Podcasts about physical science basis

As the southern hemisphere summer approaches, Joëlle Gergis spoke with Panu and Thomas about her most recent book Humanity's Moment and the unique emotional challenges of confronting the human and wildlife toll of climate disasters in Australia. Joëlle Gergis is an award-winning climate scientist and writer from the Australian National University. Joëlle was a lead author on the IPCC 6th Assessment report: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Joelle spoke with Panu and Thomas about her most recent book Humanity's Moment and the emotional challenges of confronting the severe human and wildlife toll of climate disasters in Australia. As Joelle noted, Australia is one of the world's most vulnerable developed nations in terms of climate disruptions as well as a leader in fossil fuel production. So, Australians' efforts at coping and making change are important learning for others around the globe. 

In this episode of The Gate 15 Interview, Andy Jabbour visits with Dr. Jeff Masters. Jeff Masters, Ph.D., worked as a hurricane scientist with the NOAA Hurricane Hunters from 1986-1990. After a near-fatal flight into category 5 Hurricane Hugo, he left the Hurricane Hunters to pursue a safer passion - earning a 1997 Ph.D. in air pollution meteorology from the University of Michigan. In 1995, he co-founded the Weather Underground, and served as its chief meteorologist and on its Board of Directors until it was sold to the Weather Company in 2012. Between 2005-2019, his Category 6 blog was one of the Internet's most popular and widely quoted sources of extreme weather and climate change information. He now frequently writes for YALE Climate Connections. On Twitter: @DrJeffMasters In the discussion we address: Jeff's incredible Hurricane Hugo experience. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Report and going beyond the ‘planetary boundaries of safe operation for the planet.' Jeff's important ideas to understand about climate change. Jeff discusses his two biggest climate concerns - the disruptive threats from sea level rise and drought, including: A potential ‘massive financial threat to the US.' Jeff says, ‘we're not correctly pricing risk…there threatens to be a shakeout in the…market' and he notes insurance company struggles in Florida, Louisiana and California as examples before discussing the potential cascading effects associated with humans fleeing from the coasts. Threats to critical infrastructure, including real estate, water and wastewater, transportation and supply chains. And he explains his concerns about drought impacting food prices and leading to famine. Hurricane season 2023, an anticipated El Nino year, perhaps something that may look like the 2018 hurricane season. Plus! Devo, getting outdoors, watermelon, and the beauty of the Havasupai Canyon. A few references mentioned in or relevant to our discussion include: Jeff's Hurricane Hugo Experience: Weather Underground: Hunting Hugo: The Hurricane Hunters' Wildest Ride, a multi-part story of Jeff's incredible experience in the eye of Hurricane Hugo. Weather Underground: A flight through Hurricane Hugo, remembered 20 years later, 15 Sep 2009 Originally published in Weatherwise magazine, Hunting Hugo was made available in digital form, complete with the many photos I took on the flight, on the web site I co-founded, Weather Underground. A separate account of the flight was written by a reporter from Barbados who was on the flight, and was published in my Weather Underground blog in 2009. There was a 45-minute episode of “Air Crash Investigation” (AKA “Mayday”) on the Hugo flight called “Into the Eye of the Storm” that aired in 2014. Several hundred thousand dollars was spent on the episode, which included CGI effects, a set built in Toronto to simulate the flight, and actors playing the crew and scientists. In 2022, the video was available with a paid subscription to Paramount Plus. The video was also available for free at apparat.com. Take to the Sky: The Air Disaster Podcast: Episode 85: NOAA 42 Hurricane Hunters, 02 Dec 2021 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Report: The Guardian: Scientists deliver ‘final warning' on climate crisis: act now or it's too late, 20 Mar IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, 20 Mar IPCC IPCO Sixth Assessment Report Working Group 1: The Physical Science Basis; Summary for Policymakers BBC: UN climate report: Scientists release 'survival guide' to avert climate disaster, 20 Mar New York Time: Earth to Hit Critical Warming Threshold by Early 2030s, Climate Panel Says, 20 Mar Climate.gov: Climate Change: Global Sea Level, 19 Apr 2022 NASA Vital Signs NASA Sea Level Change; Observations from Space NASA Sea-Level Toolkit: New Guide Helps Planners Prepare, 07 Feb 2023 CNN: Threat of rising seas to Asian megacities could be way worse than we thought, study warns, 08 Mar 2023 Space.com: Sea level rise slowed down in 2022. NASA says it's just a blip, 22 Mar NOAA: Destructive 2018 Atlantic hurricane season draws to an end; NOAA services before, during, after storms saved lives and aided recovery, 28 Nov 2018 Some of Jeff's recent writing: YALE Climate Connections: With global warming of just 1.2°C, why has the weather gotten so extreme? Climate change increases extreme weather by adding more heat and moisture to the air and through disruption of fundamental atmospheric circulation patterns, 06 Mar 2023 YALE Climate Connections: The other ‘big one': How a megaflood could swamp California's Central Valley; A repeat of the state's Great Flood of 1861-62 could cause over $1 trillion in damage, 25 Jan 2023 YALE Climate Connections: If a megaflood strikes California, these dams might be at risk; The state's highest-risk dams protect millions of people and tens of billions in property, including Disneyland and the Naval Weapons Station Seal Beach, 26 Jan 2023

Dr. Charles D. Koven is an Earth System Scientist, working in the Climate Sciences Department at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He investigates feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle. Dr. Koven's primary research focus is on high-latitude feedbacks to climate change, and in particular the role of soil carbon in permafrost soils, and its response to changing climate. Dr. Koven is a lead author on the IPCC report as part of Working Group I, The Physical Science Basis of Climate Change.“Looking into the future, as a scientist, what I've learned how to do is hold multiple futures in my head at the same time because we just don't know. We don't know what the future holds. We need to fight for the futures that we want, and against the futures that we don't want. All I can really say is that it's up to us. It's up to us to fight and advocate for the future we want, and what does that look like, and how do we get there?”Charles D. Kovenwww.ipcc.chwww.oneplanetpodcast.orgwww.creativeprocess.info

Dr. Charles D. Koven is an Earth System Scientist, working in the Climate Sciences Department at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He investigates feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle. Dr. Koven's primary research focus is on high-latitude feedbacks to climate change, and in particular the role of soil carbon in permafrost soils, and its response to changing climate. Dr. Koven is a lead author on the IPCC report as part of Working Group I, The Physical Science Basis of Climate Change."The biggest challenge we have for the first half of this century is how do we reduce our CO2 emissions and get them as close to zero as possible. And the challenge for the second half of the century is how do we remove CO2 from the atmosphere at scale and start to restore the climate system to some semblance of what it had been like before."Charles D. Kovenwww.ipcc.chwww.oneplanetpodcast.orgwww.creativeprocess.info

Dr. Charles D. Koven is an Earth System Scientist, working in the Climate Sciences Department at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He investigates feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle. Dr. Koven's primary research focus is on high-latitude feedbacks to climate change, and in particular the role of soil carbon in permafrost soils, and its response to changing climate. Dr. Koven is a lead author on the IPCC report as part of Working Group I, The Physical Science Basis of Climate Change."Cities are acting, local governments are acting, nations are acting, at all levels. The technologies for renewable energy, for energy storage, are increasing really rapidly. At the same time, we're starting to see what the pathway might actually look like to strongly mitigate climate change...Some of the recent work that I've been doing has been to really start thinking about what happens after 2100? After 2100, the world could be one in which we're still emitting huge amounts of carbon. It's certainly possible. Or it could be one in which we have mitigated very strongly and are now getting to the point of removing CO2 from the atmosphere."Charles D. Kovenwww.ipcc.chwww.oneplanetpodcast.orgwww.creativeprocess.info

"The biggest challenge we have for the first half of this century is how do we reduce our CO2 emissions and get them as close to zero as possible. And the challenge for the second half of the century is how do we remove CO2 from the atmosphere at scale and start to restore the climate system to some semblance of what it had been like before."Dr. Charles D. Koven is an Earth System Scientist, working in the Climate Sciences Department at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He investigates feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle. Dr. Koven's primary research focus is on high-latitude feedbacks to climate change, and in particular the role of soil carbon in permafrost soils, and its response to changing climate. Dr. Koven is a lead author on the IPCC report as part of Working Group I, The Physical Science Basis of Climate Change.Charles D. Kovenwww.ipcc.chwww.oneplanetpodcast.orgwww.creativeprocess.info

"Cities are acting, local governments are acting, nations are acting, at all levels. The technologies for renewable energy, for energy storage, are increasing really rapidly. At the same time, we're starting to see what the pathway might actually look like to strongly mitigate climate change...Some of the recent work that I've been doing has been to really start thinking about what happens after 2100? After 2100, the world could be one in which we're still emitting huge amounts of carbon. It's certainly possible. Or it could be one in which we have mitigated very strongly and are now getting to the point of removing CO2 from the atmosphere."Dr. Charles D. Koven is an Earth System Scientist, working in the Climate Sciences Department at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He investigates feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle. Dr. Koven's primary research focus is on high-latitude feedbacks to climate change, and in particular the role of soil carbon in permafrost soils, and its response to changing climate. Dr. Koven is a lead author on the IPCC report as part of Working Group I, The Physical Science Basis of Climate Change.Charles D. Kovenwww.ipcc.chwww.oneplanetpodcast.orgwww.creativeprocess.info

