Podcasts about cgd

Pedro Fontes Falcão é o convidado de Conversas com CEO.O co-diretor do Executive MBA do ISCTE Executive Education refere que muita coisa mudou desde que os casos do BES e da PT expuseram problemas na governação, como, por exemplo, a existência de mais administradores não executivos e independentes, o que ajuda no escrutínio das decisões. No seu entender, ainda falta uma cultura de desafio, principalmente dos não executivos aos executivos, de questionar as decisões sem receio.Pedro Fontes Falcão relembra a difícil experiência como administrador não executivo da CGD, quando o então ministro das Finanças, Mário Centeno, quis substituir a administração. E fala do que mudou na governação das empresas desde a crise financeira, alertando que “não há proteção contra pessoas claramente desonestas e malformadas”.

Following the 2025 Development Leaders Conference, CGD's Rachel Glennerster speaks with BMZ's Dirk Meyer and SAIIA's Elizabeth Sidiropoulos about conference takeaways, including whether climate should be a focus for development agencies, how to get more bang for your climate-change buck, and how developing countries might prioritize between climate mitigation and adaptation. 

After a large share of USAID's work was terminated, a small cadre of development experts created Project Resource Optimization, or PRO, to identify highly cost-effective, life-saving programs that were on hold and connect them with philanthropic donors who could fill the gaps. CGD's Erin Collinson speaks with two PRO team members, Rob Rosenbaum and Caitlin Tulloch, about the origins and limits of the PRO initiative, its successes to date, and the lessons from the work that could help re-envision US foreign aid.  

Atualmente, a banca portuguesa é controlada a 80% apenas por cinco bancos. Já os grupos espanhóis controlam 30% do sector. A análise deste tema foi feita pela jornalista da secção de Economia do Expresso Isabel VicenteSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

CGD's Sanjeev Gupta and Benedict Clements of Universidad de Las Américas discuss the considerations that influence the design of sound monetary and fiscal policies, the role of income taxes, and the kinds of reforms that can bring equity to both emerging and advanced economies. 

Entre os quatro bancos que já apresentaram contas, o Montepio foi o único que registou um aumento do lucro no primeiro trimestre de 2025. A instituição financeira liderada por Pedro Leitão lucrou 34,2 milhões de euros, uma subida de quase 7% em termos homólogos. A análise deste tema foi feita pela jornalista da secção de Economia do Expresso Isabel Vicente. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Ahead of the African Development Bank's presidential election in May, CGD's Karen Mathiasen and AfriCatalyst's Daouda Sembene interview three of the candidates – Amadou Hott, Samuel Munzele Maimbo, and Bajabulile Swazi Tshabalala – on their priorities for the Bank and their views on how to help steer countries through a volatile and uncertain time and achieve their development goals.

O Líder do PS sugeriu parte dos lucros da CGD fossem utilizados para financiar a construção de casas. Análise de Helena Garrido.

CGD's Gyude Moore speaks with Hannah Ryder of Development Reimagined and Yunnan Chen of ODI Global about the evolution of China's relationship with Africa, the opportunities presented by FOCAC 9, and where the money should go to do the most good. 

A Caixa Geral de Depósitos foi a instituição financeira com o melhor resultado. No ano passado, lucrou mais de mil e setecentos milhões de euros, um novo recorde. A análise deste tema é feita pelo jornalista da secção de Economia do Expresso Diogo CavaleiroSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Mário Centeno, o governador do Banco de Portugal já tinha dito à Reuters que a compra do Novo Banco pela Caixa Geral de Depósitos poderia trazer consequências “sistémicas” para o sector. A análise deste tema foi feita pelo jornalista da secção de Economia do Expresso, Diogo CavaleiroSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Dalla limonata al battitoLa prima clip è un estratto di "Limonata cha cha cha" cantata da Giuni Russo (testo Giuni Russo, musica Maria Antonietta Sisini, etichetta CGD, 1984 all right reserved). La seconda è un estratto di "Battito" cantata da Fedez al Festival di Sanremo (autori Fedez, Abbate La Cava, Cripo, 2025 all rights reserved agli autori e alla Rai)

A Caixa Geral de Depósitos (CGD) vai comprar o Novobanco? Este foi o elefante na sala d'O Mistério das Finanças, que esta semana reuniu quatro jornalistas à mesa. Além de Pedro Santos Guerreiro e António Costa, participaram também Filipe Alves e Joana Petiz. O Banco de Fomento existe mesmo? e quais são os impactos das tarifas aduaneiras numa economia como a portuguesa? Foram os dois mistérios desta semana.

CGD's Kehinde Ajayi speaks with UNICEF's Ruth Graham-Goulder and CGAP's Rani Deshpande about the importance of including adolescent girls' perspectives to inform policy, of working across sectors to provide multi-issue solutions, and of developing financial and economic interventions that reflect adolescent girls' realities.

Intanto facciamo la crema di cremaL'immagine e le due clip iniziali sono tratte dal film "Gli Aristogatti" (produzione Walt Disney, 1970 all rights reserved). L'ultima clip è un breve estratto di "Sotto le stelle del jazz" scritta e cantata da Paolo Conte (etichetta CGD, 1984 all rights reserved)

Esta semana chegaram-nos duas avaliações da banca portuguesa: uma do próprio Banco de Portugal e outra do Banco Central Europeu. Ouça a análise do jornalista Diogo CavaleiroSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

CGD's Rachael Calleja speaks with Santiago Quiñones Cardenas of APC Colombia, a member of the Re-thinking Development Cooperation Working Group, about the value of multidirectional learning, the importance of creating inclusive spaces for engagement, and Santiago's advice for successful triangular cooperation. 

CGD's Eeshani Kandpal speaks with Twaweza founder Rakesh Rajani and the World Bank's Halsey Rogers about how Twaweza's learning assessments influenced the 2018 World Development Report on education. Together they shed light on how partnerships between international actors and local institutions can have outsize impact on policy worldwide.

Non avevo capito niente                                                                  La clip è "Un'estate al mare" cantata da Giuni Russo (testo Franco Battiato, musica Giusto Pio, etichetta CGD, 1982 all rights reserved)

In this podcast you'll meet my brother Noah Teicher, and my nephew Colton Teicher. I have two younger brothers, but my brother Noah (the middle child) has two boys who had a rare disease. And we talk about their journey from having a rare disease to being cured. Noah and Colton talk about their journey with the Children's Organ Transplant Association (COTA). Rick Lofgren has been the non profits president for more than two decades. Rick helps raise millions each year to support families with the cost for transplantation. In addition to all he does, Rick is married with kids of his own.I learned about Rick, from my brother.  My nephews Colton and Caden had a rare disease called Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD). CGD is passed down through the mother, only to sons, not daughters. CGD causes frequent and life-threatening infections because their immune system can't fight off certain harmful bacteria and fungi. My nephew's mother is the carrier. Women do are only carriers of the genetic disease, only boys have the genetic diesase. The great news: there is a cure. Both my nephews were cured. About my brother and nephew. Noah works for Abbott Laboratories as a district manager across several states and has three kids, and a stepson wife his wife Lisa. My nephew Colton is a Patient Care Coordinator at a specialty Pharmacy in Detroit. Colton is an advocate for his disease and the rare community.This is a reminder that it's good to share information because after my brother told me about COTA, I connected with Rick at COTA.  The Bonnell Foundation and COTA are now partners helping people who need funds for transplants, and all that it entails.Colton will be post transplant for three years on September 3rd, 2021Caden will be post transplant on December 16th, 2022To connect with Colton: coltonteicher@yahoo.comTo connect with Noah: noahteicher@yahoo.comFor information about COTA:  https://cota.org/get-started/   Please like, subscribe, and comment on our podcasts!Please consider making a donation: https://thebonnellfoundation.org/donate/The Bonnell Foundation website:https://thebonnellfoundation.orgEmail us at: thebonnellfoundation@gmail.com Thanks to our sponsors:Vertex: https://www.vrtx.comViatris: https://www.viatris.com/en

Atualmente, os Serviços Sociais da Caixa Geral de Depósitos contam com 16 mil sócios (trabalhadores e reformados), mas abrangem cerca de 47 mil utentes, tendo em conta que os familiares também estão abrangidos.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Following the UK general election, CGD's Ranil Dissanayake speaks with Stefan Dercon from the Blavatnik School of Government (and CGD) and Laura Chappell from the Institute for Public Policy Research about the unique challenges presented by today's development landscape, the key drivers of economic growth, and what the new UK government should prioritize. 

