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Shift Key is off this week for Memorial Day, so we're re-running one of our favorite episodes from the past. With Republicans in the White House and Congress now halfway to effectively repealing the Inflation Reduction Act, the United States' signature climate law, we thought now might be a good moment to remind ourselves why emissions reductions matter in the first place.To that end, we're resurfacing our chat from November with Kate Marvel, an associate research scientist at Columbia University and the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. At the time, Trump had just been reelected to the presidency, casting a pall over the annual United Nations climate conference, which was then occurring in Azerbaijan. Soon after, he fulfilled his promise to pull the U.S. out of the Paris Agreement, with its goal of restraining global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius over pre-industrial levels.In this episode, we talk with Kate about why every 10th of a degree matters in the fight against climate change, the difference between tipping points and destabilizing feedback loops, and how to think about climate change in a disappointing time. Shift Key is hosted by Robinson Meyer, the founding executive editor of Heatmap, and Jesse Jenkins, a professor of energy systems engineering at Princeton University.Mentioned: The GOP Tax Bill Is a Dangerous Gamble at a Precarious MomentThe UN Environmental Program's emissions gap reportThe IPCC's monumental report on the risks of 1.5C of temperature riseJesse's post-Trump op-ed: Trump Is Not the End of the Climate FightRob's piece from 2023 on the “end of climate science”Trump's Energy Secretary-designate Chris Wright's speech at the American Conservation Coalition Summit--Music for Shift Key is by Adam Kromelow. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Here's the bad news: The world is almost certainly going to miss the Paris Agreement's goal of keeping global temperatures from rising beyond 1.5 degrees Celsius over pre-industrial levels. The needed emissions cuts are too large and the direction of policy too slow to lead to any other outcome. In the next few decades, global warming will slip past the 1.5 degree mark — and temperatures will keep rising.What does that mean? What comes next? And how should we feel about that? On this week's episode of Shift Key, Rob and Jesse chat with Kate Marvel, an associate research scientist at Columbia University and the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. We talk about why every 10th of a degree matters in the fight against climate change, the difference between tipping points and destabilizing feedback loops, and how to think about climate change in a disappointing time. Shift Key is hosted by Robinson Meyer, the founding executive editor of Heatmap, and Jesse Jenkins, a professor of energy systems engineering at Princeton University.Mentioned: The UN Environmental Program's emissions gap reportThe IPCC's monumental report on the risks of 1.5C of temperature riseJesse's post-Trump op-ed: Trump Is Not the End of the Climate FightRob's piece from 2023 on the “end of climate science”Trump's Energy Secretary-designate Chris Wright's speech at the American Conservation Coalition SummitJesse's downshift; Rob's upshift. --This episode of Shift Key is sponsored by …Watershed's climate data engine helps companies measure and reduce their emissions, turning the data they already have into an audit-ready carbon footprint backed by the latest climate science. Get the sustainability data you need in weeks, not months. Learn more at watershed.com.As a global leader in PV and ESS solutions, Sungrow invests heavily in research and development, constantly pushing the boundaries of solar and battery inverter technology. Discover why Sungrow is the essential component of the clean energy transition by visiting sungrowpower.com.Intersolar & Energy Storage North America is the premier U.S.-based conference and trade show focused on solar, energy storage, and EV charging infrastructure. To learn more, visit intersolar.us.Music for Shift Key is by Adam Kromelow. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This week we present two stories about the inspiration behind scientists' careers. Part 1: Kate Marvel's dream of being a genius takes her to Cambridge to study astrophysics. Part 2: When Joe Normandin begins to question his sexuality as a teenager, he turns to neuroscience for help. Kate Marvel is a climate scientist at the NASA Goddard Institute of Space studies. She uses computer models and satellite observations to monitor and explain the changes happening around us. Her work has suggested that human activities are already affecting global rainfall and cloud patterns. Her book Human Nature: Nine Ways to Feel About Our Changing Planet will be published in 2025 by Ecco Press. Joe Normandin earned a B.A. in Biology with a Specialization in Neuroscience from Boston University, where he worked as an undergraduate research assistant in labs studying the behavioral genetics of sexual orientation in people and female sexual behavior in a rat model. He earned a Ph.D. in Biological Sciences - Neurobiology and Behavior from Georgia State University, where he explored how the brain regulates sexual reflexes. He found evidence of a brain circuit that provides an anatomical/functional basis for the oft-reported side effects of delayed orgasm in those taking antidepressants. He is now a Lecturer and Director of Undergraduate Studies in the Neuroscience Institute at Georgia State University. Dr. Normandin values the wonderful public education and support he received as a young gay man growing up in Massachusetts. Even with that education and support, he struggled with his identity as a gay person. In high school, a psychology class introduced him to neuroscience, which led to a search for research that he thought would validate his sexual orientation. This search set him on a path towards becoming a neuroscientist, and ultimately led to questions he explores in the classroom: Are people born gay? Does it matter? Dr. Normandin is also an avid gamer and has saved the universe many times. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this week's episode, David is joined by climate scientist Dr Gavin Schmidt, Director of the NASA Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS) and co-founded of the RealClimate blog. To support this podcast and our research lab, head to www.coolworldslab.com/support RealClimate: https://www.realclimate.org/ NASA GISS: https://www.giss.nasa.gov/ Cool Worlds Podcast Theme by Hill [https://open.spotify.com/artist/1hdkvBtRdOW4SPsnxCXOjK]

Gavin Schmidt is Director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. He tells us “Climate models can't explain 2023's huge heat anomaly – we could be in uncharted territory.” Meanwhile, so much ice is melting at the Poles, Earth's rotation is changing.  …

