Podcasts about bialystok

"We died a thousand deaths before we were murdered," is the stand out quote from today's conversation with Rebbetzin Lisa Cook, rebbetzin of the Cincinnati Jewish Experience (CJX). This quote says it all!Rebbetzin Lisa is teaches mikvah education to Jewish women of all backgrounds and levels, works as a mikvah attendant at the Cincinnati community mikvah, is part of the Cincy chevra kadisha, and is currently in the 3rd cohort of the Core MMC Program led by Rebbetzins Aliza Bulow, Debbie Greenblatt, and Rochel Goldbaum.One of the aspects of her job that Rebbetzin Lisa is most passionate about is taking people on trips to Poland, where they experience what life was like for the Jews of Poland before, during, and after the Holocaust. Rebbetzin Lisa's groups visit concentration camps, such as Treblinka and Auschwitz, cemetaries such as the Warsaw Cemetary, and other historical sites like the Warsaw Ghetto and Bialystok. The men and women who participate in these trips are not just learning about Jewish history in Poland, they are experiencing the sites and the stories first hand. They are standing in the same places where their ancestors stood, just a few decades ago. They hear stories of what pre-war Poland was like, from the Polish people themselves--Jews and non-Jews alike. This experience is incredibly personal and life-changing for many. Kosher food is provided for the people on the trip, as they are deeply affected, inspired, awed and empowered by what they are witnessing.If you would like to participate in a Poland Experience trip with Rebbetzin Lisa, please contact me, and I will put you in touch with her. I can be reached via email at: atrebbetzins@gmail.com Vera Kessler (host of America's Top Rebbetzins) is a certified life coach. She specializes in transformational life coaching and accountability coaching. She is also a motivational speaker. Vera's mission is to help women get out of survival mode and start thriving. She works with women who are committed to stepping into their own self-worth and creating the life they want to live--one that is full of joy, empowerment, meaning, and purpose. To learn more, visit:https://innerlifecoachingwithvera.com/

Les neurosciences cognitives ont longtemps étudié l'impact du bilinguisme sur le cerveau, et une question clé émerge : les élèves bilingues sont-ils meilleurs en mathématiques ? Une étude publiée en 2023 dans Psychological Science par Lehtonen et al. a mis en évidence des liens entre le bilinguisme et les capacités cognitives exécutives, qui jouent un rôle fondamental en mathématiques.Les effets du bilinguisme sur les fonctions exécutivesLe cerveau bilingue est constamment sollicité pour inhiber une langue tout en activant l'autre, ce qui renforce les fonctions exécutives telles que la mémoire de travail, l'inhibition cognitive et la flexibilité mentale. Ces processus sont contrôlés par le cortex préfrontal et le cortex cingulaire antérieur, des régions également impliquées dans la résolution de problèmes mathématiques.La mémoire de travail, en particulier, est essentielle aux mathématiques. Elle permet de stocker temporairement des informations et de les manipuler mentalement, comme dans le cas du calcul mental ou de la résolution d'équations. Une étude de Bialystok et al. (2020) a démontré que les enfants bilingues montrent une meilleure capacité à maintenir et à manipuler des informations numériques par rapport aux monolingues.Le rôle du langage dans le raisonnement mathématiqueLes mathématiques ne sont pas purement abstraites : elles reposent en partie sur le langage. La structure linguistique influence la compréhension des nombres, des relations logiques et des opérations complexes. Or, les bilingues développent une conscience métalinguistique plus fine, leur permettant de mieux comprendre les représentations symboliques des nombres.Une recherche de Barac & Bialystok (2012) a montré que les élèves bilingues réussissaient mieux que les monolingues dans des tâches nécessitant une flexibilité cognitive et une adaptation aux changements de règles. Cela s'applique aux mathématiques, notamment lorsque les élèves doivent jongler entre différentes méthodes de calcul ou interpréter plusieurs représentations d'un même concept.Bilinguisme et plasticité cérébraleLes neurosciences ont démontré que les cerveaux bilingues présentent une plus grande densité de matière grise dans les régions associées au contrôle cognitif et aux compétences analytiques. Une étude en imagerie cérébrale menée par Costa et al. (2019) a révélé une activation plus efficace des réseaux fronto-pariétaux chez les bilingues lorsqu'ils résolvaient des problèmes mathématiques complexes.ConclusionSi le bilinguisme ne garantit pas automatiquement de meilleures performances en mathématiques, il favorise des compétences cognitives cruciales comme la mémoire de travail, l'inhibition cognitive et la flexibilité mentale. Ces avantages, soutenus par la plasticité cérébrale et les fonctions exécutives renforcées, peuvent offrir un atout aux élèves bilingues dans l'apprentissage des mathématiques. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

V tokratni božični specialki bomo šli na izlet v Bialystok. Tja smo poslali našega Juniorja, ki se je pridružil Dragonsom in drugim navijačem Olimpije na daljnem severovzhodu Poljske, kjer so zeleno-beli odigrali odlično tekmo a žal niso uspeli zmagati. Navijačem Olimpije in vseh drugih klubov pa želimo VESEL BOŽIČ IN SREČNO NOVO LETO!

Om Louis van Gaal losjes te citeren: waren wij nou zo goed, of waren die Polen zo slecht?  Hoe dan ook denderde Ajax na een valse start met 4-1 over Jagiellonia Bialystok heen. De trainer zag nog wel een paar verbeterpuntjes, en Kale & Kokkie zijn het erover eens: Farioli is lekker bezig. En wie weet komen er na verdediger Rugani nog meer verrassingen voor de selectie uit de hoge hoed. "Eriksen en Weghorst komen zeker."

We leggen rechtstreeks verbinding met Polen, praten na over de wedstrijd van Ajax tegen Jagiellonia Bialystok en introduceren een nieuw rubriekje! Ook maak je kans op wedstrijdkaarten voor het thuisduel tegen de Poolse kampioen. Lekker luisteren, gewoon doen!

Website(s): www.Gerispieler.com Facebook: Geri Spieler Twitter: None Regina of Warsaw is a story of extraordinary bravery and survival against all odds that mirrors much of what is happening in the world today Based on True Events: Regina of Warsaw an Unforgettable Story of Heartbreak and Survival PALO ALTO, Calif., June 3, 2024 ― By all accounts, Regina Anuszewicz was a woman ahead of her time. She defied the female norms and stereotypes of the early 1900s and fled the violence unfolding in Warsaw on her own, with an infant. And because she left Poland before the wars, she survived. And because she survived, her granddaughter, Geri Spieler, can share Regina's unforgettable story in the new book, Regina of Warsaw: Love, Loss and Liberation. “Readers will appreciate the premise of the story because, in some ways, it mirrors what is happening in the world today,” Spieler said. “It's a story of bravery and survival.” From the first page, readers are transported to 1906 Bialystok, Poland, where Regina Anuszewicz was visiting her sister and looking forward to a late June stroll along the Bialy River. It should have been an exciting time to stay overnight in the women's boarding house, but a violent pogrom blasted those plans as a rage of violence shook the town and Regina's hopes. Stormtroopers swarmed the streets and homes, and once they reached her sister's boarding house, all Regina could do was hide inside a closet, barely able to breathe as she heard screams and people begging for their lives. The trauma of that day shaped Regina's life and ignited her passion to take a more active role in fighting antisemitism. The atrocities that her family endured impacted every decision she made in life as she moved through the days and years, coloring her approach to every event that took her from Poland to the United States, and how she cared for the four children she sought to protect. About the Author Geri Spieler is a journalist, investigative reporter and award-winning speaker. She has written for the Los Angeles Times, San Francisco Chronicle, Forbes, and as a research director for Gartner, a global technology advising company. She regularly contributed to Huffington Post and Truthdig.com, an award-winning investigative reporting website. She is also the author of San Francisco Values: Common Ground for Getting America Back on Track, and the multiple award-winning Housewife Assassin: The Woman Who Tried To Kill President Ford, which has been optioned for a movie. She lives in the San Francisco Bay with her husband, nine chickens and 10 fruit trees. To learn more, please visit https://gerispieler.com/, or follow her on Instagram (gspieler124), Facebook (Geri Spieler) and Substack (Geri Spieler). Amazon link: https://www.amazon.com/Regina-Warsaw-Love-Loss-Liberation-ebook/dp/B0CZ6R2H69/ Regina of Warsaw: Love, Loss and Liberation Publisher: Speaking Volumes Release Date: June 17, 2024 ISBN-979-8-89022-149-0 Available from Amazon.com, BN.com and other booksellers

Esperantyzm to nie tylko język, to piękne marzenie o świecie bez wojen, o ogólnoludzkiej wspólnocie, która rozwiązuje swoje problemy na drodze rozmowy, a nie walki. Jeden człowiek - Ludwik Zamenhof - miał tyle siły, żeby nie tylko wymyślić nowy język, ale również stworzyć międzynarodowy ruch ludzi wierzących w jego idee. Dziś w esperanto mówi ok miliona ludzi i jest to największy ze sztucznie wymyślonych języków. Niewiele brakowało, żeby powstało państwo, którego oficjalnym językiem byłoby esperanto.To wszystko zaczęło się w Białymstoku, Zapraszamy na spacer po stolicy Podlasia śladami esperanto i wielu kultur, naszpikowaną ciekawostkami i pokazującą miasto z innej strony niż przewodniki turystyczne!Odcinek jest współfinansowany ze środków miasta Białegostoku.⭕️ ZOSTAŃ NASZYM PATRONEM:https://patronite.pl/dobrapodroz⭕️ LUB POSTAW KAWUSIĘ:https://buycoffee.to/dobrapodroz⭕️ YouTube:Subskrybuj nasz kanał:http://bit.ly/subskrybuj_dobrapodroz⭕️Instagram:https://www.instagram.com/dobra_podroz/

In Episode 232 of the CounterVortex podcast, Bill Weinberg examines the politics of the ugly dust-up between pro-Palestinian protesters and local Jewish residents in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Pico-Robertson—and notes the anniversary of June 1941 anti-Jewish pogroms in Bialystok, Poland, and Baghdad, Iraq. Propagandistic and distorted portrayals of the LA protest as mere arbitrary anti-Semitism ignore the fact that the targeted synagogue was hosting a real estate event promoting sale of lands to create "Anglo neighborhoods" in Israel, and probably in the occupied West Bank (which would be a clear violation of international law). On the other hand, insensitivity to (or ignorance of) the historical context (and contemporary context) that makes an angry protest outside a synagogue an inevitably problematic "optic" only abets the propaganda. Listen on SoundCloud or via Patreon. https://www.patreon.com/countervortex Production by Chris Rywalt We ask listeners to donate just $1 per weekly podcast via Patreon -- or $2 for our new special offer! We now have 57 subscribers. If you appreciate our work, please become Number 58!

På Kulturen i Lund pågår just nu utställningen "Women's Concentration Camp Experience", en polsk vandringsutställning som handlar om kvinnors upplevelser i tyska koncentrationsläger under andra världskriget. Utställningen innehåller framförallt konst -- teckningar, akvareller, stora och små målningar -- gjord av lägerfångar under och direkt efter kriget. En majoritet av teckningarna som visas på utställningen är gjord av den polska konstnären Jadwiga Simon-Pietkiewicz, som satt i koncentrationslägret Ravensbrück. Utställningen kopplas därför naturligt ihop med den permanenta utställningen på Kulturen om Ravensbrück, och om de personer som därifrån kom till Sverige efter kriget. Vandringsutställningen är utformad av professor Barbara Czarnecka från universitetet i Bialystok, Polen. Czarnecka har ett pågående samarbete med Barbara Törnquist-Plewa, professor i Europastudier i Lund, som i denna podd, inspelad på Kulturen, samtalar med Martin Degrell om utställningen, Ravensbrückarkivet och Jadwiga Simon-Pietkiewiczs öde. Mer om utställningen på Kulturens hemsida: https://www.kulturen.com/utstallningar/womens-concentration-camp-experience/ Mer om Ravensbrückarkivet: https://www.ub.lu.se/hitta/digitala-samlingar/witnessing-genocide En podd från Humanistiska och teologiska fakulteterna vid Lunds universitet: https://www.ht.lu.se/ Producent: Martin Degrell. Musik: "Phases (Instrumental)" av HoliznaRAPS (CC BY 4.0).

Maciej Frąckiewicz is a Polish accordionist, active in promoting new music for the instrument, professor at the Hochschule in Detmold (Germany), the founder of a new festival in Bialystok and much more!  We talked about the relationship between discipline, often developed through practicing some form of sport, and music. The different stages of developing skills needed to become a professional accordionist, working with composers, the role (and the RIGHT way) of competitions in the academic career of a student, stories from his artistic life and much much more. To find out more about Maciej, his recordings and future concerts, visit his website at https://maciejfrackiewicz.com. Also follow his ⁠Facebook page⁠ for updates and follow him on Spotify! Reach out with questions, suggestions, ideas or comments and support the podcast through a monthly donation. Use the promo code POD at checking out the "Chat over virtual coffee" service here to book a FREE 30-minute chat with me. Offer available until 31st December 23:59 LINKS ⁠linktr.ee/everything_accordion_podcast⁠ website: ⁠www.ghenadierotari.com⁠ YouTube channel: ⁠https://www.youtube.com/c/ghenadierotariaccordionist⁠ Instagram: ⁠https://www.instagram.com/ghenadie_rotari_accordionist/⁠ Facebook: ⁠https://www.facebook.com/ghenadierotariaccordionist⁠ Spotify Artist page: ⁠https://open.spotify.com/artist/54V5A57ed8G3wAeLohSvgR?si=fzW2wlNdTcmT-dBQVV-7RQ⁠ Composer's toolkit video course: ⁠https://www.ghenadierotari.com/video-on-demand⁠ ⁠Services you can book on my website⁠ Book a 30 minute lesson Book a 60 minute lesson One-on-one career coaching session Virtual coffee Gift cards --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/everything-accordion/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/everything-accordion/support

Still catching up to where we left off on the Eastern Front, now we turn to Army Group Center. At first, Moscow was not von Bock's main goal, but rather the destruction of all Soviet forces in Western Russia. If that could happen, then victory was assured. But one Soviet officer will fly into the Bialystok pocket to lead the men in a massive counter attack. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In this episode, host Bidemi Ologunde presented five stories from obscure corners of the news media and the internet.1. Wellington, New Zealand.2. La Plata, Argentina.3. Bialystok, Poland.4. Faridabad, India.5. Rouen, France.Support the show

In questo episodio del nostro Simple Italian Podcast ho indagato un po' più a fondo sui benefici dell'imparare le lingue straniere. Iscriviti qui per ricevere in anteprima un'email quando sarà disponibile il primo episodio del podcast Italia da Scoprire: https://bit.ly/3W6ZAd1 Buon ascolto! ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬

In this episode of Chasing Leviathan, PJ and Dr. Lauren Bialystok discuss the difficult subject of sex education for minors. Dr. Bialystok walks through the history of sex education in the US and Canada, and raises various controversies, such as how to discuss sexual flourishing in a classroom setting and the relationship between religious communities and public sex education.For a deep dive into Dr. Lauren Bialystok's work, check out her book, co-written with Dr. Lisa M. F. Andersen: Touchy Subject: The History and Philosophy of Sex Education

Featuring Lauren Bialystok (guest) with Stanton Wortham (host) and Regina Bendix (commentator) Most of us have been inundated with the seemingly well-intentioned advice to "be authentic" or simply, to "be yourself." In this episode, Lauren Bialystok troubles this fascination with authenticity to ask, what does it really mean to be "true to ourselves"? And is authenticity really even possible? Tune in to consider why it might be misleading to strive toward our most authentic selves.