CGD's Liliana Rojas Suarez speaks with Paraguay's Minister of Finance Carlos Fernández Valdovinos about the keys to the country's growth, including the impact of recent reforms, aligning development policy with climate goals, and diversifying the economy.

De uma assentada, o Governo mudou sete ministérios dos locais tradicionais para a sede da CGD. O projeto já vinha do anterior Governo e foi agora acelerado e concluído pelo atual executivo.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Is Nigerian nurse emigration really a "win-win"? Critique of a CGD article, published by NickLaing on June 9, 2024 on The Effective Altruism Forum. I write to raise what I think is a fundamental flaw in a Center for Global Development (CGD) article about immigration.[1] I posted here only after receiving what I considered inadequate feedback from the authors over the last 3 months.[2] The major argument of the article "UK recruitment of nurses can be a win-win" is that the current situation where Nigeria exports an ever-increasing number of nurses to the UK could be good for both countries. For Nigeria, the benefits come through both the classic economic benefits of remittances, and stimulating increased nurse training in Nigeria to compensate for the losses of nurses. A Misleading Datapoint The central datapoint on which their argument rests seems misleading. The authors cite the number of nurses who leave Nigeria each year for the UK alone and claim that increased nurse training in Nigeria is enough to replace these nurses. "Between late 2021 and 2022, the number of successful national nursing exam candidates increased by 2,982 - that is, more than enough to replace those who had left for the UK." Technically, they are correct that the number trained replaces those who leave only for the UK, but they don't consider the majority of nurses who left to other countries. Emigration to the UK constitutes under 25% of the total nurse emigration from Nigeria. A more meaningful data point would have been the total number of nurses that leave Nigeria for all countries. Based on this Guardian article (and others), about 29,000 new nurses were registered in Nigeria over the last 3 years, while 42,000 left. The total number of nurses in Nigeria is reducing, not increasing as they claim. To express this situation graphically, the best graph to illustrate whether or not nurse Migration is a "Win-Win" for both Nigeria and England might have looked more like this (forgive the poor formatting!) Over the last 3 years Nigeria has lost a net 13,500 nurses. This is a loss of about 1% of their nurse workforce a year, while Nigeria needs an increase of around 2.5% nurses yearly just to keep up with population growth. This assumes that no nurses left or joined the Nigerian workforce for other reasons. Nurses may leave the Nigerian workforce due to retirement or for other work, while nurses could also be entering Nigeria from other countries to work - I doubt these adjustments would make a big difference to the overall analysis. Based on this data, it looks like England will win and Nigeria will lose. My main claim is that it is incorrect to claim a win-win scenario for two countries when emigration from Nigeria includes a majority of nurses leaving for many other countries - not just the UK. I'm very happy to be shown where I've gone wrong here and welcome any comments! An Author's response Privately, one of the authors briefly responded that their argument is based on the change in trainees and migrants over time. This still avoided my concern: you cannot look at migration outflows and inflows between two countries in a vacuum. The author also noted WHO data that shows a flat trend in the number of nurses per 1,000 people. I agree that tracking "nurses per capita" over time would be the best way to measure whether the nurse situation in Nigeria is improving or deteriorating. However the world bank data appears grossly inaccurate. Their "nurses per 1,000 population" number fluctuates implausibly between 1.75 per 1,000 in 2016, to almost half that 0.9 per 1,000 in 2018 then back up 1.5 per 1,000 the next year. Unless 100,000 nurses left Nigeria over 2 years then flooded back in the next year (not the case), the data is absurd and not to be trusted. The most proximate data we have to underst...

CGD's Gyude Moore speaks with Nick O'Donohoe from British International Investment and Frank Aswani from the African Venture Philanthropy Alliance about balancing local and international focus, the impact of a "funding winter," and how the public and private sectors can fill the financing gap for budding entrepreneurs across Africa.

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Suggestions for Individual Donors from Open Philanthropy Staff - 2023, published by Alexander Berger on December 20, 2023 on The Effective Altruism Forum. In past years, we sometimes published suggestions for individual donors looking for organizations to support. This post shares new suggestions from Open Philanthropy program staff who chose to provide them. Similar caveats to previous years apply: These are reasonably strong options in the relevant focus area, and shouldn't be taken as outright recommendations (i.e., it isn't necessarily the case that the person making a suggestion thinks that their suggestion is the best option available across all causes). The recommendations below fall within the cause areas Open Philanthropy has chosen to focus on. While this list does not expressly include GiveWell's top charities, we believe those organizations to be among the most cost-effective, evidence-backed giving opportunities available to donors today, and expect that some readers of this post might want to give to them. Many of these recommendations appear here because they are particularly good fits for individual donors. This shouldn't be seen as a list of our strongest grantees overall (although of course there may be overlap). Our explanations for why these are strong giving opportunities are very brief and informal, and we don't expect individuals to be persuaded by them unless they put a lot of weight on the judgment of the person making the suggestion. In addition, these recommendations are made by the individual program officers or teams cited, and do not necessarily represent my (Alexander's) personal or Open Philanthropy's institutional "all things considered" view. Global Health and Development 1Day Sooner Recommended by Chris Smith What is it? 1Day Sooner was originally created during 2020 to advocate for increased use of human challenge trials in Covid vaccines, and named on the basis that making vaccines available even one day sooner would be hugely beneficial. 1DS is now expanding its work to look at other diseases where challenge trials could be safe, such as hepatitis C, where Open Philanthropy separately has grants developing new vaccine candidates. Open Philanthropy has supported 1DS from both our GHW and GCR portfolios. Why I suggest it: Recently, 1DS have been working on accelerating the global rollout of vaccines beyond the increased use of challenge trials, such as their current campaign on R21. R21 is an effective malaria vaccine (developed in part by Open Philanthropy Program Officer Katharine Collins while she was at the Jenner Institute) recommended for use by WHO in October 2023 but with plans only to distribute fewer than 20 million doses in 2024, despite the manufacturer claiming the ability to make 100 million doses available. You can read an op-ed on this from Zacharia Kafuko, Africa Director of 1DS, in Foreign Policy. If 1DS can diversify its funding base and find more donors, they'd have the capacity to take on other projects that could accelerate vaccine development and distribution. I've been impressed with their work on both policy and advocacy, and I plan to support them myself this year. (Also, personally, I really enjoy supporting smaller organizations as a donor; I find that this helps me "feel" the difference more than if I'd donated to a large organization.) How to donate: You can donate here. Center for Global Development Recommended by Lauren Gilbert What is it? The Center for Global Development (CGD) is a Washington D.C.-based think tank. They conduct research on and promote evidence-based improvements to policies that affect the global poor. Why I suggest it: We've supported CGD for many years and have recommended it for individual donors in previous years. CGD has an impressive track record, and it continues to do impac...

CGD's Eeshani Kandpal speaks with the Interamerican Development Bank's Ana María Ibáñez about her recent report on women economists in Latin America, the reflection of cultural norms in education and the workplace, and the importance of role models and mentors in shaping expectations.

Ahmed Saeed of Allied Climate Partners and formerly the Asian Development Bank joins CGD's Karen Mathiasen and Clemence Landers for a conversation on his organization's new approach to blended finance, how to bridge the private and public sectors more effectively, and how to balance climate mitigation with traditional development goals. 