The first episode in our series leading up to the COP28 summit in November will be distributed in two parts. This episode, called the Road to COP28, features the second half of a roundtable conversation hosted by Rachel Kyte, Dean Emerita of the Fletcher School at Tufts University. Senator Ben Cardin from Maryland also joins the conversation to share his insight on the COP event and efforts to address climate issues in the US Senate. Our panel of experts includes Professor at the University College London Mark Maslin, Interim Chair of the IUCN Climate Crisis Commission Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, Director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Gavin Schmidt, Chief of Government Relations at the Woodwell Climate Research Center David McGlinchey, and Co-Founding Dean Emerita of the Columbia Climate School Ruth DeFries. Their conversation sets the stage for what needs to be done at the upcoming COP 28 conference, and foreshadows what real policy changes, if any, may come as a result. Join us for this extremely critical discussion. This material is distributed by TRG Advisory Services, LLC on behalf of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in the U.S.. Additional information is available at the Department of Justice, Washington, DC. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The first episode in our series leading up to the COP28 summit in November will be distributed in two parts. This episode, called the Road to COP28, features the second half of a roundtable conversation hosted by Rachel Kyte, Dean Emerita of the Fletcher School at Tufts University. Senator Ben Cardin from Maryland also joins the conversation to share his insight on the COP event and efforts to address climate issues in the US Senate. Our panel of experts includes Professor at the University College London Mark Maslin, Interim Chair of the IUCN Climate Crisis Commission Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, Director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Gavin Schmidt, Chief of Government Relations at the Woodwell Climate Research Center David McGlinchey, and Co-Founding Dean Emerita of the Columbia Climate School Ruth DeFries. Their conversation sets the stage for what needs to be done at the upcoming COP 28 conference, and foreshadows what real policy changes, if any, may come as a result. Join us for this extremely critical discussion. This material is distributed by TRG Advisory Services, LLC on behalf of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in the U.S.. Additional information is available at the Department of Justice, Washington, DC. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Original Air Date: September 20, 2023 The first episode in our series leading up to the COP28 summit in November will be distributed in two parts. This episode, called the Road to COP28, features a one-on-one conversation hosted by Rachel Kyte, Dean Emerita of the Fletcher School at Tufts University, and Ambassador Majid Al Suwaidi, Director General of COP28. Following their conversation, Rachel chairs a panel discussion featuring Professor at the University College London Mark Maslin, Interim Chair of the IUCN Climate Crisis Commission Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, Director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Gavin Schmidt, Chief of Government Relations at the Woodwell Climate Research Center David McGlinchey, and Co-Founding Dean Emerita of the Columbia Climate School Ruth DeFries. Their conversation sets the stage for what needs to be done at the upcoming COP 28 conference, and foreshadows what real policy changes, if any, may come as a result. Join us for this extremely critical discussion. This material is distributed by TRG Advisory Services, LLC on behalf of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in the U.S.. Additional information is available at the Department of Justice, Washington, DC. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Original Air Date: September 20, 2023 The first episode in our series leading up to the COP28 summit in November will be distributed in two parts. This episode, called the Road to COP28, features a one-on-one conversation hosted by Rachel Kyte, Dean Emerita of the Fletcher School at Tufts University, and Ambassador Majid Al Suwaidi, Director General of COP28. Following their conversation, Rachel chairs a panel discussion featuring Professor at the University College London Mark Maslin, Interim Chair of the IUCN Climate Crisis Commission Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, Director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Gavin Schmidt, Chief of Government Relations at the Woodwell Climate Research Center David McGlinchey, and Co-Founding Dean Emerita of the Columbia Climate School Ruth DeFries. Their conversation sets the stage for what needs to be done at the upcoming COP 28 conference, and foreshadows what real policy changes, if any, may come as a result. Join us for this extremely critical discussion. This material is distributed by TRG Advisory Services, LLC on behalf of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in the U.S.. Additional information is available at the Department of Justice, Washington, DC. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As the saying goes, history often repeats itself. Could that also hold true when looking at the current state of the climate and where we may be heading? On this episode, the team talks with Dr. Michael Mann, the director of the University of Pennsylvania Center for Science, Sustainability, and the Media and one of the world's leading experts on climate change. They discuss his new book, “Our Fragile Moment,” that examines Earth's climate history. Mann explains why the climate change we're currently experiencing is unique, why the next decade is so critical to our future climate, and what could happen to life on Earth if no action is taken. We want to hear from you! Have a question for the meteorologists? Call 609-272-7099 and leave a message. You might hear your question and get an answer on a future episode! You can also email questions or comments to podcasts@lee.net. About the Across the Sky podcast The weekly weather podcast is hosted on a rotation by the Lee Weather team: Matt Holiner of Lee Enterprises' Midwest group in Chicago, Kirsten Lang of the Tulsa World in Oklahoma, Joe Martucci of the Press of Atlantic City, N.J., and Sean Sublette of the Richmond Times-Dispatch in Virginia. Episode transcript Note: The following transcript was created by Headliner and may contain misspellings and other inaccuracies as it was generated automatically: Sean Sublette: Hello once again, everybody. I'm, meteorologist Sean Sublette, and welcome to Across the Sky, our national Lee Enterprises weather podcast. Lee Enterprises has print and digital operations in more than 70 locations across the country, including in my home base in Richmond, Virginia. I'm joined by my colleagues from across the sky, Matt Holiner in Chicago, and Joe Martucci at the Jersey Shore. Kirsten Lang is out this week. Our very special guest this week is Dr. Michael Mann, director of the University of Pennsylvania Center for Science, Sustainability, and the Media, and the Presidential Distinguished Professor of Earth and Environmental Science. His latest book came out a couple of weeks ago called Our Fragile Moment. It goes through Earth's climate history to illustrate how we know what the current warming climate is without precedent in Earth's history. There is so much good stuff in this book. I could go on and on, but I really like the way he goes into paleo climate and helping us understand why we are at this moment in time and why he calls it Our Fragile Moment. And as a quick aside, in the book, he kind of alludes to, the police, the band The Police, and the, extinction of the dinosaurs and walking in your footsteps. So those of us of a certain age who remember that a good part of, you know, sting was the lead man of the police, and, Fragile was another song that Sting wrote. So this all kind of ties back into me. Here I am showing my age. but, guys, this is such a great conversation. What did you kind of take out of this? Joe Martucci: I think, you know, and just take a step back. I mean, Mike Mann is, I would say, one of the people who really put climate science on the map to the general public. So this is really a big interview that we have here. And, when you're listening, sometimes we're getting into the weeds, sometimes it's big philosophical questions. In fact, at the end, we talk about his thoughts on where our position as the human race is in the universe just by writing this book. So, it was a nice interview, and good to be with, Mike here. Matt Holiner: Yes, there are few people that are a bigger expert on climate change than Mike Mann. And so, yeah, we're honored to have him on the podcast. And what I like is how he talks about paleo climate, which is something that's starting to get a little bit of buzz now. I think everybody's accepted that, okay, the climate is changing now, but hasn't it changed in the past? And he does dive into that. Yes, it has changed, but what he points out is the change that we're undergoing right now is unique, and he. Joe Martucci: Points out why that is. Matt Holiner: And I really liked his discussion of that. Sean Sublette: Yeah, there is so much good stuff. So let's get right to it and start up with our interview with Dr. Michael Mann. Mike Mann, it is so good to have you on the across the sky podcast. Dr. Michael Mann writes a new book about climate change called ‘Our Fragile Moment' Sean Sublette: I want to jump right into this on this book, Our Fragile Moment. This is the 6th book. What I loved about this one is that it goes a lot deeper into understanding paleo climatology. For us real science geeks out there, it really gets into depth about how we know how we got to this fragile moment. So I wanted to start on the big picture. What motivated you to write this book now? Dr. Michael Mann: Yeah. Thanks, Sean. It's great to be with all of you. All three of you know, it's interesting, this is sort of where I got my start as, a climate scientist, Paleo Climate, the hockey stick curve that my co authors and I published. it's hard to believe now, but it's, two and a half decades ago, that graph became sort of this iconic symbol, in the climate change debate. And that's really how I sort of entered the fray. And so now, two and a half decades later, I decided, well, let's do a deeper dive, because the hockey stick only went back a thousand years. That's really shallow time, as we say in Paleo climate. We've got four plus billion years of Earth history to look at and let's see what we can learn from it. And so it's sort of a return to my roots, in a sense. I hadn't really written a book about paleo climate, even though it's where I started as a scientist. And there's another sort of driving force here as well, which, relates to my last book, The New Climate War, which is about sort of the challenges we face now as climate denial becomes almost untenable, because we can all sort of see the impacts of climate change playing out. Bad actors are using misinformation to delay transition off fossil fuels Dr. Michael Mann: But there are other tactics that bad actors are using to sort of delay the transition off fossil fuels. and one of them, ironically, is doom mongering. If they can convince us that it's too late to do anything about the problem, then why bother? And so I was seeing Paleo Climate, something that I hold dear. I was seeing paleo climate science. Weaponized. Now in the same way that climate deniers used to weaponize misinformation. I was seeing climate doomers weaponizing misinformation about paleo climate to convince us it's too late, that we're experiencing runaway warming. We are going to it's yet, another mass, extinction that we've set off that's unstoppable and we will all be gone in less than ten years. There were players out there, serious protagonists who have pretty large followings, who have been spreading that sort of misinformation. So I decided, let's reclaim paleo climate. Let's look at what the science actually says. And that was the purpose of the book initially, was to address some of those misconceptions that have been used to feed climate doomism. But in the process, I realized, well, no, there's a whole lot more to talk about. there are all sorts of lessons in 4 billion plus years of Earth history. Let's see what we can learn from it for sure. Sean Sublette: Before I turn it over to the other guys for questions, I want to talk a little bit more about that doomism concept. It's important to walk a line between urgency and agency, as you like to talk about, but get away from doomism. I'd like to point out I was actually talking to a Rotary Club earlier today, that there has been progress. Right. clearly there needs to be more, but I like to point out we're starting to phase out coal globally. So there are things going how do you walk that line in terms of this is important, we need to stay on it, showing that there's progress and not succumbing to doomism for folks who are kind of depressed about it. Dr. Michael Mann: Yeah, no, absolutely. And there's sort of two pieces to it. First of all, there is just the science. Like, does the science say that we've triggered unstoppable warming and nothing we do to reduce carbon emissions is going to make a difference? No, it doesn't. And I wanted to make that very clear. And no, the paleo climate record doesn't support that. the best available science, in fact, tells us now that the planet stops warming up when we stop adding carbon pollution to the atmosphere. So there's this direct and immediate impact, on the climate of our efforts to act here. There's another piece to it, though, which is sort of there's another sort of component to doismism, which is like, we're not going to get our act together. And you could argue that remains to be seen, that's at least Arguable, the science doesn't support runaway warming. It doesn't support that sort of side of doomism. But will we garner the will to tackle this problem? Only the, future will tell. But it's interesting because you mentioned Rotary Club. There are lots of reasons for optimism. Lots of reasons. Things that we can look at, where we can say we're making real progress, rotarians have really taken a leadership role on this issue. I've spoken to some Rotary Clubs, groups in the past, and the Youth Climate movement, right. I mean, just, there is all of this energy. I see. know I teach at the University Of Pennsylvania. Climate is probably the number one issue to these students today, to these gen zers. Now, some of them fall victim to climate anxiety and climate doomism. So it's really important for them to understand the agency part of that urgency and agency duality. But yeah, the science certainly doesn't support the notion that we can't do something about the climate crisis. And the paleo climate record certainly doesn't support that either. Joe Martucci: Hey, this is Joe and just want to thank you so much for coming on again. We really appreciate it. And best of luck to you and your, book here, Our Fragile Moment. More journalists are reporting on extreme weather events linked to climate change Joe Martucci: My question does partially relate to what you said about gen zers. And some people do have climate anxiety. And if you're young, you're impressionable you're getting content from a variety of different sources, right? More than ever before, when we talk about extreme weather events and parlaying this into climate change. Right. I feel like in the past five years, maybe three years, we've seen a lot of this recently. And I think, personally, from my perspective, it's good. It's always a good teaching moment to talk about the facts and to forecast the climate science. How do you feel, though, about journalists reporting on this, as opposed to meteorologists who are experts in their field? There's many great journalists all across the country. We know that. But just like I don't know everything about maybe astronomy, right. Journals may not be completely in sync with what's happening with some of these events. Dr. Michael Mann: I don't know if you could kind. Joe Martucci: Of give us where you fall on this and how you would like to see these extreme weather events being parlayed into coverage as we go forward. Dr. Michael Mann: Thanks, Joe. It's a great question. And, you were talking about young folks, and, I used to think of myself as a young person, and then today I realized that David Lee Roth is 69 years old. I finally forced to accept the fact that I am now old. But you're right, there is this, energy and passion, among young folks. And another part of what's going on is we're seeing the impacts of climate change now play out in a profound way in the form of these extreme weather events. And there's always sort of this delicate balance in the way we cover those events. You'll often hear people say, well, you can never blame any one, weather event, on climate change. and the thinking there has evolved quite a bit. We have detection and attribution. We can characterize how likely an event was to occur in the absence of climate change and how likely it was to occur. When we consider climate change and when we see that there's a huge increase when an event is a thousand year event without climate change, and it's suddenly a ten year event when we include climate change, then we can say, hey, the fact that we saw this is probably because we've warmed up the planet and we've made these sorts of events, these extreme heat waves, heat domes that we've been reading about, wildfires floods, superstorms. So there's this scientific machinery now that allows us to sort of characterize the impact that climate change is having on these events. But you're right. When you have trained meteorologists and climate experts who are familiar with that science, they're able to sort of frame it that way. When you have just sort of say, political journalists, journalists from other fields covering, the science, it's a quandary. It's very complicated because they're hearing conflicting things. They're hearing this. You can never blame any one event on climate change, but now they know that there is a way to try to characterize the impact that climate change is having. So I think there's some confusion among in the journalistic community right now. you also sometimes see it overplayed, right, where, like, every extreme event was caused by climate change. We can't say that it's like a loading of the dice. Sixes are going to come up anyways. The fact that they're coming up so often is because we've loaded those dice, by the warming of the planet. So it is a complicated topic, and it's difficult to even trained climate and meteorology, specialists, even for us, it can be sort of challenging to explain the science and how we're able to quantify the impact climate change is having on these events. And that means that it often gets very confused in the public discourse. And at the same time, I would say that we are seeing the signal of climate change now emerge from the noise in the form of these extreme weather events. And it's a lost opportunity for certain if we don't explain that to the public. And so I personally think that there has been sort of a shift towards journalists in general, recognizing that there is a relationship and mentioning that when they talk about these events, not as often as we might like them to do, but we do see much more of that now. Climate change is part of the conversation here. And that's a real game changer, because that's where the rubber hits the road. When people realize, oh, man, it's these devastating fires. I have a friend who lost a house, or I have people, I know who got flooded, by that storm. When people start to know people who have been impacted or who have been impacted themselves, when people have their own climate story to tell, it really changes the whole conversation. And I think we're seeing that shift. Matt Holiner: Hey, Mike, it's Matt, and I think you're right about the climate change just becoming a term that everyone is familiar with now. But I think the term that people aren't as familiar with that. Matt Holiner: You mentioned your book is Paleo climate. So when you're talking about paleo climate, how far back are you looking and what are you looking at to determine what the climate was thousands or millions of years ago? Dr. Michael Mann: So it's a matter of perspective, right? If you ask my daughter what's paleo climate LBO is like, those winters when you were growing up, that's paleo climate, to me, those 1970s winters. so it's always a matter of perspective. One person's paleo climate is another person's sort of recent, climate history. I focused a lot of my early work on the last thousand years where we could pull together all sorts of types of information to try to reconstruct in some detail how the climate had changed. but there are ways to go much further back. There are sediment cores. We can look at ancient, oxygen isotopes and reconstruct what ocean temperatures were and what, sea, levels were. so there's all of this wealth of information. And so what paleo climate really means, technically, it's anything that predates the historical era of the last couple of centuries where we actually have thermometer measurements or rain gauges measurements or what have you. Anything farther back than that, where we have to turn to indirect measures of climate like tree rings or corals or ice that becomes paleo climate. And so 1000 years that's paleoclimate. But a million years is paleoclimate and a billion years is paleoclimate. And the stories are so different on these different timescales. And the puzzles are all different. And each of these intervals, there are all of these events in Earth's climate history that I talk about in the book, and we can learn something from each of them. Snowball Earth. Yes, the Earth was once entirely covered in ice and unpacking. That tells us a lot about the dynamics of the climate system. the faint early sun. The great Carl Sagan recognized that the Earth should have been frozen 4 billion years ago, when life first emerged in the oceans. And we know it wasn't because there was liquid water, there was life. And he realized because the sun was only about 70% as bright back then, the Earth should have been frozen, but it wasn't. What, what's the explanation? How come there was an even stronger greenhouse effect? And it turns out that, gets us into sort of the Gaia hypothesis because there's this remarkable story where as the sun gradually gets brighter and the Earth should have got hotter and hotter, but it didn't because the greenhouse effect got weaker over time. And in just such a way that the planet's climate, with some exceptions, like snowball Earth, stayed within habitable bounds, within bounds, that are habitable for life. Why is that? that's a really interesting puzzle. And it turns out life itself plays a role in stabilizing the climate, the global carbon cycle, the oxygenation of the atmosphere. There are all of these things that life itself did to change the composition of our atmosphere and to change the dynamics of the planet. And amazingly, life works in such a way as to help keep the climate, Earth's climate, habitable for life. And so that's an interesting puzzle. There's a lot to learn from that as well. And that's a good thing, right? There are stabilizing factors within the climate system that helps us. There is a certain amount of resilience. And that's one of the arguments against doomism that we're getting some help from the behavior of Earth's climate. There's a m safety margin. There's a margin, where we can perturb the climate, and it will stay within habitable bounds. The problem and what makes this such a fragile moment is we're now sort of at the edge of that envelope of stability. And if we continue with business as usual, we continue to pollute the atmosphere with carbon pollution, we will leave that moment behind. We, will depart from the sort of climate upon which all of this societal infrastructure was built to support now a global population of more than 8 billion people. And that's the real threat today. Sean Sublette: All right, so we're going to take a quick break. We'll come back with a couple more key questions with Michael Mann on the across the sky podcast. Stay with us. Michael Mann talks about the chemistry that helps us reconstruct past climate Sean Sublette: And we're back with Dr. Michael Mann on the across the sky podcast. The new book is our fragile moment. It is a very deep dive, as they say, into paleo climatology, and why this particular moment in time is so crucial in the climate going forward. Mike, your expertise, obviously, is in paleo climates and all these things that we use geologically to reconstruct climate. A lot of us are familiar with the ice cores. also, these oxygen isotopes, those for the weather folks, are not quite as complicated. But, what I'd like to talk about a little bit, explain some of the chemistry that's involved, that help us tell us what the climate was like. When we look at ocean sediment cores, these are things that aren't classic atmospheric proxies, right? These are much more in the rocks, geological proxies, those stalagmites, stalactites, those kinds of things. Can you talk about what are we doing with these things in terms of chemistry that tell us what we need to know? Dr. Michael Mann: Yeah, so it's amazing. There are these paleothermometers, we sometimes, call them, and you think about ice, right? Ice is frozen water. That's h 20. And so there's an O in there. There's oxygen, atoms, in that ice. And it turns out that the ratio of heavy to light isotopes of oxygen there are two main stable isotopes of oxygen oxygen 16 and oxygen 18. And the ratio, of them is a function of, the temperature. And when you form precipitation, when you condense water vapor into a droplet, there is what we call fractionation, where the heavy and the light isotopes behave differently during that process. That's true for evaporation, it's true for condensation. And so if you think about what's going on an ice core, you're drilling down in the ice, and that ice got there because it snowed at some point. And that snow was condensation of water vapor in the atmosphere. And that water vapor originally came from the evaporation from the ocean surface. And so at each stage, we have what's called a fractionation, where you're getting some sort of separation between the behavior of oxygen 16 and oxygen 18. The bottom line is, because of that, we can say things about ancient sea level from oxygen isotopes in sediment cores. We can say something about temperature from oxygen isotopes in sediment cores. We can say something about temperature from ice in ice cores on land. And it isn't just oxygen. We can look at carbon isotopes because there's carbon twelve and carbon 13, two different stable isotopes of carbon. And that allows us, for example, to figure out, what happened with carbon dioxide, and what happened with ocean acidification, how much CO2 there was, dissolved in the ocean. In fact, if you really want to get into it, we can estimate the PH of the ocean from other isotopes, boron isotopes. And I'm not going to get into the chemistry of that. But the bottom line is there are all of these amazing we call them proxy data. It's almost like nature provided us a way to sort of solve this puzzle of what happened in distant past. Almost like we were given, clues. It's like, well, I'm going to give you these isotopes, and if you're smart, and if you figure out the chemistry and the physics, you will be able to figure out what happened to sea level, what happened to ocean temperatures, what happened to the amount of ice, what happened to the acidity of the ocean. All of these things that are very relevant to how carbon pollution is impacting our environment today. Matt Holiner: And Mike, I think we've reached a point now where everybody acknowledges that the climate is changing. It took us a long time to get here, but I think we've reached that point. But what people are pointing out now is that, as you're talking about with paleo climate, the Earth's climate has changed many times over the years, warming and cooling. So what makes the climate change that we're experiencing now unique compared to the past? Dr. Michael Mann: Yeah, it's a great question, because we can certainly find times in the distant past when carbon dioxide levels, greenhouse gas levels, carbon dioxide being the main sort of greenhouse, gas that varies over time. They were higher than they are today, and global temperatures were warmer than they are today. During the Early Cretaceous Period, dinosaurs were wandering the polar regions of the planet. There was no ice on, the face of the Earth. We've seen Earth go from ice covered to ice free. So we know there are times when it's been much colder than today. And there are times when it's been considerably warmer than today. So then the question is, all right, well, then what makes climate change such a problem? Because even if we warm the planet, with carbon pollution, we're not going to get up to those Early Cretaceous levels. Well, actually, if we tried really hard, we could. If we extracted every bit of fossil fuels we could find, we could do that. Why? Because all of that carbon that was in the atmosphere slowly got deposited beneath the surface of the Earth in what we today call fossil fuels, ancient carbon, organic carbon that got buried in soils or shells that fell to the bottom of the ocean. Carbon that was in the atmosphere, got buried beneath the surface of the planet and came down from those very high early Cretaceous levels, over 100 million years. Due to those natural processes, carbon dioxide levels came down. Well, what we're doing now is we're taking all that carbon that got buried over 100 million years beneath the surface and we're putting it back into the atmosphere, but we're doing it a million times faster. We're taking carbon that was buried over 100 million years and we're putting it back up in the atmosphere over 100 years. And so I sometimes say if I was going to write a slogan for this, it would be, it's the rate, stupid. We all remember, it's the economy, stupid. I think we're old enough some of us are old enough to remember that was sort of a political sort of logo. Well, it's the rate, stupid. Which is to say it's not so much how warm the planet is or, what the CO2 levels are. It's what climate are you adapted to and how rapidly are you moving away from that climate. Because we have developed this massive societal infrastructure over a 6000 year period. Civilization, I talk about sort of the origins of civilization in Mesopotamia, 6000 years was the first true civilization. And it turns out global temperatures were remarkably stable for six, seven, 8000 years during which we developed all of this infrastructure that supports eight plus billion people. And we are dependent on the stability of that climate and its ability to continue to support that infrastructure which we've created. And if we're rapidly changing the climate and moving out of that window of variability during which we created civilization, that's a real threat. If the warming exceeds our adaptive capacity and it exceeds the adaptive capacity of other living things, life has learned to adapt to, climate changes that take place over tens of millions of years. That's pretty easy. Adapting to climate changes of similar magnitude that take place over tens of years, that's much more difficult. And again, what makes it so fragile, such a fragile moment for us is that we have leveraged the number of people who can live on this planet, what we call the carrying capacity of the planet. We've probably leveraged it by a factor of ten. Through our technology, through our infrastructure. We can support eight plus billion people because we have all of this infrastructure, agricultural infrastructure, engineering. But it's fragile, right? Because if the planet warms dramatically and that infrastructure no longer remains viable, then we can no longer support that elevated carrying capacity. Then we revert to the natural carrying capacity of the planet, which is maybe a billion people. And you think about that. The planet without our infrastructure, without our technology, probably can't support more than a billion people. We've got more than 8 billion people. That's why we can't afford to destabilize the infrastructure that supports human civilization today. And that's what dramatic warming, that's what unmitigated climate change will do. How does studying Paleo climatology make you see our place in the universe? Joe Martucci: John said, I had the last question here, so I'll wrap up with this. how does studying Paleo climatology and maybe even writing this book make you see our space or our race as humans in this universe? Because a lot of what you're talking about, you said Fragile Rights, the name of the book. How do you see our place in the universe, given what you've studied over the decade? Dr. Michael Mann: Thanks. It's a great question. and it's something I get into a little bit. Have some fun. At one point, we do some thought experiments. Some thought experiments, like, what if in one of the chapters, which is on, an episode of rapid warming, and by rapid warming, we mean, like, over 10,000 or 20,000 years rapid on geological timescales. Nothing like what we're doing today. But there was this period of relatively rapid warming, about 56 million years ago. We call it the PETM. Stands for the Paleocene eocene thermal maximum. It just rolls right off the tongue. And it was this period during which there was a massive injection of carbon dioxide into the system. Obviously, there weren't SUVs, and there weren't coal fired power plants. This was a natural input of volcanism through unusually intense volcanic eruptions, centered in Iceland, that tapped into a very carbon rich reservoir and put a very large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere over a relatively short period of time. And so it turns out that you can ask the question, can we rule out the possibility that there was an intelligent civilization back then that went on this massive fossil fuel burning spree and basically extinguished themselves? And my good friend Gavin Schmidt, who's the director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, has written a paper and has written some popular, essays about this idea because of the Silurian hypothesis. and it's basically imagine lizard people who existed 56 million. How can we rule out that that's what happened? And I grew up watching the land of the lost. And, Gavin, around the same time he was in Britain, and I think it was Dr who had a similar that's where the Silurian there were, like, these reptile beings, that basically destroyed their environment. And so it's a really interesting question. Can we rule that out? And in the process of trying to rule that out, it actually raises some really interesting questions about, what are the conditions for life? Do intelligent civilizations extinguish themselves naturally? this is sometimes called the Fermi paradox. it was something that Carl Sagan thought about if the universe is teeming. With life? How come we're not hearing from them? How come we're not getting radio signals? And it turns out you can look at all of the different how many planetary systems are there in the universe? You can sort of try to do the math and figure out how many intelligent civilizations you might expect there to be in the universe based on various assumptions. And it turns out the defining problem, all the uncertainty comes down to when intelligent civilizations emerge, how long do they persist for? Do they extinguish themselves? And that would be one explanation of Fermi's paradox. Obviously, it's very personal to us. We don't want to think that, we are on our own way to self caused extinction. So there's some deep questions there. When you look at Paleo Climate and you look at some of these past episodes, you can start to ask some larger questions that tap into these deeper philosophical questions about our place in the universe. is there life elsewhere in the universe? The thinking that you go through turns out to be very relevant to the thinking that you need to go through for, Know. And the punchline is, Adam. I'm going to draw a blank on his, so, he's a well known astrophysicist, and writes about the search for extraterrestrial life. Adam and I'm drawing a blank on his last name, which is very embarrassing. I'm, sure he'll watch this and be very upset at me. but, he actually came to Gavin because he was interested in the search for extraterrestrial life and asking some questions about climate change and climate change on other planets. and could that explain why we're not hearing from other civilizations? Because they cause climate change and they extinguish themselves. And, Adam Frank is his name, and he's a well known sort of, science communicator, astrophysics search for extraterrestrial, sort of continuing the legacy of Carl Sagan and the Planetary Society and the sorts of questions that they were asking. So he came to Gavin, who's a climate modeler, and know, I want to work on, know, figuring out if climate change could have been what caused these other potential civilizations elsewhere in the universe to extinguish themselves. And then Gavin says, how do we know that that didn't happen on Earth? And they go through this amazing sort of thought experiment, and it turns out it's hard at first blush to rule out that that's what happened. For example, the PETM. It takes quite a bit of work to convince yourself that it couldn't have been ancient lizard people that burned, fossil fuels. and so, yeah, so there's a lot you can learn from what are seemingly silly thought experiments that actually start to get at some pretty deep questions about us and our place in the universe. Sean Sublette: We know not all questions are silly. What plate tectonics has only been around for about 100 years or so. And everybody kind of thought, well, that was silly at the time. Dr. Michael Mann: Mike, we're going to stickers stop plate tectonics bumper stickers. Sean Sublette: Yeah, we're going to let you go. But, again, the book is our fragile moment. Social media is a mess nowadays, but where's the best place people can find you digitally and online? Dr. Michael Mann: Well, they can still find me on, what are we calling it this day? X. that's what it's called this week. But, I've sort of diversified. You can find me pretty much on all of the major social media platforms now. I'm still on Twitter. X, and, Instagram and mastodon and Blue, sky, and I'm forgetting threads. It's like, now we've got to be so diversified because we're no longer confident we can rely on the one that we were all relying on for so long. But, yeah, I'm out there and people can find me at WW Michaelman Net. So, yeah, it was great talking with you guys and I, hope to do so again. Sean Sublette: Mike, appreciate it so much. Take care. travel safely. Good luck promoting the book. and it's great. I mean, I've read it. It's just wonderful. And also, I will say this publicly. Thanks for the little shout out at the back, my friend. Dr. Michael Mann: Thank you, my friend. It was great talking with you guys. Sean Sublette: Those are some very deep answers, guys. where is our place in the universe and this concept of lizard people from 50 OD million years ago. and the things you will go down the road you will go down when you start doing these thought experiments. But for me, the importance here, I think what Mike said is the pace of the warming is without precedent. What we're doing is happening so fast, it is going to be difficult to adapt. Some things are going to adapt more easily than others. And that's why this moment in time is so particular. Yeah, it's been warmer in the past, but our civilization, which is increasingly global over these last 2000, 3000 years in particular, last couple of hundred years, where the population has just blossomed, really kind of dependent on the climate that we have out there now. Guys, what do you think? Joe, what did you kind of take away from? Joe Martucci: Well, you know, anytime we talk about our place in the really, I don't know, just really focused on the topic because it does make you think about in some ways, how small we are relative to everything. And not just even planet Earth and the spec of the universe, but also human life in the span of the Earth's long, long history. And like he also said a few minutes before that question, it's the rate of change of the warming that's unique. I say this a lot of times when I do public talks. I said, listen, yeah, we've been warmer than we've been before, we've been colder than we've been before. But barring like an asteroid or some cataclysmic event, this is the only time we're really changing at such a rate. and there's facts and forecasts, and then there's what to do or not to do about it. And that's where your beliefs come in. But there's no denying that the rate of change, a lot of this is significant and something we haven't seen really in the scope of human history. And beyond that, the Earth's history, again, minus the early millions, billion, two or four years, when the Earth was really trying to just get itself together, for lack of a better word. And in some of these asteroid or supervolcano events, it happened as well. Matt Holiner: I would say this was a humbling conversation, because also at the end, when he was talking about why haven't we encountered other intelligent life? And then the comment that stood out to me is like, maybe it has existed, but because of their actions, resulted in their own extinction, and are we headed down that path? And is that why we haven't encountered intelligent life? And then, the other comment that he made is when he was talking about carrying capacity, and now the Earth has a population of 8 billion. But you take out our technology, and what we could see if we continue on this path, if the climate continues. To the rate the change that it's. Matt Holiner: Experiencing now, that carrying capacity could drop to a billion. And then you think, you think about going from a population of 8 billion people to 1 billion, 7 billion people disappearing. That makes the hair stand your, arms and to think about could we result in our own extinction by our actions? And when you hear that, you want to say, let's not make that mistake, let's do something about this. Because again, the other comment was it's the rate stupid? And he talks about, yes, climate has changed in the past. And that's what some people keep coming out. It's like, well, what's the big deal if the climate has changed the past? We're just going through another cycle, but it's never changed at this pace and. Joe Martucci: We can't keep up. Matt Holiner: He also talked about the planet has taken care of itself. When the sun became stronger, the greenhouse effect decreased. And so there has been that the Earth has all these protections in place to kind of keep the climate in balance. But we're breaking that. We're breaking these natural protections. That's why he calls it our fragile moment. Because if we continue at this pace, the Earth isn't going to be able to heal itself. And so we have to take action to make sure we don't lose 7 billion people. So, again, we don't want to talk about the doomism. So it's a fine balance, though, because we absolutely have to take action, but know that we can take action. This is not hopeless. We still have time to fix this. Problem, so let's get on it. Sean Sublette: Yeah, as he says, there is urgency, but there is also agency. So I think that that's the quote that I like from him, most of all. So as we look to some other episodes coming down the pike, a little bit less heady. coming up next week, we've got Paul James of HGTV. We're going to look at the science of changing leaves. We are thick into, the fall right now, the leaves changing from north to south across the country, and we're also working in the background to bring you a broader winter forecast. We're still turning a couple of knobs on that, but we're working on that. I'll be talking to Neil degrasse Tyson in a few weeks. We'll bring that to the podcast. also I've talked to a couple of colleagues, the fifth national climate assessments coming out, and we're going to say, well, what does that mean and why should we care? We'll answer those questions. we've got one more, Joe. you've got somebody coming in from Ohio State, right? Joe Martucci: Yeah, we do. That's coming up in a couple of weeks. That's for your, November 6 episode. We're speaking with Dr. Lawrence Sutherland, and it's tips prepare older loved ones in case of natural disasters or extreme weather. I've covered this topic a, number of times for the press of Atlantic City, where I'm based out of shout out to everybody listening Jersey, but talking about, some of the challenges our senior citizens are having when there are these kind of extreme weather events. so that should be really good. I'm looking forward to that one, too. And that one comes out on November. Sean Sublette: So we have got a lot of good stuff in the pipeline in the weeks ahead, but for now, we're going to close up shop. So for Joe Martucci at the Jersey Shore. Matt Hollner in Chicagoland. I'm meteorologist Sean Subletz at the Richmond Times dispatch. We'll talk with you next time. Thanks for listening to the across the sky podcast.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The first episode in our series leading up to the COP28 summit in November will be distributed in two parts. This episode, called the Road to COP28, features the second half of a roundtable conversation hosted by Rachel Kyte, Dean Emerita of the Fletcher School at Tufts University. Senator Ben Cardin from Maryland also joins the conversation to share his insight on the COP event and efforts to address climate issues in the US Senate. Our panel of experts includes Professor at the University College London Mark Maslin, Interim Chair of the IUCN Climate Crisis Commission Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, Director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Gavin Schmidt, Chief of Government Relations at the Woodwell Climate Research Center David McGlinchey, and Co-Founding Dean Emerita of the Columbia Climate School Ruth DeFries. Their conversation sets the stage for what needs to be done at the upcoming COP 28 conference, and foreshadows what real policy changes, if any, may come as a result. Join us for this extremely critical discussion. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The first episode in our series leading up to the COP28 summit in November will be distributed in two parts. This episode, called the Road to COP28, features the second half of a roundtable conversation hosted by Rachel Kyte, Dean Emerita of the Fletcher School at Tufts University. Senator Ben Cardin from Maryland also joins the conversation to share his insight on the COP event and efforts to address climate issues in the US Senate. Our panel of experts includes Professor at the University College London Mark Maslin, Interim Chair of the IUCN Climate Crisis Commission Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, Director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Gavin Schmidt, Chief of Government Relations at the Woodwell Climate Research Center David McGlinchey, and Co-Founding Dean Emerita of the Columbia Climate School Ruth DeFries. Their conversation sets the stage for what needs to be done at the upcoming COP 28 conference, and foreshadows what real policy changes, if any, may come as a result. Join us for this extremely critical discussion. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The first episode in our series leading up to the COP28 summit in November will be distributed in two parts. This episode, called the Road to COP28, features the second half of a roundtable conversation hosted by Rachel Kyte, Dean Emerita of the Fletcher School at Tufts University. Senator Ben Cardin from Maryland also joins the conversation to share his insight on the COP event and efforts to address climate issues in the US Senate. Our panel of experts includes Professor at the University College London Mark Maslin, Interim Chair of the IUCN Climate Crisis Commission Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, Director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Gavin Schmidt, Chief of Government Relations at the Woodwell Climate Research Center David McGlinchey, and Co-Founding Dean Emerita of the Columbia Climate School Ruth DeFries. Their conversation sets the stage for what needs to be done at the upcoming COP 28 conference, and foreshadows what real policy changes, if any, may come as a result. Join us for this extremely critical discussion. This material is distributed by TRG Advisory Services, LLC on behalf of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in the U.S.. Additional information is available at the Department of Justice, Washington, DC.

