Podcasts about antigenic

China is experiencing a relatively high rate of influenza, though it is lower than the same period last year and is expected to decrease, according to the National Health Commission on Sunday. Vaccines and treatments remain effective, the commission added.1月12日，国家卫生健康委表示，中国近期处于流感相对高发期，但相较于去年同期已有所下降，且预计将继续降低。卫健委还补充说，疫苗和治疗对当前流感仍然有效。"The main cause of the recent increase in acute respiratory infection visits to medical institutions is influenza, as shown by monitoring results," said Wang Liping, a researcher at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, during a news conference held by the health commission.国家卫生健康委新闻发布会上，中国疾控中心研究员王丽萍表示：“监测结果显示，流感是近期医疗机构急性呼吸道感染患者就诊量上升的主要原因。”"With the imminent closure of primary and middle schools (for the upcoming holiday), influenza activity is expected to decline in the middle and latter part of the month," Wang said.王丽萍说：“随着各地中小学（因即将到来的假期）临近停课，预计本月中下旬流感活动水平将有所下降。”Although various respiratory infections alternate or overlap in prevalence, all the current pathogens are known, including human metapneumovirus, which has existed for decades. No new infectious diseases have been identified, the researcher added.尽管当前呈现多种呼吸道传染病交替或叠加流行态势，但均是已知病原体，包括已存在数十年的人偏肺病毒。研究员还补充道，未出现新发传染病。The current dominant strain of influenza is the H1N1 subtype. Antigenic analysis of this strain indicates a good match with this year's influenza vaccine, confirming the effectiveness of vaccination, according to Wang.当前流行的优势株是甲型H1N1亚型。王丽萍表示，对该毒株的抗原性分析显示其与今年流感疫苗株匹配度良好，表明疫苗接种有效。Wang recommended that everyone over 6 months old without vaccine contraindications, such as allergies to vaccine components, receive an annual flu vaccine. For those who have not yet received this year's flu shot, it remains beneficial to get it. The vaccine provides protection throughout the flu season, reduces the risk of infection, lessens the severity of illness if infected and decreases the likelihood of complications.王丽萍建议，所有6月龄以上的人群，没有疫苗接种禁忌（如对疫苗成分过敏），应每年接种流感疫苗。对于今年尚未接种流感疫苗的人来说，现在接种仍然有益。疫苗在整个流感季都具有保护作用，降低感染流感病毒的风险，减轻感染发病后症状的严重程度，减少并发症的发生。Current analyses show that the prevalent influenza virus is sensitive to antiviral medications, indicating that drug treatments are effective.当前分析显示，目前流行的流感病毒对抗病毒药物敏感，表明药物治疗有效。Most people typically recover from influenza within one to two weeks. However, individuals experiencing symptoms such as high fever, severe cough, difficulty breathing, altered mental state or severe vomiting and diarrhea should seek immediate medical attention, Wang emphasized.大多数流感患者通常1到2周可以康复。然而，王丽萍强调，如果出现高热、剧烈咳嗽、呼吸困难、神志改变、严重呕吐和腹泻等症状应立即就医。Xu Baoping, chief physician at Beijing Children's Hospital, advised that children with a fever but who are otherwise in good spirits and eating and sleeping normally can be observed and treated at home. However, if high fever persists along with lethargy, rapid or labored breathing, severe vomiting or convulsions, parents should consult a doctor promptly.北京儿童医院主任医师徐保平建议，如果儿童发热但精神状态良好，进食和睡眠正常，可以在家中观察和治疗。然而，如果儿童出现高热不退，并伴有嗜睡、呼吸急促或困难、严重呕吐或抽搐，家长应立即带其就医。With the upcoming 2025 Spring Festival travel rush and expected gatherings, travelers should prepare masks, disinfectant wipes and hand sanitizers, Wang said. Elderly individuals and those with chronic illnesses are encouraged to get vaccinated against COVID-19, influenza and pneumococcal disease.王丽萍表示，随着2025年春节出行高峰的临近以及聚集性活动的增多，旅客应备好口罩、消毒湿巾、免洗手消毒液。建议老年人、慢性病患者积极接种新冠、流感、肺炎球菌疫苗。During travel, wear masks correctly, avoid touching your face and sanitize your hands after touching public facilities. Upon arrival, change clothes and wash your hands and face immediately. If respiratory symptoms develop, stay home and avoid group activities, Wang advised.王丽萍建议，旅途中，应正确佩戴口罩，避免用手触摸面部，接触公共设施后要消毒双手；抵达目的地后，应立即更换衣物并洗手、清洗面部。如果出现呼吸道感染症状，应居家休息，避免参加聚集性活动。respiratoryadj.呼吸的alternatev.轮流，交替lethargyn.没精打采，懒散

Chad and Mike delve into disease and vaccinations and consider the role of B cells. When are new B cells produced and when do older ones ramp up production of antibodies?Follow us on social media to see short reels of interesting science!

In this part 2 episode, we dive into the pathology and symptoms of Babesiosis, exploring how the Babesia parasite infects red blood cells and evades the immune system. We discuss various labs and biomarkers to look out for. We then address various treatment protocols featuring anti-malarials including herbal supplements such as artemisinin and cryptolepis, and proteolytic enzymes like lumbrokinase and nattokinase. Additionally, we cover the use of methylene blue and its impact on Babesia parasites. Topics: 1. Introduction - Brief overview of Babesiosis and previous discussion - Overview of Babesia infection and its impact on red blood cells (RBCs) 2. Pathology of Babesiosis - Infection and multiplication within RBCs - Mechanisms of immune evasion - Expression of specific proteins on RBC surface - Adherence to capillary endothelial cells - Avoidance of spleen clearance - Antigenic variation and immune system evasion 3. Symptoms of Babesiosis - Air hunger - High fever - Severe fatigue - Muscle and joint pain - Persistent headaches - Jaundice - Dark urine - Organ failure (in severe cases) 4. Labs and Markers for Babesiosis - Hematological markers - Hemolytic anemia - Thrombocytopenia - Leukopenia - Hemoglobinuria - Hyperbilirubinemia - Elevated LDH levels - Reticulocytosis - Other markers - High C4a levels - Low CD57 count 5. Protocols - Importance of medical supervision and potential Herxheimer reaction - Overview of treatment approaches 6. Anti-Malarial Protocols for Babesiosis - Prescription Medications - Mepron (Atovaquone), Mechanism of action: inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain. - Azithromycin, Mechanism of action: blocking protein synthesis. - Herbal Approaches for Babesiosis - Artemisinin: Derived from sweet wormwood plant. Mechanism of action: production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). - Cryptolepis: Bioactive compound is Cryptolepine, Mechanism of action: disruption of DNA synthesis. 7. Proteolytic Enzymes - Lumbrokinase - Nattokinase 8. Methylene Blue - Synthetic dye - Mechanism of action: disrupting mitochondrial function and generating ROS within Babesia - Administration methods and effects 9. Conclusion - Recap of supplements and treatments discussed - Emphasis on individualized treatment plans, bioindividuality, and working with a medical physician Thank you to our episode sponsor: ⁠Liver Medic⁠ Use code Chloe20 to save 20% on ⁠⁠"Leaky Gut Repair"⁠⁠ ⁠⁠Brendan's YouTube Channel⁠⁠ ⁠⁠https://x.com/livermedic⁠⁠ Thanks for tuning in! Get Chloe's Book Today! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠" If you liked this episode, please leave a rating and review or share it to your stories over on Instagram. If you tag @synthesisofwellness, Chloe would love to personally thank you for listening! Follow Chloe on Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠synthesisofwellness.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! Or visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠linktr.ee/synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to see all of Chloe's links, schedule a BioPhotonic Scanner consult with Chloe, or support the show! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support

