POPULARITY
3 episodes with residues
2 episodes with residues
2 episodes with residues
3 episodes with residues
3 episodes with residues
3 episodes with residues
2 episodes with residues
2 episodes with residues
2 episodes with residues
Fredrik talks to Barry O’Reilly about software architecture. Barry has spent a lot of time and energy connecting software architecture to actual code and development work, and finding good ways of actually training new generations of software architects. Architecture is a level above programming, it is a different skill, and it needs to be properly taught so that more people can think and make active decisions about it. Oh, and architecture happens at a group level. You can’t really do it alone. Barry’s quest led him to complexity science, a PhD to actually prove his ideas hold up, and two books. The idea that you have to understand what goes on in the code in order to do good architecture is more controversial than one might think. Thank you Cloudnet for sponsoring our VPS! Comments, questions or tips? We a re @kodsnack, @tobiashieta, @oferlund and @bjoreman on Twitter, have a page on Facebook and can be emailed at info@kodsnack.se if you want to write longer. We read everything we receive. If you enjoy Kodsnack we would love a review in iTunes! You can also support the podcast by buying us a coffee (or two!) through Ko-fi. Links Barry Black tulip Complexity science IDE Antifragile Nassim Taleb Nassim guesting Econtalk talking about antifragility while the book was in progress Barry’s papers: No More Snake Oil: Architecting Agility through Antifragility (2019) An introduction to residuality theory: Software design heuristics for complex systems (2020) The Machine in the Ghost: Autonomy, Hyperconnectivity, and Residual Causality (2021) The Philosophy of Residuality Theory (2021) Residuality Theory, random simulation, and attractor networks (2022) Residuality and Representation: Toward a Coherent Philosophy of Software Architecture (2023) Domain driven design Europe Leanpub Residues - Barry’s first book Barry’s NDC talks - on process and on philosophy Support us on Ko-fi Our agile release train engineer stickers The architect’s paradox - Barry’s second book Accelerate Øredev Kodsnack 346 - Tomer Gabel about the golden age of tomfoolery Dataföreningen Dataföreningen kompetens Titles How we design and think about structure Climbed the greasy pole Keep close to the code Remove themselves from the code as a status symbol I would see a lot of grey There’s a generation missing A level of thinking above programming When you look up from your IDE We had to rescue architecture When they say “architect” Headed for that ivory tower A self-titling profession Comfortable in uncertainty Multiple books, and a PhD How does this thing break Everything will always break Patching those cracks Do you have any proof of this? The key to good software architecture is pessimism The mincing of academic criticism Typing furiously Hope for the future He’s from the real world!
AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by AABP Past President Dr. Pat Gorden, a professor of dairy production medicine and clinical pharmacology at Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine. We review the meaning of violative drug residues and the most common medications used in cattle that have historically been associated with violative drug residues. Gorden also reviews both how animals are selected for testing and how withdrawal intervals are determined by drug sponsors when going through the drug approval process. Of particular importance is the effect of disease on the clearance of drugs from the animal since the residue studies are performed on healthy animals for FDA submission. Gorden reviews basic pharmacologic mechanisms for drugs and how disease state may impact drug clearance. He also reviews a study he performed that looked at severe clinical mastitis cows and the impact on the pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur in these animals. Veterinarians should utilize FARAD for withdrawal determinations and consider disease state on drug clearance. Finally, Gorden offers suggestions for practicing veterinarians to review with farm managers and employees, including observations in the hospital pen or when treatments are administered. Ensuring correct protocol compliance, applying correct therapy, estimating the correct weight, extending the withdrawal interval on sick animals, ensuring the correct dose, route and volume of injection, and fully mixing suspensions prior to filling the syringe are all important items to check. Veterinarians are tasked with ensuring appropriate oversight on drug use on farms and regularly reviewing these steps is an important aspect of this stewardship principle as well as creating billable hours that are valued by the client. P.J. Gorden, M.D. Kleinhenz, L.W. Wulf, B. KuKanich, C.J. Lee, C. Wang, J.F. Coetzee, Altered plasma pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride in cows affected with severe clinical mastitis, J Dairy Sci. Volume 99, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 505-514, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-10239. Gorden PJ, Ydstie JA, Kleinhenz MD, et al. Comparative plasma and interstitial fluid pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid in cattle with induced coliform mastitis. J Vet Pharmacol Therap. 2018; 41: 848–860. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.12688.
The topic of this podcast episode is the liver and its importance for bodily function. Nurse Doza emphasizes how common it is for people to have a fatty liver due to their diet, specifically fast food consumption. He explains how the sugar and fructose in these foods directly affect the liver and contribute to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. He also encourages listeners to take control of their diet and make choices that support a healthy liver. This episode provides practical tips for improving liver health and acknowledges the positive impact the podcast is having on listeners' lives. TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 START 06:20 The liver and its importance. 09:07 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. 12:09 Importance of food and nutrients. 15:44 Alcohol's contribution to diabetes. 21:46 Liver-supporting supplements. 23:05 Resveratrol in the Mediterranean diet. 29:38 Liver health and supplements. 32:45 Gut and liver relationship. 34:07 Fasting for a healthier liver. 37:22 Liver health practices. Introducing Liver Love: Every vibrant life begins with a healthy core. Cleanse, rejuvenate, and love your liver with our premium supplement, "Liver Love". Designed meticulously for Phase 1 and 2 of liver detoxing. Begin your journey to a healthier you. Click here to get Liver Love now! Show Notes: The Importance of Supporting Antioxidant Production.[^1^] - The crux of health issues: Inflammation. - The origin of inflammation: Stress. - Consequences of chronic stress: Bodily dysfunction. - The liver: A powerhouse of antioxidant production[^2^]. - Glutathione: Liver's potent gift and its profound benefits[^3^]. - Introducing NAC: Glutathione's precursor and its significance[^4^]. - The need for NAC and glutathione supplementation. - The liver-enhancing power of B vitamins[^5^]. Hormone Regulation & The Liver[^6^] - The liver's pivotal role in hormone regulation. - The communicative power of hormones. - Liver: The body's natural storage facility. - Better hormones equate to a healthier liver[^7^]. - Early menopause's potential link to liver health[^8^]. - The underappreciated link: Liver and insulin. - The domino effect: Insulin issues leading to hormonal imbalances[^9^]. The Perils of Fast Food on Liver Health[^10^] - The challenges in processing fast food. - Residues of past unhealthy diets lingering in the liver. - Beyond fast food: The toll of an unhealthy diet on the liver[^11^]. - The equation of good fats and a healthier liver. - Avocado: The liver's best friend. - Monounsaturated fat: A top-tier dietary inclusion[^12^]. - The liver's role in cholesterol production[^13^]. - The promise of fish oil for liver wellness[^14^]. - The connection: Fatty liver, omega 3, and choline deficiencies[^15^]. Decoding the Relationship: Liver & Estrogen[^16^] - Fatty liver's association with compromised estrogen. - Estrogen production's direct tie to the liver[^17^]. - The toll of birth control on liver health and estrogen quality[^18^]. - The malleability of epigenetics[^19^]. - Stress, liver health, and its implications on estrogen[^20^]. - The genetic connection to liver health and detoxification needs[^21^]. - Delving into the COMT gene's role in hormone regulation[^22^]. - The intersection of cholesterol, liver, and menopause-associated estrogen[^23^]. Methylation & Its Influence on Liver Function[^24^] - The expression of the MTHFR gene in the liver. - Prevalence and implications of MTHFR gene mutation[^25^]. - The methylation cycle's role in vitamin metabolism[^26^]. - Significance of B9 in methylation and liver functions[^27^]. - The interconnected web: MTHFR gene's impact on various bodily processes[^28^]. - Glutathione production's link to correct methylation[^29^]. - Methylation's role in disease risk[^30^]. - The importance of methylated vitamins for MTHFR gene support[^31^]. - The intertwined roles of MTHFR and COMT genes in methylation[^32^]. Discover Liver Love: Let's face it, our livers undergo a lot, daily. Toxins, processed foods, medications, and more. It's time to give back. Show your liver some love with our specially formulated detox supplement, "Liver Love". The first step towards a healthier tomorrow starts with a cleanse today. Tap here to give your liver the love it deserves! --- **REFERENCES**: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6320789/figure/molecules-23-03305-f001/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8637678/#B4 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8125908/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14973104/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19095062/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6726297/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8637678/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/334126/ https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.120.020560 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3228367/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5123374/#MOESM3 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2674329/#R28 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7531579/#B30
Plus Manufacturing, Inc.'s Procyon Soap Free Multi-Purpose Cleaner & Degreaser offers superior cleaning results with no sticky soapy residues. Check it out at https://soapfreeprocyon.com/shop Plus Manufacturing, Inc. City: Spokane Address: 2704 N Madelia St Website: https://soapfreeprocyon.com/ Phone: +18007762966 Email: press@soapfree.net
Terry McElvaney, Veterinary Inspector at the Veterinary Medicines, Antimicrobial Resistance, Byproducts and TSE Division, joins Stuart Childs on this week's Dairy Edge podcast to discuss residues in milk. Terry first explains the role of the division in which he works and how it is important in facilitating trade. Terry says that the division tests 15,000 samples annually and carries out 70,000 tests on these samples for many different types of residues in order to report to the EU on our compliance with the regulations around the use of veterinary products in animals that go into the food chain. He says that while a miniscule percentage of samples test positive each year, this year there has been an increase in the positives associated with Ivermectin and Levamisole, active ingredients in wormers and flukicides. Terry advises farmers to test before treating and to ensure the right product is used at the right rate at the right time. Observing withdrawals is important and people need to carefully record dates of administration to ensure those withdrawals are observed. Terry also warns people that stock will often calve ahead of time and when that does happen, the withdrawal period still needs to be observed. He finishes by recommending people avoid unnecessary use of any veterinary medicinal products when possible and where they have to be used, to get good advice on the product to use. For more episodes from the Dairy Edge podcast go to the show page at: https://www.teagasc.ie/animals/dairy/the-dairy-edge-podcast/ The Dairy Edge is a co-production with LastCastMedia.com
For this week's OviCast, we're joined by Terry McElvaney, Veterinary Inspector with Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, to discuss some issues that have occurred with flukicide residues in lamb carcasses. We discuss the problems encountered and the follow up investigations with Terry explaining some of the issues caused and issues they have encountered. We also discuss the key areas to focus on when using anthelminthic and antibiotics to avoid these type of issues occurring. Details of licensed veterinary products can be found on the HPRA veterinary medicines webpage: https://www.hpra.ie/homepage/veterinary/veterinary-medicines-information For more episodes from the OviCast podcast, visit the show page at:https://www.teagasc.ie/animals/sheep/ovicast-sheep-podcast
Today we look at some of the colonial legacies in discourses around girls' education. With me are Chris Kirchgasler and Karishma Desai. They've recently published an article entitled, “'Girl' in Crisis: Colonial Residues of Domesticity in Transnational School Reforms,” which was published in the Comparative Education Review. Chris Kirchgasler is an Assistant Professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Karishma Desai is an assistant Professor at Rutgers Graduate School of Education. freshedpodcast.com/kirchgasler-desai/ -- Get in touch! Twitter: @FreshEdpodcast Facebook: FreshEd Email: info@freshedpodcast.com
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The USDA published the 2022 Pesticide Data Program Annual Summary that shows over 99% of tested samples had pesticide residues BELOW EPA benchmark levels, and House lawmakers launched a new Agricultural Trade Caucus, seeking to advance and promote policies vital to U.S. agriculture.
The USDA published the 2022 Pesticide Data Program Annual Summary that shows over 99% of tested samples had pesticide residues BELOW EPA benchmark levels, and House lawmakers launched a new Agricultural Trade Caucus, seeking to advance and promote policies vital to U.S. agriculture.