CGD's Masood Ahmed speaks with Development Leaders Conference cohosts Siti Nugraha Mauludiah from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Indonesia and Bård Vegar Solhjell of Norad about the differing experiences of traditional and emerging donors, the challenges of bridging gaps between sectors and priorities, and how the development community can share solutions more effectively.

Fresh off a bye week, Vince, Matt, and Pres Meyer return for "HATE WEEK." For the first half of the show, the guys dive into topics around football, including a few updates on Cards in the NFL, and some Halloween/Date Night discussions. Then, an in-depth look at the big matchup against #20 Duke, including advice from Presley's Medicine Doctor sister, WebMD, and Vince's guy on what to expect from Riley Leonard, and where things ultimately will shake out #BEATDUKEShoutout to the real athlete in the Lococo familyHalloween candy do's & don'tsCards in the Pros - Lamar dominates, TuTu steals a tuddy, Yaya grabs a fumbleWhere women say they don't want to go on a first date.. The boys have thoughtsMeet at the Five StarRe-examining Rece Davis' comments on CGD heading into PittsburghIs the CW cursed?Sign stealing - a former signaler's perspectiveDuke is what fast food restaurant?The tale of two Duke'sCan Louisville get Jaws back and the run game going?“Your sister, web MD, and my guy” give medical expertise on Riley LeonardWhere the concerns lie with Louisville going up against DukeWhy Duke may have JB thinking he's back in the Big TenBC/ND Jack Plummer coming back?The big benefit for LouisvilleJeff Brohm coming off bye weeks historicallyListen up! It's Matt's StatsA corner's impactDuke's big weaknessHow Louisville can set the toneTicket give away! A big thank you to everyone who entered. Congrats to Josh Burdick!Score predictions + spreadSUBSCRIBE, RATE, AND REVIEW OR DRINK RAW COFFEE & SPAR WITH VINCE LOCOCO Bet with State of Louisville Visit bit.ly/StateofLouisville to take advantage of all of our favorite promotions in one place from FanDuel, DraftKings, Bet365 and more! Gambling problem? Call 1-800-GAMBLER. 18+ (21+ select sportsbooks). Physically present in KY.Kern's KornerVisit Kern's Korner in The Highlands for the cities best burger & chili! Follow them on Facebook!https://www.facebook.com/kernskorner/

Only one woman born and raised in a low- or middle-income country has ever headed an international financial institution. CGD's Eeshani Kandpal speaks with Francisco Ferreira from the London School of Economics and Amie Batson from WomenLift Health about what effective mentorship and allyship can look like, the importance and impact of diversity in leadership, and the actions that organizations can take to better support the women and people of color who work there.

Breen caught the injury bug. Lloyd is playing Breen-ball ineffectively.  Spates is on a 13-0  heater and everyone is on board with a CGD sweep. Be afraid of  those pretty good hamstring injuries...  This is ENTERING MILFORD

Bjørn Lomborg, author of Best Things First, joins CGD's Gyude Moore to discuss the 12 "most efficient" policy solutions for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, how they were assessed and identified, and the tradeoffs they may require.

Maya Forstater (middle) and colleagues at the launch of the #RespectMySex campaign, 2022Since 2004, when trans activists first came after me, I and many others had fantasised about what it would be like to engage with them under the normal rules of public debate. The whole LGBTQQIA2Spirit+ Rainbow Community has been drip fed no debate by Stonewall for years, and I used to dream of a scenario where a group of us, five on each side, had been locked in a building and, becoming bored with the lack of Netflix or booze we ended up having the argument. It would be filmed of course, and subsequently leaked to the world. This kept me going during the bleak years where few spoke out about the danger of trans identified men invading single sex spaces. But suddenly, despite the odds, this wish came true, thanks to Maya challenging this crazy ideology in court.The debate, much to the chagrin of the blue fringe brigade, was aired during a three-week employment tribunal during which the Emperor appeared buck naked, his lady dick waving for all to see. Even the cute pink and blue trans flag could not cover his humiliation. In October 2018 Maya Forstater was employed as a consultant by the US-based non-profit Centre for Global Development (CGD). Some staff in the Washington DC office raised internal concerns about a number of her tweets, which they claimed were “transphobic.” An internal investigation followed, and weeks later, her contract as a consultant at CGD was ended, and subsequently, an offer to continue as a visiting fellow was withdrawn. Maya decided to sue CGD on the grounds of discrimination under the Equality Act 2010, but in November 2019, the Employment Tribunal ruled against her. They held that her “absolutist” beliefs, that trans women are NOT actual, literal women, and that sex and gender identity are not the same, are “not worthy of respect in a democratic society.”She appealed the judgement, and in June 2021 the decision was published. Maya had won and would be able to continue with a discrimination claim. A fresh tribunal was convened which was tasked with the job of deciding whether Maya's behaviour in the office amount to harassment of, or discrimination against, trans people, and whether she herself was discriminated against on the grounds of her beliefs. The rest is history. And earlier this year, Maya was awarded over £100.000 in compensation. Too bloody right. Here she is. Enjoy the chat. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit juliebindel.substack.com/subscribe

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Did Economists Really Get Africa's AIDS Epidemic "Analytically Wrong"? (A Reply), published by TomDrake on August 30, 2023 on The Effective Altruism Forum. To demonstrate CGD's cherished principle of not taking organisation positions, here is a response from a couple of us in the health team to our colleague Justin Sandefur's recent(ish) blog on cost-effectiveness evidence and PEPFAR. Our concern was that readers might come away from Justin's blog thinking that cost-effectiveness evidence wasn't useful in the original PEPFAR decision and wouldn't be useful in similar decisions about major global health initiatives. We disagree and wanted to make the case for cost-effectiveness as well as addressing some of Justin's specific points along the way. A recent, thought-provoking blog by our colleague, Justin Sandefur, titled "How Economists got Africa's AIDS Epidemic Wrong", has sparked a debate about the historical role of cost-effectiveness analysis in assessing the investments of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and, implicitly, the value of such analysis in making similar global health decisions. Justin tells the story of PEPFAR and concludes that economists that raised concerns over the cost-effectiveness of antiretroviral therapies got PEPFAR "analytically wrong", a conclusion that some readers may interpret as a reason to discard cost-effectiveness analysis for such decisions in the future. The original blog draws three lessons: Lesson #1. What persuaded the White House was evidence of feasibility and efficacy, not cost-effectiveness Lesson #2. The budget constraint wasn't fixed; PEPFAR unlocked new money Lesson #3. Prices also weren't fixed, and PEPFAR may have helped bring them down In this blog we argue that while Justin's observations hold some truth, they do not discredit the value of cost-effectiveness analysis in decision-making. Specifically, we contend that: Because there were many feasible and effective options at the time, this was not sufficient criteria for such a large decision. It should have considered the cost-effectiveness of other options, to explore the relative impact. PEPFAR may have unlocked some new money, but it wasn't all new money, and it will have had short- and long-term opportunity costs. Moreover we cannot be certain that PEPFAR was uniquely able to increase available funding. Thus the decision could have considered cost-effectiveness analysis to reveal likely trade-offs. Price reductions could have been analytically explored for PEPFAR and for alternative options as part of cost-effectiveness analysis during decision-making. The bigger lesson, we conclude, is that when the next PEPFAR-sized decision happens, our systems and their stakeholders must strive for higher standards, embracing analysis that models a range of good options and assesses them against key criteria. Cost-effectiveness analysis is a necessary component of this, but it is not sufficient, and additional analysis and scenarios should be considered through a deliberative process, before settling on a final decision. Below we offer reflections on each of Justin's three lessons, in order, then draw out the overall conclusions. Response 1: Feasibility and efficacy are not enough Justin uses an analogy of giving to a homeless person to invite the reader to agree that cost is not really the relevant issue when considering whether to do a good deed. True enough, if something can be considered not effective or not feasible then it's a non-starter and we don't need to trouble ourselves over cost or cost-effectiveness. But when there are multiple feasible and effective options with different levels of effectiveness and cost, understanding which does the most good for the money is absolutely worth knowing. Indeed we agree that there is a moral imperative to...

