Podcasts about Poltava

Stríðið í Sýrlandi tók snöggan endi eftir tæplega 14 ár í byrjun desember. Eftir situr þjóð í sárum, helmingurinn á flótta og heil kynslóð sem ólst upp við borgarastríð. Þótt síðustu mánuðir hafi ekki verið friðsamlegir með öllu eru Sýrlendingar farnir að þora aftur heim að vitja heimila sinna. Ólöf Ragnarsdóttir ræddi við mann sem býr hér á Íslandi en er í Sýrlandi núna eftir meira en áratug á flótta. Við heyrum hans sögu. Svo förum við til Úkraínu með Birni Malmquist, en hann fór nýlega til Kyiv og reyndar víðar um Úkraínu. Í borginni Poltava hitti hann Tetiönu Bardinu, sem er aðstoðarborgarstjóri í Poltava. Hún lýsir mannskæðri árás Rússa á skóla í borginni í fyrra og segir erfitt að búa við það að önnur slík árás geti verið gerð á hverri stundu. Björn hitti líka Friðrik Jónsson, sendiherra Íslands í Póllandi og einnig gagnvart Úkraínu. Hann lýsir þeim verkefnum sem Ísland styrkir í Úkraínu. En síðustu þrjú ár hafa íslensk stjórnvöld varið um ellefu og hálfum milljarði króna í stuðning við Úkraínu, rúmlega helmingur þess hefur farið í hernaðarlega aðstoð og hinn helmingurinn í mannúðar- og efnahagslegan stuðning.

After the disaster at Poltava, the Swedish empire started to unravel. But instead of hurrying home to try and save what he could, Karl XII spent years in the Ottoman Empire. He wasn't enjoying an extended vacation in southern climes, though. He was trying to convince the sultan to attack Russia, thereby easing the pressure on Sweden.

Ivan Mazepa is a renowned Ukrainian leader who made significant contributions to the flourishing of Ukrainian culture and the Cossack state in the late 17th century. Because of his desire for Ukraine's freedom from Muscovy, Mazepa aligned himself with the Swedish king Charles XII in a war against the Russian tsar Peter I, ultimately losing the decisive battle near Poltava in seventeen o nine However, in the 19th century, Mazepa became a prominent cultural figure. George Gordon Byron, Victor Hugo, Juliusz Słowacki, Franz Liszt, and Eugène Delacroix created poems, musical compositions, and paintings depicting him as a young man, a political and sexual rebel. This portrayal of Mazepa gained popularity globally, reaching as far as South Africa and the United States. We delved into this story with Tony Voss, a South African university professor, Professor Emeritus and research associate of the University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, and Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa Host: Volodymyr Yermolenko, a Ukrainian philosopher, the chief editor of UkraineWorld, and the president of PEN Ukraine. Explaining Ukraine is a podcast by UkraineWorld, a multilingual media outlet focused on Ukraine. UkraineWorld is run by Internews Ukraine, one of Ukraine's largest media NGOs. You can support our work at www.patreon.com/ukraineworld. Your support is crucial as our media increasingly relies on crowdfunding. You can also support our volunteer trips to the front-line areas, where we provide assistance to both soldiers and civilians - mainly by bringing cars for soldiers and books for civilians. You can support our trips via PayPal at ukraine.resisting@gmail.com. This article was produced in partnership with the Ukrainian Institute, Ukraine's major cultural and public diplomacy institution, and NGO Cultural Diplomacy Foundation.

När Skåne blev svenskt genom freden i Roskilde år 1658 inleddes en period av omvälvningar för Lund. Den tidigare Metropolis Daniae blev nu en del av den svenska stormakten.Försvenskningen av Skåne kom att genomföras genom både militära och kulturella insatser, där Lund spelade en central roll. Under denna tid grundades Lunds universitet, slaget vid Lund utkämpades 1676 och i början av 1700-talet blev Lund tillfälligt Sveriges huvudstad när Karl XII styrde riket härifrån.Detta är det andra av två avsnitt om Lunds historia. Programledaren Urban Lindstedt samtalar med historikern och museimannen Göran Larsson. Detta är ett betalt samarbete med Visit Lund.Efter Roskildefreden 1658 blev Skåne en del av Sverige, men den skånska befolkningen betraktades av de svenska myndigheterna som opålitlig och potentiellt lojal mot Danmark. Den svenska regeringen genomförde därför en omfattande försvenskningspolitik som syftade till att integrera landskapet i det svenska riket.Lunds universitet grundades 1666 som ett led i försvenskningen av Skåne och för att stärka den svenska närvaron i området. Det var Sveriges andra universitet efter Uppsala och blev snabbt ett centrum för utbildning och forskning i södra Sverige​. Universitetets första tid var dock svår. Det hade få studenter och begränsade resurser.Den 4 december 1676 utkämpades ett av de blodigaste slagen i Nordens historia norr om Lund, vid Vallkärra. Den svenska armén under Karl XI stod mot en dansk armé ledd av Kristian V. Slaget var avgörande för kontrollen över Skåne och slutade med en knapp svensk seger​. Slaget innebar stora förluster på båda sidor – uppskattningsvis 9 000 soldater dödades eller sårades. Trots segern förblev Skåne ett oroligt område under flera år, och de svenska myndigheterna vidtog hårda repressalier mot misstänkta dansksinnade skåningar.Under skånska kriget (1675–1679) tvingades universitetet tillfälligt stänga, och många av de tidiga professorerna lämnade Lund. Efter kriget återupptogs undervisningen, men det dröjde innan universitetet blev en betydande institution. Vid 1700-talets mitt hade det fortfarande bara omkring hundra inskrivna studenter per år​.Mellan 1716 och 1718 fungerade Lund som Sveriges inofficiella huvudstad när Karl XII valde att styra riket härifrån. Kungen hade återvänt till Sverige efter många års krig i Europa och valde att upprätta sitt högkvarter i Lund istället för i Stockholm. Orsaken var både strategisk och personlig – Karl XII ville vara nära Danmark och planerade ett nytt fälttåg mot Norge, samtidigt som han ogärna återvände till huvudstaden efter nederlaget vid Poltava​.Bild: Det danska cessionsbrevet gällande avträdelse av Skåne till Sverige, 1658. Riksarkivet. I samband med freden i Roskilde så avträdde Danmark bl.a. provinsen Skåne till Sverige. Bilden föreställer cessionsbrevet gällande avträdelse av Skåne till Sverige. Undertecknat 24 februari 1658 i Köpenhamn. Hämtad från arkivet Originaltraktater med främmande makter (traktater) som bevaras hos Riksarkivet. Wikipedia. Public Domain.Musik: Claudio Monteverdi - Vespro della Beata Vergine (1610) - Antifona "Deus in adiutorium" Framförd av: Cantica Symphonia, dir. G. Maletto Liveinspelning, Kyrkan San Filippo, Turin i Italeien 3 oktober 2000. Wikimedia Common, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0Lyssna på Karl XII – okända sidor hos en välkänd kung.Klippare: Emanuel Lehtonen Vill du stödja podden och samtidigt höra ännu mer av Historia Nu? Gå med i vårt gille genom att klicka här: https://plus.acast.com/s/historianu-med-urban-lindstedt. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

I vårt mest mellansvenska avsnitt hittills går vi – på vår arbetsgivare Anton Björssons begäran – igenom Västmanlands regemente. Eller snarare dess historia. Du fattar.Per får av naturliga/geografiska skäl ta sig an detta ämne; någonting han gör med entusiasm. Inte minst lyckas han göra Poltava till en moralisk seger, vilket är på tiden. Mattis roll är den här gången att berätta om sina minnen från en av Skaras körskolor.Stort tack till Anton! Det här är hans personliga expressavsnitt.Vill du också ha ett personligt expressavsnitt? Bli då vår patreon på tier Gustav II Adolfs livvaktsstyrka. Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Slaget vid Poltava den 28 juni 1709 uppfattas av många som slutet på den svenska stormaktstiden. Den svenska fältarmén krossades vid det katastrofala svenska nederlaget vid Poltava.Karl XII:s ryska fälttåg har starka kopplingar till det dagsaktuella kriget i Ukraina. Nederlaget i slaget innebar inte att den svenska fältarmén krossades, utan även slutet för en period av vad man skulle kunna kalla ukrainsk autonomi i skepnaden av Mazepas hetmannafurstendöme. Det förflutna möter det förgångna på ett påtagligt sätt.I detta avsnitt av Militärhistoriepodden diskuterar Martin Hårdstedt och Peter Bennesved ett av de klassiska nederlagen i den svenska militära världshistorien.Slaget vid Poltava har intresserat och fascinerat många generationer av forskare och skribenter. Inte minst Peter Englunds skildring från 1988 har lästs av många som gripits starkt av dramatiken och brutaliteten i slaget. En hel armé gick under på bara några dagar. I själva slaget den 28 juni stupade eller tillfångatogs omkring 10 000 svenska soldater och de övriga kapitulerade några dagar senare vid Perevolotjna. Karl XII:s alla visioner om att kunna upprepa triumfen från Narva nio år tidigare krossades brutalt i Ukraina.Men slaget satte inte bara punkt för Karl XII:s försök att besegra Peter den stores ryska imperium utan med i fallet drogs även hetmannen Mazepa och drömmen om en ukrainsk autonomi. I avsnittet kopplas Karl XII:s fälttåg mot Ryssland 1708-09 till nutidens krig i Ukraina. Det finns otaliga paralleller som går att dra mellan det förflutna och nuet. Historien återupprepar sig själv. Kanske inte exakt men i ny skepnad.Den som vill fördjupa sig mer i Poltavadramtiken kan förutom att läsa Peter Englunds fantastiska bok Poltava (1988) även ta del av Peter Froms bok Katastrofen vid Poltava (2007) men även Gunnar Åselius utmärkta avsnitt i boken Svenska slagfält (2003).Lyssna också på 20 år som krigsfånge i Karl XII:s Sverige och Den Gåtfulle Karl XII:s största misstag.Bild: Slaget vid Poltava. Målning (1727) av Pierre-Denis Martin. Public Domain Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

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C dans l'air du 9 novembre - Guerre en Ukraine : que va faire Trump ?Tous les regards se portent sur l'Ukraine depuis la victoire de Donald Trump à l'élection présidentielle. Les conséquences de son retour à la Maison blanche devraient en effet être grandes. Durant sa campagne, le milliardaire a affirmé que la guerre, avec lui, serait « réglée en 24h ». Trump a notamment menacé de supprimer l'aide financière et militaire de Washington à l'Ukraine. Zelensky a toutefois salué sa victoire tout en espèrant une paix « juste ». Les deux dirigeants et Elon Musk se sont appelés jeudi. Mais la crainte reste de voir Donald Trump forcer l'Ukraine à négocier avec la Russie dans des conditions très favorables à Moscou. De son côté, Vladimir Poutine a finalement félicité Donald Trump alors qu'il n'avait pas prévu de le faire au vu des relations tendues depuis le début de la guerre.En attendant la guerre continue et, en Ukraine, des lycées militaires ouvrent un peu partout le territoire. De nombreux jeunes intègrent ces établissements pour se préparer à la guerre. C dans l'air est allé dans l'un de ces lycées, à Poltava, à l'est du pays.Pendant ce temps, au Moyen-Orient, Benjamin Netanyahou se réjouit du retour de Trump. Le président-élu américain est un allié clé pour Israël et encouragera l'état Hébreu à maintenir la pression sur Gaza et sur le Liban. Les deux dirigeants, qui se sont entretenus cette semaine ont aussi « discuté de la menace iranienne ». Le jour de l'élection américaine, Netanyahou a de surcroît limogé son ministre de la défense pour des raisons politiques, « un calcul millimétré » selon plusieurs commentateurs.Alors, que va faire Trump pour l'Ukraine ? Comment les jeunes Ukrainiens perçoivent-ils la guerre après mille jours de conflit ? Quelles conséquences aura l'élection de Trump dans la situation au Moyen-Orient ?Les experts :Anthony BELLANGER - Éditorialiste à Franceinfo TV, spécialiste des questions internationalesNICOLE BACHARAN - Historienne et politologue, spécialiste des États-Unis, éditorialiste à Ouest FranceISABELLE LASSERRE - Correspondante diplomatique au Figaro, spécialiste des questions de stratégie et de géopolitique TATIANA KASTOUÉVA-JEAN - Directrice du Centre Russie / NEI – IFRI (Institut Français des Relations Internationales)PRÉSENTATION : Caroline Roux - Axel de Tarlé - REDIFFUSION : du lundi au vendredi vers 23h40PRODUCTION DES PODCASTS: Jean-Christophe ThiéfineRÉALISATION : Nicolas Ferraro, Bruno Piney, Franck Broqua, Alexandre Langeard, Corentin Son, Benoît LemoinePRODUCTION : France Télévisions / Maximal ProductionsRetrouvez C DANS L'AIR sur internet & les réseaux :INTERNET : francetv.frFACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/Cdanslairf5TWITTER : https://twitter.com/cdanslairINSTAGRAM : https://www.instagram.com/cdanslair/

Latest news from 08 September 2024, as reported in the Ukrainian media. Easy ways to support us: Subscribe to our Patreon to give monthly support https://www.patreon.com/highlightsfromukraine Send us a one-time 'thank you' tip via PayPal at: highlightsfromukraine@gmail.com Out YouTube channel: https://bit.ly/3oH111z Special thanks to our top Patreon supporters - Helena Pszczolko O'Callaghan, mattg629, krissi, Jared and Dick Warner!

