Money Miners and request access to the Hooteroo chat group. Subscribe to our weekly newsletter HOOTEROO HERALD Follow Money of Mine on YouTube Follow Money of Mine on Twitter Follow Money of Mine on LinkedIn Follow Money of Mine on Instagram TIMESTAMPS (0:00:00) Introduction(0:01:11) What is going to save Liontown?(0:06:11) Exxon moving into Oil Field Brines(0:13:45) Is the impact of DLE over or under appreciated?(0:18:28) Sedimentary Lithium - Thacker Pass(0:33:25) Giga Factory capacity in North America(0:36:22) Hydroxide vs Carbonate downstream(0:44:17) Is the Min Res rock only strategy the go-to?(0:49:35) Is Australian downstream ever going to work?

E3 Lithium CEO Chris Doorbos joined Steve Darling from Proactive to share news regarding a major milestone achieved by the company. E3 Lithium has successfully produced battery-quality Lithium Hydroxide Monohydrate (LHM) with a purity level of 99.78%. The process to produce LHM begins with the purification and concentration of lithium concentrate obtained through Direct Lithium Extraction, which leads to the production of lithium carbonate. The purity of the solid LHM is a critical factor for the sale of the product to the battery industry. Generally, a purity level greater than 99.5% is accepted as battery quality. E3 Lithium is actively collaborating with major equipment vendors to develop the downstream refining processes required for a commercial facility. The lithium concentrate produced from the DLE field pilot plant operations will be used for ongoing development and testing of this refining process. Additionally, the company will continue its engineering work to support the completion of a Pre-Feasibility Study on the Clearwater Project. This significant achievement in producing battery-quality LHM underscores E3 Lithium's commitment to advancing its lithium production capabilities and supplying high-purity lithium products to the growing battery industry. The successful production of LHM positions the company as a key player in the lithium sector, with the potential to contribute to the clean energy transition. In summary, under the leadership of CEO Chris Doorbos, E3 Lithium has achieved a major milestone by successfully producing high-purity battery-quality Lithium Hydroxide Monohydrate. This accomplishment aligns with the company's goal of becoming a leading supplier of lithium products to meet the increasing demand driven by the electric vehicle and clean energy sectors. #proactiveinvestors #e3lithiumltd #tsxv #etl #etl #otcqx #eemmf #LithiumProduction #CEOInterview #LithiumResources #BatteryGradeLithium #CleanEnergy #RenewableResources #AlbertaEnergy #LithiumSupply #NorthAmericanLithium #BatteryTechnology #E3LithiumCEO #LithiumMining #EconomicGrowth #SustainableEnergy #MiningIndustry #LithiumInnovation #GreenTech #EcoFriendlySolutions #EnergyTransition #MineralResources #SustainabilityGoals #CleanTech #ResourceExtraction #EnvironmentallyFriendly#invest #investing #investment #investor #stockmarket #stocks #stock #stockmarketnews

Humans are filling the atmosphere with more and more pollution. How does it get out of the air and where does it go? For complex pollutants in the atmosphere, having a bit of hydroxide around helps break it down but where does it come from? Hydroxide can spontaneously generate in droplets but it doesn't seem to need sunlight's or photo-chemistry. Spontaneous generation of hydroxide in water droplets helps clean up our atmosphere. Which trees are best at cleaning up the air around them? From conifers to broad leave trees which help keep our air clean the best? C is for conifer, and their leaves and needles help capture pollution out of the air.  Broadleaf trees are well...broad and this helps them capture lots of air pollution.    References: Kangwei Li, Yunlong Guo, Sergey A. Nizkorodov, Yinon Rudich, Maria Angelaki, Xinke Wang, Taicheng An, Sebastien Perrier, Christian George. Spontaneous dark formation of OH radicals at the interface of aqueous atmospheric droplets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2023; 120 (15) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220228120 H. Pleijel, J. Klingberg, B. Strandberg, H. Sjöman, L. Tarvainen, G. Wallin. Differences in accumulation of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) among eleven broadleaved and conifer tree species. Ecological Indicators, 2022; 145: 109681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109681

Thanks to Curiosity Stream and NordVPN for sponsoring today's podcast.Go to https://curiositystream.com/SPACENUTS and use code SPACENUTS to save 25% off today. Visit www.nordvpn.com/spacenuts for our special security deal designed for you.Space Nuts #352In this episode of Space Nuts, we explore a groundbreaking discovery about how Earth cleans up its own atmosphere, and how it could change the game in mitigating air pollution. But when our host jumps to the wrong planet, we discover stunning new images of Uranus taken by the James Webb Space Telescope and reveal some incredible insights about this mysterious planet. However, our excitement is cut short with a shocking revelation that leaves us wondering, will we ever go back?

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Show Notes: Mass Formation Psychosis and Graphene Oxide/Hydroxide in all 4 Genocidal Vaccines/Covid Psych War/Genomic Warfare being Waged. (Recorded 2022) All program donations to be sent to: $aigner2019(cashapp) or PayPal: https://www.paypal.me/Aigner2019

The lithium market has been on the forefront of this worldwide electrification boom. Lithium's inherent physical qualities make it invaluable to batteries and thus, vital for this major paradigm change. In this interview with Red Cloud Securities' mining analyst, Koby Kushner, we cover the basics of the lithium market: deposit types, production, end products, security of supply and market dynamics heading into 2023. Not unlike the other battery metals, security of supply appears to be the biggest driver of price appreciation. Listen to Kushner overview of the lithium market's state of supply. Enjoy! 0:00 Introduction 0:35 Lithium basics: Deposit types, how they were formed, breakdown of production 2:30 Clay deposits, why aren't any in production? 3:34 Uses for lithium outside of batteries? 4:28 Lithium end products delivered to the battery makers? 4:50 Hydroxide versus carbonate? 6:50 Lithium substitution in the future? 9:17 Security of supply? 10:50 Canada as a jurisdiction for lithium exploration and development 13:10 Direct Lithium Extraction Technology 17:15 Impact of the lithium triangle on the lithium market 18:48 Is there a big difference technologically and economically between the hard rock and brine source of lithium? 22:01 EU's lithium supply? 23:47 Recap the lithium market in 2022 26:05 Could a recession de-rail the lithium market in 2023? 28:40 Where's the best place to track the lithium price? 30:01 Red Cloud Financial Services Offering – Pre-PDAC conference? Red Cloud Securities: https://redcloudsecurities.com/ Junior Stock Review Premium - https://www.juniorstockreview.com/premium-subscript ion/ Sign up for our free newsletter and receive interview transcripts, stock profiles and investment ideas: http://eepurl.com/cHxJ39 This interview was not sponsored. The content found on MiningStockEducation.com is for informational purposes only and is not to be considered personal legal or investment advice or a recommendation to buy or sell securities or any other product. It is based on opinions, SEC filings, current events, press releases and interviews but is not infallible. It may contain errors and MiningStockEducation.com offers no inferred or explicit warranty as to the accuracy of the information presented. If personal advice is needed, consult a qualified legal, tax or investment professional. Do not base any investment decision on the information contained on MiningStockEducation.com or our videos. We may hold equity positions in some of the companies featured on this site and therefore are biased and hold an obvious conflict of interest. MiningStockEducation.com may provide website addresses or links to websites and we disclaim any responsibility for the content of any such other websites. The information you find on MiningStockEducation.com is to be used at your own risk. By reading MiningStockEducation.com, you agree to hold MiningStockEducation.com, its owner, associates, sponsors, affiliates, and partners harmless and to completely release them from any and all liabilities due to any and all losses, damages, or injuries (financial or otherwise) that may be incurred.