Birds of Prey: Hitler's Luftwaffe, Ordinary Soldiers, and the Holocaust in Poland (Ibidem Press, 2021) is a microhistory of the Nazi occupation of Białowieźa Forest, Poland's national park. The narrative stretches from Göring's palatial lifestyle to the common soldier on the ground killing Jews, partisans, and civilians. Based entirely on previously unpublished sources, the book is the synthesis of six areas of research: Hitler's Luftwaffe, the hunt and environmental history, military geography, Colonialism and Nazi Lebensraum, the Holocaust, and the war in the East. By weaving together a narrative about Hermann Göring, his inner circle, and ordinary soldiers, the book reveals the Nazi ambition to draw together East Prussia, the Bialystok region, and Ukraine into a common eastern frontier of the Greater German state, revealing how the Luftwaffe, the German hunt, and the state forestry were institutional perpetrators of Lebensraum and genocide. Up until now the Luftwaffe had not been identified in specific acts of genocide or placed at large scale killings of Jews, civilians, and partisans. This gap in the historical record had been facilitated by the destruction of the Luftwaffe's records in 1945. Through a forensic and painstaking process of piecing together scraps of evidence over two decades, and utilizing Geographical Information System software, Philip W. Blood managed to decipher previously obscure reports and expose patterns of Nazi atrocities. AJ Woodhams hosts the "War Books" podcast. You can subscribe on Apple here and on Spofity here. War Books in on YouTube and on Facebook. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Birds of Prey: Hitler's Luftwaffe, Ordinary Soldiers, and the Holocaust in Poland (Ibidem Press, 2021) is a microhistory of the Nazi occupation of Białowieźa Forest, Poland's national park. The narrative stretches from Göring's palatial lifestyle to the common soldier on the ground killing Jews, partisans, and civilians. Based entirely on previously unpublished sources, the book is the synthesis of six areas of research: Hitler's Luftwaffe, the hunt and environmental history, military geography, Colonialism and Nazi Lebensraum, the Holocaust, and the war in the East. By weaving together a narrative about Hermann Göring, his inner circle, and ordinary soldiers, the book reveals the Nazi ambition to draw together East Prussia, the Bialystok region, and Ukraine into a common eastern frontier of the Greater German state, revealing how the Luftwaffe, the German hunt, and the state forestry were institutional perpetrators of Lebensraum and genocide. Up until now the Luftwaffe had not been identified in specific acts of genocide or placed at large scale killings of Jews, civilians, and partisans. This gap in the historical record had been facilitated by the destruction of the Luftwaffe's records in 1945. Through a forensic and painstaking process of piecing together scraps of evidence over two decades, and utilizing Geographical Information System software, Philip W. Blood managed to decipher previously obscure reports and expose patterns of Nazi atrocities. AJ Woodhams hosts the "War Books" podcast. You can subscribe on Apple here and on Spofity here. War Books in on YouTube and on Facebook. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Birds of Prey: Hitler's Luftwaffe, Ordinary Soldiers, and the Holocaust in Poland (Ibidem Press, 2021) is a microhistory of the Nazi occupation of Białowieźa Forest, Poland's national park. The narrative stretches from Göring's palatial lifestyle to the common soldier on the ground killing Jews, partisans, and civilians. Based entirely on previously unpublished sources, the book is the synthesis of six areas of research: Hitler's Luftwaffe, the hunt and environmental history, military geography, Colonialism and Nazi Lebensraum, the Holocaust, and the war in the East. By weaving together a narrative about Hermann Göring, his inner circle, and ordinary soldiers, the book reveals the Nazi ambition to draw together East Prussia, the Bialystok region, and Ukraine into a common eastern frontier of the Greater German state, revealing how the Luftwaffe, the German hunt, and the state forestry were institutional perpetrators of Lebensraum and genocide. Up until now the Luftwaffe had not been identified in specific acts of genocide or placed at large scale killings of Jews, civilians, and partisans. This gap in the historical record had been facilitated by the destruction of the Luftwaffe's records in 1945. Through a forensic and painstaking process of piecing together scraps of evidence over two decades, and utilizing Geographical Information System software, Philip W. Blood managed to decipher previously obscure reports and expose patterns of Nazi atrocities. AJ Woodhams hosts the "War Books" podcast. You can subscribe on Apple here and on Spofity here. War Books in on YouTube and on Facebook. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/military-history

Birds of Prey: Hitler's Luftwaffe, Ordinary Soldiers, and the Holocaust in Poland (Ibidem Press, 2021) is a microhistory of the Nazi occupation of Białowieźa Forest, Poland's national park. The narrative stretches from Göring's palatial lifestyle to the common soldier on the ground killing Jews, partisans, and civilians. Based entirely on previously unpublished sources, the book is the synthesis of six areas of research: Hitler's Luftwaffe, the hunt and environmental history, military geography, Colonialism and Nazi Lebensraum, the Holocaust, and the war in the East. By weaving together a narrative about Hermann Göring, his inner circle, and ordinary soldiers, the book reveals the Nazi ambition to draw together East Prussia, the Bialystok region, and Ukraine into a common eastern frontier of the Greater German state, revealing how the Luftwaffe, the German hunt, and the state forestry were institutional perpetrators of Lebensraum and genocide. Up until now the Luftwaffe had not been identified in specific acts of genocide or placed at large scale killings of Jews, civilians, and partisans. This gap in the historical record had been facilitated by the destruction of the Luftwaffe's records in 1945. Through a forensic and painstaking process of piecing together scraps of evidence over two decades, and utilizing Geographical Information System software, Philip W. Blood managed to decipher previously obscure reports and expose patterns of Nazi atrocities. AJ Woodhams hosts the "War Books" podcast. You can subscribe on Apple here and on Spofity here. War Books in on YouTube and on Facebook. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/german-studies

Birds of Prey: Hitler's Luftwaffe, Ordinary Soldiers, and the Holocaust in Poland (Ibidem Press, 2021) is a microhistory of the Nazi occupation of Białowieźa Forest, Poland's national park. The narrative stretches from Göring's palatial lifestyle to the common soldier on the ground killing Jews, partisans, and civilians. Based entirely on previously unpublished sources, the book is the synthesis of six areas of research: Hitler's Luftwaffe, the hunt and environmental history, military geography, Colonialism and Nazi Lebensraum, the Holocaust, and the war in the East. By weaving together a narrative about Hermann Göring, his inner circle, and ordinary soldiers, the book reveals the Nazi ambition to draw together East Prussia, the Bialystok region, and Ukraine into a common eastern frontier of the Greater German state, revealing how the Luftwaffe, the German hunt, and the state forestry were institutional perpetrators of Lebensraum and genocide. Up until now the Luftwaffe had not been identified in specific acts of genocide or placed at large scale killings of Jews, civilians, and partisans. This gap in the historical record had been facilitated by the destruction of the Luftwaffe's records in 1945. Through a forensic and painstaking process of piecing together scraps of evidence over two decades, and utilizing Geographical Information System software, Philip W. Blood managed to decipher previously obscure reports and expose patterns of Nazi atrocities. AJ Woodhams hosts the "War Books" podcast. You can subscribe on Apple here and on Spofity here. War Books in on YouTube and on Facebook. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/jewish-studies

Birds of Prey: Hitler's Luftwaffe, Ordinary Soldiers, and the Holocaust in Poland (Ibidem Press, 2021) is a microhistory of the Nazi occupation of Białowieźa Forest, Poland's national park. The narrative stretches from Göring's palatial lifestyle to the common soldier on the ground killing Jews, partisans, and civilians. Based entirely on previously unpublished sources, the book is the synthesis of six areas of research: Hitler's Luftwaffe, the hunt and environmental history, military geography, Colonialism and Nazi Lebensraum, the Holocaust, and the war in the East. By weaving together a narrative about Hermann Göring, his inner circle, and ordinary soldiers, the book reveals the Nazi ambition to draw together East Prussia, the Bialystok region, and Ukraine into a common eastern frontier of the Greater German state, revealing how the Luftwaffe, the German hunt, and the state forestry were institutional perpetrators of Lebensraum and genocide. Up until now the Luftwaffe had not been identified in specific acts of genocide or placed at large scale killings of Jews, civilians, and partisans. This gap in the historical record had been facilitated by the destruction of the Luftwaffe's records in 1945. Through a forensic and painstaking process of piecing together scraps of evidence over two decades, and utilizing Geographical Information System software, Philip W. Blood managed to decipher previously obscure reports and expose patterns of Nazi atrocities. AJ Woodhams hosts the "War Books" podcast. You can subscribe on Apple here and on Spofity here. War Books in on YouTube and on Facebook. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/genocide-studies

Birds of Prey: Hitler's Luftwaffe, Ordinary Soldiers, and the Holocaust in Poland (Ibidem Press, 2021) is a microhistory of the Nazi occupation of Białowieźa Forest, Poland's national park. The narrative stretches from Göring's palatial lifestyle to the common soldier on the ground killing Jews, partisans, and civilians. Based entirely on previously unpublished sources, the book is the synthesis of six areas of research: Hitler's Luftwaffe, the hunt and environmental history, military geography, Colonialism and Nazi Lebensraum, the Holocaust, and the war in the East. By weaving together a narrative about Hermann Göring, his inner circle, and ordinary soldiers, the book reveals the Nazi ambition to draw together East Prussia, the Bialystok region, and Ukraine into a common eastern frontier of the Greater German state, revealing how the Luftwaffe, the German hunt, and the state forestry were institutional perpetrators of Lebensraum and genocide. Up until now the Luftwaffe had not been identified in specific acts of genocide or placed at large scale killings of Jews, civilians, and partisans. This gap in the historical record had been facilitated by the destruction of the Luftwaffe's records in 1945. Through a forensic and painstaking process of piecing together scraps of evidence over two decades, and utilizing Geographical Information System software, Philip W. Blood managed to decipher previously obscure reports and expose patterns of Nazi atrocities. AJ Woodhams hosts the "War Books" podcast. You can subscribe on Apple here and on Spofity here. War Books in on YouTube and on Facebook. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/eastern-european-studies

Birds of Prey: Hitler's Luftwaffe, Ordinary Soldiers, and the Holocaust in Poland (Ibidem Press, 2021) is a microhistory of the Nazi occupation of Białowieźa Forest, Poland's national park. The narrative stretches from Göring's palatial lifestyle to the common soldier on the ground killing Jews, partisans, and civilians. Based entirely on previously unpublished sources, the book is the synthesis of six areas of research: Hitler's Luftwaffe, the hunt and environmental history, military geography, Colonialism and Nazi Lebensraum, the Holocaust, and the war in the East. By weaving together a narrative about Hermann Göring, his inner circle, and ordinary soldiers, the book reveals the Nazi ambition to draw together East Prussia, the Bialystok region, and Ukraine into a common eastern frontier of the Greater German state, revealing how the Luftwaffe, the German hunt, and the state forestry were institutional perpetrators of Lebensraum and genocide. Up until now the Luftwaffe had not been identified in specific acts of genocide or placed at large scale killings of Jews, civilians, and partisans. This gap in the historical record had been facilitated by the destruction of the Luftwaffe's records in 1945. Through a forensic and painstaking process of piecing together scraps of evidence over two decades, and utilizing Geographical Information System software, Philip W. Blood managed to decipher previously obscure reports and expose patterns of Nazi atrocities. AJ Woodhams hosts the "War Books" podcast. You can subscribe on Apple here and on Spofity here. War Books in on YouTube and on Facebook. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Många har försökt skapa ett språk som förbrödrar världen, men inget kom längre än esperanto. Dan Jönsson reflekterar över tungomålet som blev USA:s låtsasfiende och ett offer för Stalintidens paranoia. ESSÄ: Detta är en text där skribenten reflekterar över ett ämne eller ett verk. Åsikter som uttrycks är skribentens egna.Året var 1947, Tyskland var besegrat, kalla kriget hade knappt börjat och den amerikanska armén insåg att det nu behövdes en ny fiende att öva mot om man skulle hålla ångan uppe. Pentagons strateger uppfann då en ondskefull militärmakt med namnet Aggressor, som hade som sin plan att ”assimilera” amerikanska medborgare in i sin egen frihetshatande och människofientliga kultur. Denna lätt förklädda kommunistiska fiende talade såklart också ett vilt främmande tungomål. Ryska, tänker ni – men nej, faktiskt inte. Alltså kinesiska? Nej, inte det heller. Aggressorerna från Aggressor pratade – håll i er nu – esperanto. Logiken var klar och redig: helt i enlighet med Aggressors lumpna assimileringsplaner fungerade ju esperanto just genom att ”assimilera” ord från en mängd olika språk. Symbolen för Aggressors så kallade ”Circle Trigon Party” var en grön triangel som påminde om esperantorörelsens gröna stjärna, och USA:s försvarsdepartement gick rentav så långt att man 1959 gav ut en lärobok med titeln ”Esperanto: The Aggressor Language”. Inte förrän i slutet av sextiotalet gjorde Vietnamkrigets barska realiteter slut på fantasierna.Hur i all världen var nu detta möjligt? frågar man sig. Esperanto, som ju ända från början både konstruerades och spreds som ett fredens och förbrödringens språk? Ska man inte vara bra paranoid för att se det som ett hot? Svaret är att jo, det ska man nog, men det är det alltså en och annan som är och US Army var långtifrån de första.Så låt oss ta historien från början. När den judiske, rysktalande läkaren Ludovik Zamenhof från Bialystok i nuvarande Polen 1887 lade fram grunderna för det han då kallade lingvo internacia så var det långtifrån första gången någon hade försökt konstruera ett nytt världsspråk för att göra slut på mänsklig fiendskap. Hade man läst sin bibel visste man att det var först med den babyloniska språkförbistringen som människornas tungomål söndrades och blev sinsemellan obegripliga. I Första Mosebok låter ju Gud Adam ge namn åt alla levande varelser, och tanken på att hitta tillbaka till detta ursprungliga, ”adamitiska” språk var något som kittlade både fantasin och äregirigheten.Ett tidigt försök att rekonstruera något liknande var medeltidsmystikern Hildegard von Bingens ”lingua ignota” – men riktigt på allvar vaknade intresset först på sextonhundratalet. Skälet var att latinet då sakta men säkert började förlora sin ställning som den lärda världens gemensamma så kallade lingua franca. Vetenskapsmän som Galileo, Descartes och Newton publicerade sig både på latin och sina respektive modersmål. Samtidigt frågade man sig om det trots allt inte behövdes ett språk som alla kunde förstå – och som i tidens anda då tänktes utgå helt från rationella begrepp: matematiskt exakt och rensat från alla avvikelser och möjliga missförstånd. Flera av tidens stora forskare och filosofer utarbetade sina olika förslag till hur ett sådant språk skulle kunna se ut och fungera. Alla strandade de till slut på att de blev på tok för oöverskådliga och komplicerade, men idén levde vidare och fick på sitt sätt ny energi i nittonhundratalets analytiska språklogik.När Zamenhof lanserade lingvo internacia var det återigen i en språkligt förbistrad värld. Tyska, franska och engelska konkurrerade om herraväldet och det var lätt att se behovet av ett neutralt, mellanfolkligt hjälpspråk. Tio år tidigare hade den bayerske prästen Johann Schleyer introducerat sitt volapük, ”världsspråket”, och på kort tid lyckats engagera många entusiaster i framför allt Tyskland och Frankrike, länder som just hade varit indragna i ett förödande krig. Men förbrödringen kom av sig, av flera skäl. Volapüks system av affix var svårt och krångligt, och Schleyer visade sig vara en smått diktatorisk figur som hårdnackat motsatte sig alla tankar på reformer. Dessutom kom de gränsöverskridande visionerna på kollisionskurs med de nationalistiska stämningarna i både Bismarcks Tyskland och det efter kriget stukade Frankrike, där volapükisterna blev fritt villebråd för tidningsspalternas satiriker. Zamenhofs ”esperanto” – hoppets språk, som det snart kom att kallas – var tillräckligt likt, men också tillräckligt olikt för att kunna fånga upp den ideologiska budkaveln. Med sin rysk-judiska bas kunde det för det första knappast utmålas som en fiendelist, för det andra var det också lättare att lära sig, och Zamenhof var för det tredje ett helt annat slags ledare än Schleyer – hans inställning var kort och gott att språket ägdes av dem som talade det. Det viktiga var inte att grammatiken förblev intakt utan att man höll fast vid det han kallade för esperantos ”interna ideo”, den inre idé som handlade om att med språket som grund bygga en fredlig, global gemenskap.Det var sådana på en gång demokratiska och visionära principer som gjorde att esperanto dels snabbt fick fäste och kunde växa till en världsomspännande rörelse; dels också lyckades avvärja konkurrensen från de olika ”förbättrade” världsspråk – ido, patolglob, idiom neutral och allt vad de hette – som runt förra sekelskiftet dök upp som svampar ur jorden. Esperanto attraherade drömmare och aktivister från vitt skilda håll: pacifister och feminister, ockultister och revolutionärer men också regionala språkprotektionister som i esperanto såg ett värn mot utbredningen av de koloniala världsspråken. Rörelsen nådde sin kulmen efter första världskriget, och aldrig var den så nära en avgörande seger som när Nationernas Förbund 1922 tog upp frågan om att göra esperanto till det rekommenderade andraspråket i världens skolor. Men förslaget föll efter hårt nationalistiskt motstånd, återigen från franskt håll, och de följande åren stod hoppet istället framför allt till Sovjetunionen, som 1926 stod värd för världskongressen i Leningrad. Kanske kunde esperanto bli språket som fick världens proletärer att förena sig? Komintern hade saken på sin dagordning, men med stalintidens alltmer paranoida och isolationistiska politik krossades till slut även den sovjetiska esperantorörelsen.Och därmed kanske den utopiska drömmen om ett fredens världsspråk. Esperanto lever visserligen vidare; språket har idag mellan 50 000 och en miljon talare, beroende på hur man räknar, även om de som växer upp med esperanto som modersmål är försvinnande få. Men de finns. Och trots att ingen inbillar sig att esperanto idag kan utmana engelskans ställning som globalt lingua franca, så vem vet, tiderna förändras, förr än vi anar står vi på nytt inför ett språkligt maktvakuum, och vägen ligger åter öppen för det som kallas ”fina venko”, slutsegern för rörelsens interna ideo. Eller också inte. Tago post tago, som man säger på esperanto: man får ta en dag i sänder. Tiel la mondo iras.Dan Jönsson, författare och essäistLitteraturRoberto Garvía: Esperanto and its Rivals. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015.Esther Schor.: Bridge of Words. Metropolitan books, 2016.Brigid O'Keeffe: Esperanto and Languages of Internationalism in Revolutionary Russia. Bloomsbury publishing, 2022.

De um festival de cinema em Bialystok chega um postal sobre a curta-metragem de 2016 da realizadora polaca Renata G?siorowska.

Prof. Dr. Johannes Heil widmet sich in seinem Forschungsprojekt einer Leerstelle jüdischer Geschichte und unternimmt den Versuch, jenseits der Bibel Überreste der jüdischen Textkultur des Westens bis zur Übernahme des rabbinischen Judentums (um 800) zu identifizieren. Es handelt sich dabei um Texte unterschiedlicher Gattungen in lateinischer Sprache wie etwa Pseudo-Philos „Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum“ oder Texte des Pseudo-Hieronymus. Sie sind – soweit erhalten – in kirchlicher Überlieferung zu fassen, weil der Abschluss des Sprachenwandels im Hohen Mittelalter eine Überlieferung auf jüdischer Seite unterband. Den Originalbeitrag und mehr finden Sie bitte hier: https://lisa.gerda-henkel-stiftung.de/historischeskolleg_johannesheil

Prof. Dr. Johannes Heil widmet sich in seinem Forschungsprojekt einer Leerstelle jüdischer Geschichte und unternimmt den Versuch, jenseits der Bibel Überreste der jüdischen Textkultur des Westens bis zur Übernahme des rabbinischen Judentums (um 800) zu identifizieren. Es handelt sich dabei um Texte unterschiedlicher Gattungen in lateinischer Sprache wie etwa Pseudo-Philos „Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum“ oder Texte des Pseudo-Hieronymus. Sie sind – soweit erhalten – in kirchlicher Überlieferung zu fassen, weil der Abschluss des Sprachenwandels im Hohen Mittelalter eine Überlieferung auf jüdischer Seite unterband. Den Originalbeitrag und mehr finden Sie bitte hier: https://lisa.gerda-henkel-stiftung.de/historischeskolleg_johannesheil

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.20.508678v1?rss=1 Authors: Stevens, W. D., Khan, N., Anderson, J. A. E., Grady, C. L., Bialystok, E. Abstract: Cognitive Reserve (CR) refers to the preservation of cognitive function in the face of age- or disease-related neuroanatomical decline. While bilingualism is known to contribute to CR, the extent to which, and what particular aspect of, second language experience contributes to CR are debated, and the underlying neural mechanism(s) unknown. Intrinsic functional connectivity reflects experience-dependent neuroplasticity that occurs across timescales ranging from minutes to decades, and may be a neural mechanism underlying CR. To test this hypothesis, we used voxel-based morphometry and resting-state functional connectivity analyses of MRI data to compare structural and functional brain integrity between bilingual and monolingual older adults, matched on cognitive performance using a rigorous propensity score matching technique, and across levels of second language proficiency measured as a continuous variable. Bilingualism, and degree of second language proficiency in particular, were associated with lower grey matter integrity in a hub of the default mode network, a region that is particularly vulnerable to decline in aging and dementia, but preserved functional network organization that resembled the young adult brain. Our findings confirm that lifelong bilingualism contributes to CR through experience-dependent maintenance of optimal functional network structure of the domain-general attentional control network across the lifespan. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by PaperPlayer

Staszek lives in Bialystok and is a member of the Radical Youth Association, abbreviated as ZMR. He is not a radical himself, but belonging to nationalists gives him strength and a sense of purpose. Fulfilling the orders of the charismatic leader - Roman, Staszek and the rest of their buddies engage in patriotic activities and actions that are to give the organization due publicity. Unfortunately, most of them end in a fiasco and a total catastrophe ... During one of such actions, Staszek meets Pola, a young left-wing activist who recently broke up with her boyfriend - Kajetan. Staszek, enchanted with the girl, decides to hide his affiliation with ZMR from her. Soon, the couple in love will become Romeo and Juliet of two opposing camps: national and hipster-left, and the "forbidden love" of young heroes will lead to a series of surprising events, the finale of which will take place in Warsaw, during the celebration of the greatest Equality Parade in history.