Dr. Charles D. Koven is an Earth System Scientist, working in the Climate Sciences Department at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He investigates feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle. Dr. Koven's primary research focus is on high-latitude feedbacks to climate change, and in particular the role of soil carbon in permafrost soils, and its response to changing climate. Dr. Koven is a lead author on the IPCC report as part of Working Group I, The Physical Science Basis of Climate Change.“Looking into the future, as a scientist, what I've learned how to do is hold multiple futures in my head at the same time because we just don't know. We don't know what the future holds. We need to fight for the futures that we want, and against the futures that we don't want. All I can really say is that it's up to us. It's up to us to fight and advocate for the future we want, and what does that look like, and how do we get there?”Charles D. Kovenwww.ipcc.chwww.oneplanetpodcast.orgwww.creativeprocess.info

Dr. Charles D. Koven is an Earth System Scientist, working in the Climate Sciences Department at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He investigates feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle. Dr. Koven's primary research focus is on high-latitude feedbacks to climate change, and in particular the role of soil carbon in permafrost soils, and its response to changing climate. Dr. Koven is a lead author on the IPCC report as part of Working Group I, The Physical Science Basis of Climate Change.“Looking into the future, as a scientist, what I've learned how to do is hold multiple futures in my head at the same time because we just don't know. We don't know what the future holds. We need to fight for the futures that we want, and against the futures that we don't want. All I can really say is that it's up to us. It's up to us to fight and advocate for the future we want, and what does that look like, and how do we get there?”Charles D. Kovenwww.ipcc.chwww.oneplanetpodcast.orgwww.creativeprocess.info

"The IPCC Report is structured into three big sections. The first section is on the science of climate change - the physical science, the carbon cycle. Basically, what are the causes of climate change? What can we expect in the future if we follow different pathways of emissions, in terms of the effects on the climate system, on precipitation, on global warming, on loss of ice in the cryosphere, on the oceans, ocean acidification... all these aspects of the physical science. That's the part that I worked on."Dr. Charles D. Koven is an Earth System Scientist, working in the Climate Sciences Department at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He investigates feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle. Dr. Koven's primary research focus is on high-latitude feedbacks to climate change, and in particular the role of soil carbon in permafrost soils, and its response to changing climate. Dr. Koven is a lead author on the IPCC report as part of Working Group I, The Physical Science Basis of Climate Change.Charles D. Kovenwww.ipcc.chwww.oneplanetpodcast.orgwww.creativeprocess.info

Dr. Charles D. Koven is an Earth System Scientist, working in the Climate Sciences Department at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He investigates feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle. Dr. Koven's primary research focus is on high-latitude feedbacks to climate change, and in particular the role of soil carbon in permafrost soils, and its response to changing climate. Dr. Koven is a lead author on the IPCC report as part of Working Group I, The Physical Science Basis of Climate Change."How do we actually get deployment of clean technologies everywhere around the world with the urgency that's needed, at the scale that's needed is an incredibly daunting challenge. We do have a lot of the technologies. We haven't deployed them as fast as we would hope, but that seems to be changing. Solar is the fastest growing energy source in the world right now. We are starting to see movement in terms of the replacement of our light duty passenger vehicle transport system away from gasoline-powered cars and towards electric cars. So we're starting to see important movements happening.”Charles D. Kovenwww.ipcc.chwww.oneplanetpodcast.orgwww.creativeprocess.info

“Looking into the future, as a scientist, what I've learned how to do is hold multiple futures in my head at the same time because we just don't know. We don't know what the future holds. We need to fight for the futures that we want, and against the futures that we don't want. All I can really say is that it's up to us. It's up to us to fight and advocate for the future we want, and what does that look like, and how do we get there?”Dr. Charles D. Koven is an Earth System Scientist, working in the Climate Sciences Department at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He investigates feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle. Dr. Koven's primary research focus is on high-latitude feedbacks to climate change, and in particular the role of soil carbon in permafrost soils, and its response to changing climate. Dr. Koven is a lead author on the IPCC report as part of Working Group I, The Physical Science Basis of Climate Change.Charles D. Kovenwww.ipcc.chwww.oneplanetpodcast.orgwww.creativeprocess.info

Dr. Charles D. Koven is an Earth System Scientist, working in the Climate Sciences Department at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He investigates feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle. Dr. Koven's primary research focus is on high-latitude feedbacks to climate change, and in particular the role of soil carbon in permafrost soils, and its response to changing climate. Dr. Koven is a lead author on the IPCC report as part of Working Group I, The Physical Science Basis of Climate Change."The IPCC Report is structured into three big sections. The first section is on the science of climate change - the physical science, the carbon cycle. Basically, what are the causes of climate change? What can we expect in the future if we follow different pathways of emissions, in terms of the effects on the climate system, on precipitation, on global warming, on loss of ice in the cryosphere, on the oceans, ocean acidification... all these aspects of the physical science. That's the part that I worked on."Charles D. Kovenwww.ipcc.chwww.oneplanetpodcast.orgwww.creativeprocess.info

“Looking into the future, as a scientist, what I've learned how to do is hold multiple futures in my head at the same time because we just don't know. We don't know what the future holds. We need to fight for the futures that we want, and against the futures that we don't want. All I can really say is that it's up to us. It's up to us to fight and advocate for the future we want, and what does that look like, and how do we get there?”Dr. Charles D. Koven is an Earth System Scientist, working in the Climate Sciences Department at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He investigates feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle. Dr. Koven's primary research focus is on high-latitude feedbacks to climate change, and in particular the role of soil carbon in permafrost soils, and its response to changing climate. Dr. Koven is a lead author on the IPCC report as part of Working Group I, The Physical Science Basis of Climate Change.Charles D. Kovenwww.ipcc.chwww.oneplanetpodcast.orgwww.creativeprocess.info

"How do we actually get deployment of clean technologies everywhere around the world with the urgency that's needed, at the scale that's needed is an incredibly daunting challenge. We do have a lot of the technologies. We haven't deployed them as fast as we would hope, but that seems to be changing. Solar is the fastest growing energy source in the world right now. We are starting to see movement in terms of the replacement of our light duty passenger vehicle transport system away from gasoline-powered cars and towards electric cars. So we're starting to see important movements happening.”Dr. Charles D. Koven is an Earth System Scientist, working in the Climate Sciences Department at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He investigates feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle. Dr. Koven's primary research focus is on high-latitude feedbacks to climate change, and in particular the role of soil carbon in permafrost soils, and its response to changing climate. Dr. Koven is a lead author on the IPCC report as part of Working Group I, The Physical Science Basis of Climate Change.Charles D. Kovenwww.ipcc.chwww.oneplanetpodcast.orgwww.creativeprocess.info

For our new mini-series - Science, Policy and Climate Resilience - Host Rob Doubleday is joined by our new Co-Host Emily So, Professor of Architectural Engineering, University of Cambridge. Season 6 is focusing on the race to resilience global climate campaign and how to accelerate climate priorities after COP26. In this first episode, Rob and Emily are joined by Dr Emily Shuckburgh, Climate Scientist and Director at Cambridge Zero, the University of Cambridge's climate initiative, Amy Mount, a climate policy and politics expert who has worked in government, NGOs and now advises philanthropies, and Dimitri Zenghelis, Economist and Co-Founder of the Wealth Economy Project at the Bennett Institute for Public Policy in Cambridge. -- Season 6 is produced in partnership with the research project Expertise Under Pressure, Centre for the Humanities and Social Change at the University of Cambridge. CSaP: The Science & Policy Podcast is edited and produced by CSaP Communications Coordinator Jessica Foster. Research for this series is supported by CSaP Policy Researcher Nick Cosstick. Podcast theme music by Transistor.fm. Learn how to start a podcast here. -- Resources relevant to this episode: The Glasgow Climate Pact – Key Outcomes from COP26. Glasgow Climate Pact: https://unfccc.int/documents/310475 Last IPPC Report published before COP26––Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. The Paris Agreement: https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement Cambridge Zero work on cascading risks associated with climate change. Bennett Institute working paper – Climate and Fiscal Sustainability: Risks and Opportunities. The Climate Change Act: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/27/contents UK Climate Change Risk Assessment 2022: https://bit.ly/3Py8vQH Climate Change Committee New Article – It's Time to Turn the Tide on UK Adaptation Action Climate Change Committe Post-COP26 report – COP26: Key Outcomes and Next Steps for the UK. UN Convention on Biological Diversity: ​https://bit.ly/3MBTbRm Sign up to our CSaP newsletter by clicking here.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) latest report, Mitigation of Climate Change, provides an update on the planet's current trajectory for global warming, the failings of governments to live up to their climate promises, and the solutions that need to be rapidly implemented to drastically reduce emissions and limit future warming. This is part three of its Sixth Assessment Report. Dr. Paulina Jaramillo joins us to discuss the report and the section of the report which she was the Coordinating Lead Author, the decarbonization of transportation. If you haven't already, listen to our conversation here with IPCC lead author Dr. Ed Hawkins on part one of Sixth Assessment Report, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. And be sure to check our interview with Prof. Jörn Birkmann on part two of the Sixth Assessment Report, Climate Impacts, Adaptations, and Vulnerability. Subscribe to our Substack newsletter "The Climate Weekly": https://theclimateweekly.substack.com/ As always, follow us @climatepod on Twitter and email us at theclimatepod@gmail.com. Our music is "Gotta Get Up" by The Passion Hifi, check out his music at thepassionhifi.com. Rate, review and subscribe to this podcast on iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, and more! Subscribe to our new YouTube channel! Join our Facebook group. Check out our updated website!

