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It all started with the question, “How do you do everything, Miss Rica?” We run, workout, overland, join races, while completing tasks at home and for our careers, so they must be thinking we're some kind if unicorns to achieve all these but you'd probably be surprised to know that we aren't special at all. But what we do have is a philosophy in life that enables us to di teh things we want to do and have the kind of life we actually want to have. The best part about it is you can do these steps, too. It's not even anything magical or hard to achieve — it only requires intentionality, coupled with discipline. So go ahead and dig into this brand new episode from The Bonis! We hope you come away empowered after listening to this! If you want to continue the conversation, make sure you're part of our Telegram Channel and Chat Group. Join us here.
Rozmowa o książce „Kaput. Koniec niemieckiego cudu gospodarczego” wydanej przez Wydawnictwo Prześwity. Do niedawna Niemcy jawiły się jako wzór sukcesu gospodarczego i politycznego. Napędzany eksportem niemiecki model gospodarczy zapewniał pomyślność i dobrobyt, scena polityczna była uważana za niezwykle stabilną i przewidywalną, a liderzy za dalekowzrocznych. Geopolityczne zawirowania obnażyły jednak niemieckie słabości związane z nadmiernym uzależnieniem od rosyjskich węglowodorów czy chińskiego rynku zbytu. Jak prezentuje się niemiecka gospodarka AD 2025? Jakie elementy niemieckiego modelu były zaczynem obecnego kryzysu? Co opisane przez Münchau'a wydarzenia mówią o niemieckiej kulturze politycznej i przestrzeni debaty publicznej? Czy to chwilowa zadyszka czy długotrwała erozja gospodarcza? O tym rozmawiali redaktorzy Nowego Ładu, Damian Adamus, Konrad Bonisławski i Kacper Kita.Książka do nabycia:https://mtbiznes.pl/przeswity/produkt/kaput?srsltid=AfmBOoqaKhmOq2eVjn_2OOGK9Pff3rUoOy5Cd3bZuFCK1-AfTK3YF6Ei
In this gripping episode, author Patricia Bonis shares her harrowing true story documented in "Jeddah Bride." Bonis recounts falling in love with a Saudi man in 1970s Boston, her shocking cultural adjustment in Saudi Arabia, and the devastating 14-year separation from her children after their father kidnapped them. Host Blaine DeSantis guides this eye-opening conversation exploring cross-cultural marriage, religious conversion, and the stark legal differences that left an American mother powerless when international custody laws failed her family. Links: "Jeddah Bride" Book: https://amzn.to/41RCJXc Patricia Bonice Website: https://www.patriciabonisauthor.com/ Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/Dqh-EKH1RKk _ Produced by Podcast Studio X.
SynopsisAs today is International Women's Day, we thought we'd tell you about a wonderful French composer you may or may not have heard of before.Mélanie Hélène Bonis, or Mel Bonis as she preferred to be called, was a prolific composer of piano and organ works, chamber music, art songs, choral music, and several orchestral pieces. She studied at the Paris Conservatoire, where her teachers included César Franck. She was born in 1858 and died in 1937, so her lifetime spanned the age of Hector Berlioz to Alban Berg.In the 1890s, Bonis reconnected with her first love, a man she had met while still a student, who had encouraged her musical talent. So she left her husband, who did not encourage her, to devote herself full-time to her music. Initially performed and admired in Paris, after World War I her music was neglected, and she became bedridden from arthritis. Despite everything, she continued to compose up to the time of her death at 79.Among her works are seven piano portraits of women, collectively titled Femmes de Légende, or Legendary Women — some of which, like Salomé, she arranged for full orchestra.Music Played in Today's ProgramMel Bonis (1858-1937): Salomé; Orchestre du Capitole de Toulouse; Leo Hussain, conductor; Bru Zane BZ-2006
Zasada subsydiarności, inaczej zwana zasadą pomocniczości (łac. subsidiarus) to jedno z podstawowych pojęć charakteryzujących podejście Kościoła Katolickiego do ustroju państwa oraz relacji pomiędzy ludźmi a instytucjami życia zbiorowego. Jednocześnie to zasada, która została podchwycona lub zapożyczona przez szereg podmiotów, instytucji i doktryn, odległych w wielu sprawach od pryncypiów katolickiej nauki społecznej, które dokonały jej reinterpretacji.Pozostałe artykuły możesz czytać na
“Notas de Mujer” una celebración del talento y la creatividad de destacadas mujeres compositoras a lo largo de la historia. De lunes a viernes a las 9:00 hrs. en www.radioudec.cl y el 95.1 FM. Producción: Carolina Valdés - Locución: Sergio Morales.
D'Geiistin Sandrine Cantoreggi an d'Pianistin Sheila Arnold widme sech an engem Projet der Musek vun der Melanie Bonis. Eng Kënschtlerin, déi trotz verstoppter Identitéit immens vill Musek hannerlooss huet. Hanner dem Pseudonym Mel Bonis verstoppt sech d'Melanie Bonis, eng franséisch Komponistin aus dem 19. Joerhonnert, vun där bis elo iwwer 300 Wierker publizéiert sinn. Gelieft huet si zu enger Zäit, zu där si sech géint eng Männer-dominéiert Musekswelt huet missen duerchkämpfen a sech dofir entscheet huet, déi eegen Identitéit ze verstoppen. Dëser Kënschtlerin hu sech déi lëtzebuergesch Geiistin Sandrine Cantoreggi an déi däitsch Pianistin Sheila Arnold ugeholl. Si fannen, et ass derwäert der Mélanie Bonis hir Musek ënner d'Leit ze bréngen a méi bekannt ze maachen. Dofir hu si Enn 2023 net nëmmen een Album erausbruecht, mee schaffen och un engem Concertsprogramm am Ettelbrécker CAPE, deen de Fokus op d'Kënschtlerin leet. Am Gespréich mam Lex Kauffmann schwätzen d'Musekerinnen iwwer hir déifgrënneg Recherche an hir Faszinatioun fir dëse Personnage.
Many people believe the US is heading toward a Christian nationalist theocracy. But what would that look like? And what would Jesus have to say about it? In this 2006 interview famed satirist Tony Hendra discusses his book,Tthe Messiah of Morris Avenue, which imagines that very scenario.Get your copy of The Messiah of Morris Avenue by Tony HendraAs an Amazon Associate, Now I've Heard Everything earns from qualifying purchases.You may also enjoy my interviews with Wendy wasserstein and John WatersFor more vintage interviews with celebrities, leaders, and influencers, subscribe to Now I've Heard Everything on Spotify, Apple Podcasts. and now on YouTubePhoto by Bonis, Christopher#satire #religion #ChristianNationalism #theocracy
https://www.patriciabonisauthor.com/ A Life of Luxury, Love, and Sacrifice: Jeddah Bride Reveals the High-Stakes Drama Behind the Veil of Saudi Arabia's Wealthiest Families JEDDAH BRIDE A memoir by Patricia Bonis How far would you go for love? Would you sacrifice everything—your freedom, your identity, even your children? Patricia Bonis, the author of JEDDAH BRIDE (Conservatarian Press), faced that exact question when she married Rahman Abbar, the heir to one of Saudi Arabia's richest families. The answers she found may shock you. From the glittering world of Saudi Arabia's elite—private jets, palatial estates, and global high society—Patricia soon found herself in a fierce battle for her children's safety, realizing that her new life came at a devastating price. JEDDAH BRIDE pulls back the curtain on a life few have seen—and fewer can understand. Once a free-spirited student at Wellesley College, Bonis struggled to reconcile the deep love she had for her husband with the suffocating cultural restrictions demanded by life in Saudi Arabia. She wasn't prepared for a life confined behind curtains and veils, a world with little freedom and dominated by a toxic patriarchal system. After years of feeling isolated, Patricia and Rahman returned to the United States, where she hoped to raise their two children in a land of freedom and security. But when Rahman began talking about returning to the jet-set lifestyle, her dreams of a stable family life shattered. What followed was a bitter divorce and fight for custody and safety of her children. JEDDAH BRIDE is a testament to the lengths a mother will go to protect her children—and an unflinching look of how love, in all its forms, can push us to our breaking point. Patricia's intimate narrative offers an unprecedented look into the isolated and often misunderstood world of Saudi Arabia, while delivering a powerful message about the power of self-discovery, survival, and the enduring love of a mother. PATRICIA BONIS is a renowned interior designer who has spent more than three decades designing the homes, offices, and embassies of some of the world's most influential leaders, including top CEOs, ambassadors, and international financiers. In addition to her design career, Patricia is a competitive equestrian, actively participating in prestigious events like the World Equestrian Festival and the Hampton Classic. She splits her time between Palm Beach Florida, and Millbrook, New York, with her husband and their beloved poodle, Harley. Jeddah Bride is Patricia's first book, and it marks a deeply personal exploration of her life's most defining challenges and triumphs. JEDDAH BRIDE By Patricia Bonis Conservatarian Press $29.99; 270 pages ISBN-10: 1957586389 ISBN-13: 978-1957586380
Willie discusses what to eat during the Super Bowl, and a new painkiller that is opioid free with Liz Bonis of Local 12.