In this episode, we explore the intricacies of Babesia and Babesiosis, exploring how this protozoan parasite infects red blood cells and evades the immune system. We discuss the various pathological effects of the infection, including impaired blood flow, tissue ischemia, and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. Additionally, we cover common symptoms, relevant bloodwork indicators, and an overview of anti-malarial herbs/supplements and other strategies often employed in cases of Babesia. Topics: Introduction Recap of previous discussions on Lyme disease and mold Overview of chronic inflammatory response syndrome (CIRS) or biotoxin illness protocols Introduction to the current topic: Babesia and Babesiosis Overview of Babesiosis Definition and cause of Babesiosis Explanation of protozoan parasites Transmission method: tick bites Broad overview of Babesia infection process Babesia Infection Process Entry into the bloodstream via tick bite Infection and multiplication in red blood cells (RBCs) Hemolytic event: rupture of RBCs and hemolytic anemia Babesia's Evasion Mechanisms Avoidance of immune detection and spleen clearance Expression of parasite-encoded proteins on infected RBCs (iRBCs) Adherence to capillary endothelial cells in internal organs Capillary blockage and tissue damage Antigenic variation: changing surface proteins to evade antibodies Pathological Effects of Babesia Impaired blood flow and tissue ischemia Local inflammatory responses Multi-organ dysfunction syndrome Symptoms of Babesiosis Air hunger and low oxygen levels Common symptoms: fever, fatigue, muscle and joint pain, headaches, jaundice, dark urine, nausea, abdominal pain Severe symptoms: organ failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), splenomegaly, low blood pressure and shock Bloodwork Indicators for Babesiosis Diagnostic tests: FISH test Hematological markers: hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemoglobinuria, hyperbilirubinemia, elevated LDH, reticulocytosis Complement protein C4A and CD57 count Strategies for Babesiosis Importance of working with licensed medical professionals Mention of standard herbs and treatments Anti-malarials (mepron, artemisinin, cryptolepis), antibiotics (azithromycin), methylene blue, lumbrokinase Thank you to our episode sponsor: Liver Medic Use code Chloe20 to save 20% on ⁠"Leaky Gut Repair"⁠ ⁠Brendan's YouTube Channel⁠ ⁠https://x.com/livermedic⁠ Thanks for tuning in! Get Chloe's Book Today! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠" If you liked this episode, please leave a rating and review or share it to your stories over on Instagram. If you tag @synthesisofwellness, Chloe would love to personally thank you for listening! Follow Chloe on Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠synthesisofwellness.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! Or visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠linktr.ee/synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to see all of Chloe's links, schedule a BioPhotonic Scanner consult with Chloe, or support the show! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support

Dr. Paul Alexander Liberty Hour – Suddenly, we have this flurry of research papers showing immune evasion from BQ and XBB sub-variants/clades. It is clear. The booster has failed. Yet we warned them, McCullough, Vanden Bossche, Risch, Yeadon, Tenenbaum, Oskoui, Ladapo, Cole, myself, etc. What did we know that they did not?

Egbert F. Smit, MD, PhD - Novel Antigenic Targets for Antibody-Drug Conjugates in NSCLC

Egbert F. Smit, MD, PhD - Novel Antigenic Targets for Antibody-Drug Conjugates in NSCLC

Egbert F. Smit, MD, PhD - Novel Antigenic Targets for Antibody-Drug Conjugates in NSCLC

Egbert F. Smit, MD, PhD - Novel Antigenic Targets for Antibody-Drug Conjugates in NSCLC

Egbert F. Smit, MD, PhD - Novel Antigenic Targets for Antibody-Drug Conjugates in NSCLC

Egbert F. Smit, MD, PhD - Novel Antigenic Targets for Antibody-Drug Conjugates in NSCLC

Today, in episode 644 our expert Infectious Disease Doctor and Community Health Specialist discuss what you need to know about Public Health. We talk about why synthetic opioids like Fentanyl are so dangerous, as well as discuss COVID-19's original antigenic “sin”. As always, join us for all the Public Health information you need, explained clearly by our health experts. Website: NoiseFilter - Complex health topics explained simply (noisefiltershow.com) Animations: NoiseFilter - YouTube Instagram: NoiseFilter (@noisefiltershow) • Instagram photos and videos Facebook: NoiseFilter Show | Facebook TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@noisefiltershow --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/noisefilter/message

Today, in episode 630 our expert Infectious Disease Doctor and Community Health Specialist discuss what you need to know about Public Health. We provide listeners with information on what some refer to as COVID-19's original antigenic sin, as well as how invasive grass species are causing devastating wildfires. As always, join us for all the Public Health information you need, explained clearly by our health experts. Website: NoiseFilter - Complex health topics explained simply (noisefiltershow.com) Animations: NoiseFilter - YouTube Instagram: NoiseFilter (@noisefiltershow) • Instagram photos and videos Facebook: NoiseFilter Show | Facebook TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@noisefiltershow --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/noisefilter/message