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) latest report, Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, provides another critical summary for policymakers on the growing threat of warming temperatures as well as the loss and damages that have already occurred. This is part two of its Sixth Assessment Report. Prof. Jörn Birkmann, one of the lead authors of the report, joins the show to discuss the IPCC latest findings, what it means for policymakers, and how the world needs to adapt to climate change, mitigate further climate risk, protect the most vulnerable communities around the globe, and recognize loss and damages.  Listen to our conversation here with IPCC lead author Dr. Ed Hawkins on part one of Sixth Assessment Report, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Read Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Subscribe to our Substack newsletter "The Climate Weekly": https://theclimateweekly.substack.com/ As always, follow us @climatepod on Twitter and email us at theclimatepod@gmail.com. Our music is "Gotta Get Up" by The Passion Hifi, check out his music at thepassionhifi.com. Rate, review and subscribe to this podcast on iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, and more! Subscribe to our new YouTube channel! Join our Facebook group. Check out our updated website!

CLICK HERE to listen to episode audio (5:18).Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments ImagesExtra Information Sources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 12-17-21.TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of December 20, 2021. MUSIC – ~14 sec - - Lyrics: “When the rains come, when the rains come, is it gonna be a new day?” That's part of “Rains Come,” by the Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Va.-based band The Steel Wheels, from their 2019 album “Over the Trees.”  It opens an update of a previous episode on the Virginia Coastal Resilience Master Plan—an effort to prepare for and adapt to sea-level rise, recurrent flooding, and impacts of climate change.  As in the earlier episode, we set the stage with part of “Cypress Canoe,” by Bob Gramann of Fredericksburg, Va., from his 2019 album “I Made It Just for You.”  The song's a commentary on the current and potential impacts of sea-level rise, and in the part you'll hear, the story-teller bemoans a lack of planning and action to avoid or reduce such impacts. Have a listen for about 20 seconds. MUSIC – ~18 sec – Lyrics: “Half of a city awash in the tides; when I think of what happened, it tears my insides. Oh, we could've been smarter, we could've have planned, but the world caught a fever, infected by man.” Facing current and predicted impacts to coastal areas from sea-level rise and recurrent flooding, Virginia has started planning.   On December 7, 2021, Virginia Gov. Ralph Northam announced completion of Phase One of the Coastal Resilience Master Plan.  Work on the plan started about four years ago accelerated after the November 2020 release of a planning framework identifying guiding principles and specific steps to complete the plan.  Since then, a technical study, the work of a technical advisory committee, and input from some 2000 stakeholders have helped form the plan. The 266-page plan covers the area of Virginia from the Fall Line to the Atlantic coastline, which includes about six million residents.  For those areas, the plan identifies vulnerabilities to, and impacts from, current and expected sea-level rise and increased flooding.  It focuses on ways the Commonwealth can increase resilience, which the plan defines as “the capability to anticipate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from hazards to minimize damage to social well-being, health, the economy, and the environment.”  A Coastal Resilience Database compiled for the plan includes over 500 examples of projects to adapt to changing conditions and of initiatives to build capacity in information, skills, and tools.  Funding for such efforts may come from various sources, but one key source is the Virginia Community Flood Preparedness Fund, created by the Virginia General Assembly in 2020 and using money accrued from the auction of carbon allowances. Implementation of the plan will be managed by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation in cooperation with the Commonwealth's Chief Resilience Officer and the Special Assistant to the Governor for Coastal Adaptation and Protection.  Phase Two of the plan, with more data and project information, is to be completed by 2024, and updates to the whole plan are supposed to occur every five years. According to the plan's impact assessment, between now and 2080 Virginia is projected to face large increases in residents exposed to coastal flooding, in flood property damage, in roadway miles exposed to chronic flooding, and in losses of tidal wetlands, dunes, and beaches.  As Gov. Northam stated in a December 7 letter accompanying the plan's release, the plan provides a “clearer picture of the scope and scale” of these challenges, catalogs current resilience efforts, and identifies gaps in actions and in information.  Here's hoping Virginia puts its Coastal Resilience Master Plan to good use. Thanks to The Steel Wheels and to Bob Gramann for permission to use this week's music, and we close with about 10 more seconds of Mr. Gramann's “Cypress Canoe.” MUSIC – ~11 sec – instrumental. SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of Cripple Creek to open and close this episode.   In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Virginia Water Radio episode is a follow-up to Episode 552, 11-23-20. “Cypress Canoe,” from the 2019 album “I Made It Just for You,” is copyright by Bob Gramann, used with permission.  More information about Bob Gramann is available online at https://www.bobgramann.com/folksinger.html.  This music was used previously by Virginia Water Radio most recently in Episode 552, 11-23-20. “Rains Come,” from the 2019 album “Over the Trees,” is copyright by The Steel Wheels, used with permission.  A July 2019 review by Americana Highways of this album and track is available online at https://americanahighways.org/2019/07/09/review-the-steel-wheels-over-the-trees-is-primary-rhythms-and-organic-melodies/.  More information about The Steel Wheels is available online at https://www.thesteelwheels.com/ and in a July 2015 article at http://whurk.org/29/the-steel-wheels.  This music was used previously by Virginia Water Radio in Episode 552, 11-23-20. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. IMAGES Map of the four master planning regions, with their respective and the planning district commissions (PDC) and regional commissions (RC), in the “Virginia Coastal Resilience Master Plan, Phase I,” December 2021. Map from the plan document, page 9, accessed online https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/crmp/plan. Chart of population and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the four master planning regions identified in the “Virginia Coastal Resilience Master Plan, Phase I,” December 2021. Image from the plan document, page 24, accessed online at https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/crmp/plan. EXTRA INFORMATION ABOUT THE VIRGINIA COASTAL RESILIENCE MASTER PLAN, PHASE I Following is an excerpt from the December 7, 2021, news release from Virginia Governor Ralph Northam's office, Governor Northam Releases Virginia's First Coastal Resilience Master Plan; Virginia takes monumental action to build a resilient coast, combating climate change and rising sea levels. “HAMPTON—Governor Ralph Northam today released the Virginia Coastal Resilience Master Plan, providing a foundational and fundamental step towards protecting Virginia's coast. “Virginia's coastal areas face significant impacts from rising sea levels and increased storm flooding.  The Commonwealth, regional and local entities have to take meaningful and continuous action to ensure the long-term sustainability of Virginia's coastal resources and communities. … “Earlier this year, the Commonwealth worked with 2,000 stakeholders to build the Coastal Resilience Master Plan.  This plan documents which land is exposed to coastal flooding hazards now and into the future, as well as the impacts of those future scenarios on coastal Virginia's community resources and manmade and natural infrastructure. “The Master Plan concluded that between 2020 and 2080: the number of residents living in homes exposed to extreme coastal flooding is projected to grow from approximately 360,000 to 943,000, an increase of 160%; the number of residential, public, and commercial buildings exposed to an extreme coastal flood is projected to increase by almost 150%, from 140,000 to 340,000, while annualized flood damages increase by 1,300% from $0.4 to $5.1 billion; the number of miles of roadways exposed to chronic coastal flooding is projected to increase from 1,000 to nearly 3,800 miles, an increase of nearly 280%; and an estimated 170,000 acres, or 89%, of existing tidal wetlands and 3,800 acres, or 38%, of existing dunes and beaches may be permanently inundated, effectively lost to open water. “The Coastal Resiliency Database and Web Explorer is a publicly available database that shows the impact of coastal flood hazards, current and proposed resilience projects, as well as funding sources.  This database will serve as a vital tool to support resilience efforts at the state, regional, and local levels. … “The Commonwealth intends to develop successive updates of the Master Plan on at least a five-year cycle, managed by the Department of Conservation and Recreation in consultation with the Chief Resilience Officer, the Special Assistant to the Governor for Coastal Adaptation and Protection, and the Technical Advisory Committee. “The next phase of the Master Plan is anticipated by 2024, will aim to address recommendations of the TAC to broaden the analysis of natural hazards by including rainfall-driven, riverine, and compound flooding, expand and improve the inventory of resilience projects, by continuing to add efforts and working with project owners to better understand the benefits of projects, and extend this critical work beyond the coastal region to encompass statewide resilience needs. …” SOURCESUsed for AudioVirginia Governor's Office News Release, Governor Northam Releases Virginia's First Coastal Resilience Master Plan; Virginia takes monumental action to build a resilient coast, combating climate change and rising sea levels, December 7, 2021. Virginia Governor Ralph Northam, December 7, 2021, letter accompanying release of the Virginia Coastal Resilience Master Plan, online (as a PDF) at https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/crmp/document/CRMP-Gov-Letter.pdf. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, “Community Flood Preparedness Fund Grants and Loans,” online at https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/dam-safety-and-floodplains/dsfpm-cfpf. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, “Virginia Coastal Resilience Master Plan,” online at https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/crmp/plan.  The full document and a two-page summary are available on the page.   “Resilience” is defined in the Master Plan “Introduction” on page 5; the areas covered by the plan are identified in the “Introduction” on page 9; who's coordinating the plan is identified in the “Introduction” on page 6. Virginia Legislative Information System (LIS), online at http://lis.virginia.gov/lis.htm. See particularly the following bills related to recurrent coastal flooding: 2014 HJ 16 and SJ 3, calling for formation of the Joint Subcommittee to Formulate Recommendations for the Development of a Comprehensive and Coordinated Planning Effort to Address Recurrent Flooding; 2016 HJ 84 and SJ 58, continuing the work of the joint subcommittee formed in 2014 and changing it to the Joint Subcommittee on Coastal Flooding;2016 SB 282, establishing the Virginia Shoreline Resiliency Fund;2020 HB 22 and SB 320, continuing the Shoreline Resiliency Fund as the Community Flood Preparedness Fund;2020 HB 981 and SB 1027, establishing a carbon allowances trading program for Virginia and providing that some of the revenue from the sale of carbon allowances go to the Community Flood Preparedness Fund. For More Information about Sea Level Rise, Coastal and Tidal Flooding, and Resilience John Boon et al., “Planning for Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flooding,” Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), October 2008, online (as PDF) at https://www.vims.edu/research/units/legacy/icccr/_docs/coastal_sea_level.pdf. City of Alexandria, Va., “Flood Mitigation,” online at https://www.alexandriava.gov/special/waterfront/default.aspx?id=85880. City of Norfolk, Va., “Flood Awareness and Mitigation,” online at https://www.norfolk.gov/1055/Flooding-Awareness-Mitigation. City of Virginia Beach Department of Public Works, “Sea Level Wise,” online at https://www.vbgov.com/government/departments/public-works/comp-sea-level-rise/Pages/default.aspx. Coastal Resilience, online at https://coastalresilience.org/. Coastal Resilience/Virginia is online at https://coastalresilience.org/category/virginia/. Sandy Hausman, “Online Tool Helps Coastal Communities Plan for Climate Change,” WVTF FM-Roanoke, Va., 10/11/18, 2 min./34 sec. audio https://www.wvtf.org/post/online-tool-helps-coastal-communities-plan-climate-change#stream/0. This is a report about the Virginia Eastern Shore Coastal Resilience Mapping and Decision Support Tool. Joey Holleman, “Designing for Water—Strategies to Mitigate Flood Impacts,” Coastal Heritage, Winter 2019, South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, online at https://www.scseagrant.org/designing-for-water/. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), “Sixth Assessment Synthesis Report,” online at https://www.ipcc.ch/ar6-syr/.  Sea level rise is addressed in the “Physical Science Basis” section (by Working Group I), online at https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-i/. The IPCC “Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate,” September 2019, is online at https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/home/. Rita Abou Samra, “Alexandria is already often waterlogged. How will it adjust to climate change?” 9/13/18, for Greater Greater Washington, online at https://ggwash.org/view/69058/alexandria-is-already-often-waterlogged-how-will-it-adjust-to-climate-change. SeaLevelRise.org, “Virginia's Sea Level Is Rising—And It's Costing Over $4 Billion,” online at https://sealevelrise.org/states/virginia/. U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability Program (US CLIVAR), “Sea Level Hotspots from Florida to Maine—Drivers, Impacts, and Adaptation,” April 23-25, 2019, workshop in Norfolk, Va., online at https://usclivar.org/meetings/sea-level-hotspots-florida-maine. Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), “U.S. Sea Level Report Cards,” online at https://www.vims.edu/research/products/slrc/index.php. Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), “Recurrent Flooding Study for Tidewater Virginia,” 2013, available online (as a PDF) at http://ccrm.vims.edu/recurrent_flooding/Recurrent_Flooding_Study_web.pdf.  This study was significant in the Virginia General Assembly's formation in 2014 of the Joint Subcommittee to Formulate Recommendations for the Development of a Comprehensive and Coordinated Planning Effort to Address Recurrent Flooding. Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS)/Center for Coastal Resources Management, “Climate Change and Coastal Resilience,” online at https://www.vims.edu/ccrm/research/climate_change/index.php.  This site includes a 40-second video on sea level rise in Virginia and a 40-second video on nuisance flooding. Wetlands Watch, “Dutch Dialogues—Virginia: Life at Sea Level,” online at http://wetlandswatch.org/dutch-dialogues. William and Mary Law School/Virginia Coastal Policy Center, 7th Annual Conference: “The Three P's of Resilience: Planning, Partnerships, and Paying for It All,” November 15, 2019, Williamsburg, Va., online at this link. RELATED VIRGINIA WATER RADIO EPISODES All Water Radio episodes are listed by category at the Index link above (http://www.virginiawaterradio.org/p/index.html).  See particularly the “Weather/Climate/Natural Disasters” subject category. Following are links to some previous episodes on climate change, sea-level rise, and coastal flooding in Virginia. Episode 231, 9-15-14 – Climate change impacts in Virginia National Park Service units, including Assateague Island National Seashore. Episode 441, 10-8-18 – on sea-level rise and citizen measurement of king tides. Episode 494, 10-14-19 – on sea-level rise and coastal flooding. Episode 511, 2-10-20 – on sea-level rise and the Saltmarsh Sparrow. Episode 552, 11-23-20 – on the Virginia Coastal Resilience Master Planning Framework. Episode 602, 11-8-21 – on photosynthesis, including its relationship to climate change. FOR VIRGINIA TEACHERS – RELATED STANDARDS OF LEARNING (SOLs) AND OTHER INFORMATION Following are some Virginia Standards of Learning (SOLs) that may be supported by this episode's audio/transcript, sources, or other information included in this post. 2020 Music SOLs SOLs at various grade levels that call for “examining the relationship of music to the other fine arts and other fields of knowledge.” 2018 Science SOLs Grades K-5: Earth and Space Systems 4.4 – Weather conditions and climate have effects on ecosystems and can be predicted. Grade 6 6.6 – Water has unique physical properties and has a role in the natural and human-made environment. 6.9 – Humans impact the environment and individuals can influence public policy decisions related to energy and the environment. Life Science LS.9 – Relationships exist between ecosystem dynamics and human activity. Earth Science ES.6 – Resource use is complex. ES.8 – Freshwater resources influence and are influenced by geologic processes and human activity. ES.10 – Oceans are complex, dynamic systems subject to long- and short-term variations. ES.11 – The atmosphere is a complex, dynamic system subject to long-and short-term variations. ES.12 – The Earth's weather and climate result from the interaction of the sun's energy with the atmosphere, oceans, and the land. Biology BIO.8 – Dynamic equilibria exist within populations, communities, and ecosystems. 2015 Social Studies SOLs Virginia Studies Course VS.10 – Knowledge of government, geography, and economics in present-day Virginia. United States History: 1865-to-Present Course USII.9 – Domestic and international issues during the second half of the 20th Century and the early 21st Century. Civics and Economics Course CE.7 – Government at the state level. CE.8 – Government at the local level. CE.10 – Public policy at local, state, and national levels. World Geography Course WG.2 – How selected physical and ecological processes shape the Earth's surface, including climate, weather, and how humans influence their environment and are influenced by it. WG.18 – Cooperation among political jurisdictions to solve problems and settle disputes. Virginia and United States History Course VUS.14 – Political and social conditions in the 21st Century. Government Course GOVT.8 – State and local government organization and powers. GOVT.9 – Public policy process at local, state, and national levels. GOVT.15 – Role of government in Va. and U.S. economies, including examining environmental issues and property rights. Virginia's SOLs are available from the Virginia Department of Education, online at http://www.doe.virginia.gov/testing/. Following are links to Water Radio episodes (various topics) designed especially for certain K-12 grade levels. Episode 250, 1-26-15 – on boiling, for kindergarten through 3rd grade. Episode 255, 3-2-15 – on density, for 5th and 6th grade. Episode 282, 9-21-15 – on living vs. non-living, for kindergarten. Episode 309, 3-28-16 – on temperature regulation in animals, for kindergarten through 12th grade. Episode 333, 9-12-16 – on dissolved gases, especially dissolved oxygen in aquatic habitats, for 5th grade. Episode 404, 1-22-18 – on ice on ponds and lakes, for 4th through 8th grade. Episode 406, 2-5-18 – on ice on rivers, for middle school. Episode 407, 2-12-18 – on snow chemistry and physics, for high school. Episode 483, 7-29-19 – on buoyancy and drag, for middle school and high school. Episode 524, 5-11-20 – on sounds by water-related animals, for elementary school through high school. Episode 531, 6-29-20 – on various ways that animals get water, for 3rd and 4th grade. Episode 539, 8-24-20 – on basic numbers and facts about Virginia's water resources, for 4th and 6th grade. Episode 606, 12-6-21 – on freezing and ice, for kindergarten through 3rd grade.

