Podcasts about environment sustainability

Join host Norbert Wilson and co-host Kerilyn Schewel in the latest episode of the Leading Voices in Food podcast as they dive deep into the world of small-scale fisheries with two distinguished guests: Nicole Franz from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and John Virdin from Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Discover the significant role small-scale fisheries play in food security, economic development, and community livelihoods. Learn about the unique challenges these fisheries face, and how community-led climate adaptation alongside top-down national policies can help build resilience. This episode also highlights collaborative efforts between academia and organizations like FAO, painting a comprehensive picture of the state and future of small-scale fisheries. Interview Summary Kerilyn - So, Nicole, let's begin with you. Why is your work at the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization focused on small-scale fisheries and fishing communities? And could you share with us how they are different from fisheries more broadly? What's unique about them and their role in food production? Nicole - Yes. Let me start with the latter question. And I think the first thing is to clarify actually what are small-scale fisheries, no? Because sometimes if you think about small-scale fisheries, what most people will have in mind is probably that of a man in a small boat fishing. But in reality, it's a sector that is much more diverse. There are, for example, women in Indonesia that are collecting clams by foot. Foot fishers. Or we have examples from small-scale fisheries that are fishing boats in Norway, which are comparably small, but if you compare them, for example, with how small-scale fishing looks in a place like Mozambique, it's a very different scale. But all of that, however, is comprised in what we understand as small-scale fisheries. It is also important to understand that when we talk about small-scale fisheries in FAO, we don't only limit it to what is happening in the water, the harvesting part, but we also include what happens once the fish is out of the water. So, once it's processed, then, and when it's traded. So, so it's a whole supply chain that is connected to that small-scale fisheries production that we understand as being small-scale fisheries. And with Duke University, with John who is present here, and other colleagues and other colleagues from World Fish, we did a global study where we tried to estimate the global contributions of small-scale fisheries to sustainable development. And what we found was that at least 40 percent of the global catch is actually coming from inland and marine small-scale fisheries. And that's, that's enormous. That's a huge, huge amount. More important almost is that, that 90 percent of all the people that are employed in capture fisheries are in small-scale fisheries. And that is the human dimension of it. And that's why the community dimension is so important for the work. Because it is that big amount of people, 61 million people, that are employed in the value chains. And in addition to that, we estimated that there are about 53 million people that are actually engaging in small-scale fisheries for subsistence. So, if we consider those people that are employed in small-scale fisheries, plus those that are engaging for subsistence, and all their household members, we're actually talking about close to 500 million people that depend at least partially on small-scale fisheries for their livelihoods. We also looked at the economic dimensions of small-scale fisheries, and we found that the value from the first sale of small-scale fishery products amounts to 77 billion. So, these numbers are important. They show the importance of small-scale fisheries in terms of their production, but also in terms of the livelihood [00:05:00] dimension, in terms of the economic value that they generate. And, last but not least, we also looked at the nutritional value from small-scale fisheries. And we estimated that the catch from small-scale fisheries would be able to supply almost 1 billion women globally with 50 percent of the recommended omega 3 fatty acid intake. So, I think with all of these numbers, hopefully, I can convey why the focus on small-scale fish is, in the context of food security and poverty eradication in particular, is of fundamental importance. Kerilyn - Thanks, Nicole. That's really helpful to get a kind of global picture. If I could follow up to ask, what regions of the world are small-scale fisheries more common, or do economies rely on them? And in what regions do you see them disappearing? Are they common in countries like the US, for example? Well, they're certainly more common in what is often considered as a Global South. In Asia in particular, we encountered the largest total numbers, absolute numbers, in terms of people involved in terms of production. But also in Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean. In the Pacific, obviously, they play a crucial role. They are more and more disappearing in the US, for example, in Europe. We see that it is a livelihood that is no longer very common. And one of the features we see there that it's an aging sector, it's a shrinking sector, for a number of reasons. But they still define the characteristic of certain areas where they really are part of the identity and of the local culture, even in the U.S. or in many, many places in Europe. Norbert - Nicole, this is really fascinating. Thank you for sharing this broad overview of what's happening and who are small-scale fishers. What are some of the common challenges that these small-scale fishers and fisheries face? And what is FAO's response to those challenges? Nicole - Well, where to start? There are so many challenges. I think one fundamental challenge that is common across all regions is securing access to fishing grounds. But not only to fishing grounds, but also to the coastal areas where operations, where they land the boats, where they, where the process of fish, where the fishing villages and communities are located. In many areas around the world, we see expansion of tourism, expansion of urban areas and coastal areas. The increase of other industries that are competing for the space now, and that are often stronger economically more visible than small-scale fisheries. So, the competition over space in those areas is quite an issue. But there are also many challenges that are more outside of the fishing activity directly. For example, often small-scale fishing communities lack access to services. We had basic services such as education or health services, social protection. And in many cases, women are particularly disadvantaged in relation to access to these services. For example, women that are involved in harvesting or in processing of fish in small-scale fisheries, they often do not know where to leave their children while they are at work because there's no childcare facility in many of these villages. And there are 45 million women that are engaged in small-scale fisheries around the world. Another set of challenges relates to the value chains and the markets. Often there's limited infrastructure to connect to markets. The processing and storage facilities are not adequate to bring the product to the market in a state that allows it to then fetch good prices and to benefit from the value chain. Often small-scale fishers and fish workers are also not well organized. So, they become more subject to power imbalances along the value chain where they have to be price takers. Now they have to accept what is offered. That also relates often to a lack of transparency in relation to market information. And of course, then we have another set of challenges that are coming from climate change that are becoming more and more important. And from other types of disasters also. One thing that brings together all these challenges, or makes them worse, is often the lack of representative structures and also institutional structures that allow for participation in relevant decision making or management processes. So that small-scale fishers and fish workers don't even have an opportunity to flag their needs or to propose solutions. So, FAO has facilitated a process to develop Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-scale Fisheries in the Context of Food security and Poverty Eradication. Quite a mouthful of a name. In short, we call them small-scale fisheries guidelines. In which all the major challenges in a way are compiled in one document together with guidance on how to address them. And these guidelines are the result of a participatory development process. So, they are really informed by the involvement of fishing communities from around the world, but also other stakeholders. And they have been agreed on and have been endorsed by the almost 200 members of the FAO. We are now working with countries, with the small-scale fishing communities around the world, with other partners, including Duke University, to help implement these small-scale fisheries guidelines. Norbert - Oh, this is really fascinating and it's important work. I'm intrigued with the participatory process. How are small-scale fisher organizations involved in this? Are you working with different organizations? Or is this more individuals who are just interested in this issue coming to the fore? This is through organizations at all levels. Be it at the national level where we are, for example, facilitating the formation of new women organizations in a number of African countries. Be it at the regional level, in particular in Africa, there are existing structures in the context of the African union, which has established so called non state actor platforms for fisheries and aquaculture, which we are supporting in order to bring their voice into the processes and to facilitate peer learning. And then there's a number of global social movements and producer organizations for small-scale fisheries that we are working with and using them as a facilitator to involve as many as possible. And gather as much insight that is coming from the membership of those organizations to then bring into global, regional, national processes from our side. Norbert - This is really important to hear how different forms of governance and at different levels are playing a part in developing these guidelines. Thank you for sharing that, Nicole. I'd like to turn to you, John. You have more than 20 years of experience in studying and advising government policies to regulate human use of the oceans. With a particular focus on marine conservation practices. How has your thinking about marine conservation changed over the last 20 years? John - Yeah, it's changed a bit. As you mentioned, my interest in work has been on ocean conservation and how it can alleviate poverty. A lot of times that has meant managing fisheries to address poverty. And I think in the past, that meant that I was really focused on what governments could do to increase the efficiency of fisheries. The economic efficiency. How do we increase incomes, how do you increase revenues for communities? All very important, but for all the reasons that Nicole mentioned, I spend a lot more time now thinking about the process rather than the outcomes, and thinking about what institutions are in place, or can be created, to help empower small-scale fishing communities to have much more of a voice in the decisions that affect them. In how the resources are used. How the space is used. And Nicole outlined really well a lot of the challenges that are facing communities from increased industrialization of ocean use to the squeeze from climate change and the effect on resources. And even the fact that climate change may be driving people to the oceans. I mean, as farms and agricultures maybe fail or face challenges, oceans are often open access, and can even be a sink for people to make a livelihood. And so, yet more pressures coming from outside these fisheries. How can fishers have a greater voice in making the decisions that impact them and safeguarding their livelihoods? Norbert - Thank you for that. I'm interested in understanding