Anne-Marie Faiola has created a soapmaking empire with Bramble Berry, a company she founded in 1999 in a 400 square foot space. Today she is CEO, the company has more than 100 employees   With over 60,000 customers, Bramble Berry is THE place to shop online for supplies and kits as well as being a vast educational resource for people getting into the craft of soapmaking or starting their own businesses.    And one of those resources is the Bramble Berry YouTube channel where Anne-Marie posted her first video in 2009 and continues to teach viewers how to make soap, candles, skin care products and more.    Anne-Marie is the author of several soap making books and has been awarded Small Business Person of the Year from the Washington State Small Business Association, Business Woman of the Year by the Washington State Women's Business Owners Association, and a Best Boss in America by Fortune Small Business. This is such a success story and inspiration for anyone just starting out with a small space and a dream to start a business.   Today, talented soapers from all over the world are making absolutely stunning works of art out of lye and oil, largely inspired by Anne-Marie and Bramble Berry.    Bramble Berry on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/soapqueentv  Bramble Berrry website: https://www.brambleberry.com/ 

What type of containers shall we use for olive oil? Do containers need to be new or can we reuse the same containers as they” become impregnated with good olive oil flavors”? What about plastic?

Do you seek balance in your life, or do you go all-in on things you like?I used to think everyone wanted balance, and had a moderate approach to all things in order to maintain that balance across their varied interests. Given that there are only so many hours in a day, it's hard to do all the things we love to do - or even the things we don't want to do!But I have known folks who follow the, 'if it feels good, do it!' mantra and argue that moderation and/or balance is outright silly.But if you look at biological systems, many of the biochemical processes necessary for life occur in very narrow bands or zones. For example, our blood pH (the measure of Hydrogen and Hydroxide ions in our blood) needs to be maintained between about 7.35 and 7.45 pH units. It's confusing, but the pH range is from 0-14, so 0.1 units is a VERY NARROW band within.A more somatic example is temperature. Humans are really comfortable between like 70 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit, but Earth temperatures range between -126 and 136 degrees F. That's a 10 degree band across a range of over 250 degrees. There are even coarser examples like, if you don't eat enough your hungry but if you eat too much you're stuffed.It's sort of 'Goldiloxian', where many biological things fall into a 'just right' zone, outside of which bad things can happen.Here I go beyond those examples to discuss things like climate change and personal growth through the lens of homeostasis.Spoiler alert, I still believe in balance.Please note, I apologize to the video fans, I was unsuccessful at getting the video from this episode, so the YouTube video is audio-only. 

  Vidcast:  https://youtu.be/WLLraWCVLIY   The CPSC and the Madar Corporation are recalling biOrigins Sodium Hydroxide Product.  This product contains the caustic lye sodium hydroxide and must be sold in child-resistant packaging in order to prevent the possibility of chemical burns of the skin, eyes, and, if ingested, the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract.  Thirty packages of this extremely dangerous material were sold via amazon.com.  If you have this products at home, immediately store it out of reach of children.  Contact the Madar Corporation by with a collect phone call at 1-315-537-8102 or via the email pat@madarcorporation.co.uk in order to obtain a full refund and a warning label to place on the package. I would store this material in a lockage container.   https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2022/biOrigins-Sodium-Hydroxide-Products-Recalled-Due-to-Failure-to-Meet-Child-Resistant-Packaging-Requirement-and-Violation-of-FHSA-Labeling-Requirement-Imported-by-Madar-Corporation-Sold-Exclusively-at-Amazon-com-Recall-Alert   #biorigins #naoh #sodiumhydroxide #lye #caustic #burns #children #recall  

Dr. Andreas Noack video https://www.bitchute.com/video/IszzcH0Bkn0E/ Lawsuit filed https://dailyexpose.uk/2021/12/10/uk-team-file-complaint-of-crimes-against-humanity-with-the-international-criminal-court/comment-page-1/#comments SUPER spread these links! View all of the €ensored photos/memes, Banned /ideos, patent do€uments, & more that exposes this s€amdemic! Irrefutable evidence of crimes against humanity: https://photos.app.goo.gl/WuFuWuRPq3iJWXHGA Subscribe to my Bitchute channel: https://www.bitchute.com/WeDoNotConsentWorldwide/ Subscribe to my Rumble channel: https://rumble.com/user/WeDoNotConsent Subscribe to my Lbry/Odysee https://odysee.com/@WeDoNotConsent:f Join the Telegram chat for thousands more banned videos & photos! https://t.me/WeDoNotConsentWorldwide1107 Banned videos! https://photos.app.goo.gl/nDQrmaDCXPT4yi6G9 Tune into my current podcast for poetry the will open anyone's eyes to the plandemi€ and much more! https://open.spotify.com/show/0AUytK8KqxSp7SM9rGPYHL Deplatformed podcast (still in circulation): https://podm8.com/podcasts/we-do-not-consent-worldwide Inspiring photo/video album of the freedom keepers worldwide! https://photos.app.goo.gl/UC7Zi4v7eSkAh1jz9 #FreedomConvoy2022 #TruckersForFreedom https://photos.app.goo.gl/bYb1gqfP8WXWFuvJ6 This is a widely circulated photo/video album of many /a€€ine reactions & deaths: https://photos.app.goo.gl/kizTHbsGVL6W9vXH7 PCR fraud (NOT a tool of diagnosis but DNA analysis) Video interviews of the inventor Kary B. Mullis https://photos.app.goo.gl/kbjz6wKut5UzPq4N No masks and NO jabs! (Dangers of masks/jabs) https://photos.app.goo.gl/Jnv6HeRo5HAW4mJ68 Five Gee (5GDangers.com) https://photos.app.goo.gl/6BXULvcrDBWstftq6 EMF/RF Protection https://photos.app.goo.gl/ZGDGFJChAr47C9xA8 New Woke Order https://photos.app.goo.gl/qBRBBVzrxrWhMebW8 MeWe group “We Do Not Consent Worldwide”! 600+ members (facebook alternative) free speech! https://mewe.com/join/wedonotconsentworldwide MeWe group “We Do Not Consent” 575+ members https://mewe.com/join/wedonotconsent Coldcast profile (facebook alternative) https://coldcast.org/WeDoNotConsent Fas€istbook profile https://m.facebook.com/angelia.kay.90/ Fas€istbook banners! https://photos.app.goo.gl/x995wWYMYMcCtwRb7 Bill Gates (of hell) https://photos.app.goo.gl/eXJCMdo8MqMzjYti8 False flags / crisis actors https://photos.app.goo.gl/SKcCB8q7pUp7fikK9 Protect the children! https://photos.app.goo.gl/Y22ThyiyKxTQZZ7T6 Save Our Children! https://photos.app.goo.gl/n2vkAvfdML7z13Pe7 Hollyweird https://photos.app.goo.gl/taSj3GpcPaA1uThD9 1918 s€amdemic https://photos.app.goo.gl/82emZ9goX6Wkm4nx6 D£POPULAT!ON https://photos.app.goo.gl/hvSPecCRXyfEszhc7 €ORRUPT!ON https://photos.app.goo.gl/vPVCgDX2un19VgME6 Wake the flock up! https://photos.app.goo.gl/5C6No6RPs5Umeo9g7 Lu€iferase https://photos.app.goo.gl/Th1uWvHfyhuJ19m97 Illuminati Card Games (1990s card game) https://photos.app.goo.gl/RtuShdQMotgG75KT9 The Firmament (NasaFraud.com) https://photos.app.goo.gl/tMA5ZvDqUwfUVNAp7 CGI (computer generated images) cartoonvirus https://photos.app.goo.gl/J6QCbmh2FdgjpiT69 Holistic Healing (Natural Remedies) https://photos.app.goo.gl/jqHyffZyhEDfhst9A Common Law / Sovereignty https://photos.app.goo.gl/a1ZewBYav3uL89BH7 (Me) Artist, Poet, Entrepreneur, Activist https://photos.app.goo.gl/5rLAx1sf5n4NFi4P6 Thank you for supporting my work on Venmo & CashApp! Venmo: http://www.venmo.com/AngeliaKay CashApp: $Angelia617