The first episode in our series leading up to the COP28 summit in November will be distributed in two parts. This episode, called the Road to COP28, features a one-on-one conversation hosted by Rachel Kyte, Dean Emerita of the Fletcher School at Tufts University, and Ambassador Majid Al Suwaidi, Director General of COP28. Following their conversation, Rachel chairs a panel discussion featuring Professor at the University College London Mark Maslin, Interim Chair of the IUCN Climate Crisis Commission Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, Director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Gavin Schmidt, Chief of Government Relations at the Woodwell Climate Research Center David McGlinchey, and Co-Founding Dean Emerita of the Columbia Climate School Ruth DeFries. Their conversation sets the stage for what needs to be done at the upcoming COP 28 conference, and foreshadows what real policy changes, if any, may come as a result. Join us for this extremely critical discussion. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The first episode in our series leading up to the COP28 summit in November will be distributed in two parts. This episode, called the Road to COP28, features a one-on-one conversation hosted by Rachel Kyte, Dean Emerita of the Fletcher School at Tufts University, and Ambassador Majid Al Suwaidi, Director General of COP28. Following their conversation, Rachel chairs a panel discussion featuring Professor at the University College London Mark Maslin, Interim Chair of the IUCN Climate Crisis Commission Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, Director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Gavin Schmidt, Chief of Government Relations at the Woodwell Climate Research Center David McGlinchey, and Co-Founding Dean Emerita of the Columbia Climate School Ruth DeFries. Their conversation sets the stage for what needs to be done at the upcoming COP 28 conference, and foreshadows what real policy changes, if any, may come as a result. Join us for this extremely critical discussion. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The first episode in our series leading up to the COP28 summit in November will be distributed in two parts. This episode, called the Road to COP28, features a one-on-one conversation hosted by Rachel Kyte, Dean Emerita of the Fletcher School at Tufts University, and Ambassador Majid Al Suwaidi, Director General of COP28. Following their conversation, Rachel chairs a panel discussion featuring Professor at the University College London Mark Maslin, Interim Chair of the IUCN Climate Crisis Commission Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, Director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Gavin Schmidt, Chief of Government Relations at the Woodwell Climate Research Center David McGlinchey, and Co-Founding Dean Emerita of the Columbia Climate School Ruth DeFries. Their conversation sets the stage for what needs to be done at the upcoming COP 28 conference, and foreshadows what real policy changes, if any, may come as a result. Join us for this extremely critical discussion. This material is distributed by TRG Advisory Services, LLC on behalf of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in the U.S.. Additional information is available at the Department of Justice, Washington, DC.