how do these fisher folks, who are trying to organize and are organizing, how does that interact with sort of larger markets? I mean, I would imagine a number of these folks are catching fish and other seafood that goes into global markets. What's the interaction or challenges that may happen there? John - As Nicole mentioned, because small-scale fisheries are so diverse you have markets in many places. These may be located near an urban center where you can have easy access. You can get fresh fish in a cooler and put it on a plane and off it goes to an export market. We found that, what may be surprised us, is a significant number of small-scale fishers are exporting in some cases. So, then that can be challenging because you might get higher prices, which is a good thing. But it might drive, for example, more fishing effort. It might drive higher levels of exploitation. It might change traditional practices, traditional rules for fisheries. It might really change how fishers organize in a given place. So, the access to export markets, even say an island setting, has kind of scrambled past fisheries management in some places and can be an outside force. Kerilyn - John and Nicole, I want to ask you both a question now about painting a picture of these communities that you're working with. You both mentioned how diverse small-scale fisheries can be. I was wondering if you could just share what one community in particular looks like that you've worked with? What are the challenges that a particular community faces, or alternatively, where do you see things actually working well? So Nicole, could I ask you to respond first? Nicole - I'm working more with global processes and the global level. So, through that, I have the privilege of working with representatives from many, many communities. So maybe what I can share is the feedback that I'm getting through that, in terms of the change that we can observe, and that is affecting fishing communities around the world. I think one thing that is being brought up as a concern by many is what I mentioned before. It's a process of aging in fishing communities and often a lack of capacity to retain young people in the sector. And that has different reasons. Now there are all of these challenges that small-scale fisheries have to face and that are difficult to overcome. So, that often drives people, in particular young men, to leave the communities. Or within the communities, to look for other alternative livelihoods now and not to take on the skills of fishermen or getting engaged in small-scale fisheries more broadly. So, in some cases, yes, it's not only other activities within the community, but really leaving the community and leaving in some cases also the country. What we see there is that sometimes people that have the skills, maybe still as a fisher, they have tried to fish. So, they have a knowledge of fishing. They emigrate out into other countries. And in some cases they are then hired into industrial fisheries where they work on industrial boats that go out fishing for longer periods of time. But where they at times end up in situations that can be called slave labor, basically, that are subject to serious violations of human rights. And that is in a way generated by this vulnerability to the poverty that is still there in those communities. The lack of being able to make a living, a decent work in the fishing community. So, that is something that we have seen is happening. We have also seen that in some cases, there's an involvement of fishers into say more illegal activities, be it in drug trafficking, be it also into the trafficking of people. I'm thinking even about the Mediterranean. I'm working out of Italy, Rome. We have a lot of immigration from North African countries, for example, coming through that route. And oftentimes it happens that the transport of migrants is actually carried out by fishers and their boats because they have the skill to navigate the sea. And they make a better living by transporting illegal migrants than going fishing. So, those are some of the challenges we hear. And the other one is there in relation to what is now a concept that is getting more and more traction. It's often known as the blue economy, which is, in a way, looking at the ocean as the last frontier for economic development. And that includes on the one hand, the expansion of previously existing industries, such as tourism. But also the expansion of newer sectors such as alternative energy production. Think wind parks now in coastal areas. So, what happens here is that in many cases, this adds again, additional pressure on the available maritime space. In the water and on the land. The expansion of marine aquaculture is another example. So, that also is something that we hear is becoming an issue for small-scale fishing communities to defend the space that they need to maintain their lifestyle. Kerilyn - John, is there anything you'd like to add on this question of how fisheries are changing? John - Very, very briefly. Taking the example in West Africa where I've spent some time over the years, you certainly have some communities there where it actually doesn't seem as if the fisheries are changing as much in the sense it's quite static and stagnant. And this could be caused by a lot of the reasons that Nicole mentioned, but the community, the economy, the fisheries aren't growing. People, young people may be leaving for a number of reasons, but it doesn't have to be that way either. I mean, there are positive examples. I was in Liberia last week, and there, from the numbers that the government has, small-scale fishing communities are growing. The number of fishers are growing. They've actually made a conscious effort to protect a certain area of the ocean just for small-scale fisheries. And to prohibit trawling and to give the communities more space to grow and operate in the 20 years since the conflict ended there. So, again, it doesn't have to be sort of stagnant or grinding on in some of these communities as they cope with competition for resources, for example, competition for space from others. Where they were given that space, in some cases in Liberia, they've grown. That may have its own challenges but. Kerilyn - Interesting. In the back of my mind, when thinking about these communities and aging and migration of younger generations away from these livelihoods, you know, as someone who studies the relationship between migration and development, I think it's a common trend where, you know, as countries develop, young people leave traditional economic activities. They get more educated, they move to cities, they move abroad. To what degree is this somehow just part of these countries' development? Should we expect young people to be leaving them? And to what degree might we think differently about development in a way that would enable more young people to stay? And I think, John, you mentioned a really interesting point about how protecting the space For these small-scale fisheries to operate is one thing that seems to have kept people engaged in this livelihood. I'd be curious if there's other things that come up for you. Other ways of thinking about enhancing the capability to stay in small-scale fishing livelihoods. John - Sure, and I'd be curious what Nicole's seeing from her perspective. I think, to some extent, it's a different question if small-scale fisheries are economically viable. And so, what I think Nicole and I are referring to in many cases is where for a lot of these external pressures upon them, they may not be as viable as they once were. And that has its own push on people, whereas where fishers are empowered, they have more of a voice in what happens to the fisheries and controlling those spaces and resources, and it can be more economically viable in these fisheries. That presents a different set of choices for young people then. So that's where we've really focused is: okay, what is the process by which small-scale fishing communities have their voices heard more, have much more of a say and much more power in the use of the fisheries, the use of the coastal areas, the things that affect those fisheries and their livelihoods? And then we can see what those choices might look like. But Nicole, I'm not sure if that's consistent with what you've seen in a number of places. Nicole - Yes, and maybe to also rebalance a bleak picture I painted before. Like John said, there are obviously good examples. I think an important condition is probably a linkage to markets. Non-economic viability in many ways does play a role. And there are examples of how that can happen in different ways. For example, in Morocco, the country has made quite a significant investment to build a whole series of ports for small-scale fisheries. Specifically, along the entire coastline of Morocco where they are providing a port that is not just a landing site for small-scale fisheries, but it provides like a system of integrated services. There's an auction hall. So, the fish comes in, it's immediately kind of weighted. They get the information, the label for what they have brought in, then it goes into an auction that has set rules and everybody is tied to. But in that same area, for example, there's also a bank or there is an office that helps with the access to social protection services, for example. So, it's a whole integrated service center, and that really makes a difference to help make the sector more efficient. But at the same time, also really keep the tradition. So, it's not only economic efficiency, but by having all these different centers, it allows to maintain many people employed and to also maintain the characteristics of each of those different lending sites. That's one example. I was in Korea last year and there, they were doing something similar. They are reviving some of their traditional fishing villages where they are also investing in those fishing communities and providing them with funding to set up, for example, restaurants that are run directly by those involved in the fishery. Those are particular places that are close to cities. In my case, I was in Busan. So, it's very closely connected to the consumers now that come out there. They are focusing on certain products in these villages that they are famous for traditionally. They have little shops and they're starting e-commerce for some of the products. So, the way they package, and the label has become much, much wider than before. So again, that has revived a bit those communities. In Italy, it's a country that's famous for its food, you know. And they are in the region that's called the Amalfi coast. There's a tiny village and it's famous for the production of a value-added product made from tiny sardines that are fished by the small-scale fisheries boats. And they are processed in a very particular way. And there is like a label of geographic origin of this product, and it can only come from that village. And it has a high price and has it's like a high-end product, so to say. And in a way these are also approaches that provide dignity to this profession. And a sense of pride which is really important and should not be underestimated in also increasing the willingness, for example, of young people to be part of that and maintain the viability of the sector. John – I'd like to just add, I think that's a really important point on the dignity and pride and the importance of these fisheries in so many places and cultures. I mean, I'll never forget talking to a minister of finance in one country and starting to try to make the economic case for supporting small-scale fisheries. He cut me off in about 30 seconds and started talking about growing up fishing in the village and going back home for vacations, and just the importance to the entire community of fishing to him and just how much it was a part of the fabric of the culture. Kerilyn - I love that. That does seem so important and wonderful to hear those very specific examples that do give some hope. It's not just a bleak future. Norbert - You know, it's great to hear how government policy is helping shape and reshape these fisheries in a way that allow for economic viability and also these are opportunities