Podcast appearances and mentions of Daina Ramey Berry

Discover the powerful stories and pivotal moments in Black women's history with our distinguished guests, Dr. Daina Ramey-Berry  and Dr. Kali Nicole Ross. Together, we unveil the intricate journey behind their groundbreaking book, which seeks to redefine contemporary Black women's history. From the inspiration sparked by a Rutgers workshop to the inclusion of iconic figures like Harriet Tubman and Rosa Parks, we highlight how the authors have woven a tapestry of narratives that celebrate both well-known and unsung heroines. Listen as we explore the profound impact of this work on today's cultural landscape.Journey with us into the often-overlooked narratives of Black LGBTQ women and the courageous acts that have shaped history. We delve into the trials and triumphs of Frances Thompson and athlete Alice Coachman, whose contributions to history transcend time, breaking barriers and setting the stage for future generations. Our discussion underscores the ongoing need for inclusivity and representation, exploring the cultural bridges between African American descendants of slaves and African immigrants. Through the power of education and storytelling, we emphasize the importance of unity and understanding in building a more inclusive historical narrative.Finally, we tackle the ever-present issue of racism and white supremacy in America, using events like the 2017 Charlottesville rally as a lens to examine the deep-seated challenges that remain. Our conversation calls for accountability, examining the pressing need for reform in the criminal justice system. We explore the emotional journey of writing this significant work, touching on the haunting legacy of Emmett Till and the necessity of self-care for those who write history's weighty chapters. Join us as we discuss plans for the future, including the development of resources that ensure Black women's history remains an integral part of our collective consciousness.Support the showhttps://www.patreon.com/c/EA_BookClub

Join us for a thought-provoking discussion on "A Black Woman's History of the United States," where authors Dr. Kali Nicole Gross and Dr. Daina Ramey Berry share their insights on the profound impact of Black women throughout American history. This virtual author talk, recorded during the pandemic in April 2021, explores the rich tapestry of experiences that shape the narrative of Black womanhood, emphasizing resilience, activism, and the ongoing demand for justice. The authors reflect on the research process, the challenges of highlighting overlooked figures, and the importance of representation in historical narratives. They also discuss how their own backgrounds and experiences influenced their writing and the necessity of making Black history a more integral part of education. This enlightening conversation not only celebrates the contributions of Black women but also encourages listeners to engage with and share these vital stories.A vibrant dialogue unfolds as Ramunda Young hosts a virtual author talk featuring Dr. Kali Nicole Gross and Dr. Daina Ramey Berry, two esteemed historians who co-authored the groundbreaking book, 'A Black Woman's History of the United States.' Recorded in April 2021, during the peak of the pandemic, this discussion not only showcases the authors' scholarly insights but also captures the passion behind their work to shine a light on the often-overlooked narratives of Black women throughout American history. The conversation begins with Young introducing Mahogany Books' mission to promote African American literature and its critical role in fostering community engagement during challenging times.Dr. Gross and Dr. Berry reflect on their collaborative journey, revealing how their respective areas of expertise contributed to the depth of the book. They recount the initial conversations that sparked the idea for the project and the subsequent workshops they held with fellow scholars to refine their outlines and approaches. The authors emphasize the transformative power of storytelling and the necessity of centering Black women's experiences in historical narratives. By discussing the emotional labor involved in researching painful histories, such as those of enslaved women and victims of systemic racism, they highlight the urgency of bringing these stories to the forefront of public consciousness. Listeners are encouraged to consider the implications of these histories for contemporary society and the ways in which they continue to resonate today.As the episode progresses, insights into the authors' personal motivations and the historical figures that inspire them emerge. They discuss the complexities of Black womanhood and the diverse experiences that shape it, from the struggles of women in the civil rights movement to the achievements of contemporary activists. Dr. Berry poignantly shares the story of Mamie Till, Emmett Till's mother, who fought tirelessly for justice, while Dr. Gross highlights the importance of representation in literature for young girls. The episode culminates in a call to action for listeners to actively engage with African American literature, urging them to support Black authors and bookstores. Through this rich dialogue, the episode not only educates but also inspires a deeper understanding of the critical role that Black women have played—and continue to play—in shaping American history and culture.Takeaways: The Mahogany Books podcast network highlights the significance of African American literature. Authors Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole Gross discuss their impactful book on Black women's history. This episode emphasizes the importance of including diverse narratives in American history education. Listeners are encouraged to explore the rich history and contributions of Black women. The authors share insights on the challenges of researching Black women's history in archives....