Join us as we unravel a critical consumer concern—the presence of antibiotic residues in our food. Delve into the potential health risks and the serious illnesses they might lead to. By the end of this podcast, you'll acquire a thorough understanding of the dangers posed by antibiotic residues and discover effective ways to minimize their adverse effects.Please visit https://healthfactsdiva.com for resources.Support the showPlease be advised that the following program is for entertainment purposes only. Consult your doctor for medical advice.
Join us as we unravel a critical consumer concern—the presence of antibiotic residues in our food. Delve into the potential health risks and the serious illnesses they might lead to. By the end of this podcast, you'll acquire a thorough understanding of the dangers posed by antibiotic residues and discover effective ways to minimize their adverse effects.Please visit https://healthfactsdiva.com for resources.Support the showPlease be advised that the following program is for entertainment purposes only. Consult your doctor for medical advice.
Impressions stay in your memory. For example, if I have watched a film in the evening, individual sequences or images from the film keep coming back to me the next day, even though I may have only watched it to switch off and not really consciously or with much intention. I sometimes notice the same thing with things I've heard or when I cycle past an advert. Much of what our senses perceive is left behind. Or as the Latin proverb aptly puts it: semper aliquid haeret - something always sticks. This makes it all the more important to consciously pay attention to what we impose and inflict on our senses. We do this more or less carefully and consciously when it comes to food. How is it with you? Do you have a healthy approach to consuming information or would it perhaps be time for a diet for your eyes or ears? I wish you an extraordinary day!
Welcome back to another Q and A episode of the Nutrition Science Podcast. We have some exciting topics today, we will be discussing: Whether air fryers are safe or not How to remove pesticide residues from food If colostrum has any benefits Whether I think misinformation should be illegal And the health effects of deli meats Tune in to the show to hear more. Links Take Advantage of Limited Time Discounted Course Offer Legion Supplements BOGO Sale (Use code Chavez at checkout) Paper on removing pesticide residues in food ----> https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29222908/ Research on colostrum ---> https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8255475/
We will address a crucial issue that impacts us as consumers. We will delve into the subject of antibiotic residues in the food we eat, which can be harmful to our health and potentially lead to serious illnesses, such as cancer. By the end of this podcast, you will gain a comprehensive understanding of the risks associated with antibiotic residues and learn ways to minimize their adverse effects.Support the showPlease be advised that the following program is for entertainment purposes only. Consult your doctor for medical advice.
The topic of this podcast episode is the liver and its importance for bodily function. Nurse Doza emphasizes how common it is for people to have a fatty liver due to their diet, specifically fast food consumption. He explains how the sugar and fructose in these foods directly affect the liver and contribute to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. He also encourages listeners to take control of their diet and make choices that support a healthy liver. This episode provides practical tips for improving liver health and acknowledges the positive impact the podcast is having on listeners' lives. TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 START 06:20 The liver and its importance. 09:07 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. 12:09 Importance of food and nutrients. 15:44 Alcohol's contribution to diabetes. 21:46 Liver-supporting supplements. 23:05 Resveratrol in the Mediterranean diet. 29:38 Liver health and supplements. 32:45 Gut and liver relationship. 34:07 Fasting for a healthier liver. 37:22 Liver health practices. Introducing Liver Love: Every vibrant life begins with a healthy core. Cleanse, rejuvenate, and love your liver with our premium supplement, "Liver Love". Designed meticulously for Phase 1 and 2 of liver detoxing. Begin your journey to a healthier you. Click here to get Liver Love now! Show Notes: The Importance of Supporting Antioxidant Production.[^1^] - The crux of health issues: Inflammation. - The origin of inflammation: Stress. - Consequences of chronic stress: Bodily dysfunction. - The liver: A powerhouse of antioxidant production[^2^]. - Glutathione: Liver's potent gift and its profound benefits[^3^]. - Introducing NAC: Glutathione's precursor and its significance[^4^]. - The need for NAC and glutathione supplementation. - The liver-enhancing power of B vitamins[^5^]. Hormone Regulation & The Liver[^6^] - The liver's pivotal role in hormone regulation. - The communicative power of hormones. - Liver: The body's natural storage facility. - Better hormones equate to a healthier liver[^7^]. - Early menopause's potential link to liver health[^8^]. - The underappreciated link: Liver and insulin. - The domino effect: Insulin issues leading to hormonal imbalances[^9^]. The Perils of Fast Food on Liver Health[^10^] - The challenges in processing fast food. - Residues of past unhealthy diets lingering in the liver. - Beyond fast food: The toll of an unhealthy diet on the liver[^11^]. - The equation of good fats and a healthier liver. - Avocado: The liver's best friend. - Monounsaturated fat: A top-tier dietary inclusion[^12^]. - The liver's role in cholesterol production[^13^]. - The promise of fish oil for liver wellness[^14^]. - The connection: Fatty liver, omega 3, and choline deficiencies[^15^]. Decoding the Relationship: Liver & Estrogen[^16^] - Fatty liver's association with compromised estrogen. - Estrogen production's direct tie to the liver[^17^]. - The toll of birth control on liver health and estrogen quality[^18^]. - The malleability of epigenetics[^19^]. - Stress, liver health, and its implications on estrogen[^20^]. - The genetic connection to liver health and detoxification needs[^21^]. - Delving into the COMT gene's role in hormone regulation[^22^]. - The intersection of cholesterol, liver, and menopause-associated estrogen[^23^]. Methylation & Its Influence on Liver Function[^24^] - The expression of the MTHFR gene in the liver. - Prevalence and implications of MTHFR gene mutation[^25^]. - The methylation cycle's role in vitamin metabolism[^26^]. - Significance of B9 in methylation and liver functions[^27^]. - The interconnected web: MTHFR gene's impact on various bodily processes[^28^]. - Glutathione production's link to correct methylation[^29^]. - Methylation's role in disease risk[^30^]. - The importance of methylated vitamins for MTHFR gene support[^31^]. - The intertwined roles of MTHFR and COMT genes in methylation[^32^]. Discover Liver Love: Let's face it, our livers undergo a lot, daily. Toxins, processed foods, medications, and more. It's time to give back. Show your liver some love with our specially formulated detox supplement, "Liver Love". The first step towards a healthier tomorrow starts with a cleanse today. Tap here to give your liver the love it deserves! --- **REFERENCES**: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6320789/figure/molecules-23-03305-f001/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8637678/#B4 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8125908/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14973104/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19095062/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6726297/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8637678/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/334126/ https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.120.020560 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3228367/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5123374/#MOESM3 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2674329/#R28 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7531579/#B30
Demos These are: Quadratic residues: https://asecuritysite.com/primes/q_res Jacobi symbol: https://asecuritysite.com/primes/jac Jacobi and Legendre symbol: https://asecuritysite.com/primes/jacobi Introduction Remember at school that class where the teacher taught you about how to square something? It was great, and where we loved to take the square of 3 and get 9, and the square of 5 gave us 25. But, in the next lesson, we came back to earth with a bump, as it was time for the nasty little square root. Now, we have to find two numbers which when multiplied together, gave us 121, or 196. Luckily, there was a convenient button on the calculator that give us our quick answer. In the time before calculators, though, working out more complex square roots involved tables of logarithms. And, so, in this podcast, I will outline a difficult problem … find a square root in a modulo n world … aka quadratic residues. A hard problem In cryptography, we look for hard problems to solve. For this, we can create a backdoor into the problem and solve the problem. With discrete logarithms, we have a hard problem of: Y=g^x (mod p) and where it is difficult to determine x, even though we know g, Y and p, but as long as the prime number if large enough. Another hard problem is used in the RSA public key method, and this involves the difficulty in factorization at modulus (N) which is made up of two prime numbers. Another hard problem is quadratic residues modulus n, and uses the form of: x²=a (mod p) and where we must find a value of x which results in a value of a (mod p). If a solution exists, the value of a is a quadratic residue (mod n). In modular arithmetic, this operation is equivalent to a square root of a number (and where x is the modular square root of a modulo p). In the following, we will try and solve for the value of x, and also generate the Legendre symbol value. For example, if we have a=969 and p=1223, we get: Solve x²=968 (mod 1223) [Ans: 453] Try! and: Solve x²=1203 (mod 1223) [Ans: 375] Try! Thus 968 and 1203 are quadratic residues modulo 1223. The form of x²=a (mod p) is not always solvable. For example, if we have a=209 and p=1223 , we get: x²=209 (mod 1223) Also, if a shares a factor with p it is also not solvable. For example: x²=39 (mod 13) will return a zero value for x. If we take a value of p=53, we get the following values [here]: 0, 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 24, 25, 28, 29, 36, 37, 38, 40, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 49, 52 A sample run of the code gives: Quadradic residue (mod n) solver a: 47 p: 53We need to solve for: val^2 = 47 (mod 53 )-----------------------Result: 10( 10 )^2 = 47 (mod 53 )-----------------------For a prime number of 53 here are the residues up to p (or 100)1 4 6 7 9 10 11 13 15 16 17 24 25 28 29 36 37 38 40 42 43 44 46 47 49 52 In this case, we see that 10 is a possible quadratic residue for a p of 53. The solution is thus: 10²=47(mod 53) You can see a demonstration here and here are some examples: Solve x²=12 (mod 13) [Ans: 8] Try! Solve x²=968 (mod 1223) [Ans: 453] Try! Solve x²=1203 (mod 1223) [Ans: 375] Try! Solve x²=47 (mod 53) [Ans: 10] Try! Solve x²=209 (mod 1223) [No solution!] Try! Solve x²=888 (mod 1223) [No solution!] Try! Solve x²=39 (mod 13) [No solution!] Try! Legendre symbol In science, it is difficult to avoid Adrien-Marie Legendre, as there are so many things named after him: Fourier–Legendre series; Gauss–Legendre algorithm; Legendre chi function; Legendre duplication formula; Legendre–Papoulis filter; Legendre form; Legendre polynomials; Legendre sieve; Legendre symbol; Legendre transformation; Legendre wavelet; Legendre–Clebsch condition; Legendre–Fenchel transformation; Legendre's constant; Legendrian knot; and Gamma function–Legendre formula. And, so, where does Legedre help with your online security? Well, you will find his method used in elliptic curve methods, which are used to protect your online identity, and the security of the communications that you have with this Web page. So, let's look at the Legendre Symbol. For this, we turn to Legendre who, in 1798, defined the Legendre symbol. In the following, we will try and solve for the value of x, and also generate the Legendre symbol value [link]: Solve x²=12 (mod 13) With his method, we can determine that the answer is 8, as 64 (mod 13) is 12. Some sample code is [here]: import sysimport libnumdef legendre_symbol(a, p): ls = pow(a, (p - 1) // 2, p) return -1 if ls == p - 1 else lsn=11if (len(sys.argv)>1): n=int(sys.argv[1])print ("Here are the Z*p (quadratic residues modulo n and coprime to n):")print ("nJacobi symbol")for a in range(1, n): rtn= libnum.jacobi(a,n) if (rtn==1): print (a,end=', ')print ("nLegendre symbol")for a in range(1, n): rtn= legendre_symbol(a,n) if (rtn==1): print (a,end=', ') A quadratic residue relates to the solving of the form: y=x² (mod n), and where we need to find values of y for different values of x and for a given modulus (n). For n=11, we get Z∗p={1, 3, 4, 5, 9}. This is because, 1² (mod11)=1, 2² (mod11)=4, 3² (mod11)=9, 4² (mod11)=5, 5² (mod11)=3, 6² (mod11)=3, 7² (mod11)=5, 8² (mod11)=9, 9² (mod11)=4, and 10² (mod11)=1. To find the quadratic residues for a given modulus, we can use the Jacobi symbol is: and is defined as: The legendre_symbol returns: 1. When a is a quadratic residue of p. -1. When a is a quadratic nonresidue of p. 0. When a shares a factor of p. The Jacobi symbol was defined by Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi as a generalized form of the Legendre symbol. Elliptic Curves While we have a trivial example here, we can use it for more complex ones, such as finding a point on the elliptic curve [here]. A sample run is: Elliptic curve is: P-192Finding elliptic point closest to: 1Prime number: 6277101735386680763835789423207666416083908700390324961279a,b -3 2455155546008943817740293915197451784769108058161191238065(2, 1126956676167578795924565825825899020268914906345645360775L)(3, 2476168101441297080746512578325117519920374855425678540834L)(5, 936760824408609109609580731987662341845728162027345586443L)(6, 61374494507529673497365598443020935064779457192199494327L)(8, 1539168359597512271047259505090133446672063593980132990812L)(12, 3464753203279792192409824182683870253677262339932562461307L)(13, 3288234558942609973454802567986887155175778959720199156770L)(15, 4548834217212027584647316131131523554591911664904227806291L)(17, 2148916484007672061843886225501299518817815267521173400039L)(18, 1600977792967480259538850281480651298625682822208237361467L)(22, 1682016893107185458056834822961338463540516386180178478778L) The code for this is [here]: import mathimport sysimport libnumdef legendre_symbol(a, p): ls = pow(a, (p - 1) // 2, p) return -1 if ls == p - 1 else lsdef findit(start,p,a,b): x=start count=0 while True: val=((x*x*x) + a*x+ b) % p rtn= legendre_symbol(val, p) if (rtn==1): if (libnum.has_sqrtmod(val,{p: 1})): res=next(libnum.sqrtmod(val,{p: 1})) print(x,int(res)) count=count+1 x=x+1 if (count>20): return if (x-start>200): returnp = 2**256 - 2**224 + 2**192 + 2**96 - 1 a=-3b=41058363725152142129326129780047268409114441015993725554835256314039467401291startval=1type="P-192"if (len(sys.argv)>1): startval=int(sys.argv[1])if (len(sys.argv)>2): type=str(sys.argv[2])if (type=="P-192"): p = 2**192-2**64-1 a=-3 b=2455155546008943817740293915197451784769108058161191238065if (type=="P-224"): b=18958286285566608000408668544493926415504680968679321075787234672564 p = 2**224 - 2**96 + 1 a=-3if (type=="P-256"): p = 2**256 - 2**224 + 2**192 + 2**96 - 1 a=-3 b=41058363725152142129326129780047268409114441015993725554835256314039467401291if (type=="P-384"): a=-3 b=27580193559959705877849011840389048093056905856361568521428707301988689241309860865136260764883745107765439761230575 p = 2**384 - 2**128 - 2**96 + 2**32 - 1 if (type=="Curve25519"): a=486662 b=1 p = 2**255 - 19 if (type=="secp256k1"): a=0 b=7 p = 2**256 - 2**32 - 977 if (type=="M-221"): a=117050 b=1 p = 2**221 - 3 if (type=="BN(2,254)"): a=0 b=2 p = 16798108731015832284940804142231733909889187121439069848933715426072753864723 if (type=="M-383"): a=2065150 b=1 p = 2**383 - 187 print("Elliptic curve is:tt",type)print("Finding elliptic point closest to:t",startval)print("Prime number:ttt",p)print("a,b",a,b)findit(startval,p,a,b)
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.04.547731v1?rss=1 Authors: Tennakoon, M., Thotamune, W., Payton, J. L., Karunarathne, A. Abstract: Prenylation is a universal and irreversible post-translational modification that supports membrane interactions of proteins involved in various cellular processes, including migration, proliferation, and survival. Thus, dysregulation of prenylation contributes to multiple disorders, including cancers, vascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. During prenylation, prenyltransferase enzymes tether metabolically produced isoprenoid lipids to proteins via a thioether linkage. Pharmacological inhibition of the lipid synthesis pathway by statins has long been a therapeutic approach to control hyperlipidemia. Building on our previous finding that statins inhibit membrane association of G protein {gamma} (G{gamma}) in a subtype-dependent manner, we investigated the molecular reasoning for this differential. We examined the prenylation efficacy of carboxy terminus (Ct) mutated G{gamma} in cells exposed to Fluvastatin and prenyl transferase inhibitors and monitored the subcellular localization of fluorescently tagged G{gamma} subunits and their mutants using live-cell confocal imaging. Reversible optogenetic unmasking-masking of Ct residues was used to probe their contribution to the prenylation process and membrane interactions of the prenylated proteins. Our findings suggest that specific Ct residues regulate membrane interactions of the G{gamma} polypeptide statin sensitivity and prenylation efficacy. Our results also show that a few hydrophobic and charged residues at the Ct are crucial determinants of a protein's prenylation ability, especially under suboptimal conditions. Given the cell and tissue-specific expression of different G{gamma} subtypes, our findings explain how and why statins differentially perturb heterotrimeric G protein signaling in specific cells and tissues. Our results may provide molecular reasoning for repurposing statins as Ras oncogene inhibitors and the failure of using prenyltransferase inhibitors in cancer treatment. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC
Grizzly On The Hunt - Bigfoot, Sasquatch, Cryptids, Paranormal, Aliens, UFO's and More!
https://paranormalhub.com/grizzly-hunt This Wednesday at 4:00 PM EST Time! Grizzly On The Hunt and FDL Paranormal discusses haunted items including dolls. Grizzly has so much activity in his studio around his dolls it's incredible. Activity being caught on live shows in progress. Grizzly also has poltergeist activity during a show us as well. Grizzly uses lighted up cat balls, Rim Pod and other ghost investigator equipment to document his activity that has continuously to ramp up activity that is present and documenting these occurrences. Due to the poltergeist activity in his studio Grizzly has to secure items down with type so devices will not be toss or thrown during live shows. Grizzly has reached out to several psychics mediums that are well known and confirmed that many of Grizzly's dolls have attachments! Haunted objects are inanimate items that are believed to possess supernatural or paranormal properties. These objects are said to be imbued with the presence of spirits or energies that can influence their surroundings or interact with people. Haunted objects can come in various forms, including jewelry, furniture, dolls, paintings, and even everyday items. These objects are often associated with stories of strange occurrences, unexplained phenomena, and negative or unsettling experiences reported by those who have come inte contact with them. One famous example of a haunted object is the Annabelle doll, which gained notoriety through the "Conjuring" film franchise. The real Annabelle doll, a Raggedy Ann doll, is kept in a glass case at the Warrens' Occult Museum in Connecticut. It is said to be possessed by a malevolent spirit and has been associated with a range of paranormal incidents. Another well-known haunted object is the Hope Diamond, a large blue diamond that is rumored to bring misfortune and tragedy to its owners. Legend has it that anyone who possesses the diamond will suffer from bad luck and experience various hardships. While the existence and nature of haunted objects are subjects of debate and skepticism, stories and accounts of their paranormal attributes continue to captivate the imagination of many people. The term "haunted attachments" can refer to various things depending on the context. In the paranormal sense, it often refers to objects that are believed to be connected to spirits or entities and can bring about paranormal activity or supernatural experiences It's important to note that beliefs in haunted attachments and their effects vary greatly among individuals, and skepticism is common. Some people find the idea intriguing and believe in the existence of such phenomena, while others view it as purely superstition or imagination. The concept of items being possessed or believed to have supernatural influence can be attributed to various cultural, religious, and paranormal beliefs. Different explanations and beliefs exist across different cultures and belief systems. Here are a few perspectives on why items may be perceived as possessed: #HauntedVessels #ParanormalObjects #GhostlyArtifacts #grizzlychris #EeriePossessions #SupernaturalArt #Curseditems #SpectralAntiques #SpiritInfusedObjects #Spooky Collectibles #EnchantedRelics #PhantomMemorabilia #OtherworldlyArt #SpiritedArtifacts #SupernaturalCollectibles #EtherealPossessions #GhostlyTreasures #HauntedArt #CursedCuriosities #SpectralKeepsakes #ParanormalArtifacts #EerieArtworks #PhantomArt #SupernaturalRelics #GhostlyOddities #EnchantedArt #HauntedMemorabilia @ParanormalObjects @GhostlyArtifacts @EeriePossessions @SupernaturalArt @Curseditems @SpectralAntiques @SpiritinfusedObjects @SpookyCollectibles @EnchantedRelics @PhantomMemorabilia @OtherworldlyArt @SpiritedArtifacts @SupernaturalCollectibles @EtherealPossessions @GhostlyTreasures @HauntedArt @CursedCuriosities @SpectralKeepsakes @ParanormalArtifacts @EerieArtworks @PhantomArt @SupernaturalRelics @GhostlyOddities @EnchantedArt @HauntedMemorabilia --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/grizzly-onthehunt/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/grizzly-onthehunt/support
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Eric Camden (lead investigator with Foresite) and Mike Konrad discuss electrochemical migration (ECM) and other failure modes caused by residues on circuit assemblies.
My guest, Eric Camden (Lead Investigator with Foresite) and I discuss electrochemical migration (ECM) and other failure modes caused by residues on circuit assemblies.Eric Camden's Contact Information:ericc@foresiteinc.comhttps://www.foresiteinc.com
On this edition of Free City Radio we highlight a multimedia project called "Do Right by the Right Whale," which highlights the voice of Mi'kmaq ecological justice activist Brian Issac. Throughout the last summer Brian worked with the Office of Sustainability at Concordia University in Montreal to create this project, of which you can hear the audio narration on this program. Importantly this project speaks to the ways that Mi'kmaq have long held traditional practices through which practices of ecological and environmental sustainability have traveled across generations, a reality that is now important to draw on for building practices today to support and protect the Right Whale. In this episode we hear from Brian Issac who worked with the Office of Sustainability at Concordia. Also we hear from Christian Favreau who shares thoughts about supporting such work through the sustainability office at the university. Music on this edition is "Torn" from the album "Residues" by Jordan Christoff, my brother, out via @amekcollective Free City Radio is hosted and produced by Stefan @spirodon Christoff and airs on @radiockut 90.3FM at 11am on Wednesdays and @cjlo1690 AM in Tiohti:áke/Montréal on Tuesdays at 1pm on @ckuwradio 95.9FM in Winnipeg at 8am on Tuesdays, on @cfrc 101.9FM in Kingston, Ontario at 11:30am on Wednesdays and broadcasting on @cfuv 101.9 FM in Victoria, BC on Wednesdays at 9am. Also Free City Radio is a podcast through both Spotify and Apple Podcasts, please encourage a friend to tune-in !
Agricultural residue or agricultural waste is not waste, it's an asset. Because of biochar it's now valuable! Biochar is a substance that resembles charcoal that is produced from biomass and is sustainably sourced from agricultural and forestry waste. These can be from corn stalks, hulls, wood chips and much more. Check out our blog on “What Materials Has ARTi Successfully Pyrolysed (Turned into biochar)” at the following (Link). But is it really “waste”? Are they only agricultural residues? Firstly, due to the scale of our civilization and the growing human demands, there is more production of everything. This would for sure certainly include agriculturally grown food. More production means more waste, or unneeded materials from the process. That's the nature of production. Did you remember that potato plants have stalks and green leaves? The potato part we eat is just part of the root system in the soil. The stalks and leaves of potato plants for example have little use. Potato plants even generate flowers. Potato flowers, anyone? The global potato industry is enormous, producing 376 million metric tons in 2021. (Potato News Today, Jan. 21st, 2023). This is humongous. So, there's going to be a lot of unwanted biomasses generated.