to connect communities to these traditions. And so, I find that really fascinating. I want to kind of push a little bit beyond that and bring back the idea of how to deal with climate that was mentioned earlier. And also change our focus from government policy to sort of what's happening within these small-scale fisheries and fishery organizations. So Nicole, a lot of your work focuses on building more inclusive policy processes and stakeholder engagement. And so, from your perspective, how does community-led climate adaptation, rather than top down adaptation agendas, lead to different outcomes? Nicole - Well, I think one way that seems quite obvious, how community-led adaptation can lead to different outcomes is simply that in that case, the traditional and the indigenous knowledge that is within those communities will be considered much more strongly. And this is something that can be really critical to crafting solutions for that very site-specific context. Because the impact of the climate change can be very different in every region and every locality not due to that specific environment that it's encountering there. And holding the knowledge and being able to observe the changes and then adapt to them is something that certainly a community-based approach has an advantage over something that would be a coming from a more centralized top down, a little bit more one-size-fits-all approach. And this can then imply little things like, for example, if the water temperature changes, we see a change in the fish behavior. Now we see how certain stocks start to move to different environments and others are coming in. So, the communities obviously need to adapt to that. And they do that automatically. Now, if it changes, they adapt their gear, they adapt to the new species that is there. So, in many cases, there are solutions that are already happening, and adaptations that are already happening that may not carry that label, that name. But if you look at it, it is really what is happening, no? Or you can see in some cases, that for example, there are initiatives that are coming also spontaneously from the communities to replant mangrove forests, where you can observe that there is a rising seawater level that is threatening the communities and where they have their houses, where they have their daily lives. Now, you can see that through NGOs and often there is support projects for that. But you can also see it happening more spontaneously when communities observe that change. So, the top-down approaches often they lack that more nuanced, site-specific considerations in their approaches and the consideration of that specific knowledge. On the other hand, it needs to be said though, that the top-down approaches can also play an important role. For example, countries develop their national adaptation plans. And those plans are usually, you know, developed at a higher level, at the central level. And often fisheries and aquaculture are not necessarily included in those plans. So that is something where the top-down level can play a very important role and really make a difference for small-scale fisheries by ensuring that fisheries and aquaculture are included in a sector. So, I guess that in the end, as always, it's not black and white. No, it's something that we need to take into account both of it and have any climate change adaptation approach to small-scale fisheries being grounded in both. And have a way to bridge the top down and the bottom-up approaches. Norbert - I really like this idea of bridging between the top down and the bottom-up approaches, understanding the local knowledge that's there. I would imagine that's also knowledge that when used to make decisions makes it easier for people to stick with those decisions, because it's a part of their voice. It's who they are. And then the other side, it's critical to make sure that those plans are a part of a larger national move, because if the government is not involved, if those higher-level decision makers are not involved, they can easily overlook the needs of those communities. I really appreciate hearing that. I think sometimes we hear this tension. It needs to be one or the other. And you're making a really compelling point about how it has to be integrated. John, I'm really intrigued to see from your perspective. How do you see this top down versus bottom-up approach working in the work you've done? John - I'll do what I typically do is echo and agree with Nicole, but just to give an example that I love. I teach this one in my classes. There's an old paper by Bob Johannes, a marine ecologist. And the standard practice in managing fisheries as government scientists is you count the fish, you then set limits for them, often from the top down. And his point was in the case of Indonesia, if you look at the reef fisheries that go through most of the communities, one tool to assess the fish stocks is to do a visual census. You swim transects along the reefs and you count the fish. So, he did a back of the envelope estimate and he said, well, if you're going to do that through all the reefs throughout Indonesia, it would probably be finished in about 400 years. And that would give you one snapshot. So, he's saying you can't do this. You have to rely on the local knowledge in these communities. I don't want to romanticize traditional knowledge too much, but I just can't imagine how policies would effectively support adaptation in these communities without building upon this traditional ecological knowledge. Kerilyn - John, since coming to Duke from the World Bank, you've regularly collaborated with non-academic partners like the FAO as well as the UN environmental program. Can you tell us more about how your partnership with the FAO and your work with Nicole more specifically began? John - Sure. I think more than anything, I got really lucky. But when I first came to Duke, I started working with a colleague, Professor Xavier Basurto at the Marine Lab, who I think is one of the world's leading scholars on how communities come together to manage common resources like fish stocks. We organized a workshop at Duke on small-scale fisheries. We got talking to Nicole, invited her and some of her colleagues at FAO to that workshop, together with others, to think about a way forward for small-scale fisheries for philanthropy. And I think from those conversations started to see the need to build a global evidence base on how important these fisheries are in society. And Nicole could probably say it better, but from there, she and colleagues said, you know, maybe you all could work with us. We're planning to do this study to build this evidence base and maybe we could collaborate. And I think we're very fortunate that Duke gives the space for that kind of engaged research and allows us to do it. I don't think we knew how long it would be when we started, Nicole. But over five years and 800 researchers later, we - Javier, Nicole, myself, and so many others - concluded with this global study that we hope does have a little bit clearer picture on the role of these fisheries in society. Kerilyn - Nicole, from your side, what does an academic partner bring to the table? What's your motivation for partnering with someone like John or Duke University more specifically. Well, I think as FAO, we like to call ourselves a knowledge organization, but we're not an academic institution. We don't conduct research ourselves, no? So, we need to partner around that. We work with the policy makers though. So, one of our roles, in a way, is to build that. To broker and improve the science policy interface. So, this is why collaboration with academia research for us is very important. And what we experienced in this particular collaboration with Duke University to produce this study called Illuminating Hidden Harvest, the Contributions of Small-scale Fisheries to Sustainable Development was really that first we realized we have a shared vision, shared objectives. And I think that's fundamental. Now, you need to make sure that you have the same values, how you approach these things. And in this case, it aligned very well that we really wanted to take in a way, a human-centered and multidimensional approach to look at small-scale fisheries. And then it was also very important to understand what every partner brings to the table, no? The different strengths that we have. And then based on that, define the roles and what everybody's doing in a project. And the added value for us was certainly the capacity from the Duke University side to help develop the method that we develop for the country case studies that we conducted in 58 countries. And not only to develop that method, but then we had a postdoc at Duke University for this project, who was actually then engaging with all of the people. People in these 58 countries. And, and she was. coaching them in that methodology, actually in three languages, which was quite amazing. It was very, very thorough. We could not have done that. And we had a lot of other students from Duke University that helped us once we had the data gathered. To then screen that data, harmonize that data, clean that data, obviously under the leadership of John, Xavier and other colleagues, no? So that was really something that was adding a lot of value and actually also helped us to get to know a lot of the students from Duke. And some of those then ended up also becoming consultants working with us more broadly on small-scale fisheries. So that was certainly great, great value for FAO as collaboration. BIOS Nicole Franz, Equitable Livelihoods Team Leader, Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN. Nicole is a development economist with 18 years of experience in intergovernmental organizations. She holds a Master in International Cooperation and Project Design from University La Sapienza, Rome and a Master in Economic and Cultural Cooperation and Human Rights in the Mediterranean Region. From 2003 to 2008 she was a consultant for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). In 2009-10 she was Fishery Planning Analyst at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in Paris, focusing on fisheries certification. Since 2011 she works for the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Division where she coordinates the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) with a focus on inclusive policy processes and stakeholder empowerment. Since 2021 she leads the Equitable Livelihoods team.  John Virdin is director of the Oceans Program at the Duke University Nicholas Institute for Energy, Environment & Sustainability. He has a total of over twenty years' experience in studying and advising government policies to regulate human use of the oceans, particularly marine conservation policies to reduce poverty throughout the tropics. His focus has been largely on managing fisheries for food and livelihoods, expanding to broader ocean-based economic development policies, coastal adaptation and more recently reducing ocean plastic pollution. He directs the Oceans Program at the Nicholas Institute for Energy, Environment & Sustainability, aiming to connect Duke University's science and ideas to help policymakers solve ocean sustainability problems. He has collaborated in this effort with the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and the United Nations Environment Program, as well as regional organizations such as the Abidjan Convention secretariat, the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States, the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission of West Africa and the Parties to the Nauru Agreement for tuna fisheries management in the Western Pacific. He co-created and teaches an introductory course for undergraduate students to understand the role of ocean policy in helping solve many of society's most pressing development challenges on land. His work has been published in books, edited volumes and a number of professional journals, including Nature Ecology and Evolution, Ecosystem Services, Environment International, Fish and Fisheries and Marine Policy, as well as contributing to China Dialogue, The Conversation, the Economist Intelligence Unit, and The Hill.    