El 16 de agosto de 1943, estalló la rebelión del Gueto de Bialystok, fue un levantamiento que se inició para impedir el traslado de los judíos del gueto a los campos de exterminio y provocar su huída hacia los bosques aledaños. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/radiojai/message

From 1940 Kazachstan to 2022 Canada Today I am speaking to two women whom I have interviewed before: • ALICJA EDWARDS (born in 1924) Alicja Edwards is a 98-year-old writer, painter, pianist and antique expert and dealer. She lives in Eureka, Montana. Her paintings showing the traumatic years in Kazachstan in the 1940's are now telling this incredible story of survival as part of Alicja Edwards exhibit at the Muzeum Pamieci Sybiru (The Sybir Memorial Museum) in Bialystok, Poland.  • Louiza Szacon from KONEKT A Polish Canadian professionals' organization, whose launch we celebrated on POLcast in 2018 - Konekt has been growing and expanding. I'm talking to Louiza Szacon again to find out how Konekt has evolved and where it's going now. ____________________________________ MUSIC “Ukrainian Village” composed and played by Derek and Brandon Fiechter, identical twins from Indiana.  

TRIBUTO: HISTORIAS QUE CONSTRUYEN MEMORIA DE LA SHOÁ, CON CECILIA LEVIT – Mietek Stupnik, nació en Zambrow, provincia de Bialystok, el 15 de febrero de 1917, en el seno de una familia judía. Cuando estalló la guerra Mietek, junto a dos de sus hermanos se refugiaron en los bosques de Budy Pniewskie. Las heladas, los peligros, las persecuciones no pudieron vencer su deseo de sobrevivir. Gracias a la ayuda de campesinos polacos lograron salvar sus vidas y emprender un nuevo camino en la Argentina.

• Ann Rohmer is with Dr. Anthony LaDelpha, an Infectious Diseases Specialist at Oak Valley Health (this is the new overarching name of the Markham Stouffville Hospital and Uxbridge Hospital sites). • Kevin Frankish looks at the top weather stories of 2021 with Environment Canada's Senior Climatologist, David Philips, who also shares a look ahead to the official start of winter. • Jim Lang speaks with York University professor Ellen Bialystok – co author of a new study conducted by researchers at York University and Baycrest published in Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition which suggests learning a second language is an effective and enjoyable way to improve brain health. This study is among the first to examine whether the process of learning a language can benefit brain health in similar ways as bilingualism. • Pink Cars is an amazing group of York Region volunteers that are back to help seniors with the booster. Ann Rohmer has details. • Cristina Lavecchia discusses UNZIPPED; an immersive exhibit with more than 300 pieces of Rolling Stones memorabilia that are on display at The Museum in Kitchener.

TRIBUTO: HISTORIAS QUE CONSTRUYEN MEMORIA DE LA SHOÁ, CON CECILIA LEVIT – Julio Pitluk Z'L, nació en Bialystok, Polonia, el 14 de febrero de 1921. Con la llegada del nazismo fue confinado en el gueto de su ciudad y luego en la cárcel de Grodno y de Łomża; estuvo en los campos de concentración Stutthof, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Buchenwald y Leipzig. Fue liberado por los Aliados y llegó a la Argentina en 1947 junto a su esposa Zulema Sznajderhaus Z'L. Allí formaron una familia compuesta por hijos, nietos y bisnietos.

El abominable Iván Serkis Capítulo 16. Apéndices Voz María Larralde. Bialystok es una ciudad que medra en la frontera entre países, que se resiste a envejecer en el paso entre dos siglos, donde una dinastía familiar centenaria se bate contra la decadencia de su tiempo. Su hogar, una gran mansión colmada de recuerdos alegres y manchada por la melancolía. Un lugar donde anidar y eclosionar un mal indescriptible. Un mal extemporáneo como atemporal. Un mal atroz por indecible. Un mal abominable... La lectura la realizaré por capítulos, y al finalizar se unificará todo en un solo vídeo. Diseño e ilustración de portada: Conrado martín. Maquetación: Araceli Rodriguez. Corrección: Jorge R. del Río. Música: https://patrickdearteaga.com/ Enlace de compra en amazon:https://www.amazon.es/abominable-Iv%C3%A1n-Serkis-Mar%C3%ADa-Larralde/dp/B08TRLBB5N

Lectura El abominable Ivan Serkis. Capítulo 15. Voz María Larralde. Bialystok es una ciudad que medra en la frontera entre países, que se resiste a envejecer en el paso entre dos siglos, donde una dinastía familiar centenaria se bate contra la decadencia de su tiempo. Su hogar, una gran mansión colmada de recuerdos alegres y manchada por la melancolía. Un lugar donde anidar y eclosionar un mal indescriptible. Un mal extemporáneo como atemporal. Un mal atroz por indecible. Un mal abominable... La lectura la realizaré por capítulos, y al finalizar se unificará todo en un solo vídeo. Diseño e ilustración de portada: Conrado martín. Maquetación: Araceli Rodriguez. Corrección: Jorge R. del Río. Música: https://patrickdearteaga.com/

Lectura El abominable Ivan Serkis. Capítulo 14. Voz María Larralde. Bialystok es una ciudad que medra en la frontera entre países, que se resiste a envejecer en el paso entre dos siglos, donde una dinastía familiar centenaria se bate contra la decadencia de su tiempo. Su hogar, una gran mansión colmada de recuerdos alegres y manchada por la melancolía. Un lugar donde anidar y eclosionar un mal indescriptible. Un mal extemporáneo como atemporal. Un mal atroz por indecible. Un mal abominable... La lectura la realizaré por capítulos, y al finalizar se unificará todo en un solo vídeo. Diseño e ilustración de portada: Conrado martín. Maquetación: Araceli Rodriguez. Corrección: Jorge R. del Río. Música: https://patrickdearteaga.com/

Every day, for the past two weeks, Paulina Bownik has driven a 45-mile round trip from her home in Białystok, in northeastern Poland, to the border with Belarus. Bownik, a general practitioner, carries boxes of antibiotics and anti-inflammatories that she hopes to give to 32 Afghans stranded at the border.The group has been there for almost a month, unable to move, as soldiers and border police from both countries stand guard. The camp is located at the edge of a forest near the Polish village of Usnarz Gorny, but Poland says it's on Belarusian territory. Belarus, on the other hand, says the migrants are on Polish soil.Related: EU's top migration official calls for global response to help Afghans in order to avoid migrant crisis in EuropeOfficials from both countries have told the migrants they should apply for asylum in the opposite nation.On the first day Bownik drove to the camp, Polish border guards stopped her.“I asked the soldiers if I could give them the medicines and they told me that this is not possible. They told me I have to be, like, 15 meters from this camp."Paulina Bownik, doctor, Bialystok, Poland“I asked the soldiers if I could give them the medicines and they told me that this is not possible. They told me I have to be, like, 15 meters from this camp,” she said. Bownik said it's the same routine every day. Polish security forces surround migrants stuck along with border with Belarus in Usnarz Gorny, Poland, on Wednesday, Sept. 1, 2021.  Credit: Czarek Sokolowski/AP Human rights activists, journalists and doctors like her come to the camp, but a wall of soldiers keeps them from reaching the Afghans.Sometimes the activists communicate using loudspeakers and the migrants shout back, but Bownik said the guards usually start to sound sirens or turn on engines to drown out the conversation.Related: EU ministers meet to discuss Afghanistan, refugees Photo of Paulina Bownik. Credit: Courtesy of Paulina Bownik Bownik is worried about the migrants' health. A woman collapsed this week, and the group was unable to revive her for over 40 minutes, she said. When campaigners called an ambulance to assist another migrant, police stopped the vehicle from gaining access.Conditions at the camp are harsh.Marta Górczyńska, a Polish human rights lawyer, said it's the most difficult situation she has witnessed in 10 years of working with refugees.  “It has never happened to me to feel such helplessness, being so close to people that need immediate assistance and not being able to help just because the government is saying that nobody's allowed to access the place where they're camping."Marta Górczyńska, human rights lawyer, Poland“It has never happened to me to feel such helplessness, being so close to people that need immediate assistance and not being able to help just because the government is saying that nobody's allowed to access the place where they're camping,” Górczyńska said. Continuous rain and near-freezing temperatures at night also exacerbate the situation. The migrants say they are struggling to survive. In a video message recorded by one of the Afghans on his mobile phone, and sent to a local human rights group, he said they have barely any food or water.Related: 'We are afraid': An Afghan women's rights activist is left behindA couple weeks ago, the European Court of Human Rights called on Poland to intervene and help the migrants on its borders. The court requested "that the Polish authorities provide all the applicants with food, water, clothing, adequate medical care and, if possible, temporary shelter.”Górczyńska said Poland has refused to agree to the request, saying the migrants are on Belarusian soil, and therefore not its responsibility. A few Belarusian guards have given them some food, she says, but it's not enough. Migrants stuck along the Poland-Belarus border carry plastic water bottles as they are surrounded by Polish forces in Usnarz Gorny, Poland, on Wednesday, Sept. 1, 2021.  Credit: Czarek Sokolowski/AP The dispute is not just between Poland and Belarus.Migrants, mainly from Iraq and Afghanistan, are also camped on the Belarusian border with Latvia and Lithuania.The EU has accused Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko of trying to destabilize the European Union by facilitating illegal immigration into the three countries.EU Commissioner for Home Affairs Ylva Johansson said Lukashenko's actions were in retaliation for sanctions imposed by the EU on Belarus in June after the brutal crackdown on opposition protesters in the streets. Lukashenko also faced international condemnation following the forced landing of an Athens-Vilnius flight in Minsk in May, and the arrest of an opposition activist on board.In late August, Poland announced plans to build a fence along its entire border with Belarus and double the number of troops stationed there. The country's Deputy Foreign Minister Marcin Przydacz said Poland would not let the 32 Afghans stationed near the village of Usnarz Gorny apply for asylum in Poland.Related: Afghan families are being rapidly resettled in the US. But adjusting will take years. "These are not refugees, they are economic migrants brought in by the Belarusian government," he said. Renata Mieńkowska-Norkiene, associate professor at the faculty of political science and international studies, University of Warsaw, said Poland is playing the stand-off to its advantage. The Polish government is using the situation to highlight the EU's failings on migration, while also appearing to be critical of Russia, she said.It also allows the ruling Law and Justice party to play its anti-immigrant card. The ruling party regularly stokes up nationalistic sentiment to gain voter support, particularly in the lead up to elections. Ahead of the 2015 parliamentary election, party leader Jarosław Kaczyński talked about migrants bringing over “very dangerous diseases” long absent from Europe.The crisis puts opposition parties in Poland in a bind. Donald Tusk, leader of the opposition Civic Platform party and a former prime minister, said the migrants deserve humanitarian assistance but “Polish borders must be tight and well protected.”Mieńkowska-Norkiene said opposition politicians who express support for the migrants, or condemn the Polish government's intransigence, are in danger of being seen as unpatriotic or pro-Russia.Related: As Afghans flee Taliban rule, some find a temporary new home in Uganda “If the opposition says, look this is a humanitarian problem, we need to help these people, then immediately it's accused of being anti-Polish, or of acting on Putin's side."Renata Mieńkowska-Norkiene, associate professor, political science and international studies, University of Warsaw, Poland  Photo of Renata Mieńkowska-Norkiene. Credit: Courtesy of Renata Mieńkowska-Norkiene “If the opposition says, look this is a humanitarian problem, we need to help these people, then immediately it's accused of being anti-Polish, or of acting on Putin's side,” Mieńkowska-Norkiene said. On Thursday, Polish President Andrzej Duda declared a state of emergency in two provinces near its border with Belarus. It's the first time the country has made such a declaration since communist times. Interior Minister Mariusz Kamiński said the action was supported by the local authorities in the region and it was "in the interests of the safety of our citizens, especially the inhabitants of border towns.”Human rights lawyer Górczyńska fears the effect the ruling will have for activists trying to record what's happening to migrants camped along the border.“We may not be able to enter some of the border zones where other people are being pushed back and then will have no chance to document what's happening there,” Górczyńska said.Doctor Bownik worries how the ruling will affect the mental health of the 32 Afghans camped near Usnarz Górny. “I think we bring them hope,” she said. “They thank us every day for being there.”Bownik said she fears what will happen when there is no one there to keep an eye on the camp and monitor the police.“If we're not there, I think that Polish police and police soldiers will do whatever they want to those people.”On Thursday night, journalists and activists were told to leave the border area or face a fine and possible arrest.

Lectura El abominable Ivan Serkis. Capítulo 13. Voz María Larralde. Bialystok es una ciudad que medra en la frontera entre países, que se resiste a envejecer en el paso entre dos siglos, donde una dinastía familiar centenaria se bate contra la decadencia de su tiempo. Su hogar, una gran mansión colmada de recuerdos alegres y manchada por la melancolía. Un lugar donde anidar y eclosionar un mal indescriptible. Un mal extemporáneo como atemporal. Un mal atroz por indecible. Un mal abominable... La lectura la realizaré por capítulos, y al finalizar se unificará todo en un solo vídeo. Diseño e ilustración de portada: Conrado martín. Maquetación: Araceli Rodriguez. Corrección: Jorge R. del Río. Música: https://patrickdearteaga.com/ Para los interesados en la novela: https://www.amazon.es/abominable-Iv%C... Esta novela ha sido posible gracias a Arachne: https://t.co/hwPlIsC9Al?amp=1

Lectura El abominable Ivan Serkis. Capítulo 12. Voz María Larralde. Bialystok es una ciudad que medra en la frontera entre países, que se resiste a envejecer en el paso entre dos siglos, donde una dinastía familiar centenaria se bate contra la decadencia de su tiempo. Su hogar, una gran mansión colmada de recuerdos alegres y manchada por la melancolía. Un lugar donde anidar y eclosionar un mal indescriptible. Un mal extemporáneo como atemporal. Un mal atroz por indecible. Un mal abominable... La lectura la realizaré por capítulos, y al finalizar se unificará todo en un solo vídeo. Diseño e ilustración de portada: Conrado martín. Maquetación: Araceli Rodriguez. Corrección: Jorge R. del Río. Música: https://patrickdearteaga.com/ Para los interesados en la novela: https://www.amazon.es/abominable-Iv%C... Esta novela ha sido posible gracias a Arachne: https://t.co/hwPlIsC9Al?amp=1

Lectura El abominable Ivan Serkis. Capítulo 11. Voz María Larralde. Bialystok es una ciudad que medra en la frontera entre países, que se resiste a envejecer en el paso entre dos siglos, donde una dinastía familiar centenaria se bate contra la decadencia de su tiempo. Su hogar, una gran mansión colmada de recuerdos alegres y manchada por la melancolía. Un lugar donde anidar y eclosionar un mal indescriptible. Un mal extemporáneo como atemporal. Un mal atroz por indecible. Un mal abominable... La lectura la realizaré por capítulos, y al finalizar se unificará todo en un solo vídeo. Diseño e ilustración de portada: Conrado martín. Maquetación: Araceli Rodriguez. Corrección: Jorge R. del Río. Música: https://patrickdearteaga.com/ Para los interesados en la novela: https://www.amazon.es/abominable-Iv%C... Esta novela ha sido posible gracias a Arachne: https://t.co/hwPlIsC9Al?amp=1

Lectura El abominable Ivan Serkis. Capítulo 10. Voz María Larralde. Bialystok es una ciudad que medra en la frontera entre países, que se resiste a envejecer en el paso entre dos siglos, donde una dinastía familiar centenaria se bate contra la decadencia de su tiempo. Su hogar, una gran mansión colmada de recuerdos alegres y manchada por la melancolía. Un lugar donde anidar y eclosionar un mal indescriptible. Un mal extemporáneo como atemporal. Un mal atroz por indecible. Un mal abominable... La lectura la realizaré por capítulos, y al finalizar se unificará todo en un solo vídeo. Diseño e ilustración de portada: Conrado martín. Maquetación: Araceli Rodriguez. Corrección: Jorge R. del Río. Música: https://patrickdearteaga.com/ Para los interesados en la novela: https://www.amazon.es/abominable-Iv%C... Esta novela ha sido posible gracias a Arachne: https://t.co/hwPlIsC9Al?amp=1

