Podcasts about King Louie

#JustEazy #WelcomeToTheRawrrzone #HipHopInterview #PeoriaHipHop #RisingArtist #SinkOrSwim #LetterToMyDaughter #RealRap #MusicWithPurpose #IndependentArtist #UndergroundHipHop #ArtistSpotlight Welcome to another episode of Welcome to the Rawrrzone – where underground voices get the spotlight they deserve.In this episode, we sit down with Just Eazy, an unapologetically real voice in today's hip-hop and R&B scene, hailing from Peoria, Illinois. From motivational anthems like “Sink or Swim” to the emotional depth of “Letter to My Daughter”, Just Eazy blends grit, soul, and storytelling into music that moves the culture forward.

#JustEazy #WelcomeToTheRawrrzone #HipHopInterview #PeoriaHipHop #RisingArtist #SinkOrSwim #LetterToMyDaughter #RealRap #MusicWithPurpose #IndependentArtist #UndergroundHipHop #ArtistSpotlight Welcome to another episode of Welcome to the Rawrrzone – where underground voices get the spotlight they deserve.In this episode, we sit down with Just Eazy, an unapologetically real voice in today's hip-hop and R&B scene, hailing from Peoria, Illinois. From motivational anthems like “Sink or Swim” to the emotional depth of “Letter to My Daughter”, Just Eazy blends grit, soul, and storytelling into music that moves the culture forward.

Episode 289 features HQ Trivia and ChangeUp's, Scott Rogowsky and King Louie's Meat Apostles, Michael Goff and a recap of the Jeff Michner Foundation BBQ Benefit at Pig Beach. Scott Rogowsky is a comedian and television personality. He is well known for his time hosting HQ Trivia, a mobile game show.  Scott also co-hosted ChangeUp, a baseball program broadcast on the subscription video streaming network, DAZN.  HQ Trivia was a huge hit and it is what put him on the map, but Scott has been performing and hosting many other shows and we discuss a lot of them, in addition to talking about his beloved New York Mets.     Michael Goff is one half of the creative founding force from the company, King Louie's Meat Apostles, makers of award-winning seasonings and rubs.  The barbecue industry is filled with top quality rubs which means if you want to stand out you need to be different.  Michael has done just that as he has created a flavor profile you would be hard-pressed to find elsewhere.  For more information on Michael and to purchase his products go to  https://www.meatapostles.com/ We recommend you go to Baseball BBQ, https://baseballbbq.com for special grilling tools and accessories, Magnechef https://magnechef.com/ for excellent and unique barbecue gloves, Cutting Edge Firewood High Quality Kiln Dried Firewood - Cutting Edge Firewood in Atlanta for high quality firewood and cooking wood, Mantis BBQ, https://mantisbbq.com/ to purchase their outstanding sauces with a portion of the proceeds being donated to the Kidney Project, and for exceptional sauces, Elda's Kitchen https://eldaskitchen.com/   We conclude the show with the song, Baseball Always Brings You Home from the musician, Dave Dresser and the poet, Shel Krakofsky. We truly appreciate our listeners and hope that all of you are staying safe. If you would like to contact the show, we would love to hear from you Call the show:  (516) 855-8214 (516) 855-8214 Email:  baseballandbbq@gmail.com Twitter:  @baseballandbbq Instagram:  baseballandbarbecue YouTube:  baseball and bbq Website:  https//baseballandbbq.weebly.co Facebook:  baseball and bbq  Facebook:  baseball and bbq Call the show:  (516) 855-8214 Email:  Twitter:  @baseballandbbqInstagram:  baseballandbarbecueYouTube:  baseball and bbqWebsite:  https//baseballandbbq@gmail.com baseballandbbq.weebly.com Call the show:  (516) 855-8214           Call the show:  (516) 855-8214  Email:  Twitter:  @baseballandbbqInstagram:  baseballandbarbecueYouTube:  baseball and bbqWebsite:  https//baseballandbbq@gmail.com  baseballandbbq.weebly.com Facebook:  baseball and bbq 

Catch up with the What's The Word crew in Episode 68 - Cody, Bree Specific, and Chris recap the St. Patrick's Day weekend before special guest DJ L falls through to join the show. The crew gets into the in's-and-outs of who they would want to perform at their weddings after video surfaces of King Louie's impromptu performance. Next, Cody shows love to the CPS schools that won state basketball championships over the weekend before turning attention to Pastor Hannah's latest moves to build the crib. DJ L taps in to discuss the latest example of pushing peace as Blasian Doll and Tay Savage sit down to hash out their differences. Saba dropped a new project that has the crew excited about Chicago's music scene moving forward into the summer as we get into the Lollapalooza lineup - where a heated convo starts regarding ASAP Rocky being on the lineup over Chief Keef. The crew closes out the show with their thoughts on R.Kelly's entry into the Residuals Challenge and the latest update on Big U, Bricc Baby, Lucc Cannon and others being picked up on federal RICO charges. We want to send our acknowledgements and condolences to the family of Kamari McMillen#WhatsTheWord #Lollapalooza #BigU Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/whats-the-word-interviews-with-cody-mack. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Alex Sigmund, DVM, DACVO, is a board-certified veterinary ophthalmologist, “The Vet Eye Guy” on Instagram, and founder of Insight Veterinary Eye Care, LLC that provides continuing education and teleconsultation services. He enjoys combining his passion for ophthalmology by engaging owners and veterinarians via social media, continuing education events, and one-on-ones. Sigmund wants every veterinarian to be comfortable with the basics of ophthalmology to improve patient care and client understanding. He has plans to start his own private practice in the near future that will focus on the client/patient experience in addition to high quality medicine.  Sigmund enjoys working with exotic animals at local zoos and aquariums to ensure health and comfort for animals ranging from puffins to elephants. He completed veterinary school at the University of Georgia and a residency in comparative veterinary ophthalmology at the University of Tennessee. His publications have ranged from feline stem cell therapy to cataract surgery in raptors. Sigmund has a wonderful partner, an “old lady dog” named Asima, and a fluffy Ragdoll cat named King Louie that help occupy his time outside of the clinic.

On this episode, Nick talks with the team behind the short film Auganic, which won Best Live Action Short at the deadCenter Film Festival, director Krit Komkrichwarakool and producer King Louie. They discuss the Canadian film scene, King Louie's time working in the VFX department on the Emmy-winning show The Last of Us, what it was like to win for their film Auganic in an Oscar-qualifying category at deadCenter, and more.

A Disney classic with Mowgli, the man cub, Baloo the bear, Bagheera, the wise old panther and crazy King Louie the orangutan. But watch out for cunning Shere Khan the tiger and Kaa, the ssssneakiest snake in the jungle!

Back with a BRAND NEW episode.. Vol.93 of The Underground BANGERZ Mixshow!! Strictly Underground Hardcore Hip Hop (NO MAINSTREAM NO MUMBLE RAP) REAL HIP HOP IS NOT ON THE RADIO! Nothing but Boom Bap beats & lyricism.. pure uncut UNDERGROUND HIP HOP!!! Thanks for tuning in!! Follw me on Twitch : https://www.twitch.tv/dj_glibstylez Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCo-YVgHQr9YF6o3dqygEYyg Kick: https://kick.com/dj-glibstylez Blast Radio https://www.blastradio.com/djglibstylez IG: https://www.instagram.com/dj_glibstylez/ FB: https://www.facebook.com/donnie.knight/ FB Page: https://www.facebook.com/djglibstylez Tracklist: 1.       DJ GlibStylez x Reese Tanaka - Underground Bangerz Intro  2.       Blu x Evidence - Los Angeles (ft. Nana)  3.       Indigo Phoenyx X $aveme - Block Chain Snatcher (ft. G Fam Black) 4.       Reek Osama x Bah Label - Cartridge 5.       Ayoo Bigz x Nar - Seen a boi get Killed 6.       Grimey Chops x I. Scott Da Illest - Iron Fence (Prod. by Grimey Chops) 7.       Tha Rhyme Animal x Mr. ilango - North Korea 8.       Dios Negasi - Filet Mignon 9.       Dynas x Jah Freedom - Grunerwolk (ft. Kil Ripkin ) 10.   MidaZ The BEAST x TzariZM - Info Kill 3 11.   nebula. - Go Go Gadget (Prod. by Juno Adonis) 12.   Rufus Sims x Billionaire BoyScout - Keep Playing 13.   G Fam Black x Tali Rodriguez - Rat Traps (ft. Reek Osama) 14.   Termanology x Akrobatik x Konflik - Too Far 15.   DJ Muggs x Raz Fresco - Ghost of Garvey (ft. The 6th Letter x Gritfall) 16.   Mac Montana - Struggles (Prod. by Sauce Yin) 17.   Sauce Yin x Gustavo Louis x Mac Montana x Black Silq - Narco Squad 18.   Crotona x Mercy DaHarlemKid - Thunder Pound (Prod. by KNG Bondalero) 19.   Piff Penny - Mawd Ting (ft. G Fam Black Prod. by KNG Bondalero) 20.   Edo.G x Tone Spliff - Act Of God 21.   Rakim - Love Is The Message (ft. Nipsey Hussle, Planet Asia, King Louie, Snoop Dogg, Sally Green, Kobe Honeycutt) 22.   Jhiakhana - Blissful Ignarance (Prod. by godBLESSbeatz) 23.   M Doc Diego x GNyce - Gangstas Wit Class (ft. G Fam Black, Alvarez Masterminded, Barbaric) 24.   Dirty Clanzmen - Panic Button (Prod. by David James Music) 25.   DJ Premier x Rick Ross x Lil Wayne x Big Sean -     Ya Don't Stop 26.   Vinnie Paz - Brainscan Exorcism 27.   Jizzm High Definition x Nova The Wraith - Bounce Off The Walls (ft. HardMoney) 28.   Pan Montega - Black Sinatra (Prod. by Sinamatik)

Send us a Text Message.Welcome to our Friday Roundup.  Today's episode is a summary of our podcasts from this week.  We hope you are encouraged and enjoy it.  Have a great weekend. Support the Show.

Alex Sigmund, DVM, DACVO, “The Vet Eye Guy” on Instagram, and founder of Insight Veterinary Eye Care, LLC that provides continuing education and teleconsultation services. He enjoys combining his passion for ophthalmology by engaging owners and veterinarians via social media, continuing education events, and one-on-ones. Sigmund wants every veterinarian to be comfortable with the basics of ophthalmology to improve patient care and client understanding. He has plans to start his own private practice in the near future that will focus on the client/patient experience in addition to high quality medicine.  Sigmund enjoys working with exotic animals at local zoos and aquariums to ensure health and comfort for animals ranging from puffins to elephants. He completed veterinary school at the University of Georgia and a residency in comparative veterinary ophthalmology at the University of Tennessee. His publications have ranged from feline stem cell therapy to cataract surgery in raptors. Sigmund has a wonderful partner, an “old lady dog” named Asima, and a fluffy Ragdoll cat named King Louie that help occupy his time outside of the clinic.

Send us a Text Message.Join us today as we look at a fourth-grade student who learned an important lesson when he played King Louie in their school play.Support the Show.

On this week's episode presented by Busey Bank, Josh sits down with Matthew McGuire – the landmark restauranteur behind two fabulous St. Louis dining destinations. Matt and Josh go way back. They discuss Matt's journey from his first successful endeavor after college – King Louie – through his days with Gerard Craft's restaurant group and Central Hall Food Table in the Central West End. Matt is a true hospitality professional with an incredible eye for detail and is really good at making spaces and food and service impeccably understated and delicious and comfortable. Josh dives deep to understand the intentionality behind Matt's approach to everything he does. How does he build a staff and a culture? What is he doing differently now then he did as a young restauranteur? It's great to hear the secret sauce from someone who clearly knows how to create a successful organization. #restauranteur #stlmade #explorestl #secretsauce #culture

Best of the underground, week of Feb 20, 2024: 9th st women. (All podcasts are on www.hlycrp.com, and you can also follow us on Facebook, Instagram, and Spotify, and Apple Podcasts.)  