Willie discusses what to eat during the Super Bowl, and a new painkiller that is opioid free with Liz Bonis of Local 12.
Willie discusses what to eat during the Super Bowl, and a new painkiller that is opioid free with Liz Bonis of Local 12.
W jednym z poprzednich numerów „Polityki Narodowej” odpowiadaliśmy na pytanie, „po co katolikowi państwo” , ergo: czemu katolik powinien angażować się w działalność publiczną. Można by się analogicznie zastanowić nad tym, czy naród do swojego istnienia potrzebuje państwa. Czy może jest tak, że lepiej rozwija się obok struktur państwowych lub nawet w kontrze do nich? Czy siła państwa działa na korzyść samoorganizacji narodu czy wprost przeciwnie – uciska go i nie pozwala mu się rozwinąć? Czy prawdziwy Polak i patriota angażuje się w politykę, czy może działa jedynie społecznie lub oddaje się sentymentom i paleniu świeczek na grobach narodowych bohaterów? Jaka powinna być rola współczesnego państwa: nadzorcy i regulatora czy może jedynie nocnego stróża, przymykającego oko na sprawy błahe i niespecjalnie zainteresowanego doglądaniem dobytku? Na koniec można zaś zapytać, czy w ogóle państwo, a w szczególności państwo narodowe, ma jeszcze w XXI w. rację bytu. Pozostałe artykuły możesz czytać na
A Memoir.Get all the news you need by listening to WBZ NewsRadio 1030 on the free #iHeartRadio app! Or ask Alexa to play WBZ NewsRadio on #iHeartRadio.
It’s that time of year again—our annual Top Destinations episode is back! Host Bruce Wallin ventured to Virtuoso’s annual Travel Week in Las Vegas to ask top luxury travel experts what destination they were most excited about for 2025. In this episode, he is joined by friend of the pod, the travel journalist Jackie Caradonio, to unpack a meticulously curated list of must-visit destinations for the year ahead. This episode explores hidden gems, iconic locales, and emerging travel hotspots, from the pristine beaches of Okinawa to the breathtaking fjords of Greenland, and from Paris’s post-Olympic charm to Bhutan’s serene landscapes. Bruce and Jackie take you on a journey through the unique flavors, cultures, and experiences that make each destination unforgettable. Tune in for expert insights into off-the-beaten-path escapes in Greece, expeditions to West Papua, and luxury safaris in Rwanda. Whether you’re dreaming of the Amazon rainforest, India’s Himalayas, or a wintry Quebec adventure, this episode offers actionable travel tips, personal anecdotes, and surprising revelations to ignite your wanderlust. The Top Destinations episode has something for everyone, from those seeking a serene getaway to those looking for cultural immersion or a thrilling adventure. Plus, Bruce and Jackie share their own 2025 travel goals, making this your ultimate resource for travel inspiration and insight into next year’s most extraordinary journeys. Timestamps: 00:00 Welcome to Travel That Matters 00:30 Introducing the Special Co-Host 01:04 Top Destinations for 2025: Japan 03:01 Exploring Okinawa's Unique Appeal 08:18 Peru's Hidden Gem: Huaraz 11:30 Greece: Rediscovering the Classics 16:51 Indonesia's Remote Beauty: West Papua 19:44 Sicily's Untouched West 24:53 Greenland: The Last Frontier 29:48 Paris: A Timeless Destination 31:48 Traveling with Kids: A New Perspective 32:54 Exploring Versailles: Beyond a Day Trip 33:53 Luxury Hotels in Paris 34:44 Discovering India: Top Destinations 38:34 Quebec Winter Adventures 43:22 Bhutan: The Land of Happiness 47:45 Rwanda: Luxury Safaris and Gorilla Treks 55:20 Top Picks for 2025: Amazon and Iceland 57:54 Exploring the Northeast USA and Austria 01:01:56 Final Thoughts and Wrap Up Travel That Matters is a CurtCo Media production. Host: Bruce Wallin Producer: AJ Moseley Marketing: Catrin Skaperdas Music: Joey Salvia Special thanks to: Misty Belles of Virtuoso Carolyn Addison of Black Tomato Cecilia Berrocal of PromPeru Dino Michaels of Hilton Francesco Galli Zugaro of Aqua Expeditions Fulvio de Bonis of Imago Artis Gebhard Rainer of HX Expeditions Puneet Chhatwal of Taj Hotels Samuel Chamberlain of Ponant Uwern Jong of OutThere magazine Keith Vincent of WildernessSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Minął rok od przejęcia rzez obecną koalicję mediów publicznych. Czy są one lepsze niż za czasów PiSu. A może potrzeba zupełnie nowych mediów publicznych? Pogłębia się kryzys konstytucyjny. Kwestionowane są kolejne instytucje państwa. Ostatnie działania Państwowej Komisji Wyborczej stawiają nawet pod znakiem zapytania przyszłoroczne wybory prezydenckie, a wstrzymanie dotacji i subwencji Prawu i Sprawiedliwości pogłębia dysproporcje pomiędzy partiami. Czy jedynym rozwiązaniem nie jest nowa konstytucja i nowy ład instytucjonalny? Pojawiła się kandydatka lewicowa, która będzie próbowała odróżnić się od reszty, a szczególnie od Rafała Trzaskowskiego. Jaka mogłaby i powinna być polska lewica, aby przestała nam się kojarzyć z postkomunizmem permisywizmem i internacjonalizmem. O tym dyskutują Konrad Bonisławski i Kacper Kita.