The Psychology of Bilingualism is based on an in-depth filmed conversation between Howard Burton and Ellen Bialystok, Professor of Psychology at York University. Ellen Bialystok is a world-leading expert on the effects of bilingualism on cognitive processes across our lifespan. This extensive conversation examines how Ellen discovered differences in the development of essential cognitive and language abilities for bilingual children, the use of different brain networks by monolingual and bilingual young adults performing simple conflict tasks, and the postponement of symptoms of dementia in bilingual older adults, and many more fascinating aspects of bilingualism. Howard Burton is the founder of the Ideas Roadshow, Ideas on Film and host of the Ideas Roadshow Podcast. He can be reached at howard@ideasroadshow.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Psychology of Bilingualism is based on an in-depth filmed conversation between Howard Burton and Ellen Bialystok, Professor of Psychology at York University. Ellen Bialystok is a world-leading expert on the effects of bilingualism on cognitive processes across our lifespan. This extensive conversation examines how Ellen discovered differences in the development of essential cognitive and language abilities for bilingual children, the use of different brain networks by monolingual and bilingual young adults performing simple conflict tasks, and the postponement of symptoms of dementia in bilingual older adults, and many more fascinating aspects of bilingualism. Howard Burton is the founder of the Ideas Roadshow, Ideas on Film and host of the Ideas Roadshow Podcast. He can be reached at howard@ideasroadshow.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/neuroscience

The Psychology of Bilingualism is based on an in-depth filmed conversation between Howard Burton and Ellen Bialystok, Professor of Psychology at York University. Ellen Bialystok is a world-leading expert on the effects of bilingualism on cognitive processes across our lifespan. This extensive conversation examines how Ellen discovered differences in the development of essential cognitive and language abilities for bilingual children, the use of different brain networks by monolingual and bilingual young adults performing simple conflict tasks, and the postponement of symptoms of dementia in bilingual older adults, and many more fascinating aspects of bilingualism. Howard Burton is the founder of the Ideas Roadshow, Ideas on Film and host of the Ideas Roadshow Podcast. He can be reached at howard@ideasroadshow.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/language

The Psychology of Bilingualism is based on an in-depth filmed conversation between Howard Burton and Ellen Bialystok, Professor of Psychology at York University. Ellen Bialystok is a world-leading expert on the effects of bilingualism on cognitive processes across our lifespan. This extensive conversation examines how Ellen discovered differences in the development of essential cognitive and language abilities for bilingual children, the use of different brain networks by monolingual and bilingual young adults performing simple conflict tasks, and the postponement of symptoms of dementia in bilingual older adults, and many more fascinating aspects of bilingualism. Howard Burton is the founder of the Ideas Roadshow, Ideas on Film and host of the Ideas Roadshow Podcast. He can be reached at howard@ideasroadshow.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/communications

The Psychology of Bilingualism is based on an in-depth filmed conversation between Howard Burton and Ellen Bialystok, Professor of Psychology at York University. Ellen Bialystok is a world-leading expert on the effects of bilingualism on cognitive processes across our lifespan. This extensive conversation examines how Ellen discovered differences in the development of essential cognitive and language abilities for bilingual children, the use of different brain networks by monolingual and bilingual young adults performing simple conflict tasks, and the postponement of symptoms of dementia in bilingual older adults, and many more fascinating aspects of bilingualism. Howard Burton is the founder of the Ideas Roadshow, Ideas on Film and host of the Ideas Roadshow Podcast. He can be reached at howard@ideasroadshow.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/psychology

Lectura El abominable Ivan Serkis. Capítulo 9. Voz María Larralde. Bialystok es una ciudad que medra en la frontera entre países, que se resiste a envejecer en el paso entre dos siglos, donde una dinastía familiar centenaria se bate contra la decadencia de su tiempo. Su hogar, una gran mansión colmada de recuerdos alegres y manchada por la melancolía. Un lugar donde anidar y eclosionar un mal indescriptible. Un mal extemporáneo como atemporal. Un mal atroz por indecible. Un mal abominable... La lectura la realizaré por capítulos, y al finalizar se unificará todo en un solo vídeo. Diseño e ilustración de portada: Conrado martín. Maquetación: Araceli Rodriguez. Corrección: Jorge R. del Río. Música: https://patrickdearteaga.com/ Para los interesados en la novela: https://www.amazon.es/abominable-Iv%C... Esta novela ha sido posible gracias a Arachne: https://t.co/hwPlIsC9Al?amp=1

The Psychology of Bilingualism is based on an in-depth filmed conversation between Howard Burton and Ellen Bialystok, Professor of Psychology at York University. Ellen Bialystok is a world-leading expert on the effects of bilingualism on cognitive processes across our lifespan. This extensive conversation examines how Ellen discovered differences in the development of essential cognitive and language abilities for bilingual children, the use of different brain networks by monolingual and bilingual young adults performing simple conflict tasks, and the postponement of symptoms of dementia in bilingual older adults, and many more fascinating aspects of bilingualism. Howard Burton is the founder of the Ideas Roadshow, Ideas on Film and host of the Ideas Roadshow Podcast. He can be reached at howard@ideasroadshow.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Dzien dobry everyone and you're welcome to Slice 5 of the Loaf of B GAA podcast. On Slice 5 of GAA Global we fly from our friends in St Albans across the short journey to the beautiful and historical Poland. Our journey brings us to Cumann Warszawa in the heart of the so-called Land of Fields! I have the opportunity to chat to 3 Irish students who study veterinary in the capital Warsaw – Luke from the Wee County of Louth, Shane from the mighty Mayo and Bronagh from the beautiful Garden County of Wicklow. All 3 are heavily involved in the club at present. We chat all things Poland and Ireland, including the changing nature of the club in Warsaw given it's heavily student makeup, being the only GAA club in the country, rivalries around Europe and the European Games with teams like Vienna and Berlin, talk of a GAA club in Bialystok starting and of course some of the vital questions like – Polish alcohol versus Guinness, local sausages or Superquinn ones, how would Robert Lewandowski compare with some GAA names and of course the tough choice – former Poland soccer goalkeeper Pope John Paul II or Father Ted Crilly. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/jason-keelan/message

En este capítulo vamos a conocer al trabajador Anatolio Malalas, el griego. Este viejo venido del sur se encuentra repentinamente con un viejo enemigo, un enemigo que hace ya más de dos décadas acabó con toda su familia... Voz María Larralde. Bialystok es una ciudad que medra en la frontera entre países, que se resiste a envejecer en el paso entre dos siglos, donde una dinastía familiar centenaria se bate contra la decadencia de su tiempo. Su hogar, una gran mansión colmada de recuerdos alegres y manchada por la melancolía. Un lugar donde anidar y eclosionar un mal indescriptible. Un mal extemporáneo como atemporal. Un mal atroz por indecible. Un mal abominable... La lectura la realizaré por capítulos, y al finalizar se unificará todo en un solo vídeo. Diseño e ilustración de portada: Conrado martín. Maquetación: Araceli Rodriguez. Corrección: Jorge R. del Río. Música: https://patrickdearteaga.com/ Para los interesados en la novela: https://www.amazon.es/abominable-Iv%C... Esta novela ha sido posible gracias a Arachne: https://t.co/hwPlIsC9Al?amp=1

Voz María Larralde. Bialystok es una ciudad que medra en la frontera entre países, que se resiste a envejecer en el paso entre dos siglos, donde una dinastía familiar centenaria se bate contra la decadencia de su tiempo. Su hogar, una gran mansión colmada de recuerdos alegres y manchada por la melancolía. Un lugar donde anidar y eclosionar un mal indescriptible. Un mal extemporáneo como atemporal. Un mal atroz por indecible. Un mal abominable... La lectura la realizaré por capítulos, y al finalizar se unificará todo en un solo vídeo. Diseño e ilustración de portada: Conrado martín. Maquetación: Araceli Rodriguez. Corrección: Jorge R. del Río. Música: https://patrickdearteaga.com/ Para los interesados en la novela: https://www.amazon.es/abominable-Iv%C... Esta novela ha sido posible gracias a Arachne: https://t.co/hwPlIsC9Al?amp=1

El conde Miazga en destellos de memoria cree recordar "algo", pero rápidamente estos recuerdos se tornan los de ese otro... la locura parece ir ganando terreno en su mente. Lectura de la novela El abominable Iván Serkis. Capítulo 6. Voz María Larralde. Bialystok es una ciudad que medra en la frontera entre países, que se resiste a envejecer en el paso entre dos siglos, donde una dinastía familiar centenaria se bate contra la decadencia de su tiempo. Su hogar, una gran mansión colmada de recuerdos alegres y manchada por la melancolía. Un lugar donde anidar y eclosionar un mal indescriptible. Un mal extemporáneo como atemporal. Un mal atroz por indecible. Un mal abominable... La lectura la realizaré por capítulos, y al finalizar se unificará todo en un solo vídeo. Diseño e ilustración de portada: Conrado martín. Maquetación: Araceli Rodriguez. Corrección: Jorge R. del Río. Música: https://patrickdearteaga.com/ Para los interesados en la novela: https://www.amazon.es/abominable-Iv%C... Esta novela ha sido posible gracias a Arachne: https://t.co/hwPlIsC9Al?amp=1

Professeure émérite, reconnue mondialement pour ses recherches sur l'effet du bilinguisme sur les processus cognitifs tout au long de la vie, Ellen Bialystok nous explique qu'un cerveau bilingue est un cerveau actif et en meilleure santé, surtout avec l'âge. Ses recherches ont par ailleurs démontré que le bilinguisme est un outil puissant pour lutter contre la démence et même la maladie d'Alzheimer chez les patients plus âgés. Pour les jeunes bilingues, les bénéfices sont tout aussi spectaculaires quand les études montrent que les enfants discernent mieux l'essentiel du non essentiel et sont mieux en mesure de gérer plusieurs tâches, de résoudre des problèmes dans les domaines verbaux et non verbaux en capitalisant sur ce qu'ils savent dans un domaine pour en traiter un autre.

The Novardok Yeshiva was both a mussar philosophy as well as a movement. Founded by Rav Yosef Yoizel Horowitz (1850-1919), the Alter of Novardok, in 1896, it soon grew into tens of branches across Russia. Known for its rather radical approach to mussar, educational philosophy and growth, it was seemingly influenced by the general revolutionary zeitgeist in the Russian Empire at the turn of the century. Exiled during World War One, the entire movement would eventually make a daring border crossing into Poland in order to escape from Soviet Russia. The flagship yeshiva was established in Bialystok under the leadership of the Alter's son in law Rav Avraham Joffen. Several other primary branches were established in other cities, with tens of smaller branches across the country. Often it was chassidic students who were recruited to join its ranks. Decimated during the war, attempts were made at rebuilding in Israel through several pre war branches that had been established there, as well as the United States, with limited success. In France however, Rav Gershon Leibman succeeded in reestablishing the Novardok network with his Ohr Yosef schools, which primarily served Moroccan students.   For sponsorship opportunities about your favorite topics of Jewish history contact Yehuda at:  yehuda@yehudageberer.com   Subscribe To Our Podcast on:    PodBean: https://jsoundbites.podbean.com/   Follow us on Twitter or Instagram at @Jsoundbites You can email Yehuda at yehuda@yehudageberer.com

Cuarto capítulo de la novela El abominable Iván Serkis. Bialystok es una ciudad que medra en la frontera entre países, que se resiste a envejecer en el paso entre dos siglos, donde una dinastía familiar centenaria se bate contra la decadencia de su tiempo. Su hogar, una gran mansión colmada de recuerdos alegres y manchada por la melancolía. Un lugar donde anidar y eclosionar un mal indescriptible. Un mal extemporáneo como atemporal. Un mal atroz por indecible. Un mal abominable... La lectura la realizaré por capítulos, y al finalizar se unificará todo en un solo vídeo. Diseño e ilustración de portada: Conrado martín. Maquetación: Araceli Rodriguez. Corrección: Jorge R. del Río. Música: https://patrickdearteaga.com/ Para los interesados en la novela: https://www.amazon.es/abominable-Iv%C... Esta novela ha sido posible gracias a Arachne: https://t.co/hwPlIsC9Al?amp=1

Bialystok es una ciudad que medra en la frontera entre países, que se resiste a envejecer en el paso entre dos siglos, donde una dinastía familiar centenaria se bate contra la decadencia de su tiempo. Su hogar, una gran mansión colmada de recuerdos alegres y manchada por la melancolía. Un lugar donde anidar y eclosionar un mal indescriptible. Un mal extemporáneo como atemporal. Un mal atroz por indecible. Un mal abominable... La lectura la realizaré por capítulos, y al finalizar se unificará todo en un solo vídeo. Diseño e ilustración de portada: Conrado martín. Maquetación: Araceli Rodriguez. Corrección: Jorge R. del Río. Música: https://patrickdearteaga.com/ Para los interesados en la novela: https://www.amazon.es/abominable-Iv%C... Esta novela ha sido posible gracias a Arachne: https://t.co/hwPlIsC9Al?amp=1

Esta es la historia de un extraño y abominable hombre que surgiendo de no se sabe dónde, llegó a destruir todo a su paso. La noble familia del conde Miazga reside en Polonia, en la ciudad de Bialystok, cruce de caminos y territorio inestable por la gran cantidad de conflictos entre los polacos y los rusos del norte. En este ambiente se inscribe el extraño caso de Iván serkis, un ruso proveniente de Polonia... Una historia terrorífica sobre la ruina de la familia Miazga y que implica algo más... algo mucho más profundo, algo inhumano.

“Mi sembra d'essere io un figlio di Israele. Mi sembra di essere io Dreyfus. Mi sembra di essere io un bimbo di Bialystok. Mi sembra di essere io Anna Frank”. Esattamente 60 anni fa, con questi versi, il poeta russo Evgenij Evtushenko esprimeva il proprio sconvolgimento interiore per la scoperta di quanto avvenuto, tra il 29 e il 30 settembre 1941, a Babi Yar. Decine di migliaia gli ebrei ucraini uccisi in poche ore dalle SS con l'aiuto della polizia di Kiev, che attivamente partecipò al massacro. Una pagina d'orrore che proprio allora emergeva da un oblio che anche le forze d'occupazione sovietiche avrebbero contribuito, negli anni successivi, ad alimentare. In quegli stressi luoghi, a 80 anni dalla carneficina, e in occasione di Yom HaShoah, avverrà tra qualche ora qualcosa di molto significativo: l'inaugurazione di una sinagoga, realizzata dall'architetto di fama internazionale Manuel Herz e ispirata come modello alle tradizionali sinagoghe lignee dell'Est Europa risalenti al Sei-Settecento e in gran parte distrutte dai nazisti.

------------------Support the channel------------ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thedissenter PayPal: paypal.me/thedissenter PayPal Subscription 1 Dollar: https://tinyurl.com/yb3acuuy PayPal Subscription 3 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/ybn6bg9l PayPal Subscription 5 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/ycmr9gpz PayPal Subscription 10 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/y9r3fc9m PayPal Subscription 20 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/y95uvkao This show is sponsored by Enlites, Learning & Development done differently. Check the website here: http://enlites.com/ Thomas Coleman III is PhD student at Coventry University, and a Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of Bialystok as part of the Society and Cognition Unit. He draws on multiple approaches from across the sciences and humanities, to study the origins, development, and maintenance of (non)religious worldviews. His research focuses on three areas: Identifying and measuring components of nonreligious worldviews; computer simulated models of the cognitive and social dynamics leading to (non)belief in supernatural agents; investigating how and why moral motivations are stereotypically attributed to religious, as opposed to nonreligious factors. In this episode, we talk about the psychology of believes and nonbelievers. We start with some of the psychological differences between religious people and atheists. We deal with the case of agnosticism. We discuss phenomena like absorption and mentalizing. We talk about worldviews, and fatalism and nihilism. We also go through what we can learn from pilgrimage studies, the four different kinds of religious orientation, and where atheist derive value and meaning from. Toward the end, we discuss the evolutionary bases of atheism, and Thomas tells us about a Postdoc project he is part of: Religion, Ideology & Prosociality: Simulating Secularising Societies. -- A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS/SUPPORTERS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, PER HELGE LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, JERRY MULLER, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BERNARDO SEIXAS, HERBERT GINTIS, RUTGER VOS, RICARDO VLADIMIRO, BO WINEGARD, CRAIG HEALY, OLAF ALEX, PHILIP KURIAN, JONATHAN VISSER, ANJAN KATTA, JAKOB KLINKBY, ADAM KESSEL, MATTHEW WHITINGBIRD, ARNAUD WOLFF, TIM HOLLOSY, HENRIK AHLENIUS, JOHN CONNORS, PAULINA BARREN, FILIP FORS CONNOLLY, DAN DEMETRIOU, ROBERT WINDHAGER, RUI INACIO, ARTHUR KOH, ZOOP, MARCO NEVES, MAX BEILBY, COLIN HOLBROOK, SUSAN PINKER, THOMAS TRUMBLE, PABLO SANTURBANO, SIMON COLUMBUS, PHIL KAVANAGH, JORGE ESPINHA, CORY CLARK, MARK BLYTH, ROBERTO INGUANZO, MIKKEL STORMYR, ERIC NEURMANN, SAMUEL ANDREEFF, FRANCIS FORDE, TIAGO NUNES, BERNARD HUGUENEY, ALEXANDER DANNBAUER, OMARI HICKSON, PHYLICIA STEVENS, FERGAL CUSSEN, YEVHEN BODRENKO, HAL HERZOG, NUNO MACHADO, DON ROSS, JOÃO ALVES DA SILVA, JONATHAN LEIBRANT, JOÃO LINHARES, OZLEM BULUT, NATHAN NGUYEN, STANTON T, SAMUEL CORREA, ERIK HAINES, MARK SMITH, J.W., JOÃO EIRA, TOM HUMMEL, SARDUS FRANCE, DAVID SLOAN WILSON, YACILA DEZA-ARAUJO, IDAN SOLON, ROMAIN ROCH, DMITRY GRIGORYEV, TOM ROTH, DIEGO LONDOÑO CORREA, YANICK PUNTER, ADANER USMANI, CHARLOTTE BLEASE, MIRAN B, NICOLE BARBARO, AND ADAM HUNT! A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY PRODUCERS, YZAR WEHBE, JIM FRANK, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK, IAN GILLIGAN, SERGIU CODREANU, LUIS CAYETANO, TOM VANEGDOM, CURTIS DIXON, BENEDIKT MUELLER, VEGA GIDEY, AND NIRUBAN BALACHANDRAN! AND TO MY EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS, MICHAL RUSIECKI, ROSEY, JAMES PRATT, AND MATTHEW LAVENDER!