King Louie joins a full house of unpaid Big Book interns to cover low spending and vip0 strategy from beginning to end. 00:00:00 Intro 00:02:02 Levels of spending 00:10:43 The Offer wall 00:20:06 Spending Dilithium 00:24:59 Crew Retrieval 00:32:42 Honor 00:33:59 Becoming competitive 00:54:43 Acquiring and managing crew 01:12:35 JB Sideburn ---- Trek Time is a 100% Charity Supporting Channel! Check Our Website: https://trek-time.com/ Join The Discord: https://discord.gg/zKKHKwBB98 Follow Us On Twitch: https://twitch.tv/TrekTime Subscribe To Our Podcast: https://anchor.fm/s/256197a0/podcast/rss Follow Us On Twitter: https://twitter.com/TrekTime_ Follow Us On Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/trektime.bsky.social Email: trek.time.charity@gmail.com ----

Uncle Scott's 2023 buck was special! Enjoy as Scott and Joe tell the story of the biggest buck they've ever hunted! 

What's happening pen cart fans! We're coming at you with another pen cartridge review. This is our last one from Mr. Nice Guy. This is their house brand from House Party Cannabis Company. This is a live resin King Louie Indica. Come chill with us for 17mins as we review this bad dog. Hit us up in the Q&A so we can get some feedback and make this potcast even better. Thanks for stoping by and don't forget to like, subscribe, and share.

Join your favorite college football podcast for our Week 6 college football recap! Miami Hurricanes...what were they doing?? And just wait until you hear Todd Blackledge sing like King Louie!! -------------------------- Thank you for watching! And please subscribe and hit the bell button so you are notified when a new video is released. My production company, Switchmen Studios: www.switchmenstudios.com Our new film is currently crowdfunding! Click here to help: https://bit.ly/3Vx8NK3 Join my email list: https://mailchi.mp/f274fe998fb5/email-subscriber-landing-page My IMDB: https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6690914/ My social channels: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/joshmancuso/ (@JoshMancuso) TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/Josh-Mancuso?lang=en (@TheJoshMancuso) Twitter: https://twitter.com/joshmancuso (@joshmancuso) Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thejoshmancuso (@TheJoshMancuso) All my videos are shot on a Panasonic GH5 mark ii and a Sennheiser lavalier microphone. I use Dazzne LED light panels and a Neewer ring light. JOSH MANCUSO is an award-winning actor and filmmaker originally from L.A. but has spent most of his life in East Tennessee. He is well-known for his comedic talents, especially on social media where his videos have gained millions of views from audiences around the world. Josh also has actor credits in 3 TV shows, 8 short films, and a dozen commercials, and is an accomplished writer and director, having directed two documentaries and several narrative shorts. He is excited to bring the role of Donald to life in It's Alright Now, which will be Josh's feature film debut. Man 'N' Black Episode 3: Week 6 college football recap! Miami Hurricanes doesn't take a knee Who would win the Heisman if the season ended today? Todd Blackledge sings like King Louie!!

I spend way too much time trying to figure out how fundamentalist, conservative White folks become enlightened and caring of the world around them. We may never know, but meeting Tim Cooper has given me hope. Tim deconverted slowly over time and taught himself to interrogate first his faith and then his worldview. And in a relatively short time, he has become an incredible human being, far from his religious and White-centered past. As recently as 2022, he was still trying to live as a christian, but no more. After going to Masters College, he asked all the questions even as he repeatedly doubled down on his faith. And then he decided to stop doubling down. And the world is better for it. Sketch-Alert: After hearing Tim talk about how Masters is known as a school that is "serious" about the bible, I let some King Louie inspire me to come up with a sketch based on Monty Python moments. A bunch of christian college admins go on a talk show to decide whose school is the most serious about the bible. CONTENT WARNING: The usual offensive material we are known for. Chapel Probation is part of the Dauntless Media Collective Join the Dauntless Media Discord for more conversation with all the podcast communities. Scott's book, Asian-American-Apostate- Losing Religion and Finding Myself at an Evangelical University is available now! Music by Scott Okamoto, Jenyi, Azeem Khan, and Shin Kawasaki and Wingo Shackleford Join the Chapel Probation Patreon  to support Scott and for bonus content.  Join the Chapel Probation Facebook group to continue the conversations. Follow Scott on Instagram and Twitter and Substack You can subscribe to Scott's newsletter and learn more about the book, the blog, and performances at rscottokamoto.com --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/scott-okamoto/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/scott-okamoto/support

We have once again returned, dear listener, to the time of the year where we celebrate all of the scariest things that game shows have to offer. This year we have definitely stepped it up a notch, because what's scarier than ghosts, skeletons, zombies, or any other traditional Halloween monster? Being naked in the jungle with a stranger for 21 days, of course. Zach wants to King Louie, Jared wants to Shere Kahn, and Adam wants to Kaa. Talking Points Include: Stop On In For A Broom, Bathe For This, A Dora Style Map, Go Go Gadget Corkscrew Dick, The Blade Cave, Jane Goodall's Moving Company, Lo-fi Kaa

It 18th century rural France and there is a beast terrorising the town of Gevaudan, causing the death and maiming of hundreds of villagers. This thing is thought to be nothing anyone has ever seen before and becomes so famous that even King Louie gets involved. What was the beast and how could it evade capture for so long? Intro/outro "Sugar Sugar" by Fast Lady

Today Johnnie is joined by Michael Goff of King Louie's Meat Apostles. It's been a while since his last visit to the show, the guys catch up on everything Michael has got going on including the new products in his line, things he's working on and his involvement in High School BBQ!   Check Out King Louie's Meat Apostles: https://www.meatapostles.com/ Check Out High School BBQ League: https://www.highschoolbbqleague.com/     Magnechef Link: https://magnechef.com/ For 10% Off Your Order use promo Code: FREEDOM LIVES      Follow / Watch / Listen to Us On: Podbean: https://pitlifebbq.podbean.com/   YouTube: Pit Life BBQ: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8kA... Johnny Mags BBQ BBQ: https://youtube.com/channel/UCLjxKXL6... Facebook: Pit Life BBQ: https://www.facebook.com/PitLifeBBQ Pit Life BBQ group page: https://www.facebook.com/groups/18136... New England Pitmasters: https://www.facebook.com/groups/newen...   Instagram:  @johnniehd77     @pitlifebbq Join us at the BBQ Pit. The Pit Life BBQ is a member of the United Podcast Network and is recorded live in front of a studio audience at the Studio 21 Podcast Café upstairs at Two Guys Smoke Shop in Salem, NH. Every Tuesday @ 5pm.   #Kinglouiesmeatapostles #bbqpit #Pitlifebbq #bbq #magnechef #bbqmeat #bbqcompetition  

Travel deep into the jungles of India with the Quartet of Chaos to break down the Studios 19th feature length animated film "The Jungle Book". Alongside a special guest, Distracted's very own Dad, they'll swing with King Louie, endure Hathi's inspection, and live the 'bear necessities' with Baloo while looking deeper into the movie. This podcast episode is gone, solid gone!

Dando, Guy & Jim Cummings...together at last! Listen to the show now via Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeart Radio or wherever you find your podcasts. Also available at spreaker.com/show/toond-in-with-jim-cummings===If you were born in the late 80s/early 90s, there's a good chance that Jim Cummings was “the voice of your childhood.” With a career spanning 40 years, Cummings has voiced iconic characters such as Winnie the Pooh, Tigger, Darkwing Duck, Taz, Ray the Firefly, Hondo Ohnaka, Bonkers D. Bobcat, Pete, King Louie, Cheshire Cat and Shredder, just to name a few.Now fans can relive their childhood, courtesy of Cummings' exciting new podcast, Toon'd In! with Jim Cummings. With a blend of character deep-dives, Q&A shows with fans, as well as conversations with some of the biggest names in pop-culture, Toon'd In! provides fans with exclusive insights and never-before-heard stories.Of course, the show's first episode focuses on arguably Cummings' most iconic role, the honey-loving Winnie the Pooh, detailing how he landed and perfected the voice back in the late 80s.Next week's show will be a character spotlight on Cummings' most popular contribution to the Star Wars universe, Hondo Ohnaka (available now, early and ad-free on Patreon).Thanks to the incredible journey that has been Cummings' voice-acting career, he's been fortunate enough to befriend the who's who of the animation world, with legendary voice-actor Billy West set to be the first guest to sit down for a chat on the Toon'd In! podcast. Cummings has partnered up with Brendan Dando and Guy Davis of Australia's Four Finger Discount podcast network, who will be co-hosting the show alongside Jim and his step-son Christopher Judge, who is also serving in a producer role.Toon'd In! will also offer a range of Exclusive Bonus Content on the show's Patreon channel, including audio commentaries of classic Disney Afternoons cartoons, hosted by Jim and his characters. Already available is a Darkwing Dark commentary, featuring “the terror that flaps in the night” himself, Darkwing Duck!So take a trip back to a simpler time and SUBSCRIBE to Toon'd In! with Jim Cummings, available now via Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeart Radio or wherever you find your podcasts. New episodes will be available every Monday.Be sure to follow Toon'd In! on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube via @jimcummingspodThis show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/5828977/advertisement

Dre Marro is back with another lyricalDisplaying his latest single release, “Legacy”. With production once again handled by the creative and talented Colossal Mind, Dre weaves in and out with numerous flow patterns, multi-syllabic rhyme schemes, and even some bars in Spanish showcasing his versatility. Conjuring the fight and energy of a world champion kickboxer, the Midwest lyricist sends shots at anyone who has ever cast aspersions and/or doubts about his career and as stated in the song title itself, his legacy. Along with being a respected hip-hop artist, Dre Marro is notably known as an Event Promoter, and Media Personality who has played a major influence in the Southeastern Wisconsin & Chicagoland area hip-hop circuit. Opening for former Terror Squad member Cuban Link at the 36th annual Fiesta Patronales Puertorriqueñas Festival in Humboldt Park, Chicago, IL in 2018 and following that up the very next year by headlining at The Black Las Vegas Food Festival on the Raw Remedies Stage hosted by Bar University TV & Blackbook Media in 2019, Dre has been a consistent voice in underground hip hop. In late 2021, Dre Marro's biggest event to date was co-headlining alongside respected Chicago Drill artist King Louie in Racine, WI at the Roma Lodge. The past few years have been a defining time for Dre Marro, since first working with producer and artist Colossal Mind. Both respected artists have released collaborative singles such as “Midwest Mayhem”, “The Bounce” and “Saving Grace” as well a joint EP “The Talent Show”. “Legacy” has marked a new beginning and a very dominant year for Dre Marro, making a very strong and clear statement.

Schwab and Suds get together to recap the last two weeks of White Sox baseball. We give live reactions to the game one victory in Cincy and the sweep that could have been against the Twins. Schwab shares his thoughts on the roster overhaul. Suds talks on why King Louie is still in the doghouse despite the recent hot streak and reads an email from an upset Sox fan to Rosemary Rick. We have some reinforcements on the way, but that means there may be some tough roster moves ahead.Sit Back, Relax, and Strap It Down.White Sox Baseball

Nick, owner of Flawless Diamonds Co is here! We worked together years ago so it was great to catch up! Nick talks about going to nursing school, working at the nursing home, working for himself, ADT sales, AT&T, and Flathau Enterprises. Nick explains diamonds and creating pieces. Names mentioned on this episode: NLE Choppa, King Louie, Lil Reece, Jayson Tatum, Tank Davis, Lil Durk, Drake, Lizzo, Dwight Howard, Flavor Flav, Khloe Kardashian, Kim Kardashian, Scott Disick, Kylie Jenner and Travis.Spring Sip info: https://business.mchenrychamber.com/events/details/spring-sip-2023-24962This podcast uses the following third-party services for analysis: Podcorn - https://podcorn.com/privacy

Hello dear listeners!!! In this episode Nohemi and I bring you science facts, a little... gross anatomy facts about King Louie, and we bring back.... VERSE OF THE DAY!! Stay blessed everyone!