Redaktorzy Nowego Ładu Adam Szabelak i Konrad Bonisławski podejmują temat przyszłości Unii Europejskiej, dyskutując kluczowe tezy artykułu "Unia Europejska na wojnie z ludami Europy" z 30 numeru Polityki Narodowej (https://nlad.pl/unia-europejska-na-wojnie-z-ludami-europy/) W ostatnich latach coraz mocniej rośnie rozdźwięk pomiędzy unijną biurokracją a interesami narodów państw członkowskich. Polityka Brukseli, zamiast służyć zrównoważonemu rozwojowi wspólnoty, coraz częściej dąży do narzucania jednolitych norm kulturowych i ideologicznych, co prowadzi do erozji tożsamości narodowych i lokalnych tradycji. Podczas rozmowy redaktorzy zastanawiają się, czy obecne działania Unii Europejskiej nie są próbą centralizacji władzy kosztem suwerenności poszczególnych państw. Poruszają kwestie nacisków ideologicznych oraz roli unijnych instytucji w kształtowaniu polityki wewnętrznej państw członkowskich. Zapraszamy do dyskusji w komentarzach – Wasze opinie są dla nas ważne! I na koniec jeszcze: Polecamy lekturę tekstów wspomnianych podczas nagrania: https://nlad.pl/raport-draghiego-paneuropejski-manifest-na-nowa-kadencje-komisji-europejskiej/ ; https://nlad.pl/polska-a-unijne-superpanstwo-czy-nasze-elity-stoja-na-strazy-suwerennosci-polski/
Tässä jaksossa vieraana on runoilija, valmentaja Ukko Kärkkäinen. Perehdymme jaksossa mm. kysymyksiin: Miksi rituaalit ovat niin tärkeitä ihmisten muutosmatkoilla ja miten ne voivat auttaa elämän haasteissa? Onko meillä todella mahdollisuus kokea yhteys kaikkeen? Tule mukaamme ihmettelemään myös joulunajan rituaaleja, sekä kuulemaan kantaesitys Ukko Kärkkäisen runosta "Vihdoinkin tunnemme yhteyden kaikkeen". Tässä linkki Ukko Kärkkäisen kotisivuille: Bonis-avibus.fi Tässä linkki Heikki Peltolan haastatteluun, johon jaksossa esitetty runo liittyy: https://youtu.be/ZlTbLd6FA40?si=iJ4TxYR61YEPJkkv Ohessa myös linkki podcastissa mainittuihin kortteihin: https://www.heartfulyoga.fi/kortit https://www.heartfulyoga.fi/selkeyden-kortit
Podczas gdy - póki co - najdalej idące projekty zmian prawodawczych w sferze obyczajowej rozbijają się o brak zgody w koalicji rządzącej, bez konieczności ingerencji prezydenta Dudy w formie weta, jest dział rządzenia, w którym poza władzą parlamentu mamy do czynienia z pełzającą rewolucją. Tą dziedziną jest edukacja. Paradoksalnie jednak dzięki minister Nowackiej polska prawica może złapać nowe momentum, przestać zajmować się sama sobą i przejść do ofensywy. I to na polu dla niej wygodnym. Pozostałe artykuły możesz czytać na
Od zacieśniania integracji europejskiej i zjednoczenia Niemiec możemy zaobserwować w Unii Europejskiej tendencję do centralizacji władzy przy jednoczesnej pogłębiającej się alienacji elit unijnych, związanej m.in. z niewielką społeczną kontrolą nad nimi. Po drugie zaś widzimy zwiększającą się z każdym rokiem dominację niemiecko-francuską. Bez osadzenia procesów integracyjnych w Europie w szerszej perspektywie budowy europejskiego imperium, a jednocześnie rywalizacji pomiędzy narodami, łatwo popaść w naiwną radość z powodu gospodarczego rozwoju oraz wyjątkowo długiego okresu braku wojen w Europie, przynajmniej na północ od Bałkanów i na zachód od Bugu. Pozostałe artykuły możesz czytać na
Pendant l'esclavage, les résistances et les visages du marronnage en Guyane française ont été multiples. Celui des Bushinengué, descendants de marrons réfugiés en forêt et venus du Suriname voisin, interpelle par la force de leur destin et la vitalité de leur culture, si singulière. Voyage entre l'Ouest guyanais et le littoral, entre passé et présent à la rencontre d'une histoire vivante. En route sur les traces du marronnage dans ce qui est aujourd'hui un département français grand de 83 000 km2, situé entre le Suriname et le Brésil et recouvert à plus de 95% par la forêt amazonienne, on comprend très vite à quel point cette géographie de montagnes et de marécages, de fleuves tumultueux et de forêts denses, a pu constituer un refuge -hostile mais possible- pour ces fugitifs, ces marrons au temps de l'esclavage qui a duré en Guyane près de 200 ans. Marronner, c'est résister à l'oppression esclavagiste. C'est à la fois user de ruse à l'intérieur du système mais aussi fuir l'habitation pour constituer, parfois, des sociétés parallèles, marronnes, en marge. Une marge entre le littoral et l'intérieur des terres, immense en Guyane, où s'enfuyaient les marrons mais aussi les Amérindiens qui trouvaient ici refuge loin du joug colonial esclavagiste. Une marge aussi entre la Guyane et le Suriname voisin, où se sont établis le long du fleuve Maroni des communautés marronnes venues du Suriname. Et c'est justement dans cette marge, passée mais aussi présente, que nous allons naviguer. Guidés par des associations culturelles marronnes, des militants et artistes de la tradition Tembé mais aussi des historiens guyanais qui s'attachent à mettre en lumière toutes les résistances à l'esclavage, et pas seulement le grand marronnage des Bushinengué. Il faut dire qu'en Guyane française, si les marrons des habitations situées sur la bande côtière ont jadis lutté, fui, pillé, constitués en bandes emmenées par les chefs Simon, Linval, Gabriel ou encore Pompée..., tôt ou tard, ils ont été rattrapés par les milices esclavagistes lancées à leurs trousses. Par contre, dans le cas du Suriname voisin, les Bushinengué littéralement « noirs de la forêt » ont eux, réussi à maintenir des sociétés originales, autonomes ; certains signant des traités de paix avec les autorités néerlandaises, d'autres comme les Bonis fuyant de l'autre côté du fleuve Maroni pour s'installer durablement sur les rives françaises. Aujourd'hui, les Bushinengué, ces descendants de marrons venus du Suriname, vivent encore majoritairement le long du Maroni, dans les fiefs historiques de Papaïchton, Maripasoula, Grand Santi ou encore Apatou situé bien plus bas sur le fleuve. De plus en plus, ce peuple fier, qui a su maintenir ses traditions dans l'isolement et la relégation, rejoint les villes et la côte. Aussi, il continue d'enjamber le fleuve Maroni du Suriname vers la Guyane, comme il l'a toujours fait à travers le temps. Ce qui vient poser des questions de reconnaissance et de papiers de ce peuple décidément transfrontalier. Au XXIème siècle, dans une société guyanaise métissée, mais souvent divisée entre les Créoles, les Bushinengué et les Amérindiens, les « Bushi » sortent du bois et revendiquent fièrement leur histoire, leurs cultures ou leur art Tembé, cet art de la fuite qui, jadis, servait de langage codé pour s'échapper et communiquer dans les grands bois. Aujourd'hui, cette tradition, sculptée au départ et désormais peinte, fascine le monde avec ses entrelacs colorés et magnétiques. Et comme les Autochtones, longtemps marginalisés avec les Bushinengué dans la zone dite tribale, ils revendiquent désormais leurs droits. Les Bushinengué représentent de nos jours près d'un ⅓ de la population guyanaise.Une série en 2 épisodes de Céline Develay-Mazurelle et Laure Allary initialement diffusée en décembre 2023. En savoir plus :- Sur le marronnage en Guyane. Un document pédagogique illustré et synthétique. En PDF- Sur les différentes résistances à l'esclavage en Guyane. L'ouvrage édité par le Jeune Historien Guyanais aux Éditions Ibis Rouge- « Maroons in Guyane, Past, Present, Future », l'ouvrage de référence des historiens Richard et Sally Price. Il a été réédité dans une version actualisée en 2022 aux Éditions « University of Georgia Press »- Le centre culturel « Mama Bobi » œuvre depuis des décennies pour la connaissance et le partage des cultures des gens du fleuve, des Bushinengué- Sur l'Ouest guyanais, ses peuples et ses enjeux, actuels comme passés : le blog « Un témoin en Guyane » animé par Joël Roy, militant associatif et ancien enseignant installé en Guyane.- Sur l'art Tembe et les marrons de Guyane : deux expositions s'étaient tenues en 2022 et 2023 à Paris. À la Maison de l'Amérique Latine et à la Galerie Dominique Fiat- Sur le travail de l'artiste Tembe Franky Amete. Un article récent sur son travail et sa trajectoire- Sur l'odyssée des Boni, un groupe Bushinengué venu du Surinam jusqu'en Guyane française : le livre de référence : « Le Monde des Marrons du Maroni en Guyane (1772-1860). La naissance d'un peuple : les Boni », paru aux Éditions Ibis Rouge, 2004. Par l'historien Jean Moomou- Les Bushinengue, en images. À travers le travail du photographe italien Nicola Lo Calzo.