Stephanie von Friedeburg of Citi and formerly the International Finance Corporation joins CGD's Karen Mathiasen and Clemence Landers for a conversation on how to balance risk and impact in investment, why blended finance needs a rethink, and what mechanisms offer the most promising solutions to the development finance problem. 

The U.S. dollar's status as the global reserve currency is diminishing, which reduces the power that U.S. leaders have over the global economic system. In this episode, hear highlights from recent Congressional testimony during which financial elites examine the current status of the global financial system and what Congress is being told to do to address perceived threats to it (and to their own power). Please Support Congressional Dish – Quick Links Contribute monthly or a lump sum via PayPal Support Congressional Dish via Patreon (donations per episode) Send Zelle payments to: Donation@congressionaldish.com Send Venmo payments to: @Jennifer-Briney Send Cash App payments to: $CongressionalDish or Donation@congressionaldish.com Use your bank's online bill pay function to mail contributions to: 5753 Hwy 85 North, Number 4576, Crestview, FL 32536. Please make checks payable to Congressional Dish Thank you for supporting truly independent media! View the show notes on our website at https://congressionaldish.com/cd276-the-demise-of-dollar-dominance Background Sources Recommended Congressional Dish Episodes CD269: NDAA 2023/Plan Ecuador CD230: Pacific Deterrence Initiative CD195: Yemen CD187: Combating China CD102: The World Trade Organization: COOL? International Monetary Fund “IMF Financial Activities List 2023.” Updated June 21, 2023. International Monetary Fund. “Weekly Report on Key Financial Statistics.” June 9, 2023. International Monetary Fund. “IMF Lending.” Updated December 2022. International Monetary Fund. Argentina “Argentina: Letter of Intent, Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policies, and Technical Memorandum of Understanding” October 17, 2018. International Monetary Fund. “Argentina Policy Memorandum.” January 11, 1999. International Monetary Fund. Ecuador “Ecuador—Supplementary Letter of Intent.” March 13, 2003. International Monetary Fund. Smaller Banks within the World Trade System International Finance Corporation China “Members and Observers.” World Trade Organization. “ China and the WTO.” World Trade Organization. “From ‘China Shock' to deglobalisation shock: China's WTO accession and US economic engagement 20 years on.” Stephen Kirchner. January 24, 2022. United States Studies Centre. “The China Reckoning: How Beijing Defied American Expectations.” Kurt M. Campbell and Ely Ratner. February 13, 2018. Foreign Affairs. The World Bank “Who can borrow from the World Bank?” December 10, 2020. Bretton Woods Observer. “Domination of the United States on the World Bank.” Eric Toussaint. April 2, 2020. Committee for the Abolition of Illegitimate Debt. “Why Is the World Bank Still Lending to China?” Yukon Huang. January 15, 2020. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Congressional Stock Trade Tracking Quiver Quantitative Unusual Whales US Abuse of Sanctions “The Other Counteroffensive to Save Ukraine.” Lawrence Summers et. al. June 15, 2023. Foreign Affairs. Allies Pivoting “Europe must resist pressure to become ‘America's followers,' says Macron.” Jamil Anderlini and Clea Caulcutt. April 9, 2023. Politico. “US State Dept backs latest raft of Saudi, UAE, Jordan arms sales.” February 2, 2022. Al Jazeera. Witnesses Mark Rosen on Linkedin Daniel F. Runde on Linkedin “Membership Roster.” Accessed June 24, 2023. Council on Foreign Relations. Tyler Goodspeed on Linkedin Carla Norrlof - “Board of Directors.” Atlantic Council. Daniel McDowell bio Marshall Billingslea on Linkedin Audio Sources Dollar Dominance: Preserving the U.S. Dollar's Status as the Global Reserve Currency June 7, 2023 House Financial Services Committee Watch on YouTube Witnesses: Dr. Tyler Goodspeed, Kleinheinz Fellow, Hoover Institution at Stanford University Dr. Michael Faulkender, Dean's Professor of Finance, Robert H. Smith School of Business at University of Maryland Dr. Daniel McDowell, Associate Professor, Maxwell School of Citizenship & Public Affairs at Syracuse University Marshall Billingslea, Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute Dr. Carla Norrlöf, Senior Fellow, The Atlantic Council and Professor, University of Toronto Clips 34:05 Dr. Tyler Goodspeed: In 2022, as the Ranking Member highlighted, 88% of all foreign exchange transactions by value involved the United States Dollar, a figure that has been roughly constant since 1989, which is testament to the substantial path dependence in international currency usage due to large positive network externalities. As the Ranking Member also highlighted, 59% of all official foreign exchange reserves were held in US dollars, which is down from a figure of 71.5% in 2001. By comparison 31% of all foreign exchange transactions by value involve the Euro, which is the second most commonly transacted currency, which accounted for 20% of official foreign exchange reserves. 34:50 Dr. Tyler Goodspeed: The fact that 90% of all foreign exchange transactions continue to involve the United States dollar, and that global central banks continue to hold almost 60% of their foreign exchange reserves in US dollars confers net economic benefits on the United States economy. First, foreign demand for reserves of US dollars raises demand for dollar denominated securities, in particular United States Treasury's. This effectively lowers the cost of borrowing for US households, US companies, and federal, state and local governments. It also means that on average, the United States earns more on its investments in foreign assets than we have to pay on foreign investments in the United States, which allows the United States to import more goods and services than we export. Second, foreign demand for large reserves of US dollars and dollar denominated assets raises the value of the dollar and a stronger dollar benefits us consumers and businesses that are net importers of goods and services from abroad. Third, large reserve holdings of US currency abroad in effect constitutes an interest free loan to the United States worth about $10 to $20 billion per year. Fourth, the denomination of the majority of international transactions in US dollars likely modestly lowers the exchange rate risks faced by US companies. Fifth, the given the volume of foreign US dollar holdings and dollar denominated debt, monetary policy actions by foreign central banks generally have a smaller impact on financial conditions in the United States than actions by the United States Central Bank have on financial conditions in other countries. 36:40 Dr. Tyler Goodspeed: However, the benefits of the US dollar's global reserve status are not without costs. The lower interest rates in the United States benefit US borrowers, especially the federal government. They also lower returns to US savers. In addition, though a stronger dollar benefits US consumers and businesses that net import goods and services from abroad, it does also disadvantage US firms that export goods and services abroad as well as firms that compete against imported goods and services. Furthermore, the perception of the US dollar as a safe haven asset means that demand for the dollar tends to increase in response to adverse macroeconomic events that are global in nature. As a result, the competitiveness of US exporters and US firms that compete against imported goods and services are likely to face an increased competitive disadvantage at times of elevated global macroeconomic stress. 37:35 Dr. Tyler Goodspeed: However, despite these costs, studies generally find that the economic benefits of the dollar's prominent global status outweigh the costs, providing a modest net benefit to the United States economy. This does not include the substantial benefit to which the chairman referred of the United States dollar's centrality in global transactions, allowing the United States to utilize financial sanction tools when appropriate in support of national security objectives. 44:50 Dr. Daniel McDowell: With little more than the stroke of the President's pen or through an Act of Congress, the US government can use financial sanctions to impose enormous economic costs on targeted foreign actors, be they individuals, firms, or state institutions, by freezing their dollar assets or cutting them off from access to the banks through which those dollars flow. The consequences for individual targets, known as specially designated nationals or SDNs, are severe, significantly impairing targets capacity to participate in international trade, investment, debt repayment, and depriving them of access to their wealth. Over the last two decades, the United States has used the tool of financial sanctions with increasing frequency. For example, in the year 2000, just four foreign governments were directly targeted under a US Treasury Country Program overseen by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). Today that number is greater than 20, and if we include penalties from secondary sanctions the list gets even longer. The more that the United States has reached for financial sanctions, the more it has made adversaries and foreign capitals aware of the strategic vulnerability that stems from dependence on the dollar. Some governments have responded by implementing anti-dollar policies measures that are designed to reduce an economy's reliance on the US currency for investment in cross-border transactions. But these measures sometimes fail to achieve their goals. Others have produced modest levels of de-dollarization. Notable examples here include Russian steps to cut its dollar reserves and reduce the use of the dollar and trade settlement in the years leading up to its full scale invasion of Ukraine, or China's ongoing efforts to build its own international payments network based on the Yuan, efforts that have taken on a new sense of urgency as Beijing has become more aware of its own strategic vulnerabilities from Dollar dependence. 