In this advent message, Pastor Louie emphasizes a few major components of the story of Jesus' birth; that the story—that Jesus is King—has global significance, it is staunchly opposed by the darkness, and it ends with every knee bowing to King Jesus. Let the "Wise" people seek Him today, family, because He is who He says He is. VERSES // Matthew 2:1-11, Matthew 1:16-17, Acts 2:22-24, Philippians 2:6-11, Revelation 11:15-19 — With Passion City Online, you can join us every Sunday live at 9:30a and 11:45a, and our gatherings are available on-demand starting at 7p! Join us at https://passioncitychurch.com — Subscribe to our channel to see more messages from Passion City Church: https://www.youtube.com/passioncitychurch1 — Looking for content for your Kids? Subscribe to our Passion Kids Channel: https://passion.link/passionkidsonline — If you would like to give to our house, visit https://passioncitychurch.com/give/ — Check out Passion's books, music, and more at https://passionresources.com/ — At Passion City Church, we believe that because God has displayed the ultimate sacrifice in Jesus, our response to that in worship must be extravagant. It is our privilege, and our created purpose, to reflect God's Glory to Him through our praise, our sacrifice, and our song. — Follow Passion City Church: https://www.instagram.com/passioncity/ Follow Louie Giglio: https://www.instagram.com/louiegiglio Passion City Church is a Jesus church with locations in Atlanta and Washington D.C.

Andres Alejandro Gamarro Bran known professionally as “Dre Marro”  is an American Hip Hop recording artist, Event Promoter, & Media Personality.   Mainly based in the Midwest,   Dre is a highly respected lyricist and independent artist who has had a major influence in the Chicagoland area as well as the southeastern Wisconsin hip-hop scene. Dre Marro has showcased his ability to work alongside established hip hop greats such as Mickey Factz demonstrated through their collaborative single in 2019 entitled “The Game” In May of 2021 Dre Marro officially became a Grind Mode Cypher Affiliate being featured in three tracks. (Secret Sessions Vol. 19, Dreamz Vol. 2, & Ace Studio Vol. 2) In the fall of 2021 Dre Marro was also a co-headliner alongside respected Chicago Drill artist King Louie in Racine, WI at the Roma Lodge. Dre Marro's music has been played on multiple radio outlets such as 88.3 FM the Wzrd Chicago, Power 92.3 FM Chicago, and many online radio outlets including Determined Radio, The Orchestration Radio, RL1 Rocklan One Radio station on Apple Music & Shade 45 XM, among many others. With the release of “Midwest Mayhem” & “The Bounce” in 2021 as well as a joint EP, “The Talent Show” Dre Marro cemented his relationship with producer and artist Colossal Mind also known as Mitchell Owens. For the majority of 2022, Dre spent most of his time with family to try and maintain a good work/life balance meanwhile challenging himself to create an authentic and new sound. The latest collaborative single “Saving Grace” between the duo of Dre Marro & Colossal Mind is set for release on January 1st, 2023 to kick off the new upcoming year.

Interview by Manny Akiio https://www.instagram.com/mannyakiio Recently we linked with Chicago rapper Rickey Rackzz for an exclusive “Off The Porch” interview! During our conversation he talked about life in Chicago, jumping off the porch, shares a story of somebody trying to rob him who got killed by his friend, going to college, explains why he dropped out, starting to rap when he was at college, being influenced by King Louie & Young Thug, his close relationship with Polo G, knowing Polo's career was going to take off, his thoughts not he rap game right now, making entertaining music videos, the concept for his music videos “Dapped Up”,  “Flipping Birds”, “Juiced Up”, his next single, his grind as an independent artist, and much more!

Surprise episode! Recorded last night in the midst of a very surprising Election Day here in America, Joe - and moreover Sarah - goes through the emotions of a rollercoaster ride for the Democrats and Republicans in what broadly could have been the final day for democracy as we know it. And all that takes place against the backdrop of a somewhat unsuccessful discussion of Disney's 1967 classic The Jungle Book, as the hosts sporadically attempt to extol the virtues of the animated musical while commenting on the returns as they roll in from across the country. With cameos from Hershel Walker, Kamala Harris, King Louie, Ron DeSantis, AOC, Beyonce, Gretchen Whitmer, Baloo, Steve Kornacki, Beto O'Rourke, Robin Hood and Little John, Chuck Grassley, Kay Ivey, JB Pritzker, Mowgli, Stacey Abrams, Colonel Hathi, JD Vance, Walt Disney, and many more, plus an intro from LBJ himself, this wild episode is one highly unlikely to be replicated (before November 5th, 2024, anyway!).