welcome to the nonlinear library, where we use text-to-speech software to convert the best writing from the rationalist and ea communities into audio. this is: Good news on climate change, published by John G. Halstead, jackvaon the effective altruism forum. This post is about how much warming we should expect on current policy and assuming emissions stop at 2100. We argue the risk of extreme warming (>6 degrees) conditional on these assumptions now looks much lower than it once did. Crucially, the point of this post is about the direction of an update, not an absolute assessment of risk -- indeed, the two of us disagree a fair amount on the absolute risk, but strongly agree on the direction and relative magnitude of the update. The damage of climate change depends on three things: How much we emit The warming we get, conditional on emissions The impact of a given level of warming. The late and truly great economist Martin Weitzman argued for many years that the catastrophic risk from climate change was greater than commonly recognised. In 2015, Weitzman, along with Gernot Wagner, an economist now at New York University, released Climate Shock, which argued that the chance of more than 6 degrees of warming is worryingly high. Using the International Energy Agency's estimate of the most likely level of emissions on current policy, and the IPCC's estimate of climate sensitivity, Wagner and Weitzman estimated that the chance of more than 6 degrees is 11%, on current policy.[1] In recent years, the chance of more than 6 degrees of warming on current policy has fallen quite substantially for two reasons: Emissions now look likely to be lower The right tails of climate sensitivity have become thinner 1. Good news on emissions For a long time the climate policy and impacts community was focused on one possible ‘business as usual' emissions scenario known as Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5), a worst case against which climate action would be compared. Each representative concentration pathway can be paired with a socioeconomic story of how the world will develop in key areas such as population, income, inequality and education. These are known as ‘shared socioeconomic pathways' (SSPs). The latest IPCC report outlines five shared socioeconomic pathways. The only one that is compatible with RCP8.5 is a high economic growth fossil fuel-powered future called Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 5 (SSP5). In combination, SSP5 and RCP8.5 is called ‘SSP5-8.5'. On SSP5-8.5, we would emit a further 2.2 trillion tonnes of carbon by 2100, on top of the 0.65 trillion tonnes we have emitted so far.[2] For reference, we currently put about 10 billion tonnes of carbon into the atmosphere from fossil fuel burning and industry.[3] The other emissions pathways are shown below: IPCC, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, Assessment Review 6, Summary for Policymakers: Figure SPM.4 However, for a variety of reasons, SSP5-RCP8.5 now looks increasingly unlikely as a ‘business as usual' emissions pathway. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, the costs of renewables and batteries have declined extremely quickly. Historically, models have been too pessimistic on cost declines for solar, wind and batteries: out of nearly 3,000 Integrated Assessment Models, none projected that solar investment costs (different to the levelised costs shown below) would decline by more than 6% per year between 2010 and 2020. In fact, they declined by 15% per year.[4] This means that renewables will play an increasing role in energy supply in the future. In part for this reason, energy systems models now suggest that high fossil fuel futures are much less likely. For example, the chart below shows emissions on current policies and pledged policies, according to the International Energy Agency. Source: Hausfather and Peters, ‘Emissions – the ‘business as usual' story is misleading', Nature, 2020. The chart above from Hausfather and Peters (2020) relies...

Human actions are leading rises in global temperatures and brachycephalic (smush-faced) dogs are increasing in popularity, but these dogs are at an increased risk of developing heat-related illnesses. Therefore, it is important to know the clinical signs associated with heat stroke to help best prevent this disease. Episode Hosts: Allison Crowell, Ariana Dickson, Megan Slaughter Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Special Guests: Dr. Carissa Tong, DVM, DACVECC and Tricia Fry, pug owner and PhD candidate EPISODE NOTES: Brachycephalic dogs, well-known as our “smush-faced” friends (think: English bulldogs, French bulldogs, pugs, Boston Terriers, etc) have been rising in popularity in both the US and UK in the last decade. As adorable as these dogs are, both in looks and in temperament, these breeds are predisposed to heat-related illnesses. Considering this, rising global temperatures due to climate change will only increase the risk for these dogs. Join us as we explore why brachycephalic dogs are so prone to heat stroke, the signs to look for in your pets, and what you can do to help against climate change. References: Increasing Popularity in the UK: O'Neill, D.G., Darwent, E.C., Church, D.B., Brodbelt, D.C., 2016. Demography and health of Pugs under primary veterinary care in England. Canine Genet Epidemiol 3, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40575-016-0035-z Increasing registrations in the US: Humane Society Veterinary Medicine Association. The Cost of Cuteness: Health and Welfare Issues Associated with Brachycephalic Dog Breeds. (last accessed Nov 29, 2021). IPPC Report: Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani,A., Connors, S.L., Péan,C, Berger, S., Caud N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., Gomis, M.I., Huang, M., Leitzell, K., Lonnoy,E., Matthews,J.B.R., Maycock,T.K., Waterfield,T., Yelekçi, O., Yu, R., and Zhou, B. (eds.). IPCC, 2021: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. Article about increased risk of heat-related illness to brachycephalic breeds: Hall, E.J., Carter, A.J., O'Neill, D.G., 2020. Incidence and risk factors for heat-related illness (heatstroke) in UK dogs under primary veterinary care in 2016. Sci Rep 10, 9128. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66015-8 Article about cooler temperatures in cities with more vegetation: Ortega-Rosas, C.I., Enciso-Miranda, C.A., Macías-Duarte, A., Morales-Romero, D., Villarruel-Sahagún, L., 2020. Urban vegetation cover correlates with environmental variables in a desert city: insights of mitigation measures to climate change. Urban Ecosyst 23, 1191–1207.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-020-00982-8 Link to tree-planting project in Colorado: The Institute for Environmental Solutions

The Group of Twenty (G20) holds a pivotal summit in Rome, Japanese citizens head to the polls for parliamentary elections, and the twenty-sixth Conference of the Parties (COP26) begins in Glasgow.   Articles Mentioned in the Podcast   Alice Hill, “A World Overheating,” CFR.org, October 18, 2021   Steven Mufson et al. “Russia allows methane leaks at planet's peril,” Washington Post, October 19, 2021   Sheila Smith, “Japan's Hard Choices,” Foreign Affairs, October 28, 2021   Podcasts Mentioned   Sheila Smith and Robert McMahon, “Quad Leaders Gather, Germany Holds Elections, and More,” The World Next Week, September 23, 2021   Reports Mentioned   Emissions Gap Report 2021, UN Environment Programme, October 28, 2021   Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, August 9, 2021