Kate Adie presents stories from Ukraine, Germany, China, Tonga and IndiaUkraine suffered several devastating missile attacks this week on the cities of Poltava and Lviv. Despite the more buoyant mood in the country in recent weeks, following Ukraine's incursion into Kursk, it served as a reminder that the threat is ever-present. Nick Beake has been in PoltavaLast weekend, the far right AFD party - won the most votes in a state election in the east German state of Thuringia and came a close second in the state of Saxony. The AfD were especially popular among young voters. Jessica Parker has spoken to some of them in Thuringia.Several cities across China have been devastated by heavy rainfall this year and a super typhoon there this weekend is yet another warning for China's leaders that the country is vulnerable to extreme weather events because the infrastructure in cities cannot cope with such heavy storms. Laura Bicker has been in Zhengzhou where she heard about a possible solution: sponge cities.Last week, leaders from around the Pacific gathered in the small island nation of Tonga to discuss key issues they are facing. The Pacific Islands Forum is the region's biggest meeting of the year – and topping the list of concerns was climate change. But on the agenda, there were plenty of other topics – and controversies - as Katy Watson found out.And finally, the famine in Bengal in the 1940s led to one of the worst losses of civilian life on the allied side during the second world war. Many Indians see this as one of the enduring legacies of empire. Ant Adeane visited one of the survivors that period in his home in West Bengal.Series Producer: Serena Tarling Editor: Tom Bigwood Production Coordinators: Sophie Hill & Katie Morrison

2024-09-01 | There is no end in sight to the death and suffering that Russian is willing to unleash on Ukraine. In less than a week, 60 people have been killed by Russian strikes on Ukraine. ---------- Russian army strikes on numerous Ukrainian cities have killed dozens of civilians and left hundreds wounded. The single deadliest attack of the war to date was in the city of Poltava in central Ukraine. A Russian missile struck a military educational facility on Tuesday killed 53 people and left more than 270 injured, according to the Ukrainian Emergencies Ministry. Lviv has escaped the kind of destruction experiences by Kharkiv, Kherson and other cities. But on Wednesday the Russian World came to the western Ukrainian city of Lviv. Seven people, including a mother and her three daughters, were killed by Russian shelling and projectiles. More than 50 people were injured, with five adults in a serious condition. One of the most extraordinary and heartbreaking sights was the father of those girls, being helped from the burning building by rescuers. His face caked with dried blood, he is taken to one side, to await news of his family. He receives the worst news and his grief is palpable. How do you recover from that? What life awaits you, after losing all your bright and beautiful family in one go. What hope remains after Russian terrorism destroys your world, for no reason, out of malice and envy, greed and stupidity? ---------- Sources and recommended reading: https://novayagazeta.eu/articles/2024/09/04/no-end-in-sight-en https://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-war-latest-27/ https://kyivindependent.com/death-toll-of-poltava-attack-rises/ https://kyivindependent.com/as-ukrainian-children-return-to-school-russia-launches-missiles-at-educational-facilities/ https://kyivindependent.com/she-was-the-culture-kharkiv-mourns-18-year-old-artist-killed-in-russian-attack/ https://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/38452 https://kyivindependent.com/lithuanian-fm-west-chose-to-be-caught-off-guard-by-russia/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xc1zRzICjfk https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38459 https://kyivindependent.com/ukraines-deep-drone-strikes-aim-to-break-russias-war-machine-sow-discontent/ https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38440 https://kyivindependent.com/germany-orders-17-iris-t-air-defense-systems-for-ukraine-sholz-says/ ---------- SUPPORT THE CHANNEL: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/siliconcurtain https://www.patreon.com/siliconcurtain ---------- TRUSTED CHARITIES ON THE GROUND: Save Ukraine https://www.saveukraineua.org/ Superhumans - Hospital for war traumas https://superhumans.com/en/ UNBROKEN - Treatment. Prosthesis. Rehabilitation for Ukrainians in Ukraine https://unbroken.org.ua/ Come Back Alive https://savelife.in.ua/en/ Chefs For Ukraine - World Central Kitchen https://wck.org/relief/activation-chefs-for-ukraine UNITED24 - An initiative of President Zelenskyy https://u24.gov.ua/ Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation https://prytulafoundation.org NGO “Herojam Slava” https://heroiamslava.org/ kharpp - Reconstruction project supporting communities in Kharkiv and Przemyśl https://kharpp.com/ NOR DOG Animal Rescue https://www.nor-dog.org/home/ ---------- PLATFORMS: Twitter: https://twitter.com/CurtainSilicon Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/siliconcurtain/ Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/4thRZj6NO7y93zG11JMtqm Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/finkjonathan/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/siliconcurtain ---------- Welcome to the Silicon Curtain podcast. Please like and subscribe if you like the content we produce. It will really help to increase the popularity of our content in YouTube's algorithm. Our material is now being made available on popular podcasting platforms as well, such as Spotify and Apple Podcasts.

The media hype around Ukraine's Kursk offensive is overshadowed by Angelic forces at play. No matter what the media might report, God has a plan for Russia, which will result in its eventual success in taking not only Ukraine but much of Europe. Ukraine is fast bleeding out its resources, and the Russian bear is ready to move in and fulfil its biblical destiny. 

Kriget i Ukraina fortsätter. Den senaste tiden har vi hört om ryska attacker mot Poltava och hur Ukrainas motoffensiv i Kursk försvagar dem på andra håll. Experter menar att tanken med offensiven var att lätta på trycket på andra håll i Ukraina, som i Donetsk. Men Ryssland nappade inte på betet. Samtidigt så har Ukrainas president Volodymyr Zelenskyj gjort sig av med flera ministrar i sin regering. Enligt officiella uppgifter ska ministrarna ha lämnat frivilligt och president Zelenskyj har sagt att regeringen behöver ny energi. Kriget har pågått i över 2,5 år och nu befarar man att stödet till Ukraina kommer minska, att det finns en trötthet i att stötta landet. Hur går det med Ukrainas offensiv? Hur är det med stödet från väst och vilka risker finns den närmaste tiden? Gäst: Niclas Vent, reporter på Aftonbladet. Programledare och producent: Jenny Ågren. Klipp från: BBC News, DW News. Kontakt: podcast@aftonbladet.se.

On Tuesday, two Russian ballistic missiles hit a military institute and a hospital in Poltava, Ukraine, killing 51 and injuring 271, according to Ukrainian officials. The attack was the deadliest strike on Ukraine this year. On Wednesday, another Russian strike in Lviv killed seven civilians. Russia's latest attacks follow a Ukrainian ground incursion into Russia. On August 6, Ukrainian troops entered Kursk, a Russian region north of Ukraine. Four weeks later, Ukraine still maintains a ground presence in Kursk as well as control of about 500 square miles and 100 settlements.You can read today's podcast⁠ ⁠⁠here⁠⁠⁠, our “Under the Radar” story ⁠here and today's “Have a nice day” story ⁠here⁠.You can watch the entire Tangle Live event at City Winery NYC on our YouTube Channel!Check out Episode 6 of our podcast series, The Undecideds. Please give us a 5-star rating and leave a comment!Today's clickables: Quick hits (2:55), Today's story (4:07), Right's take (8:05), Left's take (10:45), International Writer's (13:02), Isaac's take (15:44), Questions Answered (20:50), Under the Radar (23:34), Numbers (24:18), Have a nice day (25:42)You can subscribe to Tangle by clicking here or drop something in our tip jar by clicking here. Help share Tangle.I'm a firm believer that our politics would be a little bit better if everyone were reading balanced news that allows room for debate, disagreement, and multiple perspectives. If you can take 15 seconds to share Tangle with a few friends I'd really appreciate it. Email Tangle to a friend here, share Tangle on X/Twitter here, or share Tangle on Facebook here.Take the survey: Should the U.S. allow Ukraine to strike deeper into Russia? Let us know!Our podcast is written by Isaac Saul and edited and engineered by Dewey Thomas. Music for the podcast was produced by Diet 75. Our newsletter is edited by Managing Editor Ari Weitzman, Will Kaback, Bailey Saul, Sean Brady, and produced in conjunction with Tangle's social media manager Magdalena Bokowa, who also created our logo. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Tercer Milenio 360 Internacional - 04/09/24 Un ataque con misiles rusos a la ciudad de Poltava en Ucrania deja al menos 50 muertos y más de 200 heridos, sin duda, uno de los ataque más mortíferos del ejército ruso. El primer ministro israelí, ha calificado como vergonzoso la decisión del Reino Unido de suspender parcialmente la venta de armas a Israel, mientras que en la Franja de Gaza. Millones de palestinos siguen sufriendo hambrunas y enfermedades. En algunas zonas del desierto del Sahara se registran precipitaciones 5 veces superiores a las habituales en agosto y septiembre. Una entidad es registrada en una cámara de seguridad en México. Se registra nuevamente un objeto con forma de disco, con luces verdes en el cielo del territorio ucraniano.

En ukrainsk drönarvåg in över Ryssland beskrivs som en av de största attackerna under kriget. Bara 17 km från ryska maktens epicentrum Kreml, attackerar Ukraina Moskvas oljeraffinaderi. Lyssna på alla avsnitt i Sveriges Radio Play. Ryska raffinaderier och oljeterminaler angrips för att försvåra Kremls angrepp. Dessutom går Ukraina ut med nya vapentyper och presenterar en överljudsrobot.I Svarta Havet sänker Ukraina ett av de ryska fartyg som används för att frakta militärt materiel till ockuperade Krim.Men i Ukrainska staden Poltava attackerar Ryssland en militäranläggning och beskrivs som en av de dödligaste attackerna hittills.Hör korrespondent Lubna El-Shanti på plats i Ukraina, Joakim Paasikivi, militärexpert, radions Rysslandskorrespondent Maria Persson Löfgren.Manus: Programledare Fredrik Wadström och producent Marina Nilsson Malmström.

Oekraïne staat zwaar onder druk bij de stad Pokrovsk. En dat terwijl de Russische raketten blijven neerdalen: in de stad Poltava kwamen daarbij 51 mensen om het leven. Zelensky heeft een plan voor de overwinning, dat hij nog deze maand hoopt te presenteren aan Biden, Harris en Trump.In Israël klinkt de roep om een deal te sluiten met Hamas, om zo de gijzelaars vrij te krijgen, steeds luider - zeker nu het Israëlische leger in de Gazastrook de lichamen heeft gevonden van zes Israelische gijzelaars. De Amerikaanse regering werkt aan een laatste en definitief bestand in Gaza, maar Netanyahu ligt dwars. Dat en meer bespreekt Jos de Groot, met generaals buiten dienst Peter van Uhm en Mart de Kruif. Je luistert naar Veldheren.Nieuwsgierig naar het boek? Je bestelt ‘m hier: https://www.awbruna.nl/boek/non-fictie/jos-de-groot/veldheren/?srsltid=AfmBOoqpHE48p8N0Fl2MJFzy1xe-rUmDyoqAUeUjr-OIslAo5Nq8IG1E#bestellen Luister je graag naar Veldheren? Kom dan ook vooral naar onze theatertour: -11 Sep 24Theater De Lievekamp in Oss-4 Okt 24Theater Schouwburg in HengeloVerwacht een militair college van Peter en Mart, vragen uit de zaal en bovenal: een inspirerende avond. Kaarten zijn nu te koop via de websites van de theaters op kijk op cortimedia.nl/live. Hopelijk zien we je daar! Wil je meer Veldheren? Meld je dan aan op vriendvandeshow.nl/veldheren. Daar beantwoorden Peter en Mart meer luisteraarsvragen. Zie het privacybeleid op https://art19.com/privacy en de privacyverklaring van Californië op https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Dos años y medio después del inicio de la guerra en Ucrania, todo apunta a que la confrontación está lejos de terminar. El Ejército ucraniano mantiene una inédita incursión en la región rusa de Kursk y, aunque afirma que avanza según lo planeado, Rusia sostiene que su rival fracasó en el plan de frenarlo en el Donbass. El presidente Vladimir Putin sostiene incluso que sus tropas están conquistando cada vez más kilómetros cuadrados de suelo ucraniano y Moscú ha arreciado su ofensiva. Bajo este panorama, el presidente Vladímir Zelenski renovó radicalmente su gabinete. ¿Qué depara este panorama para la guerra? Lo analizamos en El Debate. En un contexto inédito de la guerra en Ucrania, tras una amplia e inesperada incursión de Kiev en territorio ruso y con ataques masivos constantes y cada vez más mortíferos de Moscú, vienen más cambios. Pero, los giros no son solo militares.Kiev ha emprendido un radical cambio de Gobierno, con la dimisión de varios ministros, incluido el jefe de la diplomacia ucraniana Dmytro Kuleba, mientras Rusia sigue azotando varias ciudades de Ucrania con embestidas mortales.Con ese trasfondo, el presidente ucraniano Volodímir Zelenski se decidió a iniciar la mayor remodelación de su gabinete desde que inició la invasión de Moscú  y lo justificó como una vía para “fortalecer el Estado”.Necesitamos nueva energía hoy, y estos pasos están relacionados solo con el fortalecimiento de nuestro Estado en diferentes direcciones", sostuvo el mandatario ucraniano.El movimiento tiene lugar justo después de que Ucrania sufriera uno de los ataques rusos más mortíferos en lo que va de la guerra: al menos 51 personas murieron y más de 200 resultaron heridas en un ataque ruso con misiles contra la ciudad de Poltava, en el este de Ucrania, que destruyó parcialmente un instituto militar.Leer tambiénOleksandr Slyvchuk: 'Remezón ministerial no afectará la guerra porque Rusia no quiere negociar'¿Qué busca Ucrania con sus cambios de gobierno? ¿Qué está pasando en el frente de guerra? Para analizar el tema, participan en El Debate dos invitados.- Lila Roldán Vázquez, secretaria general y directora de Asuntos Euroasiáticos en el Consejo Argentino para las Relaciones Internacionales y exembajadora argentina en Ucrania.-Miguel Rudenko, profesor de idioma ruso y analista político internacional, graduado de la Universidad de Kiev.

A new poll from ABC News/Ipsos adds more evidence to reports of a growing gender divide among voters heading into the November election. It shows Vice President Kamala Harris has a 13-point advantage among women voters, while former President Donald Trump is leading by 5 points with men. The poll also showed white women have made one of the biggest political shifts in the last few weeks, with Trump dropping from a 13-point advantage before the Democratic National Convention to a 2-point advantage after. Vox Senior Correspondent Zack Beauchamp looks at whether there's evidence to support a widening political gender divide and what could be driving it.And in headlines: A federal judge denied Trump's request to delay his criminal sentencing in his New York hush-money case, more than 50 people died, and 200 more were injured in Ukraine after Russian missiles struck the central city of Poltava and A former staffer for New York Govs. Kathy Hochul and Andrew Cuomo was arrested on charges of acting as an unregistered agent of the Chinese government.Show Notes:Check out Zack's stories – www.vox.com/authors/zack-beauchampSubscribe to the What A Day Newsletter – https://tinyurl.com/3kk4nyz8What A Day – YouTube – https://www.youtube.com/@whatadaypodcastFollow us on Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/crookedmedia/For a transcript of this episode, please visit crooked.com/whataday

President Zelensky says Russia will be held accountable for a deadly missile attack in Poltava. Also: Prague honours the man who saved Jewish children from the Nazis, and NY governor's ex-aide charged as Chinese agent.

U.S. charges Hamas leaders with terrorism, Russian missile strike kills more than 50 people and wounds over 200 in Ukrainian city of Poltava, and 87-year-old crossing guard hands out ice cream to kids during heat wave.