Wieslaw Rocki is a health coach and the Owner of Self-Healing Care. He has a medical background as a doctor in Europe, later moving to the United States to continue his work and further explore the complementary healing arts. He is an author of Embrace Your Grace: A Physician's Guide to Dynamic Self-Healing, a speaker, scientist, and educator who formerly owned the N. Virginia Mind-Body Medicine Clinic. Wieslaw holds a Masters and Doctorate in Medicine, Physiology, Obstetrics, and Gynecology from the Medical University of Bialystok in Poland. He conducted postgraduate research in psychopharmacology at the University of Michigan Medical School and a medical residency at The University of Connecticut School of Medicine. Want more like this? Discover how to help more people and run a thriving hypnosis business at https://HypnoticBusinessSystems.com/ Wes joins me today to share the principles of improvisational healing. He shares how you can take improvisational theatrical arts themes and bring them into the healing arts. He reveals how improvisation can have a role inside hypnotherapy and make everything you do much better. He also discusses the No and Yes states of mind and how to create new future possibilities using the “Yes, and” approach while breaking down the steps to help your clients rewrite their script and break free from bad habits. “Improv is not a technique. It is a state-of-mind from which I will handle other techniques.” - Wieslaw Rocki Why we need to combine the expertise of the hypnotherapist and client to achieve better results Why you need to heal yourself before you can heal clients and why it is vital to meet the client on the same level Creating a safe environment with hypnotherapy to resolve problems and enable healing The yes and no states of mind and how we tend to live our lives in a default defensive state Projection and why you need to believe for your client to believe How to utilize improvisation to help clients change beliefs and break free from scripted roles The four stages of learning and breaking the habit of being yourself Creating a future through the Yes And technique and exploring new choices   Resources Mentioned: http://worksmarthypnosis.com/309/ Breaking the Habit of Being Yourself by Dr. Joe Dispenza Connect with Wieslaw Rocki: Self-Healing Care Book: Embrace Your Grace: A Physician's Guide to Dynamic Self-Healing Self-Healing Care on Facebook Self-Healing Care on YouTube Wieslaw Rocki on LinkedIn   Join our next online certification course… wherever you are in the world! https://WorkSmartHypnosisLIVE.com/ Get an all-access pass to Jason’s digital library to help you grow your hypnosis business: https://www.hypnoticbusinesssystems.com/ Get instant access to Jason Linett’s entire hypnotherapeutic training library: https://www.hypnoticworkers.com/ If you enjoyed today’s episode, please send us your valuable feedback! https://www.worksmarthypnosis.com/itunes https://www.facebook.com/worksmarthypnosis/ Join the new WORK SMART HYPNOSIS COMMUNITY on Facebook! https://www.facebook.com/groups/worksmarthypnosis/ Want to work with Jason? Check out: https://www.virginiahypnosis.com/call/

The first episode on Lidia Zamenhof will focus on why and how her father invented the language Esperanto which would change not only her life but the world. TRANSCRIPT: Welcome to Who was she? Podcast. I am your host, Tara Jabbari. After a decade working in documentaries, marketing and all things digital media, I found that podcasting is a strong medium to share stories. After years of producing for others, I decided to start my own biographical podcast. Who was she? Podcast will focus on the stories of women throughout history that were active in the Baha'i Faith. This season is about the life of Lidia Zamenhof, a woman who traveled through three continents between World War one and two to teach languages in an effort to bring unity to humankind. Using the biography, Lidia by Wendy Heller, learn about who made an impact in Lidia's life and how she impacted others.  Her father was the inventor of the language Esperanto and like the language, Lidia won the hearts of many who encountered her despite numerous skeptics and biases.  In order to understand Lidia, you have to know more about her father Ludwick Zamenhof. Esperanto began because Ludwick witnessed many challenges and he concluded that the language barrier was the most common reason for these challenges.  Ludwik Zamenhof was born in 1859 to Markus and Rozalia Zamenhof. He was the first of nine children and  grew up in Bialystok, Lithuania. At the time, the town became a crossroads for people of diverse cultures and nationalities. Families from Russian, Polish, German and Jewish backgrounds all lived in the same area but kept to themselves, sticking to their own familiar languages and were suspicious of others. Based on the example set in the Old Testament's Tower of Babel and from his own experiences, Ludwik believed the mistrust and confusion among the people were brought upon them because they did not speak the same language and would not learn each others. Since choosing one existing language would require people to agree that this was the superior language, he decided to create a whole new one that would make it easier for people to communicate and therefore unify.  When he was 15 years old, he began creating this new universal language and over the next several years, he shared with his brother and friends who began to learn it. As he progressed on the new language, his father, Markus, a professor of linguistics was worried. A few of his friends expressed concern to Markus that Ludwick was showing signs of insanity by trying to make a so-called universal language. Father and son butted heads until they reached a compromise. Ludwick would study medicine and postpone his work on creating a new language. In return, Markus would keep all of his work safely while Ludwick went to Moscow University. When he kept his end of the bargain, Ludwick asked his father for his notebooks but was heart broken to hear that Markus burned it all. Ludwick would have to work from scratch all over again. The result was a torn relationship between father and son that would take many years to heal.  Ludwick moved to Warsaw, Poland and eventually opened his own ophthalmology practice. In 1887, Ludwick married Klara Zilbernik. Klara's family  was very fond of Ludwick and his passion to create a universal language. Her  father even agreed to use half the money from her dowry to allow Ludwik to publish the first book entirely written in the new language. The forty page book included translations of poems as well as a vocabulary of nine hundred words with a Russian translation. Ludwick signed his first book with a pseudonym, “Dr. Esepranto.” Esperanto means, “He who Hopes” The book was a success and many people started to learn Esperanto. With the continued help and support of his in-laws, Ludwick was able to write another series of books translating the works of Shakespeare and parts of the Old Testament into Esperanto.  Ludwick and Klara's  family grew with the birth of Adam,in 1888 and Zofia, in 1889 and by 1903, with the popularity of Esperanto on the rise, they were expecting their third  child. Count Leo Tolstoy received a copy of the first book and reported that he learned the language, quote, “after not more than two hours study”.  On January 29th 1904, Lidia was born. By 1905, the First International Congress of Esperantists was held in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France. These annual congresses would be a huge part of Lidia's life growing up and would introduce her to other passions and purposes.  As the youngest child, Lidia's siblings were considerably older than her and her parents were in their 40s. Both Adam and Zofia followed in their father's footsteps and went to medical school. Lidia was homeschooled until the age of 10. Her parents taught her the importance of honesty and while she had a lot of their attention, they never spoiled her. Klara, her mother, described a 6 year old Lidia as a quote, “very able, bright and hard-working.”  Though The family lived on Dzika Street in the Jewish quarters of Warsaw but the family did not practice Judaism. Therefore, they were regarded with hostility by other Jews and because they were of Jewish background, they were still victims of anti-semits.  Ludwick in particular, wrote his wish that there was either no religion or one religion that all people belong to. He believed that language as well as religion were the great barriers for people to regard each other as friends and family.  But during the Esperanto Congresses, Lidia would witness unity for the first time and she observed how much respect and adoration people had for her father.  Over the years, there was a growing interest in Esperanto. In an interview with a progressive religious magazine, the Christian Commonwealth, the interviewer asked Dr. Zamenhoff his thoughts on how much the language spread and about a new religion, the Bahai Faith.  The Baha'i Faith started in Persia, what is now present day Iran in the mid 19th century. Its Prophet Founder, Baha'u'llah was exiled to Akka, Palestine, present day Israel. He wrote principles and laws to allow humanity to progress including the equality between men and women, elimination of prejudice and the concept of a universal language. The achievement of one universal language, He affirmed, would be the sign of the ‘coming of age of the human race.' Baha'u'llah died in 1892 and His Family was still incarcerated in Akka until the fall of the Ottoman Empire. Now free, Abdu'l-Baha, Son of Baha'u'llah traveled throughout Europe and North America in the 1910s. In February 1913, Abdu'l-Baha spoke about Esperanto in Paris which was reported in the Baha'i magazine, Star of the West. He said:  ‘In the world of existence an international auxiliary language is the greatest bond to unite the people. Today the causes of differences in Europe are the diversities of language. We say, this man is a German, the other is an Italian, then we meet an Englishman and then again a Frenchman. Although they belong to the same race, yet language is the greatest barrier between them. Were a universal auxiliary language now in operation they would all be considered as one…‘Now, praise be to God, that Dr. Zamenhof has invented the Esperanto language. It has all the potential qualities of becoming the international means of communication. All of us must be grateful and thankful to him for this noble effort, for in this way he has served his fellow-men well. He has invented a language which will bestow the greatest benefits on all people. With untiring effort and self sacrifice on the part of its devotees it will become universal. Therefore every one of us must study this language and spread it as far as possible so that day by day it may receive a broader recognition, be accepted by all nations and governments of the world and become a part of the curriculum in all the public schools. I hope that the language of all the future international conferences and congresses will become Esperanto so that all people may acquire only two languages - one their own tongue and the other the international auxiliary language. Then perfect union will be established between the people of the world.'Abdu'l-Baha encouraged Baha'is all over the world to learn Esperanto. The interviewer from Christian Commonwealth asked Zamenhof his thoughts on Abdu'l-Baha's recent talk, to which he replied: ‘I feel greatly interested in the Baha'i movement, as it is one of the great world-movement which, like our own, is insisting upon the brotherhood of mankind, and is calling on men to understand one another and to learn to love each other. The Baha'is will understand the internal idea of Esperanto better than most people. That idea is, “on the basis of a neutral language to break down the walls which divide men and accustom them to see in their neighbour a man and a brother”.'Eventually Esperanto was taught in Persia and continued to grow in other countries. As the years continued, Ludwick's health declined. On April 14th, 1917, Dr. Zamenhof peacefully passed away in his home.His family found some of his essays sprawled around his desk. One read: “I do not remember exactly in which year of my life I lost my religious faith, but I remember that I reached the highest degree of my unbelief at around the age of 15 or 16. That was also the most tormented period of my life. In my eyes, life lost all meaning and value...All seemed so senseless, useless, aimless, so absurd!“I came to feel that perhaps [death is] not disappearance, perhaps death is a miracle...that something is guiding us for a high purpose…” He never finished the essay. How did she cope with her father's death? What happened to the Esperanto movement? We will find out in the next episode of Who was she? You can also find more information on our Instagram, Facebook and Pinterest @whowasshe podcast. And please, rate and subscribe wherever you listen to this podcast. Logo was designed by Angela Musacchio. Music was composed and performed by Sam Redd. I am your host, Tara Jabbari.  Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This week we had the opportunity to connect with Delee Nikal, who is a Wet'su'weten community member, about updates from the Gidimt'en Camp that was created to block the TransCanada Coastal GasLink pipeline (or CGL) that Canada is trying to push through their un-ceded territory. In this interview Bursts and Delee speak about ways folks can get involved, both in so called BC and elsewhere, how the covid pandemic is affecting their work, and many other topics.   Click here to hear a past interview with Delee!   Follow @gidimten_checkpoint on Instagram and Gidimt'en Yintah Access on the internet for further ways to send solidarity, including a fundraising and wishlist link.   Links and projects mentioned by our guest: defund.ca defundthepolice.org BIPOC Liberation Collective Defenders Against the Wall   Help Get a New Lawyer for Sean Swain!   Before the segment from Sean Swain, we would like to draw attention to a fundraiser in order to get Sean proper legal representation. As we all may know by now, there is nothing restorative about the prison system, its only reason for being is punitive and capitalist. Sean Swain has been in prison for the past 25 years, for a so called “crime” of self defense and radicalized to being an anarchist behind bars. He has been targeted by numerous prison officials for his political beliefs, so much so that years were added to his sentence. If you would like to support this fundraiser, you can either visit our show notes or go to gofundme.com and search Restorative Justice for Sean Swain.   - --- - – - --- - – - --- - – - --- - -- You can write to Sean Swain at his latest address:   Sean Swain #2015638 Buckingham Correctional PO Box 430 Dillwyn, VA 23936   You can find his writings, past recordings of his audio segments, and updates on his case at seanswain.org, and follow him on Twitter @swainrocks. - --- - – - --- - – - --- - – - --- - --   In Solidarity with Italian Anarchists Facing Repression We send you our solidarity call with anarchist in Italy and some introductory words, asking you to spread it in the way you prefer. Thanks! “From 2019 to today the Italian State has carried out many repressive operations and inflicted a series of restrictive measures on anarchist comrades, limiting their freedom of movement and forcing them to remain within the limits of their city or to move away from the city or region where they reside. As recipients of these kind of minor measures, together we want to relaunch our solidarity with the more than 200 comrades involved in the various trials in Italy that are starting this September and that shall continue throughout the autumn. In particular, the appeal trial of the Scripta Manent Operation will resume at the beginning of September: this trial involves 5 comrades who have been in prison for 4 years (two of them for 8 years) and which has resulted in 20+ years of sentence in the first grade. During this trial the prosecutor Sparagna gibbered of an “acceptable” anarchism and of a “criminal” one, statements that contain the punitive strategy that the State wants to carry out, based on dividing the “good” from the “bad” within the anarchist movement and the ruling of exemplary sentences.” --------- WHO ASPIRES TO FREEDOM CANNOT BE “MEASURED” We are anarchists subject to restrictive measures following a series of investigations that have crossed the Italian peninsula in the last year and a half. They would like to isolate us, but they cannot. They would like to prevent us from supporting our comrades in prison, but their repression can only strengthen our solidarity. With these various investigations, measures and prison detentions they want to wear us out and divide us, but we remain firm in our ideas and our relations, also thanks to the strong and sincere solidarity that has never failed us and that is increasingly under attack in the courtrooms. They want to divide us between “good” and “bad”, between an anarchism they call "acceptable" and one they call "criminal". We are aware that it is our ideas that have been put on the stand in the latest inquiries, all the more so when these ideas find the way of being translated into action, because as we've always believed, thought and action find their meaning only when tied together. And it's not surprising that a hierarchical system of power such as the State is trying to knock out its enemies by playing dirty and reviewing history, precisely when social anger is growing everywhere. We don't intend to bow down to their repressive strategies and we reaffirm our full solidarity and complicity with all the anarchists who will be on trial from September: we stand side by side with the comrades under investigation for the Scripta Manent, Panico, Prometeo, Bialystok and Lince Operations, with the anarchist comrades Juan and Davide and with those who will be tried for the Brennero demonstration; we assert our solidarity with Carla, an anarchist comrade arrested in August after living more than a year as a fugitive, following the Scintilla Operation. We know very well who are the enemies that imprison our comrades and against whom we are fighting and every anarchist knows in his/her heart how and where to act to demonstrate what solidarity is. Even if not all of us can be present in the courtrooms alongside our comrades on trial or where solidarity will be manifested, we want to express all our affinity, our love and our anger to them and to all anarchists in prison. Let's continue to attack this world of cages. Solidarity is a weapon, and an opportunity. -Anarchists “with measures”, exiled and confined - --- - – - --- - – - --- - – - --- - -- Public Domain music for this episode: Hustler – Retro Beatz (loop by William) BOSS – Hip Hop Rap Instrumental 2016 (loop by William)

Vor genau einem Jahr wurde eine LGBT-Parade in Bialystok von Gegendemonstranten brutal niedergeknüppelt. Warum tut sich gerade eine Stadt mit einer reichen multikulturellen Vergangenheit wie Bialystok heute mit Vielfalt so schwer? Von Florian Kellermann www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de, Weltzeit Hören bis: 19.01.2038 04:14 Direkter Link zur Audiodatei

The US department of Health and Human Services says the most common way to determine, if a person is overweight or obese is to calculate body mass index (BMI), which is an estimate of body fat, based on comparing a person’s weight to his or her height. However, BMI can be flawed with more lean muscle weight, such as the case with a fit person or athlete.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) comments that, “BMI does not measure body fat directly, but research has shown that BMI is moderately correlated with more direct measures of body fat obtained from skinfold thickness measurements, bioelectrical impedance, underwater weighing, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and other methods.” When BMI is added to a person’s potential health comorbidities (high blood pressure, cardiovascular, liver, or kidney disease), there can be a higher risk to complications associated with viral-associated diseases, such as Covid-19. “BMI appears to be strongly correlated with various adverse health outcomes consistent with these more direct measures of body fatness,” notes the CDC.For adults, a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 is considered normal weight; 25.0 to 29.9 is considered overweight; 30.0 to 39.9 is considered obese, and 40.0 and higher is considered extremely obese.The World Health Organization (WHO) states that the number of obese people has tripled worldwide in the last twenty years – reaching the status of a global epidemic – mainly associated with improper dietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle.According to April 2020 research – Obesity, Bioactive Lipids, and Adipose Tissue in Insulin Resistance – published in the online, peer reviewed journal Nutrients, “obesity is a state of pathological increase in the amount of adipose tissue, which boosts the risk of numerous diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, some types of cancer, and type 2 diabetes.” The study authors from the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland, stress that “there are a number of causes leading to the development of obesity, including genetic and environmental factors. The contribution of genetic factors to obesity is very important and is thought to be responsible for 40–70% of obesity cases.”However, note the Polish researchers, “it appears that non-genetic factors, especially environmental factors such as unhealthy eating habits and lack of physical activity, also play a substantial role in generating obesity.” Let’s add sleep duration and daytime sleepiness to the list of complications that may affect being overweight and obese.When insulin resistant – a precursor to type 2 diabetes and obesity – insulin stimulates fat storage and inhibits fat breakdown for energy. Under normal conditions, insulin is an anabolic (building) hormone that increases the uptake of amino acids by muscle tissue and enhances protein synthesis (making muscle).The American Diabetes Association (ADA) defines insulin resistance as, “a condition in which the response of cells to insulin is impaired with respect to carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels.”The ADA further states that, “insulin has a wide spectrum of effects on metabolic processes in adipocytes (fat cells); therefore, it is considered the most important hormone regulating anti-lipolytic processes, and deterioration of cell sensitivity to this hormone or impairment of the insulin pathway may affect the metabolism of adipose (fat) tissue.” The central accumulation of fat tissue – known as an android visceral fat - is consistent with a male fat pattern. Female fat accumulation – known as a gynoid fat pattern – is the increase of subcutaneous (under the skin) fat in the hip and thigh regions. Read the rest at MackieShilstone.com