In this eye-opening episode of TCAST, Alexander McCaig and Jason Rigby dive deep—literally—into the consequences of our insatiable thirst for groundwater. Can human activity really impact the tilt of the Earth's axis? The revelation that rampant groundwater pumping has led to measurable shifts in the planet's rotation is more than just groundbreaking—it's a testament to the scale of human influence on our planet. Join us as we explore how and why this is happening and what it means for our future. Show Notes: Introduction A quick recap of the article from Scientific American by Davide Castelvecchi. The astonishing fact: Earth has lost over 2 trillion tons of groundwater between 1993 and 2010. The Earth Wobbles Explanation of how the tilt of Earth's axis is generally stable. How significant shifts can occur when large masses relocate within and on the surface of the planet. A Deeper Dive with Ki-Weon Seo's Insights Discussing Seo's findings and his journey to understand the changes in Earth's water content. Unraveling the mystery: how groundwater was the missing piece in explaining the tilt. Gravitational Surveys & Their Revelations The link between irrigation practices, particularly in northwestern India and western North America, and depletion of underground reservoirs. How this depletion has contributed to global sea-level rise. Consequences & Future Implications Delving into the potential outcomes of the shift in Earth's axis. The direction of the shift: towards Russia's Novaya Zemlya islands. Allegra LeGrande from NASA's take on the impact of this research. Closing Thoughts The broader theme: the undeniable impact of human activities on Earth. How data and technology can help us become more aware and perhaps find solutions. Upcoming on TCAST A sneak peek into future episodes and exciting guests. Recommendations & References: Rampant Groundwater Pumping Has Changed the Tilt of Earth's Axis - Scientific American Research by Ki-Weon Seo, geophysicist at Seoul National University. Insights from Allegra LeGrande, a climate scientist at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Connect with TCAST: Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, and wherever you get your podcasts. Stay updated with the latest trends in big data, AI, and humanity. Dive deep with TCAST.