Pendant l'esclavage, les résistances et les visages du marronnage en Guyane française ont été multiples. Celui des Bushinengué, descendants de marrons réfugiés en forêt et venus du Suriname voisin, interpelle par la force de leur destin et la vitalité de leur culture, si singulière. Voyage entre l'Ouest guyanais et le littoral, entre passé et présent à la rencontre d'une histoire vivante. En route sur les traces du marronnage dans ce qui est aujourd'hui un département français grand de 83 000 km2, situé entre le Suriname et le Brésil et recouvert à plus de 95% par la forêt amazonienne, on comprend très vite à quel point cette géographie de montagnes et de marécages, de fleuves tumultueux et de forêts denses, a pu constituer un refuge -hostile mais possible- pour ces fugitifs, ces marrons au temps de l'esclavage qui a duré en Guyane près de 200 ans. Marronner, c'est résister à l'oppression esclavagiste. C'est à la fois user de ruse à l'intérieur du système mais aussi fuir l'habitation pour constituer, parfois, des sociétés parallèles, marronnes, en marge. Une marge entre le littoral et l'intérieur des terres, immense en Guyane, où s'enfuyaient les marrons mais aussi les Amérindiens qui trouvaient ici refuge loin du joug colonial esclavagiste. Une marge aussi entre la Guyane et le Suriname voisin, où se sont établis le long du fleuve Maroni des communautés marronnes venues du Suriname. Et c'est justement dans cette marge, passée mais aussi présente, que nous allons naviguer. Guidés par des associations culturelles marronnes, des militants et artistes de la tradition Tembé mais aussi des historiens guyanais qui s'attachent à mettre en lumière toutes les résistances à l'esclavage, et pas seulement le grand marronnage des Bushinengué. Il faut dire qu'en Guyane française, si les marrons des habitations situées sur la bande côtière ont jadis lutté, fui, pillé, constitués en bandes emmenées par les chefs Simon, Linval, Gabriel ou encore Pompée..., tôt ou tard, ils ont été rattrapés par les milices esclavagistes lancées à leurs trousses. Par contre, dans le cas du Suriname voisin, les Bushinengué littéralement « noirs de la forêt » ont eux, réussi à maintenir des sociétés originales, autonomes ; certains signant des traités de paix avec les autorités néerlandaises, d'autres comme les Bonis fuyant de l'autre côté du fleuve Maroni pour s'installer durablement sur les rives françaises. Aujourd'hui, les Bushinengué, ces descendants de marrons venus du Suriname, vivent encore majoritairement le long du Maroni, dans les fiefs historiques de Papaïchton, Maripasoula, Grand Santi ou encore Apatou situé bien plus bas sur le fleuve. De plus en plus, ce peuple fier, qui a su maintenir ses traditions dans l'isolement et la relégation, rejoint les villes et la côte. Aussi, il continue d'enjamber le fleuve Maroni du Suriname vers la Guyane, comme il l'a toujours fait à travers le temps. Ce qui vient poser des questions de reconnaissance et de papiers de ce peuple décidément transfrontalier. Au XXIème siècle, dans une société guyanaise métissée, mais souvent divisée entre les Créoles, les Bushinengué et les Amérindiens, les « Bushi » sortent du bois et revendiquent fièrement leur histoire, leurs cultures ou leur art Tembé, cet art de la fuite qui, jadis, servait de langage codé pour s'échapper et communiquer dans les grands bois. Aujourd'hui, cette tradition, sculptée au départ et désormais peinte, fascine le monde avec ses entrelacs colorés et magnétiques. Et comme les Autochtones, longtemps marginalisés avec les Bushinengué dans la zone dite tribale, ils revendiquent désormais leurs droits. Les Bushinengué représentent de nos jours près d'un ⅓ de la population guyanaise.Une série en 2 épisodes de Céline Develay-Mazurelle et Laure Allary initialement diffusée en décembre 2023. En savoir plus :- Sur le marronnage en Guyane. Un document pédagogique illustré et synthétique. En PDF- Sur les différentes résistances à l'esclavage en Guyane. L'ouvrage édité par le Jeune Historien Guyanais aux Éditions Ibis Rouge- « Maroons in Guyane, Past, Present, Future », l'ouvrage de référence des historiens Richard et Sally Price. Il a été réédité dans une version actualisée en 2022 aux Éditions « University of Georgia Press »- Le centre culturel « Mama Bobi » œuvre depuis des décennies pour la connaissance et le partage des cultures des gens du fleuve, des Bushinengué- Sur l'Ouest guyanais, ses peuples et ses enjeux, actuels comme passés : le blog « Un témoin en Guyane » animé par Joël Roy, militant associatif et ancien enseignant installé en Guyane.- Sur l'art Tembe et les marrons de Guyane : deux expositions s'étaient tenues en 2022 et 2023 à Paris. À la Maison de l'Amérique Latine et à la Galerie Dominique Fiat- Sur le travail de l'artiste Tembe Franky Amete. Un article récent sur son travail et sa trajectoire- Sur l'odyssée des Boni, un groupe Bushinengué venu du Surinam jusqu'en Guyane française : le livre de référence : « Le Monde des Marrons du Maroni en Guyane (1772-1860). La naissance d'un peuple : les Boni », paru aux Éditions Ibis Rouge, 2004. Par l'historien Jean Moomou- Les Bushinengue, en images. À travers le travail du photographe italien Nicola Lo Calzo.
Co rozłam w Lewicy Razem oznacza dla całej sceny politycznej? Czy jest w Polsce miejsce na partie symetrystyczne i programowe? Jak przyszłość czeka lewicę w Polsce i czy w ogóle ma ona jakąkolwiek przyszłość? Co zawiera projekt ustawy o rejestrowanych związkach partnerskich? Czy polscy tradycjonaliści i konserwatyści obudzą się i zaprotestują przeciwko de facto małżeństwom jednopłciowym? Fotokolaż: Krzysztof Zatycki/ZUMA / SplashNews.com/East News/ Adam Chelstowski/FORUM / Forum
Pendant l'esclavage, les résistances et les visages du marronnage en Guyane française ont été multiples. Celui des Bushinengué, descendants de marrons réfugiés en forêt et venus du Suriname voisin, interpelle par la force de leur destin et la vitalité de leur culture, si singulière. Voyage entre l'Ouest guyanais et le littoral, entre passé et présent à la rencontre d'une histoire vivante. En route sur les traces du marronnage dans ce qui est aujourd'hui un département français grand de 83 000 km2, situé entre le Suriname et le Brésil et recouvert à plus de 95% par la forêt amazonienne, on comprend très vite à quel point cette géographie de montagnes et de marécages, de fleuves tumultueux et de forêts denses, a pu constituer un refuge -hostile mais possible- pour ces fugitifs, ces marrons au temps de l'esclavage qui a duré en Guyane près de 200 ans. Marronner, c'est résister à l'oppression esclavagiste. C'est à la fois user de ruse à l'intérieur du système mais aussi fuir l'habitation pour constituer, parfois, des sociétés parallèles, marronnes, en marge. Une marge entre le littoral et l'intérieur des terres, immense en Guyane, où s'enfuyaient les marrons mais aussi les Amérindiens qui trouvaient ici refuge loin du joug colonial esclavagiste. Une marge aussi entre la Guyane et le Suriname voisin, où se sont établis le long du fleuve Maroni des communautés marronnes venues du Suriname. Et c'est justement dans cette marge, passée mais aussi présente, que nous allons naviguer. Guidés par des associations culturelles marronnes, des militants et artistes de la tradition Tembé mais aussi des historiens guyanais qui s'attachent à mettre en lumière toutes les résistances à l'esclavage, et pas seulement le grand marronnage des Bushinengué. Il faut dire qu'en Guyane française, si les marrons des habitations situées sur la bande côtière ont jadis lutté, fui, pillé, constitués en bandes emmenées par les chefs Simon, Linval, Gabriel ou encore Pompée..., tôt ou tard, ils ont été rattrapés par les milices esclavagistes lancées à leurs trousses. Par contre, dans le cas du Suriname voisin, les Bushinengué littéralement « noirs de la forêt » ont eux, réussi à maintenir des sociétés originales, autonomes ; certains signant des traités de paix avec les autorités néerlandaises, d'autres comme les Bonis fuyant de l'autre côté du fleuve Maroni pour s'installer durablement sur les rives françaises. Aujourd'hui, les Bushinengué, ces descendants de marrons venus du Suriname, vivent encore majoritairement le long du Maroni, dans les fiefs historiques de Papaïchton, Maripasoula, Grand Santi ou encore Apatou situé bien plus bas sur le fleuve. De plus en plus, ce peuple fier, qui a su maintenir ses traditions dans l'isolement et la relégation, rejoint les villes et la côte. Aussi, il continue d'enjamber le fleuve Maroni du Suriname vers la Guyane, comme il l'a toujours fait à travers le temps. Ce qui vient poser des questions de reconnaissance et de papiers de ce peuple décidément transfrontalier. Au XXIème siècle, dans une société guyanaise métissée, mais souvent divisée entre les Créoles, les Bushinengué et les Amérindiens, les « Bushi » sortent du bois et revendiquent fièrement leur histoire, leurs cultures ou leur art Tembé, cet art de la fuite qui, jadis, servait de langage codé pour s'échapper et communiquer dans les grands bois. Aujourd'hui, cette tradition, sculptée au départ et désormais peinte, fascine le monde avec ses entrelacs colorés et magnétiques. Et comme les Autochtones, longtemps marginalisés avec les Bushinengué dans la zone dite tribale, ils revendiquent désormais leurs droits. Les Bushinengué représentent de nos jours près d'un ⅓ de la population guyanaise.Une série en 2 épisodes de Céline Develay-Mazurelle et Laure Allary initialement diffusée en décembre 2023.En savoir plus :- Sur le marronnage en Guyane. Un document pédagogique illustré et synthétique. En PDF- Sur les différentes résistances à l'esclavage en Guyane. L'ouvrage édité par le Jeune Historien Guyanais aux Éditions Ibis Rouge- « Maroons in Guyane, Past, Present, Future », l'ouvrage de référence des historiens Richard et Sally Price. Il a été réédité dans une version actualisée en 2022 aux Éditions « University of Georgia Press »- Le centre culturel « Mama Bobi » œuvre depuis des décennies pour la connaissance et le partage des cultures des gens du fleuve, des Bushinengué- Sur l'Ouest guyanais, ses peuples et ses enjeux, actuels comme passés : le blog « Un témoin en Guyane » animé par Joël Roy, militant associatif et ancien enseignant installé en Guyane.- Sur l'art Tembe et les marrons de Guyane : deux expositions s'étaient tenues en 2022 et 2023 à Paris. À la Maison de l'Amérique Latine et à la Galerie Dominique Fiat- Sur le travail de l'artiste Tembe Franky Amete. Un article récent sur son travail et sa trajectoire- Sur l'odyssée des Boni, un groupe Bushinengué venu du Surinam jusqu'en Guyane française : le livre de référence : « Le Monde des Marrons du Maroni en Guyane (1772-1860). La naissance d'un peuple : les Boni », paru aux Éditions Ibis Rouge, 2004. Par l'historien Jean Moomou- Les Bushinengue, en images. À travers le travail du photographe italien Nicola Lo Calzo.