Rules were a major part of Lee's household growing up. But it wasn't until he started to dig into his family's history that he began to realize that the rules that he was expected to follow had a long, dark history. In this episode, Lee speaks with historian Dr. Daina Ramey Berry to better understand the life of Lee's great-great-grandmother Charity, an enslaved woman, and learn about how the slave codes and Black codes shaped her life, and the lives of her descendants. Later Lee speaks with Professor Sally Hadden to learn about the origins of the slave codes, and how they've influenced the rules that govern our modern society.TranscriptWe wanted to give a heads up that this episode includes talk of abuse, and acts of violence. You can find resources on our website, WhatHappenedInAlabama.org - listener discretion is advised.Hi - this is Lee Hawkins and thanks for joining me for episode six of What Happened In Alabama. In this episode we dive into the slave codes and Black codes - what they were, and how they show up in our current day to day. If you haven't already, I encourage you to go back and listen to the prologue first. That'll give you some context for putting the whole series in perspective. Do that, and then join us back here. Thank you so much. INTROEven when we don't realize it, life is governed by rules. We often say we “should” do things a certain way without knowing why. The truth is, many actions have root causes that trace back to how we were raised and what we were socialized to believe – both by our families and the societies we live in.In dictionaries, rules are described as explicit or understood regulations governing conduct. We see these guidelines in everything from the order and cadence of the written and spoken word, to how we move from A to B on the roads, or the ways different sports are played - the “rules of the game.”But “rule” also means to have control or dominion over people or places.This was the way of colonialism around the world for centuries. And this control manifests as laws and codes that yes, create order, but can also have the power to suppress freedoms - and instill fear to ensure compliance. In past episodes you've heard me talk about the rules of my household growing up in Maplewood, Minnesota, and the many layers of history that get to the root of those rules. Talking with my father and other family members who lived under Jim Crow apartheid provided one piece of understanding. Learning of my white ancestry from Wales dating back to the 1600s offered another. But we have to revisit my ancestors on both sides of enslavement, white and Black – back to the physical AND mental trauma that was experienced to really connect the dots to the tough rules that governed the household, and why my parents and some other relatives felt they needed to whip their children. Also, why so many other racial stereotypes were both imposed on us by society, and often internalized by some within our Black families and communities. For that, we have to dig deeper into the story of my Grandma Charity, her experiences as a Black girl born enslaved and kept in bondage well into adulthood, and the rules that governed her life, both during her time of captivity and after that, under Jim Crow apartheid. This is What Happened in Alabama: The Slave Codes. [music up, and a beat]I can't tell you how many thousands of hours I've spent digging through genealogy reports, archives and police records looking for documentation about my family. Sometimes I can do the work from my computer at home, other times, for the really specific details around my dad's family, I've had to make the trip back to Alabama, to gather oral history, go to courthouses, walk through cemeteries, and drive around. [sifting through papers] It can be slow and tedious work. Sometimes you think you've found a lead that's going to take you somewhere that you could have never imagined - but then you realize it's a dead end. Sometimes, you get a huge rush of endorphins when you make a discovery that blows open the doors that once seemed forever closed.One night, in 2015, I'd recently received my DNA results showing a strong connection to the white side of the Pugh family. I was sitting in my dark living room, looking into the illuminated screen of my computer at two in the morning. I'd just found the last will and testament of Jesse Pugh, a white ancestor who genealogists surmise is my great great great grandfather, from Pike County, Alabama. We met Jesse Pugh in the last episode. The will was dated March 24, 1852. Jesse Pugh died two years later. To his wife and children, he left hundreds of acres of land, household furnitures, plantation tools, farming animals, bushels of corn, and a number of enslaved people – all listed as “Negroes.”As I pored over the details of the will, I came across a name I'd heard before: Charity. I read it over again. “Second, I give and bequeath to my son Mastin B. a Negro Girl, Charity…” Fixating on those words,“a Negro girl, Charity” my eyes welled up. She was left to Jesse Pugh's son, Mastin B. Pugh. Charity was the grandmother Uncle Ike told me and my father about on our trip to Alabama back in 1991. I remember Uncle Ike telling us about how, when Charity's son, his own father Isaac Pugh Sr., acquired his own farm, mean ol' Grandma Charity would constantly beat Uncle Ike, my Grandma Opie, and their other siblings, right there in the field, usually because she thought they weren't working fast enough. Rosa: Now I'll tell you the exact word he told me, he said "that was the meanest old heifer I ever seen." That's my cousin, Rosa Lee Pugh-Moore, Uncle Ike's daughter. She has few memories of her father talking about his grandmother Charity. But she says whenever he did talk about her, he always had one thing to say. Rosa: He hated his grandma, said she was just really mean. And that's all he talked about. How mean she was and how people tried to get over on her doing things she didn't like them to do, and she would fight.I'd heard so much about Cousin Rosa - a real Pugh matriarch. In 2018 I headed to Birmingham, Alabama to meet my sweet cousin for what I thought would be a conversation with just the two of us. I didn't realize it was her birthday, and when I arrived, it was cousin Rosa, plus about 30 other relatives - her grandchildren, great grandchildren and even a newly born great-great grandchild. Stepping into the home, I was surrounded by generations of family members - and they were just as excited as I was to hear what Cousin Rosa had to say. There was so much they hadn't heard about her life - from walking for miles as part of the Montgomery bus boycott, to leaving the country in Georgiana for the big city in Birmingham, all the way back to the stories she'd heard about Grandma Charity.Before I settled in, I kissed her cheek and sat in a chair next to her to hear as many of the stories of her life and our family as I could. That's what some of the elders who weren't reluctant to share stories used to do, she told me. Rosa: And at night sit up and they tell us about the families and stuff like that. Pots of peanuts and sweet potatoes, stuff like that.With the rest of the family close by, still celebrating her birthday, I can feel those stories passing through her childhood memories into my recorder. I feel so blessed to be here. And I realize she's my gateway to the family in Alabama, because she's called family members all over the country, and pushed them to talk with me. She was brave, never afraid to talk about Alabama, the good and the bad. And her knowledge went all the way back to Grandma Charity. Lee Hawkins:So when, how old were you when you learned when you first learned about Grandma Charity? Rosa: I guess. Oh, good gracious. I was about nine or ten like that. Something like that.Cousin Rosa and I remember Uncle Ike saying that she hated white peopleUncle Ike: She hated white folk... And uh, and uh one time my daddy was fifteen and one of them told them get out or something and someone knocked them down and Grandma kicked them and she did all three of them yeah. This is a recording of Uncle Ike from 1991, when my Dad and I sat down with him at his home in Georgiana, Alabama. It's hard to hear, but he's telling us about how a group of white men showed up at their house one day and tried to pull Grandma Charity out of the house to whip her, until she came out fighting. Rosa: Yeah, that kind of stuff he told us. I don't know that whole story. I don't remember the whole story. Rosa: So then she had that boy. That boy is Isaac Pugh Sr. Uncle Ike's father, Rosa's grandfather, and my great grandfatherRosa: And daddy say he was too light for Black people like him, and he was too dark for white people to like him. So he's kind of a loner.As I listen to Cousin Rosa talk about Grandma Charity, I can't help but think about the most obvious fact about her that eluded me for so much of my life – Grandma Charity was born enslaved. No one had ever told me that! No one had mentioned it. I only learned this that early morning in 2015, when I found Jesse Pugh's will.As Cousin Rosa said, Uncle Ike hated his grandmother. But understanding that she was enslaved for the early part of her life - around 20 years - added a dimension to this supposedly “mean ol” woman. Just how learning more about my father's experiences under Jim Crow added nuance to him as a man in my eyes. They both went through Alabama's version of hell on earth. We model what we see and many of us adopt the rules and customs of the country we're born into. America, before anything else, was founded on violence.Knowing that, I felt skeptical about the way Grandma Charity was characterized for all those years in the family history. And once I discovered Jesse Pugh's will I realized that she'd been simply pathologized – even by her own family– and that, like me with my father, my ancestors and elders didn't know enough about the atrocities she'd experienced to be able to explain why she sometimes thought the way she did, and was the way she was. For the benefit of this project, for my family, and most of all, for Grandma Charity, I knew I had to learn more about what life was like for an enslaved Black woman in the mid-1800s, to add meaningful context to her story. So, what did Grandma Charity endure? What laws and codes governed her life? To learn more, I started with a conversation with Daina Ramey Berry.Dr.Berry: I am the Michael Douglas Dean of Humanities and Fine Arts and a professor of history at the University of California, Santa Barbara. I call myself a scholar of the enslaved. Most of my time in the academy has been in archives, conducting research, and trying to find and tell stories like people like your Great Great Grandmother Charity.Dr.Berry: A number of historians are skeptical about making connections between the past and the present. But if we trace the past decade by decade, year by year, we can see connections to contemporary America, and if you look at history as a foundation, the foundations that were laid are still what have built our houses, and we need to, we need to dismantle the parts of our history that need to be rewritten to be more inclusive, right?I reached out to Daina Ramey Berry after I found records and research on Grandma Charity and her mother Laner. It was all words and numbers on a page and I needed more context. I don't remember how I found her - I was knee deep in books and papers and articles at the time. But I wanted to understand more about what life was like for enslaved Black women. LEE: What don't we know about Black women during history? What haven't people been able to pay attention to or, as I would believe, haven't always wanted to pay attention to? Dr.Berry: I think the latter is really where I'd like to start because there are conferences over the years that I've attended with historians, my colleagues, and oftentimes scholars will say, well, Yes, Black women were exploited during slavery, but not that much.Dr.Berry: And my question always is, have you tried to calculate it? How do you know it's not that much? What is not that much? When I look at narratives, I've looked at court records, I've looked at letters and diaries and all kinds of different documents, where enslaved girls and women are talking about sexual exploitation and abuse, physical and sexual abuse.Dr.Berry: Mothers were teaching their daughters how to quote unquote protect their principal at a very young age. Young girls did not want their enslavers to know that they had their first menstrual cycle. And on the flip side, some women even bound their breasts up so that they didn't look like they were developing and they were maturing, um, into adulthood.Dr.Berry: So there's a number of things that enslaved women and girls did to try to protect themselves from puberty and from signs of showing evidence of puberty, because they knew what that meant. On the flip side, enslavers were often hyper focused on women's menstrual cycle, and you might ask, well, why something so personal would they be so concerned with?Dr.Berry: That often was because enslaved people were expensive to purchase. To purchase in the auction, you had to be quite wealthy, and the values of enslaved people were high. So if you could quote unquote grow your own enslaved people, or if natural reproduction, forced reproduction, i. e. rape, then you're gonna, you're gonna grow your plantation workforce without having to purchase somebody.This practice of growing your own free labor is in my bloodline - and repeated for generations. Grandma Laner - Charity's mother - was raped while enslaved. Grandma Charity - who was described as a light skinned woman - is the product. Grandma Charity was also raped by a white man while she was held captive under enslavement, and Isaac Pugh Sr is the result. This is the so-called “white man” I saw as an image on Uncle Ike's mantle when I visited in 1991. If I had just seen his picture without the history, I would never have known his mother was Black. Dr.Berry: So enslaved women's bodies, their reproductive capabilities, their fertility was one of the most important aspects of what maintained and grew through the 19th century the institution of chattel slavery in the United States. LEE: Which is inextricably tied to capitalism. Dr.Berry: Yes. LEE: Yes, and one of the most painful things that I've experienced in the course of doing this research was a conversation that I had with a genealogist who said, well, you know, um, how do we know that she was raped?LEE: Maybe she was a mistress? Dr.Berry: No. Like other enslaved women, Grandmas Laner and Charity had no legal right to refuse sexual advances from their male enslavers - because they were property, nowhere near a relationship of equals. They were also often young girls.The sexual abuse of young girls is shocking, yet this is a key part of maintaining the power dynamic during slavery. Ripping enslaved families apart made it easier for white slave owners and other men to prey on young girls. When she was about 14 years old, Grandma Charity was separated from her mother, Laner. Just a child, she had to adjust to a different plantation and community, and a new enslaver, alone. Dr.Berry: Family separation was one of the most traumatic experiences that enslaved people went through. And it's something that they lived in day to day fear of, of being separated from their, from their parents, from their siblings, from any, any kin that they had, um, on their, in their proximity.Dr.Berry: We've seen it from the perspective of a child remembering the wailing of their mother as they were pulled off and put on a wagon and the child is remaining and they hear their wailing cries of their mothers up until like a mile later or just until they can't hear it anymore.Dr.Berry: There's extreme examples of, babies, infants being ripped from the mother's breast and being sold, literally, uh, breastfeeding mothers. There are also examples of fathers and sons standing on the auction block holding hands, you know, and just silently tears coming down their face because they know that after that day, after that moment, they won't, they most likely won't ever see each other again.Dr.Berry: Um, there's other stories of mothers knowing that this, this stranger that's come to the, the property has asked me to put my son in his Sunday best and I, I've said this before, it's like that child was a child and didn't have really any clothes but a smock and their first set of clothings that they received was the clothing that they were going to put for the auction.Dr.Berry: Another mother talked about braiding her daughter's hair for the last time and putting a ribbon in it, knowing. that she was preparing her for the auction and that she would no longer see her again. These were traumatic experiences and we find that the closeness of the families and the desire to be connected to a family was a survival mechanism for Black people.Dr.Berry: And that even if you look at the evidence we have now in information wanted ads,and these advertisements are powerful testimony to Black genealogy from the perspective of the enslaved and formerly enslaved people searching for, I haven't seen my mother since I was two. I'm 40 years old now. You know, I remember her name was Laura. Her hair was shoulder length. She was wearing an apron and a, and a, and a long dress.Dr.Berry: You know, those kinds of testimonies just show the strength and the impact of the desire to connect to your family, but the impact of separation still did not push them away from trying to locate and connect with their blood relatives or kin. In trying to connect my family tree, I found so many sources of loss. There's the parental loss Grandma Laner experienced with Charity, knowing almost certainly the physical brutality her daughter would face once separated from her. Two generations later, Charity's granddaughter, and my grandmother Opie, experienced the loss of her father at age nine, after seeing him blood splattered and slumped over his horse. And then my father - Opie's son and Charity's great grandson - lost his mother to health inequality when he was just 12 years old. These are the building blocks of a cycle of generational loss. So when I hear Daina Ramey Berry talk about the desire to connect to your family and the impact of separation, I get it. Genealogy is like a giant DNA puzzle that stretches across time. Until you dig, you don't learn these things. Geneticists have data that shows that Black Americans have on average 24 percent European blood in their veins. Yet, there's a denial or an unwillingness to acknowledge how prevalent and pervasive rape was. And some of this is embedded in the laws and the codes of slavery…Dr.Berry: We need context to understand, like you said, the contemporary connections to our current bloodlines.Dr.Berry: And that we are, that slavery was an intimate institution. We are interlaced. We are connected whether we want to be or not, but we are connected. LEE: Thank you so much. Thank you for this magnificent work you're doing.Dr.Berry: Thank you. Thank you. Appreciate it.