Welcome to the Harvard Center for International Development's Road to GEM23 Climate & Development podcast. CID's Road to GEM23 series precedes and helps launch CID's Global Empowerment Meeting 2023 (GEM23), Growing in a Green World on May 10th and 11th. At CID, we work across a global network of researchers and practitioners to build, convene, and deploy talent to address the world's most pressing challenges. On our Road to GEM23, we strive to elevate and learn from voices from the countries on the frontlines of the climate crisis and will feature learnings from leading researchers and practitioners working to combat climate change. In this episode, we are joined by Gavin Schmidt, Climatologist and Director of NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies who will describe the biggest challenges with modeling and predicting climate change effects across the world. CID Student Ambassador and Harvard Graduate Student Yan Liang interviewed Gavin Schmidt to learn more about his insights on the complex mechanisms that drive climate change and identifying and mitigating effects of climate change on society in the coming years.

Kids love learning about space. When we connect them with great space themed resources, we can inspire more STEM learning and ambitions of amazing STEM careers in space exploration. The United States' space agency NASA has propelled technological breakthroughs, pushed the frontiers of scientific research, and expanded our understanding of the universe through journeys to space. These accomplishments, and those to come, share a common genesis: education in science, technology, engineering, and math.(Learn more about NASA STEM on Ep 224)Resources mentioned during the podcast:NASA Connects: nasacentral.force.com/cop/s/NASA STEM Website: stem.nasa.govNASA EXPRESS Newsletter: nasa.gov/stem/expressArtemis resources: stem.nasa.gov/artemisConnect with NASA STEM:Twitter: @NASASTEMFacebook: @NASASTEMEngagementYouTube: NASA STEMCindy Hasselbring serves as a K-12 Education Advisor for Next Gen STEM in NASA's Office of STEM Engagement (OSTEM). She led the development of NASA's first online community of practice for educators, CONNECTS, served as Senior Policy Advisor and Assistant Director for STEM Education at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy.  Previously, she led STEM initiatives as Special Assistant to the State Superintendent at the Maryland State Department of Education, completed two years as an Albert Einstein Distinguished Educator Fellow at the National Science Foundation, and taught math for 16 years at Milan High School in Michigan. She was awarded the Presidential Award for Excellence in Mathematics and Science Teaching and earned National Board Certification. Stephanie Stern-Protz is a STEM/STEAM Specialist and Experiential Learning Specialist for the North Bergen STEM Academy. In 2011, Stephanie was among 50 teachers nationwide awarded a scholarship for the NASA Endeavor Teaching Certificate from US-Satellite. Stephanie was invited as a STEM Educator to present her work at the NASA Lunch and Learn Session in 2013 at Capitol Hill. She has continued to be a part of NASA education efforts through her work as an Ambassador, special projects, the North Bergen STEM Initiative with NASA Goddard Institute of Space Studies, CONNECTS for teachers, and as a co-facilitator and assistant teacher for the NASA Endeavor Teacher Certificate organization. Chris Woods is the host of the STEM Everyday Podcast... Connect with him:Website: dailystem.comTwitter: @dailystemInstagram: @dailystemYouTube: youtubeGet Chris's book Daily STEM on AmazonSupport the show

What is a heat wave? On this explainer, Neil deGrasse Tyson and comic co-host Chuck Nice explore the massive heat waves that have been sweeping the world with Director of NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Gavin Schmidt. NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can watch or listen to this entire episode commercial-free here: https://startalkmedia.com/show/whats-the-deal-with-these-heat-waves/Photo Credit: Cristian Ibarra Santillan, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The United States is on the brink of passing a climate bill that could get us closer to making real progress against climate change than we've ever been before. Gavin Schmidt, climatologist and director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, talks with Andy about the seemingly insurmountable number of climate catastrophes we're currently experiencing and how the the  Inflation Reduction Act may help finally rein in climate change. We also hear from Leah Stokes, a political scientist and environmental expert who helped craft some of the bill's climate provisions. She explains how the bill would transition large parts of the economy from fossil fuels to clean energy and get us closer to cutting pollution in half.  Keep up with Andy on Twitter @ASlavitt. Follow Gavin Schmidt and Leah Stokes on Twitter at @ClimateOfGavin and @leahstokes  Joining Lemonada Premium is a great way to support our show and get bonus content. Subscribe today at bit.ly/lemonadapremium.  Support the show by checking out our sponsors! Click this link for a list of current sponsors and discount codes for this show and all Lemonada shows: https://lemonadamedia.com/sponsors/  Check out these resources from today's episode:  Go to https://www.call4climatenow.com/ to learn how you can urge Senators to pass the Inflation Reduction Act Find vaccines, masks, testing, treatments, and other resources in your community: https://www.covid.gov/ Order Andy's book, “Preventable: The Inside Story of How Leadership Failures, Politics, and Selfishness Doomed the U.S. Coronavirus Response”: https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250770165  Stay up to date with us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at @LemonadaMedia.  For additional resources, information, and a transcript of the episode, visit lemonadamedia.com/show/inthebubble.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The US is expected to give Ukraine an additional $1 billion in military aid, as western intelligence officials say the war has reached a pivotal point. But will it be too late? For more, former commander of US forces in Europe, General Ben Hodges, joins the show.  Also in today's episode: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York Director Gavin Schmidt, former Senator Russ Feingold, author Keri Blakinger. To learn more about how CNN protects listener privacy, visit cnn.com/privacy

The second season of the Lund Observatory astronomy podcast has arrived, giving you an insight into the life and work of our astronomers! Michael Way works at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies where he is modeling planetary atmospheres, with a special interest for Venus and its history. He was visiting Lund Observatory to give a talk at the Källén Seminars for Young Astronomers, and we invited him onto the podcast to ask him if there is any chance that Venus has ever been habitable (spoiler: the answer is 'yes'). In this second season of the Meridian we are also bringing you some field reporting from the Nordic Optical Telescope on La Palma, where a team of astronomers are trying to catch an ultra-hot Jupiter-sized exoplanet. The Meridian is produced by Lund Observatory. For more information, and pictures, please visit our website: www.astro.lu.se/TheMeridian Note that in this podcast series there is a significant risk we may mention astrophysics, planetary science, astronomy research, PhD studies, telescopes, both space based and ground based observatories, telescope development, space missions, astronauts, Earth science, particle physics, stars, planets, moons, galaxies, nebulae, stellar clusters, cosmology, astrometry, ESA, NASA, ISS, astronauts, astronomers, instrumentation, data reduction, spectroscopy, photometry, exoplanets (from exo-Earths to ultra-hot Jupiters), simulations and modeling, solar science and solar storms, dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, stellar evolution, supernovae and many more space related topics.

Eine neue Studie des NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies und des Potsdam-Instituts für Klimafolgenforschung zeigt: Landwirte und Landwirtinnen weltweit müssen sich schon innerhalb des nächsten Jahrzehnts auf die neue Klimarealität einstellen.

In this very special episode, I am joined live in Berlin by the "Godfather of Climate Science," Dr. James Hansen. Dr. James Hansen is the former director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, and is now the Director of the "Climate Science, Awareness and Solutions Program" at Columbia University's Earth Institute. He was one of the first to bring climate change to the public eye with his famous testimony before the U.S. congress in the 1980s. Since then, he has continued to be at the forefront of the climate debate. We discuss a wide range of topics: The emergence of the science on global warming from rising CO2 levels Dr. Hansen's experience as a high-caliber climate advocate The shift from climate deniers to climate lukewarmists The two most important climate actions for Dr. Hansen, a carbon tax and support for nuclear power Why Dr. Hansen didn't go to COP26 The anti-nuclear lobby The virtually unlimited government support for renewables Differential responsibility for climate change The contrast between German and Chinese approaches to climate action Fukushima, alarmism, and anti-nuclear NRC picks Reflections on geoengineering This interview was recorded live from Berlin. Watch the video! Watch Dr. James Hansen's TED Talk.

Over the last fifty years, our world has made remarkable progress in reducing hunger around the world. How can we keep our farms and food system resilient in a warming climate? Dr. Cynthia Rosenzweig, Senior Research Scientist at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, joins host Laur Hesse Fisher on this episode of TILclimate to explain how climate change is already impacting our global food system.For a deeper dive and additional resources related to this episode, visit: https://climate.mit.edu/podcasts/til-about-farming-a-warmer-planetFor more episodes of TILclimate by the MIT Environmental Solutions Initiative, visit tilclimate.mit.edu. CreditsLaur Hesse Fisher, Host and ProducerDavid Lishansky, Editor and ProducerAaron Krol, Associate ProducerIlana Hirschfeld, Student Production AssistantCarolyn Shea, Fact CheckerSylvia Scharf, Education SpecialistMusic by Blue Dot SessionsArtwork by Aaron Krol

April 22nd was the 51st celebration of Earth Day. Kathleen Rogers, from Earthday.org, Tim Christophersen, of the UN Environment Program and Benjamin Cook, from the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies joins Rick Pantaleo for the Science Edition of Press Conference USA. Rick and his guests will discuss important environmental concerns like climate change and restoring Earth’s ecosystems.

April 22nd was the 51st celebration of Earth Day. Kathleen Rogers, from Earthday.org, Tim Christophersen, of the UN Environment Program and Benjamin Cook, from the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies joins Rick Pantaleo for the Science Edition of Press Conference USA. Rick and his guests will discuss important environmental concerns like climate change and restoring Earth's ecosystems.