Dr. Pablo Madrid had recently done a micro Ramen spectroscopy study of the vaxxine and discovered that the graphene detected in the vaxx was not graphene oxide but rather graphene hydroxide which is an extremely stable molecule and is not biodegradable. He describes these molecules as the sharpest imaginable objects because they are only one atom layer thick. It is a huge molecule that is extremely sharp. In other words, these molecules in the vaxx behave like nano razors that cut the epithelial lining of recipients veins which he believes is a cause of blood clots and the sudden deaths observed in so many top athletes lately. He says it's a case of "Russian Roulette." This happens when the syringe administering the intramuscular injection inadvertently pierces a vein allowing the graphene hydroxide to enter the bloodstream.  www.freedomfromaddiction.libsyn.com. 

Remember the Las Vegas shooting? It's impressive if you do, because bizarrely, it's not something the press or the government ever wants to talk about. Fifty-nine people died in that shooting, including Stephen Paddock, yet even now four years later we have no motive. Despite taking place at a massive country music concert, there is very little footage of the shooting. Any time they can, the press frames a shooter as motivated by “white supremacy.” But Stephen Paddock was white and they didn't really bother. Other than a quick push to ban bump stocks, there was very little chatter about Vegas. Mindy Robinson joins us to discuss. The left can't admit that their precious vaccines have failed, so they're tripling down and becoming more obsessed than ever with more shots in more arms. If a third dose doesn't cut it, they'll start mandating four. Dr. Ariyana Love of Finland has been one of our leading guests on the question of whether graphene oxide is in these vaccines. She recently shared some upsetting news with us: Dr. Andreas Noack, the German doctor who claims to have found microscopic nano-razors within a vaccine sample, has died, just days after his most recent findings. Dr. Ariyana Love joins us. Karen Kingston joins Stew Peters to discuss a possible HIV Glycoprotein found within the Covid 19 bioweapon.  In the former democracy of Australia we are now seeing large-scale prison camps built in the name of stopping coronavirus. Yes, prison camps being built on what was, once, an entire continent-sized prison colony. Outside the city of Darwin, authorities are running a 2,000-person prison camp at Howard Springs. Mark Aldridge joins us to discuss. Get Dr. Zelenko's Anti-Shedding Treatment, NOW AVAILABLE FOR KIDS: www.zStackProtocol.com Go Ad-Free, Get Exclusive Content, Become a Premium user: https://redvoicemedia.com/premium Follow Stew on social media: http://evrl.ink/StewPeters See all of Stew's content at https://StewPeters.TV Watch full episodes here: https://redvoicemedia.net/stew-full-shows Check out Stew's store: http://StewPeters.shop Support our efforts to keep truth alive: https://www.redvoicemedia.com/support-red-voice-media/ Advertise with Red Voice Media: https://redvoicemedia.net/ads

Just talking about route resection and some calcium Rockside new tips I've just learned

Infinity Lithium: Lithium “hydroxide” is lucrative; US$190m a year profit for 26 years  Listen to ASX-listed Infinity Lithium Managing Director Ryan Parkin talk to Matt Birney on the Bulls N' Bears Report about Infinity's plan to build a lithium hydroxide plant right along side its proposed lithium mine – and the economics are extreme! See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Lepidico (ASX:LPD) is a global lithium exploration and development company with offices in Perth and Toronto. Differentiated by its 100% owned clean-tech L-Max®process technology that extracts lithium and recovers valuable by-products from less contested lithium-mica and phosphate minerals. Lepidico's strategic objective is to become a vertically integrated business, from mine to production of battery grade lithium chemical.In a relatively short period of time, Lepidico has established a global footprint in lithium via projects, joint ventures and alliances in Australia, Canada and Portugal. The Company's shares are traded on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) and also on German stock exchanges.