Pendant l'esclavage, les résistances et les visages du marronnage en Guyane française ont été multiples. Celui des Bushinengué, descendants de marrons réfugiés en forêt et venus du Suriname voisin, interpelle par la force de leur destin et la vitalité de leur culture, si singulière. Voyage entre l'Ouest guyanais et le littoral, entre passé et présent à la rencontre d'une histoire vivante. En route sur les traces du marronnage dans ce qui est aujourd'hui un département français grand de 83 000 km2, situé entre le Suriname et le Brésil et recouvert à plus de 95% par la forêt amazonienne, on comprend très vite à quel point cette géographie de montagnes et de marécages, de fleuves tumultueux et de forêts denses, a pu constituer un refuge -hostile mais possible- pour ces fugitifs, ces marrons au temps de l'esclavage qui a duré en Guyane près de 200 ans. Marronner, c'est résister à l'oppression esclavagiste. C'est à la fois user de ruse à l'intérieur du système mais aussi fuir l'habitation pour constituer, parfois, des sociétés parallèles, marronnes, en marge. Une marge entre le littoral et l'intérieur des terres, immense en Guyane, où s'enfuyaient les marrons mais aussi les Amérindiens qui trouvaient ici refuge loin du joug colonial esclavagiste. Une marge aussi entre la Guyane et le Suriname voisin, où se sont établis le long du fleuve Maroni des communautés marronnes venues du Suriname. Et c'est justement dans cette marge, passée mais aussi présente, que nous allons naviguer. Guidés par des associations culturelles marronnes, des militants et artistes de la tradition Tembé mais aussi des historiens guyanais qui s'attachent à mettre en lumière toutes les résistances à l'esclavage, et pas seulement le grand marronnage des Bushinengué. Il faut dire qu'en Guyane française, si les marrons des habitations situées sur la bande côtière ont jadis lutté, fui, pillé, constitués en bandes emmenées par les chefs Simon, Linval, Gabriel ou encore Pompée..., tôt ou tard, ils ont été rattrapés par les milices esclavagistes lancées à leurs trousses. Par contre, dans le cas du Suriname voisin, les Bushinengué littéralement « noirs de la forêt » ont eux, réussi à maintenir des sociétés originales, autonomes ; certains signant des traités de paix avec les autorités néerlandaises, d'autres comme les Bonis fuyant de l'autre côté du fleuve Maroni pour s'installer durablement sur les rives françaises. Aujourd'hui, les Bushinengué, ces descendants de marrons venus du Suriname, vivent encore majoritairement le long du Maroni, dans les fiefs historiques de Papaïchton, Maripasoula, Grand Santi ou encore Apatou situé bien plus bas sur le fleuve. De plus en plus, ce peuple fier, qui a su maintenir ses traditions dans l'isolement et la relégation, rejoint les villes et la côte. Aussi, il continue d'enjamber le fleuve Maroni du Suriname vers la Guyane, comme il l'a toujours fait à travers le temps. Ce qui vient poser des questions de reconnaissance et de papiers de ce peuple décidément transfrontalier. Au XXIème siècle, dans une société guyanaise métissée, mais souvent divisée entre les Créoles, les Bushinengué et les Amérindiens, les « Bushi » sortent du bois et revendiquent fièrement leur histoire, leurs cultures ou leur art Tembé, cet art de la fuite qui, jadis, servait de langage codé pour s'échapper et communiquer dans les grands bois. Aujourd'hui, cette tradition, sculptée au départ et désormais peinte, fascine le monde avec ses entrelacs colorés et magnétiques. Et comme les Autochtones, longtemps marginalisés avec les Bushinengué dans la zone dite tribale, ils revendiquent désormais leurs droits. Les Bushinengué représentent de nos jours près d'un ⅓ de la population guyanaise.Une série en 2 épisodes de Céline Develay-Mazurelle et Laure Allary initialement diffusée en décembre 2023.En savoir plus :- Sur le marronnage en Guyane. Un document pédagogique illustré et synthétique. En PDF- Sur les différentes résistances à l'esclavage en Guyane. L'ouvrage édité par le Jeune Historien Guyanais aux Éditions Ibis Rouge- « Maroons in Guyane, Past, Present, Future », l'ouvrage de référence des historiens Richard et Sally Price. Il a été réédité dans une version actualisée en 2022 aux Éditions « University of Georgia Press »- Le centre culturel « Mama Bobi » œuvre depuis des décennies pour la connaissance et le partage des cultures des gens du fleuve, des Bushinengué- Sur l'Ouest guyanais, ses peuples et ses enjeux, actuels comme passés : le blog « Un témoin en Guyane » animé par Joël Roy, militant associatif et ancien enseignant installé en Guyane.- Sur l'art Tembe et les marrons de Guyane : deux expositions s'étaient tenues en 2022 et 2023 à Paris. À la Maison de l'Amérique Latine et à la Galerie Dominique Fiat- Sur le travail de l'artiste Tembe Franky Amete. Un article récent sur son travail et sa trajectoire- Sur l'odyssée des Boni, un groupe Bushinengué venu du Surinam jusqu'en Guyane française : le livre de référence : « Le Monde des Marrons du Maroni en Guyane (1772-1860). La naissance d'un peuple : les Boni », paru aux Éditions Ibis Rouge, 2004. Par l'historien Jean Moomou- Les Bushinengue, en images. À travers le travail du photographe italien Nicola Lo Calzo.
A new app is out that has Willie concerned. The Death Clock app tells you when you are going to die. When it comes to health, Willie has one person to turn to. Liz Bonis explains what the Death Clock app is to Willie.
A new app is out that has Willie concerned. The Death Clock app tells you when you are going to die. When it comes to health, Willie has one person to turn to. Liz Bonis explains what the Death Clock app is to Willie.
A new app is out that has Willie concerned. The Death Clock app tells you when you are going to die. When it comes to health, Willie has one person to turn to. Liz Bonis explains what the Death Clock app is to Willie.
Willie talks with health reporter Liz Bonis about the pros and cons of weight loss drugs like Ozempic.