The fall Covid-19 booster campaign will be upon us soon and how well the new Omicron-specific boosters will work may depend on a phenomenon called “original antigenic sin.”  Since people have been infected, vaccinated, and boosted, people's immune systems are on different playing fields and your first exposure may play a bigger part in future immune responses.  Carolyn Johnson, science reporter at the Washington Post, joins us for what to know.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Omicron-specific COVID boosters are coming to the US soon. How much of a difference will they make to immunity? Well, it's complicated. Plus, NASA says Artemis I is go for launch. Here's everything to know about the big event on Monday. And MoviePass is officially coming back from the dead next month.Sponsors:Shopify, Get a 14-day free trial at shopify.com/coolIndeed, Get a free $75 credit PLUS earn up to $500 extra in sponsored job credits with Indeed's Virtual Interviews at Indeed.com/goodnewsLinks:Omicron-specific Covid booster shots are just weeks away. Here's who will—and won't—be eligible (CNBC)The U.K. approved omicron-specific booster shots. They're coming to the U.S. soon (NPR)New Covid boosters expected soon for everyone over age 12 (NBC News)Your first brush with coronavirus could affect how a fall booster works (Washington Post)NASA's Artemis 1 moon mission is 'go' for Aug. 29 launch (Space.com)NASA Sets Launch Coverage for Artemis Mega Moon Rocket, Spacecraft (NASA)Artemis I Path to the Pad: The Rocket (NASA, YouTube)Artemis Mission: A guide to Nasa's mega Moon rocket (BBC)Artemis activities for kids and teachers (NASA)Science communicator Swapna Krishna will be live tweeting the Artemis I launch (Skrishna, Twitter) MoviePass Will Relaunch on Labor Day With New Points System (Gizmodo) AMC's CEO Turned His $9 Billion Company Into a Meme Machine (Bloomberg)February episode about MoviePass's return (Cool Stuff Ride Home)Jackson Bird on TwitterSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Dr Peter A. McCullough, MD, MPH, is a board-certified cardiologist, internist, epidemiologist who has testified before committees of the US and multiple State Senates regarding the treatment of COVID-19 and management of the ongoing pandemic. He has been in practice for over 40 years as an active treating physician combined with a decorative academic career that has placed him the most published cardiologist of all time. Join us as we explore:If it is safe to vaccinate your children The very real risk of myocarditis If you can get C-19 twice, why vaccinating post-COVID infection is dangerous, a huge amount of false + cases, C-19's mass psychosis The overwhelming evidence natural immunity is “complete, robust and durable” and “infinitely” superior to vaccinationMENTIONS:Avolio, E., et al. (2021). The SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein disrupts human cardiac pericytes function through CD147 receptor-mediated signalling: a potential non-infective mechanism of COVID-19 microvascular disease. Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 135(24), 2667–2689. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20210735 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination-Associated Myocarditis in Children Ages 12-17: A Stratified National Database Analysis. Tracy Beth Høeg, et al.medRxiv 2021.08.30.21262866; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.30.21...    Lim, Y., Kim, M. C., Kim, K. H., Jeong, I. S., Cho, Y. S., Choi, Y. D., & Lee, J. E. (2021). Case Report: Acute Fulminant Myocarditis and Cardiogenic Shock After Messenger RNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Requiring Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 8, 758996. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.758996 Choi, S., Lee, et al.  (2021). Myocarditis-induced Sudden Death after BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination in Korea: Case Report Focusing on Histopathological Findings. Journal of Korean medical science, 36(40), e286. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2021.36....Professor Mattias Desmet https://www.ugent.be/psync/en/who/des...Shedding of Infectious SARS-CoV-2 Despite VaccinationKasen et al. medRxiv 2021.07.31.21261387; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.31.21... 141 Studies Showing Natural Immunity (up from 128)https://brownstone.org/articles/79-re... https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2021... “Risks of Vaccines for Those Recovered from COVID-19 – Krammer, Raw & Mathioudakis”https://www.americaoutloud.com/risks-...  Cohn, B. A., et al (2021). SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protection and deaths among US veterans during 2021. Science (New York, N.Y.), eabm0620. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm0620Effectiveness of heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and mRNA prime-boost vaccination against symptomatic Covid-19 infection in Sweden: A nationwide cohort study. Peter Nordström, et al. The Lancet Regional Health – Europe.  December 2021. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/la...  “Failure of Vaccines and Truth Revealed”. https://www.americaoutloud.com/failur... COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among vaccinated and unvaccinated adults ≥18 years – COVID-NET, 13 states, January 1 – July 24, 2021. Fiona P. Havers, et al. medRxiv 2021.08.27.21262356; doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.27.21...Antigenic minimalism of SARS-CoV-2 is linked to surges in COVID-19 community transmission and vaccine breakthrough infections. A.J. Venkatakrishnan, et al. medRxiv 2021.05.23.21257668; doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.23.21...Kostoff, R. N., et al. (2021). Why are we vaccinating children against COVID-19?. Toxicology reports, 8, 1665–1684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2021...Disclaimer policy for all of our videos. https://madetothrive.co.za/terms-and-...

"No one has been given or will be required to have a vaccine passport"—Nadhim Zahawi We are joined once again by Rev Phill Sacre—an ordained minister in the Church of England and host of the YouTube channel "Sacred Musings : Making Sense of the World from a Christian Perspective"—for a second conversation on the theme of "COVID and the Churches". In the previous conversation—TMR 267 (Part One)—we discussed the relationship between the UK churches (by and large) and the state during the so-called "pandemic", and asked to what extent the churches have been willing to critique (with reference to Scripture) the seemingly endless stream of diktats issuing from government. In this second conversation we venture into more controversial territory and discuss issues relating to the churches and Vaccine Passports, COVID-19 vaccination policy, and the perennial question: Is this the End? [Please note that nothing said in this interview should be understood as medical advice in any way.] "Phill is a Christian minister. He is ordained in the Church of England and serves on a part-time basis in a parish on the Essex coast. The remainder of his time he devotes to his online ministries: Understand the Bible and Sacred Musings : Making Sense of the World from a Christian Perspective (on YouTube)." [Podcast theme music by Antony Raijekov (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).] For show notes please visit https://themindrenewed.com

"No one has been given or will be required to have a vaccine passport"—Nadhim Zahawi We are joined once again by Rev Phill Sacre—an ordained minister in the Church of England and host of the YouTube channel "Sacred Musings : Making Sense of the World from a Christian Perspective"—for a second conversation on the theme of "COVID and the Churches". In the previous conversation—TMR 267 (Part One)—we discussed the relationship between the UK churches (by and large) and the state during the so-called "pandemic", and asked to what extent the churches have been willing to critique (with reference to Scripture) the seemingly endless stream of diktats issuing from government. In this second conversation we venture into more controversial territory and discuss issues relating to the churches and Vaccine Passports, COVID-19 vaccination policy, and the perennial question: Is this the End? [Please note that nothing said in this interview should be understood as medical advice in any way.] "Phill is a Christian minister. He is ordained in the Church of England and serves on a part-time basis in a parish on the Essex coast. The remainder of his time he devotes to his online ministries: Understand the Bible and Sacred Musings : Making Sense of the World from a Christian Perspective (on YouTube)." [Podcast theme music by Antony Raijekov (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).] For show notes please visit https://themindrenewed.com

Antigenic Imprinting and Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) Dr. Tom Roselle, DC discusses antigenic imprinting and antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE.) Antigenic imprinting, also known as original antigenic sin (OAS), or the Hoskins effect, refers to the inclination of the body’s immune system to preferentially utilize immunological memory based on a previous infection when a second slightly different version […]

One way influenza viruses change is called “antigenic drift.” These are small changes (or mutations) in the genes of viruses that can lead to changes in the surface proteins of the virus. The surface proteins of influenza viruses are “antigens,” which means they are recognized by the immune system and are capable of triggering an immune response, including production of antibodies that can block infection. The changes associated with antigenic drift happen continually over time as the virus replicates. Antigenic drift is the main reason why people can get a viral infection from a similar virus (like the flu) more than one time.The other type of change is called “antigenic shift.” Antigenic shift is an abrupt, major change in virus, resulting in new surface proteins in the viruses that infect humans. Shift can result in a new Viral subtype in humans. One way shift can happen is when an influenza virus from an animal population gains the ability to infect humans. When shift happens, most people have little or no immunity against the new virus. Dr. Fred Clary, founder of Functional Analysis Chiropractic Technique and lifting/life coach/ gym-chalk covered philosopher asks you to consider that virus are co-adapting with its host (US!)  None of these facts are in the media or spoken by our so called leaders.   We should be studying the strong and healthy and follow their example.