Subscribe to Receive Venkat's Weekly Newsletter In High School. Maura was known for 2 things: Environment Sustainability and an obsession with Japan. She was the president of the Ecology club. She was creative. Good at Science. Math, not so much. So, she felt she wouldn't be successful as a technical environmental professional. Maura joins our podcast to share his undergraduate college journey at the Honors College at Drexel University, Environmental Sustainability, Co-Ops Experiences, Custom Design Major, and Advice for High Schoolers. Check Out: The College Application Workbooks for Juniors and Seniors In particular, we discuss the following with her:  Drexel Honors College Experience Co-Op Custom Design Major Advice to High Schoolers Topics discussed in this episode: Introduction to Maura Jarvis, Drexel [] Hi Fives - Podcast Highlights [] Overall Drexel & Honors College Experience [] Why Drexel? [] High School Interests [] Transition to Drexel [] Peers [] Co-Op Experience [] Campus Activities [] Drexel Redo [] Custom Design Major [] Advice for High Schoolers [] Memories [] Our Guests: Maura Jarvis graduated with a Bachelor's degree in Custom Design Major from Honors College at Drexel University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Memorable Quote: “Like even if you go to Drexel, I feel like everybody can have a truly unique experience, even if you're in the same major as somebody else, you guys could do completely different things based off of what your Co Ops are, ended up doing study abroad, what things you do on campus. So yeah, I just thought that was the coolest thing. ” Maura Jarvis. Episode Transcript: Please visit Episode's Transcript. Similar Episodes: College Experiences  Calls-to-action: Follow us on Instagram. To Ask the Guest a question, or to comment on this episode, email podcast@almamatters.io. Subscribe or Follow our podcasts at any of these locations: Apple Podcasts, Spotify.