A story of how we saved the planet, and how we need to do it againGlossary: green finance, Montreal Protocol, ozone depletion, greenhouse effect, greenhouse gases, Kyoto Protocol, Conference of Parties (COP), Paris Agreement, European Green Deal, climate neutrality, carbon offsetting, climate change, carbon trading, carbon pricingSources:Defining "green" in the context of green finance, European Commission, 2017European Green Deal, European Commission, 2019Stratospheric Sink for Chlorofluoromethanes: Chlorine Atom-Catalysed Destruction of Ozone. Mario Molina and FS Rowland, Nature, 1974The World Solved the Ozone Problem. It Can Solve Climate Change. The Editorial Board, New York Times, 2019Has the Kyoto protocol made any difference to carbon emissions? Duncan Clark, The Guardian, 2012climate.nasa.gov, NASA (Goddard Institute for Space Studies)unep.org, Unite Nations Environment Programmewikipedia.org See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In this episode, we speak with Dr. Christian Braneon, a scientist at the NASA Goddard Institute of Space Studies and a visiting professor in the Environmental Science Department at Barnard College. His work outside of academia is focused on stakeholder engagement, satellite imagery and climate projections. He speaks to us about the urban heat island effect impacting our cities across the globe. He explains the steps we can take to make sure we ensure a better future for ourselves and the generations to come, as we face a major climate change crisis.

Since 2014, Gavin Schmidt has been director of the influential NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, located in New York's Columbia University. One of the institute's key objectives is predicting atmospheric and climate changes in the 21st Century - and Schmidt is one of the world's most trusted guides to the latest data on the impact of rising temperatures and advocate for urgent action to limit climate change and its adverse impacts. Driving Change began our conversation by asking him about how, if at all, the pandemic has shifted his thinking about climate change.

With more people teleworking than ever, the decreased use of vehicular transportation has caused several observable changes regarding the environment. The skies look bluer, there are more ducks in the pond, there seems to be less air pollution. However, it is important to note that this temporary pause in the economy should not be confused with the structural changes needed to avoid the effects of climate change. Let’s take a deeper look into this topic with Billy Fleming, a research coordinator for UPenn's Stuart Weitzman School of Design, Kate Marvel, a climate scientist at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, and Franco Montalto, a Professor of civil, architectural, and environmental engineering at Drexel University. You can find more information here: https://mcharg.upenn.edu/people/billy-fleming, http://www.marvelclimate.com/, and https://drexel.edu/engineering/about/faculty-staff/M/montalto-franco/.

Climatologist Dr. Gavin Schmidt is the Director of the NASA Goddard Institute of Space Studies. In a wide-ranging interview, we talk Climate Change, melting ice sheets, fossil fuels, the impact of COVID-19 and why people in movies don't listen to scientists. Then, we countdown the Top 5 Kinds of Cookies. Dr. Gavin Schmidt: 02:29 John Shull:28:07 Top 5 Cookies: 41:24 Contact the Show Instagram Dr. Gavin Schmidt Twitter Real Climate.org

What’s it like to be one of the most well-known climate scientists around? People (e.g. your dad) should just trust what you say, right? Well…it doesn’t always work out like that. Kate Marvel, Associate Research Scientist at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia Engineering's Department of Applied Physics and Mathematics, started as a theoretical physicist before shifting to studying climate change. In addition to her research, she writes a regular column, “Hot Planet”, for Scientific American. She’s also an AGU Voices for Science Advocate This episode was produced and mixed by Shane M Hanlon.

Texas+Water Editor-in-Chief Dr. Todd Votteler talks with Benjamin Cook, Adjunct Research Scientist at the Earth Institute’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. In addition to his position at Lamont, Cook also serves as a Research Physical Scientist at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York where he researches drought, hydroclimate, and interactions between the land surface and climate system. Cook holds a B.S. in Environmental and Forest Biology from SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry as well as an M.S. and Ph.D. in Environmental Science from the University of Virginia.

What does the government really know about UFOs? Does our military possess information about unexplained aerial phenomena that remains unknown to the general public, and what are their attitudes toward it? For several years now, we have slowly been getting a clearer picture of what the U.S. government does—and does not—know about UFOs. As shown by the recent “official” release by the Department of Defense of three UFO videos previously made available online in 2017, the government certainly has been keeping some information about the subject. However, they also admit that they still can’t identify the objects in the videos. Yet with all of the attention the Navy, Air Force, and other branches are getting these days with relation to UFOs, when it comes to asking what the “government” really knows, there is one agency that seems to attract a lot less attention: NASA. This week on The Micah Hanks Program, we delve into what the U.S. space agency has to say about unexplained aerial phenomena, as we go in search of NASA's "secret" UFO files, tucked away within a little-known aviation safety reporting database.  Coronavirus Charities: If you are able, please consider supporting the following charities that are offering relief for those affected by the coronavirus pandemic: CDC Foundation Coronavirus Relief No Kid Hungry Responds to Coronavirus Direct Relief: Coronavirus Pandemic American Red Cross: Give Blood Feeding America Meals on Wheels Homeless Shelter Directory Enjoy The Micah Hanks Program? Check out Micah's other podcasts here.  Below are links to stories and other content featured in this episode: The mysterious X-37B space plane is going back into orbit — here's what it'll be doing up there Salmon Respond to Earth's Magnetic Field, And We Might Finally Know How UFO Sightings | Solar System Exploration Research Identifying UFOs - Night Sky Network - NASA “Unidentified flying objects in classical antiquity,” NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies ASRS - Aviation Safety Reporting System The Ghost Rockets: Mystery Missiles and Phantom Projectiles in Our Skies FarAim.org Entry for “Unidentified Flying Object Reports” NASA’s Office of Safety and Mission Assurance Planetary Protection Page “Assessment of the Report of NASA’s Planetary Protection Independent Review Board” BECOME AN X SUBSCRIBER AND GET EVEN MORE GREAT PODCASTS AND MONTHLY SPECIALS FROM MICAH HANKS. Sign up today and get access to the entire back catalog of The Micah Hanks Program, as well as “classic” episodes of The Gralien Report Podcast, weekly “additional editions” of the subscriber-only X Podcast, the monthly Enigmas specials, and much more. Like us on Facebook Follow @MicahHanks on Twitter Follow Micah on Instagram Visit Micah's Website and check out Our Podcast Page Music featured on The Micah Hanks Program includes songs composed by Caleb Hanks (The Clerk Chronicles), Decepticons (Dreamland, Start the Machine) and Micah Hanks. All songs are either in the public domain, Royalty Free, Creative Commons Attribution 3.0, or are used with permission of the creators. Please note that some links to books and other items on this page may feature Amazon Associate links.

Neil deGrasse Tyson explores coronavirus and climate change with co-host Chuck Nice, Gavin A. Schmidt, PhD, Director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, and climate scientist and Global Weirding host Katharine Hayhoe, PhD. NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons and All-Access subscribers can watch or listen to this entire episode commercial-free here: https://www.startalkradio.net/show/coronavirus-and-climate-change-with-neil-degrasse-tyson/ Thanks to our Patrons – Taylor Brandt, Carlene Goodbody, Leonard Saldana, Kaden Kartsone, Nicole Deschaine, Jeremy Newman, Nathan Hwee, and Nicholas Marazoff – for supporting us this week. Photo Credit: Earther/Gizmodo.

This week, Dr. Gavin Schmidt, Director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, joins the show to review the results of NASA and NOAA analyses on 2019 climate data. He explains what the second hottest year on record means for an increasingly concerning trend.  Then, Citizens' Climate Lobby's Daniel Palken explains to us about how to talk to conservatives and Republican lawmakers. He discusses what motivates right-leaning voters, how CCL approaches reaching out to this group, and their upcoming event in Washington D.C.  As always, follow us @climatepod on Twitter and email us at theclimatepod@gmail.com. Our music is "Gotta Get Up" by The Passion Hifi, check out his music at thepassionhifi.com. Rate, review and subscribe to this podcast on iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, and more! Follow Dr. Gavin Schmidt on Twitter  Follow Daniel Palken on Twitter  Further Reading: NASA, NOAA Analyses Reveal 2019 Second Warmest Year on Record Trump Removes Pollution Controls on Streams and Wetlands by Coral Davenport in The New York Times To learn more about Citizens' Climate Lobby's conservative lobby day on The Hill, Feb. 3-4, check out https://citizensclimatelobby.org/ or follow CCL on Twitter.   

“The best part is problem solving and puzzles. Putting together pieces from different things that have bounced around your brain because you’ve been working on it for a long time, and when something comes together and it works out, it’s incredibly satisfying.” Tim Hall always wanted to be a scientist. An analytical mind and boyhood fascination with black holes and the origin of the universe guided him to where could continue pondering big questions – the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, where he is a Senior Research Scientist.

Drought is a major natural hazard in the Eastern Mediterranean, including the Levant and Middle East, with documented impacts on historical and contemporary societies. Further, this region is likely to experience increased drought risk and severity with climate change in the coming century. In this talk, Dr Benjamin Cook will review the main drivers of natural drought variability in the region over the last several thousand years, explain how climate change is already exacerbating drought risk in the region, and detail drought impacts on societies past, present, and future. While drought will likely remain a major challenge for people and ecosystems in the Eastern Mediterranean in coming decades, Benjamin will also discuss strategies and approaches for mitigation and adaptation that may help increase resiliency in the region. About the speaker: Dr Benjamin Cook is a climate scientist at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University in New York City, specializing in the study of drought and climate change. His research is focused on improving the understanding of drought dynamics in the paleoclimate record, during the historical period, and in response to anthropogenic climate change. His textbook, "Drought: An Interdisciplinary Perspective" will be published by Columbia University Press in Spring of 2019. This was a CBRL partner event with the University of East Anglia and UCL Geography.

Today's guest is Dr. Michael Ferrari. Michael is the Founder, Managing Partner & Principal at Atlas Research Innovations. They provide applied research, scientific analysis and bespoke services to clients in the private and public sectors, government and academia with an emphasis on climate, risk, agriculture, environment, energy, water, IoT & space. Michael has spent nearly two decades as a scientist, engineer and economist in a wide variety of industries. Most of this work falls at the food-water-energy-infrastructure nexus and encompasses Data Science, Spatial Informatics, AI/Machine Learning, Financial & Physical Risk, Smart City & Earth Observation Technologies, and more. Michael earned his PhD from Rutgers where his research focused on better understanding the Industrial/Environmental interface and the Earth/Space/Biosphere complex from both information systems and an evolutionary perspective. His doctoral work in numerical modelling and applied mathematics was supported by the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. In today's episode, Michael will share with you: His interesting work at Atlas Research Innovations What he loves about his job Key tips on making the move from academia to industry The exciting world of IoT How to effectively apply AI within your business Building a great Data Science team The importance of being involved in the Data Science community

We're back! Did you miss me? Don't answer that please. Today's episode kicks off Season FIVE of Flash Forward. This year, I'm doing things a little bit differently. Instead of doing a new episode every other week, you're getting little mini-seasons. Each little block of five episodes will come out weekly, and center around a theme. This week we're starting our EARTH series. Five episodes, five different future Earths. Buckle up, I hope you're ready for some fun. And some terror. This is Flash Forward after all. Today we travel to a future where humanity decides to pull the climate emergency break, and spray sulphuric acid into the upper atmosphere. Guests Anthony Jones, climate model researcher at University of Exeter Jane Flegal, climate science and policy advisor, program officer at The Bernard and Anne Spitzer Charitable Trust Kate Marvel, climate scientist at Columbia University and NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Romaric Odoulami, climate scientist at the University of Cape Town Prakash Kashwan, political scientist at the University of Connecticut  Actors The Snowglobe Narrator: Brent Rose Lenny Haywood: Evan Johnson Farah Mousterian: Zahra Noorbakhsh John Jacob Siwa: Joseph Jones Juana Aguilar: Tamara Krinsky Thor Surtr: Oliver Blank Special Thanks Women's Audio Mission studios, Maryam Qudus, Stephanie Lopez The Potluck Podcast Collective, The Potluck Podcast studio, Quincy Surasmith Flash Forward is produced by me, Rose Eveleth. The intro music is by Asura and the outtro music is by Hussalonia. The episode art is by Matt Lubchansky. Get in touch:  Twitter // Facebook // Reddit // info@flashforwardpod.com Support the show: Patreon // Donorbox Thanks to PNAS for supporting Flash Forward. Listen to Science Sessions on iTunes today.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Ben Cook from NASA Goddard Institute of Space Studies joins us on the show to talk about drought, the climate system, working across scales/disciplines, how we think about hazards, and his soon-to-be-released book. Ben is a climate scientist who is broadly interested in land surface and climate system interactions with a focus on drought. This show was recorded live at the 2018 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting in Washington, DC.