News - Ian - seriously, BC, now? https://www.google.ca/amp/s/www.cbc.ca/amp/1.5968334 Ontario, not to be out-done. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/covid-19-ontario-shutdown-hospital-intensive-care-icu-patients-1.5969831 Liberals endorse UBI at policy conference https://www.google.ca/amp/s/www.cbc.ca/amp/1.5982862 Alan - https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/at-ndp-convention-a-new-wealth-taxes-on-millionaires-and-a-20-minimum-wage-gain-favour   Deal of the Week 30% off Solar hand crank radio at cabelas  https://www.cabelas.ca/product/87883/midland-er210-emergency-amfmwx-radio?productVariantId=252997   Terry - My books can be found on Amazon worldwide. Type in my name or the title of the books and you can find me. https://www.amazon.ca/Antigenic-Shift-Book-1-Pandemic-ebook/dp/B07D4Z3PBK/ref=sr_1_4?dchild=1&keywords=terry+blackmore&qid=1617128007&sr=8-4   I am self published and do my marketing on FaceBook. You can find my Authors Page @ Terry L Blackmore Author You can email me at terrylblackmore@hotmail.com If you enjoyed my books, please, please leave a review on Amazon, Good reads and my Facebook page. Reviews are critical for a new author on Amazon. The more reviews the more visibility I have.  Another Canadian author: Chris McGarry https://www.chrismcgarryauthor.com/books/  

  News - Ian - https://www.missioncityrecord.com/news/video-burns-lake-man-grabs-lynx-by-scruff-after-chickens-attacked/ Canada’s most dangerous cities https://www.macleans.ca/canadas-most-dangerous-places-2020/ Eric -  Failing Grade On Emergency Preparedness  https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/opinion/editorials/failing-grade-on-emergency-preparedness-573871542.html Winnipeg 2016 B+ 2021 gets D grade for flood preparedness Sequel  “Daunting days of winter”   PODCAST CHALLENGE Ian - Next Month’s book - Antigenic shift - Terry Blackmore   https://www.amazon.ca/Antigenic-Shift-Book-1-Pandemic-ebook/dp/B07D4Z3PBK

Show Notes No Agenda Episode 1306 - "Antigenic Drift" "Antigenic Drift" Direct [link] to the mp3 file ShowNotes Archive of links and Assets (clips etc) 1306.noagendanotes.com Sign Up for the newsletter Archive of Shownotes (includes all audio and video assets used) archive.noagendanotes.com The No Agenda News Network- noagendanewsnetwork.com RSS Podcast Feed Experimental IPFS RSS Feed Get the No Agenda News App for your iPhone and iPad Get the NoAgendDroid app for your Android Phone Torrents of each episode via BitLove document.write("Last Modified " + document.lastModified)This page created with the FreedomController Credits "Antigenic Drift" Executive Producers: Sir Onymous of Dogpatch and Lower Slobbovia Cameron Dodd Gardner Quarton Tony Cabrera Sir Donald of the Firebottles, Count of Eastern WA Sir Mike of Maquoketa Knight all Tradition Sir Spike Fork, the Wandering Knight Sir B of the New Republic of Florexas Dame Brittany of the Swamps Sir Babulluci Andrew Panebianco Zachary Childers David Michael Beechwood Paul Hooper Sircuss Media Bruce Wayne Fitzgerald Jacob Kitson Jason Mageau Josef Theiler Associate Executive Producers: Sir Ty of God's Flat Earth & Bear-taria Dame Anne of Grayrock Sir Realist in Foolfooters Realm Dan Pinkerton Robert Brousseau Lyndee Pfaffenbach Francisco Becerra Stacy DeHart Michelle Cox Gummy Nerds Viscount of the Trollroom 1306 Club Member: Cameron Dodd Become a member of the 1307 Club, support the show here Knights & Dames Heather Krause -> Dame Atomic Ginger of Caprock Brittany Trusgnich (Truz-nick) -> Dame Brittany of the Swamps Bablucci - Sir Babulluci M00se -> Sir Spike Fork, The Wandering Knight Tyler Stewart -> Sir Ty of God's Flat Earth & Beartaria Brian Martin -> Sir B of the New Republic of Florexas Frouke's Husband Mark Worst -> Sir Realist in Foolfooters Realm Dan Pinkerton -> Sir Softail, Knight of the Southwest Sunsets Mike of Maquoketta -> Knight of the blessed Vrigin Mary Ivo Welten -> Sir Ivo, Knight of 'De Veluwezoom Art By: Mountain Jay End of Show Mixes: Sir Seat Sitter - Jesse Coy Nelson - Greg Dalbey Engineering, Stream Management & Wizardry Mark van Dijk - Systems Master Ryan Bemrose - Program Director NEW: and soon on Netflix: Animated No Agenda Sign Up for the newsletter ShowNotes Archive of links and Assets (clips etc) 1306.noagendanotes.com New: Directory Archive of Shownotes (includes all audio and video assets used) archive.noagendanotes.com RSS Podcast Feed Get the No Agenda News App for your iPhone and iPad Get the NoAgendDroid app for your Android Phone No Agenda Lite in opus format NoAgendaTorrents.com has an RSS feed or show torrents document.write("Last Modified " + document.lastModified)This page created with the FreedomController 19191 Keywords

S.H. Lee - Evaluation Of The Antigenic Relatedness by European Commission for the Control of FMD

The COVID-19 pandemic laid bare the racial health disparities in the United States, with markedly increased mortality especially among Blacks and Native Americans. In this episode, Tony Breu and I discuss the conception of race, racism, and the social determinants of health through three historic plagues in the United States -- from yellow fever in New Orleans, to poliomyelitis, and finally the early days of HIV/AIDS -- and what lessons we can draw for COVID-19. Along the way, we’ll discuss the unique social capital afforded by acclimation, immunity passports, the concept of the “original antigenic sin,” and constitutionalism and eugenics. This presentation was performed live at the annual meeting of the Massachusetts American College of Physicians, and is only lightly edited.   SOURCES:   Monath TP, Yellow fever: an update. Lancet Infect Dis. 2001 Aug;1(1):11-20. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(01)00016-0. Kallas EG, D'Elia Zanella LGFAB, Moreira CHV, Buccheri R, Diniz GBF, Castiñeiras ACP, Costa PR, Dias JZC, Marmorato MP, Song ATW, Maestri A, Borges IC, Joelsons D, Cerqueira NB, Santiago E Souza NC, Morales Claro I, Sabino EC, Levi JE, Avelino-Silva VI, Ho YL. Predictors of mortality in patients with yellow fever: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Jul;19(7):750-758. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30125-2. Epub 2019 May 16. Erratum in: Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Nov;19(11):e370. PMID: 31104909. Blake LE, Garcia-Blanco MA. Human genetic variation and yellow fever mortality during 19th century U.S. epidemics. mBio. 2014 Jun 3;5(3):e01253-14. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01253-14. PMID: 24895309; PMCID: PMC4049105. Jelili Ojodu, MPH1, Mary M. Hulihan, MPH2, Shammara N. Pope, MPH2, Althea M. Grant, PhD2,, MMWR, Incidence of Sickle Cell Trait — United States, 2010. IthaMaps, Haemoglobin Epidemiology. https://www.ithanet.eu/db/ithamaps?country=GR Serjeant GR, The natural history of sickle cell disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2013 Oct; 3(10): a011783. Hamosh A, FitzSimmons SC, Macek M Jr, Knowles MR, Rosenstein BJ, Cutting GR. Comparison of the clinical manifestations of cystic fibrosis in black and white patients. J Pediatr. 1998 Feb;132(2):255-9. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(98)70441-x. PMID: 9506637. Gershman KD et al, Yellow Fever Vaccine & Malaria Prophylaxis Information, by Country. CDC.  Kofler N and Baylis F, Ten reasons why immunity passports are a bad idea. Nature 21 May 2020. NASEM, National Academies Release Framework for Equitable Allocation of a COVID-19 Vaccine for Adoption by HHS, State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Authorities. Schmidt H et al, Covid-19: how to prioritize worse-off populations in allocating safe and effective vaccines.BMJ 2020; 371 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3795 (Published 05 October 2020). Siegal FP, Lopez C, Hammer GS, Brown AE, Kornfeld SJ, Gold J, Hassett J, Hirschman SZ, Cunningham-Rundles C, Adelsberg BR, et al. Severe acquired immunodeficiency in male homosexuals, manifested by chronic perianal ulcerative herpes simplex lesions. N Engl J Med. 1981 Dec 10;305(24):1439-44. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198112103052403. PMID: 6272110. Lushniak BD, Surgeon General’s Perspectives. Public Health Rep. 2014 Mar-Apr; 129(2): 112–114. Booske BC et al, “Different Perspectives For Assigning Weights to Determinants of Health,” University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute.  Marc LG et al,HIV among Haitian-born persons in the United States, 1985–2007, AIDS. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 Aug 24. Rogers N, Race and the Politics of Polio: Warm Springs, Tuskegee, and the March of Dimes. Am J Public Health. 2007 May; 97(5): 784–795. Curran JW and Jaffe HW, AIDS: the Early Years and CDC’s Response. MMWR. Olivarius Kathryn, Immunity, Capital, and Power in Antebellum New Orleans. The American Historical Review, Volume 124, Issue 2, April 2019, Pages 425–455,