[MUSIC BEAT]Learning more about what enslaved Black women lived through deepened my love for my strong, brave matriarch, Grandma Charity. And to think she then had to live through Jim Crow apartheid.But I wanted to drill down even more into the specific rules that she – in Greenville in the 1800s - had to live under and follow. For that, I dug up the Alabama Slave Codes of 1852, which governed every facet of Black lives. Under the slave codes, enslaved people were property, not people. The codes were used to regulate the behavior of enslaved people and ensure their subjugation by curtailing many aspects of their lives. Note that I didn't say that these codes only restricted the enslaved, but ALL Black people. I discovered that one widespread myth is that the Black people who weren't in bondage were FREE. Under the slave codes, enslaved people were property, not people. After the abolition of slavery the Black codes picked up where the slave codes ended, and restricted the freedoms of the “free”And then there were the restrictions of Jim Crow policies. In states like Alabama– and the many states in the North that had their own Jim Crow rules – ALL Black people lived under laws and codes, at the country, state or national level, that curtailed their physical and emotional freedom in the United States. As Daina Ramey Berry mentioned in our conversation some of these rules still hold us in invisible bondage and shape how we live and how for some - we parent. For more on “the rules” I spoke with Sally Hadden, a professor at Western Michigan University…Prof.Hadden: I'm a specialist in legal and constitutional history, particularly of early America. My first book was entitled, “Slave Patrols, Law and Violence in Virginia and the Carolinas”. And that book tracked the development of slave patrols as a legal institution from the 1600s to the 1870s.I told Professor Hadden about my family, my white European ancestry, and the enslavement of Grandma Charity and other family members. By then, I'd studied the Slave Codes, the Black Codes, and Jim Crow, and realized that the slave codes that governed Grandma Charity's life informed how she raised her children and grandchildren. And in many ways, the rules my dad learned while growing up under Jim Crow apartheid governed the way my parents raised me.The whip used to punish Slave Code and Black Code violations, became the belt I often faced in the living room. But it was more than the physical. The fear of disobeying the rules added to the mental toll. Those codes also helped shape how many others– both in my family and beyond– expected me to act..it shaped the idea that I needed to stay in my place, or be punished. Prof.Hadden: People parent the way that they experienced being a child with their own parents. It's very hard to break that cycle of parent to child. And I, I'm not a parent myself, I don't have kids. But I see this with my brother's children, and my sister's children, who are all now in their 40s and have kids of their own. And it's remarkable how, to use an old phrase, how close the apple drops from the tree. LEE: So you get it. And, and the academic term is intergenerational trauma. But I like the way you put it because, um, this is my, this was my way to show some level of graciousness to my dad when I got this history. And then for him to show me the grace of being able to go through the journey and study it with me and to say, Hey, you know what?LEE: This should stop in our bloodline.LEE: But one way to heal is certainly, the best way to heal, I think, is to confront it. And that's why the work that you've done is so important, because history just holds so many powerful clues, um, into how, you know, how we got to the way we are. But very few people understand the role of violence and, but the necessity in the context of the capitalism and the, you know, the system of capitalism and what we were trying to accomplish as a nation.Prof.Hadden: A lot of people think that when they discuss slavery, what they think of is, they think of a two party relationship, a master and an enslaved person. And what I was trying to write about was, there's always a third party, and the third party is always government. It's always the state, and whether it's the, uh, at the national level, the state level, or the county level, there's this, third party.Prof.Hadden: And the state is always the backer up of this because the state creates the laws that make it, that, that within the society of that time, legitimated the institution of slavery. Prof.Hadden: So for the purposes of our discussion about the law, we're interested in the common law and how slave patrols were developed as legal institutions. South Carolina had the first laws on the books about, um, slave patrols and, uh, attempts by the state to control enslaved people.LEE: So what did patrols do? Prof.Hadden: Patrols were required by their government, either the, the local or state government or the militia, to perform surveillance and to use violence towards enslaved people. That was their job. They were responsible for going into slave cabins, to see who was there, to make sure there were no runaways.Prof.Hadden: They looked for uh, goods that they thought slaves shouldn't have, they hunted, uh, nighttime music to its source, uh, to look for, uh, dancing groups or for religious meetings where African Americans might be in attendance.Prof.Hadden: Their job was to effectively enforce a curfew. that would have kept every enslaved person on the farm of the master who owned them. They were effectively the government's backstop to a master to make sure that the slaves were where they were supposed to be. So they were a type of government group that used white on Black violence to achieve their ends.The slave patrols enforced the slave codes - created by a colonial or state legislature. Walking into the interview with Professor Hadden, I knew the Slave Codes restricted Black people's movement, requiring written passes for travel. They forbade assembly without a white person present. It was often illegal for Black people to read or write, or for a white person to teach them to do so. Marriage and family rights were non-existent, allowing enslavers to separate families at will. Enslaved people could not testify in court against white people; their testimonies were generally inadmissible. They were also barred from owning property, entering into contracts, or earning wages, with any income typically claimed by their enslavers. Whipping was often the punishment. In Greenville, it was usually 39 to 100 lashes for an offense. And in the case of a rebellion or insurrection, the penalty could be death.And what was most devastating, was that I knew that some of our white family members – mainly Mastin Pugh, the man who inherited Grandma Charity from his father, Jesse – was also in charge of the enforcement of the Alabama Slave Code across Butler County. Him holding that power would have been brutal for Grandma Charity. And eventually, generations later, for me. It made sense that my parents would be overly cautious about us kids not doing anything wrong. They policed us so the law - or those who felt empowered to police us, even without authority - wouldn't. It all goes back to the codes and patrols. Prof.Hadden: The very earliest laws put a requirement on ordinary individuals, uh, to have them be responsible for enforcing slave laws. The idea here was that all whites theoretically would understand that it was in their best interest to keep slaves controlled.Prof.Hadden: Now, this kind of enforcement didn't necessarily work terribly well to ask just everybody walking around in society who's white to keep an eye on everybody who's, um, enslaved. And so, gradually, colonial legislatures switched to other systems of using patrols to say, you people are designated as individuals.Prof.Hadden: Uh, to control slave behavior and so legislatures, um, either required the militia to carve out groups of patrollers and have them do the work or county courts turned to their tax lists and used tax lists to nominate people to serve as patrollers for three months or six months. And, and Alabama's solution was to use the militia, to have the militia be the substitute and say the militia will choose patrollers to work in rotation.Prof.Hadden: So, the militia were ordinary people who were supposed to be self arming. That is to say, you're supposed to show up with your own, uh, rifle, your own gun, uh, with ammunition and enough shot to, um, uh, carry out orders issued by a superior commander. Um, and to do what was necessary to protect your community. Something to highlight here: Patrolling and policing was EVERYWHERE. There was no option for Black people to escape the patroller's whip and gun, and white men were EXPECTED to patrol - they were governmentally required to do so. There was a financial consequence if they didn't. This was the culture and the law. And while it may not be explicit now, we see the ways this culture of being policed versus feeling empowered to patrol plays out along racial lines. There are countless news reports of white people calling the police on gatherings of Black people at cookouts or for watering a neighbor's lawn. Or questioning a Black person's right to be in a gated community - when they live there. That's patrolling - the power of oversight. And then you have some Black parents who continue to have “the talk” with their children, warning them of the ways to address police officers if stopped. Or telling them not to stay out after dark. Or not to gather in large groups in case it draws the wrong kind of attention. That's self policing for preservation and to avoid white oversight. Even though slave patrols came to an end - in theory - with the abolition of slavery, the culture remained.Prof.Hadden: After the Civil War ends, white Southerners are afraid. There's a lot of fear about, um, the African Americans who live around them, who live in their communities, and if patrols no longer exist, um, just like slavery no longer exists, then from the perspective of white lawmakers, Who is supposed to keep African Americans in line? Who is supposed to supervise them if there are no more slave masters? What would be done to stop crime, what would be done to control African Americans?Prof.Hadden: Southern whites in the 1860s were terrified of the possibility of race war, and they lived with that. They talked about that race war was likely to happen, and without patrols, they were sure that they would they had no way to prevent one. So the work done by patrols was divided, you could say. The work that they had done that was about surveillance, that was about stopping crime, became part of the work of police forces. Some southern cities had had police forces, but others had not, in the world when slavery still existed.Prof.Hadden: But the other thing that happens with patrol work after 1865 is that some of the work that patrollers had done, intimidation work, becomes, uh, the, the central feature of the Ku Klux Klan, that, that's, um, that their legacy of intimidation, of, uh, race based violence, uh, very much becomes, um, part and parcel of the Klan's, um, operating uh daily operational activities. Um, the Ku Klux Klan wanted to scare African Americans in the Reconstruction South into doing what the white community wanted. They wanted African Americans to only do agricultural work, not to have schools, not to have guns, not to vote, not to organize, not to demand um, appropriate wages, and the Klan used violence or the threat of violence to get African Americans to do what they want, what they wanted, which was all of those things.This form of control remains, but as we've talked about throughout the series, it's fear based. The whip controlled the enslaved. Scare tactics and violence were used by the Ku Klux Klan. And today, corporal punishment - the threat and the practice - is still perceived by some as a way to keep children safe. LEE: Can you tell us about the differences and similarities between the violence of the slave patrols and corporal punishment that we see in modern times in homes and schools? Prof.Hadden: Well, the, the use of violence usually has one object in mind to get obedience, to get control. And so there's, there's the root of the similarity is if, if corporal punishment or violence has an objective of to get to control, then they spring from the same kinds of beginnings. Now, there are some key differences, obviously. Um, control as a parent might be for an immediate and a transient reason.Prof.Hadden: Um, you know, a mother spanks a child to reinforce the idea in the child's mind that it's a bad idea to go out and chase a ball onto a road where there are lots of cars. Um, I speak on, from personal experience on that one, Lee. Um, having been on the receiving end of my mother's hand when I chased a ball out into the street.Prof.Hadden: I think she probably lost a few years off of her life watching that happen, but she wanted to make sure that I got the message as a preschooler that I shouldn't do that again. Believe me, I remember it firmly. But control can also be about long term domination. And that's different. Um, an abusive parent that beats a child every weekend for no reason, just to reinforce the idea that the parent is bigger, um, badder, a bully, an abuser.Prof.Hadden: Um, you know, the very threat of violence can almost be as intimidating as the actual use of violence in that sort of situation. Um, an abusive father. puts his hand on his belt and the child doesn't have to see anything more because the connection between the belt and its use on them is there. as an instrument of corporal punishment is very live.Prof.Hadden: It's nearly as terrifying that the belt itself is almost as terrifying as, as seeing it in use. Now, of course, there are several large differences between what patrols did and the kind of, corporal punishment or violence one might experience in a home or in a school. One of the biggest is that when a patroller used, um, a rod or a whip against an enslaved person, they could be strangers to each other.Prof.Hadden: That is to say, they might be, the patrol member might not know who the enslaved person was. The enslaved person might never have laid eyes on that patroller before that night. Um, uh, a second difference obviously is, is the racial one. That is to say, patroller is white and the enslaved person is Black. And within the family or within a school, that sort of distinction, both of those distinctions are missing.Prof.Hadden: They're not strangers to each other. They're maybe share the same race as each other. And there are also differences of expectation. Um, we expect, or at least society teaches us to expect, kindness from our family members, from our teachers, that we're going to be nurtured or supported by them. But that may or may not be the case.Prof.Hadden: Whereas, I don't think enslaved people ever thought that they'd see the milk of human kindness coming from a patroller. So they're bearing those differences in mind. There are some similarities, and one of the similarities is the use of an instrument of violence. whether it be a belt or a whip or a rod, um, certainly the instrument by which punishment is inflicted might look very much the same.LEE: Yeah. And you touched on kindness and the expectation of kindness. When I was a kid, I didn't expect kindness from my parents, and the reason was, I did receive kindness from my parents, but I also received the brutality of violence, and in my community, it was stressed to me that violence was kindness, because we're protecting you from the evils of the world, we're protecting you, we're scaring you so that when you go out, you know how to act right, When you're at the mall with your friends so you don't get killed by the police or accused of stealing something you didn't steal or decide to steal something and get arrested and in the process of getting arrested, get killed or join a gang because you're, you're not being disciplined and then get killed on the streets. LEE: And so we're doing this because we have to do this, because the society will kill you if we don't do this, if we don't instill this fear in you. And so it was a very mentally, it was a very, um, hard thing to process as a kid, because I just fundamentally did have that understanding that as a Black kid, there were a different set of rules for me.We talked alot about how concepts and ideas are handed down through generations. Prof.Hadden: But I can tell you that in the early 20th century, um, there was tremendous fear. Again, we're back to a period of fear in American society and fear motivates people to do very strange and dangerous things. And one of the things they were afraid of was the massive influx of immigrants that were coming to America from Southern Europe.Prof.Hadden: Um, this was a time when, um, immigration numbers were going through the roof, nationally, and there's a backlash to that. And for some people, that backlash takes the form of joining, um, uh, political organizations, and sometimes it takes the form of joining a group like the Klan, uh, to demonstrate white supremacy against these perceived outsiders. But it's also just as much about in the 20s, you begin to see the migration, the out migration, of a large number of African Americans from the South to other parts of the country. Um, this is something that had, obviously started in the 1860s and 70s, but it accelerates in the early 20th century, and, um, people moving to Detroit, people moving to Cleveland, people moving to, um, uh, St. Louis, moving to loads of cities where there were industrial opportunities. Prof.Hadden: Um, many of those individuals, African American individuals, moved during, uh, World War I in the late 19 teens. And what this did, it changed the, uh, population complexion of a lot of previous cities that had previously had, um, very large, uh, white, um, populations to being ones that were more racially mixed, where before more than three quarters of the African American population lived in the American South.Prof.Hadden: When you move into the 20th century, this outward migration of African Americans to other parts of the United States meant that, in other communities, a lot of whites begin to experience fear, fear of the unknown. And that concept – the fear of the unknown – also applied to my family and my own community. My father's family moved from Alabama to Minnesota, but those fears of Jim Crow remained. I thought back to my interview with my mother, in which she told me, “we didn't know if something could happen to you, because things have happened.” For Black parents who used the belt to keep their children in their perceived place – or even for Black people who called other Black people “acting white” for excelling in school or having friends of other races – they were paralyzed by that generational fear, which, if you really sit down and read them, are the same attitudes that the Slave Code is rooted in. Prof.Hadden: Um, you know, violence. is something that is passed down just like a family name. And it starts with knowing our history, but then it takes action. And that kind of action, I think, is up to each individual. It can't, you can't wait around for government to do it.It's up to the individual to act and to try to make a change. That's my own personal view. LEE: Okay. Incredible. Thank you, Professor Hadden. Prof.Hadden: You're so welcome, Lee. My research into Grandma Charity's life under the brutal rule of Mastin Pugh and the Alabama Slave Code of 1852, led me to confront a painful question: When my father whipped me with that belt, hoping to mold me into an exceptionally productive Black boy who had to grow up too fast, who was really whipping me? Was it Lee Roy Hawkins Sr., the strong, omnipresent Black father who, drawing on the power of our irrepressible Black village, wanted me to achieve our wildest dreams?Or was it Lee Roy Hawkins Sr., the great-grandson of a Black woman enslaved by Mastin Pugh, driven by the white supremacist DNA in his veins, believing he had no other choice?For me, one of the biggest challenges was accepting that both could be true. As Americans, the same complexity that inspires and haunts the American family hung over my father and our family for generations.To confront this generational tragedy, I had to peel back the layers of truth about the origins of this country and our family's place in it. For only then did I truly understand why so much of my upbringing was defined by rules enforced by the whip, which, for generations, was meant to keep us enslaved. In facing this undeniable American history, I hope that I helped position us to reclaim my family's power and to rewrite our narrative, transforming the pain inherited from “mean ol' Grandma Charity” into a legacy of resilience, and, most importantly, liberation.[outro music]CREDITSWhat Happened In Alabama is a production of American Public Media. It's written, produced and hosted by me, Lee Hawkins.Our executive producer is Erica Kraus. Our senior producer is Kyana Moghadam.Our story editor is Martina Abrahams Ilunga. Our lead writer is Jessica Kariisa.Our producers are Marcel Malekebu and Jessica Kariisa. This episode was sound designed and mixed by Marcel Malekebu. Our technical director is Derek Ramirez. Our soundtrack was composed by Ronen Lando. Our fact checker is Erika Janik.And Nick Ryan is our director of operations.Special thanks to the O'Brien Fellowship for Public Service Journalism at Marquette University; Dave Umhoefer, John Leuzzi, Andrew Amouzou and Ziyang Fu. And also thanks to our producer in Alabama, Cody Short. The executives in charge at APM are Joanne Griffith and Chandra Kavati.You can follow us on our website, whathappenedinalabama.org or on Instagram at APM Studios.Thank you for listening.