Brian Potter is the author of the excellent Construction Physics blog, where he discusses why the construction industry has been slow to industrialize and innovate.He explains why:* Construction isn't getting cheaper and faster,* We should have mile-high buildings and multi-layer non-intersecting roads,* “Ugly” modern buildings are simply the result of better architecture,* China is so great at building things,* Saudi Arabia's Line is a waste of resources,* Environmental review makes new construction expensive and delayed,* and much much more!Watch on YouTube. Listen on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or any other podcast platform. Read the full transcript here.Follow me on Twitter for updates on future episodes.More really cool guests coming up; subscribe to find out about future episodes!You may also enjoy my interviews with Tyler Cowen (about talent, collapse, & pessimism of sex). Charles Mann (about the Americas before Columbus & scientific wizardry), and Austin Vernon about (Energy Superabundance, Starship Missiles, & Finding Alpha).If you end up enjoying this episode, I would be super grateful if you share it, post it on Twitter, send it to your friends & group chats, and throw it up wherever else people might find it. Can't exaggerate how much it helps a small podcast like mine.A huge thanks to Graham Bessellieu for editing this podcast and Mia Aiyana for producing its transcript.Timestamps(0:00) - Why Saudi Arabia's Line is Insane, Unrealistic, and Never going to Exist (06:54) - Designer Clothes & eBay Arbitrage Adventures (10:10) - Unique Woes of The Construction Industry  (19:28) - The Problems of Prefabrication (26:27) - If Building Regulations didn't exist… (32:20) - China's Real Estate Bubble, Unbound Technocrats, & Japan(44:45) - Automation and Revolutionary Future Technologies (1:00:51) - 3D Printer Pessimism & The Rising Cost of Labour(1:08:02) - AI's Impact on Construction Productivity(1:17:53) - Brian Dreams of Building a Mile High Skyscraper(1:23:43) - Deep Dive into Environmentalism and NEPA(1:42:04) - Software is Stealing Talent from Physical Engineering(1:47:13) - Gaps in the Blog Marketplace of Ideas(1:50:56) - Why is Modern Architecture So Ugly?(2:19:58) - Advice for Aspiring Architects and Young Construction PhysicistsTranscriptWhy Saudi Arabia's Line is Insane, Unrealistic, and Never going to Exist Dwarkesh Patel Today, I have the pleasure of speaking with Brian Potter, who is an engineer and the author of the excellent Construction Physics blog, where he writes about how the construction industry works and why it has been slow to industrialize and innovate. It's one of my favorite blogs on the internet, and I highly, highly recommend that people check it out. Brian, my first question is about The Line project in Saudi Arabia. What are your opinions? Brian Potter It's interesting how Saudi Arabia and countries in the Middle East, in general, are willing to do these big, crazy, ambitious building projects and pour huge amounts of money into constructing this infrastructure in a way that you don't see a huge amount in the modern world. China obviously does this too in huge amounts, some other minor places do as well, but in general, you don't see a whole lot of countries building these big, massive, incredibly ambitious projects. So on that level, it's interesting, and it's like, “Yes, I'm glad to see that you're doing this,” but the actual project is clearly insane and makes no sense. Look at the physical arrangement layout–– there's a reason cities grow in two dimensions. A one-dimensional city is the worst possible arrangement for transportation. It's the maximum amount of distance between any two points. So just from that perspective, it's clearly crazy, and there's no real benefit to it other than perhaps some weird hypothetical transportation situation where you had really fast point-to-point transportation. It would probably be some weird bullet train setup; maybe that would make sense. But in general, there's no reason to build a city like that. Even if you wanted to build an entirely enclosed thing (which again doesn't make a huge amount of sense), you would save so much material and effort if you just made it a cube. I would be more interested in the cube than the line. [laughs] But yeah, those are my initial thoughts on it. I will be surprised if it ever gets built. Dwarkesh Patel Are you talking about the cube from the meme about how you can put all the humans in the world in a cube the size of Manhattan? Brian Potter Something like that. If you're just going to build this big, giant megastructure, at least take advantage of what that gets you, which is minimum surface area to volume ratio.Dwarkesh Patel Why is that important? Would it be important for temperature or perhaps other features? Brian Potter This is actually interesting because I'm actually not sure how sure it would work with a giant single city. In general, a lot of economies of scale come from geometric effects. When something gets bigger, your volume increases a lot faster than your surface area does. So for something enclosed, like a tank or a pipe, the cost goes down per thing of unit you're transporting because you can carry a larger amount or a smaller amount of material. It applies to some extent with buildings and construction because the exterior wall assembly is a really burdensome, complicated, and expensive assembly. A building with a really big floor plate, for instance, can get more area per unit, per amount of exterior wall. I'm not sure how that actually works with a single giant enclosed structure because, theoretically, on a small level, it would apply the same way. Your climate control is a function of your exterior surface, at some level, and you get more efficient climate control if you have a larger volume and less area that it can escape from. But for a giant city, I actually don't know if that works, and it may be worse because you're generating so much heat that it's now harder to pump out. For examples like the urban heat island effect, where these cities generate massive amounts of waste heat, I don't know if that would work if it didn't apply the same way. I'm trying to reach back to my physics classes in college, so I'm not sure about the actual mechanics of that. Generally though, that's why you'd want to perhaps build something of this size and shape. Dwarkesh Patel What was the thought process behind designing this thing? Because Scott Alexander had a good blog post about The Line where he said, presumably, that The Line is designed to take up less space and to use less fuel because you can just use the same transportation across. But the only thing that Saudi Arabia has is space and fuel. So what is the thought process behind this construction project? Brian PotterI get the sense that a lot of committees have some amount of success in building big, impressive, physical construction projects that are an attraction just by virtue of their size and impressiveness. A huge amount of stuff in Dubai is something in this category, and they have that giant clock tower in Jeddah, the biggest giant clock building and one of the biggest buildings in the world, or something like that. I think, on some level, they're expecting that you would just see a return from building something that's really impressive or “the biggest thing on some particular axis”. So to some extent, I think they're just optimizing for big and impressive and maybe not diving into it more than that. There's this theory that I think about every so often. It's called the garbage can theory of organizational decision-making, which basically talks about how the choices that organizations make are not the result of any particular recent process. They are the result of how, whenever a problem comes up, people reach into the garbage can of potential solutions. Then whatever they pull out of the garbage can, that's the decision that they end up going with, regardless of how much sense it makes. It was a theory that was invented by academics to describe decision-making in academia. I think about that a lot, especially with reference to big bureaucracies and governments. You can just imagine the draining process of how these decisions evolve. Any random decision can be made, especially when there's such a disconnect between the decision-makers and technical knowledge.Designer Clothes & eBay Arbitrage Adventures Dwarkesh PatelTell me about your eBay arbitrage with designer clothes. Brian Potter Oh man, you really did dive deep. Yeah, so this was a small business that I ran seven or eight years ago at this point. A hobby of mine was high-end men's fashion for a while, which is a very strange hobby for an engineer to have, but there you go. That hobby centers around finding cheap designer stuff, because buying new can be overwhelmingly expensive. However, a lot of times, you can get clothes for a very cheap price if you're even a little bit motivated. Either it shows up on eBay, or it shows up in thrift stores if you know what to look for. A lot of these clothes can last because they're well-made. They last a super, super, super long time–– even if somebody wore it for 10 years or something, it could be fine. So a lot of this hobby centered around finding ways to get really nice clothes cheaply. Majority of it was based around eBay, but it was really tedious to find really nice stuff on eBay. You had to manually search for a bunch of different brands, filter out the obviously bad ones, search for typos in brands, put in titles, and stuff like that. I was in the process of doing this, and I thought, “Oh, this is really annoying. I should figure out a way to automate this process.” So I made a very simple web app where when you searched for shoes or something, it would automatically search the very nice brands of shoes and all the typos of the brand name. Then it would just filter out all the junk and let you search through the good stuff. I set up an affiliate system, basically. So anybody else that used it, I would get a kick of the sales. While I was interested in that hobby, I ran this website for a few years, and it was reasonably successful. It was one of the first things I did that got any real traction on the internet, but it was never successful in proportion to how much effort it took to maintain and update it. So as I moved away from the hobby, I eventually stopped putting time and effort into maintaining the website. I'm curious as to how you even dug that up. Dwarkesh Patel I have a friend who was with you at the Oxford Refugees Conference, Connor Tabarrok. I don't know if you remember him. Brian Potter Nice. Dwarkesh Patel Yeah. Finding other information about you on the internet was quite difficult actually. You've somehow managed to maintain your anonymity. If you're willing to reveal, what was the P&L of this project? Brian Potter Oh, it made maybe a few hundred dollars a month for a few years, but I only ever ran it as a side hobby business, basically. So in terms of time per my effort or whatever, I'm sure it was very low. Pennies to an hour or something like that. Unique Woes of The Construction Industry   Dwarkesh Patel A broad theme that I've gotten from your post is that the construction industry is plagued with these lossy feedback loops, a lack of strong economies of scale, regulation, and mistakes being very costly. Do you think that this is a general characteristic of many industries in our world today, or is there something unique about construction? Brian Potter Interesting question. One thing you think of is that there are a lot of individual factors that are not unique at all. Construction is highly regulated, but it's not necessarily more regulated than medical devices or jet travel, or even probably cars, to some extent, which have a whole vat of performance criteria they need to hit. With a couple of things like land use, for example, people say, “Oh, the land requirements, could you build it on-site,” explaining how those kinds of things make it difficult. But there is a lot that falls into this category that doesn't really share the same structure of how the construction industry works.I think it's the interaction of all those effects. One thing that I think is perhaps underappreciated is that the systems of a building are really highly coupled in a way that a lot of other things are. If you're manufacturing a computer, the hard drive is somewhat independent from the display and somewhat independent from the power supply. These things are coupled, but they can be built by independent people who don't necessarily even talk to each other before being assembled into one structured thing. A building is not really like that at all. Every single part affects every single other part. In some ways, it's like biology. So it's very hard to change something that doesn't end up disrupting something else. Part of that is because a job's building is to create a controlled interior environment, meaning, every single system has to run through and around the surfaces that are creating that controlled interior. Everything is touching each other. Again, that's not unique. Anything really highly engineered, like a plane or an iPhone, share those characteristics to some extent. In terms of the size of it and the relatively small amount you're paying in terms of unit size or unit mass, however, it's quite low. Dwarkesh Patel Is transportation cost the fundamental reason you can't have as much specialization and modularity?Brian Potter Yeah, I think it's really more about just the way a building is. An example of this would be how for the electrical system of your house, you can't have a separate box where if you needed to replace the electrical system, you could take the whole box out and put the new box in. The electrical system runs through the entire house. Same with plumbing. Same with the insulation. Same with the interior finishes and stuff like that. There's not a lot of modularity in a physical sense. Dwarkesh Patel Gotcha. Ben Kuhn  had this interesting comment on your article where he pointed out that many of the reasons you give for why it's hard to innovate in construction, like sequential dependencies and the highly variable delivery timelines are also common in software where Ben Koon works. So why do you think that the same sort of stagnation has not hit other industries that have superficially similar characteristics, like software? Brian Potter How I think about that is that you kind of see a similar structure in anything that's project-based or anything where there's an element of figuring out what you're doing while you're doing it. Compared to a large-scale manufacturing option where you spend a lot of time figuring out what exactly it is that you're building. You spend a lot of time designing it to be built and do your first number of runs through it, then you tweak your process to make it more efficient. There's always an element of tweaking it to make it better, but to some extent, the process of figuring out what you're doing is largely separate from the actual doing of it yourself. For a project-based industry, it's not quite like that. You have to build your process on the fly. Of course, there are best practices that shape it, right? For somebody writing a new software project or anything project-based, like making a movie, they have a rough idea for how it's going to go together. But there's going to be a lot of unforeseen things that kind of come up like that. The biggest difference is that either those things can often scale in a way that you can't with a building. Once you're done with the software project, you can deploy it to 1,000 or 100,000, or 1 million people, right? Once you finish making a movie, 100 million people can watch it or whatever. It doesn't quite look the same with a building. You don't really have the ability to spend a lot of time upfront figuring out how this thing needs to go. You kind of need to figure out a way to get this thing together without spending a huge amount of time that would be justified by the sheer size of it. I was able to dig up a few references for software projects and how often they just have these big, long tails. Sometimes they just go massively, massively over budget. A lot of times, they just don't get completed at all, which is shocking, but because of how many people it can then be deployed to after it's done, the economics of it are slightly different. Dwarkesh Patel I see, yeah. There's a famous law in software that says that a project will take longer than you expect even after you recount for the fact that it will take longer than you expect. Brian Potter Yeah. Hofstadter's law or something like that is what I think it is. Dwarkesh Patel Yeah. I'm curious about what the lack of skill in construction implies for startups. Famously, in software, the fact that there's zero marginal cost to scaling to the next customer is a huge boon to a startup, right? The entire point of which is scaling exponentially. Does that fundamentally constrain the size and quantity of startups you can have in construction if the same scaling is not available?Brian Potter Yeah, that's a really good question. The obvious first part of the answer is that for software, obviously, if you have a construction software company, you can scale it just like any other software business. For physical things, it is a lot more difficult. This lack of zero marginal cost has tended to fight a lot of startups, not just construction ones. But yeah, it's definitely a thing. Construction is particularly brutal because the margins are so low. The empirical fact is that trying what would be a more efficient method of building doesn't actually allow you to do it cheaper and get better margins. The startup that I used to work at, Katerra, their whole business model was basically predicated on that. “Oh, we'll just build all our buildings in these big factories, get huge economies of scale, reduce our costs, and then recoup the billions of dollars that we're pumping into this industry or business.” The math just does not work out. You can't build. In general, you can't build cheap enough to kind of recoup those giant upfront costs. A lot of businesses have been burned that way. The most success you see in prefabrication type of stuff is on the higher end of things where you can get higher margins. A lot of these prefab companies and stuff like that tend to target the higher end of the market, and you see a few different premiums for that. Obviously, if you're targeting the higher end, you're more likely to have higher margins. If you're building to a higher level of quality, that's easier to do in a factory environment. So the delta is a lot different, less enormous than it would be. Building a high level of quality is easier to do in a factory than it is in the field, so a lot of buildings or houses that are built to a really high level of energy performance, for instance, need a really, really high level of air sealing to minimize how much energy this house uses. You tend to see a lot more houses like that built out of prefab construction and other factory-built methods because it's just physically more difficult to achieve that on-site. The Problems of Prefabrication Dwarkesh Patel Can you say more about why you can't use prefabrication in a factory to get economies of scale? Is it just that the transportation costs will eat away any gains you get? What is going on? Brian PotterThere's a combination of effects. I haven't worked through all this, we'll have to save this for the next time. I'll figure it out more by then. At a high level, it's that basically the savings that you get from like using less labor or whatever is not quite enough to offset your increased transportation costs. One thing about construction, especially single-family home construction, is that a huge percentage of your costs are just the materials that you're using, right? A single-family home is roughly 50% labor and 50% materials for the construction costs. Then you have development costs, land costs, and things like that. So a big chunk of that, you just can't move to the factory at all, right?  You can't really build a foundation in a factory. You could prefab the foundation, but it doesn't gain you anything. Your excavation still has to be done on-site, obviously. So a big chunk can't move to the factory at all. For ones that can, you still basically have to pay the same amount for materials. Theoretically, if you're building truly huge volume, you could get material volume discounts, but even then, it's probably not looking at things like asset savings. So you can cut out a big chunk of your labor costs, and you do see that in factory-built construction, right? These prefab companies are like mobile home companies. They have a small fraction of labor as their costs, which is typical of a factory in general, but then they take out all that labor cost while they still have their high material costs, and then they have overhead costs of whatever the factory has cost them. Then you have your additional overhead cost of just transporting it to site, which is pretty limited. The math does not really work out in favor of prefab, in terms of being able to make the cost of building dramatically cheaper. You can obviously build a building in a prefab using prefab-free methods and build a successful construction business, right? Many people do. But in terms of dramatically lowering your costs, you don't really see that. Dwarkesh Patel Yeah, yeah. Austin Vernon has an interesting blog post about why there's not more prefabricated homes. The two things he points out were transportation costs, and the other one was that people prefer to have homes that have unique designs or unique features. When I was reading it, it actually occurred to me that maybe they're actually both the result of the same phenomenon. I don't know if I'm pronouncing it correctly, but have you heard of the Alchian-Allen theorem in economics? Brian Potter Maybe, but I don't think so. Dwarkesh Patel Basically, it's the idea that if you increase the cost of some category of goods in a fixed way––let's say you tax oranges and added a $1 tax to all oranges, or transportation for oranges gets $1 more expensive for all oranges––people will shift consumption towards the higher grade variety because now, the ratio of the cost between the higher, the more expensive orange and the less expensive orange has decreased because of the increase in fixed costs. It seems like you could use that argument to also explain why people have strong preferences for uniqueness and all kinds of design in manufactured houses. Since transportation costs are so high, that's basically a fixed cost, and that fixed cost has the effect of making people shift consumption towards higher-grade options. I definitely think that's true. Brian PotterI would maybe phrase this as, “The construction industry makes it relatively comparatively cheap to deliver a highly customized option compared to a really repetitive option.” So yeah, the ratio between a highly customized one and just a commodity one is relatively small. So you see a kind of industry built around delivering somewhat more customized options. I do think that this is a pretty broad intuition that people just desire too much customization from their homes. That really prevents you from having a mass-produced offering. I do think that is true to some extent. One example is the Levittown houses, which were originally built in huge numbers–– exactly the same model over and over again. Eventually, they had to change their business model to be able to deliver more customized options because the market shipped it. I do think that the effect of that is basically pretty overstated. Empirically, you see that in practice, home builders and developers will deliver fairly repetitive housing. They don't seem to have a really hard time doing that. As an example, I'm living in a new housing development that is just like three or four different houses copy-pasted over and over again in a group of 50. The developer is building a whole bunch of other developments that are very similar in this area. My in-laws live in a very similar development in a whole different state. If you just look like multi-family or apartment housing, it's identical apartments, you know, copy-pasted over and over again in the same building or a bunch of different buildings in the same development. You're not seeing huge amounts of uniqueness in these things. People are clearly willing to just live in these basically copy-pasted apartments. It's also quite possible to get a pretty high amount of product variety using a relatively small number of factors that you vary, right? I mean, the car industry is like this, where there are enough customization options. I was reading this book a while ago that was basically pushing back against the idea that the car industry pre-fifties and sixties we just offering a very uniform product. They basically did the math, and the number of customization options on their car was more than the atoms in the universe. Basically just, there are so many different options. All the permutations, you know, leather seats and this type of stereo and this type of engine, if you add it all up, there's just a huge, massive number of different combinations. Yeah, you can obviously customize the house a huge amount, just by the appliances that you have and the finishes that are in there and the paint colors that you choose and the fixtures and stuff like that. It would not really theoretically change the underlying way the building comes together. So regarding the idea that the fundamental demand for variety is a major obstruction, I don't think there's a whole lot of evidence for that in the construction industry. If Construction Regulation Vanished… Dwarkesh Patel I asked Twitter about what I should ask you, and usually, I don't get interesting responses but the quality of the people and the audience that knows who you are was so high that actually, all the questions I got were fascinating. So I'm going to ask you some questions from Twitter. Brian Potter Okay. Dwarkesh Patel 0:26:45Connor Tabarrok asks, “What is the most unique thing that would or should get built in the absence of construction regulation?”Brian Potter Unique is an interesting qualifier. There are a lot of things that just like should get built, right? Massive amounts of additional housing and creating more lands in these really dense urban environments where we need it, in places like San Francisco–– just fill in a big chunk of that bay. It's basically just mud flat and we should put more housing on it. “Unique thing” is more tricky. One idea that I really like (I read this in the book, The Book Where's My Flying Car),  is that it's basically crazy that our cities are designed with roads that all intersect with each other. That's an insane way to structure a material flow problem. Any sane city would be built with multiple layers of like transportation where each one went in a different direction so your flows would just be massively, massively improved. That just seems like a very obvious one.If you're building your cities from scratch and had your druthers, you would clearly want to build them and know how big they were gonna get, right? So you could plan very long-term in a way that so these transportation systems didn't intersect with each other, which, again, almost no cities did. You'd have the space to scale them or run as much throughput through them as you need without bringing the whole system to a halt. There's a lot of evidence saying that cities tend to scale based on how much you can move from point A to point B through them. I do wonder whether if you changed the way they went together, you could unlock massively different cities. Even if you didn't unlock massive ones, you could perhaps change the agglomeration effects that you see in cities if people could move from point A to point B much quicker than they currently can. Dwarkesh Patel Yeah, I did an episode about the book, where's my flying car with Rohit Krishnan. I don't know if we discussed this, but an interesting part of the book is where he talks about transistor design. If you design transistors this way, can you imagine how slow they would be? [laughs] Okay, so Simon Grimm asks, “What countries are the best at building things?”Brian Potter This is a good question. I'm going to sort of cheat a little bit and do it in terms of space and time, because I think most countries that are doing a good job at building massive amounts of stuff are not ones that are basically doing it currently.The current answer is like China, where they just keep building–– more concrete was used in the last 20 years or so than the entire world used in the time before that, right? They've accomplished massive amounts of urbanization, and built a lot of really interesting buildings and construction. In terms of like raw output, I would also put Japan in the late 20th century on there. At the peak of the concern and wonder of “Is Japan gonna take over the world?”, they were really interested in building stuff quite quickly. They spent a lot of time and effort trying to use their robotics expertise to try to figure out how to build buildings a lot more quickly. They had these like really interesting factories that were designed to basically extrude an entire skyscraper just going up vertically.All these big giant companies and many different factories were trying to develop and trying to do this with robotics. It was a really interesting system that did not end up ever making economic sense, but it is very cool. I think big industrial policy organs of the government basically encouraged a lot of these industrial companies to basically develop prefabricated housing systems. So you see a lot of really interesting systems developed from these sort of industrial companies in a way that you don't see in a lot of other places. From 1850 to maybe 1970 (like a hundred years or something), the US was building huge massive amounts of stuff in a way that lifted up huge parts of the economy, right? I don't know how many thousands of miles of railroad track the US built between like 1850 and 1900, but it was many, many, many thousands of miles of it. Ofcourse, needing to lay all this track and build all these locomotives really sort of forced the development of the machine tool industry, which then led to the development of like better manufacturing methods and interchangeable parts, which of course then led to the development of the automotive industry. Then ofcourse, that explosion just led to even more big giant construction projects. So you really see that this ability to build just big massive amounts of stuff in this virtuous cycle with the US really advanced a lot of technology to raise the standard of development for a super long period of time. So those are my three answers. China's Real Estate Bubble, Unbound Technocrats, and JapanDwarkesh Patel Those three bring up three additional questions, one for each of them! That's really interesting. Have you read The Power Broker, the book about Robert Moses? Brian Potter I think I got a 10th of the way through it. Dwarkesh Patel That's basically a whole book in itself, a 10th of the way. [laughs] I'm a half of the way through, and so far it's basically about the story of how this one guy built a startup within the New York state government that was just so much more effective at building things, didn't have the same corruption and clientelism incompetence. Maybe it turns into tragedy in the second half, but so far it's it seems like we need this guy. Where do we get a second Robert Moses? Do you think that if you had more people like that in government or in construction industries, public works would be more effectively built or is the stagnation there just a result of like other bigger factors? Brian Potter That's an interesting question. I remember reading this article a while ago that was complaining about how horrible Penn Station is in New York. They're basically saying, “Yeah, it would be nice to return to the era of like the sort of unbound technocrat” when these technical experts in high positions of power in government could essentially do whatever they wanted to some extent. If they thought something should be built somewhere, they basically had the power to do it. It's a facet of this problem of how it's really, really hard to get stuff built in the US currently. I'm sure that a part of it is that you don't see these really talented technocrats occupy high positions of government where they can get stuff done. But it's not super obvious to me whether that's the limiting factor. I kind of get the sense that they would end up being bottlenecked by some other part of the process. The whole sort of interlocking set of institutions has just become so risk averse that they would end up just being blocked in a way that they wouldn't when they were operating in the 1950s or 1960s.Dwarkesh Patel Yeah, yeah, that's interesting. All right, so speaking of Japan, I just recently learned about the construction there and how they just keep tearing stuff down every 30 to 40 years and rebuilding it. So you have an interesting series of posts on how you would go about building a house or a building that lasts for a thousand years. But I'm curious, how would you build a house or a building that only lasts for 30 or 40 years? If you're building in Japan and you know they're gonna tear it down soon, what changes about the construction process? Brian Potter Yeah, that's interesting. I mean, I'm not an expert on Japanese construction, but I think like a lot of their interior walls are basically just paper and stuff like that. I actually think it's kind of surprising that last time I looked, for a lot of their homes, they use a surprising post and beam construction method, which is actually somewhat labor-intensive to do. The US in the early 1800s used a pretty similar method. Then once we started mass producing conventional lumber, we stopped doing that because it was much cheaper to build out of two-by-fours than it was to build big heavy posts. I think the boring answer to that question is that we'd build like how we build mobile homes–– essentially just using pretty thin walls, pretty low-end materials that are put together in a minimal way. This ends up not being that different from the actual construction method that single-family homes use. It just even further economizes and tightens the use of materials–– where a single-family home might use a half inch plywood, they might try to use three-sixteenths or even an eighth inch plywood or something like that. So we'd probably build a pretty similar way to the way most single-family homes and multi-family homes are built currently, but just with even tighter use of materials which perhaps is something that's not super nice about the way that you guys build your homes. But... [laughs]Dwarkesh Patel Okay, so China is the third one here. There's been a lot of talk about a potential real estate bubble in China because they're building housing in places where people don't really need it. Of course, maybe the demographics aren't there to support the demand. What do you think of all this talk? I don't know if you're familiar with it, but is there a real estate bubble that's created by all this competence in building? Brian PotterOh, gosh, yeah, I have no idea. Like you, I've definitely heard talk of it and I've seen the little YouTube clips of them knocking down all these towers that it turns out they didn't need or the developer couldn't, finish or whatever. I don't know a huge amount about that. In general, I wish I knew a lot more about how things are built in China, but the information is in general, so opaque. I generally kind of assume that any particular piece of data that comes out of China has giant error bars on it as to whether it's true or not or what the context surrounding it is. So in general, I do not have a hard opinion about that. Dwarkesh Patel This is the second part of Simon's question, does greater competence and being able to build stuff translate into other good outcomes for these countries like higher GDP or lower rents or other kinds of foreign outcomes? Brian Potter That's a good question. Japan is an interesting place where basically people point to it as an example of, “Here's a country that builds huge amounts of housing and they don't have housing cost increases.” In general, we should expect that dynamic to be true. Right? There's no reason to not think that housing costs are essentially a supply-demand problem where if you built as much as people wanted, the cost would drop. I have no reason to not think that's true. There is a little bit of evidence that sort of suggests that it's impossible to build housing enough to overcome this sort of mechanical obstacle where the cost of it tends to match and rise to whatever people's income level are. The peak and the sort of flattening of housing costs in Japan also parallel when people basically stopped getting raises and income stopped rising in Japan. So I don't have a good sense of, if it ends up being just more driven by some sort of other factors. Generally though I expect the very basic answer of “If you build a lot more houses, the housing will become cheaper.”Dwarkesh PatelRight. Speaking of how the land keeps gaining value as people's income go up, what is your opinion on Georgism? Does that kind of try and make you think that housing is a special asset that needs to be more heavily taxed because you're not inherently doing something productive just by owning land the way you would be if you like built a company or something similar?Brian Potter I don't have any special deep knowledge of Georgism. It's on my list of topics to read more deeply about. I do think in general, taxing encourages you to produce less of something for something that you can't produce less of. It's a good avenue for something to tax more heavily. And yeah, obviously if you had a really high land value tax in these places that have a lot of single-family homes in dense urban areas, like Seattle or San Francisco, that would probably encourage people to use the land a lot more efficiently. So it makes sense to me, but I don't have a ton of special knowledge about it. Dwarkesh Patel All right, Ben Kuhn asked on Twitter, “What construction-related advice would you give to somebody building a new charter city?”Brian Potter That is interesting. I mean, just off the top of my head, I would be interested in whether you could really figure out a way to build using a method that had really high upfront costs. I think it could otherwise be justified, but if you're gonna build 10,000 buildings or whatever all at once, you could really take advantage of that. One kind of thing that you see in the sort of post-World War II era is that we're building huge massive amounts of housing, and a lot of times we're building them all in one place, right? A lot of town builders were building thousands and thousands of houses in one big development all at once. In California, it's the same thing, you just built like 6 or 10 or 15,000 houses in one big massive development. You end up seeing something like that where they basically build this like little factory on their construction site, and then use that to like fabricate all these things. Then you have something that's almost like a reverse assembly line where a crew will go to one house and install the walls or whatever, and then go to the next house and do the same thing. Following right behind them would be the guys doing the electrical system, plumbing, and stuff like that. So this reverse assembly line system would allow you to sort of get these things up really, really fast, in 30 days or something like that. Then you could have a whole house or just thousands and thousands of houses at once. You would want to be able to do something similar where you could just not do the instruction the way that the normal construction is done, but that's hard, right? Centrally planned cities or top-down planned cities never seem to do particularly well, right? For example, the city of Brasilia, the one that was supposed to be a planned city— the age it goes back to the unfettered technocrat who can sort of build whatever he wants. A lot of times, what you want is something that will respond at a low level and organically sort out the factories as they develop. You don't want something that's totally planned from the top-down, that's disconnected from all the sorts of cases on the ground. A lot of the opposition to Robert Moses ended up being that in a certain form, right? He's bulldozing through these cities that are these buildings and neighborhoods that he's not paying attention to at all. So I think, just to go back to the question, trying to plan your city from the top down doesn't have a super, super great track record. In general, you want your city to develop a little bit more organically. I guess I would think to have a good sort of land-use rules that are really thought through well and encourage the things that you want to encourage and not discourage the things that you don't want to discourage. Don't have equity in zoning and allow a lot of mixed-use construction and stuff like that. I guess that's a somewhat boring answer, but I'd probably do something along those lines. Dwarkesh Patel Interesting, interesting. I guess that implies that there would be high upfront costs to building a city because if you need to build 10,000 homes at once to achieve these economies of scale, then you would need to raise like tens of billions of dollars before you could build a charter city. Brian Potter Yeah, if you were trying to lower your costs of construction, but again, if you have the setup to do that, you wouldn't necessarily need to raise it. These other big developments were built by developers that essentially saw an opportunity. They didn't require public funding to do it. They did in the form of loan guarantees for veterans and things like that, but they didn't have the government go and buy the land. Automation and Revolutionary Future Technologies Dwarkesh Patel Right, okay, so the next question is from Austin Vernon. To be honest, I don't understand the question, you two are too smart for me, but hopefully, you'll be able to explain the question and then also answer it. What are your power rankings for technologies that can tighten construction tolerances? Then he gives examples like ARVR, CNC cutting, and synthetic wood products. Brian Potter Yeah, so this is a very interesting question. Basically, because buildings are built manually on site by hand, there's just a lot of variation in what ends up being built, right? There's only so accurately that a person can put something in place if they don't have any sort of age or stuff like that. Just the placement itself of materials tends to have a lot of variation in it and the materials themselves also have a lot of variation in them. The obvious example is wood, right? Where one two by four is not gonna be exactly the same as another two by four. It may be warped, it may have knots in it, it may be split or something like that. Then also because these materials are sitting just outside in the elements, they sort of end up getting a lot of distortion, they either absorb moisture and sort of expand and contract, or they grow and shrink because of the heat. So there's just a lot of variation that goes into putting a building up.To some extent, it probably constrains what you are able to build and how effectively you're able to build it. I kind of gave an example before of really energy efficient buildings and they're really hard to build on-site using conventional methods because the air ceiling is quite difficult to do. You have to build it in a much more precise way than what is typically done and is really easily achieved on-site. So I guess in terms of examples of things that would make that easier, he gives some good ones like engineered lumber, which is where you take lumber and then grind it up into strands or chips or whatever and basically glue them back together–– which does a couple of things. It spreads all the knots and the defects out so they are concentrated and everything tends to be a lot more uniform when it's made like that. So that's a very obvious one that's already in widespread use. I don't really see that making a substantial change.I guess the one exception to that would be this engineered lumber product called mass timber elements, CLT, which is like a super plywood. Plywood is made from tiny little sheet thin strips of wood, right? But CLT is made from two-by-four-dimensional lumber glued across laminated layers. So instead of a 4 by 9 sheet of plywood, you have a 12 by 40 sheet of dimensional lumber glued together. You end up with a lot of the properties of engineered material where it's really dimensionally stable. It can be produced very, very accurately. It's actually funny that a lot of times, the CLT is the most accurate part of the building. So if you're building a building with it, you tend to run into problems where the rest of the building is not accurate enough for it. So even with something like steel, if you're building a steel building, the steel is not gonna be like dead-on accurate, it's gonna be an inch or so off in terms of where any given component is. The CLT, which is built much more accurately, actually tends to show all these errors that have to be corrected. So in some sense, accuracy or precision is a little bit of like a tricky thing because you can't just make one part of the process more precise. In some ways that actually makes things more difficult because if one part is really precise, then a lot of the time, it means that you can't make adjustments to it easily. So if you have this one really precise thing, it usually means you have to go and compensate for something else that is not built quite as precisely. It actually makes advancing precision quite a bit more complicated. AR VR, is something I'm very bullish on. A big caveat of that is assuming that they can just get the basic technology working. The basic intuition there is that right now the way that pieces are, when a building is put together on site, somebody is looking at a set of paper plans, or an iPad or something that tells them where everything needs to go. So they figure that out and then they take a tape measure or use some other method and go figure out where that's marked on the ground. There's all this set-up time that is really quite time consuming and error prone. Again, there's only so much accuracy that a guy dragging a tape 40 feet across site being held by another guy can attain, there's a limit to how accurate that process can be. It's very easy for me to imagine that AR would just project exactly where the components of your building need to go. That would A, allow you a much higher level of accuracy that you can easily get using manual methods. And then B, just reduce all that time it takes to manually measure things. I can imagine it being much, much, much faster as well, so I'm quite bullish on that. At a high level and a slightly lower level, it's not obvious to me if they will be able to get to the level where it just projects it with perfect accuracy right in front of you. It may be the case that a person moving their head around and constantly changing their point of view wont ever be able to project these things with millimeter precision––it's always gonna be a little bit jumpy or you're gonna end up with some sort of hard limit in terms of like how precisely you can project it. My sense is that locator technology will get good enough, but I don't have any principle reason believing that. The other thing is that being able to take advantage of that technology would require you to have a really, really accurate model of your building that locates where every single element is precisely and exactly what its tolerances are. Right now, buildings aren't designed like that, they are built using a comparatively sparse set of drawings that leaves a lot to sort of be interpreted by the people on site doing the work and efforts that have tried to make these models really, really, really precise, have not really paid off a lot of times. You can get returns on it if you're building something really, really complex where there's a much higher premium to being able to make sure you don't make any error, but for like a simple building like a house, the returns just aren't there. So you see really comparatively sparse drawings. Whether it's gonna be able to work worth this upfront cost of developing this really complex, very precise model of where exactly every component is still has to be determined. There's some interesting companies that are trying to move in this direction where they're making it a lot easier to draw these things really, really precisely and whave every single component exactly where it is. So I'm optimistic about that as well, but it's a little bit TBD. Dwarkesh Patel This raises a question that I actually wanted to ask you, which is in your post about why there aren't automatic brick layers. It was a really interesting post. Somebody left in an interesting comment saying that bricks were designed to be handled and assembled by humans. Then you left a response to that, which I thought was really interesting. You said, “The example I always reach for is with steam power and electricity, where replacing a steam engine with an electric motor in your factory didn't do much for productivity. Improving factory output required totally redesigning the factory around the capabilities of electric motors.” So I was kind of curious about if you apply that analogy to construction, then what does that look like for construction? What is a house building process or building building process that takes automation and these other kinds of tools into account? How would that change how buildings are built and how they end up looking in the end? Brian Potter I think that's a good question. One big component of the lack of construction productivity is everything was designed and has evolved over 100 years or 200 years to be easy for a guy or person on the site to manipulate by hand. Bricks are roughly the size and shape and weight that a person can move it easily around. Dimensional lumber is the same. It's the size and shape and weight that a person can move around easily. And all construction materials are like this and the way that they attach together and stuff is the same. It's all designed so that a person on site can sort of put it all together with as comparatively little effort as possible. But what is easy for a person to do is usually not what is easy for a machine or a robot to do, right? You typically need to redesign and think about what your end goal is and then redesign the mechanism for accomplishing that in terms of what is easy to get to make a machine to do. The obvious example here is how it's way easier to build a wagon or a cart that pulls than it is to build a mechanical set of legs that mimics a human's movement. That's just way, way, way easier. I do think that a big part of advancing construction productivity is to basically figure out how to redesign these building elements in a way that is really easy for a machine to produce and a machine to put together. One reason that we haven't seen it is that a lot of the mechanization you see is people trying to mechanize exactly what a person does. You'd need a really expensive industrial robot that can move exactly the way that a human moves more or less. What that might look like is basically something that can be really easily extruded by a machine in a continuous process that wouldn't require a lot of finicky mechanical movements. A good example of this technology is technology that's called insulated metal panels, which is perhaps one of the cheapest and easiest ways to build an exterior wall. What it is, is it's just like a thin layer of steel. Then on top of that is a layer of insulation. Then on top of that is another layer of steel. Then at the end, the steel is extruded in such a way that it can like these inner panels can like lock together as they go. It's basically the simplest possible method of constructing a wall that you can imagine. But that has the structural system and the water barrier, air barrier, and insulation all in this one really simple assembly. Then when you put it together on site, it just locks together. Of course there are a lot of limitations to this. Like if you want to do anything on top of like add windows, all of a sudden it starts to look quite a bit less good. I think things that are really easy for a machine to do can be put together without a lot of persistent measurement or stuff like that in-field. They can just kind of snap together and actually want to fit together. I think that's kind of what it looks like. 3D Printer Pessimism & The Rising Cost of LabourDwarkesh Patel What would the houses or the buildings that are built using this physically look like? Maybe in 50 to 100 years, we'll look back on the houses we have today and say, “Oh, look at that artisanal creation made by humans.” What is a machine that is like designed for robots first or for automation first? In more interesting ways, would it differ from today's buildings? Brian Potter That's a good question. I'm not especially bullish on 3D building printing in general, but this is another example of a building using an extrusion process that is relatively easy to mechanize. What's interesting there is that when you start doing that, a lot of these other bottlenecks become unlocked a little bit. It's very difficult to build a building using a lot of curved exterior surfaces using conventional methods. You can do it, it's quite expensive to do, but there's a relatively straightforward way for a 3D-printed building to do that. They can build that as easily as if it was a straight wall. So you see a lot of interesting curved architecture on these creations and in a few other areas. There's a company that can build this cool undulating facade that people kind of like. So yeah, it unlocks a lot of options. Machines are more constrained in some things that they can do, but they don't have a lot of the other constraints that you would otherwise see. So I think you'll kind of see a larger variety of aesthetic things like that. That said, at the end of the day, I think a lot of the ways a house goes together is pretty well shaped to just the way that a person living inside it would like to use. I think Stewart Brand makes this point in––Dwarkesh Patel Oh, How Buildings Learn. Brian Potter There we go. He basically makes the point that a lot of people try to use dome-shaped houses or octagon-shaped houses, which are good because, again, going back to surface area volume, they include lots of space using the least amount of material possible. So in some theoretical sense, they're quite efficient, but it's actually quite inconvenient to live inside of a building with a really curved wall, right? Furniture doesn't fit up against it nicely, and pictures are hard to hang on a really curved wall. So I think you would see less variation than maybe you might expect. Dwarkesh Patel Interesting. So why are you pessimistic about 3D printers? For construction, I mean. Brian Potter Yeah, for construction. Oh God, so many reasons. Not pessimistic, but just there's a lot of other interesting questions. I mean, so the big obvious one is like right now a 3D printer can basically print the walls of a building. That is a pretty small amount of the value in a building, right? It's maybe 7% or 8%, something like that. Probably not more than 10% of the value in a building. Because you're not printing the foundation, you're not printing like the overhead vertical, or the overhead spanning structure of the building. You're basically just printing the walls. You're not even really printing the second story walls that you have in multiple stories. I don't think they've quite figured that out yet. So it's a pretty small amount of value added to the building. It's frankly a task that is relatively easy to do by manual labor. It's really pretty easy for a crew to basically put up the structure of a house. This is kind of a recurring theme in mechanization or it goes back to what I was talking about to our previous lead. Where it takes a lot of mechanization and a lot of expensive equipment to replace what basically like two or three guys can do in a day or something like that. The economics of it are pretty brutal. So right now it produces a pretty small value. I think that the value of 3D printing is basically entirely predicated on how successful they are at figuring out how to like deliver more components of the building using their system. There are companies that are trying to do this. There's one that got funded not too long ago called Black Diamond, where they have this crazy system that is like a series of 3D printers that would act simultaneously, like each one building a separate house. Then as you progress, you switch out the print head for like a robot arm. Cause a 3D printer is basically like a robot arm with just a particular manipulator at the end, right?So they switch out their print head for like a robot arm, and the robot arm goes and installs different other systems like the windows or the mechanical systems. So you can figure out how to do that reliably where your print head or your printing system is installing a large fraction of the value of the building. It's not clear to me that it's gonna be economic, but it obviously needs to reach that point. It's not obvious to me that they have gotten there yet. It's really quite hard to get a robot to do a lot of these tasks. For a lot of these players, it seems like they're actually moving away from that. I think in ICON is the biggest construction 3D printer company in the US, as far as I know. And as far as I know, they've moved away from trying to install lots of systems in their walls as they get printed. They've kind of moved on to having that installed separately, which I think has made their job a little bit easier, but again, not quite, it's hard to see how the 3D printer can fulfill its promises if it can't do anything just beyond the vertical elements, whichare really, for most construction, quite cheap and simple to build. Dwarkesh Patel Now, if you take a step back and talk how expensive construction is overall, how much of it can just be explained by the Baumol cost effect? As in labor costs are increasing because labor is more productive than other industries and therefore construction is getting more expensive. Brian Potter I think that's a huge, huge chunk of it. The labor fraction hasn't changed appreciably enough. I haven't actually verified that and I need to, but I remember somebody that said that they used to be much different. You sent me some literature related to it. So let's add a slight asterisk on that. But in general the labor cost has remained a huge fraction of the overall cost of the building. Reliably seeing their costs continue to rise, I think there's no reason to believe that that's not a big part of it. Dwarkesh Patel Now, I know this sounds like a question with an obvious answer, but in your post comparing the prices of construction in different countries, you mentioned how the cost of labor and the cost of materials is not as big a determiner of how expensive it is to construct in different places. But what does matter? Is it the amount of government involvement and administrative overhead? I'm curious why those things (government involvement and administrative overhead) have such a high consequence on the cost of construction. Brian Potter Yeah, that's a good question. I don't actually know if I have a unified theory for that. I mean, basically with any heavily regulated thing, any particular task that you're doing takes longer and is less reliable than it would be if it was not done right. You can't just do it as fast as on your own schedule, right? You end up being bottlenecked by government processes and it reduces and narrows your options. So yeah, in general, I would expect that to kind of be the case, but I actually don't know if I have a unified theory of how that works beyond just, it's a bunch of additional steps at any given part of the process, each of which adds cost. Dwarkesh Patel Yeah. Now, one interesting trend we have in the United States with construction is that a lot of it is done by Latino workers and especially by undocumented Latino workers. What is the effect of this on the price and the quality of construction? If you have a bunch of hardworking undocumented workers who are working for below-market rates in the US, will this dampen the cost of construction over time? What do you think is going to happen? Brian Potter I suspect that's probably one of the reasons why the US has comparatively low construction costs compared to other parts of the world. Well, I'll caveat that. Residential construction, which is single-family homes and multi-family apartment buildings all built in the US and have light framed wood and are put together, like you said, by a lot of like immigrant workers. Because of that, it would not surprise me if those wages are a lot lower than the equivalent wage for like a carpenter in Germany or something like that. I suspect that's a factor in why our cost of residential construction are quite low. AI's Impact on Construction ProductivityDwarkesh Patel Overall, it seems from your blog post that you're kind of pessimistic, or you don't think that different improvements in industrialization have transferred over to construction yet. But what do you think is a prospect of future advances in AI having a big impact on construction? With computer vision and with advances in robotics, do you think we'll finally see some carry-over into construction productivity or is it gonna be more of the same? Brian Potter Yeah, I think there's definitely gonna be progress on that axis. If you can wire up your computer vision systems, robotic systems, and your AI in such a way that your capabilities for a robot system are more expanded, then I kind of foresee robotics being able to take a larger and larger fraction of the tasks done on a typical construction site. I kind of see it being kind of done in narrow avenues that gradually expand outward. You're starting to see a lot of companies that have some robotic system that can do one particular task, but do that task quite well. There's a couple of different robot companies that have these little robots for like drawing wall layouts on like concrete slabs or whatever. So you know exactly where to build your walls, which you would think would not be like a difficult problem in construction, but it turns out that a lot of times people put the walls in the wrong spot and then you have to go back and move them later or just basically deal with it. So yeah, it's basically a little Roomba type device that just draws the wall layout to the concrete slab and all the other systems as well–– for example, where the lines need to run through the slab and things like that. I suspect that you're just gonna start to see robotics and systems like that take a larger and larger share of the tasks on the construction site over time. Dwarkesh Patel Yeah, it's still very far away. It's still very far away. What do you think of Flow? That's Adam Neumann's newest startup and backed with $350 million from Andreeseen Horowitz.Brian Potter I do not have any strong opinions about that other than, “Wow, they've really given him another 350M”. I do not have any particularly strong opinions about this. They made a lot they make a lot of investments that don't make sense to me, but I'm out of venture capital. So there's no reason that my judgment would be any good in this situation–– so I'm just presuming they know something I do not. Dwarkesh Patel I'm going to be interviewing Andreeseen later this month, and I'm hoping I can ask him about that.Brian Potter You know, it may be as simple as he “sees all” about really high variance bets. There's nobody higher variance in the engine than Adam Neumann so, maybe just on those terms, it makes sense. Dwarkesh Patel You had an interesting post about like how a bunch of a lot of the knowledge in the construction industry is informal and contained within best practices or between relationships and expectations that are not articulated all the time. It seems to me that this is also true of software in many cases but software seems much more legible and open source than these other physical disciplines like construction despite having a lot of th