It can feel incredibly overwhelming when our little ones ask us about the environment and sustainability. How do we empower them with knowledge without fearmongering?Zoe & Georgia bring in an expert to answer all your questions. This conversation with James Stewart is one to save down for when you next need it.Listen by clicking ‘Play', subscribe or follow on Apple Podcasts, Spotify and Acast, and please do rate and review to help others find the podcast.Find a new episode every Tuesday & Friday and in the meantime check out Made By Mammas on Instagram: @madebymammas.Made By Mammas®, this has been an Insanity Studios production. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Moderator: Heather Buechter, Clean Fuels; John Lovenburg, Environment & Sustainability, BNSF; Todd Ellis, Sales & Marketing, Chevron REG

LabTalks OG's Ben & Chorley were joined with Georges, Co-Founder & GM at EIDGENSI to discuss the impact of advertising on the environment and what exactly can be done to tackle it. Check out EIDGENSI here > https://www.eidgensi.com/For everything else Alkimi > https://linktr.ee/AlkimiExchange

On this episode of Match+Book, host and librarian Paul Kibala takes a unique look at books about the environment for Earth Day. Click on the format to check it out with your EBPL or LMxAC library card! Under the Sea Wind by Rachel L. Carson Print eBook (Hoopla) eAudiobook (Hoopla) Pilgrim at Tinker Creek by Annie Dillard Print eAudiobook (Hoopla) Underland by Robert McFarland Print eAudiobook (Hoopla)

Page One, produced and hosted by author Holly Lynn Payne, celebrates the craft that goes into writing the first sentence, first paragraph and first page of your favorite books. The first page is often the most rewritten page of any book because it has to work so hard to do so much—hook the reader. We interview master storytellers on the struggles and stories behind the first page of their books. Follow me @hollylynnpayne on Instagram and Twitter to stay in touch and get updates. About the guest author:Shelley Read is a fifth generation Coloradoan who lives with her family in the Elk Mountains of the Western Slope. She was a Senior Lecturer at Western Colorado University for nearly three decades, where she taught writing, literature, environmental studies, and Honors, and was a founder of the Environment & Sustainability major and a support program for first-generation and at-risk students. Shelley holds degrees in writing and literary studies from the University of Denver and Temple University's Graduate Program in Creative Writing. She is a regular contributor to Crested Butte Magazine and Gunnison Valley Journal, and has written for the Denver Post and a variety of publications. You can find her at shellyread.com and on Instagram @shelleyread.author.About the host:Holly Lynn Payne is an award-winning novelist and writing coach, and the former CEO and founder of Booxby, a startup built to help authors succeed. She is an internationally published author of four historical fiction novels. Her debut, The Virgin's Knot, was a Barnes & Noble Discover Great New Writers book. She recently finished her first YA crossover novel inspired by her nephew with Down syndrome. She lives in Marin County with her daughter and enjoys mountain biking, surfing and hiking with her dog. To learn more about her books and private writing coaching services, please visit hollylynnpayne.com or find her at Instagram and Twitter @hollylynnpayne.If you have a first page you'd like to submit to the Page One Podcast, please do so here.As an author and writing coach, I know that the first page of any book has to work so hard to do so much—hook the reader. So I thought to ask your favorite master storytellers how they do their magic to hook YOU. After the first few episodes, it occurred to me that maybe someone listening might be curious how their first page sits with an audience, so I'm opening up Page One to any writer who wants to submit the first page of a book they're currently writing. If your page is chosen, you'll be invited onto the show to read it and get live feedback from one of Page One's master storytellers. Page One exists to inspire, celebrate and promote the work of both well-known and unknown creative talent.  You can listen to Page One on Apple podcasts, Spotify, Pandora, Stitcher and all your favorite podcast players. Hear past episodes.If you're interested in getting writing tips and the latest podcast episode updates with the world's beloved master storytellers, please sign up for my very short monthly newsletter at hollylynnpayne.com and follow me @hollylynnpayne on Instagram, Twitter, Goodreads, and Facebook. Your email address is always private and you can always unsubscribe anytime. The Page One Podcast is created at the foot of a mountain in Marin County, California, and is a labor of love in service to writers and book lovers. My intention is to inspire, educate and celebrate. Thank you for being a part of my creative community! Be well and keep reading.~Holly~ 

CO2 emissions play a major role in climate change. Guest host and J.D./UPEP doctoral candidate Gabriela Nagle Alverio speaks with Sanford Professor and Interim Director of the Nicholas Institute for Energy, Environment, and Sustainability Brian Murray about different carbon tax approaches and their pros and cons for curbing emissions. Guest: Brian Murray: Interim Director of the Nicholas Institute for Energy, Environment & Sustainability, Research Professor at the Sanford School of Public Policy, and at the Nicholas School of the Environment This is the third in a series of conversations about climate change. Transcript coming soon. Find out more about the Duke Climate Commitment.