In celebration of Women's History Month, we're featuring an interview conducted by Teens Choice Book Show host Maya Hay in January of 2021 with Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole Gross, authors of A Black Women's History of the United States.  The book is described as "an empowering and intersectional history that centers the stories of African American women across 400+ years, showing how they are—and have always been—instrumental in shaping our country."At the time of the interview, Dr. Berry was the Oliver H. Radkey Regents Professor of History and associate dean of the Graduate School at the University of Texas at Austin, and Dr. Gross was the Martin Luther King Jr. Professor of History at Rutgers University, New Brunswick.  Today, Dr. Gross is the National Endowment for the Humanities Professor of African American Studies at Emory University is and Dr. Berry is the Michael Douglas Dean of Humanities and Fine Arts at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Learn more about About | Daina Ramey Berry (drdainarameyberry.com).  More information on Dr. Gross is available at About — Kali Nicole Gross. 

This podcast is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source. We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time. ■Reference Source https://www.ted.com/talks/daina_ramey_berry_the_electrifying_speeches_of_sojourner_truth ■Post on this topic (You can get FREE learning materials!) https://englist.me/81-academic-words-reference-from-daina-ramey-berry-the-electrifying-speeches-of-sojourner-truth--ted-talk/ ■Youtube Video https://youtu.be/UjE8t_Yvu3c (All Words) https://youtu.be/PRzic9rx1VI (Advanced Words) https://youtu.be/0hbgWRchSic (Quick Look) ■Top Page for Further Materials https://englist.me/ ■SNS (Please follow!)

Our Best of ITT series continues, as we celebrate our 7th year anniversary! In this episode from July 2020, Maria and Julio are joined by authors and historians Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole Gross to talk about their book “A Black Women's History of the United States.” They analyze the history of Black women in America and their legacy of activism, resistance and entrepreneurship. ITT Staff Picks:  Olivia Lapeyrolerie writes about the incredible life's work of Marvel Cooke, a Black reporter and union organizer, who inspired Black women activists such as Angela Davis and spent her life fighting systemic inequities and the exploitation of Black people, in this article for Teen Vogue.  “The challenge of solving the Black wealth gap is informed by another time in our past when Black people were the wealth of this nation,” writes Daina Ramey Berry in this piece for The Boston Globe.  The Free Black Women's Library features a collection of four thousand books written by Black women and Black non-binary authors and celebrates these authors through workshops, readings, story circles, performances, cultural conversations and a monthly reading club. 

Martin Luther King, Jr. Committee of Santa Barbara Vice President Isaac Garrett joins Dr. Daina Ramey Berry who will Keynote at a free program honoring the great Dr. King, and ... The post Martin Luther King, Jr. Day Santa Barbara first appeared on Elizabeth Appraisals. The post Martin Luther King, Jr. Day Santa Barbara appeared first on Elizabeth Appraisals.

What did it take to stage a successful slave uprising? Over the course of the early republic, we see a few violent slave uprisings in the United States. A particularly brutal rebellion took place in Louisiana in January 1811. Another violent rebellion took place in Southampton County, Virginia in August 1831. Neither of these rebellions led to the abolishment of slavery, but they did lead to the death of many enslaved people and their enslavers. Vanessa Holden, an Associate Professor of History at the University of Kentucky and the author of the award-winning book Surviving Southampton, leads us through the events and circumstances of the 1831-Southampton Rebellion, a rebellion we tend to know today as Nat Turner's Rebellion. Show Notes: https://www.benfranklinsworld.com/336 Join Ben Franklin's World! Subscribe and help us bring history right to your ears! Sponsor Links Omohundro Institute Colonial Williamsburg Foundation The Ben Franklin's World Shop Complementary Episodes Episode 052: Ronald Johnson, Early United States-Haitian Diplomacy Episode 124: James Alexander Dun, Making the Haitian Revolution Episode 133: Patrick Breen, The Nat Turner Revolt Episode 176: Daina Ramey Berry, The Value of the Enslaved Episode 282: Vincent Brown, Tacky's Revolt Episode 295: Ibrahima Seck, Whitney Plantation Museum Episode 312: Joshua D. Rothman, The Domestic Slave Trade Episode 328: Warren Milteer, Jr., Free People of Color in Early America   Listen! Apple Podcasts Spotify Google Podcasts Amazon Music Ben Franklin's World iOS App Ben Franklin's World Android App Helpful Links Join the Ben Franklin's World Facebook Group Ben Franklin's World Twitter: @BFWorldPodcast Ben Franklin's World Facebook Page Sign-up for the Franklin Gazette Newsletter

Kamau brings his professional experience as a stand-up comic, TV host, writer, and cultural critic, and his personal experience as a Black man and father. Kate brings her professional experiences as a bestselling author, historian, and high school teacher, along with her personal experiences as a white queer mom and longtime feminist activist. Readers hear from other notable figures in the creative and academic communities including a foreword from Alicia Garza, cofounder of the international Black Lives Matter movement, and lessons from Nikki Jones, professor of African American Studies at UC Berkeley, who explores the crisis of policing in America, and Nathan Alexander, professor of Mathematics at Morehouse College, who shows readers how math can be used to understand—and transform—racist policies. DO THE WORK! is inclusive but it's not exhaustive—or the definitive final word on ending racism. Rather, it's a companion to all the other powerful resources available. The authors give a nod to the likes of How to Be an Antiracist by Ibram X. Kendi; Sister Outsider by Audre Lorde, A Black Women's History of the United States by Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole Gross, Me and White Supremacy by Layla Saad, and countless other important bodies of work that explore race in America. This is a bridge between the essential reading and the critical action. Extraordinarily designed by more than 15 BIPOC artists and illustrators and crafted with powerhouse authorship, DO THE WORK! is a revolutionary workbook for anyone looking to make a difference in ending structural and institutional racism through sustained antiracism work, and a reckoning for those struggling to make sense of the histories that got us here. ABOUT THE AUTHORS W. KAMAU BELL is a dad, husband, and comedian. He directed and executive-produced the four-part Showtime documentary We Need To Talk About Cosby, which premiered at Sundance. He famously met with the KKK on his Emmy-Award-winning CNN docu-series United Shades of America with W. Kamau Bell, where he serves as host and executive producer. He has appeared on The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon, The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, Conan, The Daily Show with Trevor Noah, CBS Mornings, MSNBC's Morning Joe, Comedy Central, HBO, Fresh Air with Terry Gross, WTF with Marc Maron, The Breakfast Club, and This American Life. He has two stand-up comedy specials, Private School Negro (Netflix) and Semi-Prominent Negro (Showtime). Kamau's writing has been featured in Time, The New York Times, Vanity Fair, The Hollywood Reporter, CNN.com, Salon, and The LA Review of Books. Kamau's first book has an easy-to-remember title, The Awkward Thoughts of W. Kamau Bell: Tales of a 6' 4", African American, Heterosexual, Cisgender, Left-Leaning, Asthmatic, Black and Proud Blerd, Mama's Boy, Dad, and Stand-Up Comedian. He is the ACLU Artist Ambassador for Racial Justice and serves on the board of directors of Donors Choose and the advisory board of Hollaback! Along with Kate Schatz, he's the co-author of Do the Work: An Anti-Racist Activity Book. For more information, please visit: http://www.wkamaubell.com/, or follow W. Kamau on Twitter here and Instagram here. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/tntbsmedia/message

We know from our explorations of early America that not all Americans were treated equally or enjoyed the freedoms and liberties other Americans enjoyed. Warren Milteer Jr., an Assistant Professor of History at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro and the author of North Carolina's Free People of Color and Beyond Slavery's Shadow, joins us to explore the lives and experiences of free people of color, men and women who ranked somewhere in the middle or middle bottom of early American society. Show Notes: https://www.benfranklinsworld.com/328 Join Ben Franklin's World! Subscribe and help us bring history right to your ears! Sponsor Links Omohundro Institute Colonial Williamsburg Foundation The Ben Franklin's World Shop Complementary Episodes Episode 118: Christy Clark Pujara: The Business of Slavery in Rhode Island Episode 142: Manisha Sinha, A History of Abolition Episode 176: Daina Ramey Berry, The Value of the Enslaved from Womb to Grave Episode 289: Marcus Nevius, Maroonage and the Great Dismal Swamp Episode 312: Joshua Rothman, The Domestic Slave Trade   Listen! Apple Podcasts Spotify Google Podcasts Amazon Music Ben Franklin's World iOS App Ben Franklin's World Android App Helpful Links Join the Ben Franklin's World Facebook Group Ben Franklin's World Twitter: @BFWorldPodcast Ben Franklin's World Facebook Page Sign-up for the Franklin Gazette Newsletter

Professor Snape threatens a child, then the kids finally get to reunite with Sirius. Email us at restrictedsectionpod@gmail.com to tell us what you thought of Padfoot Returns or even what you think of us! We'd love to read your email on the show. Be sure to subscribe to know right away about new episodes, and rate and review! SUPPORT US ON OUR PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/therestrictedsection THANK YOU LOVE YOU BUY OUR MERCH: https://www.bonfire.com/store/restrictedsectionpod/ THANK YOU LOVE YOU IG: https://www.instagram.com/restrictedsectionpod/ TW: https://twitter.com/restrictedpod FB: https://www.facebook.com/groups/rspoddetentioncrew/ Check out our other amazing Movie Night Crew Network podcasts! This episode featured: Harmat, co-host of A Song of Ice and Fire Symposium! https://popculturesymposium.tumblr.com/ Harmat plugged Little Women (2019) https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3281548 IG @mcturndownforwatt https://www.instagram.com/mcturndownforwatt/ TW  @mcwattsup https://twitter.com/mcwattsup Check out That's What I'm Tolkien About every Tuesday wherever you get your podcasts https://tolkienaboutpod.podbean.com/Mary Clay Watt Mary Clay plugged Witcher 3 Christina Kann https://linktr.ee/christinakann Christina plugged The Silent Patient by Alex Michaelides https://bookshop.org/a/65495/9781250301703 I'm Not Dying with You Tonight by Kimberly Jones and Gilly Segal https://bookshop.org/a/65495/9781492678892 A Black Woman's History of the United States by Daina Ramey Berry and Kari Nicole Gross https://bookshop.org/a/65495/9780807001998 Lockdown on London Lane by Beth Reekles https://bookshop.org/a/65495/9781989365854 Octavia's Brood ed. Adrienne Maree Brown https://bookshop.org/a/65495/9781849352093 And check the fanfics Ashley recommended! In her words: P.S. - I have a few of my favorite FanFics I'd like to plug if you don't mind! These are short and really pull at the heartstrings: -You Meet in Paris (2019) by enembee - "..and she eclipses the Sun" Harry/Gabrielle Delacour https://www.fanfiction.net/s/13328397/1/You-Meet-in-Paris -Cauterize (2008) by Lady Altair - "Of course it's missing something vital. That's the point." Dennis Creevey takes up his brother's camera after the war. https://www.fanfiction.net/s/4152700/1/Cauterize ^ This one WRECKED me -The Twine Bracelet (2012) by CheddarTrek - Another short & sweet about Colin Creevey https://www.fanfiction.net/s/8461800/1/The-Twine-Bracelet