https://youtu.be/44KiNCVacKk

What relaxers do to the hair and where you'll find sodium hydroxide in. This may surprise you. If you decide to do this service? Do it with care, and make sure your clients have everything they need for their at home care, or it could lead to permanent balding. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Piedmont's market cap has grown 100X from $10M to $1B+ in 4 years as it has progressed early stage exploration with 19 drill holes on 500 acres in North Carolina to an expected definitive feasibility study this September & potential start of construction in early 2022. Piedmont CEO Keith Phillips discusses PLL's robust updated economic study, improved sustainability profile and near term strategic objectives both on financing the Piedmont Lithium Project in North Carolina and Piedmont's own consolidation/M&A endeavors in Quebec and possibly elsewhere. Time Index 0-2:00 - Intro - new scoping study reflects a near doubling of NPV to $1.9B, steady state EBITDA growing from $230M to $400M, 31% after-tax IRR and 3 year payback period. 2:00-6 - Sustainable Lithium Hydroxide Business - Independent LCA analysis by Minviro - the preliminary analysis shows 3 key metrics - water use/land footprint and carbon intensity - Piedmont is a stand out in all 3. What drives the numbers on all three? How is it possible for Piedmont's carbon intensity to be only a quarter of China? 6:15-8:15 - Innovative Hydroxide Technology Piedmont is using a “sulphate free” Metso Outotec process. What are the benefits of this over sulfuric acid roasting process currently used in China and planned for Australia hydroxide projects? 8:30-15:15 - Hydroxide vs. Carbonate, Price Premium - Why is Piedmont focused on lithium hydroxide rather than carbonate? - In a world of $100/t a ton carbon taxes we believe the 15t of CO2 per tonne of hydroxide difference with China will mean a $1,500/t premium for Piedmont - do you agree? - Will we see an even higher price premium in the USA given transport/logistics benefits such as lower inventory needs given close proximity and no risk of import duties? 15:15 - 23:45 - Bigger Production/Stronger Economics/Lowest Cost Global Hydroxide Producer - The scoping study outlines a near 50% increase in planned production - 30ktpa - presume this is on the back of the increased resource size? - Considering Carolina head grade of about 1.1% vs. the world's best hard rock deposit Greenbushes at 2%, how is it that Piedmont can be the lowest cost producer of hydroxide? 24:00 - 33:00 - Strategic Dialogues/Process - The 2021 study has higher price assumptions for SC6 and LiOH that are similar to current spot prices - are you seeing increased interest in off-take at pricing around the studies assumptions? - The Capex for the project has grown to ~$800M. What is the timeline for completion of DFS, full financing, financial investment decision, construction start? 33:00 - 38:00 - Piedmont as M&A Consolidator - Any update on Sayona/North American Lithium? - Do you see scope for further consolidation of hard rock projects and do you have any plans for additional project investments? - You have recently appointed Tier One global investment banks JP Morgan and Evercore. What is their mandate? 38:00 - 42:00 - EV, Battery, SPACs, Build Back Better Biden - How is both public capital markets and government initiatives impacting overall sentiment toward Piedmont in terms of raising funding? - Might USA and/or Canadian government support be relevant in Piedmont/Sayona financing plans? NOT INVESTMENT ADVICE. DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH ----- Intro and outro audio credit: Jamie Klein

  Vidcast:  https://youtu.be/Irema4MgvIA   The CPSC and Pro Supply Outlet are recalling Pro Supply Outlet Sodium and Potassium Hydroxide.  These lye products contain caustic poisons and must be sold in child-resistant packaging and must be clearly labeled POISON.  Potassium and sodium hydroxide will cause severe chemical burns if they get on the skin or if they are swallowed. These items were sold online at Amazon.com, eBay.com, Etsy.com and prosupplyoutlet.com. If you have these products, immediately move them to a location out of reach of any children and pets in your home.  Contact Pro Supply Outlet at  1-855-248-9059 or via email at PSO5000@ctiinc.biz to secure a replacement in safe packaging with appropriate labeling.   https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2021/Pro-Supply-Outlet-Recalls-Sodium-and-Potassium-Hydroxide-Products-Due-to-Failure-to-Meet-Child-Resistant-Packaging-Requirement-and-Violation-of-FHSA-Labeling-Requirement-Recall-Alert   #prosupplyoutlet #naoh #koh #lye #poisoning #childproof #recall  

   Vidcast:  https://youtu.be/V6oixe1Qdfw   The CPSC and The Lye Guy announce the recall of The Lye Guy Sodium Hydroxide and Potassium Hydroxide.  These products contain caustic poisons and must be sold in child-proof containers and their 32 oz. containers are not.  The label on the products omits the word POISON.  These liquids can burn on contact and if swallowed by a child will cause devastating damage to the mouth, throat, esophagus, and gastrointestinal tract.  About 32,000 bottles of these products were sold online at thelyeguy.com.  Immediately store these produces in a safe place away from children.  Contact The Lye Guy at 1-315-436-6560 or via email at thelyeguy@gmail.com for a free child-resistant replacement bottle and new labelling.   https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2021/The-Lye-Guy-Recalls-Sodium-and-Potassium-Hydroxide-Products-Due-to-Failure-to-Meet-Child-Resistant-Packaging-Requirement-and-Violation-of-FHSA-Labeling-Recall-Alert   #thelyeguy #naoh #koh #childproof #poisoning #recall  

  Vidcast:  https://youtu.be/Se3BSlC1D3o   The CPSC and Alliance Chemical announce the recall of Alliance Chemical Sodium Hydroxide.  This product contains a caustic poisons and must be sold in child-proof container.  The label on the products omits the word POISON. The caustic soda flakes in this container can burn on contact and if swallowed by a child will cause devastating damage to the mouth, throat, esophagus, and gastrointestinal tract.  About 960 containers of this product were sold online at Alliancechemical.com, Amazon.com and eBay.com.  Immediately store these products in a safe place away from children.  Contact Alliance Chemical at 1-512-365-6838 or online at alliancechemical.com for a free child-resistant replacement bottle and new labelling.   https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2021/Alliance-Chemical-Recalls-Sodium-Hydroxide-Products-Due-to-Failure-to-Meet-Child-Resistant-Packaging-Requirement-and-Violation-of-FHSA-Labeling-Recall-Alert   #alliancechemical #naoh #childproof #poisoning #recall  

Interview with Trevor Walker, President & CEO of Frontier Lithium (TSX-V:FL)

This week we saw an attack against a city water system, in an attempt to poison the drinking water.Many of us have been warning about this for years.How did this happen? It must have been the work of sophisticated nation state attackers, it has to be hard to hack a water treatment plant because you know, people could die if that happened. The people in charge must take extra precautions, and have really good security practices in place to keep our drinking water safe. They must have been unable to prevent or avoid this attack.These are all things that we hope would be true, unfortunately the reality of what actually happened is far more disturbing. (Channeling my inner security Yoda) Sophisticated this attack was not, difficult to pull off was it not, prevented could have been, security basics lacking they were, practice good they did not.What happened was a multitude of failures in requiring and implementing the most basic and foundational of security controls. We have reached a point in our technology journey as a society, that we need to pause for one moment and take stock of the giant mess we have created. We need to figure out what minimum safety standards are needed for critical infrastructure. We need to ask ourselves should the things that can kill us be connected to the internet in the first place?Knowing that the security posture of the affected water treatment plant, borders on gross and willful negligence, what should the legal and criminal consequences be for those who made these shit decisions in the first place.It's 2021 and computers can kill you, so let's act accordingly. We will be discussing this and more tonight on the Security Shit Show, join us for what is guarantied to be a lively discussion, and you never know Chris may do some show and tell as well.