Rod Arquette Show Daily Rundown – Friday, December 9, 2022 4:38 pm: Rabbi Dov Fischer, a contributor to American Spectator, joins the show for a conversation about his recent piece about how the Republican Party should move on from Donald Trump 5:05 pm: Allison Sorenson, Executive Director of Education Opportunity for Every Child joins Rod to discuss the organization's push to enact a school choice program similar to Arizona's in Utah 6:05 pm: Radio host Glenn Beck joins Rod for a conversation about what's happening in America today 6:38 pm: We'll listen back to Rod's conversations this week with Chuck DeVore, Chief National Initiatives Officer at the Texas Public Policy Foundation, about what life in America would be like if the Constitution didn't exist, and (at 6:50 pm) with Eric Ewert, Chair of the Department of Geography, Environment & Sustainability at Weber State University about how ending alfalfa farming could help save the Great Salt Lake  

Rod Arquette Show Daily Rundown – Monday, December 5, 20224:20 pm: Chuck DeVore, Chief National Initiatives Officer at the Texas Public Policy Foundation joins Rod for a conversation about what life in America would be like if the Constitution didn't exist4:38 pm: Bill Duncan of the Sutherland Institute's Center for Family and Society joins the program to discuss a case in front of the Supreme Court involving a Colorado web designer who isn't interested in working on websites that support gay marriage6:05 pm: Eric C. Ewert, Chair of the Department of Geography, Environment & Sustainability at Weber State University joins the show to discuss how ceasing alfalfa farming is one way to make a real difference in saving the Great Salt Lake6:20 pm: Lawrence W. Reed, President Emeritus of the Foundation for Economic Education on his recent piece about how socialism is actually anti-social6:38 pm: Stella Morabito, Senior Contributor to The Federalist, joins Rod for a conversation about how the Respect for Marriage Act has reduced marriage to a meaningless institution

Hollywood actor & director turned Solutioneer John Charles Meyer is the Executive Director of Plastic Free Restaurants – a new nonprofit that helps restaurants, schools, and other US organizations who want financial and technical assistance to shift from single-use to reuse. Plastic Free Restaurants has already helped keep millions of pieces of plastic out of our waste stream. Listen in to find out how, and how you can help! Resources:Plastic Free RestaurantsFind Plastic Free Restaurants Around the USPPC's Flip the Script CampaignRethink Disposable's Case Studies & ResourcesRecent NPR piece on the impact of PFAS chemicals Upstream's Reuse Wins report Upstream's Reuse Outreach PlaybookUpstream's learning hub on Reuse in Food ServiceThe #SkipTheStuff policy campaign

This week's episode is mandatory listening for anyone searching for a career with meaning. Our guest Andrew Hoffman, Holcim Professor of Sustainable Enterprise at the University of Michigan, has powerful advice for engaging in work that has a purpose. Andrew's book “Management as a Calling” outlines why business leaders can and should see their work as a way to solve societal problems.   Andrew teaches across disciplines in the Ross School of Business and the School for Environment & Sustainability. He told us that an interdisciplinary approach is key to combating climate change. In this episode, Andrew tells us about his non-linear path to making an impact, the difference between a job and a vocation, and the challenge for the next generation of leaders.   Learn more about Andrew's work here. A note for listeners: We're taking a short, two week break after this episode and we'll be back with more Sustainability Decoded on August 2nd. Sustainability Decoded is produced by our incredible team at Persefoni and Hueman Group Media.  Learn more about Persefoni and our climate management and accounting platform by subscribing to Tim's weekly newsletter!

Jeff Meyers is a lifelong Citi banker and founding member of Citi's $200 million Citi Impact Fund, investing in for profit, for purpose venture scaleable businesses driving impact. Jeff's volunteer role with StreetWise Partners, a NYC-based nonprofit – bringing job skills to the unemployed – served as the impetus to bring impact into his role at Citi. The Fund invests in four areas: Environment/Sustainability, Financial Inclusion, Physical and Social Infrastructure and Workforce Development from Series A and B to pre-IPO. Citi also allocated $50M to investments in black founders.

This week, I had the honor of speaking with Dr. John Hausdoerffer. Doctor Hausdoerffer is an environmental philosopher, author, teacher and Dean of the Clark School of Environment & Sustainability at Western Colorado University. He has written and co-edited titles such as Catlin's Lament, Wildness, What Kind of Ancestor Do You Want to Be?.Most recently, he was the co-editor of Kinship: Belonging in a World of Relations, a five volume series published by the Center for Humans and Nature that explores our deep interconnections with the living world. Along with his two co-editors Gavin Van Horn and my personal hero Robin Wall Kimmerer, the series contains essays, interviews, poetry, and stories of solidarity about how we can deepen our care and respect for the plants, animals, rivers, mountains, and others who live with us in this tangle of relations.Resources:Sign up for the Our Nature NewsletterFREE Mini Course: Build Your Magnetic Nature AltarKinship the series“The practice of the wild” bookWhy I Consider Environmentalism The Ultimate Act Of Emotional Awareness & Self-Love – by Alexa Gantous >> Get my FREE mini course: Build Your Magnetic Nature Altar to supercharge your magnetism and deepen your connection with the natural world

What does it mean to understand our roles not as Earthlings but as “Placelings”? And as we deepen into the work of collective healing, what underlies the invitation to reframe the preservation of "wildness” into a re-establishment of “kinship”? John Hausdoerffer, Ph.D., is an author and teacher from Crested Butte, Colorado, where he serves as the Dean of the Clark School of Environment & Sustainability at Western Colorado University. John is the editor of What Kind of Ancestor Do You Want to Be? and of the book series, Kinship: Belonging in a World of Relations. The song featured in this episode is I Remember by The Awakening Orchestra.   Green Dreamer is a community-supported podcast and multimedia journal exploring our paths to collective healing, ecological regeneration, and true abundance and wellness for all. Find our show notes, transcripts, and newsletter at GreenDreamer.com. Support the show: GreenDreamer.com/support