A Russian missile attack killed more than 50 people and injured more than 219 in Poltava, a city in central Ukraine.

The horrific missile strikes that devastated Poltava, Ukraine on Tuesday have once again highlighted the immense human toll of the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. As emergency responders and volunteers grapple with the aftermath, this tragic event raises critical questions about the nature of modern warfare, the vulnerability of civilian populations, and Ukraine's continued fight for survival. Compounding this tragedy, reports indicate Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky is now orchestrating a major shakeup of his cabinet, further highlighting the complex and rapidly evolving nature of this conflict. Mark Toth shares the latest.

A un mese dall'inizio dell'operazione a sorpresa di Kiev nella regione russa di Kursk, Mosca moltiplica gli attacchi alle città ucraine. Si apre oggi a Pechino il forum sulla cooperazione sino-africana, un evento chiave per i rapporti tra la Cina e i paesi dell'Africa, a cui partecipano i leader di quasi tutti i paesi del continente.CONDavide Maria De Luca, giornalista che vive a KievIlaria Maria Sala, giornalista, da Hong KongArticolo: Verde ma non troppo di Thomas Fischermann, https://www.internazionale.it/magazine/thomas-fischermann/2024/08/29/verde-ma-non-troppoDisco: The rise and fall of a midwest princess di Chappel RoanSe ascolti questo podcast e ti piace, abbonati a Internazionale. È un modo concreto per sostenerci e per aiutarci a garantire ogni giorno un'informazione di qualità. Vai su internazionale.it/podcastScrivi a podcast@internazionale.it o manda un vocale a +39 3347063050Consulenza editoriale di Chiara Nielsen.Produzione di Claudio Balboni e Vincenzo De Simone.Musiche di Tommaso Colliva e Raffaele Scogna.Direzione creativa di Jonathan Zenti.

Morse code transcription: vvv vvv Elton John left with limited vision in one eye after infection Putin welcomed in Mongolia despite ICC arrest warrant Boy, 11, fatally shoots US former mayor and daughter Swedens Queen of Trash on trial for dumping mountains of waste US charges Hamas leadership over 7 October attack on Israel Ex aide to New York governor Kathy Hochul charged as Chinese agent Beslan The school hostage massacre that exposed Putins weakness China hits back at Canada EV tariffs with canola probe Pinnacle Man Body found frozen in US cave 47 years ago finally identified Ukraine says soldiers among 51 killed in Poltava missile attack

*) More polio vaccines arrive in Gaza: Palestinian Health Ministry A new shipment of polio vaccines totalling 350,000 doses has arrived in Gaza, according to the Palestinian Ministry of Health. It came as the vaccination campaign in the enclave continued amid a devastating Israeli war. The second batch of vaccines brings the total number of doses received by Gaza to around 1.6 million. *) US says 'time to finalise' Gaza truce deal as protests continue in Israel The United States has called for urgency and flexibility to finalise an agreement between Israel and Hamas for a truce in Gaza. State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller told reporters the United States will work "over the coming days" with mediators Egypt and Qatar "to push for a final agreement." The deaths of six hostages in besieged Gaza has sparked massive protests in Israel and a general strike against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. *) Dozens killed, scores wounded in Russian strike on Ukraine's Poltava: Kiev Two ballistic missiles have blasted a military training facility and a nearby hospital in Ukraine. At least 50 people were killed and more than 200 others wounded, according to Ukrainian officials. It was one of the deadliest Russian strikes since the war began. The strike hit the central-eastern city of Poltava, partially destroying a building used by the region's Military Institute of Communications. *) Lebanon's ex-central bank head arrested for alleged embezzlement: official Lebanon's former central bank governor Riad Salameh has been arrested over alleged embezzlement, a judicial official said. The public prosecutor "arrested Salameh after questioning him for three hours on suspicions of embezzlement from the central bank exceeding $40 million". It is the first time Salameh has appeared before Lebanon's judiciary since he left his post of 30 years at the end of July last year without a successor. And finally…. *) ‘Game of Thrones' props are up for auction After watching eight seasons of the epic saga “Game of Thrones,” fans can now purchase prized memorabilia from the HBO series. They can bid on a slew of costumes, props, set pieces and memorabilia from the hit show that ended in 2019 — including a melted version of the coveted Iron Throne. More than 2,000 items, distributed across 900 lots, will be on the auction block in October through Heritage Auctions.

A further 271 people were injured, as Moscow launched two ballistic missiles, at a military institute in the Ukrainian town of Poltava.

Desde las cuatro de la mañana de ayer, estudiantes universitarios de Derecho y trabajadores del Poder Judicial, comenzaron un bloqueo en los alrededores de San Lázaro para evitar la llegada de los legisladores y, así, el inicio a la discusión de la reforma judicial, obligando a la Cámara de Diputados a cambiar de sede para abordar el proyecto. Terminó el verano pero comenzó con todo la campaña presidencial en Estados Unidos de cara a las elecciones del 5 de noviembre. Kamala Harris lleva la delantera según diversas encuestas, en una campaña de solo seis semanas. Además… Un ataque ruso contra la ciudad ucraniana de Poltava mató a al menos a 51 personas; Vladimir Putin se paseó por Mongolia como si no tuviera una orden de arresto emitida por la Corte Penal Internacional; Y BYD podría poner en pausa sus planes de montar una planta en México.Y para #ElVasoMedioLleno… Los bosques de Noruega se han triplicado en los últimos cien años. Esto tiene grandes beneficios para la humanidad.Para enterarte de más noticias como estas, síguenos en nuestras redes sociales. Estamos en todas las plataformas como @telokwento. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Morse code transcription: vvv vvv Swedens Queen of Trash on trial for dumping mountains of waste US charges Hamas leadership over 7 October attack on Israel Ex aide to New York governor Kathy Hochul charged as Chinese agent China hits back at Canada EV tariffs with canola probe Ukraine says soldiers among 51 killed in Poltava missile attack Elton John left with limited vision in one eye after infection Pinnacle Man Body found frozen in US cave 47 years ago finally identified Putin welcomed in Mongolia despite ICC arrest warrant Beslan The school hostage massacre that exposed Putins weakness Boy, 11, fatally shoots US former mayor and daughter

The Smart 7 is an award winning daily podcast that gives you everything you need to know in 7 minutes, at 7 am, 7 days a week…With over 16 million downloads and consistently charting, including as No. 1 News Podcast on Spotify, we're a trusted source for people every day and we've won Gold at the Signal International Podcast awardsIf you're enjoying it, please follow, share, or even post a review, it all helps... Today's episode includes the following:https://x.com/i/status/1830929375295910018https://x.com/i/status/1830926508132614605 https://x.com/i/status/1830938066845860108 https://x.com/i/status/1830957710046584864 https://x.com/i/status/1830959206897180946https://x.com/i/status/1830865045309346188 https://x.com/i/status/1830899786473505025https://x.com/i/status/1830974213118627994 https://x.com/i/status/1830969034411581822Contact us over @TheSmart7pod or visit www.thesmart7.comVoiced by Jamie East, using AI, written by Liam Thompson, researched by Lucie Lewis and produced by Daft Doris. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Morse code transcription: vvv vvv Swedens Queen of Trash on trial for dumping mountains of waste Putin welcomed in Mongolia despite ICC arrest warrant Beslan The school hostage massacre that exposed Putins weakness US charges Hamas leadership over 7 October attack on Israel China hits back at Canada EV tariffs with canola probe Boy, 11, fatally shoots US former mayor and daughter Ex aide to New York governor Kathy Hochul charged as Chinese agent Elton John left with limited vision in one eye after infection Ukraine says soldiers among 51 killed in Poltava missile attack Pinnacle Man Body found frozen in US cave 47 years ago finally identified

Los servicios de emergencia siguen buscando cadáveres entre los escombros de una academia militar y un hospital al este de Ucrania, en la ciudad de Poltava, bombardeada por el ejército de Putin. Hay, de momento, 51 muertos y 271 heridos. En España, un grupo numeroso de menores marroquíes han intentado cruzar a Melilla y las autoridades africanas han aumentado el despliegue de seguridad. Y la crónica política se escribe con los nombramientos de Isabel Perelló como nueva presidenta del Poder Judicial y de José Luis Escrivá como gobernador del Banco de España.

Morse code transcription: vvv vvv Putin welcomed in Mongolia despite ICC arrest warrant Boy, 11, fatally shoots US former mayor and daughter China hits back at Canada EV tariffs with canola probe Swedens Queen of Trash on trial for dumping mountains of waste US charges Hamas leadership over 7 October attack on Israel Ukraine says soldiers among 51 killed in Poltava missile attack Ex aide to New York governor Kathy Hochul charged as Chinese agent Beslan The school hostage massacre that exposed Putins weakness Pinnacle Man Body found frozen in US cave 47 years ago finally identified Elton John left with limited vision in one eye after infection

The Justice Department has announced criminal charges against Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar and other militants in connection with the Oct. 7 rampage in Israel. In Ukraine, at least 51 people were killed and more than 230 wounded on Tuesday, when Russia struck a military institute in the central town of Poltava with two missiles. In South Korea, a growing number of women are opting out of having children, and egg-freezing is emerging as a trend that allows women to delay parenthood while keeping their options open for the future.

Day 924Today, we bring you the latest news from Ukraine where a major Russian ballistic missile strike on the city of Poltava kills at least 41 people, we look into more detail at the German elections and analyse reaction to Vladimir Putin's visit to Mongolia. Contributors:David Knowles (Journalist). @djknowles22 on X.Dominic Nicholls (Associate Editor, Defence). @DomNicholls on X.Francis Dearnley (Assistant Comment Editor). @FrancisDearnley on X.With thanks to James Crisp (Europe Editor). @JamesCrisp6 on X.Articles Referenced:Putin, cash and guns prompt ‘explosive' rethink of Swiss neutrality (POLITICO):https://www.politico.eu/article/switzerland-military-neutrality-defense-arms-sales-war-in-ukraine-vladimir-putin/The End of the Zeitenwende (Dr Benjamin Tallis):https://dgap.org/en/research/publications/end-zeitenwendePeter Reddaway, Soviet scholar, obituary (Telegraph):https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2024/08/18/peter-reddaway-soviet-studies-dissidents-died-obituary/Free Telegraph Subscription for Students. Enjoy free access to The Telegraph with your university student email address: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/studentsubSubscribe to The Telegraph: telegraph.co.uk/ukrainethelatestEmail: ukrainepod@telegraph.co.uk Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

President Zelensky says 2 Russian missiles struck a military training institute and a hospital in the central Ukrainian city, the worst single attack on a city this year.Also on the programme: An attempt by inmates to break out of a high-security prison in the Democratic Republic of Congo has led to the deaths of 129 people; and the Prague street named after Sir Nicholas Winton, the British man who saved hundreds of Jewish children from the Holocaust.(Photo: An image of a damaged building in Poltava.)

Ukraine is reeling after one of the deadliest Russian strikes since the war began more than two and a half years ago. Authorities say two missiles hit a military academy and a hospital in the town of Poltava, killing at least 50 people and injuring hundreds more. Nick Schifrin reports. PBS News is supported by - https://www.pbs.org/newshour/about/funders

A Russian missile strike has killed dozens of people in the Ukrainian city of Poltava. Hundreds more are reported to have been wounded in what Ukraine's Ministry of Defence has called a "barbaric attack". We have the latest updates and analysis as the story unfolds.Today's episode is presented by Victoria Derbyshire and Vitaly Shevchenko. The producers were Clare Williamson, Cordelia Hemming and Ivana Davidovic. The technical producer was Jack Graysmark. The series producer is Tim Walklate. The senior news editor is Richard Fenton-Smith.Email Ukrainecast@bbc.co.uk with your questions and comments. You can also send us a message or voice note via WhatsApp, Signal or Telegram to +44 330 1239480You can join the Ukrainecast discussion on Newscast's Discord server here: tinyurl.com/ukrainecastdiscord

Your daily news in under three minutes.   Connect with us: @AJEPodcasts on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Threads and YouTube

Ukraine is reeling after one of the deadliest Russian strikes since the war began more than two and a half years ago. Authorities say two missiles hit a military academy and a hospital in the town of Poltava, killing at least 50 people and injuring hundreds more. Nick Schifrin reports. PBS News is supported by - https://www.pbs.org/newshour/about/funders

AP correspondent Charles de Ledesma reports Ukraine's president says Russian strikes have killed dozens and wounded many more.

Sigue en aumento el nivel del Sistema Cutzamala, ya alcanza el 45.66% Detienen al “Bola Treviño” segundo al mando del Cártel del Noreste 51 muertos y 200 heridos deja bombardeo ruso en Poltava, Ucrania 

durée : 00:03:35 - Le monde à 18h50 - par : Franck MATHEVON - En Ukraine, une frappe russe a fait au moins 49 morts ce mardi 3 septembre à Poltava. La Russie intensifie ses attaques depuis une dizaine de jours. Elle continue par ailleurs à progresser dans le Donbass. L'offensive ukrainienne à Koursk n'a pas conduit à un redéploiement massif des troupes russes.

Mông Cổ trang trọng chào đón ông Putin bất chấp trát bắt của ICC; Tên lửa Nga giết chết 41 người ở thành phố Poltava; Ông Netanyahu kháng cự áp lực về Gaza và con tin; Tòa án Venezuela ra trát bắt thủ lĩnh phe đối lập Gonzalez; Nghiên cứu cho thấy Trung Quốc gây ảnh hưởng cử tri Mỹ trên mạng

Oggi il ministro Sangiuliano ha avuto un colloquio con la Presidente del Consiglio Meloni per chiarire il ruolo di Maria Rosaria Boccia. Ne parliamo con Barbara Fiammeri, commentatrice politica de Il Sole 24 Ore.Parliamo poi di Ucraina, dove due missili balistici russi hanno colpito una scuola militare a Poltava. Con noi Maurizio Fioravanti, Generale di divisione, già Comandante delle forze speciali italiane (Comando interforze per le Operazioni delle Forze Speciali).In chiusura di puntata andiamo prima a Venezia, dove si sta tenendo il Festival del Cinema, dalla nostra inviata Marta Cagnola e torniamo poi a Parigi da Mario Nicoliello per il racconto di questa giornata delle Paralimpiadi.

Direktsänt aktuellt magasin. Lyssna på alla avsnitt i Sveriges Radio Play. Dödligaste katastrofen hittills i år på död Engelska kanalen. Skatten för mikrobryggerier sänks. Dödlig attack mot Poltava i Ukraina. Rättegången mot Think Pink igång. Flygskatten sänks. Med mera.