47:05 Dr. Daniel McDowell: The United States should reconsider the use of so-called symbolic financial sanctions. That is, if the main objective of a tranche of sanctions is to signal to the world or to a domestic audience that Washington disapproves of a foreign government's policy choices, other measures that can send a similar signal but do not politicize the dollar system ought to be considered first. Second, the use of financial sanctions against issuers of potential rival currencies in particular, China and its Yuan should face a higher bar of scrutiny. Even a small targeted sanctions program provides information to our adversaries about their vulnerabilities, and gives them time to prepare for a future event when a broad US sanctions program may be called upon as part of a major security crisis, when such measures will be most needed. Finally, whenever possible, US financial sanctions should be coordinated with our allies in Europe and Asia, who should feel as if they are key stakeholders in the dollar system and not vassals to it. Such coordinated efforts will prevent our friends from seeking to conduct business with U.S. adversaries outside of the dollar system and send a message to the whole world that moving activities into secondary currencies, like the Euro or the Yen, is not a safe haven. 48:35 Marshall Billingslea: I'll say at the outset that I agree with you and others that to paraphrase Mark Twain, reports of the dollar's demise have been greatly exaggerated. That said, we need to remind ourselves that in the 16th century the Spanish silver dollar was the dominant currency, in the 17th century it was Dutch florins, in the 18th century it was the pound sterling. The link between a nation's currency and its role as the relatively dominant political actor on the world stage is pretty clear. And that is why people like Lula from Brazil, Putin and Xi all aspire to undercut the role of the dollar as the global reserve currency. 50:00 Marshall Billingslea: If we look at what Russia did in the run-up to its further invasion of Ukraine, they began dumping ownership of treasury bonds in 2018. In that year, they plummeted from $96 billion and holdings down to $15 billion and they also started buying large amounts of gold. China is now, as the Ranking Member has observed, embarking on its own its own gold buying spree. I haven't seen the data for May, but April marked the sixth straight month of Chinese expansion in its gold holdings, and I'm not sure I believe the official figures. We have to recall that China is the dominant gold mining player around the world and half of those gold mining companies are state-owned. So the actual size of China's war chest when it comes to gold reserves may be far higher. In fact, I suspect inevitably far higher than official numbers suggest. Last year China also started dumping its treasuries. 2022 marked the largest or second largest decrease on record, with a drop of about $174 billion, and China stood at the lowest level since 2010. In terms of its holdings, though, this past March they did reverse course. This bears close watching because a sell-off may be a strong indicator of planned aggression. 51:20 Marshall Billingslea: The sheer size of the Chinese economy dwarfs what we've been contending with in the form of Iran, Russia, and so on. And one of the first things that the Biden administration did in the wake of Russia's attack was start sanctioning Russian banks and de-SWIFTing them. That's one thing when you're going after an economy smaller than the size of Texas; it's quite another when you consider that out of the 100 largest banks in the world, China has 20, and all four of the top four are Chinese banks. And that is why many within the Treasury contended when I was there, and they will contend to this day, that these Chinese banks are simply too big to sanction. I don't agree that we can allow that to stand but I do believe we have to start taking very swift action to put us in a situation where we could take punitive measures on these banks if necessary. 54:10 Dr. Carla Norrlöf: I will note that the Dollar's dominance is not quite as strong amongst private actors and private markets as it is with governments. In private transactions, it averages about 45% of the world's total. That includes FX transactions, but also things like issuance of international debt, securities, and cross-border banking. 54:55 Dr. Carla Norrlöf: The Chinese Yuan poses no immediate threat to dollar dominance. It accounts for roughly 3% of overall reserves. So far China has been successful in promoting the Yuan with its trade partners, but the Yuan is scarcely used by countries outside trade with China. China is a potential long term challenger due to its active pursuit of trade and investment relationships. If the Yuan is increasingly used by third countries, it will pose a greater threat to the dollar. 55:30 Dr. Carla Norrlöf: And in addition to these external threats, there is also a domestic threat. Flirting with the possibility of a voluntary default puts dollar dominance at risk. What should the US do to maintain dominance, to curb the domestic threat? Congress should consider creating an alternative mechanism for resolving political differences on government spending and its consequences. 56:00 Dr. Carla Norrlöf: To rein in external threats the United States should, whenever possible, implement multilateral sanctions in support of broadly endorsed goals to shore up the liberal international order. This is likely to limit dollar backlash. 59:40 Marshall Billingslea: The thing I do worry -- I come back to this fact that they've been buying a lot of gold -- that one of the things that they could do, which would be very concerning, if they wind up having larger reserves of gold than we believe, is they could start issuing Yuan or gold denominated, gold-backed Yuan contracts and that would further their ambition for introducing the Yuan onto the world stage. 1:05:00 Marshall Billingslea: China considers the actual composition of its foreign exchange reserves to be a state secret. So they don't publish and they they view it as a criminal offense to try to obtain that information in terms of the balance of how much is gold, how much Dollar or Euro denominated. But the numbers I've seen suggest that still at this moment, about 50% to 60% of their Foreign Exchange reserves are still in Dollars or Euros, which means that they are at high risk of sanctions; we can affect them. The problem is that that war chest that they've built up is enormous. It's more than $3 trillion that they have in Foreign Exchange reserves. Compare that with what Russia had at the onset of its assault, which was around $680 billion, of which we managed to freeze overseas half of it, but Russia is still keeping its economy going despite the Biden administration sanctions. So imagine how they're going to be able to continue with that sizable war kitty in Beijing if they do decide to go after the Taiwanese. 1:09:00 Dr. Tyler Goodspeed: Short term I think the risk is that we continue to see diversification away from the dollar, PRC continuing to push other countries to use trade inverse invoicing and Renminbi, that they continue to promote the offshore Renminbi market, that they continue to promote or force bilateral clearing. Longer term, I think the bigger risk is that foreign investors no longer perceive the United States federal government debt to be as safe and risk free as it is today perceived. 1:41:20 Dr. Daniel McDowell: The demonstration of US control over the actual flow of dollars, of communication, absolutely provides information to adversaries to prepare for events where they may face similar circumstances. And so I think what we're seeing is China, we're seeing Russia, we're seeing other countries try to create alternative payments networks. Russia has its own SPFS payment messaging system. It's quite small. It was launched in 2014, not coincidentally, after the initial round of sanctions targeting Russia. In terms of CIPS, China's cross border payments network, Belarus announced it was having banks join immediately following the 2022 sanctions. So what I'm saying is there's a pattern between when the United States mobilizes control over the pipes and the messaging of cross-border payments and adversaries looking for alternatives. It doesn't mean they're using them, but they're getting plugged into the system as at least sort of a rainy day option in the event of a future targeting. 1:45:35 Dr. Daniel McDowell: I look at China not just as a typical country, because I think they're an alternative service provider. Most countries fall into alternative service users; they're looking for an alternative to the dollar. China, you could perhaps put Europe in this as well, are the only two sort of economic BLOCs capable, I think, of constructing an attractive enough cross-border payments network that could attract those alternative service users that are looking for that network. And so that's why I think again, with China, there should be a higher bar of scrutiny. 2:02:20 Dr. Tyler Goodspeed: As deficits mount and as the debt burden rises above 100%, I think the Congressional Budget Office has it ending the budget window at about 119% of our economy, then we will probably observe an acceleration of diversification away from the dollar as a hedge. Again, I don't see another single currency displacing the dollar as the major international currency or as the major reserve currency, but continued diversification. International Financial Institutions in an Era of Great Power Competition May 25, 2023 House Financial Services Committee Watch on YouTube Witnesses: Jesse M. Schreger, Associate Professor of Business, Columbia Business School Mark Rosen, Partner, Advection Growth Capital and former Acting Executive Director, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Daniel F. Runde, Senior Vice President, Center for Strategic & International Studies(CSIS) Rich Powell, Chief Executive Officer, ClearPath & ClearPath Action Daouda Sembene, Distinguished Nonresident Fellow, CGD and CEO, AfriCatalyst Clips 39:55 Mark Rosen: The IMF is the global lender of last resort to countries that are in economic distress. IMF borrowers usually have a balance of payments problem, are running out of foreign exchange reserves, and so cannot meet their obligations. The IMF negotiates a set of economic policies with the borrower in government to alleviate the crisis, and, conditional on the government implementing the agreed policies, provides a loan in tranches, normally over a three year period. 