FBG Young and FBG Dutchie chop it up with Adam about FBG Cash, FBG Duck, the early days of their career, staying focus and keep growing. ----- 00:00 Intro 0:44 Losing someone that's close is very different  4:15 How the city reacted after Cash's passing, he was turning things around, people were embracing him  5:55 Saying RIP and choosing sides 6:34 Cash's situation was maybe because of a woman  7:23 Before the music, kinda started back in school, King Louie was the goat at the time 8:34 King Louie was a pioneer, everyone listened to him but still a opp tho  11:15 The FBG boys all started together + Not really listening to Chief Keef back then  13:22 Playing opp's music in the club for the gram 14:12 When Duck's career was blowin up, it made them work harder  15:23 Adam breaks down Trap Lore Ross 3 hour in depth video about G Herbo and the glory days of drill 10:18 Trap Lore Ross threatened by King Von's team to take down a video 22:05 "You don't really get caught in Chicago unless someone tells on you" + Lil Zay Osama caught in NY 28:32 Rappers coming up thinking GDK gonna get them some attention 34:51 Cash connected them with many people in the industry + Cash didn't mind having that "villain" reputation  36:12 Joe Budden podcast trying to make Adam the bad guy for posting Cash clips + "You gotta be ready for crazy questions, it's up to you to respond or not" 37:17 Joe Budden thought that Cash was a young boy, he was a grown man, also are you really a kid when you're in the streets? 39:51 The way you ask questions plays a part on how someone would answer  41:34 Flakko called Adam a bitch for not asking Boss Top about one of his opps 45:49 16ShotEm was cool for sp*tting on Flakko but they would have knocked Flakko out + Bandman Kevo put the battery on Flakko's back 47:26 In the end, 16 and Kevo stories was debunked by 1090 Jake, both: "Who is 1090Jake tho!" lol  48:42 Kevo needs to drop more music, made hella money scamming --- NO JUMPER PATREON http://www.patreon.com/nojumper CHECK OUT OUR NEW SPOTIFY PLAYLIST https://open.spotify.com/playlist/5te... FOLLOW US ON SNAPCHAT FOR THE LATEST NEWS & UPDATES https://www.snapchat.com/discover/No_... CHECK OUT OUR ONLINE STORE!!! http://www.nojumper.com/ SUBSCRIBE for new interviews (and more) weekly: http://bit.ly/nastymondayz  Follow us on SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/show/4ENxb4B... iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/n... Follow us on Social Media: https://www.snapchat.com/discover/No_... http://www.twitter.com/nojumper http://www.instagram.com/nojumper https://www.facebook.com/NOJUMPEROFFI... http://www.reddit.com/r/nojumper JOIN THE DISCORD: https://discord.gg/Q3XPfBm Follow Adam22: https://www.tiktok.com/@adam22 http://www.twitter.com/adam22 http://www.instagram.com/adam22 adam22hoe on Snapchat Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode we sat down with the Godfather of Drill King Louie. During this interview we spoke on his industry experiences, name switch, new album, and much more. ----Connect With Us On Social Media ----- Instagram: www.instagram.com/illanoizeradio Twitter: twitter.com/illanoizeradio Facebook: www.facebook.com/illanoizeradio