Marcin Baranowski Use the discount code FREEDIVE CAFE to get 10% off any orders from octopusfreediving.com 20% OFF ALL ONLINE COURSES AT IMMERSIONFREEDIVING.COMUSE DISCOUNT CODE FREEDIVECAFE Subscribe to PodcastApple PodcastsGoogle PodcastsAndroidby EmailRSSMore Subscribe Options Marcin Baranowski is a Professor of Physiology at the Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. His research focuses on lipid metabolism. He's also a passionate freediver, competing both in pool and depth since 2012. Marcin uses his experience as a scientist to find new ways of improving diving performance. He shares his knowledge by organizing workshops on freediving physiology, giving talks, and writing articles for the official website of AIDA Poland. In this episode we discuss:How is the lockdown situation in Poland due to the Coronavirus?Marcin is from Poland. He is a Professor or Human Physiology.Marcin is also a competitive freediver himself.Marcin's definition of the Mammalian Diving Response (MDR)Why are humans so good in the water?The diving response is a response to stress.But the diving response can be trained.Submerging the face in water (training in the pool) while breathholding may be be much better than dry training alone.Do dry exercises make you a better freediver?He is a big fan of no warm-up diving.The importance of a warm and dry face before maximal attempts (in no warm-up diving).The mask is a 'dive reflex killer'!Do genetics affect the MDR?A Patreon question from Veronika about removing the spleen and can you still dive if it has been removed?Marcin is also a big fan of RV (Residual Volume) diving to train blood-shift.RV may be safer than FRC diving.Thoughts on packing and it's dangers.About CAGE (Cerebral Arterial Gas Embolism)How to improve whole-body oxygen storage, and can myoglobin storage be improved and used?A Patreon question from Matthias about reducing metabolic rate.Menstrual cycle and how it affects resting oxygen consumption.On fasting and ketogenic diets.Why high-carb may be better for freedivers compared to high-fat.On calorie-restricted diets.The benefits of meditation and yoga for decreased oxygen consumption.Support for antioxidants for recovery and how creatine may reduce risk of blackout in those with low phosphocreatine levels.The risks of diving with PFO.Freediving during pregnancy.How to reduce the risk of trachea/lung squeezes.Viagra for risk-reduction in freediving???Patreons question from Emile.What is the future of elite-level freediving?Marcin's recommended books are The Witcher Saga by Andrzej Sapkowski. Marcins's Links:Facebook PageMarcin's Youtube Channel  Become a supporter of the show and get access to exclusive episodes and other content!Visit Patreon DONATE through PAYPAL SEND TO:domhnallus@googlemail.com

Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof, nacido en Bialystok en el imperio ruso, un 15 de diciembre de 1859 y fallecido en Varsovia un 14 de abril de 1917.De profesión oftalmólogo y creador del "Esperanto", esa lengua auxiliar y planificada más hablada en todo el mundo.Este hombre fue nominado doce veces, al Premio Nobel de la Paz."El Callejero" es un podcast para conocer las personas o hechos históricos que dan nombre a nuestras calles, con una duración media de 5-6 minutos, con una locución y ambientación sonora que tiene el objetivo de que te suscribas a estos contenidos y lo compartas entre tus familiares y amigos, principalmente entre los más jóvenes para que de es modo conozcan importantes personajes de la historia.Puedes patrocinar este podcast desde 20€, escríbeme para convertirte en patrocinador de este contenido. contacto@ivanpatxi.esCreado y producido por Iván Patxi Gómez Gallego, encuentra más información en https://www.ivanpatxi.es .Servicios profesionales de podcasting, locución publicitaria y documental. Escríbeme y contrata mis servicios de locución y producción.

TESTO DELL'ARTICOLO ➜http://www.filmgarantiti.it/it/articoli.php?id=163POPIELUSZKO - COMMENTO AL FILM SU PADRE JERZY di Antonio GaspariUn film straordinario, che racconta la storia di un eroe sconosciuto ai più, padre Jerzy Popiełuszko, testimone e martire di un popolo, quello polacco, che ha sconfitto la dittatura comunista con le armi dell'amore e del vangelo cristiano.Venerdì 28 maggio alla Radio Vaticana è stato proiettato il film del regista polacco Rafał Wieczyński: "Popiełuszko. Non si può uccidere la speranza".Il film racconta la storia di un santo, le cui qualità e vicende sono paradigma della virtù di un popolo, e il cui sacrificio supremo, così simile a quello di Cristo, è stato indicato dal Pontefice Giovanni Paolo II, come il tributo di sangue che ha salvato l'Europa.Padre Jerzy Popieluszko nacque il 14 settembre 1947 a Okopy provincia di Bialystok. Fu ordinato sacerdote dal Cardinal Stefan Wyszynsky il 28 maggio 1972 a Varsavia. Oltre al lavoro parrocchiale, nella Chiesa di San Stanislao Kostka, svolgeva il suo ministero tra gli operai organizzando conferenze, incontri di preghiera anche per medici ed infermieri, assisteva gli ammalati, i poveri, i perseguitati.Per il suo coraggio, la difesa dei diritti umani, la richiesta di libertà e giustizia, la capacità di amare anche i suoi persecutori, divenne subito una minaccia per il regime dittatoriale.Padre Popieluszko aiutava tutti gli operai, dava loro coraggio, li educava all'amore fraterno, li invitava a non reagire quando venivano colpiti, li confessava, sosteneva le loro famiglie. Gli insegnava a rispondere con preghiere e canti sacri e patriottici alle minacce e alle aggressioni. Sosteneva Solidarnosc nelle sue battaglie per garantire migliori condizioni sociali, per la libertà, la giustizia, il progresso.Tentarono in vario modo di minacciarlo e spaventarlo. Uccisero i figli e i parenti delle persone a lui più vicine. Qualcuno dei suoi collaboratori cedette alle minacce e divenne una spia dei servizi segreti. Ma padre Popieluszko, non cedette mai alle provocazioni. Mai si piegò al sentimento di odio. Nel film, in un momento molto duro, quando scopre di essere tradito e prossimo alla paura, quando i suoi amici non ne possono più dell'oppressione e del terrore, si riporta una sua frase: "combatto il peccato non le sue vittime".Questa sua capacità eroica di amare tutti cristianamente, lo rendono libero e invincibile. Il regime non sa cosa fare. Cercano di screditarlo e di accusarlo di cospirazione politica, ma padre Popieluszko non parla mai di politica.La situazione sta per precipitare e la Chiesa prova a convincerlo di riparare a Roma, ma padre Popieluszko è cosciente della sua missione e va avanti, fiducioso, ubbidiente e fedele a Cristo.Così il 19 ottobre 1984 di ritorno da un servizio pastorale da Bydgosszcz a Gorsk vicino a Torun viene rapito da tre funzionari del Ministero dell'Interno, selvaggiamente picchiato e seviziato.Pur legato dentro al cofano dell'auto cerca di fuggire. I persecutori lo braccano, lo colpiscono ancora più violentemente, lo sfigurano, lo legano tra bocca e gambe, in modo che non possa distendersi senza soffocare. Gli stringono un masso ai piedi e lo buttano ancora vivo in un fiume. Aveva 37 anni.Il regime pensa di aver messo a tacere il più coraggioso dei suoi oppositori, e invece è il segno della sua fine. Da lì a poco non solo la Polonia sarà liberata, ma l'intero sistema comunista collasserà.Nonostante le minacce e la violenza, oltre mezzo milione di persone sfilò al funerale di padre Popieluszko.Tra i giovani che sfilarono oranti dietro a quella bara, c'era il regista del film Rafał Wieczyński, il quale ha rivelato a Radio Vaticana: "avevo 16 anni quando partecipai ai funerali di padre Popiełuszko. Insieme a 600 mila persone riuscivo a percepire i sentimenti della gente in quel periodo. E' diventato una sorta di maestro, una figura con la quale mi confrontavo e volevo che la nuova generazione provasse le sensazioni di quei tempi, quando la gente era unita fondandosi sui valori del Vangelo".Da allora la tomba di padre Popiełuszko che si trova accanto alla chiesa di San Stanislao Kostka, a Varsavia, è meta continua di pellegrinaggi di fedeli provenienti dalla Polonia e dal mondo intero.Il 14 giugno 1987 Papa Giovanni Paolo II ha pregato sulla sua tomba, senza avere la possibilità di gridare al regime e al mondo le virtù e la grandezza di padre Popieluszko.A tutt'oggi oltre 18 milioni si sono soffermati sulla tomba di padre Popieluszko, e domenica 6 giugno verrà proclamato Beato.Intervistato da ZENIT, il regista del film ha rivelato che in Polonia "il film è stato visto da un milione e trecentomila persone. Molto importante il fatto che sia stato visto nelle scuole da studenti che non hanno mai saputo che cosa è stata la dittatura comunista".L'edizione italiana del film ha avuto poca pubblicità e solo in 15.000 lo hanno visto, ma l'edizione home video dell'opera sarà diffusa nelle edicole da venerdì 4 giugno.Prima della proiezione che è avvenuta nella Radio Vaticana, Hanna Suchocka, già Primo Ministro Polacco, membro della Pontificia Accademia delle Scienze Sociali e attuale Ambasciatore presso la Santa Sede ha spiegato che "nella Chiesa non sono mancati uomini e donne, che hanno testimoniato Cristo fino alla fine". Ma la figura di padre Popiełuszko è tuttavia "eccezionale, perché è un eroe contemporaneo che ha testimoniato come si può vincere il male con il bene" ."Padre Jerzy Popiełuszko era soprattutto un testimone di Cristo – ha sottolineato la Suchocka, - un sacerdote che viveva e lavorava per gli uomini"."Forse adesso, - ha aggiunto - quando ci avviciniamo alla conclusione dell'Anno Sacerdotale, vale la pena di ricordare la figura di Popiełuszko come esempio spirituale di chi, nonostante la fragile salute, è rimasto grande nella sua capacita di accettare la grazia di Dio".L'Ambasciatore polacco ha voluto poi cogliere un altro aspetto della figura di padre Jerzy, affermando che "padre Popieluszko era una persona libera dentro, nonostante le pressioni che venivano esercitate nei suoi confronti dalle autorità, dal suo ambiente e dai suoi collaboratori"."Forse è questa libertà che i suoi carnefici volevano soffocare – ha aggiunto –. Ma il suo sacrificio non è stato invano, la Polonia è stata liberata e il suo ricordo è rimasto vivo nella memoria e nei cuori dei Polacchi".Nel film spezzoni di telegiornale in bianco e nero si alternano con le vicende di vita quotidiana. Pur non denunciando mai in forma esplicita la dittatura comunista, la pellicola è una delle testimonianze più forti circa la crudeltà e disumanità di quel regime.Così, come il film "Schindler's list" ha denunciato l'orrore del regime nazista, il film "Popiełuszko. Non si può uccidere la speranza" mostra gli orrori dei regimi socialisti.In entrambi i casi vince l'umanità che di fronte ai peggiori orrori della storia, riesce a sopravvivere credendo e confidando in Dio.

TESTO DELL'ARTICOLO ➜http://www.filmgarantiti.it/it/articoli.php?id=62POPIELUSZKO - IL CAPPELLANO DI SOLIDARNOSCIl Servo di Dio Padre Jerzy Popieluszko nasce nella regione di Bialystok da genitori contadini. È un ragazzino molto religioso e solitario. Entra in seminario a Varsavia nel 1965. Durante il servizio militare (1966 – 1968) viene più volte punito per "atteggiamento ribelle". È ordinato sacerdote nel 1972. Presta la sua opera in diverse chiese di Varsavia, fra cui la chiesa di sant'Anna, sede della pastorale accademica da cui ogni anno parte il pellegrinaggio a Czestochowa degli studenti universitari e centro di numerose attività dell'opposizione. Alla fine degli anni Settanta ha seri problemi di salute, per cui deve limitare i suoi impegni.Nel giugno 1980 viene assegnato come sacerdote residente alla parrocchia di san Stanislao Kostka, sul cui territorio si trova la grande acciaieria "Huta Warszawa". Il 28 agosto è inviato dal primate di Polonia, cardinal Stefan Wyszynski, dagli operai della Huta in sciopero che chiedono un sacerdote per dire la Messa: diventa così il cappellano di Solidarnosc della Huta. Dopo l'introduzione dello stato di guerra è uno degli organizzatori del Comitato del Primate di Aiuto ai Perseguitati e alle loro famiglie, che coordina i comitati locali e nel gennaio 1982 assiste al processo contro gli operai della Huta. Insieme al parroco della chiesa di san Stanislao Kostka organizza ogni mese una Messa per la Patria, che raccoglie migliaia di persone: operai, intellettuali, artisti, e anche persone lontane dalla fede. Nelle sue omelie chiede il ripristino delle libertà civili e di Solidarnosc. Svolge un'ampia opera di sostegno materiale e spirituale e si mantiene in stretto contatto con gli intellettuali dell'opposizione e con le strutture clandestine di Solidarnosc. Le autorità temono la sua influenza e si fanno sempre più frequenti le proteste alla Curia di Varsavia in cui lo si accusa di attività anti statale. Viene strettamente controllato dai Servizi di Sicurezza, anche con la collaborazione di agenti segreti, fra cui una sacerdote e almeno quattro laici che fanno parte del gruppo dei suoi più stretti collaboratori (come è emerso dai dossier dei Servizi di Sicurezza), ed è continuamente convocato dalla polizia. Durante le Messe per la Patria la chiesa viene spesso circondata da un cordone di automezzi della polizia e fanno la loro comparsa dei gruppi di provocatori. Il 14 dicembre 1982 ignoti gettano nella sua stanza un mattone con una carica esplosiva. Da quel momento gli operai della Huta Warszawa decidono di garantirgli una scorta giorno e notte. Nel maggio 1983 organizza i funerali di Grzegorz Przemyk, il figlio della poetessa Barbara Sadowska, esponente di spicco dell'opposizione, ucciso dalla polizia. Nel settembre 1983 padre Popielusko organizza per la prima volta un pellegrinaggio di operai a Czestochowa, divenuto una tradizione che resiste ancora, e nell'autunno organizza presso la sua chiesa un'università parrocchiale per gli operai.Il 12 dicembre 1983 è convocato per un interrogatorio durante il quale viene fermato come indagato per "aver abusato della libertà di coscienza e di confessione, sia durante gli uffici religiosi, che nelle sue omelie". Rischia 10 anni di carcere e solo l'intervento dell'arcivescovo di Varsavia presso il Ministro degli Interni lo riporta in libertà senza che si arrivi al processo. I servizi di sicurezza, comunque, continuano a tenerlo sotto controllo, e il Primate Glemp gli propone di andare a studiare a Roma, ma rifiuta. Il 1 maggio 1984 celebra la Messa per gli operai, durante la quale parla della dignità del lavoro e al termine della funzione la polizia chiude le strade attorno alla chiesa e attacca la folla degli operai con gli idranti. Nello stesso periodo i mass media conducono una feroce campagna denigratoria contro di lui, definito dal portavoce del governo: "un fanatico politico, un Savonarola dell'anticomunismo, mentre le sue Messe non sono altro che rappresentazioni intrise di odio".Il 13 ottobre 1984 tre ufficiali dei Servizi di Sicurezza cercano di provocare un incidente automobilistico mentre si trova sulla strada per Danzica. Il 19 ottobre, durante la recita serale del Rosario in una chiesa di Bydgoszcz, il sacerdote ripete ancora una volta: "Chiediamo di essere liberi dalla paura, dal terrore, ma soprattutto dal desiderio di vendetta. Dobbiamo vincere il male con il bene e mantenere intatta la nostra dignità di uomini, per questo non possiamo fare uso della violenza". Mentre rientra a Varsavia viene rapito da quegli stessi tre ufficiali. Il suo autista, Waldemar Chrostowski, riesce a fuggire e racconta l'accaduto: immediatamente a Varsavia cominciano le veglie di preghiera in un clima di grande apprensione. Il 30 ottobre il suo corpo viene ritrovato nel lago di Wloclawek. L'autopsia rivela che prima di morire è stato torturato e seviziato. Il processo contro gli esecutori del delitto si svolge dal 27 dicembre 1984 al 7 febbraio 1985. Nonostante l'accusa chieda per due degli imputati la pena di morte, le condanne vanno da 25 a 14 anni di carcere, mentre i mandanti restano ignoti. Gli autori materiali torneranno presto in libertà a seguito di riduzioni della pena.I funerali, che si svolgono il 3 novembre, a cui partecipano decine di migliaia di persone, si trasformano in una grande manifestazione popolare. La salma viene tumulata nel cortile della chiesa di san Stanislao Kostka e ben presto la sua tomba diviene meta di pellegrinaggi e di visite ufficiali di uomini politici stranieri. Si stima che in dieci anni sia stata visitata da 18 milioni di persone. Il 19 dicembre 2009 papa Benedetto XVI ha autorizzato la Congregazione per le cause dei santi a promulgare il decreto riguardante "il martirio del Servo di Dio Giorgio Popiełuszko". La solenne messa di beatificazione di don Jerzy Popiełuszko è stata celebrata a Varsavia domenica 6 giugno 2010.

New laws are being passed across Poland taking aim at the LGBT community. They’ve been called “LGBT free zones” as a shorthand. While they don’t necessarily mean that lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people are being thrown into prison, they are having a chilling effect on the community. The laws have contributed to a more general climate of conflict and fear. In 2019, violence broke out at several equality marches after far-right groups held counter demonstrations. After one such clash, LGBT activists fought back with a hashtag campaign - which led to more protests on the streets. We meet the activists who are rallying support and the counter demonstrators who organise against them. And we find out whether young LGBT people in Poland are planning to leave the country – or stay put. Presenter: Mike Wendling Reporter: Ben Hunte Producer: Sean Allsop Picture caption: Anti-LGBT protesters burn a rainbow flag at a demonstration last year in Bialystok in Poland Picture credit: BBC

Prof. Ellen Bialystok is a psychologist who studies the bilingual brain. Her work traces the development of the brain from infancy to old age, looking at the effect of bilingualism on our ability to pay attention to things. Her work has tremendous implications for public policy in an age of increasing immigration and increasing xenophobia. Hosted by Cameron Graham, Professor of Accounting at York University, and produced by Bertland Imai of York’s Learning Technology Services. Visit our website at podcastorperish.ca Podcast or Perish is produced with the support of York University.