In which Harry does absolutely zero of his own work and somehow still comes out on top. Email us at restrictedsectionpod@gmail.com to tell us what you thought of The Second Task or even what you think of us! We'd love to read your email on the show. Be sure to subscribe to know right away about new episodes, and rate and review! SUPPORT US ON OUR PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/therestrictedsection THANK YOU LOVE YOU BUY OUR MERCH: https://www.bonfire.com/store/restrictedsectionpod/ THANK YOU LOVE YOU IG: https://www.instagram.com/restrictedsectionpod/ TW: https://twitter.com/restrictedpod FB: https://www.facebook.com/groups/rspoddetentioncrew/ Check out our other amazing Movie Night Crew Network podcasts! www.movienightcrewnetwork.com/ This episode featured: Special guest Taylor IG @taylorfromcabin6 www.instagram.com/taylorfromcabin6/ TW @historicalfemme www.twitter.com/historicalfemme Check out Of the Eldest Gods TW @oftheeldestgods www.twitter.com/oftheeldestgods IG @oftheeldestgodspod www.instagram.com/oftheeldestgodspod Taylor plugged Murderville www.netflix.com/title/81193104 She also plugged A Black Women's History of the United States by Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole Gross www.bookshop.org/books/a-black-women-s-history-of-the-united-states/9780807001998 Christina Kann linktr.ee/christinakann Christina plugged Inventing Anna www.netflix.com/title/81008305 Andrew My Dude Andrew plugged Paramout + www.paramountplus.com Here's a link to all our task ratings! www.movienightcrewnetwork.com/blog/second-task-ratings

Among the giants of American history, Sojourner Truth stands out. After escaping enslavement, she drew huge crowds as a speaker advocating on behalf of abolition and women's rights. In honor of Black History Month, we revisit this interview with historian Dr. Daina Ramey Berry. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

While Black women have played a critical role in the development of the nation, their stories have been mostly overlooked. In the new book, A Black Women's History of the United States, historians Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole Gross honor the many significant contributions of Black women who have worked tirelessly to build this country and fight for social justice in the face of racism and sexism.

While Black women have played a critical role in the development of the nation, their stories have been mostly overlooked. In the new book, A Black Women's History of the United States, historians Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole Gross honor the many significant contributions of Black women who have worked tirelessly to build this country and fight for social justice in the face of racism and sexism.

Today on the podcast, I talk to my old pal Sheena Moore, founder of Sheena's Pickles, an artisan brand of fermented goodies making waves all over Austin right now. Sheena and I have known each other for years since working together back in the old world as tour guides for Austin Eats Food Tours. Sheena is one of those smart, humble, incredibly funny people who makes you feel comfortable in your own skin when you're around her. The idea of Sheena's Pickles has been around for years — a fact I didn't realize when we talked — but only since the pandemic has the brand reached its current heights. Hers is a study in how to make a side-hustle really thrive. When she first conceived of the business, she decided to get her MBA from the prestigious Macomb School of Business at the University of Texas to see if she could learn enough to make the idea feasible. Not only is she a lovely human, one of my very favorites, but she's a great example of how uncanny and powerful acting in your life toward the manifestation of your dreams can be. When she's not pickling to keep up with her sold-out product-line at Antonelli's Cheese Shop, she works with rockstar academic Dr. Daina Ramey Berry, chair of UT's History Department, and professor of African American Diaspora Studies. Sheena and I talk about what it's like to grow up as an identical twin, how the corporate world nearly crushed her soul, and then we taste a bunch of pickles and cheese. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

The transatlantic slave trade dominated in North America during the 17th and 18th centuries. But by 1808, a different slave trade came to dominate in the young United States, the domestic or internal slave trade.
 Joshua D. Rothman, an award-winning historian, Professor of History at the University of Alabama, and author of the book, The Ledger and the Chain: How Domestic Slave Traders Shaped America, leads us on an exploration of the United States' domestic slave trade and the lives of three slave traders who helped to define this trade. 
 Show Notes: https://www.benfranklinsworld.com/312 Join Ben Franklin's World! Subscribe and help us bring history right to your ears! Sponsor Links Omohundro Institute The Ben Franklin's World Shop Save 40 percent with code 01BFW on Carolyn Eastman, The Strange Genius of Mr. O  Inside Ben Franklin's World Event with the Historical Society of Pennsylvania LightStream by SunTrust Bank Loans  Complementary Episodes Episode 063: Megan Kate Nelson, Ruin Nation: Destruction and the Civil War Episode 118: Christy Clark-Pujara, The Business of Slavery in Rhode Island Episode 135: Julie Holcomb, The Transatlantic Boycott of Slave Labor  Episode 142: Manisha Sinha, A History of Abolition Episode 176: Daina Ramey Berry, The Value of the Enslaved from Womb to Grave Episode 281: Caitlin Rosenthal, The Business of Slavery Listen! Apple Podcasts Spotify Google Podcasts Amazon Music Ben Franklin's World iOS App Ben Franklin's World Android App Helpful Links Join the Ben Franklin's World Facebook Group Ben Franklin's World Twitter: @BFWorldPodcast Ben Franklin's World Facebook Page Sign-up for the Franklin Gazette Newsletter

While Black women have played a critical role in the development of the nation, their stories have been mostly overlooked. In the new book, A Black Women's History of the United States, historians Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole Gross honor the many significant contributions of Black women who have worked tirelessly to build this country and fight for social justice in the face of racism and sexism.

While Black women have played a critical role in the development of the nation, their stories have been mostly overlooked. In the new book, A Black Women's History of the United States, historians Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole Gross honor the many significant contributions of Black women who have worked tirelessly to build this country and fight for social justice in the face of racism and sexism.

Jeremi and Zachary turn to expert Dr. Daina Ramey Berry to discuss the history and legacy of slave revolts and maroon societies in the United States, and lack of education on these subjects today. Zachary sets the scene with his poem, “One You Have Not Heard”. Daina Ramey Berry is the Oliver H. Radkey Regents […]

Part 1: https://shelflovepodcast.com/episodes/season-2/episode-80/080-i-now-pronounce-you-colonialism-capitalism-white-supremacy/Show Notes:Shelf Love:Sign up for the email newsletter list | Website | Twitter | Instagram | Goodreads | Email: Andrea@shelflovepodcast.comCheck out Shelf Love’s updated website including the transcript for this episodeShelf Love episodes with transcriptsGuest: Dr. Margo HendricksWebsite | TwitterArticle we talk about:Archives and Histories of Racial Capitalism: An Afterward by Jennifer L. Morganhttps://read.dukeupress.edu/social-text/article-abstract/33/4 (125)/153/31135/Archives-and-Histories-of-Racial-CapitalismAnA very short starter reading list sent by Dr. Hendricks:Richard Hakluyt, Voyages and Discoveries: Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, & Discoveries of the EnglishImtiaz Habib, Black Lives in the English Archives, 1500-1677Gretchen Holbrook Gerzina, Black London Before EmancipationPaul Gilroy, The Black AtlanticAnnette Gordon-Reed, Racism in AmericaThe Vision of China in the English Literature of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century. Edited by Adrian Hsia, Chinese U P, 1998Connexions: Histories of Race and Sex in North America, eds.,  Jennifer Brier, Jim Downs, Jennifer L. MorganStephanie Camp, "Early European Views of African Bodies: Beauty," Sexuality and Slavery, ed. Daina Ramey Berry and Leslie M. HarrisJerng, Mark C. Racial Worldmaking: The Power of Popular Fiction (2018)Baez, Jillian, "Navigating and Negotiating Latina Beauty" (In Search of Belonging: Latinas, Media, and Citizenship) (2018)Akhimie, Patricia, Shakespeare and the Cultivation of Difference: Race and conduct in the Early Modern WorldReaders: Critical Race Theory, Critical White Studies, Critical Indigenous StudiesElizabeth Kingston, "Romanticizing White Supremacy" (2018)Chess, Simone, Male-to-Female Crossdressing in Early Modern English Literature: Gender, Performance, and Queer RelationsAsexualities: Feminist and Queer Perspectives. Ed. Karli June Cerankowski and Megan Milks. New York: Routledge, 2014.

Have you ever wondered when Shelf Love would finally cover the unholy marriage of Colonialism, Imperialism, Capitalism, and White Supremacy? Dr. Margo Hendricks drops in to explain why you can't talk about just one because they're inextricably linked. Yes, this is still a romance novel podcast!-Show Notes:Shelf Love:Sign up for the email newsletter list | Website | Twitter | Instagram | Goodreads | Email: Andrea@shelflovepodcast.comCheck out Shelf Love’s updated website including the transcript for this episodeShelf Love episodes with transcriptsGuest: Dr. Margo HendricksWebsite | TwitterArticle we talk about: Archives and Histories of Racial Capitalism: An Afterward by Jennifer L. Morgan Episodes Mentioned:073 & 074 about The Secular Scripture by Northrop Frye with Dr. Angela Toscano077 & 078 with Dame Jodie Slaughter about Twilight and Bridgerton (noodling on some ideas that eventually became my current research project)To Be Alone With You by Jodie Slaughter: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08Y92DR54/A very short starter reading list sent by Dr. Hendricks:Richard Hakluyt, Voyages and Discoveries: Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, & Discoveries of the EnglishImtiaz Habib, Black Lives in the English Archives, 1500-1677Gretchen Holbrook Gerzina, Black London Before EmancipationPaul Gilroy, The Black AtlanticAnnette Gordon-Reed, Racism in AmericaThe Vision of China in the English Literature of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century. Edited by Adrian Hsia, Chinese U P, 1998Connexions: Histories of Race and Sex in North America, eds.,  Jennifer Brier, Jim Downs, Jennifer L. MorganStephanie Camp, "Early European Views of African Bodies: Beauty," Sexuality and Slavery, ed. Daina Ramey Berry and Leslie M. HarrisJerng, Mark C. Racial Worldmaking: The Power of Popular Fiction (2018)Baez, Jillian, "Navigating and Negotiating Latina Beauty" (In Search of Belonging: Latinas, Media, and Citizenship) (2018)Akhimie, Patricia, Shakespeare and the Cultivation of Difference: Race and conduct in the Early Modern WorldReaders: Critical Race Theory, Critical White Studies, Critical Indigenous StudiesElizabeth Kingston, "Romanticizing White Supremacy" (2018)Chess, Simone, Male-to-Female Crossdressing in Early Modern English Literature: Gender, Performance, and Queer RelationsAsexualities: Feminist and Queer Perspectives. Ed. Karli June Cerankowski and Megan Milks. New York: Routledge, 2014.