När Karl XII befann sig i Bender i nuvarande Moldavien skickade han iväg tre forskningsexpeditioner som skulle undersöka fornfynd i de bibliska länderna där Egypten och pyramiderna ingick.Orientalisten och prästen Michael Eneman, som varit med Karl XII vid Poltava, ingick i den andra karolinska egyptiska expedition under åren 1711-12. Eneman närmade sig pyramiderna i Giza som en praktisk vetenskapsman som mätte stenar och kröp in i pyramiderna.I denna nymixade repris av podden Historia Nu samtalar programledaren Urban Lindstedt med Joachim Östlund, docent i historia vid Lunds universitet.För svenska bönder på 1600-talet var Egypten och historierna om Josef och Moses i allra högsta grad levande. I bibeln nämns aldrig pyramiderna uttryckligen, även om det talas om stora byggnader. Svenska vetenskapsmän började att intressera sig för pyramiderna redan på 1600-talet, men de utformades mer som stora ladugårdar än pyramider – ingen hade ju sett dem. Senare avbildas de både som spetsigare och ibland flackare än de är i verkligheten.Michael Enemans resa 1711-12 gick till Grekland, Konstantinopel, Israel, Arabien och Egypten där kanske Jerusalem var höjdpunkten för Eneman som skrivit två avhandlar om Kristi grav. När senare Michel Eneman återvände till Moldavien var Karl XII så intresserad att Eneman fick berätta om sin resa och sina upptäcker en timme per dag under två månader.Intresset för Egypten utmynnade också en omfattande internationell handel med mumier. Varav flera också hamnade i Sverige. Malda mumier såldes som ett universalläkemedel som kunde bota det mesta.Bild: Pyramider i Giza från 1735 av J Clark.Musik: Pyramids med Marcus Bressler, Soundblock Audio. Vill du stödja podden och samtidigt höra ännu mer av Historia Nu? Gå med i vårt gille genom att klicka här: https://plus.acast.com/s/historianu-med-urban-lindstedt. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Alas! the biography of Lysenko. Born in a small village which centuries ago unintentionally saw the historical defeat of Swedish Karolinian imperialism at Poltava. From the backwaters of the Ukraine to the hallways of big decisions in Leningrad and Moscow. His techniques and methods revealed as they are remembered by those who met him and lived well-fed under the benefits of his agro-ecological policies. We will begin our story with a theatre play, reasons for which will eventually become apparent as we begin to see the fingerprints of a conspiracy within the life sciences, lost in time. So fill up your kerosene lamps as I take you through old and forgotten pipelines of Soviet exiles. Originally built by the Rockefellers and maintained by senatorial help of contemporary Washingtonian presidents. Hell bent on eradicating the scientific opposition to their genetico-ontological project. We will also begin to familiarise ourselves with Lysenko's domestic enemies, the briefly aforementioned Koltsov-Serebrovsky eugenic clan, the Weismanists, the experimental techs of the Fruit Fly Mafia. Make no mistake about it their listener, in their view we are not the historical subject-object evolved to revolt but rather "biochemical puppets" all watched over by a pax-Americana of Loving Grace.