We are joined by Tracy Lyons. Tracy is a medicines optimisation pharmacist and the UK Clinical Pharmacy Association's Environment & Sustainability advisor. In March 2021 Tracy helped to form ‘Pharmacy Declares', a self-convened group of ‘climate conscious' pharmacy professionals calling for our professional/regulatory bodies to 1) declare a climate emergency 2) fully divest from fossil fuels & 3) provide climate-health education and leadership. In the episode we hear about the progress being made by Pharmacy Declares as they try to motivate and mobilise the prescribing and pharmacy profession into taking action against global climate change. We discuss the term ‘Planetary Health' and how we must view climate change as a public health issue, not just a political one. We also discuss firemen on airplanes, the role of bees in tackling antimicrobial resistance and we find out why Tracy has this week been drinking champagne. Our micro discussion focuses on healthcare's response to climate change: a carbon footprint assessment of the NHS in England. What are the drugs and devices that contribute most to harming the environment and what can we do about it?https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(20)30271-0/fulltextAs with all our guests we ask Tracy to pick her ‘Desert Island Drug', a career defining anthem and a book that has influenced her work. The choices do not disappoint despite a stewards inquiry into the song choice!To get in touch follow us on Twitter @auralapothecary or email us at auralapothecarypod@gmail.com You can listen to the Aural Apothecary playlist here; https://open.spotify.com/playlist/3OsWj4w8sxsvuwR9zMXgn5?si=tiHXrQI7QsGtSQwPyz1KBg You can view the Aural Apothecary Library here; https://www.goodreads.com/review/list/31270100-paul-gimson?ref=nav_mybooks&shelf=the-aural-apothecary BioMedicines Optimisation Pharmacist at University Hospitals Dorset (lives in beautiful Bournemouth!) & UK Clinical Pharmacy Association's Environment & Sustainability advisor. I'd describe myself as a life-long environmentalist and I've always been a bit of a nature nerd but over the last few years have increasingly understood the importance of planetary health as a requirement for human health. I'm a member of Medact (Health professionals for a safer, fairer, better world) and Doctors for Extinction Rebellion. In March 2021 I formed ‘Pharmacy Declares', a self-convened group of ‘climate conscious' pharmacy professionals calling for our professional/regulatory bodies to 1) declare a climate emergency 2) fully divest from fossil fuels & 3) provide climate-health education and leadership.In the last 8ish months our membership has grown to span all 4 nations within the UK and we're now working with colleagues in the EU, USA and Australasia. ‘We' are everyone from undergraduates to Chief/Consultant pharmacists and professors of education/research. So far we've seen the 3 climate emergency declarations (UKCPA > APTUK> RPS), the RPS divest £1m from fossil fuels – more is to come!Our message is that we're facing an extremely serious situation that will change the shape and length of our lives, but pharmacy as a profession has the potential to delivery health in a way that's never before been possible. We want everyone to get their superhero pants on and save the world!

Le comptoir atiyah de Melbourne est la première cuisine zéro carbone du pays. Ben Armstrong nous explique comment elle fonctionne et qu'est-ce que vous pouvez y manger.

È iniziata a Glasgow la seconda settimana della Conferenza Internazionale sul Clima, nella quale entrano in scena i negoziatori per la parte più complessa, le mediazioni tra Stati sulle misure da intraprendere.

يبقى ملف إيقاف تصدير الفحم الأسترالي من المفات الشائكة دوليا ومحليا لما للفحم من دور كبير في رفع الانبعاثات الكربونية وعلى نحو قد يعرقل هدف الوصول إلى صافي صفر انبعاثات في عام 2050.

Più di 25.000 persone sono accreditate alla COP26, e tra queste decine di funzionari del governo australiano, ma ci sono solo quattro rappresentanti delle comunità aborigene e isolane dello Stretto di Torres, che si sono dovuti pagare il viaggio di tasca propria.

انطلقت أعمال قمة تغير المناخ في غلاسكو باسكتلندا "COP 26" وتضم اجتماعات هذه الدورة حوالي 25000 شخص، ضمن هذا اللقاء السنوي الـ26 بين الأطراف في اتفاقية الأمم المتحدة الإطارية بشأن تغير المناخ وتعهد أكثر من 100 من زعماء العالم بوقف جرف الغابات في محاولة لإنهاء "تاريخ البشرية الطويل كفاتح للطبيعة".

Secondo Diego Florian, direttore del Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Italia, l'area forestale in Italia e Australia è aumentata negli ultimi anni, facendo ben sperare in un ulteriore incremento in futuro.

I risultati dell'accordo stretto tra Nationals e liberali è stato reso noto. Scott Morrison potrà quindi presentarsi a Glasgow con un impegno formale, che in molti definiscono insufficiente.

Penduduk Canning di Australia Barat akan memberikan suara pada pemilihan dewan lokal pada 16 Oktober. Astrid Saraswati Vasile adalah salah satu kandidat dalam pemilu itu.. Slogan kampanyenya adalah “Integrity and Compassion”. Bagaimana ini tercermin dalam kebijakannya?

Studi internazionali, investitori, aziende australiane concordano sulle opportunità economiche che un impegno australiano verso le emissioni zero porterebbe. Il governo è in trattative per annunciare una politica ambientale diversa prima del summit di Glasgow.

最近各國關注氣候變化問題， 並切望在2050年達成零排放目標，聯邦政府也加入這個減排行列，但這是否意味著澳洲的煤礦業從此走向式微，宋慶勤邀請Morgans 亞洲業務主管陳浩庭威大家分析這個情況。

Nell'urina umana ci sono sostanze che invece preferiamo produrre danneggiando l'ambiente, tra miniere in via di esaurimento ed un enorme utilizzo di energia. Perché non cambiare prospettiva e adottare un comportamento più sostenibile?

John Hausdoerffer is an author and teacher from Gunnison, Colorado, where he serves as the Dean of the Clark School of Environment & Sustainability at Western Colorado University. He has written and co-edited titles such as Catlin's Lament, Wildness, What Kind of Ancestor Do You Want to Be?, and his forthcoming series Kinship​ with Gavin Van Horn and Robin Wall Kimmerer. John is a Fellow at the Center for Humans and Nature.​

La invasión de estos roedores autóctonos a una exclusiva urbanización argentina ha despertado polémica por la inexistente normativa sobre la construcción sobre humedales, hábitat de estos y otros animales, y por los privilegios de las poblaciones más adineradas en un país sumido en constantes crisis económicas.

Một nhóm các bác sĩ thú y biển và nhân viên cứu hộ giàu kinh nghiệm nhất của Úc đã thành lập một cơ quan bảo tồn hải dương mới dành riêng để giúp các động vật hoang dã biển bị bệnh, bị thương và mồ côi. Cơ quan phi lợi nhuận mới có tên là Ocean Warriors Australia.