Willie talks with health reporter Liz Bonis about the pros and cons of weight loss drugs like Ozempic.
Willie talks with health reporter Liz Bonis about the pros and cons of weight loss drugs like Ozempic.
This episode of Globally Speaking celebrates 40 years of innovation from Trados Studio. Paul Filkin, Senior Director of Customer Enablement at RWS, speaks to Anna Rita de Bonis, Software Accessibility Specialist and Trainer for the Visually Impaired at RWS, who explains how she has helped us challenge the translation industry by helping to make Trados Studio accessible to visually impaired language specialists. Hear about Anna Rita‘s experience as a blind user of Trados and other CAT tools in the second part of the episode. The latest version of the industry-leading CAT tool, Studio 2024, includes exciting new features that improve accessibility, democratize access to generative AI and increase management capabilities. Learn more about it here: [Trados](https://www.trados.com/)
This episode of Globally Speaking celebrates 40 years of innovation from Trados Studio. Paul Filkin, Senior Director of Customer Enablement at RWS, speaks to Anna Rita de Bonis, Software Accessibility Specialist and Trainer for the Visually Impaired at RWS, who explains how she has helped us challenge the translation industry by helping to make Trados Studio accessible to visually impaired language specialists. Hear about Anna Rita‘s experience as a blind user of Trados and other CAT tools in the first part of the episode. The latest version of the industry-leading CAT tool, Studio 2024, includes exciting new features that improve accessibility, democratize access to generative AI and increase management capabilities. Learn more about it here: [Trados](https://www.trados.com/)
Willie is joined by health reporter Liz Bonis to discuss the dangers of weight loss drugs like Ozempic, and why you should think twice about taking it to lose a few pounds.
Willie is joined by health reporter Liz Bonis to discuss the dangers of weight loss drugs like Ozempic, and why you should think twice about taking it to lose a few pounds.
Willie is joined by health reporter Liz Bonis to discuss the dangers of weight loss drugs like Ozempic, and why you should think twice about taking it to lose a few pounds.
Selon des dossiers d'accès à l'information obtenus par la Fédération canadienne des contribuables, la Société Radio-Canada aurait versé 14,9 M$ en primes en 2023. Cela fait suite à l'annonce faite par CBC en décembre dernier indiquant que le radiodiffuseur public envisageait de licencier des centaines d'employés. Entrevue avec Nicolas Gagnon, directeur (Québec) pour la Fédération canadienne des contribuables.Pour de l'information concernant l'utilisation de vos données personnelles - https://omnystudio.com/policies/listener/fr
Avant un nouvel épisode, les paillettes discutent d'apéro, de chats, et de sécurité...tiens tiens... Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.
Scientists have brought new meaning to the phrase "Grow a pair!" Willie talks with Health reporter Liz Bonis about how scientist have learned how to grow functioning testicles.
Scientists have brought new meaning to the phrase "Grow a pair!" Willie talks with Health reporter Liz Bonis about how scientist have learned how to grow functioning testicles.
It's the day after Valentines Day. How many men woke up this morning with a penial fracture? Willie brings on health expert Liz Bonis to discuss what a penial fracture is, and how to treat it.
Fulvio de Bonis, president and founder of Imago Artis Travel, talks with James Shillinglaw of Insider Travel Report at last month's ILTM Cannes luxury show about his destination management company specializing in luxury Italy vacations. De Bonis tells you how his company can help your clients discover Italy in a whole new way. For more information, visit www.iatravel.com. If interested, the original video of this podcast can be found on the Insider Travel Report Youtube channel or by searching for the podcast's title on Youtube.
Last time we spoke about the invasion of the Treasury Islands. The time had come to begin operations against Bougainville, but in order to do so the allies had a few tricks up their sleeves. In order to make sure the landings at Cape Torokina at Empress Augusta Bay went safely, the allies would perform raids against Choiseul and the Treasury islands. It was hoped such actions would work as a diversion and confused the Japanese as to where the real operations were aimed. The landing on Mono saw some New Zealanders and Americans annihilate a 200 strong Japanese garrison. On Choiseul Paratroopers boldly raided a force 6 times larger than them. The raid was a success and thanks to John F Kennedy the Paratroopers were grabbed off the island before the Japanese could obliterate them. In the end the landings at Cape Torokina were a success and now a battle would be unleashed. This episode is the battle of Empress Augusta Bay Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945. So last time we covered the planning behind Operation Cherryblossom, the landings at Cape Torokina. As a means of confusing the enemy, the allies also chose to invade the Treasury islands and raided Choiseul. With Operation Cherryblossom in full swing, so begins the Bougainville campaign which we are going to be diving into now. At the end of October, after successfully invading the Treasury islands and the extremely bold attack upon Choiseul where the Paratroopers were outnumbered 6-1, combined with General Kenny's 5th air force and AirSols neutralizing Rabaul and nearly every airfield on Bougainville, the landings at Cape Torokina were finally launched. In a final act to aid operation cherryblossom, Admiral Sherman's Task force 38 departed Espiritu Santo on October 28th and Admiral Merrills Task Force did the same from Florida island on November 1st. They hoped to rendezvous near the Buka Passage three days later so they could prepare an attack against the Buka and Bonis airfields. During the morning of November 1st, Admiral Merrill's cruisers arrived to their station and began firing upon the arifields. Then Sherman's carriers arrived off Buka passage to launch two separate air strikes. The first airstrike consisting of eighteen fighters, fifteen dive bombers, and eleven torpedo bombers hit Buka just after daylight. The second consisting of fourteen fighters, twenty-one dive bombers, and eleven torpedo bombers hit Buka again at midmorning. The airstrikes managed to shoot up a number of small ships within the harbor. Meanwhile after firing 2700 5 and 6 inch shells all over Buka and Bonis's airfields, Merrils task force 39 departed the Shortlands to bombard Poporang, Ballalo and Faisi. On November 2nd, Sherman performed air strikes against Buka and Bonis's fields before departing south for Guadalcanal. Within those two days the Americans estimated they had destroyed around 30 aircraft and several small ships at the cost of 11 aircraft lost. The attacks had rendered the two Japanese airfields closest to Empress Augusta Bay basically unusable for when the landings would be made. The Japanese were now convinced that any invasion of Bougainville would have to be countered with all the aircraft and ships available within the southern theater. Yet they could not concentrate their entire naval and air forces against the Solomons, because the American and Australian forces on New Guinea would most likely be performing a landing on New Britain at any moment. Admiral Koga also expected the Americans to attempt a landing in the Gilbert or Marshalls. Thus the two pronged allied strategy was serving to freeze the Japanese army units within the New Guinea and Solomon areas. Meanwhile Admiral Wilkinson's task force 31 were making final preparations for transport the 3rd Marine division. The amphibious assault would be facing a landing area defended by roughly 270 men. Once they overcame them, a defense perimeter would have to be hastily made because it was certain the Japanese commander on Bougainville would hammer them hard. General Vandergrift's plan was to land the 3rd and 9th marine regiments of Colonel George McHenry and Colonel Edward Craig and the 2nd raider battalion of Lt Colonel Joseph McCaffery abreast on 11 designated beaches covering a distance of 8000 or so yards. The 3rd raider battalion lt be Lt colonel Fred Beans would land at the same time on Puruata island to overcome an estimated 70 Japanese defenders there. Wilkinson wanted to land the forces abreast as quickly as possible and to have the transport unload the supplies off the bay by nightfall because he expected a rapid Japanese response, similar to what had occurred at Savo island. On October 28th, General Turnage's men departed the New Hebrides in 20 combat transports and cargo ships commanded by Commodore Lawrence Reifsnider. The convoy proceeded using different routes, hoping to prevent the Japanese from discovering the size of their force, the three transport divisions would rendezvous with Wilkinsons destroyers by October 31st. Once linked up they would approach Bougainville under the cover of naval PBYs and Liberators. During the morning of November 1st, Minesweepers led by the destroyer Wadsworth were sent in to clear mines from the landing areas and to determine how dangerous the shoals were. The minesweepers found no mines, but did find plenty of uncharted shoals. Wadsworth radar confirmed that Cape Torokina's position within their naval charts was misplaced. Wadsworth had a number of tasks ahead of her. In addition to helping with the fire support at a range of around 3000 yards, she was to use her radar to confirm the actual location of Cape