41:00 Mark Rosen: The biggest challenge the IMF faces today is China which, as we've heard, has lent vast sums to emerging market and low income countries in a non-transparent and irresponsible manner. Many IMF members are now struggling to repay China. 42:05 Mark Rosen: The United States is the largest shareholder in the IMF and has veto power over certain key decisions and it's critical that the US continues to maintain its ownership of more than 15% which enables it to have this veto power. 42:20 Mark Rosen: China for some time, has been pressing for an increased quota share at the IMF. However, given its irresponsible lending, and then willingness to provide debt relief to developing countries, this is not the time to reward China with increased ownership at the Fund. Two other issues I'd like to focus on are anti-corruption and the catalytic role of the private sector in the work of the IMF. Corruption is a severe problem for many emerging market countries, which do not have strong institutions that can confront and root out corruption. The IMF is certainly doing a much better job than it did historically on anti-corruption, but I believe it's critical that it continues to make anti corruption laws and policies front and center in the conditions of its lending programs, as well as a focus of its technical assistance. Only by reducing corruption will many of these countries be able to attract the vast amount of private sector investment which is potentially available and remains the ultimate key to reducing poverty. Establishing a rule of law, including laws to protect private property is key to unlocking this investment. And it should be a focus of the IMF and World Bank to encourage these countries to improve the rule of law and to fight corruption. If they do that, emerging market countries can attract private capital and grow rapidly as many countries that have followed that path have already done so successfully. 44:45 Daniel Runde: Multilateral development banks, MDBs, under US and Western leadership are one way that we can respond with something. The United States built and strengthened the MDB system. MDBs provide money, advice, data and convening power to help developing countries solve problems. If the US exerts its influence over these institutions, they are forced multipliers of a US-led global system. If we disregard our leadership role, then other actors, including China, can exert influence over them. The World Bank Group is a series of institutions: it lends money to national governments, it has a private sector arm, and has an insurance arm. There are a series of other regional development bank's including the InterAmerican Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank -- Taiwan is a member of the Asian Development Bank -- the African Development Bank and the EBRD, the European Bank for Reconstruction Development Bank, focused mainly on countries that used to be behind the Iron Curtain. The United States has been instrumental in creating the majority of these institutions and remains the largest, or one of the largest, shareholders of every afformentioned MDB. Since the founding of these institutions, the US has used its shareholding power to shape the policies and activities of MDBs in indirect support of American foreign policy. 47:10 Daniel Runde: What role does China play in the MDBs? They're a shareholder. China continues to borrow from the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank. That is crazy. That needs to stop. China is a shareholder. Also, Chinese firms can bid on MDB projects. China wins a lot of in terms of dollar value, a lot of the dollar value of World Bank contracts. Something to take a look at. 47:35 Daniel Runde: How does the Belt and Road figure into the MDBs? You all have heard of the Belt and Road. Infrastructure is now a strategic issue. China's Belt and Road Initiative is a combination of construction and financing projects for roads, airports, and energy around the world. Unfortunately for us, BRI is an ambitious project that speaks to the hopes of China's friends and potential friends. To counter the BRI, the US needs a positive alternative that says more than, "Don't work with China." Right? That's not a strategy. We've got to have an alternative. 1:12:50 Rep. Andy Barr (R-KY): How do we end China's eligibility to borrow from the World Bank? Daniel Runde: The Asian Development Bank has said they're going to end their eligibility by 2025. We should absolutely hold them to that. There is a temptation for the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank to continue to loan for a couple of reasons. One is they say, "Well, this is a window into how we can understand China better." There's lots of other ways to understand China better. And or this is a way for us to -- for a bunch of lending reasons that they do it. You all have the power of the purse, you have an ability, I think you should have blunted conversations with the administration about this. I suspect it's an open door, but it's going to require, I think, some pushing from Congress. I would encourage this committee to push the administration on ending lending to China. 1:14:30 Jesse Schreger: So fundamentally right now, the Renminbi is not yet positioned to compete with the US dollar for a number of reasons. First and foremost, the reason that the dollar plays the role it does in the international financial system is it provides the global safe asset. You're confident, except for the upcoming debt ceiling, that you will always be paid back if you own US dollars. That's fundamentally what you know. When you contemplate investing in China and holding Chinese Renminbi as reserves, you're not necessarily sure that you're gonna be able to turn that piece of paper into the goods and services that you need or intervening in FX markets. 1:21:15 Jesse Schreger: First and foremost, what China is trying to do is essentially convince countries around the world that the Renminbi is an alternative asset to invoice your trade and to invest in. And so on the investment side, they've been working very hard to actually allow in foreign capital, encouraging foreign central banks to hold Renminbi denominated bonds as their reserves. And on the trade side, they're encouraging firms to invoice, basically price their goods, in Renminbi. There's a few areas in which they've had challenges there. So first, we actually don't know who are holding most of these Renminbi denominated assets. What you can see is after the US sanctioned Russia back in 2014, it was the Russian Central Bank that effectively announced they were moving out of US dollar denominated assets and into Renminbi, so they did that publicly. And so China has effectively been trying to attract foreign capital of that form and a lot of the reasons for that is that China finds itself vulnerable in the dollar-based financial system. And so what I would say the fundamental area in which the United States can assure the dominance of the dollar is making everyone understand that US Treasuries are the world's safe asset that there is no state of the world in which the United States can or will default. 2:03:25 Jesse Schreger: I think the real way in which people start being able to issue and borrow in Renminbi is when people start thinking in terms of the goods that they need to buy and consume are in Renminbi. Fundamentally, most countries around the world, if they issue a bond in Renminbi, the calculation they have to do is then "okay, I'm going to take my renminbi and convert it into US dollars to buy the thing in which I need." And so while actions in the US financial system are certainly going to affect other countries decisions to borrow in Renminbi, the kind of underlying challenges in Chinese financial markets and fundamentally the lack of goods priced and sold in Renminbi are going to continue to hold back kind of a growth of this market for a while. And in particular, the fact that many countries are reluctant to try to raise money inside of China's liquid onshore capital markets for, effectively, fear of capital controls. If you've raised renminbi in China, you can't get that out and to your projects the way you can if you raise money in the US in dollars. 2:14:55 Daniel Runde: The business model of the World Bank is they lend money to richer countries with a pretty good credit rating and then they cross subsidize that by lending to poor countries with a poor credit rating. My view is, China can finance its own development, we should stop this practice. I think the Asian Development Bank has sort of gotten the memo, but the World Bank has not fully gotten the memo and they'll give you kind of World Bank-y answers to this sort of thing. We got to stop it. Rep. Zach Nunn (R-IA): Mr. Runde, I could not agree with you more. And you highlighted earlier, you know, by 2025, China should graduate from this program. I'd offer that 25 is two years too late. We can start funneling them off that now. Daniel Runde: I agree, sir. Rep. Zach Nunn (R-IA): I think you're in the right spot. Thank you. Music Tired of Being Lied To by David Ippolito (found on Music Alley by mevio) Editing Pro Podcast Solutions Production Assistance Clare Kuntz Balcer Cover photo Eric Prouzet on Unsplash