Last time we spoke about the battle of Liaoyang. Kuropatkin yet again was forced to fight a battle he did not want to fight. The Russians had just suffered a string of defeats, gradually being pushed further and further north in Manchuria. While Kuropatkin would have liked to pull back and await more reinforcements, Alexeiev sought action. Despite the circumstances, the 3 layered defenses of Liaoyang were formidable, and better yet, the Russians outnumbered the Japanese. Yet Kuropatkin's intelligence was flawed and under the belief he was outnumbered he acted in such a way that would cause his defeat at the hands of Oyama. Three Japanese divisions worked together to seize key features allowing for the collapse of each Russian defensive layer. Once the Japanese artillery began battering Liaoyang and her railway station it was all but over. Now Kuropatkin's forces are withdrawing to Mukden and the prize of Port Arthur was for the taking.   #80 The Russo-Japanese War part 7: Nogi's Siege of Port Arthur   Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. We just left off with Oyama and his 3 divisions defeating Kuropatkin at Liaoyang, sending the Russians fleeing towards Mukden. Yet while that story was occurring, an entire other battle, a crucial one at that, was occurring at Port Arthur. The last time we spoke about the Liaodong Peninsula, General Maresuke Nogi received the appointment of commander for the 3rd IJA. Nogi's appointment was a bit of a shock for the other commanders, he had been brought out of three years of retirement for the job. He had played a part in the capture of Port Arthur back in the war of 1894, a battle that cost only 16 of his soldiers. The fight for Port Arthur in 1904 would cost much more than that. Port Arthur had three lines of defense. The old part of the town was surrounded on the landward side by a great ditch. 4000 yards from the town was the old Chinese Wall, strengthened by new forts on multiple parts of it. Northwest and northeast of Port Arthur were a series of fortified hills, such as 203 Meter Hill which overlooked the town and harbor. If this hill was captured, the Japanese could place artillery upon it and destroy the Russian fleet at anchor. This fact was not lost on the Russians, especially not Viceroy admiral Alexeiv who sent a message to Admiral Witgeft on August 7th of 1904  ‘I again reiterate my inflexible determination that you are to take the Squadron out of Port Arthur.' And so again Witgeft would again try to flee Port Arthur to hook up with the Vladivostok squadron. The fleet departed on August 10th, with the Peresvyet and Retvizan still damaged from shellfire, Retvizan was carrying 400 tons of water through a hole below her waterline. A subordinate pointing out to Witgeft the damaged ships would slow the fleet down, but he replied ‘My orders, are to go to Vladivostok with the whole Squadron, and that I shall do.' Patrolling Round Island was Admiral Togo's main battle fleet, with 3 Japanese divisions of 11 cruisers, 17 destroyers and 29 torpedoboats to the east and west of Port Arthur. The Russian fleet were crawling at a snail's pace and Togo was quick to pounce on such a wounded animal. Just before 12:30pm the Japanese began opening fire at 8000 yards. Togo attempted crossing the Russians T and by 1pm both fleets were opposite courses at a range of 10,000 yards. The Russians kept charging in the direction of Vladivostok as the Japanese sped after them cautiously trying not to receive terrible hits. At 4pm the Poltava began to slow down causing the rest of the fleet to also. Mikasa sped on, but was nearly stopped dead by a salvo of 12 inch shells from Poltava. The Japanese began to concentrate fire on Poltava as the Peresvyet landed hits upon Mikasa, Shikishima and Asahi. It looked as if the Russians might have brought doom to Togo. Then at 5:45pm luck hit the Japanese. 2 12 inch shells hit Tsarevitch breaking down her foremast and one smash her conning tower right where admiral Witgeft was standing. All that remained of the admiral was part of his leg, the rest of his staff were blown to pieces. War correspondent Richmond Smith wrote ‘The steel roof of the tower was driven against the man at the wheel, and he was killed and jammed flat against the post with the helm hard over. The roof of the conning tower had to be cut away before the corpse could be cut away and the steering gear liberated.' The Sevastopol and Peresvyet narrowly avoided running into Tsarevitch. Then the transfer of command signal was hoisted above the flagship, Prince Ukhtomski aboard Peresvyet hoisted his signal ordered the fleet to follow him. The Russians turned around to flee back to Port Arthur. The Japanese continued their chase, but Togo feared losing his precious battleships and elected to send the destroyers to chase the tails of the Russians. Despite their best efforts, not a single Russian ship was sunk, in what became known as the battle of the yellow sea. The morning of August 11th saw 5 battleships, 1 cruiser and 3 destroyers back at harbor. Their sailors, guns and ammunition were taken off the ships and allocated to the land defenses. Not all the ships returned to Port Arthur however. Tsarevitch had been hit by 15 12 inch shells, her funnels were drained of fuel, she had burnt 480 tons of coal in just 24 hours. She was escorted by 3 destroyers to the German port of Kiaochou where she would be interned for the rest of the war. Diana coaled up at Kiaochou and would sail for Saigon where she was interned. Askold departed for Shanghai, hoping to repair herself quickly and make a break for it, but the Japanese sent piquet ships to watch her. The crews of Askold were thus forced to be interned. Ryeshitelni tried to make a break for it, but the Japanese hunted her down and managed to board her. She was renamed Akatsuki and would join the IJN combined fleet. Only the Novik would have a chance to fight again. Captain Mikhail von Schultz intended to take Novik to Kiachou to coal up before making a dash east of Japan to Vladivostok. Diana and Grozovoi declined following such a dangerous action, so Novik went it alone, departing Kiaochou on August 12th. Early on August 14th a Japanese merchant ship sighted Novik passing Yakushima and reported it to the IJN command. Captains Sento Takenaka and Takagi Sukeichi aboard Tsushima and Chitose received orders to hunt her down, both proceeding north through the Sea of Japan. Both ships met up on August 18th at Hakodate whereupon they received orders to patrol the western side of the Tsugaru strait.  The IJN believed the Novik intended to pass through La Perouse Strait to coal at Korsakov before heading for Vladivostok. Chitose and Tsushima independently searched the strait finding no sign of the Novik. Tsushima headed for Korsakov and at 4pm on the 20th observed smoke rising from the harbor. Schultz was alerted of the Tsushima and made a break for it heading south and by 4:30 Tsushima was opening fire upon her. Novik returned fire, but the Tsushima was more heavily armed and scored multiple hits. Novik took 5 hits below her waterline and one knocked out her boilers. Novik turned back for Korsakov and at 5:40 scored a hit on Tsushima below the waterline flooding two compartments. Tsushima began to list so heavily she was forced to abandon the hunt and make emergency repairs. As Tsushima repaired herself, Chitose rushed to the scene and during the night of the 20th both IJN cruisers watched the Novik anchored at Korsakov harbor, waiting for her to depart. Novik's steering gear was damaged beyond repair, so Schultz ordered her to be scuttled in the shallow harbor water. At dawn on the 21st, Chitose entered the harbor to find the abandoned Novik sunk on a sandbank. Chitose closed in at 4400 yards and opened fire scoring 20 hits as the Russian crew on land withdrew. On August 13th the Vladivostok squadron was given orders to try and support Port Arthur's trapped fleet so they set out to do so. The Rossiya, Gromoboi and Rurik were sailing when on August 14th they were intercepted by 4 IJN cruisers led by Admiral Kamimura. In the battle, Rurik sunk and Rossiya and Gromoboi barely made it back to Vladivostok. Port Arthur was now on her own. Lt General Stoessel's entire Siberian corps were withdrawn from the Kwantung Peninsula into the grand fortress of Port Arthur, under the command of Lt General Smirnov. Realizing there might arise problems with two competing commanders, Kuropatkin had sent orders back on July 3rd making Stoessel the superior officer, while Smirnov would focus on the command of the fortress itself. Stoessel had two divisional commanders who would be important during the siege. Our old cowardly friend Lt Fok and the much more competent and popular might I add, Kondratenko. Thus the chain of command was overall commander Stoessel, commander of the fort Smirnov and commander of the land forces Kondratenko. Major General Byeli commanded the artillery and to make matters more confusing, the units of the Russian navy would be under Stoessel. Nogi had acquired the giant 4.7 inch land based artillery pieces that would begin bombarding Port Arthur on August 7th. The IJN also added their guns to the bombardment as Nogi's army would begin to clear the hills northeast of the city, such as the 600 foot tall Takushan and smaller Hsiaokushan, known also as Big Orphan and Little Orphan Hills. Both hills were not heavily defended, only having a garrison of 3 battalions and some supporting fire from the eastern forts, but they were quite steep and held mutually supporting promontories with only the southern slopes providing decent access to their peaks. In front of them ran the Ta River and from the Japanese point of view there lay half a mile of absolutely open ground between them and the hills. If the Japanese could seize them, this would provide a strategic anchor, as explained by one of Nogi's divisional commanders “The Great and Little Orphans may be likened to the meat between the ribs of a chicken, which is hard to get and yet we are reluctant to throw it away. As long as these hills are left in the enemy's hands, we are sure to be overlooked and shot from them, even though after we have taken them ourselves, we cannot help becoming a target for the enemy.” If you look at a map, basically the hills were a major hindrance to any Japanese movement to other locations, they simply had to be seized. At 7:30pm on August 7th, the Japanese infantry began their attack from the northeast and northwest. The artillery had been smashing the hills since 4:30pm. It was a rainy and dark night as the men advanced under artillery support, and the Ta River would drown many. The Japanese were forced to dig in at the foot of the hills and await daylight. At dawn the artillery commenced again as the infantry surged forward without much success. By midday a Russian flotilla led by the Novik hired upon the southern slopes. The Russian fleets guns were firing from Takhe Bay and they outranged the Japanese field artillery. To make matters worse the minefields were keeping the IJN ships at a distance. 3 inch howitzers were detached to the east coast hills and began to counter fire, forcing the Russian flotilla away and allowing the Japanese to resume their advance.  Now the Japanese artillery enjoyed supremacy as shrapnel poured upon the Russian gun crews. Gradually the Russians were forced from their trenches making a withdrawal during the night heading down the reverse slopes. The two orphan hills cost the Japanese 1280 casualties, a mere appetizer of what was to be the main course. The IJA forces were greatly upset by how easily the Russian navy was able to come over and shoot upon them. Thus the IJN brought up 4 12 pounder guns to make sure the Russian ships would not harass the land forces anymore. On the 13th the Japanese lifted a balloon above the Wolf Hills to provide photo reconnaissance. The Russians meanwhile had no balloons, nor pigeons or wireless telegraphy. It seems the reconnaissance did nothing to dissuade Nogi from performing a frontal assault aimed at hitting the heart of the Russian eastern position, these were the Wantai heights. Nogi deployed the 1st division on the right, the 9th division in the center and the 11th division on the left. Between Wantai and the city was a large ravine and Nogi believed if they breached Wantai, the flanking forts would fall easily leaving a path to seize the town.  Nogi devised a feint to create the illusion they were performing the exact same attack upon Port Arthur that was done in 1894. This also was done to protect his right flank for the frontal assault in the west. The 1st division was given the task of capturing 180 meter hill as a preliminary for the capture of 203 meter hill. It was hoped the preliminary operation in the west would draw away Russian forces from Wantai. At 9pm on the 13th the western advance began. The area of 180 and 203 meter hill was under the command of Tretyakov, who was under the command of General Kondratenko. Here were the 5th and 13th east siberians, reinforced with 2 companies of sailors. The Russians made an egregious error, they placed their artillery upon the crests of the hills, something their comrades further east in Manchuria had learnt the hard way. With the Russian field artillery basically neutralized, the Japanese crept towards the features losing a few hundred in the process. Yet it would not be the creeping Japanese infantry that tore the Russians from their trenches, but rather the Japanese concealed artillery. The Japanese guns first began to smash 174 meter hill. Streams of wounded Russians would go down the hill as fresh reserves were sent up. By midday on the 20th a messenger arrived to Tretyakov and Kondratenko's HQ, he was joined by a visitor, General Fok. The messenger carried a note from the commander upon hill 174. He was requesting a company from the reserves to be dispatched over. General Fok overheard the report, and intervened claiming Tretyakov and Kondratenko lacked experience and should wait before releasing any reserves. Kondratenko, probably insulted agreed to wait a little, but Tretyakov looked up towards the hill with his binoculars and would recalled ‘I noticed three riflemen running away from the hill, and three men without rifles behind them. I drew General Kondratenko's attention to them, and he evidently realised his mistake, for he said to me, “Ah! Now it is too late!”' The trickle of men running turned into a disorderly retreat, as Tretyakov continues ‘A disorderly retreat is always started by one man, and in most cases this man is physically weak … What an enormous influence one man, whether officer or private, can have on the issue of a battle.' Tretyakov and Kondratenko both rode out to try and stop the men from running. A counter attack was launched quickly, but it failed, to make things worse the Japanese had just seized a knoll north east of 180 meter hill. The Japanese paid for this with 1700 casualties, for the Russians it was 1100. On August the 11th the Japanese had sent terms of surrender, on the 16th the Russian military council met and rejected the terms. Stoessel and Smirnov sent a signed response to Nogi on the 17th reading ‘The honour and dignity of Russia do not allow of overtures of any sort being made for a surrender.' On the 19th the Japanese artillery began to systematically hit the eastern defensive forts such as Fort Shungshu and the Chikuan Batter. Countless Russian guns were being destroyed or neutralized. The Waterworks redoubt located north of the railway was attacked by a Japanese company. Out of 108 men, 30 would survive. The Russians launched a counter attack on the 20th and the withdrawing Japanese were caught in the open field by artillery, providing carnage. Simultaneous to the attack on the Waterworks Redoubt, the 9th and 11th divisions began their frontal assaults. The Russian engineers had created nasty surprises for the Japanese. Planks were cut down with nails driven through them, you know that scene from home alone? The Japanese typically wore straw tabi, so this was particularly rough. They also hung telegraph wire all around to make up for a lack of barbed wire, anywhere that could trip an ankle or break the momentum of a charge. Some wire obstacles were attached to power supplies to give the Japanese quite a shock. During the night, magnesium flares, starshells and searchlights illuminated any attempt of the Japanese to sneak an advance. In terms of machine guns, the Russians typically enjoyed a 10 to 1 odds of superiority. Despite the grueling hardship, the Japanese kept the advance moving forward, under the threat of artillery, machine guns, terrible weather and booby traps.  August 21st began with a grotesque scene of Japanese bodies flung over wire all around. The 11th division attempted to leap frog towards the East Panlung fort over a watercourse and were cut to pieces by machine guns. The 9th division reinforced by a brigade was making slow progress. Then a small section of machine guns were knocked out in the East Panlung allowing some of the Japanese to seize forward trenches around the battery. The Russians fired into the trenches from the battery and from the West Panlung battery. The Japanese held on for the lives as reinforcements tried to creep over in 2's and 3's. When Russian riflemen tried to move closer to dislodge the Japanese, the Japanese artillery smashed them causing a bit of a standoff. At midday Japanese officers stood up grabbing the rising sun flag and charged a Russian parapet. All the men that followed them were shot down or bayoneted before the flag could be planted.  The Russians were beginning to severely suffer from the artillery fire. By 4pm a party of sailors came to reinforce the East Panlung, but a Japanese counter attack from a toehold near the parapet stopped them from reaching their destination. Then a Japanese company commander led his men into a watercourse between the East and West Panlung forts. The commander could see the Russian attention was focused on the Eastern Fort, so he led his men against the Western fort. The infantry swarmed up the northeast slopes towards West Panlung suffering few casualties. The fort was set ablaze by 6pm with its occupants ejected, but the Japanese were unable to occupy it because of the inferno. The old chinese wall forts began to fire upon the West Panlung to dissuade the Japanese from claiming it. Meanwhile two battalions of the 7th regiment charged the East Panlung and would seize it at a terrible cost. During the 7th regiments roll call the next day, out of 1800 men, only 200 were present.  With the Panlungs taken, now it was time to seize Wantai. A brigade of the 11th division and 9th division would use the Panlung forts as springboards to hit Wantai on the 24th. Moving up to the Panlung forts was something out of a horror film as described to us by Tadayoshi Sakurai ‘The dead and wounded were piled one upon another in nooks and corners, some groaning with pain, some crying for help, and some perfectly quiet, breathing no longer,'. The infantry moving up had to crawl over their dead and wounded to do so. As both brigades made their way, casualties mounted. Two companies seized the initiative and launched their attack and were cut to pieces by machine guns 500 yards from Wantai. The next day saw the exact same carnage, war correspondent Richmon Smith had this to say of the event “‘It looked as if there was not a single foot of ground which had not its own particular shell, and the whole ridge was enveloped in a thick cloud of smoke and dust from the explosions“ The following night the men began to pull back to the Panlung forts, leaving countless dead strewn in the hundreds over the hillsides. Nogi was at his desk when he received a report indicating he had lost 18,000 men. To just give you an idea, a division is 15,000 men. Such a sacrifice had got him what? Just taking the Orphan Hills had seen 9000 men lost to sickness and wounds. His total casualty list was that of 30,000 all counted. The Panlung forts were hardly a prize as the Japanese were figuring out, Wantai was holding them back without them. Holding the forts caused more casualties as the Russians fired upon them. On the night of August 27th the Russians launched a counter attack against West Panlung that failed, but it did showcase the reality of the situation for the Japanese there. Wantai held a moat nearly 30 feet wide and 25 feet deep, its fortifications were extremely sturdy, it was not going to fall, the idea to seize it and then the city was fallacy.  A new strategy was needed. As Marshal Oyama was about to attack Kuropaktin at Liaoyang, Nogi required more men. 15,000 men led by Major General Teshima were enroute with siege artillery. On September 14th, the first battery of 11 inch howitzers would arrive. These colossal beasts fired 500 lb shells effectively 7700 yards. Nogi also unleashed sappers, who first targeted the Waterworks Redoubt. The Japanese were not experts at sapping as noted by Danish war correspondent Benjamin Wegner Norregaard ‘It was too slow for them, and it was taxing their tenacity and fortitude to a much higher degree than the most desperate attacks in the open. They did not like it, and they did not understand it, and the majority of their officers shared their feelings.' The sappers began from the advance Russian trench lines and made a southerly course towards the redoubt. 650 yards of trench work, requiring tons of earth to be removed from the tunnels. In front of the Panlungs, 2000 yards of trench work was dug up to connect the 9th divisional HQ. What would later be normalized along the western front in WW1 was being seen in its infancy here.  