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.04.519021v1?rss=1 Authors: Gil, B., Rose, J., Demurtas, D., Mancini, G.-F., Sordet-Dessimoz, J., Sorrentino, V., Rudinskiy, N., Frosh, M. P., Hyman, B. T., Moniatte, M., Spires-Jones, T. L., Herron, C. E., Schmid, A. W. Abstract: In Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyloid-beta (A{beta}) oligomers are considered an appealing therapeutic- and diagnostic target. However, to date, the molecular mechanisms associated with the pathological accumulation or structure of A{beta} oligomers remains an enigma to the scientific community. Here we demonstrate the strong seeding properties of unique A{beta} fragment signatures and show that the truncated A{beta}peptides of residues A{beta}1-23, A{beta}1-24 and A{beta}1-25, rapidly seed to form small, SDS-PAGE stable assemblies of ~5kDa to ~14kDa molecular mass range. Mass spectrometry analysis of SDS-PAGE fractionated and gel extracted oligomers revealed that the truncated A{beta} isoforms of residues 1-23 to 1-25 form stable entities with low molecular weight (LMW) oligomers, which strongly resemble the regularly reported A{beta} entities of putative dimeric or trimeric assemblies found in human post-mortem AD and Tg mouse brain extracts. Furthermore, electrophysiological recordings in the mouse hippocampus indicate that LMW A{beta} assemblies formed by fragments A{beta}1-23 to A{beta}1-25 significantly impair long-term-potentiation (LTP) in the absence of full-length A{beta}1-42. Extensive antibody screening highlights the important observation, that the LMW A{beta} assemblies formed by these truncated A{beta} peptides escape immuno-detection using conventional, conformation specific antibodies but, more importantly, the clinical antibody aducanumab. Our novel findings suggest that there are new A{beta} target loopholes which can be exploited for the development of therapeutic antibodies with binding properties against stable target hotspots present in A{beta} oligomers. We provide here a first example of a new class of monoclonal antibody with unique binding properties against LMW A{beta} oligomers, in the absence of binding to large fibrillar A{beta} assemblies, or dense amyloid plaques. Our research supports a novel, unparalleled approach for targeting early, pathological A{beta} species during the insidious phase of AD and prior to the appearance of large oligomeric or protofibrilar assemblies. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.04.515179v1?rss=1 Authors: D'Augustin, O., Gaudon, V., Siberchicot, C., Smith, R., Chapuis, C., DEPAGNE, J., Veaute, X., BUSSO, D., Di-Guilmi, A.-M., Castaing, B., Radicella, J. P., Campalans, A., Huet, S. Abstract: The DNA-glycosylase OGG1 oversees the detection and clearance of the 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), which is the most frequent form of oxidized base in the genome. This lesion is deeply buried within the double-helix and its detection requires careful inspection of the bases by OGG1 via a mechanism that remains only partially understood. By analyzing OGG1 dynamics in the nucleus of living human cells, we demonstrate that the glycosylase constantly scans the DNA by rapidly alternating between diffusion within the nucleoplasm and short transits on the DNA. This scanning process, that we find to be tightly regulated by the conserved residue G245, is crucial for the rapid recruitment of OGG1 at oxidative lesions induced by laser micro-irradiation. Furthermore, we show that residues Y203, N149 and N150, while being all involved in early stages of 8-oxoG probing by OGG1 based on previous structural data, differentially regulate the scanning of the DNA and recruitment to oxidative lesions. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC
Heart-wrenching interview with chemist and 9/11 researcher Kevin Ryan who says additional research needed to pinpoint what's killing tens of thousands of 9/11 emergency responders isn't being funded because no one wants to "go there" and look further at evidence indicating that high-energy thermitic explosions are most likely causing the high death toll among first responders.
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Join Tim and Kim as they talk about all your favorite potential residues in beef, from hormones and antibiotics to genetically-modified crops, with Dr. Joe Schwarcz, Director of the Office for Science and Society at McGill University.CitationDoyle, E. (2000). Human Safety of Hormone Implants Used to Promote Growth in Cattle. 24.Hirpessa, B., Ulusoy, B., Hecer, C. (2020). Hormones and Hormonal Anabolics: Residues in Animal Source Food, Potential Public Health Impacts, and Methods of Analysis. Retrieved August 9, 2022, from https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jfq/2020/5065386/Jeong, S.-H., Kang, D.-J., Lim, M.-W., Kang, C.-S., & Sung, H.-J. (2010). Risk Assessment of Growth Hormones and Antimicrobial Residues in Meat. Toxicological Research, 26(4), 301–313. https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2010.26.4.301Kumar, S. (2018). Adverse effects on consumer's health caused by hormones administered in cattle. 10.Ramatla, T., Ngoma, L., Adetunji, M., & Mwanza, M. (2017). Evaluation of Antibiotic Residues in Raw Meat Using Different Analytical Methods. Antibiotics, 6(4), 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics6040034Smith, Z. K., & Johnson, B. J. (2020). Mechanisms of steroidal implants to improve beef cattle growth: A review. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 48(1), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2020.1751642Thieme, D., & Hemmersbach, P. (Eds.). (2010). Doping in Sports (Vol. 195). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79088-4
Max Tegmark is a cosmologist and renowned physicist. In this interview, we discuss his work on the history ofName-dropping residue purity Cygnus
The harrowing story of the GOOD MADAM, begins with the death of her grandmother, the woman who raised her, Tsidi (Chumisa Cosa) and her daughter are forced to move in with Tsidi's estranged mother, Mavis (Nosipho Mtebe), who has lived and worked in the wealthy suburbs of Cape Town for most of Tsidi's life. Residues of apartheid-era domestic servitude confront legacies of colonial land theft in South African auteur Jenna Cato Bass's daring horror-satire. Jenna Cato Bass (High Fantasy, Flatland) transforms the legacies of South Africa's colonial land theft and Black domestic service to white bosses into a gutsy psychological thriller. Co-written with Babalwa Baartman, Mlungu Wam (Good Madam) grapples with the daily violence that haunts the nation's most pressing political issues, long after the end of apartheid. Summoning horror-satire references from Ousmane Sembène's Black Girl to Jordan Peele's Get Out, Bass and Baartman's suspenseful descent into complex, searing allegory insists on reckoning with the enduring presence of traumas deceptively labelled “history.” Director Jenny Cato Bass and co-screenwriter Babalwa Baartman join us for a conversation on the inspiration for GOOD MADAM, impact and legacy on today's South Africa, their on-going collaboration, and the superb cast of actors who helped them realize their vision. For more on Good Madam go to: shudder.com
This week, I sat down with Sheryl Lindros Dolan, Senior Regulatory Consultant with B&C and Senior Regulatory Specialist with our consulting affiliate, The Acta Group, and Meibao Zhuang, Ph.D., Senior Scientist/Regulatory Consultant with B&C and Acta, to discuss pesticide tolerances, what are they, how does the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) develop them, and how well government and industry stakeholders communicate their utility in ensuring a safe and reliable food supply. We also wander into the complex world of soil amendments and adjuvants, so if you do not know what these are, listen up. ALL MATERIALS IN THIS PODCAST ARE PROVIDED SOLELY FOR INFORMATIONAL AND ENTERTAINMENT PURPOSES. THE MATERIALS ARE NOT INTENDED TO CONSTITUTE LEGAL ADVICE OR THE PROVISION OF LEGAL SERVICES. ALL LEGAL QUESTIONS SHOULD BE ANSWERED DIRECTLY BY A LICENSED ATTORNEY PRACTICING IN THE APPLICABLE AREA OF LAW. ©2022 Bergeson & Campbell, P.C. All Rights Reserved
The use of pesticides in global agriculture brings with it many problems including the killing of non-target, beneficial species as well as reversing pest-management gains from the use of conservation agriculture methods. In a newly published study by researchers at Penn State University, the use of plant cover, such as cover crops, was shown to […]
On this episode of The Best of Bias Podcast Lydell Dinero joined by AKA, Sean_ E, and LBZ discuss various sports and pop culture topics from the last couple weeks. Tune in as they discuss NFL Free agency, The struggle in the Ukraine, update on Tory lanez and Meg the stallion's case, and much more. Don't miss an all new episode of the Best of Bias Podcast.
The herbicide glyphosate has been used for decades, with increased use paralleling the adoption of genetically engineered crops. The compound has a strong safety record and international regulatory consensus stating no unique health risks when [...] The post 307 – Glyphosate Residues and Dietary Exposure first appeared on Talking Biotech Podcast.
Today on Life well lived,Omobola host Rev.(Dr.) Marisha Stewart,a divorce Coach,licensed Minister,and a podcast host. Dr. Marisha will be sharing her real-life experience as a divorcee,a co-parent,and also fulfilling her life purpose after her divorce.She has received healing from the residue and emotional trauma of divorce and she's on a mission to help women alike work through the challenges of divorce,single mum,co-parenting, to living a purposeful life. These and more she's set to contribute on the show.Be ready for an amazing time.Welcome to Life well lived by Omobola Stephen.Rev.(Dr.) Marisha Stewart website: www.iamthelionessqueen.comFacebook: Lioness QueenInstagram: revdrlionessqueen Twitter: lionessqueen727
Sean and Dave talk through the art of cleaning LV flooring, which is the main maintenance required. This daily process replaces all of the polishing and refinishing of VCT flooring. Oh, and Sean says the LV flooring is now 60 % of the flooring market! Better get on track with your education on this! Sean DeVore District Manager c: 352-630-9884 e: sean.devore@mannington.com
Sean and Dave talk through the art of cleaning LV flooring, which is the main maintenance required. This daily process replaces all of the polishing and refinishing of VCT flooring. Oh, and Sean says the LV flooring is now 60 % of the flooring market! Better get on track with your education on this! Sean DeVore District Manager c: 352-630-9884 e: sean.devore@mannington.com
In this episode of Environmentality. I sit down with Dr. Lynne Carpenter-Boggs, Full Professor in the Crops and Soil Science Department at Washington State University to discuss nutrient cycling on many scales. We discuss the importance of returning nutrients back into agriculture systems in order to achieve more sustainable production systems, along with the potential to use composted bio-solids (human feces) and human bodies in this process.Dr. Carpenter-Boggs talks about the novelty of human composting, the regulations involved in pioneering the research and the status of this alternative funeral process today. We also chat about the importance of microorganisms in soils, along with many food production systems such as conservation, no-till and rotational agriculture systems. The focus of these agriculture systems being the preservation of soil health and stability.To learn more about her research, click here.To connect with Dr. Carpenter-Boggs, click here.