I read from calcifuge to calcium hydroxide.   The word of the episode is "calcium". The daily song is starting today.  Be warned...it's bad.  This is a hit or miss idea, but maybe I'll get better.    dictionarypod@gmail.com https://www.facebook.com/thedictionarypod/ https://twitter.com/dictionarypod https://www.instagram.com/dictionarypod/ https://www.patreon.com/spejampar 917-727-5757

Listen to ASX-listed Infinity Lithium Managing Director, Ryan Parkin, talk to Matt Birney on the 6PR Bulls N' Bears report about Infinity's plan to feed the burgeoning European lithium battery market with lithium hydroxide. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Interview with Trevor Walker, President & CEO of Frontier Lithium (TSX-V:FL)

Perhaps because “alkaline” and “alkalinity” are such similar words, pH and alkalinity are often confused and misunderstood. Indeed they are related to one another, but they are not the same. In water chemistry we test alkalinity because it serves as the buffer of pH fluctuations. Too much alkalinity is a source of rising pH, and too little means that pH corrections can be too extreme, leading to pool damage and other costly problems. pH itself is the “power of Hydrogen”, an equilibrium of Hydrogen (H+) and Hydroxides (OH-), on a logarithmic scale of 0-14. 7 is perfectly neutral pH, with 50% Hydrogen, and 50% Hydroxide. When pH rises, more Hydrogen dissociates from a given substance (like chlorine, or bicarbonate alkalinity) making it more basic, or alkaline. When pH is lower, more Hydrogens reattach or bind to a given substance, making it more acidic.  This episode explains all these nuances and gives real-world examples in pool chemistry.Show-Notes: [01:32] What is ph?[02:30] pH is an equilibrium[07:58] Negative logarithm of hydrogen[08:43] Let's not try to control pH. Physics is going to raise the pH in swimming pools.[09:50] Henry's Law of the Solubility of Gases[12:23] Buy a ph probe to find out your exact ph.[12:37] Your ph can raise from algae, vanishing edge pools, spas, spillover, or salt cell.[17:17] ph is the most impactful factor to the Langelier Saturation Index[18:53] Problems occur when ph lowers the LSI and water is starving for calcium[21:16] What is Alkalinity?[27:38] Adjusting alkalinityArticles & Resources: What is AlkalinityCarbonate Alkalinity vs. Total Alkalinity  What Causes a High ph in a Swimming Pool?What is the Ideal ph for Swimming Pools?Chlorine, ph and Cyanuric Acid RelationshipsConnect with Orenda Technologies:Read Our Blog PostsWatch Us on YouTubeFollow Us On FacebookFollow Us On InstagramContact Us 

Xtremecast Vol. 3 by UKTM @uk-terror-militia-uktm mixes the 3rd Xtremecast giving you 2 hours of terror mayhem! Tracklist: 1 Akira - Welcome To The Slaughterhouz 2 Mozz - No Good 3 I.D (UKTM) 4 Akira - BodySlam Musick 5 DOA - Total Annihilation (A-KRIV & OGM909 RMX) 6 Hydroxide & Lysergide - Rip Off Your Face (UKTM REMIX) 7 Khaoz Engine & Uktm - The Shamen 8 Noisekick - Uitdagen 9 Sandy Warez - Dont Forget The Break (Uktm Remix) 10 UKTM - Strapped 11 I.D (UKTM & Explicit) 12 Stinger & s'Aphira - Bad Man VIP 13 The Vizitor - Shut Up 14 UKTM - 1234 15 Execrate - Murder 16 Hard Infantry - Zeus 17 Angernoizer - Bomb Da Drop 18 Doctor Terror - Don't make me destroy you (UKTM Remix) 19 Execrate - Sacrifice 20 Striker - Brutal Screaming 21 UKTM Vs F. Noize - Ryukore (Uktm Xtreme Re-FuK) 22 UKTM - Fighting talk 23 UKTM & The Destroyer - Fucking Fighting 24 Cerberus - Better Than Dope 25 UKTM - Crazy Crack Cop 26 Carpenoctum - Nocturnal Instincts 27 The Sinner - Chernobyl 28 Loffciamcore - King Of The Dead 29 I.D (UKTM & Explicit) 30 Loffciamcore - Up To No Good (The Reaper Remix) 31 Explicit - Improve Criminal Statistics 32 Hellseeker & Doctor Terror - Dark Realm 33 Paranoizer - GO FCK YOURSELF 34 Micropoint - Armor Battle (Noisekick RMX) 35 Striker - The Horror Side 36 UKTM - Muggy Cunt 37 UKTM - Army of 500 38 Nekrosystem - The Fucking Devil 39 UKTM - Pigwhore! (Doctor Terror RMX) 40 Mozz - Exotic 41 Suicide Rage - Fucking Die 42 The Reaper V's Uktm - Scumbags! 43 UKTM - Anatomy 44 UKTM - Devil 45 I.D - (Uktm Remix) 46 Noisekick - I Wanna Cut (UKTM RMX) 47 UKTM - Cut Ure Face 48 UKTM vs Explicit - Pathetic Meat 49 Hard Infantry - Fuck His Wife 50 Carpenoctum - Don't Keep The Devil Waiting 51 Execrate - Acts of Evil 52 Deterrent Man - I'm Funny (Uktm Remix) 53 UKTM & Hellseeker - Demon Lord 54 UKTM - Lock 'N' Load (Qbase Anthem DJ Tool) 55 I.D 56 The Vizitor - Hell And Fire 57 The Reaper - Bleed & Die (UKTM & Doctor Terror ReFuk) 58 Nevermind - Rumble Road 59 Smash - Unsettled Emotions (Terror Mix) 60 Arcade X Perience (Stinger Remix) The Destroyer 61 Damnation TerrorClown 62 The Reaper - Bleed & Die 63 Tense - trained to be brutal 64 NSD - Quirky Noise

"Can magnesium hydroxide be absorbed via skin?"   I don't know. I genuinely don't know.   "I've been applying milk of magnesia as a deodorant alternative in spray form for a few years now, and it works well, but I'm concerned about I might be hypermagnesemic, as I'm having low pulse, low blood pressure, and frequent bowel movements."   You might be hypermagnesemic. You should measure your magnesium status, for sure.   This Q&A can also be found as part of a much longer episode, here:https://chrismasterjohnphd.com/podcast/2019/02/09/ask-anything-nutrition-feb-1-2019/    If you would like to be part of the next live Ask Me Anything About Nutrition, sign up for the CMJ Masterpass, which includes access to these live Zoom sessions, premium features on all my content, and hundreds of dollars of exclusive discounts. You can sign up with a 10% lifetime discount here: https://chrismasterjohnphd.com/q&a