Torokina, Puruata island and the landing beaches. The coast of Bougainville had been chartered by the German Admiralty in 1890. The Germans had placed Cape Torokina and Mutupina Point around 9 miles southwest of their actual locations. Thankfully the submarine USS Guardfish reported that the air force and naval charts had misplaced Cape Torokina by around 7 miles and this is why Wadsworth was sent to investigate. Unsexy logistical stuff, but gravely important, as you don't want to waste any time during an amphibious landing searching for a lost beach. Wilkinson decided not the land the men until after daylight when it was possible to detect the offshore shoals. Shortly before sunrise, the minesweepers and destroyers began their bombardment. The Sigourney and Wadsworth fired at ranges of 13,000 yards upon Puruata Island, while the Terry bombarded closer to the shore of Cape Torokina. As each transport passed the cape, they fired 3 inch anti-aircraft guns hoping to hit Japanese positions or at least minimize their artillery. By 6:45am the transports began arriving off the beaches around 3000 yards from the shore. At 7:10am the LCVP's began taking men ashore. Simultaneously Wilkinsons destroyers began systematically bombarding the perimeter while 31 bombers from New Georgia bombed and strafed the landing areas. Within a few minutes around 7500 troops, roughly half of the total force were scrambling ashore and unloading with great speed and smoothness. The preliminary bombardment had failed however to smash the well concealed Japanese machine gun nests located on the southern beaches. These machine gun nests unleashed their lead upon the landing craft. The landing craft bearing a third of the force had immediately come under fire from Puruata island and some pillboxes on Cape Torokina. The 3rd raiders in particular were hit by machine gun fire from Puruata. Around 4 land craft were sunk from this, 10 others were badly damaged, over 70 men would be lost in the process. The 9th marines landed themselves on 5 beaches to the north and were lucky to find little resistance from the Japanese. Once ashore they sorted themselves out quickly and began to move inland to discover the terrain was a nightmare. The beaches where they were led straight into some impassable swamp land. Nevertheless where there is a will there is a way, the marines began using fallen logs and debris to traverse the swamp until they came across some solid ground. By midmorning they would establish a narrow perimeter and began patrolling the greater area. They would establish a strong outpost on the Laruma River by 1pm. The boat crews were experienced a lot of issues with the high surf, combined with a lock of experience amongst them. Some of the LCVPS found themselves smashing into another, some dropped their men in deep water, some did not lower their ramps properly and the marines were forced to toss themselves over the sides into waist deep water. More than 30 landing craft were wrecked during the initial phase of the operation. Around 64 LCVPS and 22 LCMS were beached, many with damage beyond repair. The 3rd marines and 2nd raiders would have a hell of a time landing. The 3rd marines landing south of the Koromokina river, they had no issues with shoals, nor the high surf, but they had landed directly in front of the main Japanese defenses. There was roughly 300 Japanese, but they did not have permanent defenses along the beaches of Yellow 2, Blue 2, and Blue 3. As the 3rd marines landed they began fighting with some Japanese killing many and sending them fleeing into the Jungle. Patrols were quickly organized who worked alongside the 2nd raiders patrols to fan out. The raiders upon landing found tougher resistance in the form of a reinforced platoon operating out of two bunkers and trenches located 30 yards inland. Once the raiders had blasted out the bunkers, the remaining Japanese began to retreat into the jungle. Like the 9th marines they would find swamp lands ahead of Yellow 1 making it difficult to advance. By midmorning the raiders reached the Buretoni Mission Trail. The main Japanese resistance hit the men who landed at Blue 1, just adjacent to Cape Torokina. There the Japanese had constructed 25 large and small log and earthen pillboxes around the perimeter of the cape. There were trenches connecting the pillboxes, some of the larger pillboxes measuring 6 feet by 6 feet, containing 75mm field guns. Each pillbox was covered by earth and camouflaged using jungle plants. Only 3 pillboxes had been hit by the naval and aerial bombardments prior to the landings. When the Americans hit the beaches in the area they immediately were forced to charge into the enemy bunkers. The Japanese 75 mm gun at Cape Torokina caused havoc upon the attackers. It was a well placed log and sand bunker and its approaches were protected by two smaller bunkers with a series of trenches manned by numerous Japanese. Sergeant Robert Owens of A company, 3rd marines grabbed 4 marines and charged the two small bunkers directly upon the mouths of some machine guns. The marines entered an emplacement through a fire port and drove the gun crew out. The surrounded trenches concentrated their fire on the brave marines, Sergeant Owns would be found later dead riddled with bullets. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for the action. Lt Colonel Joseph McCaffery was immediately mortally struck four times in the chest as he led the marines forward, he was replaced temporarily by Major Alan Shapley for the 2nd raiders. Despite the horrible losses the Americans cleared the Japanese positions and pushed further inland to pursue and kill the fleeing defenders. It is worthy to mention over 24 Doberman Pinschers, the official dog of the USMC between 1943-1945 from the 1st marine dog platoon proved invaluable during this point of the battle. The dogs were able to point out hidden snipers concealed in underbrushed. 549 War dogs would return from the war with only 4 not being able to return to civilian life, all very good boys. The 3rd raiders landing at Puruta had nearly all their boats shot at, but it was mostly small machine gun fire and did little to no damage. The Japanese had 3 or 4 deep well sandbagged emplacement on the seaward side where their machine guns nests fired upon the raiders. It took the raiders two hours upon landing to secure their beachhead around125 yards inland. Beans committed his reserves early in the afternoon, supported by some 75mm guns borrowed from the 9th marines, they moved halfway across the island, encountering sporadic Japanese sniper fire. The Japanese were outnumbered, by 3:30pm their resistance all but ended. The marines suffered 5 deaths and 32 wounded, around 29 dead Japanese would be found. They estimated another 70 Japanese escaped to Bougainville. Soon after all the landing craft began to pull out, the Japanese began launching air strikes. For around two hours the transports and supply ships were zigzagging for their lives to evade dive bombers and fighters coming from Rabaul. The first air strike consisted of 9 Vals and 44 Zeros, they hit at around 7:35am almost immediately after the landings were made. General Twinning's 8 Kittyhawks and 8 P-38s managed to fight them off, downing 7 Japanese aircraft. The Wedsworth received a near miss during the battle. 10 minutes later, AirSols beat off another attack taking down another 8 Japanese aircraft. During the last attack, roughly 70 Japanese aircraft came in around 1pm and were met by 34 AirSols fighters. After all three attacked, the Japanese has used around 120 aircraft and lost 26, inflicting no serious damage to allied ships nor the marines ashore. But the air attacks did result in major delays for the unloading of supplies for some hours. To try and speed up the unloading process, Wilkinson stripped some men from the assault units to help unload cargo ashore. Additionally Wilkinson employed a method of light combat loading. It would take some days for the beaches to be fully sorted out, while the naval forces departed Empress Augusta Bay before nightfall to return to Guadalcanal. Thus 14,000 men and 6200 tons of supplies had been successfully placed ashore in 8 hours. By the end of the first day the marines had contested a ⅓ sector and reached their initial objectives, digging in uncomfortably for the night under torrential rain. The divisional perimeter was established by forward landing teams, who had very little to work with for maps. To the extreme left of the perimeter would be Company G of the 9th marines, who were in a vulnerable spot along the Lrauma river. Lucky for them the Japanese were quite disorganized and many were located southeast of Cape Torokina. At dusk there was only sporadic sniper fire directed at the ⅓ in the vicinity of the cape plantation and later an attack was made against the 2nd raiders at a roadblock they established along Mission Trail. General Turnage was now the official owner of a new lodgement on Bougainville. Generals Imamura and Hyakutake were quite slow to react to the landings. They sent the Iwasa detachment led by Major General Iwasa Shun, commanding the 6th infantry group. Backing him up would be the 1st and 3rd battalions of the 23rd regiment. Their first task was to hit the new enemy beachhead. As predicted by the allies, Admirals Kusaka and Samejima mustered every naval and aerial strength they had to try and smash the invaders. As part of Operation RO, Admiral Koga had sent over 250 aircraft from the 5 carriers of Admiral Ozawa's air fleet. Koga specifically stated the bulk of these were only going to be loaned for a short time, obviously they would have to return to the main fleet. Well the