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.11.377994v1?rss=1 Authors: Makarov, M., Meng, J., Tretyachenko, V., Srb, P., Brezinova, A., Giacobelli, V. G., Bednarova, L., Vondrasek, J., Dunker, A. K., Hlouchova, K. Abstract: It is well-known that the large diversity of protein functions and structures is derived from the broad spectrum of physicochemical properties of the 20 canonical amino acids. According to the generally accepted hypothesis, protein evolution was continuously associated with enrichment of this alphabet, increasing stability, specificity and spectrum of catalytic functions. Aromatic amino acids are considered the latest addition to genetic code. The main objective of this study was to test whether enzymatic catalysis can spare the aromatic amino acids (aromatics) by determining the effect of amino acid alphabet reduction on structure and function of dephospho-CoA kinase (DPCK). We designed two mutant variants of a putative DPCK from Aquifex aeolicus by substituting (i) Tyr, Phe and Trp or (ii) all aromatics (including His), i.e. ~10% of the total sequence. Their structural characterization indicates that removal of aromatic amino acids may support rich secondary structure content although inevitably impairs a firm globular arrangement. Both variants still possess ATPase activity, although with 150-300 times lower efficiency in comparison with the wild-type phosphotransferase activity. The transfer of the phosphate group to the dephospho-CoA substrate is however heavily uncoupled and only one of the variants is still able to perform the reaction. Here we provide support to the hypothesis that proteins in the early stages of life could support at least some enzymatic activities, despite lower efficiencies resulting from the lack of a firm hydrophobic core. Based on the presented data we hypothesize that further protein scaffolding role may be provided by ligands upon binding. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
This week we talk about the nutritional value of crop residues for cattle. These acres are valuable but have a limited “shelf-life”. Tune in to find out the basic on this alternative grazing option. The Potential of Grazing Grain Sorghum Residue Following Harvest PSS-2607 Nitrate Toxicity in Livestock PSS-2903 Prussic Acid Poisoning PSS-2904
Today we look at some of the colonial legacies in discourses around girls’ education. With me are Chris Kirchgasler and Karishma Desai. They’ve recently published an article entitled, “’Girl’ in Crisis: Colonial Residues of Domesticity in Transnational School Reforms,” which was published in the Comparative Education Review. Chris Kirchgasler is an Assistant Professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Karishma Desai is an assistant Professor at Rutgers Graduate School of Education. https://freshedpodcast.com/kirchgasler-desai/ -- Get in touch! Twitter: @FreshEdpodcast Facebook: FreshEd Email: info@freshedpodcast.com
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.29.360867v1?rss=1 Authors: Chen, Y.-R., Hsiao, N.-W., Huang, S.-S., Chang, C.-C., Lee, Y.-Z., Tsai, J.-R., Lin, H.-C., Toullec, J.-Y., Lee, C.-Y., Lyu, P.-C. Abstract: A neuropeptide (Sco-CHH-L), belonging to the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) superfamily and preferentially expressed in the pericardial organs (POs) of the mud crab Scylla olivacea, was functionally and structurally studied. Its expression levels were significantly higher than the alternative splice form (Sco-CHH) in the POs and increased significantly after animals were subjected to a hypo-osmotic stress. Sco-CHH-L, but not Sco-CHH, significantly stimulated in vitro the Na+, K+-ATPase activity in the posterior (6th) gills. Furthermore, solution structure of Sco-CHH-L was resolved using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealing that it has an N-terminal tail, three -helices (2, Gly9-Asn28; 3, His34-Gly38; 5, Glu62-Arg72), and a {pi}-helix ({pi}4, Cys43-Tyr53) and is structurally constrained by a pattern of disulfide bonds (Cys7-Cys43, Cys23-Cys39, Cys26-Cys52), which is characteristic of the CHH superfamily-peptides. Sco-CHH-L is topologically most similar to the molt-inhibiting hormone from the Kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus with a backbone root-mean-square-deviation of 3.12 [A]. Ten residues of Sco-CHH-L were chosen for alanine-substituted and the resulting mutants were functionally tested using the gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity assay, showing that the functionally important residues (I2, F3, E45, D69, I71, G73) are located at either end of the sequence, which are sterically close to each other and presumably constitutes the receptor binding sites. Sco-CHH-L was compared with other members of the superfamily revealing a molecular architecture, which is suggested to be common for the crustacean members of the superfamily, with the properties of the residues constituting the presumed receptor binding sites being the major factors dictating the ligand-receptor binding specificity. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.13.338046v1?rss=1 Authors: Hou, Q., Pucci, F., Ancien, F., Kwasigroch, J. M., Bourgeas, R., Rooman, M. Abstract: Motivation: Although structured proteins adopt their lowest free energy conformation in physiological conditions, the individual residues are generally not in their lowest free energy conformation. Residues that are stability weaknesses are often involved in functional regions, whereas stability strengths ensure local structural stability. The detection of strengths and weaknesses provides key information to guide protein engineering experiments aiming to modulate folding and various functional processes. Results: We developed the SWOTein predictor which identifies strong and weak residues in proteins on the basis of three types of statistical energy functions describing local interactions along the chain, hydrophobic forces and tertiary interactions. The large-scale comparison of the different types of strengths and weaknesses showed their complementarity and the enhancement of the information they provide. We applied SWOTein to apocytochrome b562 and found good agreement between predicted strengths and weaknesses and native hydrogen exchange data. Its application to an amino acid-binding protein identified the hinge at the basis of the conformational change. SWOTein is both fast and accurate and can be applied at small and large scale to analyze and modulate folding and molecular recognition processes. Availability: The SWOTein webserver provides the list of predicted strengths and weaknesses and a protein structure visualization tool that facilitates the interpretation of the predictions. It is freely available for academic use at http://babylone.ulb.ac.be/SWOTein. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.18.303644v1?rss=1 Authors: Li, A., Stroik, D. R., Yuen, S. L., Kleinboehl, E., Cornea, R. L., Thomas, D. D. Abstract: The Ca-ATPase isoform 2a (SERCA2a) re-sequesters cytosolic Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of cardiac myocytes, enabling muscle relaxation during diastole. A central factor in heart failure is abnormally high cytosolic [Ca2+], resulting in pathophysiology and decreased cardiac performance. Therefore, augmentation of the SERCA2a Ca2+ transport activity is a promising therapeutic approach. A novel transmembrane peptide, dwarf open reading frame (DWORF), is proposed to enhance SR Ca2+ uptake and myocyte contractility by displacing the protein phospholamban (PLB) from its inhibitory site on SERCA2a. In the present study, we have developed several cell-based FRET biosensor systems for time-resolved FRET (TR-FRET) measurements of the protein-protein interactions and structural changes in SERCA2a complexes with PLB and/or DWORF. To test the hypothesis that DWORF competes with PLB to occupy the putative SERCA2a binding site, we transiently transfected DWORF into a stable cell line expressing SERCA2a labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP, the FRET donor) and PLB labeled with red fluorescent protein (RFP, the FRET acceptor). We observed a significant decrease in FRET efficiency, consistent with a decrease in the fraction of SERCA2a bound to PLB. Functional analysis demonstrates that DWORF activates SERCA in both the presence and absence of PLB. Furthermore, using site-directed mutagenesis, we generated DWORF variants that do not activate SERCA, thus identifying residues that are necessary for functional SERCA2a-DWORF interactions. This work advances our mechanistic understanding of the regulation of SERCA2a by small transmembrane proteins and sets the stage for future therapeutic development in heart failure research. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.17.301820v1?rss=1 Authors: Nyenhuis, S. B., Karandikar, N., Kiessling, V., Kreutzberger, A., Thapa, A., Liang, B., Tamm, L. K., Cafiso, D. S. Abstract: Synaptotagmin 1 is a vesicle-anchored membrane protein that functions as the Ca2+ sensor for synchronous neurotransmitter release. In this work, an arginine containing region in the second C2 domain of synaptotagmin 1 (C2B) is shown to control the expansion of the fusion pore and thereby the concentration of neurotransmitter released. This arginine apex, which is opposite the Ca2+ binding sites, interacts with membranes or membrane reconstituted SNAREs; however, only the membrane interactions occur under the conditions in which fusion takes place. Other regions of C2B influence the probably and kinetics of fusion but do not control the expansion of the fusion pore. These data indicate that the C2B domain has at least two distinct molecular roles in the fusion event, and the data are consistent with a novel model where the arginine apex of C2B positions the domain at the curved membrane surface of the expanding fusion pore. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
A pre-harvest interval is the amount of time that’s required between a product application and cutting the crop in anyway — not just harvest. A PHI can always be found on a product label, and following the recommendation can help the crop dry down faster and keep product residues within maximum residue limits. “When it... Read More
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.14.296111v1?rss=1 Authors: Erkip, A., Hacisuleyman, A., Erman, B., Erman, B. Abstract: We developed a Dynamic Gaussian Network Model to study perturbation and response in proteins. The model is based on the solution of the Langevin equation in the presence of noise and perturbation. A residue is perturbed periodically with a given frequency and the response of other residues is determined in terms of a storage and loss modulus of the protein. The amount of work lost upon periodic perturbation and the residues that contribute significantly to the lost work is determined. The model shows that perturbation introduces new dynamic correlations into the system with time delayed synchronous and asynchronous components. Residues whose perturbation induces large correlations in the protein and those that do not lead to correlations may be identified. The model is used to investigate the dynamic modulation of nanobodies. Despite its simplicity, the model explains several features of perturbation and response such as the role of loops and linkers in perturbation, dispersion of work of perturbation, and information transfer through preexisting pathways, all shown to be important factors in allostery. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.10.290932v1?rss=1 Authors: Kumar, A., Kumar, A., Kumar, P., Garg, N., Giri, R. Abstract: Nonstructural protein 1 (NSP1) of SARS-CoV-2 plays a key role in downregulation of RIG-I pathways and interacts with 40 S ribosome. Recently, the cryo-EM structure in complex with 40S ribosome is deciphered. However, the structure of full length NSP1 without any partner has not been studies. Also, the conformation of NSP1-C terminal region in isolation is not been studied. In this study, we have investigated the conformational dynamics of NSP1C-terminal region (NSP1-CTR; amino acids 130-180) in isolation and under different solvent environments. The NSP1-CTR is found to be intrinsically disordered in aqueous solution. Further, we used alpha helix inducer, trifluoroethanol, and found induction of alpha helical conformation using CD spectroscopy. Additionally, in the presence of SDS, NSP1-CTR is showing a conformational change from disordered to ordered, possibly gaining alpha helix in part. But in presence of neutral lipid DOPC, a slight change in conformation is observed. This implies the possible role of hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic interaction on the conformational changes of NSP1. The changes in structural conformation were further studied by fluorescence-based studies, which showed significant blue shift and fluorescence quenching in the presence of SDS and TFE. Lipid vesicles also showed fluorescence-based quenching. In agreement to these result, fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence anisotropy decay suggests a change in conformational dynamics. The zeta potential studies further validated that the conformational dynamics is mostly because of hydrophobic interaction. In last, these experimental studies were complemented through Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation which have also shown a good correlation and testify our experiments. We believe that the intrinsically disordered nature of the NSP1-CTR will have implications in disorder based binding promiscuity with its interacting proteins. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.25.266015v1?rss=1 Authors: Chavalwan, T., Hasan, F. A. H., Cheesman, P., Yusuf, R., Draheim, R. R. Abstract: The Escherichia coli sensor kinase EnvZ modulates porin expression in response to various stimuli including intracellular osmolarity, intracellular pH and periplasmic interaction with MzrA. The expression of two major outer membrane porins, OmpF and OmpC, are regulated by EnvZ, and act as passive diffusion-limited pores allowing compounds, including certain classes of antibiotics such as {beta}-lactams and fluoroquinolones, to enter the bacterial cell. Even though allosteric processing occurs within both the periplasmic and cytoplasmic domains of EnvZ, how the transmembrane domain bi-directionally transmits these signals remains not fully understood. Here, we employ a library of single-Cys-containing EnvZ proteins to perform scan-SCAM in order to map the precise residue composition of TM1. Our results demonstrate that residue positions 19 through 30 reside within the membrane core and compose a tightly packed portion of TM1. We also show that positions 15 through 18 and position 31 are interfacial and slightly splayed apart compared to those tightly packed within the hydrophobic core. Finally, we reveal that residue positions 33 and 34 reside in the periplasm and participate in robust protein-protein interactions, while the periplasmic positions 35 through 41 exhibit helical periodicity. We conclude by synthesizing these new insights with recent high-resolution structural information into a model of membrane-spanning allosteric coupling between the periplasmic and cytoplasmic domains of EnvZ. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.06.240101v1?rss=1 Authors: St Clair, R., Teti, M., Pavlovic, M., Hahn, W., Barenholtz, E. Abstract: Computer-aided rational vaccine design (RVD) and synthetic pharmacology are rapidly developing fields that leverage existing datasets for developing compounds of interest. Computational proteomics utilizes algorithms and models to probe proteins for functional prediction. A potentially strong target for such a computational approach is autoimmune antibodies which are the result of broken tolerance in the immune system where it cannot distinguish self from non-self resulting in attack of its own structures (proteins and DNA, mainly). The information on structure, function and pathogenicity of autoantibodies may assist in engineering RVD against autoimmune diseases. Current computational approaches exploit large datasets curated with extensive domain knowledge, most of which include the need for many computational resources and have been applied indirectly to problems of interest for DNA, RNA, and monomer protein binding. Here, we present a novel method for discovering potential binding sites. We employed long short-term memory (LSTM) models trained on FASTA primary sequences directly to predict protein binding in DNA-binding hydrolytic antibodies (abzymes). We also employed CNN models applied to the same dataset. While the CNN model outperformed the LSTM on the primary task of binding prediction, analysis of internal model representations of both models showed that the LSTM models highlighted sub-sequences that were more strongly correlated with sites known to be involved in binding. These results demonstrate that analysis of internal processes of recurrent neural network models may serve as a powerful tool for primary sequence analysis. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.19.211169v1?rss=1 Authors: Chen, M., Chen, X., Jin, S., Lu, W., Lin, X., Wolynes, P. G. Abstract: 1Recent advances in machine learning, bioinformatics and the understanding of the folding problem have enabled efficient predictions of protein structures with moderate accuracy, even for targets when there is little information from templates. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations provide a route to refine such predicted structures, but unguided atomistic simulations, even when lengthy in time, often fail to eliminate incorrect structural features that would allow the structure to become more energetically favorable owing to the necessity of making large scale motions and overcoming energy barriers for side chain repacking. In this study, we show that localizing packing frustration at atomic resolution by examining the statistics of the energetic changes that occur when the local environment of a site is changed allows one to identify the most likely locations of incorrect contacts. The global statistics of atomic resolution frustration in structures that have been predicted using various algorithms provide strong indicators of structural quality when tested over a database of 20 targets from previous CASP experiments. Residues that are more correctly located turn out to be more minimally frustrated than more poorly positioned sites. These observations provide a diagnosis of both global and local quality of predicted structures, and thus can be used as guidance in all-atom refinement simulations of the 20 targets. Refinement simulations guided by atomic packing frustration turn out to be quite efficient and significantly improve the quality of the structures. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Sean and Dave get into a discussion about chemical buildup, masks, hand sanitizer, and handwashing stations...and talk LIVE with a listener from India. Are you ready for tape residue on carpets? What is going to happen when all the kids start walking on the signs taped to the floors? Listen as the guys talk this trough. Sean DeVore District Managerc: 352-630-9884e: sean.devore@mannington.com
Sean and Dave get into a discussion about chemical buildup, masks, hand sanitizer, and handwashing stations...and talk LIVE with a listener from India. Are you ready for tape residue on carpets? What is going to happen when all the kids start walking on the signs taped to the floors? Listen as the guys talk this trough. Sean DeVore District Manager c: 352-630-9884e: sean.devore@mannington.com
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.11.145466v1?rss=1 Authors: Epstein, M., Maxwell, S., Piggot, T. J., Beeson, D., Bermudez, I., Biggin, P. C. Abstract: Muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are a class of heteropentameric ligand-gated cation channels with constituent subunits adopting a fixed stoichiometric arrangement. The specific amino acid residues that govern subunit ordering are however, only partially understood. By integrating all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, bioinformatics, two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology and 125I--bungarotoxin assays of chimeric nAChR subunits, we identify residues across the extracellular, transmembrane and extended M4 helix of the {delta} subunit that make structural signatures that contribute to intransigent assembly rules. Furthermore, functional differences observed in 2{delta}2{beta} receptors can be rationalized by changes in dynamical behavior that manifest themselves at the agonist binding site. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
During the EuFMDiS advisory group Meeting held in Rome at the FAO HQ in January 2020, we met Dr. Gabriele Zancanaro from EFSA. We discussed EFSA's pilot project “SIGMA” and the possible collaboration with our modelling project “EuFMDiS”. Dr Zancanaro is a doctor in Veterinary Medicine. He was Head Veterinary Offices of Regione Piemonte: reference for the regional National Plan for Residues and for the Regional Observatory of Anatomo-Pathology (ORAP). He has worked for EFSA since 2008 in the Assessment and Methodological Unit and in the Animal Health and Welfare Team where is also project manager of the “SIGMA” Pilot project.