After 19 days the general attack resumed on September 19th. Nogi now planned a feint attack against the eastern defenses while attacking the Waterworks Redoubt, the Sueshi Lunette and a more substantial effort would be mounted against Hills 180 and 203. At 5:40 a storming party lept from their forward trenches at the Waterworks Redoubt. They were stopped in their tracks and ran back to their trenches. At 2am the Japanese performed the same attack and this saw the Russian withdrawing. The Japanese suffered 500 casualties, but gained a new platform to sap from and captured the enemies water supply. The Sueshi lunette would fall the next day in a similar manner. The 9th division occupied the Waterworks Redoubt and Sushi Lunettes while the 1st Division began attacking the Temple Redoubt, 180 and 203 meter hills. They both received new artillery support; 5 naval 12 pounders, 2 4.7 inch guns, 12 4.7 howitzers, 12 3.5 inch mortars, 60 field guns and 8 4 pounder Hotchkiss guns. 180 meter hill was narrow with steep sides, occupied by 6 Russian companies in shallow trenches encircling its crest. Upon its northern peak were 2 6 inch guns managed by sailors. The first Japanese breakthrough occurred on September 17th when some forward trenches were grabbed without firing a single shot. It would turn out the Russian 7th company, 28th regiment were eating their dinner when they were suddenly attacked. They tried to take back their trenches but were unable.  At 2pm on the 19th the Japanese artillery assisted by some IJN gunboats from Louisa Bay began to hit Tretyakov's men hard. At 4pm on the 20th, a simultaneous two battalion attack smashed the Russians leaving Tretyakov to write “Our gunners failed to locate the enemy's batteries, and thus remained impotent witnesses of the slaughter of our companies. Just then I saw the top of the right flank of Namako Yama covered with grey smoke and the men there rushing headlong down the hill. After the men on the right flank [they were Seven Company of the Twenty-eighth Regiment] had run, the others from the battery and the enemy appeared simultaneously on the crest.” Russian troops began to rout as the Japanese seized an observation post close to 180 meter hill. 130 Russians died in the trenches, for the Japanese it was close to 450 casualties. On that same day the Japanese seized the Temple Redoubt. Back on September 18th, General Baron Kodama visited a depressed General Nogi. He advised Nogi to press further on with the sapping effort and looking closely at the battle map, raised attention to the 203 meter hill. He noted such a feature offered the perfect artillery placement to smash the harbor fleet and win the battle. It seems Nogi heeded the advice as on the 20th he launched a 3-pronged attack against 203 meter hill, bypassing 180 meter hill. The Japanese were repelled on two sides, but grabbed a foothold in the southwest corner. The Japanese swept up the hill with their artillery support as the Russian machine gun crews acted like deaths scythes raking them down. The Russians also tossed down boulders to gruesome effect.  On the 22nd Smirnov ordered some quickfires to be brought up to the lip of a ravine under the cover of Kaoliang. The guns caught the Japanese by complete surprise and fired upon them at point blank range causing panic and carnage. At night the Russian hill top defenders tossed hand made mines blowing Japanese in entrenched positions to pieces. Countless Japanese were forced to flee from their foothold on 203 meter hill. 2500 Japanese casualties had mounted against the formidable hill as Nogi ordered the men to back off and allow artillery to soften it up more. The Russian hand grenade proved to be a very effective weapon against Japanese hill charges. Three factories within Port Arthur went into full production because of it. Yet only so much ammunition was stored in the city, and the Russian commanders knew the shells would run out. The Russians were so meticulous, they began a program of finding Japanese shell duds and re-processed them to be fired back upon the enemy. Food was not an enormous issue yet for the Russians, though dysentery and scurvy was increasing. Meanwhile the Japanese were seeing an exponential increase in Beriberi disease. In July they had 5000 cases, August 10,000, another 5000 in September. For those not familiar, beriberi is kind of like a scurvy one gets when their diet is restricted to just rice, particularly rice that is fermented in dampness and heat. The Russians began to hear rumors of the arrival of Japanese 11 inch howitzers. The Japanese had laid down a small railway from Dalny to move the giant 500 lb shells. By October 1st the artillery crews had prepared everything for the giant show of force, their target was to be Fort Chikuan. It took 100 shells, before it was turned to ruin. Nogi and his staff were very pleased with the performance of the new 11 inch howitzers, by October 15th two more batteries of 6 guns arrived. Four of the guns were placed ominously within a mile of 203 meter hill. Tretyakov wrote ‘This was serious news for us. One could feel that 203 Metre Hill was practically safe against six inch projectiles, but eleven inchs were a very different matter.' Tretyakov solution was ‘to delve deeper into the rock'. Elsewhere upon the hill, feared they were doomed. ‘The wearing, trying uncertainty, the want of confidence, and the constant, unavoidable danger began to tell.The younger men lost their nerve, and suicides commenced.'  The sapping efforts had created a new north and northeast front. The 1st division now would attack Fort Sungshu, the 9th division Fort Erhlung and the 11th divisions fort Chikuan. Nogi issued urgency to their tasks as he wished to present Emperor Meiji the gift of Port Arthur on his Birthday, November 3rd. October saw countless Japanese attacks and sapping drawing closer and closer to Russian fortifications. On the 26th the area around the 3 forts were surrounded by Japanese infantry and sappers. At Fort Chikuan a tunnel reached within 50 yards of its moat. At Fort Erhlung the sappers were within 300 yards from the Russian forward trenches. The Japanese invented many gadgets and techniques during this process. They made wooden mortars within their sapper trenches that could fire 250-400 yards or so. To combat enemy grenades they made springy wire trampolines that bounced them off. They even began dabbling in some ancient fashion. Some Japanese created steel body armor, weighing 40 lbs or so that protected them from small arms fire, yet larger arms knocked them down. To combat this, they made two poles fastened to the pioneers waist to keep them up right. On October 26th a Japanese artillery barrage began to build up, directed against Erhlung and Sungshu. Then Japanese infantry stormed forward trenches and for the next two days relentlessly pushed forward. By the night of the 29th two Russian counter attacks in front of Erhlung and Sungshu failed to dislodge them. On the 29th a large barrage was unleashed followed by Japanese storming across a front of just 50-100 yards. The Russians knew exactly where they would come from and all weapons were directed upon them. The attacks were simultaneous. Against Chikuan the Japanese crossed 40 yards and were gunned down by machine guns and torn up by shrapnel. Though little progress was made, some Japanese seized a parapet 200 yards west of the fort. The attack against Fort Erhlung was a complete disaster. The Japanese charged through the chaos and reached its moat only to find out their scaling ladders were 20 feet too short. At Sungshu the same problem was found, but the men were able to cling to the side of the fort. 6 days of desperate hand to hand fighting saw the Japanese lose 124 officers and 3611 men. The only gift the Japanese could provide to Emperor Meiji was a 101 gun salute with the rounds hitting Erhlung. News hit Japan of the failures, the public was angered by Nogi. He was nearly sacked if not for Emperor Meiji's personal intervention. Oyama was livid and sent Kodama to Nogi who strongly advised Nogi to focus on 203 meter hill. If Nogi did not comply Kodama was under orders to take over. Nogi attempted another general assault against the eastern defenses, but most of November would be dedicated to sapping and mining in front of Forts Erhlung and Sungshu. By late November Nogi received the 7th division, but the November assaults would only add to the butchers bill. After the second assault attempt on November 27th the Japanese lost 208 officers, 5933 wounded. A third November assault was made and this time General Kondratenko issued some brutal orders. Russian snipers were brought to the rear, and they shot those who tried to withdraw. The message was passed along the Russian line loud and clear. At 203 meter hill the Japanese were about to see 8000 casualties, for the Russians 3000. The world had rarely seen such slaughter. Kondratenko guessed they had seen the last general assault against the forts for awhile, so he gambled by thinning out the line, trying to build up a reserve for counter attacks. Nogi was determined to seize hills 180 and 203. The 1st division reinforced with a Kobi regiment began an attack on November 28th at 8:30am. Under artillery support they performed a 3-pronged attack. The 11 inch howitzers fired 1000 500lb shells upon 203 and 180 meter hills that day. Two battalions attacked the southern peak, 1 battalion the north peak of 203 meter hill and 3 companies against 180 meter hill. The southern peak force reached the southwest corner of the hill where they became exposed to Russian artillery firing from Pigeon Bay. Being raked by shrapnel they could advance no further. The northern peak force fared no better. The attack against 180 meter hill saw no progress at all. Overall the only significant victory was securing the south west flank of 203 meter hill. On November 29th the morning sun showed corpses strung everywhere across the hills going up to the Russian trenches, a grizzly sight. Japanese artillery continued to smash the hills and during the night the Japanese launched a further 3 pronged attack. After 36 hours the Japanese were exhausted. Nogi ordered the 7th division to relieve the spent 1st division and upon doing so a messenger suddenly rushed into his HQ with a terrible message. Nogi's son Yasukori had died. His eldest son had died at the battle of Nanshan with the 2nd IJA and now his other son under him. He asked the messenger if his son fulfilled his duties as tears welled up in his eyes. He would write later ‘ If the death of my son was a compensator for the thousands of deaths incured in the 3rd army. I often wonder how I could apologise to His Majesty and to the people for having killed so many of my men.' Nogi ordered his sons body to be turned to ashes and a small memorial stone was made at the foot of 203 meter hill marking the spot he died. Meanwhile the mix of soldiers and sailors atop 203 meter hill were being slowly bled dry by artillery and attacks. Countless times men, mostly the sailors would turn to flight during combat, but Tretyakov with his saber in hand and open arms kept shepherding them back to their trenches. Tretyakov would hit men with the flat of his sword to restore order. He also handed out a supply of St. George's Crosses to award those for brave acts. 203 meter hill was sponging up reserves and soon 9000 unemployed men within Port Arthur city were pressed into service. On November 30th another fierce artillery barrage rocked the hill and it was followed up at 2:30 by an attack from the 7th division. The men of the 7th vowed to take the hill or not return. When they came into view of the Russians on the northern slopes the fire was so intense they had to pause to allow their artillery to suppress the Russians. As best as they could, trying to crawl over their own dead, they could not reach the Russians. But one small party of Japanese managed to gain a foothold on the left flank, and there the rising son flag was planted. Tretyakov recalled ‘The sight of this flag always filled our men with fury. I knew this, and, pointing to it, shouted to the reserve: “Go and take it down, my lads!” and like one man, our sailors rushed into the work.' The small party of Japanese would could not be removed.  General Fok issued a memorandum ‘In the same way that he must sooner or later succumb, so too must a fortress fall. No commandant should waste his men in an attempt to recapture a position yielded to the enemy.' Stoessel concurred with the view and held an emergency council about the dire situation upon 203 meter hill. Fok at the meeting said ‘It's absurd to try to hold out there longer. We must think of the men. It's all the same: sooner or later we shall have to abandon it. We must not waste men; we shall want them later.' Only Smirnov objected. That same night, Kodama was informed that a 203 meter hill was falling into their hands. So relieved he went to bed, but the next morning he found out it was not true. He furiously went over to Nogi, but fearing the man would kill himself he did not seize command, but instead demanded he be allowed to give orders on the 203 meter hill front alone.  On December 1st, Tretyakov tossed a counter attack, seeing hand to hand fighting, bayonets and grenades being tossed. Tretyakov wrote of it “A non-combatant detachment, under a quartermaster, came up to make good our losses of the preceding day. The men were placed in the trenches allotted to the reserves, and the officer stood looking at the road, and the piles of dead lying on it. I suggested to him that he should sit in the trench or stand close up under the almost perpendicular bank of the road. But the young fellow said he was not afraid of such missiles, pointing with his hand to an eleven inch shell which was hurtling away after having ricocheted off the ground; but just at that moment there was a terrific roar, and he was hidden in the black smoke from a large shell that had burst just where he stood. When the smoke had cleared away, he was no longer there.“ On December 2nd the Japanese attacks petered out. Twice wounded, Tretyakov had to be evacuated from the hill for surgery. This left few officers upon the hill, and those there were wounded.  On December 5th, the Japanese sappers drew closer to 203 and 180 meter hills. At 1:30pm bayonets were fixed and after the artillery barrage lifted 15 minutes later the Japanese charged. Major General Saito led his 14th brigade up the western slopes of 203 meter hill. Shrapnel was flying everywhere they looked, but the Japanese managed to get atop the western peak and now charged the Russian positions. To their amazement they had seized not just 203 meter hill, but also 180 meter hill. They found Russian dead and wounded everywhere, it turned out 4 days of artillery bombardment had devastated them. The Russians launched two counter attacks, but were unable to wrestle the positions back. War correspondents were allowed to visit the hills and the sight horrified them. Ashmead Barlett atop 203 meter hill recalled ‘There have probably never been so many dead crowded into so small a space since the French stormed the great redoubt at Borodino.' David James wrote “The sight of those trenches heaped up with arms and legs and dismembered bodies all mixed together and then frozen into compact masses, the expressions on the faces of the scattered heads of decapitated bodies, the stupendous magnitude of the concentrated horror, impressed itself indelibly into the utmost recesses of my unaccustomed brain.”  The Russians had no more than 1500 men at any given time upon 203 meter hill and would lose over 3000. The Japanese took 8000 casualties taking the hill and the 7th division would see hundreds of dead from the 1st division as they stormed it. The 1st and 7th divisions after the battle for Port Arthur would virtually cease to exist as fighting formations. No sooner than it had been captured, did the 11 inch howitzers receive their 500 lb armor piercing rounds and began to smash the trapped Russian navy. On the 5th, Poltava took a hit below her magazine which exploded. Retvizan and Pobieda were severed damaged and on fire. On the 6th 280 11 inch rounds were fired and all ships in the western basin suffered numerous hits. On the 7th, Retvizan was sunk, two days later Pobieda and Palada rested at the bottom. Peresvyet and Bayan were on fire and wrecked. Sevastopol was hit 5 times, but remained afloat. The IJN watched this go on, a bit embarrassingly. Sevastopol managed to hide herself behind the Tiger's tail, so IJN destroyers came to fire over 124 torpedoes at her. Despite her anti torpedo boom protection, she took 6 hits and was taking on water. On the night of January 2nd Sevastopol was tugged out to open sea to sink. While that was the story of the death of the Russian navy at Port Arthur, the city itself was hit with artillery without mercy. The Russian commanders knew Kuropatkin was not coming to their rescue. The destruction of the fleet now meant the port was useless and the incoming baltic fleet would simply go to Vladivostok. Smirnov and Kondratenko argued they had a months reserves of food and ammunition and their duty was to continue to fight. Smirnov argued ‘I cannot allow any discussion with regard to a capitulation before the middle of January at the earliest. At home they are just preparing to celebrate the jubilee of Sevastopol. Our fathers held out for eleven months! We shall not have completed eleven months till January 8, and only then will the son be worthy of the father.' Stoessel and Fok did not share the view. Stoessel declared ‘As to the surrender of the fortress, I shall know when that should take place, and I will not permit a street massacre,' Kondratenko went over to Fort Chikuan on december 15th and was visibly depressed. At 9pm a 11 inch shell hit a weakened part of the fort's walls and killed Kondretenko alongside 6 senior officers. News of his death stunned and brought forth a sense of despair for the Russians. At 10pm Smirnov received the report of his death and became bitterly upset at the loss of a friend and the only man capable of holding back Stoessel. Smirnov said to his chief of staff ‘We must go to Stoessel at once. Fok is next in seniority to Kondratenko, and Stoessel will certainly try to give him the vacant appointment. This must at all costs be prevented.' The next morning Smirnov was surprised to see a Fok in a good mood, Fok had been given command in the western front while Smirnov took over the eastern front. Foks first order was to halve the strength in his forts and their supporting flanks. On December 18th, a 2000 kg mine was exploded under Fort Chikuan before the Japanese captured it with ease. On the 28th multiple mines were exploded under Fort Erhlung and it too was captured. On the 29th the Russians held a war council on the issue of the next fortress. The gunners, logisticians and even naval men agreed they could continue the struggle. Stoessl signaled Tsar Nicholas II ‘We cannot hold out more than a few days; I am taking measures to prevent a street massacre.I am extremely grateful to all of you for coming to such a resolution.' New Years eve in Japan was one of joyous celebration. After 10am, Fort Sungshu had mines explode under it, by midday the last fort was captured. On New Years Day, Wantai fell with relative ease. Stoessel sent a message to Nogi on that day “Being acquainted with the general state of affairs in the theatre of war, I am of the opinion that no object is to be gained by further opposition in Port Arthur, and so, to avoid useless loss of life, I am anxious to enter into negotiations for a capitulation. If your Excellency agrees, I would ask you to be so good as to appoint accredited persons to negotiate concerning the terms and arrangements for surrender, and to appoint a spot where they may meet my representatives.” Upon hearing the news, Tretyakov angrily reported ‘General indignation against General Fok was apparent and every kind of accusation was heaped upon his head'. Delegates met at Sueshi village on January 2nd of 1905 as Stoessel sent word to the Tsar “I was forced today to sign the capitulation surrendering Port Arthur. Officers and civil officers paroled with honours of war; garrison prisoners of war. I apply to you for this obligation.” For the Japanese the humiliation of 1895 was finally lifted. Tretyakov said to his men ‘Yes my lads. We have been ordered to surrender; but no blame attaches to the Fifth Regiment, and you can with a clear conscience tell each and every one that the Fifth Regiment has always looked death bravely in the face and has been ready to die without question for its Tsar and country.' Tretyakov would write in his memoirs ‘Many of them burst into tears, and I could hardly speak for the sobs that choked me'. The Russian commanders were given the choice of parole back to Russia, promising not to take part in the war any longer or to be POW's with their men. As the Japanese entered the city they found ample supplies of food, particularly champagne and vodka. A roll call revealed 16,000 sick and wounded in the hospital and 868 officers and 23491 men fit to march into captivity. The Japanese had anticipated 9000 POW's and were somewhat ashamed of their opponents premature surrender. The Russians had suffered in total 31306 casualties, less than a third were fatal. The Japanese suffered twice that. The Japanese acquired 24369 POWs and for this they suffered 57,780 casualties, 33769 sick. The Russians had 6000 deaths, the Japanese suffered 14,000 deaths.  General Nogi was a broken man, he had lost two sons to the war and sent thousands of Japan's youth to their graves. On January 14th he assembled 120,000 of the men to a shrine erected in honor of the fallen. Richmond Smith was there and recalled ‘In the form of a half circle, extending from the base of the hill far out onto the plain, was the victorious army, drawn up in divisions, brigades, regiments and companies, their fixed bayonets glittering in the sunlight.' Companies came forward one by one to bow at the shrine. Nogi read an invocation ‘My heart is oppressed with sadness when I think of all you who have paid the price of victory, and whose spirits are in the great hereafter'. After the Russo-Japanese War,  Nogi made a report directly to Emperor Meiji during a Gozen Kaigi. WAfter explaining all that befell during the Siege of Port Arthur, he broke down and wept, apologizing for the 56,000 lives lost in that campaign and asking to be allowed to commit seppuku in atonement. Emperor Meiji told him that suicide was unacceptable, as all responsibility for the war was due to his imperial orders, and that Nogi must remain alive, at least as long as he himself lived. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The siege of Port Arthur in many ways was a teaser of the horrors that would befall the world in 1914. For General Nogi it cost him another son and the experience broke him. For the Japanese and Russians in the east, they were some of the first to taste what warfare in the 20th century was going to be like.