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Beyond Cost-Effectiveness: Insights for Effective Altruism from Health Economics, published by TomDrake on June 1, 2023 on The Effective Altruism Forum. Hi Everyone - partly inspired by attending the recent EA Global London conference a couple of weeks ago, I've written a CGD Blog with some thoughts on EA's approach to prioritisation and methods in health economics (specifically Health Technology Assessment). This is a link post and as CGD staff I have to post on our platform, but since the key target audience is EAs, I'd be delighted to hear thoughts from this community. I'll be sure to monitor the comments section and perhaps the discussion will feed into future work. The differences between EA and health econ I highlight include:1. Approaches generalising cost-effectiveness evidence 2. Going beyond cost-effectiveness in determining value3. Deliberative appraisal4. Institutionalisation of a participatory process Please click through for the full blog. Thanks for listening. To help us out with The Nonlinear Library or to learn more, please visit nonlinear.org

OK, real talk. I have taken a bit of heat over the years for trying to make a business case for empathy. When some folks saw my TEDx talk about how to trick leaders into being empathetic by showing them the benefits to the bottom line, they bristled. "How can you convince people to embrace empathy for selfish reasons?! That's not compassionate at all,' they said. My perspective has been and will always be that to persuade people to take action, you need to make a case for what's in it for them to change. It's basic human nature. And if it gets them there, they can be transformed from the outside in - and we all benefit.That's exactly what Andrea Feigl is trying to do. She is making the business case for the private sector to partner with public entities and invest in healthcare. When they do, they cut costs, improve performance - and grow the economy. Andrea calls this a blended finance model and it's working. Today, we discuss what blended finance is, what role empathy plays in health impact measurement, and why financing healthcare matters in the impact and finance spaces. We talk about how to measure the impact of healthcare access on companies and the economy, and essentially, how to make the investment case for health, as evidenced recently in blended finance partnerships helping to find and distribute vaccines for COVID. To access the episode transcript, please click on the episode title at www.TheEmpathyEdge.comKey Takeaways:Blended finance means that you leverage public or philanthropic resources to de-risk investments in healthcare by the private sector. It allows for proper investment and accelerated spending and production of whatever you are trying to produce. While many recognize health as a right (not as a privilege), in the private sector, this is not always the belief and it needs to be communicated in language that aligns with the values of the company or investors can understand and relate to. Putting a $1 value on a health state is not an exact science like measuring a cubic meter of carbon emission. It's informed by our value system. And because it's informed by our value systems, reasonable people will disagree on what that value should be. "We see that there is value in caring - not just caring about health for health sake, even though that is important - there's value for the economy in caring and investing in health appropriately." —  Andrea Feigl About Andrea Feigl, CEO, Health Finance InstituteAndrea Feigl, Ph.D. MPH, envisions a world with less suffering from preventable diseases, where every person can live their life with full dignity and reach their fullest potential.Andrea is the founder & CEO of Health Finance Institute and an adjunct professor at Georgetown University who brings passion and ambition to her work in global health policy, financing, and governance. Outside of her work in healthcare, Andrea is trained as a ballet dancer and holds an international teaching certificate in classical ballet.Andrea writes and speaks publicly in order to close the knowledge and implementation gap when it comes to global healthcare, especially related to non communicable diseases. She has published reports and papers for Health Policy, the WHO Bulletin, the CUGH Global Health Project of the Year, the Center for Global Development, and WEF/Harvard. Andrea is recognized as the innovator of the Evidenced Formal Coverage Index metric for universal healthcare coverage. A native of Austria, Andrea received her Ph.D. in global health from Harvard University, her MPH and BSc (First Class Honors) with a full scholarship from Simon Fraser University in Canada, and her IB from Red Cross Nordic United World College in Norway.When she is not speaking, dancing, or traveling, Andrea enjoys playing the piano, skiing, and spending time with her son at their home in Washington, D.C.Connect with Andrea Feigl:Health Finance Institute: https://healthfinanceinstitute.orgTwitter: https://twitter.com/dr_feiglLinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/andreafeigl1The Health Impact Credit Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/episode/69apWnX6QlVOC9zqmGYAFqAn article on Blended Financehttps://www.re-solveglobalhealth.com/post/blending-resources-to-fund-the-ncd-fight-in-lmics?utm_campaign=e47f87f0-4d28-449f-af43-0054e0a74dbc&utm_source=so&utm_medium=mail&cid=75998525-dc6b-407c-9277-a09e873826f5 The CGD event on assistive technologies: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQ71XTY7A6ILast year Skoll Open Forum – recording on solidarity: https://vimeo.com/700668875  Don't forget to download your free guide! Discover The 5 Business Benefits of Empathy: http://red-slice.com/business-benefits-empathy Connect with Maria: Get the podcast and book: TheEmpathyEdge.comLearn more about Maria and her work: Red-Slice.comHire Maria to speak at your next event: Red-Slice.com/Speaker-Maria-RossTake my LinkedIn Learning Course! Leading with EmpathyLinkedIn: Maria RossInstagram: @redslicemariaTwitter: @redsliceFacebook: Red Slice

OK, real talk. I have taken a bit of heat over the years for trying to make a business case for empathy. When some folks saw my TEDx talk about how to trick leaders into being empathetic by showing them the benefits to the bottom line, they bristled. "How can you convince people to embrace empathy for selfish reasons?! That's not compassionate at all,' they said. My perspective has been and will always be that to persuade people to take action, you need to make a case for what's in it for them to change. It's basic human nature. And if it gets them there, they can be transformed from the outside in - and we all benefit.That's exactly what Andrea Feigl is trying to do. She is making the business case for the private sector to partner with public entities and invest in healthcare. When they do, they cut costs, improve performance - and grow the economy. Andrea calls this a blended finance model and it's working. Today, we discuss what blended finance is, what role empathy plays in health impact measurement, and why financing healthcare matters in the impact and finance spaces. We talk about how to measure the impact of healthcare access on companies and the economy, and essentially, how to make the investment case for health, as evidenced recently in blended finance partnerships helping to find and distribute vaccines for COVID. To access the episode transcript, please click on the episode title at www.TheEmpathyEdge.comKey Takeaways:Blended finance means that you leverage public or philanthropic resources to de-risk investments in healthcare by the private sector. It allows for proper investment and accelerated spending and production of whatever you are trying to produce. While many recognize health as a right (not as a privilege), in the private sector, this is not always the belief and it needs to be communicated in language that aligns with the values of the company or investors can understand and relate to. Putting a $1 value on a health state is not an exact science like measuring a cubic meter of carbon emission. It's informed by our value system. And because it's informed by our value systems, reasonable people will disagree on what that value should be. "We see that there is value in caring - not just caring about health for health sake, even though that is important - there's value for the economy in caring and investing in health appropriately." —  Andrea Feigl About Andrea Feigl, CEO, Health Finance InstituteAndrea Feigl, Ph.D. MPH, envisions a world with less suffering from preventable diseases, where every person can live their life with full dignity and reach their fullest potential.Andrea is the founder & CEO of Health Finance Institute and an adjunct professor at Georgetown University who brings passion and ambition to her work in global health policy, financing, and governance. Outside of her work in healthcare, Andrea is trained as a ballet dancer and holds an international teaching certificate in classical ballet.Andrea writes and speaks publicly in order to close the knowledge and implementation gap when it comes to global healthcare, especially related to non communicable diseases. She has published reports and papers for Health Policy, the WHO Bulletin, the CUGH Global Health Project of the Year, the Center for Global Development, and WEF/Harvard. Andrea is recognized as the innovator of the Evidenced Formal Coverage Index metric for universal healthcare coverage. A native of Austria, Andrea received her Ph.D. in global health from Harvard University, her MPH and BSc (First Class Honors) with a full scholarship from Simon Fraser University in Canada, and her IB from Red Cross Nordic United World College in Norway.When she is not speaking, dancing, or traveling, Andrea enjoys playing the piano, skiing, and spending time with her son at their home in Washington, D.C.Connect with Andrea Feigl:Health Finance Institute: https://healthfinanceinstitute.orgTwitter: https://twitter.com/dr_feiglLinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/andreafeigl1The Health Impact Credit Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/episode/69apWnX6QlVOC9zqmGYAFqAn article on Blended Financehttps://www.re-solveglobalhealth.com/post/blending-resources-to-fund-the-ncd-fight-in-lmics?utm_campaign=e47f87f0-4d28-449f-af43-0054e0a74dbc&utm_source=so&utm_medium=mail&cid=75998525-dc6b-407c-9277-a09e873826f5 The CGD event on assistive technologies: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQ71XTY7A6ILast year Skoll Open Forum – recording on solidarity: https://vimeo.com/700668875  Don't forget to download your free guide! Discover The 5 Business Benefits of Empathy: http://red-slice.com/business-benefits-empathy Connect with Maria: Get the podcast and book: TheEmpathyEdge.comLearn more about Maria and her work: Red-Slice.comHire Maria to speak at your next event: Red-Slice.com/Speaker-Maria-RossTake my LinkedIn Learning Course! Leading with EmpathyLinkedIn: Maria RossInstagram: @redslicemariaTwitter: @redsliceFacebook: Red Slice