In this episode of the 2020 R&D Season, Just Science interviews Dr. Tatiana Trejos, Assistant Professor of the Department of Forensic and Investigative Sciences at West Virginia University, about the rapid detection of organic and inorganic gunshot residue. Speed and accuracy are vital when it comes to the analysis of gunshot residue. Dr. Trejos and her team are working on a comprehensive method for studying both organic and inorganic gunshot residue utilizing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. This method focuses on providing accurate results, reducing wait time, and preserving the evidence. Listen along as she discusses chemometrics and a novel tool for analyzing organic and inorganic gunshot residue in this episode of Just Science. This season is funded by the National Institute of Justice’s Forensic Technology Center of Excellence.
A meditation to release residues. Good to practice before you go to bed. Another great podcast recommended by us if you find it difficult to sleep is https://anchor.fm/sleeppodcast --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/karmicresearchcentre/message
Rare Frequency Podcast 65 - Q Edition One 1 Asher Tuil, "ii" East Somerville Stories (Bandcamp) 2020 2 Nihiloxica, "Dubugwanjuba" Biiri (Nyege Nyege Tapes) 2020 3 CEL (Felix Kubin & Hubert Zemler), "Lichtton" CEL (Felix Kubin & Hubert Zemler) (Bureau B) 2020 4 MANAS, "Ah! the waving lespedeza,Which spills not a drop Of the clear dew!"e; MANAS III (Feeding Tube) 2017 5 Will Guthrie, "Catlike" Nist Nah (Black Truffle) 2020 6 Meryll Ampe, "Residues of Time I" Residues of Time (Scum Yr. Earth) 2020 7 Moor Mother, "After Images" After Images” Analog Fluids for Sonic Black Holes (Don Giovanni) 2019 8 Sympathy Nervous, "Sympathetic Nerves" Sympathy Nervous (Minimal Wave) 2019 (orig 1980) 9 Jan St. Werner, "On The Infinite Of Universe and Worlds" Molocular Meditation (Editions Mego) 2020 10 Andrea Pensado, "For Them & Machault" As Within So Without (FTAM) 2019 11 Jennifer Walshe, "Guillaume De Machaut: Messe de Notre Dame, Agnus Dei”" A Late Anthology of Early Music, Vol. 1: Ancient to Renaissance (Tetbind) 2020 12 Anne-F Jacques & Tim Olive, "A3" Bistre (Tsss) 2020 13 Enrico Malatesta, "Side A" Bestiario, Vol 2 (Senufo) 2012 14 Minoru Sato / Asuna, "Song for Two" One As Two (Senufo) 2010 15 Supermalprodelica, "Don’t Talk To Me About Love (Extended Version)" Supermalprodelica CLD (Scum Yr Earth) 2019 16 Clara de Asis, "Sans nom ni forme" Sans Nom Ni Forme (Pilgrim Talk) 2020 17 Sarah Davachi, "Dysis" Horae (Bandcamp) 2020 18 Beatriz Ferreyra, "L’autre … Ou Le Chant Des Marecages" Echoes + (Room40) 2020 19 Marja Ahti, "Entering a Cloud" Entering a Cloud (Longform) 2018 20 crys cole, "In Praise of Blandness (Chapter IX)" Beside Myself (Students of Decay) 2020 21 Leyland Kirby, "Bursts of Anxiety" We, so tired of all the darkness in our lives (History Always Favors the Winners) 2017
Christopher Simmons UC Davis
Increasing herbicide use over the last two decades has led to concerns over the potential effects herbicides (and their residues) have on soil health. This concern has led to significant, national GRDC investment over the past five years into the potential impacts of increased herbicide use on key soil biological processes. This is being achieved by benchmarking the level of herbicide residues in cropping soils and generating new knowledge about the fate, behaviour and risk of herbicides to productivity and soil biological function. In this podcast we hear the latest project from NSW Department of Primary Industries research scientist, Dr Mick Rose. Contact: Mick Rose mick.rose@nsw.dpi.gov.au More information • https://grdc.com.au/resources-and-publications/grdc-update-papers/tab-content/grdc-update-papers/2019/02/herbicide-residues-in-soil-what-is-the-scale-and-significance • https://grdc.com.au/resources-and-publications/grdc-update-papers/tab-content/grdc-update-papers/2018/02/impacts-of-residual-herbicides-on-soil-biological-function GRDC project code: DAN00180
Talk to a Dr. Berg Keto Consultant today and get the help you need on your journey (free consultation). Call 1-540-299-1557 with your questions about Keto, Intermittent Fasting, or the use of Dr. Berg products. Consultants are available Monday through Friday from 8:30 am to 9 pm EST. Saturday & Sunday 9 am to 5 pm EST. USA Only. Take Dr. Berg's Free Keto Mini-Course! Dr. Berg talks about DDT and how many people are exposed despite having this chemical being banned in 1972. Read This: http://www.panna.org/resources/ddt-story Dr. Eric Berg DC Bio: Dr. Berg, 51 years of age is a chiropractor who specializes in weight loss through nutritional & natural methods. His private practice is located in Alexandria, Virginia. His clients include senior officials in the U.S. government & the Justice Department, ambassadors, medical doctors, high-level executives of prominent corporations, scientists, engineers, professors, and other clients from all walks of life. He is the author of The 7 Principles of Fat Burning. ABOUT DR. BERG: https://bit.ly/2FwSQQT DR. BERG'S STORY: https://bit.ly/2RwY5GP DR. BERG'S SHOP: https://bit.ly/2RN11yv DR. BERG'S VIDEO BLOG: https://bit.ly/2AZYyHt DR. BERG'S HEALTH COACHING TRAINING: https://bit.ly/2SZlH3o Follow us on FACEBOOK: https://www.messenger.com/t/drericberg TWITTER: https://twitter.com/DrBergDC YOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/user/drericberg123 Send a Message to Dr. Berg and his team: https://www.messenger.com/t/drericberg
RBC’s Andrew Schrumm discusses the bank’s ‘Farmer 4.0’ report and the decisions farm sector players and policymakers need to make now for Canada to be an ag superpower; Rob Gobeil of the Canadian Agricultural Safety Association reviews a recent criminal negligence case and how farm families with young children can […]
Dr. Jim focuses on which foods are known to have the most pesticide residues and gives ways to avoid them. If you have any questions visit STLBackDoc.com
For Earth Day we have a special Living 4D conversation in store for you – as Dave Murphy (today’s guest) puts it, it’s “a global call to unite for all who care about Mother Earth”. Dave is the founder and executive director of Food Democracy Now!, an organization dedicated to protect family farming and the safety of our planet’s food supply.Today’s conversation ranges over food policy and factory farming, but in particular it focuses on the chemical glyphosate – one of the primary ingredients in the herbicide Roundup.Beyond the podcast, if you’d like to learn more about the damage herbicides like glyphosate do to our food supply, read the free report: Glyphosate: Unsafe on Any Plate.Concerned about your long-term exposure to pesticides and glyphosate? Living 4D listeners can save 5 percent on a hair test at The Detox Project by using the promo code detox5 at checkout!The Detox Project also offers testing services for food and water via a home testing kit too.Show NotesThe biotech industry spent five times more in lobbying to prevent the labeling of genetically modified foods in California. (10:55)Seventy-five percent of America’s food supply — if you’re eating processed foods — is genetically engineered. (12:10)Farmers in India committed suicide in record numbers due to Monsanto convincing them to convert to genetically modified crops. (18:29)Dave’s father predicted an epidemic of cancer in rural America due to the unprotected use of pesticides a long time ago. (25:49)Could Bayer, Monsanto’s new parent company, be worse? (29:17)“Food is not just energy. Food is critical information.” (39:43)A brief history of glyphosate. (48:10)The EPA allows chemical companies to submit their own research to justify product safety. (1:01:37)Residues of pharmaceutical drugs are finding their way into local water systems. (1:06:32)White Wonder Bread contains no glyphosate! (1:17:37)“In the Midwest at land grant universities, soil is not taught [to be] a living, dynamic biological organism.” (1:23:35)Could companies like RootWave help us get rid of weeds without chemicals? (1:28:49)The marketshare for agriculture and the production of seeds is controlled by four or fewer companies at between 60-80 percent. (1:42:09)How to know what’s a legitimate organic certification program. (1:47:52)The concept of regenerative agriculture. (1:59:17)Ever heard of golf course syndrome? (2:04:30)What public areas aren’t being sprayed with glyphosate? (2:06:33)Support nonprofit organizations like the Cornucopia Institute, Center For Food Safety and U.S. Right To Know. (2:19:03)For this episode's resources, click here to visit our website's show notes page.