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.22.349720v1?rss=1 Authors: Cornejo-Granados, F., Kohl, T. A., Sotomayor, F. V., Andres, S., Hernandez-Pando, R., Hurtado-Ramirez, J. M., Utpatel, C., Niemann, S., Maurer, F. P., Ochoa-Leyva, A. Abstract: Mycobacterium abscessus (MAB) is a widely disseminated pathogenic non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM). Like with M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC), excreted / secreted (ES) proteins play an essential role for its virulence and survival inside the host. ES proteins contain highly immunogenic proteins, which are of interest for novel diagnostic assays and vaccines. Here, we used a robust bioinformatics pipeline to predict the secretome of the M. abscessus ATCC 19977 reference strain and fifteen clinical isolates belonging to all three MAB subspecies, M. abscessus subsp. abscessus, M. abscessus subsp. bolletii, and M. abscessus subsp. massiliense. We found that ~18% of the proteins encoded in the MAB genomes were predicted as secreted and that the three MAB subspecies shared > 85 % of the predicted secretomes. MAB isolates with a rough (R) colony morphotype showed larger predicted secretomes than isolates with a smooth (S) morphotype. Additionally, proteins exclusive to the secretomes of MAB R variants had higher antigenic densities than those exclusive to S variants, independently of the subspecies. For all investigated isolates, ES proteins had a significantly higher antigenic density than non-ES proteins. We identified 337 MAB ES proteins with homologues in previously investigated M. tuberculosis secretomes. Among these, 222 have previous experimental support of secretion, and some proteins showed homology with protein drug targets reported in the DrugBank database. The predicted MAB secretomes showed a higher abundance of proteins related to quorum-sensing and Mce domains as compared to MTBC indicating the importance of these pathways for MAB pathogenicity and virulence. Comparison of the predicted secretome of M. abscessus ATCC 19977 with the list of essential genes revealed that 99 secreted proteins corresponded to essential proteins required for in vitro growth. All predicted secretomes were deposited in the Secret-AAR web-server (http://microbiomics.ibt.unam.mx/tools/aar/index.php). Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.07.238279v1?rss=1 Authors: Zeller, M. A., Gauger, P. C., Arendsee, Z. W., Souza, C. K., Vincent, A. L., Anderson, T. K. Abstract: The antigenic diversity of influenza A virus (IAV) circulating in swine challenges the development of effective vaccines, increasing zoonotic threat and pandemic potential. High throughput sequencing technologies are able to quantify IAV genetic diversity, but there are no accurate approaches to adequately describe antigenic phenotypes. This study evaluated an ensemble of non-linear regression models to estimate virus phenotype from genotype. Regression models were trained with a phenotypic dataset of pairwise hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays, using genetic sequence identity and pairwise amino acid mutations as predictor features. The model identified amino acid identity, ranked the relative importance of mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, and demonstrated good prediction accuracy. Four previously untested IAV strains were selected to experimentally validate model predictions by HI assays. Error between predicted and measured distances of uncharacterized strains were 0.34, 0.70, 2.19, and 0.17 antigenic units. These empirically trained regression models can be used to estimate antigenic distances between different strains of IAV in swine using sequence data. By ranking the importance of mutations in the HA, we provide criteria for identifying antigenically advanced IAV strains that may not be controlled by existing vaccines and can inform strain updates to vaccines to better control this pathogen. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

The Altons are happy to welcome author Terry Blackmore of the Pandemic Series, the first book of which (called "Antigenic Shift") is receiving good notices. Unlike most post-apocalyptic fiction, "Antigenic Shift" is set in Canada! Also, if we didn’t have enough reasons TO social distance as it is, now we have rioting in dozens of major cities, makes you want to live outside the city, or maybe outside the planet might be safer. Well, if you live in Minneapolis, interesting things are going on there, like the majority of the city council wanting to dismantle the police department. Interesting to know that the majority is a veto-proof majority, even if the mayor is against it and vetoes it, he can be voted down. Mayors in LA and NYC are also cutting band funding for police departments. Great idea? Good idea? Terrible idea? In COVID news, the country of new zealand has declared that its last case of coronavirus has recovered, making it the first country to have no active COVID cases and declare the pandemic in the country to be over.  The nation of 5 million is opening sports stadiums, scheduling concerts, weddings, retail commerce, and hospitality without restrictions.  Plus, Choloquines have been controversial since the moment they were mentioned by President Trump, with some studies reporting positive effects and others declaring the drug family downright dangerous. Now, some negative studies are being retracted, including one in the prestigious British medical journal "The Lancet". What's the deal? Dr. Joe Alton gives his thoughts. All this and more in the latest Survival Medicine Podcast with Joe Alton MD and Amy Alton ARNP Wishing you the best of health in good times or bad, The Altons Fill those holes in your medical supplies with kits and individual items from store.doomandbloom.net

The Altons are happy to welcome author Terry Blackmore of the Pandemic Series, the first book of which (called "Antigenic Shift") is receiving good notices. Unlike most post-apocalyptic fiction, "Antigenic Shift" is set in Canada! Also, if we didn’t have enough reasons TO social distance as it is, now we have rioting in dozens of major cities, makes you want to live outside the city, or maybe outside the planet might be safer. Well, if you live in Minneapolis, interesting things are going on there, like the majority of the city council wanting to dismantle the police department. Interesting to know that the majority is a veto-proof majority, even if the mayor is against it and vetoes it, he can be voted down. Mayors in LA and NYC are also cutting band funding for police departments. Great idea? Good idea? Terrible idea? In COVID news, the country of new zealand has declared that its last case of coronavirus has recovered, making it the first country to have no active COVID cases and declare the pandemic in the country to be over.  The nation of 5 million is opening sports stadiums, scheduling concerts, weddings, retail commerce, and hospitality without restrictions.  Plus, Choloquines have been controversial since the moment they were mentioned by President Trump, with some studies reporting positive effects and others declaring the drug family downright dangerous. Now, some negative studies are being retracted, including one in the prestigious British medical journal "The Lancet". What's the deal? Dr. Joe Alton gives his thoughts. All this and more in the latest Survival Medicine Podcast with Joe Alton MD and Amy Alton ARNP Wishing you the best of health in good times or bad, The Altons Fill those holes in your medical supplies with kits and individual items from store.doomandbloom.net