KISSam Luke Parts 1, 2 & 3 PLUS Chile Manager Ellen Lenny-Pessagno Index by Minute: 0-3 4 years since Rockwood acquisition, what has change in capital markets to so de-rate Albemarle’s multiple? 3-7 Momentum “block trade” increasing volatility & creating a “Freebird” Lithium valuation. 7-10:45 Albemarle overview of its mix of business and current key valuation metrics. 11 - 19 When hydroxide demand greater than carbonate? Hydroxide to maintain its price premium to carbonate? Sustainability in Atacama, other outstanding considerations with Chile regulators. 19 – 21 Antofalla, Argentina asset vs. possibly buy. LIvent, Orocobre. High quality brownfield Kings Mountain North Carolina 21-24 Clay or geotherma projects? Nemaska. Execution by juniors, by majors 24-26 Weather. Compare Western Australia (Wodgina) and Quebec 26-31 Tianqi SQM, possibility of takeover by Tianqi/China support? 31-34:30 ALB’s lithium assets trading at “replacement value”. Why? 34:30-37 ALB vulnerable for a takeover? Insider Buying? 37 What price expectation did ALB use to ensure IRR of two times their cost of capital for $2B Wodgina investment? 37-42 Spider Web – what two most important factors for M&A transaction?Rockwood - Reflections four years on acquisition logic – World Class Greenbushes, Atacama. Pivot to hydroxide from Oz rock vs. Atacama carbonate. Perspectives on Ganfeng, partnering strategies with juniors or Chinese converters. Response to Ganfeng’s strategy to take over ALB as #1 producer. Big vs. profitability. Thoughts on Quebec, North Carolina, Europe as lithium geographies. 43:30-45 Kings Mountain – “No questionthat is a World Class, World Scale Asset” Can build “Hydroxide, Carbonate or another lithium derivative around it.” North Carolina, USA. 45:15-51 Timing of ALB bond? China approval for Wodgina? Reliability of ALB’s long-term contracts and price floors ALB’s customer mix 51 – 53:30 From 2021 will you seek to re-enter new carbonate contracts expire? 54-60:05 Strong potential of its past producing, plain vanilla hard rock lithium mine in King's Mountain North Carolina. Update on cost position and plans at Wodgina JV with Mineral Resources and potential to buy further China conversion assets. Luke also weighs into the increasingly topical discussion about USA Security of Supply - will US follow China and EU with some level local and federal support infrastructure, coordination and incentives support to bring entire supply chain? Can ALB be strategic American supplier to GM, Ford, VW USA? 60:05-89:30 Albemarle's Chile Country manager and ex-USA diplomat Ellen Lenny Pessagno also joins Howard Klein and Rodney Hooper in Santiago at the 11th annual FastMarkets Lithium Supply & Markets Conference with an update after her first nine months since joining ALB. Ellen outlines her and ALB's commitment to Sustainability while doubling the company's lithium production in Atacama and La Negra through the installation of new equipment to increase yield by 30%. And the company’s unique relationship and commitment to and employment of local indigenous populations as well as its strong relationship with CORFO and other government regulators. Ellen also shares her view on current political situation and risk/reward in Argentina. 89:30 Howard concluding comments including response to vocal ALB haters spewing “De-Worseification” and “Bad Company” epithets. Not Investment Advice. Do Your Own Research. Read Disclaimer

This week we've got Hydroxide and his set on Apollo Live Podcast 76. Listen, download and stream his techno set on Soundcloud, Spotify, Mixcloud, DiFM, Stitcher and Radio Republic. Thank you, everyone, for tuning in. Hydroxyde Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/HydroxydeMusic/ Soundcloud - https://soundcloud.com/hydroxyde-music Beatport - https://www.beatport.com/artist/hydroxyde/402366 Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/hydroxyde.music/ Tracklist 1. Loco & Jam, Oscar L - The Rain (Original Mix) [Edit] 2. Cosmic Boys - Minotaur (Original Mix) [Legend] 3. Mars Bill & Anthony Castaldo - Horizon (Luigi Madonna Remix) [Ground Factory Records] 4. Alberto Ruiz, Hugo Bianco - Parametric (Original Mix) [Stickrecordings] 5. Jewel Kid - Son Of Adam (Original Mix) [Alleanza] 6. Loco & Jam - Platform 3 (Original Mix) [Alleanza] 7. Gabriel D'Or & Bordoy - Paladia (Original Mix) [Over] 8. Bart Skils - My Part Of Town (Original Mix) [Drumcode] 9. Gabriel D'Or & Bordoy - The Hum (Original Mix ) [Remain Records] 10. UMEK, Matt Sassari - Dica (Original Mix) [Terminal M] L.Ap. Facebook - www.facebook.com/L.Ap.MusicPage/ YouTube - www.youtube.com/channel/UCEJZ3BtoUkorlHV5XIX4TKg Twitter - twitter.com/L_A_p_Music Beatport - www.beatport.com/artist/l-ap/566818 Mixcloud - www.mixcloud.com/LApMusic/

Will Adams & Jon Mulcahy ⁦@FastmarketsMB banter with @RodneyHooper13 & @LithiumIonBull about Takeaways and Giveaways as #Lithium19 Santiago #Chileconcluded last Wednesday. Featuring: Sounds of Silence. Us & Them Timeline0:00 - 5:07: Introduction. VW ID Buzz. Sounds of Silence.5:08 - 6:15: Fastmarkets introduction6:16-10:35: Fastmarkets conference takeaways 10:36 - 12:10: Shouldn't OEMs lock in equity & off-take deals at current low prices?12:11 - 14:00: Cathode chemistry trends 14:01 - 17:10: Hydroxide and carbonate pricing 17:11-22:58: Tianqi, Ganfeng, Livent, Albemarle banter. Sustainability. Transparency. Us & Them 22:59 - 27:35: Europe & battery supply chain. Infinity. Keliber. Savannah.27:36 - 31:12: EV range, infrastructure, & carbon neutrality.31:13 - 35:26: General commentary & Fastmarkets overview 35:27 - 41:30: LME contract & price forecasts 41:31 - 44:50: Project funding44:51 - End: Trade war, EV sales & LME

Still bloodied 3 Months after the IPOs of Livent on NYSE and Ganfeng on HKSE, and 10 days before Livent reports Q4 and yearly results and provides 2019 lithium market forecasts, sales and EBITDA guidance, Rodney Hooper explains his widely liked Linkedin note detailing the four pillars to his investment thesis for Ganfeng. Howard progresses the Philadelphia Freedom Declaration of Independence that not all Lithium is created equal @LiventCorp. The Real Thing. It is also Lithium-ion Rocks! privilege to welcome our first ever guest,Guy Bourassa, CEO of a future Livent, future Ganfeng, Softback-backed Nemaska Lithium - Rockin' in the Free World. Low cost Hydro-powered Hydroxide from proprietary IP; a French Canadian Industrial Champion. And finally, a Casey Kasem-like long distance dedication as we say Goodbye to the Year of the (Black) Dog and Hello to the Year of the Pig. Subscribe for Free!Lithium-ion Bull newsletterwww.libull.com Not Investment Advice. DYOR. Read Disclaimer

Dr. C. has created 3 original poems/prose about acids and bases. Hear them, learn them, recite them, floss with them.

Dr. C. has created 3 original poems/prose about acids and bases. Hear them, learn them, recite them, floss with them.

CHECK OUT THE VIDEO! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k0bfLJX4jrI&t=6s A candid recording of Ian Horvath explaining how we are going to make Magnesium Hydroxide and Calcium Hydroxide and MOST IMPORTANTLY WHY!

It rendered walls of pyramids and helps remove unwanted hair - Brian Clegg introduces a compound with many names - Calcium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide podcast from Chemistry World - the magazine of the Royal Society of Chemistry

This chemistry video podcast looks at the reactions of basic solutions (ie ammonia solution and hydroxide solutions) with solutions of metal salts (ie Mg, Al, FeII, FeIII, Cu, Zn, Ag, and Cr). As well as displaying the appearance of the resulting products, the chemical equations representing the reactions are shown. Demonstrated are the production of the complex ions aluminate, zincate and chromate from addition of excess hydroxide to solutions of the amphoteric metal salts of Al, Zn and Cr. The complex ions produced by addition of excess ammonia with Cu, Zn and Ag are also demonstrated.