Last time we spoke about the beginning of the Russo-Japanese war. The Japanese knew to have any chance in the war against the Russians, they needed to deliver a deadly surprise attack against her fleet within the harbor of Port Arthur. Admiral Togo took the combined fleet and dispatched a force under Uriu to neutralize Chemulpo and land forces of the IJA 12th division. Meanwhile Togo ordered 10 destroyers to toss torpedoes at the Russian warships at anchor in Port Arthur, landing a few hits. It seemed to the Japanese that the Russians were fully paralyzed, so Togo elected to bring the combined fleet in to bombard the Russians into submission. Instead of being paralyzed the Russians counter fired using shore batteries causing the Japanese to back off. War was declared afterwards by both parties and now battles would rage over land and sea to see which empire would claim dominance over Asia.    #74 The Russo-Japanese War part 2: the battle of Yalu   Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. The combined fleet set out again on February 14th after just two days in port. The Fuji was still in dry dock in need of further repair. Other than Fuji, the fleet was back at sea in force. Despite taking numerous hits, it turned out the Russian shells were not as effective as the Japanese ammunition which used a new compound called Shimose, refined into a powder that gave the IJN shells a greater velocity, thus much more effective on impact. In the meantime, only a brave attack by two Japanese destroyers was brought upon the Russians at Port Arthur. Other than that nothing much had come about. While at Sasebo, Admiral Togo discussed with his fellow commanders the situation. Port Arthur's harbor had basically become a large lake harbored the Russian ships, but at any moment they could be unleashed into the ocean. Togo needed to destroy the warships or trap them inside, and he came up with a daring plan. Togo sent out a special order, soliciting for volunteers for an extremely dangerous, practically suicidal mission. 2000 sailors volunteered, many writing their names in blood. The plan was quite simple, the volunteers were going to take ships and sink them at the entrance to the harbor. The ships selected were some very old steamers, capable of just 10 knots. On the evening of February 23rd, 5 old steamers set a course for Port Arthur with some torpedo boat escorts. Before the first light of the 24th, the Russian lookouts saw what appeared to be a steady convoy calmly approaching the harbors mouth. A Russian convey was long being awaited, thus many assumed it was them. Some Russian ships came in closer to examine the newcoming vessels closer and upon showering them with searchlights, the captain of the Retvizan quickly realized they were Japanese. Retvizan began opening fire, prompting the old steamers to run frantically through a gauntlet. The Japanese crews were blinded by searchlight as the guns of the Retvizan and shore batteries rained hell upon them. The leading steamer, the Mokoko Maru was hit by Retvizan at point blank range just due east of the harbor entrance. She sank quickly and the other steamers would face a similar fate one by one as they approached. Volunteer crews were shot to pieces or abandoned ship. Those who survived the shelling were rescued by torpedo boats. The mission was a terrible failure. The Russians did not quite understand what had occurred. Certainly the ships were no battleships, but some assumed it was another torpedo attack attempt and thus believed some warships had been sunk. Admiral Alexeiev desperate to boost morale send a message to the Tsar claiming a great naval victory. After further investigation, the steamers were found to be what they were and Alexeiev had to send a correction to the Tsar. Now all of this was going down in Port Arthur, but the Russians did have another force at their cold water port of Vladivostok. Under the command of Rear Admiral Jessel were the armored cruisers Gromoboi, Rurik, Boegatyr and Rossiya. Rear Admiral Kamimura was leading a cruiser squadron with torpedo boats around Tsushima. His duty was that of a picquet force to meet the Russian enemy if they came out to play. Alexeiev gave Jessel orders not to steam more than a single day from port. Jessel had thus only managed to sink two unarmed Japanese merchantmen with his small patrols.  Now upon the land, the former Minister of War, General Kuropatkin was appointed the land commander in Manchuria. He would depart St Petersburg on March 12th and arrive to Harbin by the 28th. For the sea, the disgraced Admiral Starck was to be replaced with Vice Admiral Makarov. The Russian government was trying to showcase to its troops, that the very best officers would lead them, it was a much needed boost of confidence. However Tsar Nicolas II also appointed Alexeiev as the Viceroy of the Russian far east, which gave Alexeiev higher authority than all government ministries in the region, making him beholden only to the Tsar himself. Alekseyev was a key member of the “Bezobrazov Circle” a politically motivated investment group led by Aleksandry Mikhailovich Bezobrazov whom sought to create a commercial enterprise, modeled after the British East India Company, reigning over Manchuria and Korea. A skilled lobbyist, Bezobrazov was the one who persuaded Tsar Nicolas II for Alekseiv's appointment. This would prove ruinous.  Makarov departed his previous command at fort Kronstadt and received news cruisers Novik, Bayan and Askold were damaged. While enroute he received a report the Bezstrashni and Viestnitelni were intercepted by Japanese picquet forces while returning to port. They were attacked trying to race to Port Arthur and Vistnitelni was unable to get away, being destroyed around Pigeon bay. Thus the new commander was getting this picture of his forces accumulating unacceptable losses without even engaging the enemy. Makarov unlike Starck was not so conservative, he sought real action. Makarov was what you would call “a sailors sailor”. He was in excellent shape, was a noted naval tactician and had a copy of a book on his adversary Admiral Togo in his cabin at hand. During his voyage to the far east, Starck retained command and continued to fly his flag upon Petropavlovsk. Makarov would hoist his aboard the soon to be repaired Askold by march 14th. Soon Retvizan and Tsarevitch were patched up adequately to be battleworthy and destroyer flotillas were sent out of the harbor to hunt the Japanese. On March 10th, the blockading forces were attacked by the Russians. The Japanese were surprised at the sudden aggressiveness of the Russians, Togo believed they were finally willing to come out and battle. At the beginning of the war most eyes were set on seeing the performance of torpedoes, they were a relatively new weapon. They actually proved to be quite a disappointment. The weapon that would really make its mark was the seamine. The Japanese made continuous efforts to sent destroyers out at night to lay mines near the entrance of Port Arthur. The Russians did their best to watch these actions and when the tides rose high they would employ grappling hooks to clear fields. This simply pushed the Japanese to lay mines 10 feet below the surface. This resulted in mines actually being placed at various depths, thus when the tides were much higher most ships could pass right over, but if the tides lowered, this led to collisions.  Now back to March 10th, that night the Japanese attempted a ruse. A flotilla of 4 IJN destroyers approached Port Arthur and began parading outside to trying to lure out some Russian warships. Now emboldened, the Russians sent out 6 warships to chase the Japanese who lured them in the direction of Laoteshan. While they were chasing, another IJN destroyer flotilla came from behind and began mining the waters at the harbors entrance at around 4:30am. Eventually the Russian shore batteries saw what was going on and began to fire on the mining destroyers who made their quick escape. The Russian warships chasing the other flotilla heard the gunfire and quickly turned back. The 4 IJN mining destroyers got into position to attack the incoming Russians. 4 out of the 6 Russian warships dodged this and ran for the harbor, but the Ryeshitelni and Stereguschi found themselves blocked. It was 4 against 2 as the destroyers battling it out. The Ryeshitelni was hit a few times causing steering problems but she managed to flee to the harbor, the Stereguschi however was not so lucky. A 1 pounder shell struck a steam pipe in her boiler and engines causing an explosion that killed most of her engine room staff. Stereguschi's captain tried to keep her on course, but her speed dropped and she was soon raked by all 4 Japanese destroyers. Her crew tried to fire back, until only 4 men of the crew were even capable of moving anymore. The IJN destroyer Sasanami let loose a cutter boat to board her as the Stereguschi was captured. The boarding party stepped over corpses and human body parts as they raised the Rising Sun flag. Suddenly the Russian cruisers Bayan and Novik were charging towards the mined harbor entrance. The Sasanami crews leapt back aboard to flee the scene as the Russians opened fire upon them.  It was a bit of excitement to be sure, but Makarov wanted real action, he sought to give battle. He began a intensive training of the fleet, performed tours and raised morale. Meanwhile on March 22nd the Fuji and Yashima were now stationed in Pigeon bay to fire to enforce the blockade effort. Suddenly they found themselves being fired upon by the Russians and saw cruiser Askold flying Makarov's flag. Fuji took a minor hit and had to return to Sasebo for repairs. Togo and his fellow commanders now were realizing the Russians were growing in stature. Meanwhile the IJA guards division was only beginning to unload ashore in Korea. The Russian navy charging out of Port Arthur serious threatened the Japanese troop transit, Togo had to stop them.  The same suicidal plan was employed again. The crews were taken from 20,000 volunteers, another 4 old steamers were allocated to the mission. This time each ship was ballasted with cement and stones alongside a fail safe detonating system. On the night of march 26th, the 4 old steamers sailed 10 knots for the entrance to the harbor. Just before 2:30am their escorts departed and at 3:30am they were two miles from the harbor mouth when they were detected. A gun went off on Electric Hill signaling the presence of the enemy. Search lights blasted everywhere as the 4 steamers began a marathon while dodging incoming shell fire. The frontrunner, Chiyo was making good progress until the Russian destroyer Silny came in close and torpedoed her side. The steamers behind her were fired madly upon causing massive casualties as one by one sank. Two Japanese escort destroyers tried to fire torpedoes at the Silny and maged to hit her in the engine room. In the end both sides took casualties, but Port Arthur remained open.  Makarov's patience was waning, on April 12th he was aboard the cruiser Diana searching for lost Russian destroyers who had been sent out to hunt the Japanese but failed to return. Diana's lookout spotted a ship and her captain requested permission to open fire. Makarov was not sure if the ship was the enemy or one of his own, so he simply said to approach it cautiously. Unbeknownst to Makarov it was another ruse. Togo had been studying the Russian warship maneuvers, schedules and behaviors. He had noticed a pattern, when ships approached port arthur, the Russians would come out to investigate them by going north and south and east to west under the protective range of the shore batteries. He had formed a plan, led by the Koryu Maru who was hiding in the area ready to lay mines at the harbor mouth. 48 mines had been laid at the harbor mouth. As daylight was coming upon the morning of April 13th, Makarov's force got close enough to the unidentified ship to realize it was the lost Strashni and she was being fired upon by 4 IJN destroyers. Strashni was being hit at point blank range, the majority of her crew were dead, she was a goner. Alerted by the naval fire, Makarov took the fleet in to battle. Cruiser Bayan was the first to arrive, joined by Askold, Diana and Novik. The Japanese quickly withdrew from them heading towards the main fleet. The slower Russian battleships were making their way with Petropavlosvk flying Makarovs flag, next to her was Poltava. They passed over the minefield without mishap. Makarov had ordered the area swept the previous night, but the sweep never occurred, he just got very lucky. Admiral Dewa watched the Russian fleet as they departed the harbor, Sevastopol, Peresvyet and Pobieda followed behind the flagship. Dewa sent word to Togo to spring the trap. Dewa opened fire drawing the Russians further south while Togo brought up the first division hoping for battle. When Makarov saw Togo's battleships on the horizon he quickly ordered his fleet to pull back under the range of their shore batteries. Aboard the Petropavlovsk was the grand duke Cyril, a cousin to the tsar, a famous artist named Vasili Verestchagin and Captain Crown. Makarov had expected a historic moment and wanted to share it with others. As Makarovs fleet got closer to the harbor he ordered the smaller warships to go inside it while the larger ships formed a line of battle. When the Japanese approached within 6 miles they would fall under the range of the shore batteries, Makarov expected a massacre upon them. Then at 9:43am a terrible explosion hit the bows of the Petropavlovsk rocking her, a second explosion ripped open a magazine and a third blew up her boiler. The ship quickly keeled over and went down bow first, as her propellers continued to spin. Within two minutes the flagship had hit 3 mines and fell under the waves, a complete disaster. The Japanese were only 10,000 yards away, cheering the explosive sounds. Togo ordered the men to take their caps off in silence when they realized it was Petropavlovsk that had struck the mines and sunk. At 10:15am Pobieda hit a mine, the Russians thought it was some sort of submarine attack and began firing wildly out the sea. When the Russians regained order they got back into the harbor one by one. Pobieda was the last to limp in. 630 men died aboard the Petropavlovsk, including Admiral Makarov, Vasili Verestchagin and Captain Crown, the Grand Duke Cyril had been launched off the warship from the explosion and although severely injured would survive. The death of Makarov shattered the morale of the Russian navy and in the motherland added fuel to an emerging revolutionary clamor.  The Japanese fleet were anchored off Elliot island on the 14th when they received the confirmed news of Makarovs death. Togo read out the telegram from Reuters and he ordered his fleet to fly their flags at half mast to give a day of mourning for an honored opponent that they esteemed a samurai for his aggressive behavior.  Makarovs death signaled an end to aggressive naval actions for quite some time. On May 3rd Togo launched further blocking actions. 8 steamers tried to perform the same suicidal mission as down twice before and failed like the others. Togo was so ashamed by the loss of life from these 3 missions that he stated the third mission had been a success, lying to the army. He did this under immense pressure, for it was his job to secure the sea lanes so Japanese troops could be safely landed along the Liaodong Peninsula. Luckily for him, the death of Makarov basically kept the Russian fleet bottled up in Port Arthur. Unluckily for him the Japanese saw their own losses to sea mines begin in May. On the 12th a destroyer hit a mine at Talienwan; the next day the battleship Hatsuse ran into a minefield laid out by the Amur and just like the Petropavlovsk was lost within a minute. She had hit two mines, one blew up her magazine, breaking apart her deck. The battleship Yashima closed in to help her but also hit a mine, but was able to limp away out of the sight of the Russians before she too sank. News of these ship losses were not released to the Japanese public. Chemulpo had been seized easily, the 12th division began landing there with ease. Now the 2nd, 12th and Guards division were of the 1st IJA, mobilized before the offset of the war. The Japanese held the advantage of being able to send troops faster via the sea, for the Russians the trans siberian railway still took a considerable amount of time. Thus the Japanese wanted to hit hard and fast, so alongside the 12th division the 2nd and guards were hoped to make a landing quickly after. The 12th division with some components of the 2nd division landed between the 17th and 22nd of February and began a quick march towards Pyongyang. The Japanese first entered Pyongyang on February 21st who quickly ran out some Cossacks. They set up supply posts enabling the rest of the 12th division to follow suit by the early march. Pyongyang became a focal point for supplies and provisions, the Japanese employed numerous Koreans for the logistical war effort. They bargained for provisions at a fair rate, for example purchasing pigs. A coolie army was hired, nearly 10,000 men strong. They were paid wages above the market norm and leaders amongst them received red bands to signify privileged positions within the Imperial Japanese Transport Corps.  On March 18th the 12th division advanced from Pyongyang to Anju dislodged two squadrons of Cossack cavalry there. Patrols from the first IJA indicated Chinampo lying around the mouth of the Taitong diver would make for an excellent landing point for men and supplies. Thus the commander of the 1st IJA, General Kuroki dispatched some forces of the guards and 2nd division from Hiroshima to land and secure Chinampo on March 13th. By the end of March the entire 1st IJA had landed in Korea. By this point the Japanese were confused at the lack of Russian interference, unbeknownst to them the Tsar had issued a directive to Alexeiev to overt any Russian action against the Japanese in Korea. The Russians still believed there was a chance the Japanese would just skirmish on the borders and not advance into Manchuria. Thus Alexeiev ordered the forces to allow the Japanese to land “on the whole extent of the western coast of Korea as high as Chemulpo and to permit their exploration as far north as the Yalu”.  