We offer transcription now! Caution, it is AI transcription so please excuse AI errors.Download here - https://bit.ly/2UcBj6iSee it on the podcast website here - https://bit.ly/3eQO8uWCan you Rate and Give us a Review in Apple Podcasts?Pandemic on Apple Podcasts to leave a review: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/pandemic-coronavirus-edition/id1501869663Please consider supporting us to help upgrade our equipment and offload our editing responsibilities:Give monthly (as little as $5 a month) on our Patreon Page -https://www.patreon.com/pandemicpodcastGive a one time gift through Venmo at @mattboettgerGive a one time gift through PayPal here: https://paypal.me/mattboettgerMatt Started a New Podcast:Check out Matt's new "Living the Real" podcast which just released this week. You can find more information on his website and please do not forgot to sign up to get information on future content as well as be notified when Living the Real is approved on Apple Podcasts.Living the Real Podcast: https://www.buzzsprout.com/1066381Sign Up To Be Notified on Future Content and When LTR is approved in the Apple Podcast directory: https://www.livingthereal.comLearn more about Matt's 3-M framework here: https://www.livingthereal.com/aboutThings Discussed on Episode:A COVID-19 vaccine has passed its first human trial. But is it the frontrunner? - https://on.natgeo.com/30bLhbZFirst human trial of potential antibody treatment for Covid-19 begins - https://cnn.it/3cwpG0rAt-Home Covid-19 Testing Arrives, With Accuracy and Access Questions - https://on.wsj.com/36XrMW7Some Countries Have Brought New Cases Down To Nearly Zero. How Did They Do It? - https://n.pr/3gVMOZyTop journal retracts study claiming masks ineffective in preventing COVID-19 spread - https://bit.ly/2AGP2vbHow medical bias against black people is shaping Covid-19 treatment and care - https://bit.ly/2U8NIZaWhat I Said When My White Friend Asked for My Black Opinion on White Privilege - https://bit.ly/2Y3ufu3Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/pandemicpodcast)

Influenza is famous for its ability to mutate and evolve but are mutations always the virus’ friend? Jesse Bloom discusses his work on influenza escape from serum through mutation and how mutations affect influenza virus function and transmission. Subscribe (free) on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Android, RSS, or by email. Also available on the ASM Podcast Network app. Julie’s Biggest Takeaways Influenza is famous for its ability to mutate and evolve through two major mechanisms: Antigenic drift occurs when a few mutations accumulate in the influenza genome and lead to seasonal changes. Antigenic shift occurs when two influenza strains recombine their genomes to form one previously unknown in human populations. Avian influenza has caused thousands of zoonotic cases, in which the virus is transmitted from birds to people. This causes serious disease but the virus doesn’t easily pass from person-to-person, limiting how many people are affected. When a zoonotic case becomes easily transmissible between people, as is suspected occurred in the 1918 influenza pandemic, the outcome can be very serious for many, many people. During antigenic drift, the virus accumulates mutations randomly throughout its genome. Mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein gene are the mutations most likely to affect the ability of antibodies to attach and block HA during viral infection of a new host cell. The circulating human H3N2 influenza A virus accumulates approximately 3-4 mutations annually within its HA gene, representing a 0.5-1% change. On average, it takes 5-7 years of these mutations accumulating until a viral strain can reinfect a previously infected person. The changes in the influenza sequence are responsible for waning immunity against the annually circulating strain. This was demonstrated when a flu strain from the 1950s was inadvertently reintroduced in the 1970s; older people who had previously been infected were protected against this exact same strain. Influenza viruses can escape from sera, which contains many different antibodies, similar to how they can escape from a single monoclonal antibody: through mutations in major antibody binding sites. However, the mutations that allow escape from one person’s serum are different from the mutations that allow escape from another person’s serum. This means the strains that escape one person’s immune system may only be able to infect those with similar immunity.   Links for This Episode MTM Listener Survey, only takes 3 minutes. Thanks! Jesse Bloom’s lab website Guns Germs and Steel by Jared Diamond Lee J.M. et al. Mapping Person-to-Person Variation in Viral Mutations that Escape Polyclonal Serum Targeting Influenza Hemagglutinin.eLife. August 2019. Xue K.S. et al. Cooperating H3N2 Influenza Virus Variants are not Detectable in Primary Clinical Samples.mSphere. January 2018. Francis Arnold at ASM Microbe:Innovation by Evolution: Bringing New Chemistry to Life Let us know what you thought about this episode by tweeting at us @ASMicrobiology or leaving a comment on facebook.com/asmfan.

From the European Congress of Virology in Rotterdam, Vincent and local co-host Ben Berkhout speak with Ron Fouchier, Rosina Girones, and Marie-Paule Kieny about their careers and their work on influenza virus, environmental virology, and developing an Ebola virus vaccine during an epidemic. Hosts: Vincent Racanielloand Ben Berkhout Guests: Ron Fouchier, Rosina Girones, and Marie-Paule Kieny Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode ECV2019 Drift of human H2N2 viruses (J Viral) Viruses in urban sewage (Sci Tot Environ) Ebola virus vaccine efficacy (Lancet) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees. Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

From the European Congress of Virology in Rotterdam, Vincent and local co-host Ben Berkhout speak with Ron Fouchier, Rosina Girones, and Marie-Paule Kieny about their careers and their work on influenza virus, environmental virology, and developing an Ebola virus vaccine during an epidemic. Hosts: Vincent Racanielloand Ben Berkhout Guests: Ron Fouchier, Rosina Girones, and Marie-Paule Kieny Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode ECV2019 Drift of human H2N2 viruses (J Viral) Viruses in urban sewage (Sci Tot Environ) Ebola virus vaccine efficacy (Lancet) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees. Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

TWiV explains the use of a neuronal cell line to study herpes simplex virus latency and reactivation, and a strategy for creating vaccines that induce antibodies against specific epitopes. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier,Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Neuronal cell line supports herpes simplex virus latency (J Virol) Protect, modify, deprotect (PNAS) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Science Picks Alan - Quabbin Reservoir Rich - Katherine Swan Ginsburg Humanism in Medicine Program; The Arnold P. Gold Foundation Brianne- UPitt Measles Simulator Dickson- James Webb Space Telescope Vincent- Nobel Prizes and Life Sciences by Erling Norrby Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees. Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

TWiV explains the use of a neuronal cell line to study herpes simplex virus latency and reactivation, and a strategy for creating vaccines that induce antibodies against specific epitopes. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier,Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Neuronal cell line supports herpes simplex virus latency (J Virol) Protect, modify, deprotect (PNAS) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Science Picks Alan - Quabbin Reservoir Rich - Katherine Swan Ginsburg Humanism in Medicine Program; The Arnold P. Gold Foundation Brianne- UPitt Measles Simulator Dickson- James Webb Space Telescope Vincent- Nobel Prizes and Life Sciences by Erling Norrby Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees. Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

The TWiPsters solve the case of the Brazilian Immigrant With Heart Problems, and describe how genome organization controls trypanosome antigenic variation. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, and Daniel Griffin Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiP. Links for this episode: Trypanosome genome organization and antigenic variation (Nature) Hero: Arthur Looss Letters read on TWiP 161 Case Study for TWiP 161 Daniel was asked to see 30 yo female from Bolivia, had to travel back during 3rd trimester. Was there for most of 3rd trimester. Child born in US, pericardial effusion, ascites, moderate PDA. Heart function is ok. Woman was healthy, no issues during pregnancy. Baby’s  white count elevated, diagnostic evaluation. It is a parasite. Send your case diagnosis, questions and comments to twip@microbe.tv Music by Ronald Jenkees

Farms affected by variant infectious bursal disease (IBD) viruses may find that currently available IBD vaccines aren’t always effective, said Daral Jackwood, PhD, professor in food animal research at Ohio State University.