This is Draw The Line Radio Show with Jacki-e, featuring my mix in the 1st hr of music made by women and then, for the 2nd hr, I hand the decks over to a female DJ. Helping me Draw The Line this week it's IGA who is from Bialystok in Poland. At the age of 14 she lived in Munich and started mixing Hip-Hop with two cassette players. When she heard The Prodigy she decided learn to DJ. She is now based in Berlin. IGA loves hard basslines, weird vocals and abstract noises . Links for IGA:- https://www.facebook.com/DJn-IGA-255305194491589/ https://www.instagram.com/iga.tresor/ https://soundcloud.com/igaofficial/ In my mix in the first hour I’m featuring tracks by Steffi & Virginia, Anna and Miss Kittin, Christina Semmler, Fabiann, Rosana Nun and lots more. It's time to say NO to gender imbalance in dance music. It's time to Draw The Line!! Track list 1st hour mixed by Jacki-E 1. Steffi x Virginia – Internal Bleeding (original mix) Ostgut Ton promo to be released 20th Sept 2019. 2, Afrodeutsche – Phase Two (original mix) River Rapid. 3. Christina Semmler – Be Free (original mix) Kamarad Meyer Musik. 4. Rosana Nun, J Sanchez – Deep in the Jungle (original mix) Finky Republic. 5. Tate Flowers – You Know (original mix) DistroKid. 6. Invinta – Gud (original mix) LANDR, Self-Released. 7. Fabiann – Running on a Cold Planet (original mix) Riot Recordings. 8. Mha Iri – Movin’ (Aves Volare remix) Lauter Unfug. 9. Rosana Nun, J Sanchez – No Money (original mix) Finky Republic. 10. Anela – Space (original mix) Reload Black Label. 11. Miss Kitten, ANNA – Forever Ravers (original mix) Kompakt Extra. 12. Christina Semmler – Orgasm (Wex 10 remix) Drehmoment promo. 13. David Dega – Robotika ( Andreas Signore & Mha Iri remix) Oscuro Music 14. Diana May – Devil’s Balls (original mix) Neuhain 15. Fabiann – Opium (original mix) Starskream. 16. Steffi x Virginia – Work a Change (original mix) Ostgut Ton promo to be released 20th Sept 2019. 17. Anika Kunst – Inflection Point (original mix) Chapter Records (ES). 18. Tawa Girl – My Name is Techno (original mix) Krank Records. 19. Christina Semmler – Orgasm (Toxic DNA remix) Drehmoment promo. 20. Gimu – Laughing, Lastly (original mix) Bandcamp release. 2nd hour IGA - An Exclusive Guest Mix for Draw The Line Radio Show. 1. Kas:st - Lost Souls (original mix) 2. Mørbeck feat. Wyad - Travel In Mind (original mix) 3. Kangding Ray - Summerend (original mix) 4. Tauchen - Kr1 (original mix) 5. Elad Magdasi - Silent Thrust (original mix) 6. Setaoc Mass - True Lies (original mix) 7. Linda Sclerotik - Japanese Nightmare (original mix) 8. Nicole Moudaber - See You Next Tuesday (original mix) 9. Anetha - Interstellar (original mix) 10. Kangding Ray - These Are My Rivers (original mix) 11. Hanubis - Introversion (original mix) 12. Gina Cifre - Detox (original mix) 13. Lena Willikens - Howlin Lupus (original mix) Draw The Line Radio Show is produced for radio by Sergio Erridge and is A Darker Wave production.

چه سنی برای یادگیری زبان دوم مناسبه؟ بهترین روش برای یادگیری زبان چیه؟ اصن چرا باید زبان دوم یاد بگیریم؟ در این قسمت قراره به یادگیری زبان و مسائل پیرامونش بپردازیم. محتوا تکمیلی: لینک ویکی‌پدیا فارسی زندگی‌نامه جینی لینک یوتیوب یک عمل جراحی بر روی ناحیه بروکا (مشابه موردی که در پادکست روایت شد) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KpkH25XVpFU منابع استفاده شده در این قسمت: Bialystok, Ellen, and Hakuta, Kenji. In Other Words. BasicBooks, A Division of HarperCollins Publishers, Inc., 1994. Bruer, John T. The Myth of the First Three Years. The Free Press, A Division of Simon and Schuster Inc., 1999. Marshall, Brad. April 16, 2000. Is there a ‘child advantage’ in learning foreign languages?Education Week. Vol. 19, number 22, pages 39, 41. Singleton, David, and Lengyel, Zsolt. The Age Factor in Second Language Acquisition. Multilingual Matters Ltd., 1995. Fromkin, Rodman, Hyams, An Introduction to Language, Tenth Edition, Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2014 Cognitive Neuroscience of Foreign Language Education: Myths and Realities, Ali Nouri, IJRELT, Vol 3. No. 1. Spring & Summer 2015 Klein D.,Kelvin Mok,Jen-Kai Chen, E. Watkins, Age of language learning shapes brain structure: A cortical thickness study of bilingual and monolingual individuals, Brain and Language, Elsevier, April 2014, doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2013.05.014 http://www.mpi.nl/q-a/questions-and-answers/when-should-a-child-learn-a-second-language http://www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_view.aspx?ArticleID=60 --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/sinata/message

TESTO DELL'ARTICOLO ➜ http://www.bastabugie.it/it/articoli.php?id=5698LA MAMMA DI DON POPIELUSZKO PERDONO' GLI ASSASSINI DEL FIGLIO di Giuliano GuzzoSe sono purtroppo ancora pochi, perfino nello stesso mondo cattolico, quelli che conoscono bene la storia e la testimonianza di don Jerzy Popiełuszko (1947–1984), il sacerdote e martire polacco assassinato oltre tre decenni or sono e beatificato nel giugno 2010 sotto il pontificato di Benedetto XVI, decisamente meno, c'è da temere, saranno quelli che sanno qualcosa di Marianną Popiełuszko (1920-2013), sua madre. Ed è un peccato perché, come quella del figlio, anche la sua è una figura decisamente luminosa, contrassegnata da una testimonianza di fede autenticamente vissuta.MADRE DI UN SANTOAiuta a colmare questo vuoto un bel libro di oltre 300 pagine intitolato Matka Świętego. Poruszające świadectwo Marianny Popiełuszko, traducibile come "Madre di un santo, commovente testimonianza di Marianną Popieluszko", a cura della giornalista e scrittrice polacca Milena Kindziuk. Grazie a quest'opera possiamo difatti scoprire di più di questa donna coraggiosa, morta pochi anni or sono alla veneranda età di 93 anni, non prima però di aver assistito alla beatificazione dell'amato figlio Jerzy.Nata nella regione rurale di Bialystok quasi un secolo fa, Marianną si sposò giovane - aveva 22 anni -, diede alla luce cinque figli, tra cui il sacerdote divenuto un simbolo della resistenza durante i tempi bui del regime comunista, e fu sempre una donna di grande fede. A provarlo, le sue stesse parole. Come quando affermò: «La fede in Dio viene prima di tutto. Senza Dio, la vita non ha senso. Dobbiamo assicurarci che sia sempre presente in noi perché con la fede c'è sempre una vittoria».Una chiara conferma dell'attaccamento al Signore, la signora polacca la diede anche quando aspettava il suo terzo figlio, Jerzy. Allora, infatti, Marianną pregò intensamente affinché Dio concedesse al piccolo che aveva in grembo la grazia della vocazione sacerdotale. Una richiesta che solo una madre di grande fede può fare e alla quale, evidentemente, l'Onnipotente non ha mancato di corrispondere, donandole il figlio che sognava ma anche, come sappiamo, un dolore immenso.IL MIO PIÙ GRANDE DOLOREUn dolore di cui la donna parlò anche il 6 giugno 2010, in occasione della beatificazione di suo figlio: «Il mio più grande dolore è stato la morte di Jerzy». Ciò nonostante, accanto a queste parole di comprensibile dolore, la signora Popiełuszko ne fece seguire altre a dir poco commoventi: «Io non giudico nessuno, perché Dio è l'unico giudice. La mia grande gioia sarà quando gli assassini di mio figlio si convertiranno». Una conversione per la quale l'anziana, ancora a decenni di distanza, confidava di «pregare ogni giorno», con l'intercessione di suo figlio, il quale - aveva aggiunto sempre la donna - «ben sapeva che non c'è nulla di più importante nella vita della presenza di Dio».La conferma della grandezza della madre di Jerzy Popiełuszko ci arriva poi dalle parole di Milena Kindziuk, che ne ha curato il libro. La scrittrice ha infatti dichiarato: «Non avremmo mai avuto don Jerzy senza la fede e la fiducia della madre Marianna, la quale è giunta a perdonare gli assassini del figlio». È stata Marianną Popiełuszko», ha inoltre aggiunto la Kindziuk, «ad insegnare ai suoi figli la fede e la preghiera. Tanto che, quando il figlio Jerzy entrò in seminario, lei disse di aver dato con tutto il cuore suo figlio alla Chiesa. Al punto che approvò tutte le decisioni dei superiori del figlio, anche quelle che non la convincevano». Che dire, c'è davvero di che essere grati alla signora Popiełuszko. Per aver donato alla Chiesa una figura immensa come padre Jerzy e per aver essa stessa dato una testimonianza di fede grandiosa che, oggi più che mai, merita di essere riscoperta e presa come esempio.

Author Meets Critics: Mark Kingwell: Commentary by Lauren Bialystok (2/5) by Centre for Ethics, University of Toronto

En este episodio 3 de Elemental Podcast os hablo sobre el bilingüismo, en la sección de consultas abordo las emociones autoconscientes, la vergüenza y la culpa, y finalmente en visiones del futuro hablo de una tecnología de vanguardia, la optogenética.Este es un buen artículo para saber más sobre bilingüismo. Y aquí tienes un estudio de Bialystok y otro. Y por último otro estudio sobre los beneficios del bilingüismo.Para saber más acerca de las emociones autoconscientes, puedes consultar este estudio de Tangney, este de Hoffman o este de Lewis.Y sobre Optogenética tienes muchos recursos de la Universidad de Stanford, o en el grupo de investigación de Ed Boyden. En la wikipedia encontrarás más cosas.Y sabéis que podéis visitar la web www.albertomg.com para contactar conmigo.

My grandmother used to tell a story about coming to America from Poland. How she sang God Bless America to cheer up all the grownups on the ship. She was 5 or 6 years old, traveling alone with her mom. For her, it must have been a big adventure. I can hardly imagine what it was like for her mom— my great grandmother — how bad things must have been for Jews in their home town of Bialystok for her to pick up and leave like that, without her husband, heading toward some distant cousin in the undiscovered country of Vineland, New Jersey.  My guest today left Egypt as an adult for the US, also under politically grim circumstances.  During the Arab Spring, as his country convulsed toward revolution, he became a leading voice of dissent. A trained surgeon, he made an unlikely transition to famous tv satirist for millions of viewers on his nightly political comedy show. Bassem risked jail, helped facilitate the toppling of a dictator who’d been in power for 30 years, and after all that change decided it was time to start a new life in America.  And just yesterday I was complaining that I’m sick of New York City, but I don’t see how I could possibly leave . . .  Bassem Youssef is a comedian, writer, and the smart, funny host of the podcast ReMade in America. Surprise conversation-starter clips in this episode:  Alvin Hall on being black in the US vs. the UK Michio Kaku on the new economics of space exploration Alice Dreger on social media slacktivism Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Rep. of Ireland footballing international Cillian Sheridan who now ply's his trade in Poland talks to us about his career so far. Also author Anthony Carragher was on the line to talk about his current book(Lost? Liverpool f.c. and english football at the crossroads).

Rep. of Ireland footballing international Cillian Sheridan who now ply's his trade in Poland talks to us about his career so far.

Learn how Ludwig Zamenhof single-handedly created an entire language, Esperanto, in the 19th century. Esperanto is the most widely-spoken artificial language in the world today. It has allowed people from vastly different backgrounds with vastly different cultures to connect with one another and share experiences. Despite its success, many often forget Esperanto’s humble origins and the fascinating story of its creator, L.L. Zamenhof, a man whose main goal was bringing peace to the world. Like our show? Sign up for our newsletter! Time stamps [00:25] A quick reminder of the Tower of Babel legend [02:50] Introducing Mark Fettes, president of the Universal Esperanto Association [03:30] How living in multi-cultural Białystok shaped L.L. Zamenhof’s views on peace and minorities’ rights [06:48] How a teenage Zamenhof came up with his first version of the constructed language [08:30] What is Zionism, and what is Homaranismo? [11:40] Zamenhof's struggle to make Esperanto popular [16:42] Our hosts go to Białystok to attend an Esperanto convention [19:39] How the US Army (mis)used Esperanto in their combat training programme [21:03] What is a gateway language? [23:05] Is Esperanto just a language or is it a philosophy? Why is Esperanto worthwhile? Further reading Białystok: The Original Babel of the Eastern European Borderlands How Much Polish Is There In Esperanto Did David Bowie Know Esperanto? The Invented Language of Warszawa & the Eastern-European Story Behind It The Legacy of Ludwik Zamenhof Gallery 9 Things You Need To Know About Esperanto and Its Creator Tim Morley's full TED Talk speech Thanks Mark Fettes / president of the Universal Esperanto Association. Mark kindly agreed to tell us the story of Zamenhof’s mission for bringing peace to the world. Łukasz Żebrowski / Esperanto and beer blogger. Łukasz gave us plenty of advice on how to discover the world to Esperanto, let us know about the convention and largely helped in scheduling the interview with Mark Fettes. Thanks Łukasz! Przemysław Wierzbowski / president of the Bialystok Esperantist Association. For kindly inviting us to Esperantists convention and facilitating finding great interviewees. Conference participants: Michaela Stegmaier, Hamlet Randall, Mathieu Desplantes, Szabolcs Szilva and Iwona Zalewska who kindly gave us a short introductory Esperanto lesson. Esperanto pop song playlist Let It Be / The Beatles Esperanto National Anthem Jolene / Dolly Parton Hello / Adele New York, New York / Frank Sinatra Unconditionally / Katy Perry I’m a Believer / The Monkees Check our full playlist on Youtube!   SFTEW Team: Wojciech Oleksiak, Adam Zulawski, John Beauchamp, Nitzan Reisner & Michael Keller

“We are joined today by Ellen Bialystok, a Canadian psychologist and professor who is one of the world's leading experts on bilingualism and this will be the topic of our conversation.”