In this special Dreamweek edition of Entrepreneurial Appetite's Black Book Discussions, we start the new year by celebrating Black women in a conversation facilitated by Sierra Murphy with Dr. Daina Ramey Berry and Dr. Kali Nicole Gross authors of A Black Women's History of The United States. Donations for this event will got to support the Black Ex-Students of Texas (B.E.S.T) San Antonio, a group of alumni committed to providing professional and social networking events, recruitment and retention support to current and prospective students, while serving as a liaison between the University of Texas and the San Antonio Community.About the Book:In centering Black women’s stories, two award-winning historians seek both to empower African American women and to show their allies that Black women’s unique ability to make their own communities while combating centuries of oppression is an essential component in our continued resistance to systemic racism and sexism. Daina Ramey Berry, PhD and Kali Nicole Gross, PhD offer an examination and celebration of Black womanhood, beginning with the first African women who arrived in what became the United States to African American women of today.A Black Women’s History of the United States reaches far beyond a single narrative to showcase Black women’s lives in all their fraught complexities. Berry and Gross prioritize many voices: enslaved women, freedwomen, religious leaders, artists, queer women, activists, and women who lived outside the law. The result is a starting point for exploring Black women’s history and a testament to the beauty, richness, rhythm, tragedy, heartbreak, rage, and enduring love that abounds in the spirit of Black women in communities throughout the nation.Featured Entrepreneur:https://www.relyonmiles.com/

In recognition of Black History Month, this Brief But Spectacular comes from historian Daina Ramey Berry, who chairs the history department at the University of Texas at Austin. She is dedicated to rethinking the way we teach American history to all students, and her latest book is called, "A Black Women's History of the United States." PBS NewsHour is supported by - https://www.pbs.org/newshour/about/funders

In recognition of Black History Month, this Brief But Spectacular comes from historian Daina Ramey Berry, who chairs the history department at the University of Texas at Austin. She is dedicated to rethinking the way we teach American history to all students, and her latest book is called, "A Black Women's History of the United States." PBS NewsHour is supported by - https://www.pbs.org/newshour/about/funders

Brea and Mallory talk about their 2021 reading resolutions. Email us at readingglassespodcast at gmail dot com!Reading Glasses MerchRecommendations StoreSponsors - Skout’s HonorBabbelCode - GLASSES Links -Reading Glasses Facebook GroupReading Glasses Goodreads GroupAmazon Wish ListNewsletter Libro.fm12 Hour Shift - Where to Watch Books Mentioned - Forget This Ever Happened by Cassandra Rose ClarkeThe Marrow Thieves by Cherie DimalineA Dark and Starless Forest by Sarah HollowellA Black Women’s History of the United States by Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole GrossThe Emperor of All Maladies by Siddhartha MukherjeeI Contain Multitudes by Ed Yong 

Happy New Year fam! Maria and Julio reflect back on 2020 and how we all found joy and hope amidst the pain and intensity of the past year. They revisit some of the top ITT moments from interviewing power couple Wajahat Ali and Dr. Sarah Kureshi about COVID-19 to talking about the history of Black women in America and their legacy of resistance with Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole Gross to reminiscing about our live shows like our last one in Detroit before quarantine set in...and much more! Some of the ITT Team's Favorite Shows of 2020:ITT Bonus: Teneia Live From Jackson - Aired Feb. 26, 2020. Teneia opened our live Jackson show back in February and you get to hear a part of her performance in today's episode, too!LIVE From Jackson: Immigration and 2020 - Aired Feb. 26, 2020. Maria and Julio travel to downtown Jackson at The Alamo Theatre to discuss immigration and criminal justice reform in Mississippi.Mississippi’s Fight to Exist - Aired Mar. 3, 2020. A conversation about the BIPOC vote, the legacy of Jim Crow and voting rights in the state, and what progressive organizing looks like in such a red state.Black Trans Resistance - Aired. Jun. 23, 2020. An episode about the history of struggle and leadership from Black transgender women, and the importance of centering Black trans lives in the movement for justice, and in the media.America the Buzzkill - Aired Jul. 14, 2020. An episode about the stories behind the COVID-19 data, and the disproportionate impact the disease continues to have on people of color, particularly the Latino community.Symbols of White Supremacy - Aired Jul. 28, 2020. Maria and Julio take on the national conversation about racist Confederate monuments and the push to take them down.Maria’s Big Book - Aired Sept. 18, 2020. Julio is joined by guest co-host and ITT All-Star Terrell Jermaine Starr to talk with our very own Maria Hinojosa about her newly released book, Once I was You: A Memoir of Love and Hate in a Torn America.Catch Mohanad's full standup comedy set (heard in this episode) by rewatching our election night live virtual show!This episode was mixed by Rosana Cabán.Photo... See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Jenny records across the sea to talk to artist and English teacher Tricia Deegan. If you hear any words that seem stretched out, blame the internet under the ocean! I did what I could in the editing but there are a few unavoidable blips. Nothing too bad, so please enjoy this new guest to the show.Download or listen via this link: Reading Envy 207: Innocent and Ruthless Subscribe to the podcast via this link: FeedburnerOr subscribe via Apple Podcasts by clicking: SubscribeOr listen through TuneIn Or listen on Google Play Or listen via StitcherOr listen through Spotify New! Listen through Google Podcasts Books discussed: We Have Always Lived in the Castle by Shirley JacksonFarewell, Ghosts by Nadia Terranova; translated by Ann GoldsteinRemarkable Creatures by Tracy ChevalierTravels with a Tangerine by Tim Mackintosh-SmithThe Warmth of Other Suns by Isabel WilkersonOther mentions:Leila Slimani MaupassantDelpine De ViganThe Years by Annie ErnauxBlindness by Jose SaramagoDracula by Bram StokerElena FerranteGrimm's Fairy TalesThe Haunting of Hill House by Shirley JacksonGirl with a Pearl Earring by Tracy ChevalierThe Essex Serpent by Sarah PerryDarwinBurning Bright by Tracy Chevalier (William Blake)The Lady and the Unicorn by Tracy ChevalierNative Son by Richard WrightCaste by Isabel WilkersonBecoming by Michelle ObamaThese Truths by Jill LePoreStamped from the Beginning by Ibram X KendiStamped! Racism, Antiracism, and You by Ibram X Kendi and Jason ReynoldsA Black Women's History of the United States by Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole GrossKim JiYoung, Born 1982 by Cho Nam-Joo, translated by Jamie ChangCity of Girls by Elizabeth GilbertThe Invisible Life of Addie Larue by V.E. SchwabRelated episodes:Episode 071 - Bad Priest, Good Priest, No Priest with ScottEpisode 098 - Just a Bunch of Stuff that Happened with Bryan BibbStalk us online: Tricia is @trishadeegan on InstagramJenny at GoodreadsJenny on TwitterJenny is @readingenvy on Instagram and Litsy All links to books are through Bookshop.org, where I am an affiliate. I wanted more money to go to the actual publishers and authors.

The name “Great Dismal Swamp” doesn’t evoke an image of a pleasant or beautiful place, and yet, it was an important place that offered land speculators the chance to profit and enslaved men and women a chance for freedom in colonial British America and the early United States.
 Marcus Nevius, an Assistant Professor of History at the University of Rhode Island and author of City of Refuge: Slavery and Petit Maroonage in the Great Dismal Swamp, 1763-1856, has offered to guide us into and through the Great Dismal Swamp and its history, so that we can better understand maroons and maroon communities in early America and learn more about how enslaved people used an environment around them to resist their enslaved condition. Show Notes: https://www.benfranklinsworld.com/289 Join Ben Franklin's World! Subscribe and help us bring history right to your ears!   Programming Note Episodes in December 2020 will run on December 8 and December 15. BFW will be back with new episodes on January 5, 2021. Sponsor Links Omohundro Institute The Ben Franklin's World Shop Complementary Episodes Episode 133: Patrick Breen, The Nat Turner Rebellion Episode 176: Daina Ramey Berry, The Value of the Enslaved from Womb to Grave Episode 226: Ryan Quintana, Making the State of South Carolina Episode 250: Virginia, 1619 Episode 263: Sari Altschuler, The Medical Imagination Episode 282: Vincent Brown, Tacky’s Revolt   Listen! Apple Podcasts Spotify Google Podcasts Amazon Music Ben Franklin's World iOS App Ben Franklin's World Android App Helpful Links Join the Ben Franklin's World Facebook Group Ben Franklin’s World Twitter: @BFWorldPodcast Ben Franklin's World Facebook Page Sign-up for the Franklin Gazette Newsletter

Shenetha Solomon is a historical consultant, a doctoral student, and an instructor at Southern New Hampshire University. In this episode we discuss her academic and professional background, and we focus on her research into the history of the town of Taft, Oklahoma, and her family’s connections to the town. This episode’s recommendations: Daina Ramey Berry, The Price for their Pound of Flesh: The Value of the Enslaved, From Womb to Grave, in the Building of a Nation (Penguin Random House, 2017): https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/538529/the-price-for-their-pound-of-flesh-by-daina-ramey-berry/ Jamie Goodall, Pirates of the Chesapeake Bay: From the Colonial Era to the Oyster Wars (History Press, 2020): https://www.arcadiapublishing.com/Products/9781467141161 Rob’s New Books Network interview with Jamie Goodall about Pirates of the Chesapeake Bay: https://newbooksnetwork.com/jamie-l-h-goodall-pirates-of-the-chesapeake-bay-from-the-colonial-era-to-the-oyster-wars-the-history-press-2020/

We live in an age where big businesses track our shopping habits and in some cases our work habits. But is the age of data new? When did the “age of the spreadsheet” and quantification of habits develop?
 Caitlin Rosenthal, an Assistant Professor of History at the University of California, Berkeley and the author of Accounting for Slavery: Masters and Management, leads us on an investigation into the origins of how American businesses came to collect and use data to manage their workers and their pursuit of profits. Show Notes: https://www.benfranklinsworld.com/281 Join Ben Franklin's World! Subscribe and help us bring history right to your ears! Sponsor Links Omohundro Institute The Ben Franklin's World Shop Complementary Episodes Episode 137: Erica Dunbar, The Washingtons’ Runaway Slave, Ona Judge Episode 140: Tamara Thornton, Nathaniel Bowditch: 19th-Century Man of Business Episode 173: Marisa Fuentes, Colonial Port Cities & Slavery Episode 176: Daina Ramey Berry, The Value of the Enslaved from Womb to Grave Episode 253: Susan Clair Imbarrato, Life & Revolution in Boston & Grenada Listen! Apple Podcasts Spotify Google Podcasts Ben Franklin's World iOS App Ben Franklin's World Android App Helpful Links Join the Ben Franklin's World Facebook Group Ben Franklin’s World Twitter: @BFWorldPodcast Ben Franklin's World Facebook Page Sign-up for the Franklin Gazette Newsletter

Among the giants of American history, Sojourner Truth stands out. After escaping slavery, she drew huge crowds as a speaker,  advocating on behalf of abolition and women’s rights. Host Kim Azzarelli and American historian Dr. Daina Ramey Berry celebrate the voice and work of Sojourner Truth. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://news.iheart.com/podcast-advertisers

Today on Midday, a conversation about how school children and teenagers are taught the history of Black people, in America, and before they were enslaved here. Tom is joined by three scholars who are helping to change the way we teach African American history and contextualize the experience of Black Americans. Guests: Dr. Daina Ramey Berry is the Rabkey Regents Professor of history at the University of Texas at Austin. Her most recent book is called, 'A Black Women’s History of the United States.' Dr. Kwame Jeffries is an Associate Professor of history at The Ohio State University, and host of the podcast 'Teaching Hard History,' a production of the Southern Poverty Law Center. Dr. LaGarrett King is the Isabelle Wade Lyda and Paul C. Lyda Associate Professor at the University of Missouri, and founding director of the Carter Center for k12 Black History Education.