Gary Johnson, president of SaskOrganics, describes the challenges for organic producers due to the European Union’s tough stance on glyphosate residues, organic specialist Laura Telford talks about the growing demand for organic proteins and some of the export challenges facing Canadian organic producers, David Lobb, University of Manitoba soil scientist, […]
This episode is all about pesticide residues on produce.Overview:Major categories of pesticidesPesticide residues on produce and how they are managedPesticides and HealthWays to minimize pesticide residue exposure from produceThank you for subscribing and sharing the show with your family and friends.Subscribe with this link:linktr.ee/yearofplentyOr subscribe directly using your podcast app. The show is available on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Google Podcasts and many other platforms!Support the podcast on Patreon:https://www.patreon.com/poldiwielandPlease rate and review the show in your podcast app. This always helps the show get ranked so that more curious foodies can explore real food and drink with us.I want to hear from you! Take the LISTENER SURVEY: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/KZW53RTDo you follow the podcast on social media yet?IG: https://www.instagram.com/poldiwieland/Twitter: https://twitter.com/theyearofplentyFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/theyearofplenty/Videos:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0eIWFSyJUohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLUZsnnoAdg&feature=youtu.beDirty Dozen and Clean 15:https://www.ewg.org/foodnews/dirty-dozen.phphttps://www.ewg.org/foodnews/clean-fifteen.phpConsumer Report Articles:https://article.images.consumerreports.org/prod/content/dam/cro/news_articles/health/CR_FSASC_FromCroptoTablePesticides_Mar2015.pdfhttps://www.consumerreports.org/cro/health/natural-health/pesticides/index.htmFor extended show notes and sources to this episode send me an email to theyearofplenty@gmail.com
Has farmland recovered from the drought of 2017? Patrick Cherneski with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada offers a look at moisture conditions on the Prairies and if some regions are in danger of returning to drought, Cam Dahl of Cereals Canada talks about pesticide residues and if producers need to reconsider […]
In this episode you will learn how your ex energy residues can prevent you from attracting the love you want. You will also experience a process to clear the residues form your energy field. Live Inner Journey at 11 min 50. Connect with Murielle at https://datelikeafrenchwoman.com https://www.facebook.com/pg/datelikeafrenchwoman https://www.instagram.com/date_like_a_french_woman Free Self-Confidence Online Masterclass Registration www.licensetoshine.com Free "10 signs he is not the one" guide book at www.jerkspotting.com
The norm in conventional agricultural practice is to make the residue from old crops disappear, a practice that hasn't changed in over 70 years. Explore how California farmers and UC scientists are working together to perfect techniques to maximize the benefits of these crop residues to develop healthier more productive soils, reduce water consumption, and ensure sustainable agricultural production. Series: "Sustainable California" [Science] [Show ID: 32361]
The norm in conventional agricultural practice is to make the residue from old crops disappear, a practice that hasn't changed in over 70 years. Explore how California farmers and UC scientists are working together to perfect techniques to maximize the benefits of these crop residues to develop healthier more productive soils, reduce water consumption, and ensure sustainable agricultural production. Series: "Sustainable California" [Science] [Show ID: 32361]
The norm in conventional agricultural practice is to make the residue from old crops disappear, a practice that hasn't changed in over 70 years. Explore how California farmers and UC scientists are working together to perfect techniques to maximize the benefits of these crop residues to develop healthier more productive soils, reduce water consumption, and ensure sustainable agricultural production. Series: "Sustainable California" [Science] [Show ID: 32361]
The norm in conventional agricultural practice is to make the residue from old crops disappear, a practice that hasn't changed in over 70 years. Explore how California farmers and UC scientists are working together to perfect techniques to maximize the benefits of these crop residues to develop healthier more productive soils, reduce water consumption, and ensure sustainable agricultural production. Series: "Sustainable California" [Science] [Show ID: 32361]
Tonsättaren Jesper Nordin tilldelades 2010 Sveriges största tonsättarpris, Christ Johnsonpriset på 180 000 kr för orkesterverket Residues, vilket betyder spår, efterlämningar. Jesper Nordin bor i Stockholm men hans släktingar i Jämtland var folkmusiker. Låtar finns nedtecknade efter farfarsfarfarsfarfar på 1700-talet. Jesper Nordin kunde dock varken spela instrument eller läsa noter och i tonåren blev det punkmusik och hårdrock. Nu tonsätter Jesper Nordin med hjälp av ritplattan Wacom, vilken är kopplad till datorn. Där skissar han musik som sedan spelas av akustiska musiker. Jesper Nordin använder en specialpenna för att skapa skalor och tonarter, även asiatisk pentatonik och kvartstonskalor, som bl a används i folkmusik. - Residues handlar om verkliga, fysiska spår. I min musik jobbar jag ofta med efterdyningar av svenska folkmusiker. Jesper förklarar med en bild: - Ta tio svenska folkmusiker och låt dem spela i en katedral. Plocka sedan bort musikerna och upplev det som skimrar kvar efteråt, efterklangerna. De blandas och klingar sedan bort. - Det är den folkmusik jag är ute efter i mina stycken. Inte själva låtarna, berättar Jesper Nordin I programmet, där vi bl a hör den kanadensiske musikern Jean-Francois Laport spela sina hemmagjorda Laporte-instrument i Jesper Nordins musikstycken. Åren 2004-06 var Jesper Nordin Sveriges Radio P2:s hustonsättare. Spellista: Residues Jesper Nordin WILLÉN, NIKLAS (DIR) SVERIGES RADIOS SYMFONIORKESTER 2006. JEAN-FRANCOIS LAPORTE, LAPORTE-INSTRUMENT SR P2 Pendant Jesper Nordin Ensemble L'Itinéraire. Dominique Dournaud, dirigent. Privat inspelning Left Hand Path Entombed Entombed CD-titel: Left Hand Path Undercurrents Jesper Nordin Ensemble Orchestral Contemporain. Ludovic Perez, dirigent. SR P2 Residues Jesper Nordin WILLÉN, NIKLAS (DIR) SVERIGES RADIOS SYMFONIORKESTER 2006. JEAN-FRANCOIS LAPORTE, LAPORTE-INSTRUMENT SR P2 CloseEncounter Jesper Nordin JEAN-FRANCOIS LAPORTE: BOL & TU-YO (MED LAPORTE-INSTRUMENT) SR P2, 2009 Width of a Circle Jesper Nordin KammarensembleN. Frank Oly, dir. Jeanett Bjurling, Jessica Bäcklund, Janna Vettergren, sopraner SR P2 Live Nu
Manure no-no’s, cleaning corn to reduce vomitoxin levels, and trying to rush nature — this week’s Wheat Pete’s Word is jam-packed with answers to your toughest questions! Peter Johnson kicks of the Word with a discussion on spreading dry vs. liquid manure on snow, and then gets specific on vomi reduction on corn (including why it’s... Read More
Conventional diets for shedding unwanted depend on self-denial and willpower. They are full of complex methods for dealing with what is commonly known as cheating. Here's an example. Say you go off your diet by eating a piece of chocolate cake. Then you're supposed to tell yourself, "Never mind, tomorrow I'll skip dinner to make up for it." Except that by the time tomorrow arrives, you've developed even more cravings for even more chocolate, carby stuff and sugary drinks. Anybody trying to lose weight this way is doomed to fail. As soon as their diet ends any fat they've shed begins slowly but surely to creep back on. Then they're back where they started. Cura is differentCura is different. Let me tell you how. The secret behind Cura's life-changing success rate is hidden deep within the brain. Yes, really. Here's how it works. On any Cura program, unwanted fat is shed not as the result of strenuous effort or willpower but gently and progressively thanks to Cura's unique ability to restore healthy functioning to the control centers in your brain. Few people—this includes the majority of scientists—even know that the body's fat regulating system is located in an area of the mid-brain called the diencephalon. Probably the most sensitive and complex locus of control in the body, it houses a collection of vital structures including the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary which govern emotions, stress and moods. It oversees the entire autonomic nervous system. The hypothalamus itself links directly to the nervous and endocrine systems via the pituitary. It regulates both hunger and thirst and, with the help of the other members of the diencephalon team, decides whether your body is to lay down fat or shed unwanted fat on your body. Other powerful centers in this area of the brain determine mental functions and emotional balance—even the perceptions we have about ourselves along with heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, electrolyte balance, sexuality and our sleep cycles. Following Cura's specific food protocol and using the Essential Spray—from beginning to end—allows these control centers to function correctly. This is how natural, progressive, effective fat burning takes place without willpower or manipulation. Cura's celebrated success is both as simple and as profound as this. not your fault What few of us realize is that unwanted fat, insulin resistance and the blood sugar issues that come with them are not their fault. Nor are they some accident of fate. These things occur as a result of vital control centers of the brain not functioning as they are meant to in a healthy body. And what messes up the functioning of these control centers? This is important: For more than 70 years we have been misinformed and let astray by governments, pharmaceutical companies and multinational food corporations. We've been told that the way to stay lean and healthy is by following a low-fat high carb diet. We have eaten artificially made foods promoted by the media, multinational food manufacturers and governments. We've told to buy and eat convenience foods, chockablock with carbohydrates, sugars and chemicals. increase in degenerative diseases Doing this has resulted in the rampant increase in degenerative diseases and the widespread dependence on dangerous pharmaceuticals, used only to suppress symptoms but unable to bring true healing to the body. High carb low-fat eating is a major cause of worldwide obesity, addictions and food cravings, as well as the struggles so many experience trying to lose weight. This includes feelings of hopelessness, confusion, self-blame and fear that they will never be able to shed excess fat from our bodies, keep it off, and restore high-level health. Back in the mid-1940s, there were very few poisons sprayed on the foods we bought. They were organically grown on small farms. Today agriculture is big business in control of gigantic corporations whose only goal is fattening their bottom line. In animal farming, drugs such as antibiotics and hormones are injected to boost an animal's growth and cut down on feed requirements virtually all over the world. Residues of these drugs are as hazardous to your own health as they are to the animals that receive them. They undermine your vitality and make those of us with a tendency to gain weight get fat. The level of harm from exposure to pesticides, animal antibiotics and hormones is dose related. This means the more you consume, the greater your potential risk not only of illnesses and long-term degenerative conditions from Heart Disease and Cancer, to serious hormone disorders, depression, Alzheimer’s and distortions in the brain—in many cases from the time of birth to death. Meanwhile all this continues to increase exponentially. convenience foods The convenience foods that line the shelves of supermarkets everywhere are filled with pesticides, chemical additives and GMO. Corporations are intent on selling products that can themselves be destructive to life long term, rather than helping the public learn about the power of natural healing that is carried in the body itself. Eating these foods are responsible for insulin resistance, blood sugar issues and dangerous levels of obesity. If you want to shed excess fat from your body and restore high-level health we need to stop eating them and feeding them to our families. The goals of Cura online programs are two fold: First to guide you progressively through the natural process of shedding unwanted fat from your body. Second they show you how to build whole new ways of living and eating to set you free for to experience long term leanness and radiant health. To my knowledge, no other online program has ever been able to accomplish all this at such a scale. Do join one of our online programs and experience all this for yourself.