While the Japanese were consolidating their logistical supply bases in Korea, the Russian logistics were facing countless problems. The Russians simply did not have the logistical organization that the Japanese had, they were basically living off the land. The Russians were coming into conflict with the local Manchurian populations who were actively resisting them. This was largely due to the recent war they just fought in Manchuria, Japanese funding Honghuzi forces and the Chinese and Koreans simply sympathize more with their fellow asian Japanese against the Russians. Honghuzi guerilla forces were working with Koreans along the northern border to harass the Russians, attacking and pillaging their supply lines. The Japanese war plan sought to have its 1st IJA attack and advance over the Yalu, while the 2nd IJA led by General Oku would land near Nanshan to cut Port Arthur off from the mainland. Now Kuroki's 1st IJA may have had better supply lines, but to move the entire army north into Manchuria was still a logistical nightmare. To be more efficient the 1st IJA would focus its bulk along the western part of Korea where sea access was easier. The port of Rikaho was selected as a new forward landing and supply base. After securing it the Japanese continued north towards the Yalu and by the second week of April were in the same spot their forebears had taken in August of 1894.  By April 21st they were concentrating due south of Wiju drawing supplies from Chinampo, Boto and Rikaho. At this point many foreign military observers and correspondents were arriving. There was a deep hunger to study how new modern weaponry and tactics would work out on the battlefield, both the Russians and Japanese would have foreigners amongst them taking notes. It was an interesting time after all. Since the American Civil War, Taiping Rebellion and even Franco-Prussian War of 1870, military technology had advanced exponentially. There would be as many as a hundred foreign military observers from over 16 different nations in Manchuria and Korea during the war. This would also be exploited heavily for spying. Many of the observers were British who held obvious sympathies with the Japanese and thus would covertly hand over information. Now back on February 15th, General Kuropatkin presented the Tsar his campaign plan to win the war against Japan, a war might I note he never favored having. Kuropatkin estimated he would require 6 months to achieve a force of 200,000, the number he believed was necessary to undertake an offensive. Thus he sought to spend the 6 months assessing the Japanese strength while establishing strong defenses to the north of their perceived limit of advance. Basically he wanted to trade space for time, he did not seek to establish defenses too far south. But Kuropatkin was not the top brass, it was Alexeiev and Alexeiev ordered Kuropatkin not to abandon any territory. Thus Kuropatkin was forced to form a line of defenses near the Yalu. He dispatched General Zasulich, the new Eastern Detachment commander on April 22nd with specific orders “to retard the enemy in his passage; to determine his strength, dispositions and lines of march; to retreat as slowly as possible into the mountains”. Opposite and across the Yalu from Wiju is Chuliencheng, the town sits about 2 miles north of the river. The Yalu splits into two rivers and at the split point are a chain of islands. There were no bridges between the two banks, thus crossings would need to be made by small junks and sampans. Taking some of the islands in the Yalu was imperative to ease crossing points. At Fenghuangcheng the Yalu divided and going north became the Ai river. At the junction was a 500 foot high hill called Tiger's head another important strategic location the Japanese would have to seize. Closer to the mouth of the Yalu on the northern side was the fortified town of Antung, which the Russians believed was extremely vulnerable to a Japanese landing attack. The Russian forces at the Yalu consisted of the 3rd Siberian Army corps alongside our old friend General Mishchenko's trans-baikal cossack brigade. At Antung, led by Major General Kashtalinksi were 2580 riflemen, 400 cavalry scouts, 16 field guns and 8 machine guns. On the right flank 4 miles to the north at Tientzu was a reserve of 5200 riflemen and 16 guns; at Chuliencheng led by Major General Trusov were 5200 riflemen, 240 cavalry scouts and 16 guns. The right flank extended from the mouth of the Yalu to Takushan all under Mishchenkos command who held 1100 cavalry, 2400 riflemen, 8 field guns and 6 horse drawn guns. The left from going from Anpingho to Hsiapuhsiho around 40 miles northeast on the Yalu was 1250 cavalry, 1000 riflement and 8 mountain guns. Excluding the reserves, there were over 16,000 riflemen, 2350 cavalry, 630 cavalry scouts, 40 field guns, 8 mountain guns and 6 horse drawn guns covering a distance of over 170 miles. Facing them around Wiju would be a Japanese force of 42,500 men. The Russians had spread themselves out thinly along the river. At the base of numerous hills were Russian trenches, uncamouflaged, in full view from the opposite bank. The Russian artillery likewise was in full view, a large mistake. The Japanese had employed spies, often disguised as fisherman going along the rivers mapping out the Russian artillery positions, by the 23rd the Japanese had acquired the full layout and order of battle. General Kuroki made sure to conceal his strength and more importantly his main crossing point. Using screens of large trees and kaoliang, if you remember the boxer series that is a tall type of millet, well they used this type of cover to move their artillery and troops in secrecy. The Russians occupied the islands in the Yalu called Kyuri, Oseki and Kintei. On the 25th 6 batteries were brought up to support an infantry attack. IJN gunboats began harassing the forces at Antung as a diversion, trying to deceive the Russians into thinking their right flank was where the fighting would be had. At 9:45pm two battalions of the 2nd division crossed using pontoons to Kintei island completely unopposed. Sappers immediately went to work constructing bridges. At 4am a force of 250 soldiers of the Guards division landed and attacked 150 Russians on Kyuri, dislodging them at the cost of 12 men. The Russians quickly abandoned Kyuri and Kintei seeing them as lost causes, but suddenly without orders the men atop Tiger Hill also began withdrawing when they saw men leaving the islands.  The Japanese engineers began constructing 10 bridges using pontoons as a feint attack was launched against Chuliencheng. A bridge was erected made up of native boats placed side by side going across the Yalu. This bridge was a decoy. Russian artillery fired upon numerous positions giving their locations away as the concealed Japanese artillery systematically took them out one by one. Over at Antung a small flotilla of 6 gunboats continued to harass the fort and trenches. The local commander was convinced the Japanese would land and attack, again this was a deception. After a few days Kuroki had all he needed to unleash a blow. He sought to advance to Tangshancheng, between Fenghuangcheng and Antung. He had orders to work in concert with the 2nd IJA's landing, this meant he was to a cross the Yalu on April 30th. However, Generals Oku, Kuorki and Admiral Togo met on April 25th where it was determined the deadline had to be pushed until May 1st or 2nd. Thus Kuroki was ordered to delay his attack until May 3rd. Kuroki concentrated his attention towards the weak Russian left flank. He required a crossing point over the Yalu to reconnoiter between the Yalu and Ai rivers. The Russians believed crossing the Ai would require boats, but the Japanese found a crossing point over at the right bank around Sukuchin. Kuroki had the 12th division focus on the right flank, the Guards in the middle to cross the Yalu via the Kyuri and Oseki islands to take a position on Chukodai island to the north and south of Tiger Hill, the 2nd division would hit the weak left. On May 1st the Japanese received some new toys from Chinampo, 20 4.72 inch howitzers organized into 5 batteries. Under the cover of darkness, these huge guns were placed into camouflaged trenches. Meanwhile back on the 29th of april the 12th division covertly crossed the Yalu during the night and moved 3 batteries into Chukyuri to cover the bridge making effort. At 11am on May 1st the Japanese artillery began firing, covering the 12th divisions as they crossed the right bank brushing aside light Russian opposition. Zasulich received word of this and tried to order reinforcements to Anpingho, but he still believed the activities of the 12th division to be a feint, a IJN flotilla was harassing Antung still. The reinforcements were thus delayed heavily. On april 29th and 4pm Zasulich despatched a battalion of the 22nd east Siberian rifle regiment with some mounted scouts and 2 guns to cross the Ai river and retake Tiger Hill. The Russians easily dislodged the Japanese platoon atop the hill who quickly joined their comrades over on Kyuri island.  The next morning the Japanese could see the Russians digging in on Tiger Hill, so the Guards divisional artillery on a hill south of a bridge leading to Kyuri island opened fire on them. There was no artillery response from the Russian artillery. At 10am two groups of sappers set out in boats to survey the waters opposite of Chukodai and at 10:30 were fired upon by a battery on some high ground north east of Chuliencheng. 6 4.72 inch batteries of the 12th division responded and within 16 minutes the Russian battery was neutralized suffering the deaths of 5 officers and 29 men. Another Russian battery east of Makau began firing and was smashed quickly by the Guards artillery.  Major General Kashtalinski took command of the Chuliencheng sector from Major General Trusov who became ill on April 28th. So severely had the Russian artillery and infantry suffered from the Japanese artillery, that at 11pm on April 30th, Kashtalinski requested permission from Zasulich to withdraw to some hills behind Chuliencheng. Zasulich refused this as Alexeiev's orders were clear, not to give up any ground. Zasulich then received news, the men on Tigers Hill had abandoned it fearing encirclement, some elements of the Guards and 12th division linked up and took it. The 12th division were advancing in three columns towards the Ai river during the night and as Thomas Cowen of the Daily Chronicle reported “The men had to march, wade, wait their turn at a plank bridge or shallow ford, help each other up a slippery bank, pass, in single file sometimes, through a willow copse, wait, climb, jump, mud-scramble, and march again, for about six hours, getting into positions, ‘lining out' in front of the long-extending Russian trenches. No light was allowed, nor a voice above an undertone, for the most part there were no roads to march on, but the men had to cross fields, grope in the gloom for strange paths, or struggle past obstructions where no path could be found, using dry water-courses as tracks till they led into pools, over stubbly cornfields, in and out among tenantless farm buildings, up country lanes and hillside footpaths, each officer and NCO peering into the gloom, feeling his way to the appointed spot, consulting a rough sketch plan and drawing his men after him.” At 3am the Russian 12th regiment reported back to Zasulich that they heard the sounds of wheels on the islands and believed artillery were crossing bridges, he did nothing. At 5am the morning fog dissipated and the Russians could now see opposite of them at Chuliencheng to Salankou at a distance of 6 miles, 3 Japanese divisions were in trenches waiting to pounce on them. Regimental priests egan sermons just before the scream of Japanese howitzers broke the morning quiet. The Japanese artillery were focused first on hunting Russian artillery, eventually some batteries at Makau fired back and within a few minutes were silenced. After this the Japanese artillery focused its full weight upon the Russian infantry in their trenches absolutely devastating them. In view of the lack of Russian artillery fire, Kuroki changed his plans somewhat and ordered the 12th division to perform an encirclement maneuver prior to the Guards and 2nd divisions attacks. By 7am all 3 Japanese divisions were advancing.  The Japanese stormed out of their trenches and rushed along the 200 yard wide waters of the Ai to the various crossing points like ants going through funnels. The Japanese troops carrying packs full with rations for 3 days moved as fast as they could through the water before being hit by the first Russian volley at a range of around 500 yards, about halfway across the river. It was an extreme range for the Russian rifles, but with the Japanese so packed up it was brutal. The Japanese did not loss momentum and soon were charging through Russian volleys up the river bank and knolls. Japanese officers began screaming ‘take cover and fire at will”. The 2nd division suffered tremendous casualties around Chuliencheng. The Japanese leapfrogged forward using fire and movement to great effect and soon were crashing into the forward Russian positions. When the Russians abandoned their forward positions for interior lines the Japanese artillery devestated them. The 12th east Siberian rifle regiment made a brave but hopeless counterattack and were swept aside. By 10am the main body of the Russian force were in a full retreat at Chuliencheng. The Japanese tried to storm a the road leading to Fenghuangcheng due north of Chuliencheng, but the full weight of the Russian retreat dislodged them. General Kashtalinski watched in horror as the right flank collapsed, however there was still hope. If Colonel Gromov held the left flank, they could maintain thir foothold on the Yalu. Colonel Gromov and his men were holding a position on the forward slopes overlooking the Ai river in the area of Potetientzu. His command held two battalions of the 22nd regiment and his focus was upon the right side where the guards division were now getting over the river and penetrated his thinly held line. Gromov then received news the 12th division were beggining to get over their part of the river. Gromov went over to see it for himself and he estimated there to be around 5 or 6 battalions advancing directly upon his position. He had no choice, he orderd a partial withdrawal, and as best as he could he tried to maintain order but a general withdrawal emerged as the Japanese gradually turned his flank. Gromov's intent was to pull back to Chingkou, but the rapid advance of the Japanese forces him to saddle between Chingkou and Laofangkou.  Other than Gromov's two battalions, the Russians were maintaining a reasonble withdrawal to defensive lines further back around the Hantuhotzu stream around two miles beyond the Ai. The force at Antung were being shelled by the IJN gunboats, aside from that they alongside the reserves at Tientzu had done basically nothing in the battle thus far. Kuroki ordered the Guards to occupy some hills above Hamatang, the 2nd division to advance upon Antung and the 12th to advance southwards to Taloufang. The 12th swept right through Chingkou en route to Hamatang smashing Gromov's men. General Kashtalinksi's men held the Guards and 2nd division back along the Hantuhotzu giving General Zasulich time to withdraw his troops at Antung to Tientzu. To over this withdrawal two battalions of the 11th east siberian regiment and a battery were detached to bolster Kashtalinski's position along the Hantuhotzu. The Guards and 2nd division had to wait for their artillery to catch up to them as the 12th were putting pressure on Gromov's men. At 12:15pm Gromov was forced to pull back to Liuchiakou and he sent a messenger to report such to General Kashtalinski's HQ. At 1pm a messenger of General Zasulich arrived at Gromov's HQ ordering him to retreat via Laochoutun. Meanwhile the messenger failed to get to Kashtalinski until 4pm, thus Kashtalinski would have literally no idea and thought everything was holding. Later Gromov would be courtmartialled for withdrawing the way he did. He would be exonerated later, but before that occurred he would shoot himself in shame.  Around 12pm Kashtalinski received word to his surprise that Gromov was withdrawing from Chingkou with the 22nd regiment in disarray and that the Japanese had seized Liuchiakou. His scouts were also telling him the Japanese were advancing on Laofangkou. Kashtalinski wanted to see this for himself douting his own scouts. What he saw was a complete disaster and he quickly ordered an immediate withdrawal from Hantuhotzu to Tientzu. His rearguard was the 11th company of the 22nd regiment who took up a position on a 570 foot high hill east of Hamatang. At around 2pm the 5th company of the 24th IJA regiment, the 12th divisions vanguard smashed into the southeast part of the Hamatang defensive line. Soon the 5th company held a blocking position forcing the retreating Russians to move further south of the 570 foot hill. Three batteries of the 12th division the narrived and began smashing Hamatang as the Guards and 2nd divisions men stormed forward positions. The 11th east Siberian regiment buckled and began fleeing into the valley beyond Hamatang already 26 officers and 900 men had been killed. The valley was around a mile wide, extremely open with fields extending up hillsides. There was basically no cover at all and when the Japanese took the heights they had an excellent view into the valley to fire upon the fleeing Russians. Suddenly the regiments priest in full regalia, grabbed a large cross and stood up. The surrounding surviving Russians around him stood up and the priest led the men through the valley to safety as he cried out “god have mercy” for Russians were being blown to pieces all around them. The priest was hit by 3 bullets before he fell bleeding over his cross as soldier grabbed him and carried him to the other side. The firing gradually lessened as the Japanese shouted banzais atop their hills and saluted the Russians withdrawing before them. The hero priest was evacuated to the Red Cross hospital at Mukden where he made a full physical recovery, though psychological he did not, he reportedly went insane.  The carnage was not found so great everywhere. 650 men of the 24th and 56th regiments who were holding out on a hill south east of Hamatang were pounced upon by a company of the guards division who screamed Banzai charging with their bayonets. The Russains lifted up a white flag and the Japanese allowed them to surrender. At 5:30pm the sun was setting across the battlefield, it had been a truly bloody sight. 2700 Russians lay dead, wounded or captured. The Japanese reported 1036 casualties. The Russians had lost 45 artillery pieces, 8 machine guns and 19 wagons full of munitions. The Japanese did not pursue the Russians fleeing to Liaoyang or Fenghuangcheng.  I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The Russian fleet was trapped firmly with the harbor of Port Arthur allowing the Japanese to commence their land campaigns. The first major battle was at along the Yalu river which turned a crimson red with the blood of both sides. It was going to be a terrible war.