Environment lawyer Julia Styrylska talks about what the KE packages where it's aimed that CO2 emissions will be reduced 55 by percent and the energy neutral phase in EU will be achieved in 2050. - Prawniczka Julia Styrylska mówi o tym na czym polega pakiet klimatyczny KE. Zakłada on redukcję emisji CO2 o 55 procent i neutralność energetyczną Unii Europejskiej w 2050 roku.

Approda in Australia una piattaforma che mira a ridurre lo spreco di cibo nella ristorazione.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) used to involve an enterprise's benevolent actions with the for the outside world. But times have changed and understandings of CSR have evolved. What has changed and why are the changes important to you, me and our world? - Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan (CSR) digunakan untuk melibatkan tindakan kebajikan perusahaan dengan dunia luar. Namun jaman telah berubah dan pemahaman tentang CSR telah berkembang. Apa yang telah berubah dan mengapa perubahan itu penting bagi Anda, saya, dan dunia kita?

Pratos, talheres, palhinhas, palhetas e cotonetes deixam de poder ser em plástico.Nos supermercados, os sacos têm de ser em papel.

একটি আন্তর্জাতিক গবেষণা থেকে আশংকা করা হচ্ছে, বাংলাদেশের বিভিন্ন শহরে যে হারে তাপমাত্রা বাড়ছে সেই ধারা অব্যাহত থাকলে রাজধানী ঢাকাসহ পাঁচটি বড় শহরে আগামী এক দশকের মধ্যেই বসবাসের অনুপযোগী হয়ে যাবে।

A report about a Dutch expatriate who is married to a German man. Anika Lehmann has lived in Australia for over 20 years and is committed to koalas. My colleague Barbara Barkhausen asked how she and the marsupials are doing after a year full of disasters. - Ein Bericht über eine holländische Auswanderin, die mit einem deutschen Mann verheiratet ist. Anika Lehmann lebt seit über 20 Jahren in Australien und engagiert sich für Koalas. Barbara Barkhausen hat nachgefragt, wie es ihr und den Beutlern nach einem Jahr voller Katastrophen geht.

Poloketi mo nofoaga apovai o le Vaisigano

L'8 giugno si celebra la Giornata Mondiale degli Oceani, che costituiscono oltre due terzi del pianeta. Quest'anno inizia il Decennio delle Scienze del Mare per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile, un'occasione per guardare al futuro del pianeta blu.

Listen to NS Rajappan who is making a difference in Kerala through his work in making our environment better. - ജൂൺ അഞ്ച് പരിസ്ഥിതി ദിനമായിരുന്നു. കേരളത്തിലെ മാധ്യമങ്ങളിൽ ഏറ്റവും ചർച്ചയായത് വേമ്പനാട് കായലിൽ കുപ്പികൾ പെറുക്കി ഉപജീവനം നടത്തുന്ന രാജപ്പൻ ചേട്ടനാണ്. ജന്മനാ രണ്ടു കാലിനും സ്വാധീനമില്ലാത്ത രാജപ്പൻ ചേട്ടൻ പതിനഞ്ചു വർഷമായി വേമ്പനാട് കായലിൽ കുപ്പികൾ പെറുക്കുന്നു. രാജ്യാന്തര തലത്തിൽ ഇപ്പോൾ രാജപ്പൻ ചേട്ടൻ ശ്രദ്ധ നേടിയിരിക്കുകയാണ്. എൻ എസ് രാജപ്പൻ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കഥ എസ്‌ ബി എസ് മലയാളത്തോട് പങ്കുവച്ചു. അത് കേൾക്കാം മുകളിലെ പ്ലെയറിൽ നിന്ന്.

Rund 700 Pflanzenarten weltweit ziehen – wie eine Pumpe – Metall aus der Erde. Sie können seltene Metalle liefern und Böden von Schwermetallresten befreien. Ein Forscher in Australien ist einer der Vordenker des sogenannten Phytominings. Meine Kollegin Barbara Barkhausen hat nachgeforscht und erklärt meinem Kollegen Adrian Plitzco, wie die Technologie unsere Zukunft prägen könnte.

Mu gihe isi giye guhimbaza umusi wahariwe ibidukikije, umwe wese aterwakamo ko kwitwararika ibidukikije gutyo tubashe kubikingira ngo umwe wese azosige umurage mwiza.

У Србији је по истеку 2020. године заштићено укупно 471 природно добро.

За разлику од Суботице и Крагујевца Нови Сад, Ниш а највише Београд испуштају у реке енормне количине непречишћене отпадне воде која садржи високе концентрације органског загађења, али је главни град Србије кренуо у решавање тог проблема.

Министри заштите животне средине Групе седам сагласили су да испуне климатске циљеве у складу са ограничењем пораста глобалних температура на 1,5 степен Целзијусa и да зауставе директно финансирање електрана на угаљ у сиромашнијим земљама до краја 2021. године. Истовремено Аустралија се суочава са критикама због одбијања постављања амбициознијих циљева о сузбијању штетних емисија.

درختان ریه های زمین هستند – نیازی به گفتن نیست که آنها مقادیر زیادی از دی اکسید کربن موجود در محیط را جذب و آن را محصور می کنند. اما تحقیقات جدید نشان می دهد که درختان می توانند گاز متان هم تولید کنند. هرچند که در حال حاضر میزان دقیق آن هنوز مشخص نشده است.

L'Honduras, piccolo stato del centro America, è particolarmente sensibile agli effetti dei cambiamenti climatici. Qui l'ONG Rete è impegnata in progetti ambientali e di agroecologia.

Tra 30 anni il caffè potrebbe diventare un bene di lusso: le aree adatte alla coltivazione della pianta del caffè potrebbero dimezzarsi da qui al 2050 a causa del cambiamento climatico.

Il South Australia è il primo stato in Australia ad avere introdotto il bando della plastica monouso. Nel 2009 fu il primo a rinunciare alle borse di plastica al supermercato, una misura introdotta dal New South Wales solo 11 anni dopo.

"الصادرات الأسترالية ستكون أقل جاذبية، وقطاع تعدين الفحم الأكثر تضررا": الخبير الأقتصادي الدكتور عبدالله العجلان يشرح أبرز التداعيات المحتملة لخطة الأتحاد الأوروبي بشان خفض الإنبعاثات الكربونية، على الاقتصاد الأسترالي.

Peter Kareiva, Institute Director and Pritzker Distinguished Professor in Environment & Sustainability, joined Iliza to answer all of your environmental questions and provide concrete information surrounding this complicated topic.