Today we have a special edition of the Destination Angler Podcast on a very important issue affecting our cold-water fisheries – climate change.   Like many of you, over the past few years, I've been watching the news and hearing more and more about our climate.  No matter where you stand on man-made or natural, it's hard to ignore things seem to be warming up, especially this past summer, which was the hottest summer on record.    As I began to look into this I came across a report on the Impact of Global Warming on Trout in the Interior West that 50% of cutthroat trout habitat will be gone by 2080 if nothing is done. Can you imagine a world where half of our Cutthroat trout habitat is gone?    To help us better understand climate change, our guests are Helen Neville, Senior Scientist, and Sara Porterfield, Water Policy Associate with Trout Unlimited.  We debunk fact from fiction, the impact of our warming climate on our cold-water fisheries, and most importantly what we can do about it.  With Host, Steve Haigh Climate Change Resources: Ten Strategies for Climate Resilience in the Colorado River Basin The Yale Climate Communication page, which provides interactive maps that can be parsed in myriad ways to explore public perception of climate change based on their annuals surveys:  https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/visualizations-data/ycom-us/ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Working Group I report, Climate Change 2021: the Physical Science Basis, which was just released:  https://www.ipcc.ch/2021/08/09/ar6-wg1-20210809-pr/ TU National Leadership Climate Change Working Group website, which has recordings and slides of that overview talk I created for them:  https://www.tu.org/get-involved/volunteer-tacklebox/council-leader-resources/national-leadership-council/nlc-conservation-workgroups/climate-change-workgroup/ TU Climate Change take action page:  https://www.tu.org/climate/ Citizen's Climate Lobby, whose Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act (H.R> 2307) TU is supporting among other national policies.  They have local chapters, national meetings, D.C. advocacy days, and sorts of resources that complement TU's work on the issue:  https://citizensclimatelobby.org/ TU's Western Water 101 (blog & podcast series)   Miller Creek blog (BDAs in burned area) Brad Udall doesn't have a website, but this post from John Fleck links to some good work he did with Brad Impact of Global Warming on Trout in the Interior West by the Natural Resources Defense Council and Montana TU Destination Angler: The Destination Angler Website and Show Notes:   http://destinationangler.libsyn.com/ Get updates and pictures of destinations covered on each podcast: @DestinationAnglerPodcast on Instagram and Facebook Join in the conversation with the @DestinationAnglerConnection group on Facebook: Comments & Suggestions:  host, Steve Haigh, email shaigh50@gmail.com Available on Apple, Spotify, or where ever you get your podcasts Recorded September 30, 2021.  Episode 50. Music on the show by A Brother's Fountain, “Hitch Hike-Man”.    Podcast edited by Podcast Volume  https://www.podcastvolume.com/

Episode Summary Hosts Nicholas Gandolfo, Director, Corporate Solutions Marika Stocker, Senior Manager, Corporate Solutions In this episode, Nick and Marika discuss recent developments in sustainable finance that have caught their eye. The diverse topics covered range from the growing momentum behind sustainability-linked bonds to the Tokyo Olympics' focus on sustainability to the latest report from IPCC. They also note the continued growth of sustainable finance globally due to more issuers, markets, products, and diversification. Climate Change Considerations for Global Sporting Events With the summer Olympics behind us and the winter games only a few months away, Nick and Marika discuss the climate frameworks being developed by the International Olympic Committee and other global sporting organizations. These groups are considering the future impact of climate change on global sporting events and vice versa. The frameworks will address issues such as scope 3 emissions due to travel and transport and the effects of changing weather patterns on the locations for future events and athletes' safety.  The Nuanced and Multidimensional Nature of ESG Ratings In response to a recent article criticizing the use of ESG scores in credit analysis, Nick touches on the nuances of ESG ratings and how they are used. He cites the multidimensional nature of ESG ratings, noting that some of Sustainalytics' clients don't use the top-level ESG Risk Rating score, but rather use aspects of the data to inform their models and investment approach. Earth Overshoot Day and IPCC's "Code Red" for Humanity  Two interesting and important sets of research are also highlighted. The first is Earth Overshoot Day, which fell on July 29 this year. This marks the date when the human population's demand for ecological resources outstrips what the Earth can generate in that year. Unfortunately, the date continues to creep closer and closer to the start of the year. The second is the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) sixth assessment report. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis analyzes global climate science research and warns that some of the key effects of climate change, such as rising sea levels, may be irreversible for thousands of years. This work on the current state of the global climate system and the effects of climate change will make for a sobering read ahead of the COP26 conference in Glasgow at the end of October.    Key Moments 00:00:09 Introduction 00:01:18 Market overview 00:03:11 EMIA's enhanced principles for labeled bonds 00:03:58 IOC climate framework 00:05:23 Earth Overshoot Day 00:06:07 Blockchain and green finance 00:06:42 ESG score's place in credit ratings 00:07:49 IPCC climate report 00:09:25 Carbon offsets vs targets 00:11:06 Green bonds overview 00:16:21 Social and sustainability bonds overview 00:18:12 Green loans overview 00:19:49 SLB overview 00:23:23 Audience questions 00:27:27 SLL overview 00:31:29 Labelled products 00:32:33 Transition bonds overview 00:33:28 Regulatory developments   Links to Select Resources South China Morning Post: What is Driving an Almost 200 Per Cent Growth in Sustainability-linked Debt Financing Environmental Finance: EMIA Releases 'Enhanced' Principles for Labelled Bonds Earth Overshoot Day Ledger Insights: BIS, HKMA to Explore Tokenizing Green Bonds, Including Public Blockchain Environmental Finance: 'Blunt' ESG Scores Have 'No Place' in Credit Rating Process, Says KBRA IPCC: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis Environmental Finance: Initiative Launches to Build 'Integrity' in Voluntary Carbon Markets GlobalCapital: Deutsche Bank Debuts Green Label in Formosa Format The Economic Times: Axis Bank to Now Raise up to $1 Billion Via Overseas AT1 Issue Bloomberg Green: JPMorgan Plots Derivatives Path Into New Era of ESG Finance Hellenic Shipping News: NYK Issues First Transition Bonds in Japan Bloomberg: China Firms Shy Away From ESG Loans Holding Them to Account Sustainalytics SPOs: Scotiabank Sustainable Bond Framework Second-Party Opinion Concordia Financial Group, Ltd. Green Bond Second-Party Opinion Allied Properties REIT Green Financing Framework Hysan Sustainable Finance Framework Second-Party Opinion Baidu, Inc. Sustainable Finance Framework Second-Party Opinion More Episodes

The IPCC Assessment Report 6 (AR6) Working Group I (WGI) report was published last month. The first assessment report (AR1) was published in 1990. WGI reports the Physical Science Basis and will be followed by Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (WGII), and Mitigation of Climate Change (WGIII). AR6 WGI delivers this report with much higher urgency. I outline 3 key messages, followed by the 17 key scientific points. For the die hards out there, I read out the second half of the Summary for Policy Makers (having read the first half in an earlier live episode). KEY MESSAGES: 1. Climate change is measurable and has been observed. 2. Induced levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs), particularly CO2, will cause a threat to human way of life and the biosphere. 3. Reductions of GHG are needed to reduce the impacts and risks of future climate change. SCIENTIFIC POINTS (1st 5 of 17): 1. Climate change is more visible and is increasing intensity, more than expected and indicated in earlier assessment reports. 2. Natural variability influences extreme events. We are now seeing more extreme events. 3. There is now more water vapour in the atmosphere. This has led to more flooding. 4. Current warming has already increased cyclone, hurricanes, and tropical storms. 5. Reducing GHGs and decreased deforestation are necessary. Thank you all for listening! This episode was broadcast live on radiopatapoe.nl on Friday 1st October 2021.

Welcome to Environment Today. In this podcast we will be bringing you current news and information about our planet's environment.  In this episode, we summarize the key findings of the Working Group I contribution to the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report on the physical science basis of climate change. For a complete copy of this report, please visit www.ipcc.ch.

In this podcast, the President of GPC, Lynn Beauregard sits down with the CEO at ESG Global Advisors, Sarah Keyes, CPA, CA, to discuss the urgency of climate governance in today's world. Together, they explore the trending topics and pressing challenges of climate governance, such as systemic risks, the role of the governance professional and the board, value creation, net-zero targets and more. Governance Voice is the official podcast platform of Governance Professionals of Canada and provides a view on critical insights, news, trends, and challenges in the ever-evolving world of corporate governance. This monthly podcast hosts compelling conversations and information on governance with leading experts. Resources Annual Corporate Governance Conference https://gpcanada.org/Conference "Canada makes bid to host headquarters of new sustainable accounting standards organization" - https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-canada-makes-bid-to-host-headquarters-of-new-sustainable-accounting/ Canadian Climate and Law Initiative https://ccli.ubc.ca/ The Case for ESG Governance: Best Practices and Perspectives on the Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility Role of the Board and Governance Professional (2019 GPC Conference) - https://gpcanada.org/Sys/Store/Products/18941 Chapter Zero (from World Economic Forum) https://www.chapterzero.org.uk/ Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada https://www.cpacanada.ca/#global-navigation "Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis" - https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-i/ ESG Global Advisors https://www.esgglobaladvisors.com/ Governance in the New Decade: The Rise of Boardroom ESG (2020 GPC Conference) - https://gpcanada.org/Governance-in-the-New-Decade Governance Professionals of Canada https://gpcanada.org/ Governance Library https://gpcanada.org/Governance-Library "Government launches consultations on border carbon adjustments" - https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/news/2021/08/government-launches-consultations-on-border-carbon-adjustments.html GPC's Education Resources (GPC.D) https://gpcanada.org/Education Institute of Corporate Directors https://icd.ca/ Membership at GPC https://gpcanada.org/page-19559 Net-Zero Company Benchmark https://www.climateaction100.org/progress/net-zero-company-benchmark/ "Phase 1 Report of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures" - https://www.fsb.org/2016/05/phase-1-report-of-the-task-force-on-climate-related-financial-disclosures/ "The Biden Administration's Executive Order on Climate-Related Financial Risks" - https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2021/06/22/the-biden-administrations-executive-order-on-climate-related-financial-risks/" --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/the-governance-voice/message