Credit: Bruce Gilbert Gavin Schmidt runs the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and develops, pokes, prods, tears down, builds up, and talks about talking about climate models. He also considered opening a child care center at GISS, but thought better of it. I’m a complete neophyte when it comes to doing interviews. Most of […]

Copyright 2018 - The Energy Show - Barry Cinnamon These days you can't watch TV, read a news story or listen to the radio without seeing catastrophic fires, hurricanes, and high temperatures. The world is getting hotter. To illustrate, Death Valley recorded the hottest month ever recorded on Earth. Temperatures averaged 108.1 degrees day and night, all of July 2018. That beat last year's record monthly temperature. This is not just a U.S. only story, it's a worldwide issue. During the month of July 2018 record high temperatures were set on every single continent in the northern hemisphere (it was winter in the southern hemisphere). Politicians, policymakers and leaders all over the world created the Paris Climate Agreement in 2016 — which every country in the world joined except for outcast Syria. Syria stepped up to the Paris Climate Agreement in 2017 — and then during the same year President Trump withdrew from the Agreement. The U.S. is the only country in the world that is not a signatory of the Paris Climate Agreement, the intention of which is to avoid a likely slow motion global warming disaster. We have been euphemistically describing this problem as “climate change.” Yes, the climate is changing, and it is getting hotter. So I am back to describing this looming catastrophe as “global warming." There are a few scientists who still believe that this global warming is not caused by mankind, is part of a natural cycle, or is not really a problem (Iceland could be the new Costa del Sol). Nevertheless, according to ongoing temperature analyses conducted by climate scientists at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, the average global temperature on Earth has increased by about .8 degree Celsius which is 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit since 1880. Two thirds of the warming has incurred since 1975 at a rate of .15 to .2 degrees per decade. Natural processes are generally not linear -- this warming is speeding up. We may be getting close to a tipping point at which global warming dramatically accelerates, flooding coastal areas and creating conditions so hot in many countries that humans can no longer survive. Please Listen up to this week's Energy Show as we share various scientific and media perspectives on global warming. It's time to panic and act.

Can you be a scientist and an activist? Can you be an engaged citizen and still do un-biased research? We explore these questions and more with astrobiologist and host Dr. FunkySpoon, Chuck Nice, and Dr. Gavin Schmidt, climatologist and Director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies.Don't miss an episode of StarTalk All-Stars. Subscribe on:SoundCloud: https://soundcloud.com/startalk_all-starsApple Podcasts: https://itun.es/us/P9kphb.cStitcher: http://www.stitcher.com/podcast/startalk-allstarsTuneIn: http://tunein.com/radio/StarTalk-All-Stars-p949405/Google Play Music: https://play.google.com/music/listen#/ps/I2nz5bguurd5se7zu4fhnd25lk4NOTE: StarTalk All-Access subscribers can watch or listen to this entire episode commercial-free. https://www.startalkradio.net/all-access/climate-science-advocacy-and-activism-with-david-grinspoon/Photo credit: Becker1999 from Grove City, OH

Can you be a scientist and an activist? Can you be an engaged citizen and still do un-biased research? We explore these questions and more with astrobiologist and host Dr. FunkySpoon, Chuck Nice, and Dr. Gavin Schmidt, climatologist and Director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Don’t miss an episode of StarTalk All-Stars. Subscribe on: SoundCloud: https://soundcloud.com/startalk_all-stars Apple Podcasts: https://itun.es/us/P9kphb.c Stitcher: http://www.stitcher.com/podcast/startalk-allstars TuneIn: http://tunein.com/radio/StarTalk-All-Stars-p949405/ Google Play Music: https://play.google.com/music/listen#/ps/I2nz5bguurd5se7zu4fhnd25lk4 NOTE: StarTalk All-Access subscribers can watch or listen to this entire episode commercial-free. https://www.startalkradio.net/all-access/climate-science-advocacy-and-activism-with-david-grinspoon/ Photo credit: Becker1999 from Grove City, OH

This week we present two stories about the inspiration behind scientists' careers. Part 1: Kate Marvel's dream of being a genius takes her to Cambridge to study astrophysics. Part 2: When Joe Normandin begins to question his sexuality as a teenager, he turns to neuroscience for help. Kate Marvel is a scientist at Columbia University and the NASA Goddard Institute of Space studies. She uses computer models and satellite observations to monitor and explain the changes happening around us. Her work has suggested that human activities are already affecting global rainfall and cloud patterns. Marvel is committed to sharing the joy and beauty of science with wider audiences. She has advised journalists, artists and policymakers, written a popular science blog and given frequent public talks. Her writing has appeared in Nautilus Magazine and On Being.  You can watch her Mainstage TED talk at http://go.ted.com/katemarvel Joe Normandin earned a B.A. in Biology with a Specialization in Neuroscience from Boston University, where he worked as an undergraduate research assistant in labs studying the behavioral genetics of sexual orientation in people and female sexual behavior in a rat model.  He earned a Ph.D. in Biological Sciences - Neurobiology and Behavior from Georgia State University, where he explored how the brain regulates sexual reflexes.  He found evidence of a brain circuit that provides an anatomical/functional basis for the oft-reported side effects of delayed orgasm in those taking antidepressants. He is now a Lecturer and Director of Undergraduate Studies in the Neuroscience Institute at Georgia State University. Dr. Normandin values the wonderful public education and support he received as a young gay man growing up in Massachusetts.  Even with that education and support, he struggled with his identity as a gay person.  In high school, a psychology class introduced him to neuroscience, which led to a search for research that he thought would validate his sexual orientation.  This search set him on a path towards becoming a neuroscientist, and ultimately led to questions he explores in the classroom: Are people born gay?  Does it matter?  Dr. Normandin is also an avid gamer and has saved the universe many times. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr Gavin Schmidt is a climatologist and Director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, one of the world’s top climate research organisations.  Watch this Full Episode for Free only at: https://londonreal.tv/gavin-schmidt-global-warming-exposed/ He is only the third person to hold this post for NASA, having taken on the role from James Hansen - the “father of climate change awareness”. Gavin's work focuses on understanding past, present and future climate change and on the development and evaluation of climate models, and he has written over 120 publications that specialise in simulations of the past, present and future. Scientific American cited him, as one of the 50 Research Leaders of 2004, and his 2014 TED talk on climate modelling has been viewed over one million times. While Gavin proposes that climate models are skilful, he advocates that what's most important is for us to "get off our carbon diet". Chapters: 00:00 Trailer. 01:48 Brian’s thoughts on the episode. 04:44 Brian’s introduction. 05:20 A returning Londoner, Gavin notices improvements to the people’s environment. 06:30 Freedom from assumptions and judgemental attitudes is why he chooses to live and work in New York. 08:14 Gavin’s work evolved from a scientific exercise to something that really matters to people. 14:01 How scientists use modelling to understand why and how the environment is affected. 20:34 Modelling factors affecting the climate over last one hundred years. 25:08 The attribution study shows that greenhouse gasses are the major influence. 28:26 Why, when the scientific evidence is so obvious, is it so controversial. 34:20 NASA’s involvement in climate change issues and how they can see changes in gravity field on earth. 40:50 Rumoured proposed cuts to NASA’s budget and possible effect on climate change analysis. 44:45 Hurricane forecasting, mapping and response planning. 50:24 Climate change risks for countries, pests and diseases, economy and populations. 1:02:21 What we need to be doing to mitigate our risk, adapt to what will come and minimise suffering. 1:05:10 How we can reduce carbon emissions. 1:15:00 Why the US Federal government’s argument against the Paris Agreement doesn’t stack up. 1:16:39 Various US states and places are leading the way in reducing carbon emissions. 1:20:32 Why Gavin continues to be inspired to do his work despite Governmental and public opposition. 1:25:34 How he argues with people who hold opposing views and why he refused to debate with one. 1:32:20 Gavin’s response to the argument that some mitigating policies will adversely affect the poor most. 1:32:52 The argument that everyone but China affects change will result in negative change. 1:35:46 “I am not a Galileo figure screaming into the wind.” 1:37:10 James Hansen had the cojones to speak out about first indications of climate change in the 1980s. 1:41:22 Gavin continues GISS ethos of communication and looks for ways to illustrate scientific credibility. 1:44:54 Does he worry he might lose his job for holding his views. 1:45:45 Al Gore compared current hydro-carbon industry media campaign to that of cigarette companies. 1:47:29 Success secrets. 1:48:27 What is surprising to learn about Gavin. 1:48:51 What keeps Gavin awake at night. 1:49:03 Would he ever return to live in London? 1:49 22 What Gavin has changed his mind about recently. 1:52:10 Phone call to the 20 year old Gavin Schmidt. 1:55:31 How Carl Sagan and Neil deGrasse Tyson dealt with celebrity status and communicating science. 1:58:21 Best advice ever received. 2:00:21 Advice to the young person who wants to help towards the argument for climate change. 2:02:51 Brian’s summing up. FULL SHOW NOTES: https://londonreal.tv/gavin-schmidt-global-warming-exposed/  

Professor Gavin Schmidt, Director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, one of the world’s top climate research organisations. Professor Gavin Schmidt is only the third person to hold this post for NASA, taking the role after James Hansen - the “father of climate change awareness”. He have written over 120 publications that specialise in simulations of the past, present and future and Scientific American cited him, as one of the 50 Research Leaders of 2004. Watch this Full Episode for Free only at: https://londonreal.tv/gavin-schmidt-global-warming-exposed/

The Oakley Show asks climate change expert Gavin Schmidt about the record temperature year 2016.

StarTalk All-Stars Series Premiere: Host Bill Nye the Science Guy and co-host Chuck Nice answer Cosmic Queries about humanity's major challenge, with a little help from climatologist Dr. Gavin A. Schmidt of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies.