In dieser Arbeit werden neue Koordinationsverbindungen von deprotonierten Zuckersäuren (Aldaraten) mit den Metallen Kupfer(ii), Palladium(ii), Aluminium(iii), Gallium(iii)und Indium(iii) beschrieben. Die Komplexe von Aldaraten mit dem Zentralmetall Kupfer(ii) 1–10 wurden mit Hilfe von Einkristall-Röntgenstrukturanalyse charakterisiert, und daraus Kenntnisse zur Strukturchemie von Aldarato-cupraten gewonnen. Bei diesen Versuchen kristallisierte mit [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2](Gal1,6A21,6H−2) (11) auch das Galactarat des erstaunlicherweise zum ersten Mal röntgenstrukturanalytisch charakterisierten Tetrammindiaqua- kupfer(ii)-komplexes aus. Bei der Umsetzung von Tartronsäure mit Kupfer(ii) und o-Phenantrolin (1:1) wurde der heteroleptische, über zwei Carboxylatgruppen des Tartronats koordinierte, Komplex [Cu(phen)(C3H2O5)(H2O)] · H2O (1) kristallisiert. Sämtliche weitere Umsetzungen von Kupfer(ii)-Salzen mit Aldaraten erfolgten ohne Zugabe von Hilfsliganden. Es konnten Alkalimetall- und Ammonium-Salze von Aldaratocupraten isoliert, und die Einkristallstrukturen bestimmt werden. Die über die Carboxylatgruppe koordinierten Ditartronato-cuprate Li2[Cu(C3H2O5)2(H2O)2] · 2H2O (2), Na2[Cu(C3H2O5)2(H2O)2] · 6H2O (3) und (NH4)2[Cu(C3H2O5)2(H2O)2] (4) ließen sich aus schwach sauren Lösungen, die Tartronsäure, Kupfer(ii) und Basen enthielten, kristallisieren. Es zeigte sich, dass sich die Kationen bestimmend auf die Kristallstruktur auswirken. Bei neutralen Bedingungen (pH = 7) wurden die Tritartronatocuprate (NH4)4[Cu3(C3HO5)3Cl] · 3H2O (5), K3[Cu3(C3HO5)3(H2O)] · 3,785H2O (6), Rb3[Cu3(C3HO5)3(H2O)] · 4H2O (7) und Cs3[Cu3(C3HO5)3(H2O)3] · H2O (8) kristallisiert. Die Tartrato-Liganden liegen vollständig deprotoniert vor und koordinieren jeweils zwei Kupfer-Atome über zwei Chelatfünfringe, die von den α-Alkoxo-Carboxylat-Einheiten ausgebildet werden, so dass die deprotonierte Hydroxy-Funktion verbrückend wirkt. Interessante Unterschiede zeigen die Komplex-Anionen bei der weiteren Koordination der Kupfer-Atome im zentralen Cu3O3-Sechsring an Aqua- oder Chloro-Liganden. Auch in der Kationenkoordination an die Sauerstoff-Atome im Cu3O3-Ring zeigen sich Unterschiede. Mit Xylarat als Ligand gelang es, einen der bislang größten [47] homoleptischen Cupratkomplexe, K9[Cu13(Xyl1,5A21,2,4,5H−4)5(Xyl1,5A2H−5)3]· 90H2O (9), aus einer schwach sauren Lösung zu kristallisieren. Bereits bei diesem niedrigen pH-Wert weist der Komplex drei vollständig und fünf vierfach deprotonierte Xylarato-Liganden auf. In der Struktur des Komplex-Anions vereinigen sich sämtliche bei Aldarato-Komplexen beobachtete Koordinationsmuster der Liganden, außer der nur bei Tartronat möglichen Koordination durch zwei Carboxylatgruppen zu einem Chelatsechsring. Auch alle bislang bei Oxo-cupraten beobachteten Kupfer-Sauerstoff-Baueinheiten (Cu2O2-Vierringe, Cu4O4-W¨urfel, Cu3O3-Sechsringe) sind hier in einer Verbindung kombiniert. Das polymere Cuprat Na4[Cu(Gal1,6A2H−6)] · 12H2O (10) lässt sich aus alkalischen Natriumhydroxid-haltigen Lösungen mit Galactarat als Ligand kristallisieren. Galactarsäure besitzt wie der homologe Zuckeralkohol Dulcit eine Erythrit-Teilstruktur und bildet mit dieser das Cuprat aus, wie es auch bei polymeren Erythritolato- und Dulcitolato-cupraten beobachtet wurde [38]. Die in Aldarat/Pd-en-Lösung vorhandenen Komplexspezies bei unterschiedlichen Stöchiometrien und bei Zugabe verschiedener Basen wurden mittels 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie aufgeklärt. Von den nachgewiesenen Spezies konnten einige kristallisiert und ihre Struktur aufgeklärt werden (12–16). Tartronat-haltige Pd-en-Lösungen zeigen in 13C-NMR-Spektren neben unkoordiniertem Tartronat nur das über das doppelt deprotonierte α-Hydroxy-Carbonsäure-Fragment koordinierte Ethylendiamin-tartron-1,2,3-ato-O1,2-palladat(ii). Aus diesen Lösungen kristallisiert dennoch das neutrale über beide Carboxylatgruppen koordinierte [Pd(C3H2O5)(en)] · H2O (12). Durch Variation der Mengen von l- und meso-Weins¨aure in Pd-en-Lösungen und bei Zugabe verschiedener Alkalilaugen lassen sich alle drei möglichen, über Chelatfünfringe koordinierte Komplexspezies in Lösung durch 13C-NMR-Spektren nachweisen. Die Zugabe von Lithiumhydroxid zu den Lösungen bewirkt die Verdrängung des PdII(en)-Fragments von der Koordination durch eine Carboxylatgruppe zur Diolat-Einheit. Mit dem zweikernigen Komplex [(Pd(en))2(l-Thr1,4A2H−4)] · 5,42(3)H2O (13) und dem einkernigen Palladat [Pd(en)2][(en)Pd(Ery1,4A21,2,4H−3)]2 · 10H2O (14) konnten zwei der in Lösung nachgewiesenen Spezies kristallisiert werden. Auch in NMR-Spektren von Xylarat-haltigen Pd-en-Lösungen lässt sich beobachten, dass nach Zugabe von Lithiumhydroxid keine Koordination mehr durch eine Carboxylatgruppe vorliegt. Diese anionische Komplex-Spezies ließ sich kristallisieren und als Li2[(en)Pd(Xyl1,5A21,2,3,5H−4)] · 6,5H2O (15) charakterisieren. Galactarat zeigt das Verhalten gegenüber Lithiumhydroxid nicht, so dass sich aus Lithiumhydroxid-haltigen Lösungen von Galactarsäure in Pd-en der zweikernige Neutralkomplex [(Pd(en))2(Gal1,6A21,2,5,6H−4)] · 5H2O (16) kristallisieren lässt, der über die beiden α-Alkoxo-Carboxylat-Einheiten des Liganden koordiniert wird. Im dritten