Welcome to Watching Brief. As the name implies, each week Marc (Mr Soup) & Andy Brockman of the Pipeline (Where history is tomorrow's news) cast an eye over news stories, topical media and entertainment and discuss and debate what they find. *** 0:00 Introduction 08:26 Heritage Sector & Climate Change 21:49 Stonehenge Plans Continue *** Link of the Week: IPCC Report Summary https://tinyurl.com/2n9w7h3a *** Links: AR6 Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/ IPCC Report: Summary for Policymakers: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM.pdf Climate change: IPCC report is 'code red for humanity': https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-58130705.amp Climate crisis: Human-caused damage could be irreversible for centuries - UN report: https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/climate-change-crisis-landmark-united-nations-report-deliver-starkest-warning/ Joe Giddings: Practical things to do as an architect in response to IPCC Report: https://twitter.com/JoeGiddings4/status/1425067282892476422 2,500-Year-Old Ancient Olive Tree Burned Down in Evia Fires in Greece: https://greekreporter.com/2021/08/08/evia-fire-greece-ancient-olive-tree-burned/ UNESCO seriously concerned about the protection of World Heritage site of the Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela (Ethiopia): https://en.unesco.org/news/unesco-seriously-concerned-about-protection-world-heritage-site-rock-hewn-churches-lalibela Lalibela: Ethiopia's Tigray rebels take Unesco world heritage town: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-58101912 Is Ethiopia's Lalibela known as the "Second Jerusalem" in danger? https://www.africanews.com/2021/07/21/is-ethiopia-s-lalibela-known-as-the-second-jerusalem-in-danger/ Centuries-Old Rock-Hewn Churches in Ethiopia Threatened by Warfare: https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/rock-hewn-churches-ethiopia-tigray-conflict-1234601045/ Tigrayan fighters reportedly seize control of UN World Heritage Site in Ethiopia: https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/06/africa/ethiopia-lalibela-tigray-forces-intl-afr/index.html Ethiopia: Troops and militia rape, abduct women and girls in Tigray conflict – new report: https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/08/ethiopia-troops-and-militia-rape-abduct-women-and-girls-in-tigray-conflict-new-report/ Ethiopia's Tigray war: The short, medium and long story: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-54964378

Welcome to Watching Brief. As the name implies, each week Marc (Mr Soup) & Andy Brockman of the Pipeline (Where history is tomorrow's news) cast an eye over news stories, topical media and entertainment and discuss and debate what they find. *** 0:00 Introduction 08:26 Heritage Sector & Climate Change 21:49 Stonehenge Plans Continue *** Link of the Week: IPCC Report Summary https://tinyurl.com/2n9w7h3a *** Links: AR6 Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/ IPCC Report: Summary for Policymakers: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM.pdf Climate change: IPCC report is 'code red for humanity': https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-58130705.amp Climate crisis: Human-caused damage could be irreversible for centuries - UN report: https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/climate-change-crisis-landmark-united-nations-report-deliver-starkest-warning/ Joe Giddings: Practical things to do as an architect in response to IPCC Report: https://twitter.com/JoeGiddings4/status/1425067282892476422 2,500-Year-Old Ancient Olive Tree Burned Down in Evia Fires in Greece: https://greekreporter.com/2021/08/08/evia-fire-greece-ancient-olive-tree-burned/ UNESCO seriously concerned about the protection of World Heritage site of the Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela (Ethiopia): https://en.unesco.org/news/unesco-seriously-concerned-about-protection-world-heritage-site-rock-hewn-churches-lalibela Lalibela: Ethiopia's Tigray rebels take Unesco world heritage town: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-58101912 Is Ethiopia's Lalibela known as the "Second Jerusalem" in danger? https://www.africanews.com/2021/07/21/is-ethiopia-s-lalibela-known-as-the-second-jerusalem-in-danger/ Centuries-Old Rock-Hewn Churches in Ethiopia Threatened by Warfare: https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/rock-hewn-churches-ethiopia-tigray-conflict-1234601045/ Tigrayan fighters reportedly seize control of UN World Heritage Site in Ethiopia: https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/06/africa/ethiopia-lalibela-tigray-forces-intl-afr/index.html Ethiopia: Troops and militia rape, abduct women and girls in Tigray conflict – new report: https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/08/ethiopia-troops-and-militia-rape-abduct-women-and-girls-in-tigray-conflict-new-report/ Ethiopia's Tigray war: The short, medium and long story: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-54964378    

Weekly roundup for August 21, 2021 I clarify some previous remarks about Nina Turner's loss and state-based single payer/M4A. Also, the IPCC report indicates the federal government is not doing nearly enough to address climate change. And what does the fall of Kabul mean for the 2024 presidential election? NOTES: 1. "Major climate changes inevitable and irreversible – IPCC's starkest warning yet", The Guardian, August 9, 2021; https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/aug/09/humans-have-caused-unprecedented-and-irreversible-change-to-climate-scientists-warn 2. "AR6 Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis", Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, August 9, 2021; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1 3. "The fall of Kabul: a 20-year mission collapses in a single day", The Guardian, August 15, 2021; https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/15/the-fall-of-kabul-a-20-year-mission-collapses-in-a-single-day 4. "Keys to the White House", PollyVote, accessed August 19, 2021; https://pollyvote.com/en/components/models/mixed/keys-to-the-white-house 5. "Pattern recognition applied to presidential elections in the United States, 1860-1980: Role of integral social, economic, and political traits", by A. J. Lichtman and V. I. Keilis-Borok, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, November 1, 1981; https://www.pnas.org/content/78/11/7230 MUSIC CREDIT: "Angry Bass Line", by Adigold; elements.envato.com IMAGE CREDIT: United States Air Force, public domain; https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Operation_Allies_Refuge_Image_2_of_10.jpg

The U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released part of a major report on the current state of the climate crisis, AR6 Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Hundreds of climate scientists were tasked with providing a physical science basis for policymakers to understand the past, present, and future of global warming. This is the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report on the state of the climate crisis.  Dr. Ed Hawkins, one of the lead authors of the report, joins the show to explain some of the report's biggest findings, what it means for our climate future, and what we should learn to act now to avoid the worst consequences yet to come. Dr. Hawkins is a professor of climate science at the University of Reading and internationally known for the creation of the climate stripes, which are the visualization of warming over time. Everywhere you look you see Dr. Hawkins' climate stripes, on social media with #ShowYourStripes, on t-shirts, even during the opening ceremony of the 2016 Rio Olympics. Check out The Climate Pod's YouTube Summary of the IPCC Report Subscribe to our Substack newsletter "The Climate Weekly": https://theclimateweekly.substack.com/ As always, follow us @climatepod on Twitter and email us at theclimatepod@gmail.com. Our music is "Gotta Get Up" by The Passion Hifi, check out his music at thepassionhifi.com. Rate, review and subscribe to this podcast on iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, and more! Subscribe to our new YouTube channel! Join our Facebook group. Check out our updated website! Further Reading/Listening: Learn more about the Warming Stripes Read AR6 Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis.