This week Alice and Kim talk true crime, Tudor history, and anti-racist reads for your shelf. This episode is sponsored by Read or Dead, Book Riot’s mystery/thriller podcast, The Last Stargazers by Emily Levesque from Sourcebooks , and Flatiron Books, publisher of Being Lolita by Alisson Wood. Subscribe to For Real using RSS, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or Stitcher. For more nonfiction recommendations, sign up for our True Story newsletter, edited by Alice Burton. NONFICTION IN THE NEWS HBO Will Adapt Ta-Nehisi Coates’ ‘Between The World And Me’ NEW BOOKS Inferno: A Memoir of Motherhood and Madness by Catherine Cho Uncrowned Queen: The Fateful Life of Margaret Beaufort by Nicola Tallis Unspeakable Acts: True Tales of Crime, Murder, Deceit, and Obsession, edited by Sarah Weinman She was the First! The Trailblazing Life of Shirley Chisholm by Katheryn Russell-Brown, illustrated by Eric Velasquez Intimations by Zadie Smith Sex and Lies: True Stories of Women’s Intimate Lives in the Arab World by Leila Slimani  ANTI-RACIST HISTORY The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America by Richard Rothstein Race for Profit: How Banks and the Real Estate Industry Undermined Black Homeownership by Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor A Black Women’s History of the United States by Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole Gross 1919 by Eve L. Ewing READING NOW ALICE: Wave by Sonali Deraniyagala KIM: The Heir Affair by Heather Cocks and Jessica Morgan The Rise of Kyoshi by F.C. Yee CONCLUSION You can find us on SOCIAL MEDIA – @itsalicetime and @kimthedork. Our amazing audio editing is done by Jen Zink. RATE AND REVIEW on Apple Podcasts so people can find us more easily, and subscribe so you can get our new episodes the minute they come out.

"Economists begin with this notion of the free market invisible hand, and we need to be clear that the hand has a color — it's a white hand, let me say, a white male hand," said Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, a professor of sociology at Duke University. ... I was a major in sociology and economics... I ended up choosing sociology, in part because of the foundation of economics is assumptions about the rational actor making decisions on a cost-benefit basis in something called efficient market. And we all know that the Homo sapiens — they're a complex animal shaped by multiple social forces and group divisions."Bonilla-Silva joined a panel of scholars — Daina Ramey Berry, a history professor at the University of Texas at Austin; Arjumand Siddiqi, a professor in the Department of Public Health at the University of Toronto; and Mario Small, a sociology professor at Harvard University — for a discussion on July 13, 2020, about how the conceptual approaches of economics discount Black and Latinx perspectives, and what they think economics could learn from other disciplines. The discussion was moderated by Sandy Darity, a professor of economics, public policy and African and African American studies at Duke University.This talk was sponsored by UC Berkeley's Department of Economics and Economics for Inclusive Prosperity, co-founded by Berkeley economics professor Gabriel Zucman.Read a transcript and listen to the episode on Berkeley News. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Dustin Jensen – Spouse of Danielle's colleague. Grew up in rural Washington, mostly white communities. He attended Christian schools through college. Became a pastor and left ministry after 12 years. Joined the local government shipyard to make money. Married, has three kids. Is on a journey to rediscover his faith and personal growth. Krishon Allen – Native New Yorker, currently residing in Maryland with his wife and two daughters. Following is time in the US Navy he began a personal relationship with Christ. Faith is a driving force in his life. He is currently an Assistant Program Manager for the Naval Sea Systems Command and is the process of building a faith-cased coaching and mentoring program. These friends talk about current events and racial relations and reconciliation.  They were first connected in 2017 where they were both selected to be a part of a Naval leadership development cadre in Washington DC. It was through this training that they began to forge a friendship and engage in deep meaningful conversations. Dustin said when he met Krishon he was in a place where we was challenging ideas in his life: his faith, his posture towards race and his view of women…. So that when he entered the leadership program he wanted to challenge himself, he wanted and made a conscious choice to be with people who were different than him, who didn't look like him. He wanted to be in a different relationship and had a posture of learning and listening. Krishon acknowledged that on the surface is didn't look like they had a lot in common but they were both husbands and fathers who were away from their families. The friendship was cultivated through mutual interests.  The time in DC made it easy to continue their relationship when they left their time. They talked and emailed for those two years up until COVID and then they started weekly ZOOM calls. It was Dustin who added the dynamic of listening to podcasts and discussing books. The discussions have been challenging. Dustin said there was a deepening and a continuing of their relationship that may not have come naturally before they added outside content to their discussions. It was a new layer of vulnerability that they intentionally leaned into. They chose to engage and be willing to engage in those difficult conversations within the safety of their friendship.The first thing that Dustin did as he began to engage in difficult conversations and in building trust in his relationship was admitting there were things he didn't know. He walked alongside his wife going to grad school and he questioned and challenged things she was learning along the way. So to come into a cross-racial relationship we have to change our posture: there are thing you don't know, and you don't know that you don't know them until you engage someone else's pain and struggle.For Krishon it wasn't difficult to engage with Dustin because of his own upbringing. He said he didn't to make anything easy and just “coast” for the sake of building relationship. Dustin acknowledged that Krishon is not responsible for Dustin's journey as a white person, but Krishon has been willing to engage and go along with Dustin on the journey. It was a willingness to go along together.[Long gap 12:42-48]Danielle says our area is really white and they met in a different part of the country that is very different from Kitsap and more diverse. That is the challenge for our area in the NW, that while there are people of color, there aren't many. The importance is looking at the diversity within the whole country. There is power is looking at another person's face, it humanizes them. And you become more human to each other. Dustin says after living in (and loving) a culturally and racial diverse area like DC. it is difficult to come back to a predominantly white area and feel like “how in the world can I engage culture and diversity and equality?”Maggie says there is a lack of interest or lack of engagement in cross cultural relationships in our area. The important thing is, like Dustin said, coming from a place of interest and posture of wanting to be challenged. It is an intentional seeking out of people who are different than you. We must have a posture of learning and humility (admitting you don't know everything). Maggie asked about a tool or resource that Dustin and Krishon used during their discussions of race and race relations. Krishon mentioned the book “Woke Church: An Urgent Call for Christians in America to Confront Racism and Injustice” by Eric Mason. He encouraged Dustin to read it  since Krishon had read it with some friends. Krishon said that honestly a lot of their conversations just flowed organically—“When you have a black man and a white man having race conversations who have all the text you need is right there.” They just share their experiences. One experience they had in DC was that they went out for a run and afterward Krishon asked Dustin if he wanted to get coffee. Dustin said he didn't bring anything. Krishon was shocked because when he leaves for a run he brings his ID and debit card just in case someone wants to challenge his movement today. Dustin probably never had to prove his identity. Ahmaud Arbury of course highlighted this even more but to this Dustin day doesn't ever go on a run without thinking about his run with Krishon. Dustin says that experiences and stories impact us but they have to come out of relationship. Sure they've shared books together like “Why We Can't Wait,” by MLK, but it's their relationship that impacts them the most. There are a lot of resources but you'll get so much more out of real relationship. Danielle says, “Information does nothing for people. Read this book, get this information, look at these stats. They can believe them or not. But people walk away unchanged.” At times she says she is glad people read books but then she thinks she's sad they are reading it because they will have more information and do nothing about it. What Dustin and Krishon are talking about is having Intentional Proximity, and it has give and take on both sides. Krishon says you can say you have a really good friend but if you're not willing to share the hard parts, than it's not the real thing: We need to share our frustrations with people who don't look like us, because when we share our frustrations with people who look like us and think like us, they have the same frustration. The point is for understanding (not to carry it). Danielle asks how do you know someone understands, if they have actually internalized what they've heard?Krishon says it is them having follow up questions in response to what you've shared. If all they have to say is “ok” or “I understand,” then I have to question whether they actually do understand.  The questions show that the wheels are turning. Krishon gives Dustin a lot of credit because he also goes into action, doing further research to engage. Understanding means they are investing. Dustin says that understanding is a journey not a destination. He can look back on his life and see where he has grown and changed. Dustin acknowledges that he isn't “there” and that he has more learning and understanding, to challenge assumptions and continually engage. An assumption that he has challenged recently is “I understand history.” He grew up loving history, his favorite subject in school. He has realized over the past couple of weeks how little history he knows. There are big absences in his learning of history and as well as a lack of different perspectives of history. Maggie says even the term history shows how binary our thinking is, as if there is a single narrative that comes out of an experience. There are many histories and perspectives, not a single history or a single perspective. There is more than one way to see what has happened. We need to take what we have learned and ask, “is this it or is there more to the story?”Krishon doesn't think he's had any assumptions challenged by his meeting and becoming friends with Dustin. The first thing he saw in Dustin was his faith, and how they are both men of faith. That's why he wanted to be friends with Dustin through their leadership course. If anything the assumption there was that if they are both men of faith then you have issues with some social things happening in our society.Maggie asked how their faith has influenced their friendship and their discussion about what is also happening in our country around race? Krishon believes the church is failing here; they should be the change and should be on the forefront of making a positive change in race relationships and unity in the church body.Dustin says he'd like to say that their faith gives them more hope. They have had difficult conversations challenging the church around the predominantly white male church leading in an area that they don't have expertise in. What the church should be, can be and is not. There are some examples of people being the church, the Allender Center podcast about challenging theology. There's just a lot of challenging conversations about church right now. Danielle thinks that's the hard part—you want to stay connected to the body to our community but we don't have faith leaders who are leading in this area. So when we look around Danielle says, “Maybe we're the leaders.” Leading from our houses, from where ever  we are… Using our voices to encourage the church, to call on the church to change, to read the scriptures in another way, to look a history in another way, to embrace each other another way. Dustin says it is more than just race and diversity... it's also about gender equality. We need to be asking how does the church approach people, how are people represented in the church? There are a lot of facets. Krishon says it's also defining of racism. Until we can have as many sermons on racism that we do on tithing only then can get somewhere. Racism is a heart issue. There needs to be repentance in dealing with racism. It's not going to be easy sermons on racism but they are necessary for change. ---Krishon is reading: A Black Woman's History of the United States by Daina Ramey Berry and Kali N. GrossKrishon is listening to: The Leadership Podcast with Craig Groeschel, The HBR Idea Cast, The Daily PodcastKrishon is inspired by: the drive and consistency in this movement. Dustin is reading: The Woke Church by Eric MasonDustin is listening to: 1619 Podcast, The HBR Podcast, The Allender Center PodcastDustin is inspired by: Stories Krishon has completed his Master's in Mentorship and has been building up some writing and getting his website launched for a mentorship and coaching program. Check it out at  www.krishonallen.com To connect with Krishon on instagram @krishon_tTwitter is @therealkrishonTo connect with Dustin on his blog Axe Handle Hikes