Transcript: https://primaryimmune.org/sites/default/files/TRANSCRIPT%20--%20Undiagnosed%20Episode%202.pdf A cut on the roof of your mouth. A step in a shallow puddle during a game of backyard football. Potting soil beneath your fingernails. Occurrences like these are, at worst, minor inconveniences for most of the world. However, they can lead to weeks or months of agony for some. This reality is made even harsher for someone who finds profound joy in the simplicity of growing flowers from tilled earth. Someone like Shane – who has to take extreme caution when performing the most calming of hobbies. Before being diagnosed with chronic granulomatosis disease, or CGD, Shane suffered intense, frequent infections that left him hospitalized for weeks at a time, and with a reluctant dependence on opioids. This is his story. Undiagnosed is an Immune Deficiency Foundation production. Your support of IDF helps to ensure that people like Shane get the resources, education, and community support they need to live healthier, happier lives. To learn more about PI, to volunteer, or to donate, visit primaryimmune.org/donate. The information, terminology, and opinions presented in this forum do not necessarily reflect the views of IDF, its Board of Trustees, sponsors, or donors.

Returning Guest Linde Carter MA, RN, NC-BC, CEOLD, CGD, talks about types of grief and her grief coaching business.  Linde and Simplicity Transitions can be found at: Website: www.simplicitytransitions.com Email: support@simplicitytranstions.com Growing Through Grief Facebook group: http://www.facebook.com/groups/sncgrowingthroughgrief/ Instagram: lindecarter   Marie's Contact: feedback@hospiceexplained.com www.hospiceexplained.com http://buymeacoffee.com/hospice Marie@hospiceencounters.com Leave a Voicemail: 206-705-3080

To kick off Season 2 of Lagos to Mombasa, Gyude reflects on the intricacies of climate change and development in Africa and explores how space-based technologies can help. Temidayo Oniosun of Space in Africa and Rose Croshier from CGD join Gyude to discuss the intersections of space technology with extreme weather events, agriculture and food security, and regional capacity and preparedness.

On February 25, Africa's most populous nation heads to the polls to vote for a new president in what is shaping up to be a hotly contested race. Nigeria has one of the fastest growing populations globally, one that could surpass the United States by 2050. And it's a young country—75% of registered voters are under 50 years old. The candidates, Bola Ahmed Tinubu of the All Progressives Congress (APC), Atiku Abubakar of the People's Democratic Party (PDP), and Peter Obi from the Labour Party are all vying to replace the outgoing President Muhammadu Buhari. To help you better understand the Nigerian election and what's at stake, GZERO is handing over this podcast feed today to Amaka Anku, Head of Eurasia Group's Africa practice. She brings us a conversation from the The Center for Global Development podcast moderated by CGD's Senior Policy Fellow Gyude Moore. GZERO Media will also bring you updates on the election results and what they mean for Nigeria's future. Check us out at gzeromedia.com.

When Nigerian voters head to the polls on Saturday to elect the country's next president, all of Africa—and beyond—will be watching. CGD's Gyude Moore sits down with Amaka Anku, head of the Eurasia Group's Africa practice, to discuss the advantages and challenges of the leading candidates, the role of Nigeria's substantial youth population, and what this election might mean not just for Nigeria and for Africa but for democracy itself.

On February 25, Africa's most populous nation heads to the polls to vote for a new president in what is shaping up to be a hotly contested race. Nigeria has one of the fastest growing populations globally, one that could surpass the United States by 2050. And it's a young country—75% of registered voters are under 50 years old. The candidates, Bola Ahmed Tinubu of the All Progressives Congress (APC), Atiku Abubakar of the People's Democratic Party (PDP), and Peter Obi from the Labour Party are all vying to replace the outgoing President Muhammadu Buhari. To help you better understand the Nigerian election and what's at stake, GZERO is handing over this podcast feed today to Amaka Anku, Head of Eurasia Group's Africa practice. She brings us a conversation from the The Center for Global Development podcast moderated by CGD's Senior Policy Fellow Gyude Moore. GZERO Media will also bring you updates on the election results and what they mean for Nigeria's future. Check us out at gzeromedia.com. Subscribe to the GZERO World with Ian Bremmer Podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or your preferred podcast platform, to receive new episodes as soon as they're published.

In this bonus episode of Lagos to Mombasa, Gyude invites two experts who were on the ground in Sharm El Sheikh for COP27—the UN's annual conference on climate—to report back with their observations and takeaways: Faten Aggad of the African Climate Foundation and Ian Mitchell of CGD. Together they discuss the trajectory of climate finance across Africa, including loss and damage payments to most-affected countries; the complexities of accounting for emissions and consumption levels; and what the next steps might look like for African policymakers and activists.

Interview with Linde Carter, MA, RN, NC-BC, CEOLD, CGD. In this interview we discuss all about what a death doula does and how to become a death doula. Linde and Simplicity Transitions can be found at: Website: www.simplicitytransitions.com Email: info@simplicitytranstions.com Growing Through Grief Facebook group: http://www.facebook.com/groups/sncgrowingthroughgrief/ Instagram: lindecarter   https://www.nedalliance.org/ https://thenursecoaches.com/ https://inursecoach.com/ https://www.consciousdyinginstitute.com/   https://www.amazon.com/Its-That-Youre-Not-Understand/dp/1622039076 https://www.amazon.com/How-Carry-What-Cant-Fixed/dp/1683643704 https://www.amazon.com/Grief-Grieving-Finding-Meaning-Through/dp/1476775559/ref=sr_1_4?crid=1NXL6SHCDRT1S&keywords=david+kessler&qid=1668629968&s=books&sprefix=david+kessler%2Cstripbooks%2C142&sr=1-4 https://www.amazon.com/Re-Imagining-End-Life-Self-Development-Reflective/dp/1798285398   Marie's Contact: feedback@hospiceexplained.com www.hospiceexplained.com http://buymeacoffee.com/hospice Marie@hospiceencounters.com Leave a Voicemail: 206-705-3080

CGD's Masood Ahmed speaks with Rémy Rioux of Agence Française de Développement about the fifth annual Development Leaders Conference, the perfect storm of crises facing development agencies, and how new ways of thinking and financing can help them achieve their goals.