Scott Hensley joins the TWiVites to review the current influenza season and presence of the virus in exhaled breath of symptomatic cases. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler Guest: Scott Hensley Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Weekly influenza surveillance (CDC) Influenza vaccination status (CDC) H3N2 glycosylation site and eggs (PNAS) Influenza virus in exhaled breath (PNAS) Geometric Defects and Icosahedral Viruses (Viruses) Image credit Letters read on TWiV 480 Weekly Science Picks Kathy - Flow Virometry Rich - Falcon Heavy Launch links:  Flight diagram; Launch including booster landing; Tesla in space; Tesla orbit; Reusable booster failures; Booster size Dickson - Next generation of weapons Alan - Ed Yong’s story on fixing gender imbalance in science reporting Vincent - CD4 Hunter iOS Android Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees. Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Prof Samuels speaks with ecancertv at EACR 2016 about her research into the genomic background of melanoma, and determination of tumourigenic drivers. She describes how oncogenes derived from tumour biopsy can reveal druggable targets and mutational events that can influence patient prognosis. She also discusses receiving of this years Pezcoller Foundation EACR Cancer Researcher Award.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler The TWiV teams reviews a MERS-coronavirus serosurvey and an outbreak in South Korea, and constraints on measles virus antigenic variation. Links for this episode Richard Elliott on TWiV 177 MERS-CoV outbreak, South Korea (ProMedMail) MERS-CoV serosurvey (Lancet Inf Dis) Biolabs in your backyard (USA Today) Constraints on measles virus antigenic variation (Cell Rep) Selection bias and bombers (John D. Cook) Virology (journal) Image credit: Cameron Moll Letters read on TWiV 340 Weekly Science Picks Dickson - Singapore Flower Dome  and Cloud ForestAlan - Rescuing biomedical researchKathy - The value of basic researchRich - Virology 60th Anniversary IssueVincent - Careers in virology: Science writing and journalism Listener Pick of the Week Pritesh - How T cells kill cancer cellsRamon - The power of herd immunity Send your virology questions and comments (email or mp3 file) to twiv@twiv.tv

Vincent, Dickson, and Daniel review new insight into antigenic variation in trypanosomes, reveal the difficult solution to the last case study, and present another mystery for your solving. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, and Daniel Griffin Links for this episode: Pinworm (CDC) Pinworm on TWiP #19 Dynamics of antigenic variation in T. brucei (Science) Image credit Letters read on TWiP 87 Contact Send your questions and comments (email or mp3 file) to twip@twiv.tv Subscribe Subscribe to TWiP (free) in iTunes, by the RSS feed or by email

On episode 61 of the podcast "This Week in Virology", Vincent and Dick muse about the symbiotic bacterium,Wolbachia, that protects flies from viral infection, the origin of 2009 influenza H1N1 virus, and the lure of original antigenic sin. Host links Vincent Racaniello and Dickson Despommier Links for this episode: Variation in antiviral protection mediated by different Wolbachia strains in Drosophila simulans Wolbachia induces resistance to RNA virus infections in Drosophila Wolbachia reduces blood-feeding success in Dengue mosquito Did 2009 H1N1 influenza come from a laboratory? Influenza original antigenic sin in mice but not in humans Dengue outbreak in Mexico (thanks Swiss compass!) Pig at Minnesota state fair infected with 2009 H1N1 (thanks Swiss compass!) Baby kissing pig (jpg) (thanks Swiss compass!)

In episode 34 of This Week in Virology, hosts Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and guest Stephen Morse discuss progressive vaccinia in a smallpox vaccinee, arsenic and influenza in mice, facemasks and flu transmission, and antigenic and genetic analyses of the new H1N1 influenza virus. Links for this episode: Progressive vaccinia in a military smallpox vaccinee Arsenic compromises the immune response to influenza in mice Facemasks prevent flu transmission in a mathematical model Serum cross-reactive antibody response to the new H1N1 influenza virus Antigenic and genetic characteristics of the new H1N1 influenza viruses Preparation of influenza virus vaccine seeds Paul Ewald on the evolution of virulence Weekly Science Picks Alan Org-Mode Vincent Human/Swine A/H1N1 Influenza Origins and Evolution Stephen The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin

Thu, 1 Jan 2009 12:00:00 +0100 https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16438/1/10_1159_000235607.pdf Hiddemann, Wolfgang; Seiler, Till

In this edition, I discuss the recent paper of Kool et al submitted to JEM, and where the authors evaluate the effect of aluminum adjuvant in antigen response. The authors found thad adjuvant mix results in the mobilization of phagocytes and monocytes to the peritoneal cavity upon i.p. injection of antigen, boosting antigen specific T cell response in the draining lymph nodes The most important observation found by authors was that inflammatory monocytes mobilized by adjuvant differentiate into matured dendritic cells and such cells are key elements in the antigen T cell response. A great reading... For reference please check the mouse lymph node localizations on this link. See you soon and have a nice listening

Viral agents isolated from 18 snakes (families Colubridae, Viperidae, and Crotalidae) showing respiratory symptoms and neuronal diseases were investigated. Identifying the isolates as paramyxoviruses showing characteristic cytopathic effect, was carried out by electronmicroscopy and RNA-PCR of two partial genes (L and F). After sequencing RNA-PCR amplicons, identical sequences were found for the reptilian paramyxoviruses (RPMV) isolated in the same outbreak from different snake species, suggesting they are not host-specific. Sequence alignment of partial L and F genes within the RPMV group revealed sequence homology of at least 79 % for nucleotides (nt), and 94 % for amino acids (aa). Further sequence alignment included the Fer-de-Lance virus (FDLV) as a RPMV representative, the established type species of the paramyxovirus family. The greatest similarity was found to the partial L gene of Sendai virus, with 56 % nt and 61% aa identity. Consequently, the RPMV form a closely related, if somewhat diverse, group, belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae. This result was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. The RPMV group formed three clusters for the L gene sequence and corresponding clusters for the F gene sequence, leaving the Sendai virus as an outgroup, which was included as a representative of the paramyxovirus family. Another phylogenetic analysis based on partial L and F protein sequences included the FDLV and the established paramyxovirus type species. In this case, the FDLV showed the closest relationship to the Sendai virus. The fusion (F) gene and protein of the reptilian paramyxovirus isolated from the snake Gonosoma oxycephala were also investigated. The sequences of the 1638 nt F gene and its 546 aa F protein were obtained and these sequences were compared to the F protein of the established paramyxovirus type species. The F protein, like its counterparts, was predicted to be glycosylated and to contain a furin cleavage site in the F1 und F2 subunit. Domains were predicted to be the signal-peptide (SP), a hydrophobic fusion peptide, two heptad repeats (HR A and HR B), a leucine zipper motif, and a transmembrane anchor (TM). To further characterize the F protein and identify antigenic determinants, an E. coli expression system and four plasmids containing four various constructs of the F gene were used: the first contained an insert with the entire gene; the second, an insert with the F gene minus the SP and TM; a third construct was inserted with the F2 subunit minus the SP; and the fourth contained an insert with the F1 subunit minus HR B and TM. To monitor expression, an anti-His tag monoclonal antibody in a Western blot (WB) was used. Antigenic epitopes were identified in WB by the use of polyclonal rabbit antiserum, raised against our isolate. No expression was detected for the first construct containing the entire F gene, but all other constructs produced proteins of the predicted molecular weights. The anti-viral rabbit serum detected only the protein encoded by the second construct, that included the predicted furin cleavage site. After treatment of this recombinant protein with furin, the antiserum reacted with only one of the fragments. The reactive fragment was identical to the fourth recombinant protein except for the inclusion of an additional 30 amino acids that contained HR B. The results indicate that HR B of the reptilian paramyxovirus F protein contains a linear antigenic epitope.