Should we chuck the 4th of July? What does it even mean to be Black and American?? When will I beat Breath of the Wild on my Nintendo Switch?! These questions haunt me and I Want YOU to join me on this 2-part 4th of July special on Black Patriotism. In this solo episode, I'll delve into my observations and experience as a Black American Southerner. Get into it! Citations and References: "The Price for Their Pound of Flesh" by Daina Ramey Berry, "What to the Slave is the 4th of July" by Frederick Douglass, Pledge of Allegiance before 'under God' was added (1945) https://youtu.be/BpScApJXoyk , "Voices From the Front: An Oral History of the Great War" by Peter Hart --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/thornandthistle/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thornandthistle/support

Maria and Julio are joined by authors and historians Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole Gross to talk about their latest book, A Black Women's History of the United States. They analyze the history of Black women in America and their legacy of activism, resistance and entrepreneurship. Daina and Kali offer their insight on how Black women are shaping politics and harnessing their electoral power.ITT Staff Picks: "Historians Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole Gross came together to weave the wondrous tapestry of history through the perspective of those who’ve been left out of history books," via Beacon Broadside."An uprising is long past due, but the revolution is incomplete. Black lives matter. Full stop. All Black people deserve their humanity. All Black people deserve protection. All Black people deserve freedom. All Black people deserve justice," Tamara Winfrey-Harris writes in The Atlantic. "And there can be no justice for Black Americans unless women and girls are included in the reckoning."From Ashley Dennis in The Washington Post: The black women who launched the original anti-racist reading listPhoto Credit: Courtesy of the authors See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Juneteenth marks a triumphant moment for not just Black Americans, but all people who have sought liberation globally. On June 19th, Kai Wright hosted a special episode of “The Brian Lehrer Show” with a series of conversations about the history of the national holiday, classical music and Black politics - then and now. Guests include WQXR's Terrance McKnight, historian Dr. Daina Ramey Berry and calls from listeners about their family histories of emancipation. Listen to Terrance McKnight's Juneteenth special, "The Black Experience in the Concert Hall," at WQXR.org.

Dr. Daina Ramey Berry, professor of history (and incoming chair of the department) at the University of Texas at Austin and the author of several books, including A Black Women's History of the United States (Beacon Press, 2020), talks about the history of Juneteenth, and takes calls from listeners on their family history of emancipation. Firstly, to honor our Ancestors, who kidnapped and enslaved, still lived lives of dignity while building a new nation, today & every day, say/write: ENSLAVED, FORMERLY ENSLAVED and ENSLAVER instead of "slave", "freed slave" and slave master. #HappyJuneteenth — Ndidi (@Ndidi_Theo) June 19, 2020 Brooklyn bridge park pic.twitter.com/qFsajI5twf — Brook Garrison (@LittleHammer33) June 19, 2020 My 9 year old’s remote learning today. pic.twitter.com/lKUkGjrSJA — Brook Garrison (@LittleHammer33) June 19, 2020 Thanks for the show! For 26 yrs I was privileged to learn my history from my Great Grandfather, whose parents were enslaved. One of his greatest prides was that his brother fought in the Union Army. Our history of enslavement is not so distant. — Beverly Baker (@TheatreAddict) June 19, 2020

After 155 years, Juneteenth, a celebration of the emancipation of enslaved Americans, is being acknowledged as a holiday by corporations and state governments across the country. Today, we consider why, throughout its history, Juneteenth has gained prominence at moments of pain in the struggle for black liberation in America. We also ask: What does freedom mean now?Guest: Dr. Daina Ramey Berry, a professor of history at the University of Texas at Austin. For more information on today’s episode, visit nytimes.com/thedaily Background reading: In a project examining the history and import of Juneteenth, we ask: What is freedom in America?Opal Lee, 93, an activist and lifelong Texan, has campaigned to make June 19 a national holiday for years. This is her vision for honoring the emancipation of enslaved Americans.

Episode 12: Mimi sits down with Omama Marzuq of Tomorrow's Prosperity Group Inc. (prosperity@tpgi.co) to talk about financial planning and what we as women have learned from our families about finances growing up. Especially now during Covid we all need to have a plan and regularly schedule dates to look over our finances. Knowing which buckets you are putting your money into, identifying other ways you can save and how dying in the US is not free are a few topics we touch on. No matter if you just got a promotion, are a survivor of sexual abuse starting over financially or recently were laid off from your job...we all can stand to learn more about stretching our dollars and being as financially prepared as possible for the changes coming tomorrow. Books mentioned in this episode: Think and Grow Rich - by Napoleon Hill Subtle Acts of Exclusion, How to Understand, Identify and Stop Microagressions - by Tiffany Jana and Michael Baran A Black Women's History of the United States of America - by Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole Gross --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/mpropermimi/support

Episode 12: Mimi sits down with Omama Marzuq of Tomorrow's Prosperity Group Inc. (prosperity@tpgi.co) to talk about financial planning and what we as women have learned from our families about finances growing up. Especially now during Covid we all need to have a plan and regularly schedule dates to look over our finances. Knowing which buckets you are putting your money into, identifying other ways you can save and how dying in the US is not free are a few topics we touch on. No matter if you just got a promotion, are a survivor of sexual abuse starting over financially or recently were laid off from your job...we all can stand to learn more about stretching our dollars and being as financially prepared as possible for the changes coming tomorrow. Books mentioned in this episode: Think and Grow Rich - by Napoleon Hill Subtle Acts of Exclusion, How to Understand, Identify and Stop Microagressions - by Tiffany Jana and Michael Baran A Black Women's History of the United States of America - by Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole Gross --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/mpropermimi/support

In A BLACK WOMEN'S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, authors Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Gross centering of Black women's stories show their unique ability to make their own communities while combatting centuries of oppression. Through stories of unknown and well known black women throughout American history, Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole Gross offer an examination and celebration of Black womanhood, beginning with the first African women who arrived in what became the United States to African American women of today.Daina Ramey Berry is a Professor of History and associate dean of the Graduate School at the University of Texas at Austin. She is the author or co-editor of several previous books, including The Price for Their Pound of Flesh.Kali Nicole Gross is the Martin Luther King Jr. Professor of History at Rutgers University, New Brunswick. Her previous books include Hannah Mary Tabbs and the Disembodied Torso: A Tale of Race, Sex, and Violence in America.

In A BLACK WOMEN’S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, authors Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Gross centering of Black women’s stories show their unique ability to make their own communities while combatting centuries of oppression. Through stories of unknown and well known black women throughout American history, Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole Gross offer an examination and celebration of Black womanhood, beginning with the first African women who arrived in what became the United States to African American women of today. Daina Ramey Berry is a Professor of History and associate dean of the Graduate School at the University of Texas at Austin. She is the author or co-editor of several previous books, including The Price for Their Pound of Flesh. Kali Nicole Gross is the Martin Luther King Jr. Professor of History at Rutgers University, New Brunswick. Her previous books include Hannah Mary Tabbs and the Disembodied Torso: A Tale of Race, Sex, and Violence in America.

Slavery and the University: Histories and Legacies (University of Georgia Press, 2019), edited by Leslie M. Harris, James T. Campbell, and Alfred L. Brophy, is the first edited collection of scholarly essays devoted solely to the histories and legacies of this subject on North American campuses and in their Atlantic contexts. Gathering together contributions from scholars, activists, and administrators, the volume combines two broad bodies of work: (1) historically based interdisciplinary research on the presence of slavery at higher education institutions in terms of the development of proslavery and antislavery thought and the use of slave labor; and (2) analysis on the ways in which the legacies of slavery in institutions of higher education continued in the post–Civil War era to the present day. The collection features broadly themed essays on issues of religion, economy, and the regional slave trade of the Caribbean. It also includes case studies of slavery's influence on specific institutions, such as Princeton University, Harvard University, Oberlin College, Emory University, and the University of Alabama. Though the roots of Slavery and the University stem from a 2011 conference at Emory University, the collection extends outward to incorporate recent findings. As such, it offers a roadmap to one of the most exciting developments in the field of U.S. slavery studies and to ways of thinking about racial diversity in the history and current practices of higher education. Today I spoke with Leslie Harris about the book. Dr. Harris is a professor of history at Northwestern University. She is the coeditor, with Ira Berlin, of Slavery in New York and the coeditor, with Daina Ramey Berry, of Slavery and Freedom in Savannah (Georgia). Adam McNeil is a History PhD student at Rutgers University-New Brunswick. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Slavery and the University: Histories and Legacies (University of Georgia Press, 2019), edited by Leslie M. Harris, James T. Campbell, and Alfred L. Brophy, is the first edited collection of scholarly essays devoted solely to the histories and legacies of this subject on North American campuses and in their Atlantic contexts. Gathering together contributions from scholars, activists, and administrators, the volume combines two broad bodies of work: (1) historically based interdisciplinary research on the presence of slavery at higher education institutions in terms of the development of proslavery and antislavery thought and the use of slave labor; and (2) analysis on the ways in which the legacies of slavery in institutions of higher education continued in the post–Civil War era to the present day. The collection features broadly themed essays on issues of religion, economy, and the regional slave trade of the Caribbean. It also includes case studies of slavery’s influence on specific institutions, such as Princeton University, Harvard University, Oberlin College, Emory University, and the University of Alabama. Though the roots of Slavery and the University stem from a 2011 conference at Emory University, the collection extends outward to incorporate recent findings. As such, it offers a roadmap to one of the most exciting developments in the field of U.S. slavery studies and to ways of thinking about racial diversity in the history and current practices of higher education. Today I spoke with Leslie Harris about the book. Dr. Harris is a professor of history at Northwestern University. She is the coeditor, with Ira Berlin, of Slavery in New York and the coeditor, with Daina Ramey Berry, of Slavery and Freedom in Savannah (Georgia). Adam McNeil is a History PhD student at Rutgers University-New Brunswick. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The co-author of A Black Women's History of the United States lays out the ways black women transformed America.

It's Juneteenth, also known as "Freedom Day" — commemorating the ending of slavery in the United States. It was on June 19, 1865, when union soldiers arrived in Galveston, Texas, to announce slavery had been abolished. That was two years after President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation of Proclamation. On Second Thought looked at Juneteenth traditions and history with Daina Ramey Berry. Berry is professor of history and African and African diaspora studies at the University of Texas at Austin . She's also author of four books that detail the history of slavery, including "The Price for Their Pound of Flesh."

In life and in death, slaves were commodities, their monetary value assigned based on their age, gender, health, and the demands of the market. The Price for Their Pound of Flesh is the first book to explore the economic value of enslaved people through every phase of their lives—including preconception, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, the senior years, and death—in the early American domestic slave trade. Covering the full “life cycle,” historian Daina Ramey Berry shows the lengths to which enslavers would go to maximize profits and protect their investments. Illuminating “ghost values” or the prices placed on dead enslaved people, Berry explores the little-known domestic cadaver trade and traces the illicit sales of dead bodies to medical schools.This book is the culmination of more than ten years of Berry's exhaustive research on enslaved values, drawing on data unearthed from sources such as slave-trading records, insurance policies, cemetery records, and life insurance policies. Writing with sensitivity and depth, she resurrects the voices of the enslaved and provides a rare window into enslaved peoples' experiences and thoughts, revealing how enslaved people recalled and responded to being appraised, bartered, and sold throughout the course of their lives. Reaching out from these pages, they compel the reader to bear witness to their stories, to see them as human beings, not merely commodities.A profoundly humane look at an inhumane institution, The Price for Their Pound of Flesh will have a major impact how we think about slavery, reparations, capitalism, nineteenth-century medical education, and the value of life and death.Daina Ramey Berry is an associate professor of history and African and African diaspora studies, and the Oliver H. Radkey Regents Fellow in History, at the University of Texas at Austin. An award-winning historian, she is also a Distinguished Lecturer for the Organization of American Historians. She lives in Austin, Texas.