Natuurlijk weten we dat autorijden niet duurzaam is, maar helemaal de auto de deur uit vinden we nog een brug te ver. Met een druk gezinsleven en familie die niet om de hoek woont, hebben we de wagen toch nog wel regelmatig nodig. Hoe kan dat duurzamer en vooral zuiniger? Met de huidige benzine- en elektriciteitsprijzen reizen de kosten van een auto ook de pan uit. Beathe heeft onderzoek gedaan naar allerlei toffe deelconcepten zodat we met meer mensen minder auto's kunnen bezitten. Saskia heeft uitgezocht dat we een enorme milieuwinst kunnen halen als we massaal die auto's laten staan voor korte ritjes, korter dan tien kilometer. Ook luisteraars hebben handige tips: van goede regenpakken en fiets tassen tot auto's delen met buren en nog veel meer!Ook is in deze aflevering de Groene Sample Shop weer open. Saskia heeft haar duurzame nieuwe jurk meegenomen van King Louie. Dat is een leuk duurzaam kledingmerk, maar wat ook speciaal is, is de duurzame stof waar deze jurk van gemaakt is. Dit is Ecovero. Ken jij dit al? Bekijk de jurk: https://www.instagram.com/p/Cjo_5-tDFh5/Bekijk meer over materialen: https://www.thegreenlist.nl/duurzame-materialen-welke-stoffen-zijn-milieuvriendelijk-en-fijn/Saskia is oprichter van thegreenlist.nl, het lifestyle magazine voor mensen die groener willen leven. Ze leeft al duizend dagen groener en heeft een missie: zoveel mogelijk mensen motiveren en enthousiasmeren om groenere keuzes te maken. Beathe wil wel, maar weet niet zo goed waar ze moet beginnen. Te vaak wint gemak het nog van een duurzame keuze.Show notes:Saskia's item bij Koffietijd terugkijken: https://www.koffietijd.nl/videos/56227/fragmenten/energieWil je ons steunen? Word dan vriend van de show: www.vriendvandeshow.nl/onsjegroenerMeer groene inspiratie van thegreenlist.nl: https://thegreenlist.nl/Volg Saskia's groene zoektocht dagelijks op Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thegreenlist.nl/Heb je een vraag of een tip: onsjegroener@cortimedia.nl. Of stuur Saskia een DM op Instagram.Heb je interesse om te adverteren in Onsje Groener? Mail dan naar adverteren@dagennacht.nlOnsje Groener wordt gemaakt door:Presentatie: Saskia Sampimon-Versneij & Beathe WeckesserRegie & montage: Dorus van MosselveldProducent: https://cortimedia.nl/#auto #autorijden #deelconcepten #verkeer #klimaat #co2 #besparen #milieu #fashion #kleding #inflatie #crisis #huishoudgeld #kasboekje #budgetips #bespaartips #geld #duurzaam #duurzaamleven #klimaatverandering #gezin #groenleven #ecologisch #consuminderen #lifestyle #bewustwording #duurzametips #duurzamekeuze #gezin #amsterdam #moederschap #ouderschap #gezinsleven #huishouden #klimaatspagaat #klimaatgesprekken #thegreenlist #amsterdam #cortimedia #onsjegroener #onsjezuinigerZie het privacybeleid op https://art19.com/privacy en de privacyverklaring van Californië op https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