Conventional diets for shedding unwanted depend on self-denial and willpower. They are full of complex methods for dealing with what is commonly known as cheating. Here's an example. Say you go off your diet by eating a piece of chocolate cake. Then you're supposed to tell yourself, "Never mind, tomorrow I'll skip dinner to make up for it." Except that by the time tomorrow arrives, you've developed even more cravings for even more chocolate, carby stuff and sugary drinks. Anybody trying to lose weight this way is doomed to fail. As soon as their diet ends any fat they've shed begins slowly but surely to creep back on. Then they're back where they started. Cura is different Cura is different. Let me tell you how. The secret behind Cura's life-changing success rate is hidden deep within the brain. Yes, really. Here's how it works. On any Cura program, unwanted fat is shed not as the result of strenuous effort or willpower but gently and progressively thanks to Cura's unique ability to restore healthy functioning to the control centers in your brain. Few people—this includes the majority of scientists—even know that the body's fat regulating system is located in an area of the mid-brain called the diencephalon. Probably the most sensitive and complex locus of control in the body, it houses a collection of vital structures including the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary which govern emotions, stress and moods. It oversees the entire autonomic nervous system. The hypothalamus itself links directly to the nervous and endocrine systems via the pituitary. It regulates both hunger and thirst and, with the help of the other members of the diencephalon team, decides whether your body is to lay down fat or shed unwanted fat on your body. Other powerful centers in this area of the brain determine mental functions and emotional balance—even the perceptions we have about ourselves along with heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, electrolyte balance, sexuality and our sleep cycles. Following Cura's specific food protocol and using the Essential Spray—from beginning to end—allows these control centers to function correctly. This is how natural, progressive, effective fat burning takes place without willpower or manipulation. Cura's celebrated success is both as simple and as profound as this. not your fault What few of us realize is that unwanted fat, insulin resistance and the blood sugar issues that come with them are not their fault. Nor are they some accident of fate. These things occur as a result of vital control centers of the brain not functioning as they are meant to in a healthy body. And what messes up the functioning of these control centers? This is important: For more than 70 years we have been misinformed and let astray by governments, pharmaceutical companies and multinational food corporations. We've been told that the way to stay lean and healthy is by following a low-fat high carb diet. We have eaten artificially made foods promoted by the media, multinational food manufacturers and governments. We've told to buy and eat convenience foods, chockablock with carbohydrates, sugars and chemicals. increase in degenerative diseases Doing this has resulted in the rampant increase in degenerative diseases and the widespread dependence on dangerous pharmaceuticals, used only to suppress symptoms but unable to bring true healing to the body. High carb low-fat eating is a major cause of worldwide obesity, addictions and food cravings, as well as the struggles so many experience trying to lose weight. This includes feelings of hopelessness, confusion, self-blame and fear that they will never be able to shed excess fat from our bodies, keep it off, and restore high-level health. Back in the mid-1940s, there were very few poisons sprayed on the foods we bought. They were organically grown on small farms. Today agriculture is big business in control of gigantic corporations whose only goal is fattening their bottom line. In animal farming, drugs such as antibiotics and hormones are injected to boost an animal's growth and cut down on feed requirements virtually all over the world. Residues of these drugs are as hazardous to your own health as they are to the animals that receive them. They undermine your vitality and make those of us with a tendency to gain weight get fat. The level of harm from exposure to pesticides, animal antibiotics and hormones is dose related. This means the more you consume, the greater your potential risk not only of illnesses and long-term degenerative conditions from Heart Disease and Cancer, to serious hormone disorders, depression, Alzheimer’s and distortions in the brain—in many cases from the time of birth to death. Meanwhile all this continues to increase exponentially. convenience foods The convenience foods that line the shelves of supermarkets everywhere are filled with pesticides, chemical additives and GMO. Corporations are intent on selling products that can themselves be destructive to life long term, rather than helping the public learn about the power of natural healing that is carried in the body itself. Eating these foods are responsible for insulin resistance, blood sugar issues and dangerous levels of obesity. If you want to shed excess fat from your body and restore high-level health we need to stop eating them and feeding them to our families. The goals of Cura online programs are two fold: First to guide you progressively through the natural process of shedding unwanted fat from your body. Second they show you how to build whole new ways of living and eating to set you free for to experience long term leanness and radiant health. To my knowledge, no other online program has ever been able to accomplish all this at such a scale. Do join one of our online programs and experience all this for yourself.
Residues of the antimicrobial agent triclosan can paradoxically boost bacterial growth in our bodies, by giving microbes a comfortable biofilm in which to rest. Christopher Intagliata reports
Tonsättaren Jesper Nordin tilldelades 2010 Sveriges största tonsättarpris, Christ Johnsonpriset på 180 000 kr för orkesterverket Residues, vilket betyder spår, efterlämningar. Jesper Nordin bor i Stockholm men hans släktingar i Jämtland var folkmusiker. Låtar finns nedtecknade efter farfarsfarfarsfarfar på 1700-talet. Jesper Nordin kunde dock varken spela instrument eller läsa noter och i tonåren blev det punkmusik och hårdrock. Nu tonsätter Jesper Nordin med hjälp av ritplattan Wacom, vilken är kopplad till datorn. Där skissar han musik som sedan spelas av akustiska musiker. Jesper Nordin använder en specialpenna för att skapa skalor och tonarter, även asiatisk pentatonik och kvartstonskalor, som bl a används i folkmusik.- Residues handlar om verkliga, fysiska spår. I min musik jobbar jag ofta med efterdyningar av svenska folkmusiker. Jesper förklarar med en bild:- Ta tio svenska folkmusiker och låt dem spela i en katedral. Plocka sedan bort musikerna och upplev det som skimrar kvar efteråt, efterklangerna. De blandas och klingar sedan bort.- Det är den folkmusik jag är ute efter i mina stycken. Inte själva låtarna, berättar Jesper Nordin I programmet, där vi bl a hör den kanadensiske musikern Jean-Francois Laport spela sina hemmagjorda Laporte-instrument i Jesper Nordins musikstycken. Åren 2004-06 var Jesper Nordin Sveriges Radio P2:s hustonsättare. Manus och produktion: Birgitta Tollan
Phil Reid, Indiana State BQA Coordinator, discusses drug residues and dairy cattle.
Antibiotic Residues: Are antibiotic residues really a concern in milk? Listen as Dr. Mike Schutz discusses the steps producers and retailers take to insure a healthy food product.
Burning coal in electric utility plants produces, in addition to power, residues that contain constituents which may be harmful to the environment. The management of large volumes of coal combustion residues (CCRs) is a challenge for utilities, because they must either place the CCRs in landfills, surface impoundments, or mines, or find alternative uses for the material. This study focuses on the placement of CCRs in active and abandoned coal mines. Read the report online.
Herbicides applied last year can affect this year's canola crop - John Mayko explains
Zero Tolerance for Residues of Carbadax in Canada
Fakultät für Biologie - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 02/06
The natural design of the photosystems of plants and photosynthetic bacteria using chlorophylls (Chls) or bacteriochlorophylls (BChls) as photoreceptors are robust. The basic principles of the biological system of light-harvesting complex 2 (LH2) are studied with the use of natural and model sequences expressed in vivo in modified Rhodobacter (Rb) sphaeroides strains. Three aspects have been explored in the thesis: (1) BChl’s macrocycle-protein interactions, (2) BChl’s phytol-protein interactions underlying the structural and functional assembly of the pigment-protein complexes, and (3) LH2-lipid interactions and the role of these interactions in photosynthetic membrane morphogenesis. BChls’ macrocycle-protein interactions: Residues at the immediate BChl-B850/protein interface are found to have little effect on specifying the BChl-B850 array, and their light-harvesting activity in LH2. Nevertheless, these residues are important for the structural thermal stability. With the use of ‘rescue’ mutagenesis of the model BChl binding site, the hydrogen-bond between αSer -4 and the C131 keto carbonyl group of βBChl-B850 is shown to be a crucial motif for driving the assembly of model LH2 complex. Possibilities for residue modifications are limited in the β-subunits as compared to the α-subunits, which suggests that the two polypeptides have distinct roles in complex assembly. In the β-subunits, there are residues detected adjacent to the BChl-B850 site which are critical for the assembly of LH2. BChls’ phytol-protein interactions: Mutagenesis of residues closely interacting with the BChl-B850 phytol moiety result in the pronounced loss of BChl-B800 from LH2. Dephytylation of bound BChls within assembled LH2 to BChlides also resulted in the loss of BChl-B800 and destabilisation of LH2 structural assembly. Thus, the phytol chains were shown to be important for optimal pigment binding, especially for BChl-B800; which appears to be highly sensitive to the proper packing of the phytols. The pattern of phytol interactions with their surrounding environments are significantly different for α- and β-ligated (B)Chls. The phytols of β-ligated (B)Chls, as opposed to α-ligated (B)Chls, have ample and specific interactions with residues of the binding helix which may contribute to the tertiary interactions of helices. LH2-lipids interactions: Phospholipid determination of LH2 only expressing strains of Rb sphaeroides shows that the nonbilayer-forming phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is present in elevated amounts in the intracytoplasmic membranes and in the immediate vicinity of the LH2 complex. In combination with βGlu -20 residue and the carotenoid headgroup at the N-terminus of the transmembrane β-helices is shown to influence the composition of lipids surrounding LH2. Specific local interactions between LH2 protein and lipids not only promote LH2 protein stability but appear to modulate the morphology of intracytoplasmic membranes. Based on these findings, the presence of LH2-lipid specificity is postulated. The approach of using model αβ-sequences with simplified pigment binding sites allows us to study the underlying factors involved in LH2 assembly and function. This gives rise to a better understanding of the interplay between BChl, apoproteins and membrane lipids in the assembly of a highly efficient light-harvesting complex in its native lipid-environment.
Burning coal in electric utility plants produces, in addition to power, residues that contain constituents which may be harmful to the environment. The management of large volumes of coal combustion residues (CCRs) is a challenge for utilities, because they must either place the CCRs in landfills, surface impoundments, or mines, or find alternative uses for the material. This study focuses on the placement of CCRs in active and abandoned coal mines. Read the report online.
A review and update on the science and regulation of pesticides.
A review and update on the science and regulation of pesticides.
Lecture Slides in PDF format
Lecture Slides in PDF format
Tue, 1 Jan 1991 12:00:00 +0100 https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6055/1/6055.pdf Scherbaum, Werner A.; Trucco, Massimo; Usadel, Klaus-Henning; Rudert, William A.; Schmidt, K.; Thomas, H.; Manfras, Burkhard J.; Glück, Michael; Seißler, Jochen; Böhm, Bernhard Otto
Processing of endogenously synthesized proteins generates short peptides that are presented by MHC class I molecules to CD8 T lymphocytes. Here it is documented that not only the sequence of the presented peptide but also the residues by which it is flanked in the protein determine the efficiency of processing and presentation. This became evident when a viral sequence of proven antigenicity was inserted at different positions into an unrelated carrier protein. Not different peptides, but different amounts of the antigenic insert itself were retrieved by isolation of naturally processed peptides from cells expressing the different chimeric proteins. Low yield of antigenic peptide from an unfavorable integration site could be overcome by flanking the insert with oligo-alanine to space it from disruptive neighboring sequences. Notably, the degree of protection against lethal virus disease related directly to the amount of naturally processed antigenic peptide.
Residues critical for establishing a trimolecular interaction with a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded receptor and a T cell antigen receptor (TcR) were determined for an antigenic nonapeptide. The N-terminal residue proved to be involved in binding of the peptide to both receptors and the C-terminal residue was essential for MHC binding. While substitution of either of these critical terminal residues by alanine resulted in an almost complete loss of peptide antigenicity, simultaneous substitution of both created a new functional ligand for the same MHC molecule and the same TcR. Notably, in the biterminally substituted peptide, the core residues took on new roles in the trimolecular interaction in that a residue critical in the authentic nonapeptide for TcR binding became critical for MHC binding and former spacer residues became essential to various degrees for the interaction with either receptor or both. Thus, apparently, the loss of the terminal residues' contribution was at least partially compensated by a redistribution of the roles among the remaining residues. These results reflect a cooperative contribution of all residues of an antigenic peptide to its binding to both receptors and thus challenge a static definition of agretope and epitope as MHC and TcR binding sites.
The tertiary structures of horse, tuna, Neurospora crassa, horse [Hse65,Leu67]- and horse [Hse65,Leu74]-cytochromes c were studied with high-resolution 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy. The amino acid sequences of these proteins differ at position 46, which is occupied by phenylalanine in the horse proteins but by tyrosine in the remaining two, and at positions 67, 74 and 97, which are all occupied by tyrosine residues in horse and tuna cytochrome c but in the other proteins are substituted by phenylalanine or leucine, though there is only one such substitution per protein. The various aromatic-amino-acid substitutions do not seriously affect the protein structure.
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