På kort tid har mönstereleven bland de forna kommuniststaterna gått och blivit EU:s nya problembarn. Kaliber nyhetsdokumentär: om Polens väg mot en oviss framtid. Nyhetssändning i Ekot i hösten 2015:Det ser ut att bli maktskifte i PolenPartiet Lag och rättvisa, som på polska förkortas PiS, får som första parti sedan kommunisttiden egen majoritet och den politiska kartan ritas om.PiS har högerkristna värderingar och hyllar patriotism. Men vallöftena handlar också om sociala reformer såsom extra barnbidrag och sänkt pensionsålder.Men det dröjer inte förrän den nya regeringen möts av protester.PiS instiftar en ny medielag som ökar den politiska kontrollen över statliga medier. Journalister avskedas och ersätts av andra som är mer lojala med PiS.Och en annan lagändring försvagar författningsdomstolen, alltså den institution som ska kunna hindra regeringen från att stifta lagar som strider mot grundlagen.Nu under våren står flera tält utanför statsministerkansliet i Warszawa. De tillhör protestgruppen KOD kommittén till försvar för demokratin, som organiserar regelbundna protester. I ett av tälten sitter aktivisten, Andrzej Miszk, som är inne på sin 25:e dag av hungerstrejk. Han ser blek men samlad ut. Ungefär sex veckor ska en frisk person fasta innan kroppen tar skada. Därefter får jag rådgöra med min läkare och andliga ledare, säger han.Andrzej Miszk kräver att regeringens ska respektera författningsdomstolens beslut. Men vad det egentligen handlar om är en form av statskupp, anser han. Regeringens agerande är en form av statskupp. Och sådana görs för att införa diktatur, säger Andrzej Miszk.Wislafloden klyver PolenSpårvagn genom Warszawa. En musikant i sliten grå kostym spelar dragspel. Vi åker över Poniatowskiego-bron. Den ligger inbäddad i grå februaridimma och känns ganska ödslig. Men för bara några dagar sedan tågade tiotusentals demonstranter över bron. Det har uppstått en dispyt om hur demonstrationen framställdes i media.Justyna Czechowska, som översätter svensk litteratur, säger att den statliga televisionen förmedlade en förvanskad bild av demonstrationen. Hela den här bron var full med människor och polska flaggor. Medan den statliga televisionen visade en bild av några huliganer. Alltså en tom gata, några människor, framför att de bärande regnbågsflaggan.Andra menar dock att det gavs en betydligt mer nyanserad bild i statlig tv.Vi går av vid hållplatsen på andra sidan Wislafloden. Och Wisla förklarar Justyna, klyver Polen, inte bara geografiskt, utan även politiskt och kulturellt. Och det är på den här sidan, säger hon, som den nya regeringen har flest anhängare. Här ligger endast två lite större städer, Lublin och Bialystok. Stora delar av den här delen av Polen har länge varit fattiga, och är fortfarande fattiga. Och fattigdomen har liksom gått hand i hand med Katolska kyrkan. Fattigdomen och arbetslösheten, man har liksom sökt hjälp hos kyrkan.Vad får det konsekvenser, det här glappet som du beskriver? Den största konsekvensen enligt mig att vi inte kan prata med varandra. Vi har så väldigt olika värderingar. På den lägsta nivån, vad gäller mänskliga rättigheter, jämställdheten och sådana här moderna demokratiska idéer, alltså även om vi diskuterar begreppet demokrati så kanske vi har totalt olika idéer om det. Vi pratar två olika språk, säger hon.Jag tar tåget några mil österut. Med mig som ciceron och tolk har jag Joanna Bartoszczuk, student som läser svenska på universitetet. Jag frågar hor hon ser på utvecklingen i Polen. Jag är rädd för en avdemokratisering av Polen och en stor censur. Jag är lite rädd att jag ska känna mig otrygg med mina åsikter. Att de som har makten ska säga mig vad jag ska tänka. Att jag måste ha barn inom äktenskapet, att jag måste gifta mig i kyrkan. Det är jag lite rädd för, säger hon."Nu har de sanna polackerna tagit över"Vi går av i Otwock, ett litet samhälle med drygt 40 000 invånare. Alkohol, heter en liten men välsorterad spritaffär. Det är förmiddag. En äldre man köper en så kallad återställare, en vodkaflaska i fickformat. Och en annan man är lite kluven ifall han ska välja apelsin- eller ananasvodka.Maria Barczek, som står bakom kassan är glad över att Polen fått en ny regering. Det är en tragedi att de unga inte kan få ett arbete, säger hon. De får i bästa fall jobb med usla villkor som det inte går att leva på.De flesta som jag pratar med här i Otwock, beskriver ett samhälle på dekis. Ett samhälle som var bättre förr. På den lokala marknaden träffar jag pensionären Marianna Majewska bärandes på en kasse potatis. Nu har de sanna polackerna tagit över, säger hon. De tänker på familjerna och tar itu med dem som plundrar vårt land, säger hon och tillägger:­ Det är inte bara jag som tycker så, säger Marianna Majewska. Berättar att hon arbetat som mekaniker på en fabrik som fanns här tidigare. Allt var bättre innan Solidaritet stal allting och sålde det till tyskarna, säger hon. Men nu ska PiS reparera allt och polackerna ta makten.Kaliber nyhetsdokumentär i P1, idag om ett splittrat Polen. Låt oss gå tillbaka i tiden, för att bättre förstå det som sker i dag:I början av 60-talet är tvillingbröderna Lech och Jaroslaw Kaczinsky barnskådisar i en känd polsk film: De två som stal månen.Som vuxna kommer de båda att engagera sig politiskt. De är med i Solidaritet, motståndsrörelsen mot kommunismen.2001 grundar de det nationalkonservativa partiet PiS.2005 blir Lech Kaczynski vald till president.Men 2010 omkommer han då ett polskt regeringsplan kraschar i Ryssland.Vi ska återkomma till det.Kvar i livet finns tvillingen Jaroslaw Kaczinsky.Han är varken statsminister eller president, men som ledare för regeringspartiet, PiS, anses han nu ha den verkliga makten i landet. Han kallas av en del för Polens patriark. Har aldrig varit gift. Lever ensam, frånsett älskade katten, Fiona. Sedan broderns död för sex år sedan, klär han sig utan undantag i svart.Och hans retorik är hård, hatfylld menar hans kritiker. Flera klipp från polsk tv har lagts upp på Youtube. Där han delar upp medborgarna i goda, patrioter och kallar de som går i demonstrationstågen värsta sortens polacker.Det sitter i generna hos en del polacker att förråda fosterlandet, och just nu är dessa polacker mycket aktiva.Där han insinuerar att politiska motståndare är som Gestapo. De tidigare goda relationerna Polen haft till Tyskland och EU har också blivit föremål för Kaczysnkis vassa tunga:Vi ska aldrig bli en koloni. Vi tillåter inte att polackerna ska bli föraktade och förnedrade. Kyrkan bärare av den nationella kulturenGatorna i huvudstaden minner om Polens turbulenta historia. En av huvudgatorna är kallad efter Johannes Paulus II. Landets andlige beskyddare. Som gav frihetskampen sin välsignelse och bad för polackerna. Under de ett och ett halvt sekel då Polen formellt inte fanns, var kyrkan bärare av den nationella kulturen. Katolicismen blev närmast synonym med polsk identitet. Under kommunisttiden en symbol för motstånd och inre frihet. Och idag lever regeringspartiet PiS i nära symbios med kyrkans konservativa församlingar. Som katolik följer jag biskoparnas råd.Så sa nyligen Kaczynski till stöd för deras förslag om totalförbud mot abort. Blir förslaget verklighet får inte ens den graviditet avbrytas som tillkommit genom våldtäkt.En annan gata är uppkallad efter Solidaritet, fackföreningen som växte till en folklig motståndsrörelse och ledde till kommunismens fall. Solidaritets karismatiske ledare, Lech Walesa, fick senare Nobels fredspris.1989 faller kommunismen. Polen inför marknadsekonomi, och blir en demokrati. Eller?Nej, den historieskrivningen håller nya den regeringen inte med om. De som ledde Solidariet svek i själva verket revolutionen. Polen blev inte alls demokratiskt. Korruptionen blev kvar i en ohelig allians mellan gamla kommunister och opportuna liberaler, som sålde ut allting till tyskarna, för att låna ett citat från Marianna Majewska, som vi träffade på marknaden i Otwock. Och Lech Walesa, Solidaritets berömde ledare, han som fick motta Nobels fredspris, var i själva verket en förrädare.Nu under våren har det rapporterats i nyheterna om nyfunna dokument, som sägs bevisa att Walesa var angivare åt kommunistpartiets hemliga polis. Anklagelser som funnits tidigare, men som nu hamnat i debatten igen. Demokratin som bara var fernissa. Folkhjälten som egentligen var kommunistisk spion.Lite i utkanten av centrum ligger redaktionen för Polytika, Polens största veckomagasin. Där jag träffar jag Adam Szostkiewicz, känd polsk journalist och författare.Han visar mig senaste numret, där han skrivet en lång artikel om turerna kring Walesa. På framsidan ett porträtt av den legendariske strejkledaren, men retuscherat, så att ansiktet ser ut att krackelera. Det handlar om att Lech Walesa, en nationalhjälte för oss, håller på att förlora sitt grepp över polackernas själar, åtminstone de som röstat på högerregeringen, säger Adam Szostkiewicz.Han anser att det är en demoniseringskampanj som pågår och jämför med Stalintidens Sovjet, där framstående personer, som till exempel Trotskij, ena dagen kunde finnas med på offentliga foton för att senare, när de hamnat i onåd, vara bortsuddade.Men frågar jag, ligger det ingenting i påståendena om Lech Walesas förflutna?Adam Szostkiewicz medger att anklagelserna kanske inte är grundlösa, men tycker att man måste jämföra med alla bra saker som Walesa åstadkommit. Kanske är det sant. Men varför inte jämföra med det han åstadkom som Solidaritets ledare. Vi tycker inte det är rätt att komprimera hela hans biografi till denna enstaka episod, säger Adam Szostkiewicz.Hur ska man se på den förra regeringen i Polen, Platforma Obiwatelska, Medborgarplattformen?På liberala ledarsidor beskrivs deras åtta åren vid makten som en succé, som gav Polen ekonomisk tillväxt.Olika syn på historienEnligt kritikerna skapades ökade klyftor, och samhället drogs isär.Skillnaderna gäller även synen på demokratin. Adam Szostkiewicz och hans kollegor på Polytika, kritiserar den nuvarande regeringen för att försöka styra över media och snöpa det fria ordet. Men enligt andra journalister, var det inte ett dugg bättre under den förra regeringen.För snart två år sedan briserade en skandal i media. Inrikesministern och chefen för Centralbanken sitter på en lyxkrog i Warszawa och diskuterar hur Centralbanken ska kunna hjälpa regeringen att behålla makten över nästa val. Det var en serie smygbandade krogsamtal där ministrar och höga tjänstemän gör bort sig.Det ledde till att tre ministrar fick avgå och tros ha bidragit till att den förra regeringen förlorade makten. När regeringen begick fel var det självklart att publicera. Jag trodde aldrig det skulle bli en sådan reaktion, säger Mihal Lisiecki, som möter upp i elegant kostym och vit skjorta, i baren på Marriott Hotel där han precis avslutat ett annat möte.Han är en känd mediaperson i Polen. Det var hans veckomagasin, Wprost, som publicerade de läckta krogsamtalen. Och vars redaktion fick påhälsning av säkerhetstjänsten som ville beslagta det läckta materialet. Men flera journalister från andra medier var där för att visa sitt stöd. Och när de civilklädda agenterna försöker vrida en laptop ur händerna på chefredaktören går det ut i direktsändning.Mihal Lisiecki minns med olust hur redaktionen stormades, men ännu värre var de hot som han och hans familj utsattes för efteråt, berättar han. Jag och min familj utsattes för ett väldigt hårt tryck, jag kände rentav att de var i fara.Var du orolig för din familjs säkerhet? Ja, det var jag. Och det var första gången. Sådant väntar man sig inte, att regeringen ska agera så här mot mig, mina kollegor och min familj.Han tycker inte att det är så anmärkningsvärt det som den nya PiS-regeringen ägnar sig åt. Statliga medier har alltid varit politiserade i Polen, säger han. Det är samma med alla regeringar när de byter folk. Under den förra regeringen utlyste man kanske tjänsterna officiellt, men det var ändå bekantas bekanta som fick dem i slutändan. Den här nya regeringen spelar åtminstone med öppna kort, säger han.Protesterna mot regeringen växerNu i april växer demonstrationerna mot regeringen. Nu handlar det inte bara om media och rättsväsende, utan om ett Polen som blir allt mindre sekulärt och där förslaget om att kriminalisera abort får stöd av PiS-ledningen.Men det är inte bara protestmöten som hålls utanför regeringsbyggnaden. Det drar nämligen ihop sig till en väldigt speciell högtidsdag. Och för att förstå vad det handlar om måste vi återvända till april 2010 och flygkatastrofen vi talade om tidigare:Ett polskt regeringsplan kraschar vid landningsbanan i ryska staden Smolensk. Alla 96 ombord omkommer. Den yngre tvillingbrodern president Lech Kaczynski, hans hustru och en stor del av Polens ledarskikt.De hade rest för att hedra 70-årsminnet av de 22 000 polacker, främst officerare, som mördades av Stalins hemliga polis - ett brott som Sovjetunionen inte erkände förrän långt senare, under Gorbatjov.Och det finns många polacker som tror att även flygkraschen är ett brott, orkestrerat av Moskva, kanske rentav i maskopi med Kaczynskis politiska fiender i Polen.En kommission tillsatt av den förra regeringen kom fram till att flygkraschen berodde på dåligt väder, dålig utrustning och dåliga beslut. Men PiS-regeringen och Jaroslaw Kaczynski har aldrig accepterat de slutsatserna. I februari tillsätts en ny kommission.Konstanty Gebert, reporter på Gazeta Wyborcza, anser att olyckan redan utretts tillräckligt. Enligt honom eldar regeringen på konspirationsteorier för att bevisa riktigheten i sin egen historieskrivning. Att Polen fortsatte att styras av kommunistiska agenter, förrädare och lakejer, smorda med pengar från Moskva och Bryssel. Polens oberoende, menar PiS, börjar med oss, säger Konstanty Gebert.Genom att beskriva sig själva som de sanna polackerna, som äntligen tar itu med korruptionen, kan de också rättfärdiga sina kritiserade lagändringar, menar Konstanty Gebert. Det är väldigt centralt. För om deras världsbild stämmer så rättfärdigar den alla tuffa åtgärder.En farlig provokation Enligt Gebert har Kaczyncki handplockat flera ministrar med paranoid läggning. Till exempel försvarsministern, Antoni Macierewicz, som berättat för en katolsk radiostation om sitt intresse för Simon Vises protokoll, en ökänd antisemitisk konspirationsteori. Det uttalandet gjordes 2002. Men så sent som i mars i år, framhöll han vikten av att utreda huruvida om polska medborgare används som försökskaniner för elektromagnetiska vapen på en inspelad föreläsning.Och det är alltså denne Macierewicz som hårdast driver tesen om rysk inblandning i Smolensk-kraschen. Då menar alltså Antoni Macierewicz att Ryssland har attackerat ledaren för ett NATO-land, säger Konstanty Gebert.En farlig provokation och en indirekt krigsförklaring, anser Konstanty Gebert. Var det faktiskt innebär är att vi borde ligga i krig med Ryssland, säger han.Macierewicz har trots hård kritik hållit fast vid sin linje; att planet exploderade innan det kraschade, och att Polens förra regering avsiktligt slarvade med utredningen.Efter kraschen lyckades Jaroslaw Kaczynski få brodern Lech Kaczynski begravd i Wawelska katedralen i Krakow - bland kungar, helgon, och historiska martyrer.På en nyligen rest minnessten utanför stadshuset står att Lech Kaczynski stupade i tjänsten. Inte omkom, utan stupade, precis som de hjältarna han ligger begravd bredvid. Och varje månad, den tionde, hålls en officiell minnesceremoni för Smolensk-offren. Och den tionde april i år, har det gått sex år sedan kraschen. Då ser området kring presidentpalatset ut som ett festivalområde, med flera olika scener, tusentals människor och minst lika många polska flaggor. Byggnader som draperats med foton på de döda.Politik och religion flyter ihop Vet vi fortfarande inte om kraschen var en olycka eller en kupp, säger Lukasz Lewandowski, en funktionär iförd en gul PiS-väst, och fortsätter: Varje polack har rätt att äntligen få veta sanningen, säger han. Det är det första jubileet som sker under PiS-regeringen, och jag förstår att det är stort för dem, säger Justyna Czehowska, översättare av svensk litteratur. Lyckligtvis för dem inträffar det på en söndag, då väldigt många kan komma och vara här hela dan, och verkligen fira, säger Justyna Czehowska.Det är en brokig skara som församlats. Barnfamiljer och pensionärer, warszawabor och hitresta. En del har kommit för att be, andra för att dela ut patriotiska flygblad och broschyrer. Efter 65 år ska vi äntligen ordna en begravning för denne man, säger ett par unga killar, som kampanjar för att man ska hedra en bortglömd krigshjälte med en officiell begravning. Vi vill ordna en statlig och katolsk begravning, för att han var en stor polsk hjälte, det är därför vi delar ut de här flygbladen, säger en av dem. Det här jippot som pågår nu talas med en präströst. Det är inte en politisk röst som talar på scenen, det här sker i katolsk anda väldigt mycket, menar Justyna Chehowska. Men lyssna! Det här är en mässa som sker utanför presidentpalatset. Det är absurt! En bön ska ske inom kyrkans fyra väggar och inte göras till en festival, tycker Justyna Czehowska.Lech Kaczynski! Lech Kaczynski! Lech Kaczynski! Folket skanderar den döde presidentens namn. Inte långt från stora scenen står en staty av romantiske nationalskalden Adam Mickiewicz. Han anammade den messianska idén om Polen som Europas heliga martyr, ett land som var vikt åt lidande för att frälsa andra. En myt som den nya regeringen gärna spelar på, enligt Justyna. Och den passar ju in i polackernas bild av Messias, av Kristus och då tar man liksom sig själva också polska hjältar är också sådana som fått dö för de andra, och då är det väldigt enkelt att bygga den myten, menar Justyna Czehowska.Och nu bygger man Lech Kaczynski-myten? Ja, nu bygger man en Lech Kaczynski-myt. Och helst av allt vill man att han ska, inte vet jag, helgonförklaras? Men retoriken är densamma, som när påven skulle helgonförklaras.Det sekulära Polen lyser med sin frånvaro utanför presidentpalatset. Böner blandas med patriotiska tal. Den religiösa ritualen och det politiska mötet smälter samman. Polen befinner sig i ett ganska svagt moment just nu. Nu är det väldigt enkelt att övertala och övertyga till det ena eller det andra. Om man talar deras språk, om man använder deras retorik och deras symboler, säger Justyna Czechowska.Ceremonierna och bönerna avlöser varandra. Presidenten håller tal. Statsministern faller på knä och ber en bön. Men det verkliga crescendot kommer på kvällen. Det ligger som åska i luften när ledaren med stort L gör entré.Lech Kaczynski har stupat för fosterlandet. Men nu står brodern på scenen, redo att föra Polen mot en ljusnande framtid. Och ifall någon fortfarande undrat vem som egentligen styr EU:s sjätte största land, kommer svaret med besked från de uppeldade massorna.Jaroslaw! Jaroslaw! Jaroslaw! Jaroslaw! Jaroslaw!Reporter: Per ShapiroProducent: Annika H ErikssonKontakt: kaliber@sverigesradio.se  

A growing body of research points to a significant effect of bilingualism on cognitive outcomes across the lifespan. The main finding is evidence for the enhancement of executive control at all stages in the lifespan, with the most dramatic results being maintained cognitive performance in elderly adults and protection against the onset of dementia. These results shed new light on the question of how cognitive and linguistic systems interact in the mind and brain. I will review evidence from both behavioral and imaging studies and propose a framework for understanding the mechanism that could lead to the reported consequences of bilingualism and the limitation or absence of these effects under some conditions. (November 11, 2015) Sponsored by the CMBC with additional support from the Departments of Psychology, German Studies, French and Italian Studies, Russian and East Asian Languages and Cultures (REALC), Middle Eastern and South Asian Studies (MESAS), the Emory College Language Center (ECLC), the Program in Linguistics, and the Hightower Fund.

Bilingualism research has shown that the ability to focus one’s attention in the face of distraction develops earlier in bilingual children than in their monolingual peers (e.g., Bialystok, 1999; Martin-Rhee & Bialystok, 2008), and that lifelong bilingualism may protect older individuals from some areas of the cognitive decline that comes with normal aging (e.g., Bialystok, Craik, Klein, & Viswanathan, 2004; Bialystok, Craik, & Ruocco, 2006). While it is plausible to suppose that exceptional cognitive control is a felicitous by-product of the constant practice bilinguals are said to have with focusing their attention on the use of one language while suppressing interference from the other, the nature of the relationship between language-specific skill and domain-general cognitive control remains to be clarified, particularly among middle-aged individuals who are at the age at which the effects of cognitive aging commonly begin to manifest. With this study we sought to elucidate the relationship between language-specific proficiencies and general cognitive control by comparing the performance of Spanish/English bilinguals of different ages and language proficiencies on a series of cognitively demanding tasks. Participants were two groups of highly proficient Spanish/English bilinguals aged in their 20s or 40s/50s, and two age-matched groups of less-highly proficient Spanish/English bilinguals. Proficiency in Spanish and English was evaluated by participants’ self-assessments and by scores on independent measures of language proficiency. Cognitive control was assessed via complex sentence processing tests and via the Simon task, which tests the ability to respond to one type of visual stimulus (color) while suppressing attention to a competing visual stimulus (spatial orientation). Analyses of variance and multiple regressions were conducted to (1) compare the cognitive functioning of younger and older bilinguals, and (2) determine the predictive power of chronological age, age of onset of bilingualism, and language proficiency for efficiency of cognitive functioning among younger and middle-aged bilinguals.

Julius Menn discusses his family's flight eastward from advancing German troops invading Poland in September 1939. Julius's family escaped from Bialystok, Poland, to Vilna, Lithuania, eventually making their way through the Soviet Union to Palestine, where they had previously lived.