Welcome to the 221st day of the year, at least, that’s the spot on the annual timeline upon which this script was written and the chronic coordinates when this recording was made. We can also just go ahead and say it’s August 9, but where would the fun be in that? In any case, this is the 229th edition of Charlottesville Community Engagement, which is also perhaps an unnecessary numerical signifier. Either way, I’m Sean Tubbs, your two syllable host. On today’s show:The General Assembly signs off on Governor Northam’s $4.3 billion ARPA spending plan, but makes a few adjustmentsOne Albemarle Supervisor warns about dry conditions And a federal partnership is seeking volunteers to help map urban heat island conditions in CharlottesvilleIn today’s Patreon-fueled shout-out: The Rivanna Conservation Alliance is looking for a few good volunteers to help out on Clean Stream Tuesdays, a mile and a half paddle and clean-up to remove trash and debris from popular stretches of the Rivanna River. Trash bags, trash pickers, gloves, and hand sanitizer/wipes will be provided, though volunteers will need to transport themselves to and from the end points. Kayaks for the purpose can be rented from the Rivanna River Company. Visit the Rivanna Conservation Alliance's volunteer page to learn more about upcoming dates.The seven-day average for COVID cases in Virginia continues to rise with the Virginia Department of Health reporting that number as 1,626 today. On Saturday, there were 1,784 new cases reported, 1,573 cases reported Sunday and 1,298 today. The seven-day percent positivity rose to 7.3 percent. As of Friday, 98.55 percent of cases since February have been in people who have not been fully vaccinated. There are 51 cases reported in the Blue Ridge Health District today and the percent positivity rose to 4.5 percent. On Friday, leaders at the University of Virginia announced they would begin requiring masks indoors in order to prevent the spread of the Delta variant of COVID-19. UVA is still preparing to begin the fall semester later this month. According to UVA Today, the policy applies to indoor spaces owned or leased by the University, but are not required when eating or drinking. The policy also does not apply outdoors.The General Assembly has passed a marked up version of a plan to spend $4.3 billion of state funding that comes from the federal American Rescue Plan. The legislature’s changes include $2.5 million for grants for community-based gun violence prevention reduction and $3,000 bonuses for officers who work in Sheriff’s offices and regional jails. The General Assembly also wants the Department of Motor Vehicles to submit a plan within 30 days to serve walk-in customers at service centers.  Currently all visits are made by appointment only.Around $761 million in funds will not be programmed at this time depending on the direction of the ongoing pandemic, according to a release from Governor Northam’s office. Areas with high amounts of asphalt and pavement are less healthy places to live, and a hotter climate will exacerbate the problem. The city of Charlottesville is participating in a federal program to map urban heat islands and is looking for volunteers to provide data on temperature and humidity levels. The National Integrated Heat Health Information System is a partnership between the Centers for Disease Control, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and other partners across the world. According to the website, the idea is to “understand this problem, develop a robust and science-informed response, and build capacity and communication networks to improve resilience.”The effort is seeking people who are willing to take samples on three different occasions in the last two weeks of August. If you’re interested, there’s a volunteer interest form to fill out. If you need more information, that’s available on the city website. Learn more about the NIHHIS program in a brochure on their websiteOn Friday, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change finalized the first section of their Sixth Assessment Report titled Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. A 39-page Summary for Policymakers describes in detail how human activity since the beginning of the industrial age has contributed to the gradual warming of the planet. The Arctic sea ice is melting, sea level is rising, and the report indicates that warming will continue throughout the mid-century even if greenhouse gas emissions can be cut severely. (view the various reports on the IPCC website)Earlier this month, Governor Ralph Northam announced five new historical markers will be placed across the Commonwealth to commemorate contributions Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders have played. One of them will celebrate the life of W.W. Yen, a Chinese man who graduated from the University of Virginia in 1900.“Virginia has about 2,500 historical markers across the state but not enough are dedicated to sharing [Asian American and Pacific Islander] history,” Northam said in a ceremony announcing the new markers, each of which was submitted by students across Virginia. “This is a problem because AAPI history is Virginia history.”Take a look at the release to find out who else has been recognized. W.W. Yen is the subject of one of five new historic markersThe rest of the newsletter is a review of last week’s Albemarle Board of Supervisors meeting. That was August 4 for anyone who needs a time stamp. At the top of the meeting, Supervisor Ann Mallek wanted people who don’t live in the rural area to know there’s a problem.“Urban people who have not been out in the countryside may not be aware of how severe this dryness is,” Mallek said. “We have streams drying up all over the place in the countryside and pastures are gone, hayfields are gone, cornfields are gone.” According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, Albemarle County is either in the Abnormally Dry or Moderate Drought. All of Nelson County is marked as Moderate Drought, while Fluvanna and Greene counties are Abnormally Dry. Mallek warned that the Rivanna Water and Sewer Authority be clear in reporting conditions to the city of Charlottesville and the Albemarle County Service Authority. “If we don’t start getting rain there is going to be a precipitous drop in supply,” Malelk said. “It happens very fast, like two, three, four feet a day at South Fork [reservoir] when things get to that saturation point.”According to today’s water report from the Rivanna Water and Sewer Authority, South Rivanna is full, as is the Totier Creek reservoir that serves Scottsville. Sugar Hollow is down over ten feet and Ragged Mountain is 2.31 feet below the usual level. Today’s reservoir report from the RWSAAlbemarle County has hired a new director of the Human Services Department. Ti-Kimena-Mia Coltrane will take over the position on September 20, 2021, succeeding Lorna Gerome who will retire that month. Coltrane’s most recent position was as the Organizational Learning and Development Administrator for the city of Roanoke. She has worked in human resources for 17 years and has a Bachelor’s degree in psychology from the University of North Texas, a Bachelor of Science in Human Services and religious studies from Indiana Wesleyan University, and a Master of Public Administration  from the University of Maryland. “I look forward to applying my experience in developing current and future catalyst leaders to services,” Coltrane said in a press release. Supervisors also agreed to schedule a public hearing on September 1 on whether to adopt an ordinance to levy a cigarette tax, a power that counties in Virginia only just received from the General Assembly this year. The work is being coordinated by the Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission, who will be administering a regional board to collect the tax. Lori Allshouse is the Assistant Chief Financial Officer for Policy and Partnerships for Albemarle County. “The ordinance would establish a regional board which would efficiently administer the collection, accounting, disbursement, compliance monitoring, and the enforcement of cigarette taxes assessed by localities that desire to join the board,” Allshouse said. Fluvanna, Nelson and Greene counties have expressed interest in joining the board. Madison, Orange, and Augusta counties are also considering the board, even though they are not part of the Thomas Jefferson Planning District. The city of Charlottesville is also interested. I’ll have more from the Board of Supervisors meeting and from other recent meetings in future installments of the newsletter.Thank you for reading. Did you know this is a podcast, too? Every installment of CCE (but not the Week Ahead) is a podcast as well, building off my years in audio production. Subscribe on Apple Podcasts or on Spotify! This is a public episode. Get access to private episodes at communityengagement.substack.com/subscribe

È atteso, per il 9 agosto prossimo, il "Climate change 2021: the Physical Science Basis", la prima parte di una trentina di pagine di un nuovo documento dell'Ipcc, il Gruppo intergovernativo delle Nazioni Unite di esperti sul cambiamento climatico, che fornirà ai decisori politici "le ultime conoscenze acquisite sul riscaldamento globale passato e sulle proiezioni future, mostrando come e perché il clima è cambiato fino ad oggi e includendo una migliore comprensione dell'influenza umana sul clima, inclusi gli eventi estremi". Nel renderlo noto, l'Ipcc spiega che, per approvare il rapporto, gli scienziati hanno avviato una "seduta" on line (per la prima volta, causa pandemia, una sessione di approvazione si svolge in modo virtuale ), la quale proseguirà sino al 6 agosto. Una nota precisa che "fatte salve le decisioni del Collegio, la relazione sarà pubblicata il 9 agosto". Un lavoro che arriva dopo i recenti disastri climatici nei vari continenti e prima del vertice mondiale dei Paesi Onu sul clima, vale a dire quella Cop26 di Glasgow, in programma dal 31 ottobre al 12 novembre. La seconda parte del rapporto sarà, invece, pubblicata a febbraio 2022 e riguarderà gli impatti del global warming, mentre la terza, prevista per marzo, esamina le soluzioni per ridurre le emissioni di gas serra. La presidenza dell'Ipcc ha ringraziato i 234 autori del rapporto "per il loro impegno e la determinazione" in queste condizioni, soprattutto "negli ultimi 16 mesi, quando è stata modellata la bozza finale". Nel rapporto – spiega l'Ipcc – verrà data una maggiore attenzione alle informazioni regionali che possono essere utilizzate per le valutazioni del rischio climatico. Questo studio è il contributo del Gruppo di lavoro 1 (ce ne sono 3 in totale) alla cosiddetta "Sesta relazione di valutazione", che sarà pubblicata nel 2022, dopo l'approvazione da parte dei governi dei 195 Paesi dell'Onu, ai quali viene singolarmente sottoposto per un esame e una revisione e per orientare le decisioni politiche. La Quinta relazione su riscaldamento globale ed eventi climatici estremi che sancì "la responsabilità dell'uomo" risale invece al 2014 e precede, pertanto, l'Accordo di Parigi del 2015 che - proprio sulla base del rapporto degli scienziati dell'Onu - indicò di mantenere l'aumento medio della temperatura globale entro i 2 gradi centigradi ( o meglio ancora 1,5 ), rispetto al periodo preindustriale. Obiettivo raggiungibile tagliando le emissioni di gas serra del 50% entro il 2030 e azzerandole entro il 2050. I documenti dell'Ipcc sono sempre sottoposti ad un rigido controllo. La prima bozza del rapporto del Gruppo di lavoro 1 ha, ad esempio, ricevuto ben 23.462 commenti di revisione da 750 revisori esperti, la seconda bozza ha avuto 51.387 commenti di revisione da governi e 1.279 da esperti e la Sintesi per i responsabili politici - che si è conclusa il 20 giugno scorso - ha ricevuto oltre 3.000 commenti da 47 governi. Il rapporto fa riferimento a oltre 14.000 articoli scientifici. L'approvazione dei rapporti da parte dell'Ipcc avviene "riga per riga" e lo scopo di questo procedimento è quello di " garantire che il Riepilogo per i responsabili delle politiche sia accurato, ben bilanciato e presenti chiaramente i risultati scientifici del rapporto". La Riunione Plenaria di Approvazione è, infine, il culmine del rigoroso processo di redazione e revisione cui sono sottoposti tutti i rapporti Ipcc. Ascolta "Sostenibilità" a cura di Roberto Frangipane, ogni giorno su www.giornaleradio.fm oppure scarica la nostra app