I have worked with most of the federal agencies at one time or another and for the most part the individual agents were great. Dedicated professionals working hard to solve the cases. I always appreciated the resources they could bring to a case.But the moment I had to deal with one of the “Guys in Charge” things tended to take a turn for the worst. The higher up the administrative ladder you went the ideas and goals of what you were all trying to accomplish would change very quickly.The biggest problem is that the needs, desires, and decisions made in Washington DC do not necessarily coincide with the issues on the ground in Iowa. But that hasn't stopped a historical push for a National Police Force and let me explain why that is NOT a good idea.So, what is a national police force. A national police force is an organization run by the central government of a country with the purpose of providing police services such as enforcing the laws and ensuring health and safety to the people of that country. We've got King Louie the 14th to thank for that. In 1667 he created the first national police force in France. Since then, we have seen National Police Forces in many countries around the world. Today national police forces are common in places like France, Japan, Spain, Indonesia, the Netherlands, the Philippians, and dozens of other small countries. We also see variations on the National Police Model with Territorial Police in the United Kingdom and Canada.Since it is so common it must be a good idea. And, when you take it at face value there does seem to be benefits from the concept. First, you get a force that is nationally funded. The deep pockets at the national level would far outweigh any small towns budgets so the national force should have all of the necessary resources. Secondly you get to control hiring and training. This way you could ensure that all of the officers are trained and ready to do their jobs. Lastly this central organization would be more efficient, and you wouldn't have to worry about duplication of efforts. All in all, a good move, right?Wrong?At least for the U.S.

PartyKingKeyz & That AdAHouse Presents New Music Monday's DJ Khaled PARTY (Alternate Cut) ft. Quavo, Takeoff. Billy Bucks - Blinded . DJ Drama, Jeezy - I Ain't Gon Hold Ya Real Boston Richey ft. Lil Durk - Keep Dissing 2 . Pooh Shiesty - Gone MIA ⚫ G Herbo - Street Shit From The Block Performance. GBi Vinci• Intro. • Mala Khim The Harder they fall. ⚫ DJ Khaled ft. Future & Lil Baby - BIG TIME. • Fabolous - Rich Hustle ft. Jim Jones.⚫ Kevo Gotti - "Ride ⚫ Chingo G - Rubbing off the paint Drop of NEW Music Monday's (1 of 2). Karter Drop Kevo_Gotti_x_Scoom_x_Savage_Trey_-_Freestyl. Rico Santana400 - Play Outta State feat. King Louie . Chingo G - No Filter. ⚫ Mala Khim HOW IT FEEL. ⚫ New Music Monday Drop DARightaWay (InternetBloggers) Dikembe Mutombo.mp3 New music Monday --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/partyking-keyz/message

The full crew is back to talk about the upcoming series against the Twins. King Louie hits the White Sox first grand slam of the year. We analyze Tony's decisions from this past week, the Postgame crew losing patience, and each offer up a trade for the 2nd half. Mush ranks tacos and more.

The Waterfront Blues Festival is right around the corner…the Fourth of July weekend, as you know. Over the years, OMN has given you inside looks at how it runs, besides keeping you informed about the musicians. Today Louis Pain is here, or King Louie as he likes to be known. We all know he's a master of the Hammond B-3, but did you know he has a thriving business renting them…including at the Blues Festival. You'll see two of them this year. He'll be playing, of course, but so will any other musician who needs one. We'll take a medium deep dive into those strange creatures, the organs not the organists and hear about the time another musician messed with one that Booker T was going to play. Here's Louis Pain.