Teil der Arbeit wurden neue Aldarato-metallate mit den Metallen der dritten Hauptgruppe Aluminium, Gallium und Indium (17–27) synthetisiert und strukturell aufgeklärt. Desweiteren konnte durch 27Al-MAS-NMR-Spektroskopie an Kristallen im Vergleich mit 27Al-NMR-Spektren von Reaktionslösungen nachgewiesen werden, dass die kristallisierten Aldarato-aluminate auch in Lösung die Hauptspezies darstellen. Durch Umsetzung von Tartronsäure mit Aluminium(iii)- bzw. Gallium(iii)-Salzen und Alkalihydroxiden lassen sich aus den sauren Lösungen Kristalle der isotypen Natriumsalze Na6[M3(C3H2O5)3(C3HO5)3] · 15,6H2O (17: M = Al, 19: M = Ga) bzw. isotypen Kaliumsalze K6[M3(C3H2O5)3(C3HO5)3] · 8H2O (18): M = Al, 20: M = Ga) isolieren, deren drei cyclisch über Ecken verknüpfte MO6-Oktaeder ein neues Baumotiv in der Al- bzw. Ga-Koordinations-Chemie außerhalb der Strukturchemie der Oxide und Hydroxide darstellen. Durch Simulation der 27Al-MAS-NMR-Spektren mit Hilfe der drei Spin-Funktionen der kristallographisch unabhängigen Aluminium-Kerne in 17 lassen sich die isotropen chemischen Verschiebungen berechnen (δCSiso = 14,4; 17,0 und 19,3), deren Mittel sehr gut mit dem in Lösungen von Kristallen und Reaktionslösungen zu beobachtenden breiten Hauptsignal bei 16,8 ppm übereinstimmt. Aus vergleichbaren Reaktionslösungen mit Indium(iii)-nitrat lässt sich das neuartige vierkernige Indat Na6[In4(C3HO5)6(H2O)2] · 8H2O (21) gewinnen, in dem jedes Indium- Atom siebenfach von Sauerstoff koordiniert wird. Viele Arbeitsgruppen versuchten bislang vergeblich die Kristallisation einer Aluminium-tartrat-Verbindung. In dieser Arbeit konnte erstmals die Kristallstruktur eines Tartarto-aluminats (Cs2[Al6(H2O)6((l-Thr1,4A2)7H−20)] · 19H2O (22)) vorgestellt werden. Im sechskernigen Komplex liegen sieben l-Tartrato-Liganden unterschiedlichen Protonierungsgrads vor. Alle funktionellen Gruppen der Liganden sind an der oktaedrischen Koordination der Aluminium-Atome beteiligt, und die sechs offenen Koordinationstellen werden durch Aqua-Liganden abgesättigt. Aus sauren Lösungen lassen sich die zweikernigen, isotypen Cäsiumsalze der Xylarato-metallate Cs[M2(Xyl1,5A21,2,5H−3)(Xyl1,5A21,2,4,5H−4)(H2O)4] · 3H2O (23: M = Al, 25: M = Ga) kristallisieren. Diese zeichnen sich wie eine zweite Modifikation des Aluminats Cs[Al2(Xyl1,5A21,2,5H−3)(Xyl1,5A21,2,4,5H−4)(H2O)4] · 6H2O (24) durch eine starke intramolekulareWasserstoffbrückenbindung zwischen den beiden Liganden aus, bei der sich die beiden Sauerstoff-Atome bis etwa 242pm nahe kommen. Zur Koordination der beiden isolierten MO6-Oktaeder werden trotz vorhandener freier Hydroxygruppen der Liganden zusätzlich je zwei Aqua-Liganden herangezogen. Wiederum lässt sich zeigen, dass das kristallisierte Aluminat (δCSiso = 21,9; 23,4) auch die Hauptspezies (δ = 22,5) in Lösung darstellt. Seine Sonderstellung in der Kohlenhydrat-Polyolat-Chemie unterstreicht Aluminium bei den Galactarato-aluminaten Na6[Al6(Gal1,6A21,2,5,6H−4)4(OH)8] · 21H2O (26) und K6[Al6(Gal1,6A21,2,5,6H−4)4(OH)8] · 23H2O (27), die aus alkalischen Lösungen kristallisiert werden konnten. Die Strukturanalyse zeigt ein Cyclohexaaluminat, in dem pro Al vier Baseäquivalente gebunden sind. Diese 24 Baseäquivalente liegen nicht ausschließlich in Form von deprotonierten Gruppen am Galactarat vor, sondern acht µ-Hydroxo-Liganden stellen zusammen mit vier tetraanionischen Galactarato-Liganden die Sauerstoff-Ligator-Atome für den Ring aus sechs kantenverknüpften AlO6-Oktaedern bereit. Die anhand der Simulation des 27Al-MAS-NMR-Spektrums ermittelten Verschiebungen (¯δCSiso = 20,1) stimmen mit dem sehr breiten Hauptsignal in den Lösungsspektren der Reaktionslösungen bei etwa 20 ppm überein. Daneben befindet sich ein nicht unbeträchtlicher Anteil von [Al(OH)4]− in Lösung. d-Mannaro-1,4-3,6-dilacton wirkt in alkalischen Lösungen reduzierend und zersetzt sich leicht. Im letzten Teil der Arbeit gelang es in HPLC-unterstützten Untersuchungen einen Weg zu finden, ausgehend vom Dilacton über den Umweg der Umsetzung zum d-Mannarsäurediamid und der anschließenden Verseifung zu stabilen, reinen d-Mannarat-Lösungen zu gelangen, die sich zur weiteren Umsetzung mit Metallsalzen eignen. Die bevorzugte Koordination von Metallen durch Aldarate erfolgt durch die Ausbildungvon Chelatfünfringen mit der doppelt deprotonierten α-Hydroxy-Carbonsäure-Einheit. Desweiteren wurden die Koordinationen durch 1,2-ständige Diolate (Chelatfünfringe), 1,3-ständige Diolate (Chelatsechsringe, nur bei 9), eine 1,2,3-Triolat-Einheit (facial durch einen Xylarato-Liganden in 9) und durch 1,3-ständige Carboxylatgruppen bei Tartronaten (1–4 mit Cu(ii) und 12 mit Pd(ii)) beobachtet. Während Carboxylatgruppen ausschließlich endständig an Metalle koordinieren, finden sich deprotonierte Hydroxygruppen sowohl in endständigen als auch in µ2- und µ3-verbrückenden Positionen. Es ließ sich zeigen, dass sich aufgrund der leichten Deprotonierbarkeit der Carbonsäure-Funktion und der erhöhten Acidität der α-ständigen Hydroxygruppe die Darstellung von Aldarato-Komplexen bei sehr milden Bedingungen auch im Bereich des physiologischen pH-Werts bewerkstelligen lassen. Die Aldarsäuren eignen sich desweiteren hervorragend zum Aufbau neuartiger oherkerniger Metall-Sauerstoff-Cluster.