Computer simulation of the conformations of short antigenic peptides (&lo residues) either free or bound to their receptor, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)- encoded glycoprotein H-2 Ld, was employed to explain experimentally determined differences in the antigenic activities within a set of related peptides. Starting for each sequence from the most probable conformations disclosed by a pattern-recognition technique, several energyminimized structures were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations (MD) either in vacuo or solvated by water molecules. Notably, antigenic potencies were found to correlate to the peptides propensity to form and maintain an overall a-helical conformation through regular i,i + 4 hydrogen bonds. Accordingly, less active or inactive peptides showed a strong tendency to form i,i+3 hydrogen bonds at their Nterminal end. Experimental data documented that the C-terminal residue is critical for interaction of the peptide with H-2 Ld. This finding could be satisfactorily explained by a 3-D Q.S.A.R. analysis postulating interactions between ligand and receptor by hydrophobic forces. A 3-D model is proposed for the complex between a high-affinity nonapeptide and the H- 2 Ld receptor. First, the H-2 Ld molecule was built from X-ray coordinates of two homologous proteins: HLA-A2 and HLA-Aw68, energyminimized and studied by MD simulations. With HLA-A2 as template, the only realistic simulation was achieved for a solvated model with minor deviations of the MD mean structure from the X-ray conformation. Water simulation of the H-2 Ld protein in complex with the antigenic nonapeptide was then achieved with the template- derived optimal parameters. The bound peptide retains mainly its a-helical conformation and binds to hydrophobic residues of H-2 Ld that correspond to highly polymorphic positions of MHC proteins. The orientation of the nonapeptide in the binding cleft is in accordance with the experimentally determined distribution of its MHC receptor-binding residues (agretope residues). Thus, computer simulation was successfully employed to explain functional data and predicts a-helical conformation for the bound peptide

Residues critical for establishing a trimolecular interaction with a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded receptor and a T cell antigen receptor (TcR) were determined for an antigenic nonapeptide. The N-terminal residue proved to be involved in binding of the peptide to both receptors and the C-terminal residue was essential for MHC binding. While substitution of either of these critical terminal residues by alanine resulted in an almost complete loss of peptide antigenicity, simultaneous substitution of both created a new functional ligand for the same MHC molecule and the same TcR. Notably, in the biterminally substituted peptide, the core residues took on new roles in the trimolecular interaction in that a residue critical in the authentic nonapeptide for TcR binding became critical for MHC binding and former spacer residues became essential to various degrees for the interaction with either receptor or both. Thus, apparently, the loss of the terminal residues' contribution was at least partially compensated by a redistribution of the roles among the remaining residues. These results reflect a cooperative contribution of all residues of an antigenic peptide to its binding to both receptors and thus challenge a static definition of agretope and epitope as MHC and TcR binding sites.

Processing of endogenously synthesized proteins generates short peptides that are presented by MHC class I molecules to CD8 T lymphocytes. Here it is documented that not only the sequence of the presented peptide but also the residues by which it is flanked in the protein determine the efficiency of processing and presentation. This became evident when a viral sequence of proven antigenicity was inserted at different positions into an unrelated carrier protein. Not different peptides, but different amounts of the antigenic insert itself were retrieved by isolation of naturally processed peptides from cells expressing the different chimeric proteins. Low yield of antigenic peptide from an unfavorable integration site could be overcome by flanking the insert with oligo-alanine to space it from disruptive neighboring sequences. Notably, the degree of protection against lethal virus disease related directly to the amount of naturally processed antigenic peptide.

Bovine rotavirus (BRV) V1005 is serologically distinct from rotavirus serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9. BRV V1005 showed cross-reactions with BRV B223, the American prototype of serotype 10 rotavirus, and with BRV E4049, a British serotype 10 isolate. BRV V1005 was, however, not neutralized by four monoclonal antibodies directed against VP7 of BRV B223. Two-way cross-reactions were observed between BRV V1005 and a reassortant rotavirus containing the VP4 from BRV UK. In addition the major tryptic cleavage product of VP4, VP5*, from BRV V1005 is indistinguishable by peptide mapping and its isoelectric point from the homologous protein of BRV UK, but is clearly different from VP5* of BRV NCDV. The peptide map of VP7 from BRV V1005 differed from that obtained for VP7 of BRV UK

Peptides that are antigenic for T lymphocytes are ligands for two receptors, the class I or II glycoproteins that are encoded by genes in the major histocompatibility complex, and the idiotypic / chain T-cell antigen receptor1–9. That a peptide must bind to an MHC molecule to interact with a T-cell antigen receptor is the molecular basis of the MHC restriction of antigen-recognition by T lymphocytes10,11. In such a trimolecular interaction the amino-acid sequence of the peptide must specify the contact with both receptors: agretope residues bind to the MHC receptor and epitope residues bind to the T-cell antigen receptor12,13. From a compilation of known antigenic peptides, two algorithms have been proposed to predict antigenic sites in proteins. One algorithm uses linear motifs in the sequence14, whereas the other considers peptide conformation and predicts antigenicity for amphipathic -helices15,16. We report here that a systematic delimitation of an antigenic site precisely identifies a predicted pentapeptide motif as the minimal antigenic determinant presented by a class I MHC molecule and recognized by a cytolytic T lymphocyte clone.

Vaccinia virus-infected cells were treated enzymatically to remove H-2 antigenic sites. The effect of this procedure on virus-specific cell-mediated cytolysis (CMC) and virus-specific antibody-mediated cytolysis (AMC) was tested. Due to the inhibition of cellular proteinsynthesis by the vaccinia virus infection, H-2 antigenic sites were not resynthesized while there was a continuous production of viral surface antigens. These cells with a high concentration of viral surface antigens and decreased H-2 determinants could be used as targets in the virus specific AMC. But they were not lysed in the virus specific CMC which emphasizes the significance of H-2 antigens during recognition of virus-specific determinants by T cells.