Brand new interview with DGainz, where he talks about filming videos for Lil Durk & Chief Keef, getting sh*t on set, street politics, and more! https://www.instagram.com/dgainz/ ---- 00:00 Intro 4:26 - Getting his first official camera, uploading videos to MySpace 5:49 - Having an in-house studio producing and engineering for artists, meeting Lil Durk when he was 15yrs old 6:50 - Not hearing the word “Drill” be used to describe music until working with King Louie 9:48 - Meeting Chief Keef after he hit him up on Facebook, shooting “Bang” video when Keef was 15 18:27 - Not shooting diss videos, not really wanting to put g*ns in the video 19:41 - Shooting “I Don't Like”, Sosa being put on house arrest 33:33 - Things changing after the loss of Lil Jojo 44:14 - Girl pulling out contract after s*x for a free music video ----- Shout to our Partners at Gamer Supps! ORDER YOUR FREE SAMPLE TODAY with our Promo Code NoJumper https://youtu.be/UUwcj1YC-NE Gamer Supps offers esports athletes, gamers, and podcasters the most effective and healthy energy choice to help them perform at the highest potential especially during their most crucial moments. Try it today 100% Free with our Promo Code NoJumper https://gamersupps.gg/ ----- NO JUMPER PATREON http://www.patreon.com/nojumper CHECK OUT OUR NEW SPOTIFY PLAYLIST https://open.spotify.com/playlist/5te... FOLLOW US ON SNAPCHAT FOR THE LATEST NEWS & UPDATES https://www.snapchat.com/discover/No_... CHECK OUT OUR ONLINE STORE!!! http://www.nojumper.com/ SUBSCRIBE for new interviews (and more) weekly: http://bit.ly/nastymondayz  Follow us on SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/show/4ENxb4B... iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/n... Follow us on Social Media: https://www.snapchat.com/discover/No_... http://www.twitter.com/nojumper http://www.instagram.com/nojumper https://www.facebook.com/NOJUMPEROFFI... http://www.reddit.com/r/nojumper JOIN THE DISCORD: https://discord.gg/Q3XPfBm Follow Adam22: https://www.tiktok.com/@adam22 http://www.twitter.com/adam22 http://www.instagram.com/adam22 adam22hoe on Snapchat Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

It's become a "They Remade It" staple at this point to cover at least one Disney live-action remake a year. They're fairly abundant and seem to dominate much of the discourse surrounding remakes and reboots, so it only makes sense. This time around is The Jungle Book, and in a situation similar to that of the Beauty and the Beast episode some years ago, the duo may not necessarily agree on its merits. Also in this episode is Pompo the Cinephile, Sterling Holloway's Disney legend status, a revelation to King Louie's existence, and a longer discussion of the live-action Lion King than was expected this time around. All this and more on They Remade It! Plot Synopsis Timestamps: 16:00-24:00 ---------- Socials ---------- @ItRemade on Twitter theyremadeit@gmail.com

Chicago Legendary Videographer DGainz not only changed the Chicago music industry through the lens of his camera, but he also impact the world internationally with his style of video direction which to this day continues to be replicated. From sparking the careers of Chief Keef, Lil Durk, King Louie, Tink, Dreezy, Katie Got Bandz, and many more countless names. We sat with DGainz for an in-depth conversation regarding his start in producing, which lead him to pick up a camera that helped introduce the Drill Era, him being blackballed, his music career, and much more. Watch On Youtube: illnz.link/youtube Download Our App: illnz.link/app ----Connect With Us On Social Media ----- Instagram: www.instagram.com/illanoizeradio Twitter: twitter.com/illanoizeradio Facebook: www.facebook.com/illanoizeradio

Hi folks! Today we have a discussion on my recent soul retrieval experience. I had been experiencing some health issues that were not related to anything physical. Sometimes, energy needs to be moved and shifted if there aren't any physical explanations for what is going on with you... healers need healing too! We also discuss how my dog, King Louie the Leo, came into my life and dabble in what is going on in the stars this week. Grab some snacks and cozy in. Breathwork: www.jessvelardi.com Let's connect: instagram @jess.velardi @chrysalismandchill Find Russell Forsyth https://russellforsyth.com/ Intro song: Guustavv Thick and Thin Outtro song: Sol Rising Echoes Leave me a tip or donation: Paypal: @paypal.me/chrysalismandchill Cashapp: $chrysalismandchill Disclaimer: you are absolutely not required to donate anything ever. However, if the episode, breathwork, or energy exchange touched you and you want to leave a tip or donation, it is very much appreciated. I am very grateful. If you feel called for another type of energy exchange, please leave a 5 star review or give me a thumbs up :)

Signed Artist Josh K talks with Frankie Fabre of Fabre Media about the music industry, finance and the importance of Relationships. He takes a deep dive into industry processes, he brings light on the importance of bringing value, financial independence and leveraging relationships. He talks about Tory Lanez, Jerimih, Chris Brown, King Louie, Polo G and his relationship with the legendary New York rapper Fabolous. We Are the Brand Podcast Episode 14 Josh K Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thesingerjoshk/ Frankie's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/frankiefabre/ We Are the Brand Podcast: https://www.instagram.com/wearethebrandpodcast/ Fabre Media's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/fabremedia/ https://www.Fabremedia.com --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/fabremedia/support

Pastor Louie Giglio kicks off a brand new collection of talks, At the Table with Jesus. He emphasizes the importance of making living in communion with God daily a priority and accepting His invitation to sit at the table with King.VERSES // Psalm 23:5, Hebrews 11:5-6, Genesis 5:6-24 — With Passion City Online, you can join us every Sunday live at 9:30a and 11:45a, and our gatherings are available on-demand starting at 7p! Join us at https://passioncitychurch.com — Subscribe to our channel to see more messages from Passion City Church: https://www.youtube.com/passioncitychurch1 —Looking for content for your Kids? Subscribe to our Passion Kids Channel: https://passion.link/passionkidsonline — If you would like to give to our house, visit https://passioncitychurch.com/give/ — Check out Passion's books, music, and more at https://passionresources.com/ — At Passion City Church, we believe that because God has displayed the ultimate sacrifice in Jesus, our response to that in worship must be extravagant. It is our privilege, and our created purpose, to reflect God's Glory to Him through our praise, our sacrifice, and our song. — Follow Passion City Church: https://www.instagram.com/passioncity/ Follow Louie Giglio: https://www.instagram.com/louiegiglio Passion City Church is a Jesus church with locations in Atlanta and Washington D.C.

King Louie is a Chicago born rapper who was attributed by Spin Magazine as being one of the rappers who made Chicago the "hottest hip-hop" scene in 2012.

In this episode, Andy Schwartz – President of AJ Adhesives – and I talk a lot about coaching kids sports. What does that have to do with leadership? Turns out, quite a lot! I think what Andy has to say will give you a new, inspiring perspective on teamwork. About Our Guest: In 1992, Andrew Schwartz returned to St. Louis and started AJ Adhesives with partner Jim Wiley, AJ Adhesives distributes industrial adhesives to all manufacturing sectors. As an entrepreneur, he took on a few partners and started an inline hockey roller rink, “The Rink,” and a restaurant, “King Louie's.” In 1998, he divested from business outside of the core industrial sector, and he and his partners purchased an equipment company in Houston, Texas, that specialized in selling and servicing adhesive application equipment, continuous inkjet printers, and industrial labeling equipment. Schwartz and his family moved to Houston in 2000 to transition the purchase. As of 2021, AJ Adhesives and Mid America Packaging had 51 employees with corporate headquarters in St. Louis and branch locations in Houston, Dallas, Tulsa, Seattle, Portland, Philadelphia, and Chicago. He and his wife, Stephanie, and their three children moved back to St. Louis in 2008. Living closer to work offers him the time to coach basketball, baseball, and soccer. Andy@AJAdhesives.com http://www.AJAdhesives.com (www.AJAdhesives.com) About the Host: Amy L. Riley is an internationally renowned speaker, author and consultant. She has over 2 decades of experience developing leaders at all levels. Her clients include Cisco Systems, Deloitte and Barclays. As a trusted leadership coach and consultant, Amy has worked with hundreds of leaders one-on-one, and thousands more as part of a group, to fully step into their leadership, create amazing teams and achieve extraordinary results.   Amy's most popular keynote speeches are: The Courage of a Leader: The Power of a Leadership Legacy The Courage of a Leader: Create a Competitive Advantage with Sustainable, Results-Producing Cross-System Collaboration The Courage of a Leader: Accelerate Trust with Your Team, Customers and Community The Courage of a Leader: How to Build a Happy and Successful Hybrid Team   Her new book is a #1 international best-seller and is entitled, The Courage of a Leader: How to Inspire, Engage and Get Extraordinary Results.   http://www.courageofaleader.com (www.courageofaleader.com) https://www.linkedin.com/in/amyshoopriley/ (https://www.linkedin.com/in/amyshoopriley/)   Call to action How can you lead like a kids sports coach? Thanks for listening! Thanks so much for listening to The Courage of a Leader podcast! If you got inspired and/or got valuable leadership techniques you can use from this episode and think that others could benefit from listening, please share using the social media buttons on this page. Do you have questions or feedback about this episode? Leave a comment in the section below! Subscribe to the podcast If you would like to get automatic updates of new The Courage of a Leader podcast episodes, you can subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts or Stitcher. You can also subscribe in your favorite podcast app. Leave us an Apple Podcasts review Ratings and reviews from our listeners are extremely valuable to us and greatly appreciated. They help our podcast rank higher on Apple Podcasts, which helps us ignite The Courage of a Leader in more leaders! Please take a minute and leave an honest review on Apple Podcasts. Teaser for next episode My guest in 2 weeks will be Jim Kaitz, the President and CEO of AFP, the Association of Financial Professionals. In the episode we don't talk much about finances! Instead, we talk about culture and talent development. We explore how to foster the desired culture day-to-day and how to continuously develop talent. Tune in March 22 to hear more!

Our second part of our Kentucky Kingdom adventure goes through a walk-through of this amazing little park focusing on the flats, food, and their fantastic water park, Hurricane Bay. Yes, looking at their map, this park can be a bit confusing (we got pretty lost the first time) but hopefully after this episode, you can find the kiddie section (King Louie's Playland), figure out how to get on Kentucky Flyer, and of course sit down with your favorite drink and unwind (we recommend the Hurricane Bay Beach Club Bar). Kentucky Kingdom is just a great place to enjoy and now that it is part of the Dollywood / Silver Dollar City family, we know the future is bright.  Highly on our list to visit again in 2022. Check us out on Social Media - Facebook / Instagram = 125rollercoaster Follow Us to win weekly amusement park swag. Do you enjoy our podcast?  Leave us a review at Apple Podcasts, Podcast Addict, Castbox, and Podchaser. Even though 2021 is coming to a close, we can't wait to see you in the queue in 22

"Disney Kitetails" debuted as part of the Walt Disney World 50th Anniversary Celebration. The new daytime entertainment takes place multiple times at Animal Kingdom's Discovery River Theater; check your Disney experience app for times. Performers fly windcatchers and kites of all shapes and sizes. On the water, elaborate three-dimensional kites – some stretching to 30 feet long – depict Disney animal friends, including Simba, Zazu, Baloo, and King Louie. These colorful creations dance through the sky to the beat of favorite Disney songs in an uplifting, vibrant experience for the whole family. Kite tails consist of two separate 10-minute shows, each unique theme: Jungle Book or Lion King. This performance is the Jungle Book. Thanks for watching, be sure to hit that subscribe button for the Lion King Kite Tails performance.

New daytime entertainment is stirring at Disney's Animal Kingdom Theme Park, as “Disney KiteTails” comes alive several times daily beginning Oct. 1 at the Discovery River Theater. Performers fly windcatchers and kites of all shapes and sizes, while out on the water elaborate three-dimensional kites – some stretching to 30 feet long – depict Disney animal friends, including Simba, Zazu, Baloo and King Louie. These colorful creations dance through the sky to the beat of favorite Disney songs in an uplifting, vibrant experience for the whole family. Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Daisy Duck, Goofy, Pluto and Chip ‘n' Dale – otherwise known as the “EARidescent 8” – dress in sparkling new looks, custom-made for this special occasion. Highlights of these celebratory designs include beautifully embroidered impressions of Cinderella Castle backed by fireworks, as well as a brocade in multi-toned, EARidescent fabric – all punctuated with pops of gold. Disney characters will also make appearances at Disney Resort hotels, dressed in their EARidescent best. https://youtu.be/zqUxv5dvbSg