StarTalk All-Stars Series Premiere: Host Bill Nye the Science Guy and co-host Chuck Nice answer Cosmic Queries about humanity’s major challenge, with a little help from climatologist Dr. Gavin A. Schmidt of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies.

StarTalk All-Stars Series Premiere: Host Bill Nye the Science Guy and co-host Chuck Nice answer Cosmic Queries about humanity’s major challenge, with a little help from climatologist Dr. Gavin A. Schmidt of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies.

Cynthia Rosenzweig is a Senior Research Scientist at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, one of the leading institutions for research about global climate change. There, she's the leader of the Climate Impacts Group—which means she studies the ways a changing climate has—and will—affect our lives...

with Dr. James Hansen Think Globally Radio this week features an in-depth interview with Dr.James Hansen, the former director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, who has for over four decades played a central role—as a climate scientist and later in his career as an outspoken activist—in bringing … more >>

Hi folks! We have Blacki Migliozzi and Eric Roston from Bloomberg on the show to talk about their recent data graphic piece on climate change called "What's Really Warming The World?" The graphic shows, through a "scrollytelling," what factors may influence the world's temperature according to well-established climate models. It guides you through a series of questions and visuals to all you to see for yourself what correlates (spoiler: carbon emissions) and what does not. On the show we talk about how the Bloomberg team came up with this piece, their interaction with the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) scientists who developed the model, and the many challenges of translating important scientific knowledge into more digestible, but not simplistic, articles that everyone can read. We also talk about how they took inspiration from the children book "Where's Spot?" (which is a nice narrative technique for vis!) and all the delicate design decisions they had to make. ... And don't miss the moment when Eric drops the huge IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change) report book to give a sense of how big it is! Enjoy the show! --- This episode is sponsored by Qlik who allows you to explore hidden relationships within data that lead to insights. Qlik was named a Top 10 Innovative Growth Company by Forbes, and they published an interesting blog post analyzing the data from the ranking. Check it out! Qlik Sense allows you to create personalized visualizations and dynamic dashboards. You can download it for free at: www.qlik.de/datastories. --- LINKS What's Really Warming the World? - the Bloomberg graphics "Where's Spot?" kids book The CIMIP5 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (61 models from 28 countries evaluated and compared) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (the big tome) The IPCC synthesis reports (much shorter and easier to read / so many visuals could be improved!) Data on global land and ocean temperature records from NASA Scientific article on NASA GISS historical simulations Article on how temperature anomalies are calculated Datasets from the Bloomberg team: Observed land-ocean temperature Responses to climate forcings 850 year Preindustrial control experiment

Dr. Gavin Schmidt is the Director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Principal Investigator of the ModelE Earth System Model there. He received his PhD in Applied Mathematics from University College London. Afterward, he went on to conduct postdoctoral research at McGill University and Columbia University. Gavin worked for several years as an Associate Research Scientist and Research Scientist at Columbia before accepting a position with NASA where he has been for the last twenty years is today. In addition to his research, Gavin is also an avid science communicator and he is co-founder of the RealClimate blog. He was named EarthSky Science Communicator of the year and was awarded the Inaugural American Geophysical Union Climate Communication Prize both in 2011. He is also the co-author, with Joshua Wolfe, of Climate Change: Picturing the Science. Gavin is here with us today to tell us all about his journey through life and science.

Cynthia Rosenzweig - Senior Research Scientist, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies

James Hansen: Stephen Schneider Climate Science Communication Award Blurb: Dr. James Hansen, NASA climatologist, on communicating climate change to the next generation, human fingerprints on Superstorm Sandy, and inspiring action. "I'm very disappointed [California] chose a half-baked system like cap-and-trade, with offsets," said NASA climatologist James Hansen. He prefers a carbon fee and dividend and, in the absence of a strong carbon price, says the risks of reaching climatic tipping points that could bring catastrophic consequences rise. He also said people spreading disinformation about climate change “are smart enough to know what they are doing” and perhaps should be sued "for crimes against humanity.” Dr. Hansen is the recipient of the 2012 Stephen Schneider Award for Climate Science Communication, a $10,000 award in memory of the late great Stanford climate scientist and former member of the Climate One Advisory Council. James Hansen joins Climate One founder Greg Dalton to discuss recent wild weather, communicating climate change to the younger generation, climate change in politics, human fingerprints on Superstorm Sandy, and inspiring action. James Hansen, Head, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies; Adjunct Professor, Columbia University's Earth Institute; Author, Storms of My Grandchildren This program was recorded in front of a live audience at The Commonwealth Club in San Francisco on December 4, 2012

Dennis Frank interviews Kiwi biochar advocates Graham Smith (an Aucklander) and Trevor Richards (who lives in Kuala Lumpur).Biochar is a carbon-negative soil improvement technology that takes at least 25% of organic carbon out of the cycle and converts it into solid mineral carbon that remains stable in soil for thousands of years.It increases soil fertility and raises agricultural productivity, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers.  It slows evaporation by helping soil retain moisture, which reduces nutrient-leaching and the need for irrigation.Decomposing biomass adds large amounts of methane and carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and so does traditional wood-burning and composting.  Burying biochar instead reduces the flow of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.Sequestering carbon in the ground is now a sensible way to mitigate global warming, according to prominent scientists such as James Hansen, head of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, and James Lovelock, creator of the Gaia hypothesis.Biochar acts like a coral reef for microbes and fungi that are beneficial to soil and plants, enhancing root growth. Just as coral reefs are the richest ecosystems in the ocean for biodiversity, so biochar in the soil likewise provides a base on which soil biodiversity develops, creating a more resilient ecosystem.  Building soil biodiversity restores degraded soils & improves soil structure, reducing the need for pesticides by producing healthier plants.Charcoal is a high-carbon, fine-grained residue produced by pyrolysis of biomass.  If you heat almost any biological material to a certain temperature, and restrict or exclude oxygen, pyrolysis occurs instead of normal combustion.  Pyrolysis is the direct thermal decomposition of biomass in the absence of oxygen to obtain an array of solid (biochar), liquid (bio-oil) and gas (syngas) products. The specific yield depends on the design of the process - it can be optimised to prioritise either energy or biochar yield.  The gas can be used similarly to other fuels, to generate electricity, either by backyard mechanics or by sustainable energy entrepreneurs.  The United Nations Global Clean Stove Initiative is providing 100 million clean biomass cook-stoves for the developing world.Green technologies that convert waste to energy often produce biochar as a byproduct, and most processes that produce it use efficient renewable energy sources.  Industry and communities can apply them to sustainably exploit waste biomass resources.  In Auckland Graham hopes to help set up a process using the proposed curbside collection of foodscraps as compost in combination with pyrolised greenwaste.  Construction and demolition timber can be diverted from landfills, sawdust from sawmills and the output from chippers & shredders can be used.  Biochar further advances the green cause when used as a filter:  not only to purify water but also to absorb nutrient run-off from farms, and to clean and regenerate rivers and lakes.Current forestry uses tree trunks only, leaving the branches and leaves to rot & re-enter the atmosphere as greenhouse gases - so it makes sense to turn that into biochar instead.  Just consider the difference for reforestation of the Amazon: slash and burn leaves only 3% of the carbon from the organic material in the soil, whereas slash and char can sequester up to 50% of the carbon in a highly stable form!  That's from biochar's Wikipedia page.Dr. Tim Flannery is Professor of Environmental Sustainability at Macquarie University in Sydney, chairman of the Copenhagen Climate Council, and head of the Climate Commission in Australia.  His 1994 book “The Future Eaters” is an ecological history of Australasia, and his 2005 book about global warming “The Weather Makers” made the New York Times best-seller list.  In his Amazon review of "The Biochar Revolution", he points out that biochar-making techniques are readily accessible to everyone - all of us, in our own gardens and communities, can contribute and make a genuine difference now without having to wait for our governments and institutions.  If enough people do so, the collective effort will generate sustainable benefits for everyone.  He reckons that biochar may now be the most important initiative for the future of humanity!Graham and Trevor are part of a group currently facilitating the formation of the "NZ Biochar Interest Group", which will be affiliated to the International Biochar Initiative. http://www.biochar-international.orgIf you are interested in finding out more, please contact: biocharnz [at] gmail.com

Dr. Drew Shindell, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and the Earth Institute, Columbia University, speaks with Diane Horn about simultaneously mitigating near-term climate change and improving human health and food security.

Dr. James Hansen is the director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York, and Adjunct Professor at Columbia University?s Earth Institute. He is best known for bringing the urgency of the climate change issue to the world?s attention when he gave evidence to the US congress in 1988. Jeanette Fitzsimons, prominent NZ environmentalist, says: “Dr. Hansen is one of the best-known climate scientists in the world. He offers a recipe for how to achieve a stable climate that will be particularly relevant to New Zealand.” Held May 18, 2011.

Dr. James Hansen of the NASA Goddard Institute delivers a lecture on Human-Made Climate Change: A Moral, Political, and Legal Issue.

Dr. James Hansen of the NASA Goddard Institute delivers a lecture on Human-Made Climate Change: A Moral, Political, and Legal Issue.

Dr. James Hansen of the NASA Goddard Institute delivers a lecture on Human-Made Climate Change: A Moral, Political, and Legal Issue.

A Sydney Ideas lecture by James E Hansen, director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York and Adjunct Professor at Columbia University’s Earth Institute. Trained in physics and astronomy, Hansen is best known for his Congressional testimony on climate change in the 1980s that helped raise broad awareness of global warming. He has been an active researcher in planetary atmospheres and climate science for nearly 40 years, with the last 30 years focused on climate research, publishing more than 100 scholarly articles on the latter topic. Time Magazine designated Dr. Hansen as one of the world’s 100 most influential people in 2006, a tribute to his continuing efforts to serve the public through his scientific work. For more info see this page: http://sydney.edu.au/sydney_ideas/lectures/2010/professor_james_hansen.shtml

Dr. Cynthia Rosenzweig is a Senior Research Scientist at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies where she heads the Climate Impacts Group. She has organized and led large-scale interdisciplinary regional, national, and international studies of climate change impacts and adaptation. She is a co-chair of the New York City Panel on Climate Change, a body of experts convened by the Mayor advising the city on adaptation for its critical infrastructure. She has co-led the Metropolitan East Coast Regional Assessment of the U.S. National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change, sponsored by the U.S. Global Change Research Program. She is a Coordinating Lead Author of the IPCC Working Group II Fourth Assessment Report observed changes chapter, and served on the IPCC Task Group on Data and Scenarios for Impact and Climate Assessment. Dr. Rosenzweig's research involves the development of interdisciplinary methodologies to assess the potential impacts of and adaptations to global environmental change. A recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship, she joins impact models with climate models to predict future outcomes of both land-based and urban systems under altered climate conditions. She is a Professor at Barnard College and a Senior Research Scientist at the Columbia Earth Institute.

James Hansen, renowned climate scientist and director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies gives a compelling, lecture regarding the implications of today's actions on earth's future. Sponsors: Berkeley Institute of the Environment, Energy and Resources Group, Department of Geography, Progressive Perspectives, Berkeley Atmospheric Sciences Center, Sierra Club

James Hansen, renowned climate scientist and director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies gives a compelling, lecture regarding the implications of today's actions on earth's future. Sponsors: Berkeley Institute of the Environment, Energy and Resources Group, Department of Geography, Progressive Perspectives, Berkeley Atmospheric Sciences Center, Sierra Club