invasion of Bougainville certainly upset the plans, the planes would not be coming back on schedule. As Admiral Fukudome SHigeri, Koga's Chief of staff would later note “although the planes were not originally to be used in such offensive operations, we could not just stand by and not employ them." By midday on October the 31st, the Japanese had discovered the American task force that had departed Guadalcanal en route for Bougainville. The IJN were determined to interrupt the operation. Kusaka sent a cruiser-destroyer task force led by Vice admiral Omori Sentaro. Departing Rabual Omori had the two heavy cruisers, Myoko and Haguro; two light cruisers, Sendai and Nagara; and two destroyers. Now Omori was the commander of Cruiser division 5 of the Combined fleet, not of the 8th fleet. He just happened to be at Rabaul covering the movement of the 17th division at the time, he was given command of his division and the main strength of the 8th fleet. Omori sailed out at 3pm in the direction of the Shortland islands believing that to be the allied target. Poor weather hindered his force and his search planes failed to locate any allied ships. Thus by 9am on November the 1st he was on his way back to Rabaul. Yet right as his ships were turning around, suddenly they received reports that the Americans had hit the beaches of Cape Torokina. Omori was quickly reinforced with a destroyer squadron and a destroyer transport group consisting of the Amagiri, Fumizuki, Uzuki, Yunagi and Minazuki each carrying 200 troops of a 1000 special trained raider group of the 17th division. This was the 2nd mobile raiding units from the 2nd battalion, 54th regiment led by Major Miwa Mitsuhiro. They were going to perform a counter landing against the marines at Mutupino point near the village of Toroko, due south of the marine beachhead. Within 6 hours, Omoro departed once again to hit the enemy fleet, but he lacked a real battle plan. At 6:30pm Omori rendezvoused with the transports at the St. George channel and together they proceeded towards Bougainville. At 7:20 the convoy was spotted by an american bomber who dropped a bomb nearly hitting the Sendai. Based on this Omori knew the Americans knew he was coming so he concluded a counterlanding was far too dangerous. Instead he decided to send the slower destroyer transports back to Rabaul. Omori believed the enemy transports were still in Empress Augusta Bay, thus if he could sneak in and destroy them, the marines would be stuck on the island without much of their supplies and without hope of quick rescue. Meanwhile Merrills task force 39 had retired to the vicinity of Vella Lavella, but soon received news of Omori's incoming convoy. Halsey had to order his only naval force in the area to go out once again to protect the beachhead and intercept the enemy. Merrills crews had been at it for more than 24 hours by this point and were quite exhausted. Now Merrill's force went in very cautiously, because they were aware the Japanese would be outgunning them and of course the IJN held the dreaded long lance torpedoes. Thus Merrill chose to detach his destroyers who would go out in front to see if they could intercept Omori's forces before the long lances could be put to use. He intended to take the fight to the west of Empress Augusta Bay where he could block the enemy from the beachhead. He had his leading destroyers 3 miles ahead and deployed his forces along a north-south axis with the cruisers in the center, maintaining a range of 19,000 yards or more from the deadly IJN destroyers and their feared long lances. His plan was to exploit the offensive capabilities of his destroyers by letting them unleash their attacks before he would have his cruisers unleash their 6 inch guns. He hoped his destroyers would be able to sneak into range and hit the Japanese destroyers before they could launch their torpedo salvos. Omori was at a disadvantage intelligence wise, he had no idea about Merrills forces whereabouts. Moreover he had to rely on spotter planes because he was forewarned their radar would give away their location to the enemy if used. As Omori would later tell interrogators “We had some modified aircraft radar sets in action but they were unreliable. I do not know whether the sets or operators were poor, but I did not have confidence in them.” Thus he had no idea of the position or size of the American flotilla, still he believed the enemy transports were in the bay, though in reality they would be nearly 40 miles south. Omori still lacking any real battle plan arrayed his force in three columns with his two heavy cruisers Myoko and Haguro in the center; Ijuins screen of light cruiser Sendai; and destroyers Shiratsuyu, Samidare and Shigure to the left and rear admiral Osugi Morikazu's screen of light cruiser Agano; and destroyers Wakatsuki, Hatsukaze and Naganami. As the Japanese approached the area, task force 39 were sailing 20 miles west of the beachhead. Merrills flagship Montpelier was the first to make radar contact with the enemy at 2:30 on November 2nd. Omori's fleet was 35,900 yards out. Merrill's changed his course to head due north then reversed south with his cruisers to find a favorable position to try and cross Omori's T. Merrill sent Commander Bernard Austins destroyed out to hit the Japanese southern flank while Captain Burke was ordered to take an intercept course that would force the Japanese to be in a vulnerable position for the destroyers to launch torpedoes into their left flank. At 2:45am a Japanese aircraft finally spotted the Americans and began dropping flares over them to allowed the light cruiser Sendai to lead the northern column over. However by this point it was all but too late for the Japanese. Burke had closed in on their left flank and launched 25 torpedoes at Ijuin's column. After launching the torpedoes Burke had his ships separate and it would be an hour before they could all be gathered again to form a full circle and return to their firing positions. The battle would be very chaotic, the US destroyers experienced a hard time trying to maintain contact with each other and several times would fire upon each other by accident. All 25 torpedoes would miss, because Omori ordered his ships to make a hard right turn. At 2:50 the Samidare launched a full salvo of 8 torpedoes which missed their main targets but a single torpedo managed to hit the destroyer USS Foote blowing up a large part of her stern. Cruiser Cleveland and destroyer Spence would accidentally run into each other doing light damage trying to avoid the damaged Foote. Merrill could no longer wait for the results of the destroyer attacks and ordered his cruisers to open fire at 2:50am. Merrills cruisers would unleash a continuous fire using their 6 inch guns while maintaining a coordinated figure 8 pattern to confuse the enemy and avoid torpedoes. The tactic had been very well rehearsed and the commanders were perfectly in tune with another. James Fahey, a sailor aboard Merrill's flagship Montpelier, described the long night illuminated by lightning, flares, star shells, and muzzle flashes. “The big eight inch salvos, throwing up great geysers of water, were hitting very close to us. Our force fired star shells in front of the Jap warships so that our destroyers could attack with torpedoes. It was like putting a bright light in front of your eyes in the dark. It was impossible to see. The noise from our guns was deafening.” The Sendai was the first to be hit taking a 6 inch shell to her rudder before it exploded near her boiler rooms. Sendai experienced a series of explosions and quickly sank. The destroyers Samidare and Shiratsuyu behind the Sendai collided with another trying to evade the naval gunfire and would end up taking positions around the stricken Sendai already sinking by this point. Merrill then shifted the focus to the other two Japanese columns forcing Osugi's column to head west running across Omori's cruisers. The Hatsukaze tried to move between two heavy cruisers and collided with the Omori's flagship Myoko at 3:07. Hatsukaze was so crippled by the collision she was much easier to hit as a result was found by Burkes reformed 45th destroyer division by 5:30am and 5 of the destroyers proceeded to batter her with shells until she sank at 5:40am. The Myoko meanwhile was hit by 6 shells, but fortunately for her 4 of them were duds, not causing enough damage to slow down the flagship. Next the USS Spence and Thatcher ran into another, but were able to carry on the fight. Both sides were having trouble running into each other, Merrills cruisers performing the 8 pattern at high speed allowed them to evade most gunfire. At 3:20 Omori opened fire with his heavy armament, both torpedoes and naval gunfire from his cruisers. The torpedoes missed, but 3 dud shells hit Denver into her forward section, causing water to slow the ship down. The other cruisers were forced to slow their speed to match her. Light cruisers Columbia received a 8 inch shell hit, luckily it also failed to explode. The Japanese fire was becoming heavier and more accurate forcing Merrill to respond with a smoke screen in front of his cruisers. Merrill made sure to keep his distance from the Japanese. When their range closed in on 13,000 yards at 326 am he ordered a 180 degree turn to the north. The radical maneuvering by Merrills cruisers made it extremely difficult to accurately fire upon them, but also for Merrills cruisers to hit Omori's. At 3:30am Omori decided to retire in the mistaken belief that his Long Lances had sunk or heavily damaged Merrill's cruisers. Omori had received a false report claiming “one torpedo hit on leading US cruiser, two torpedo hits on second US cruiser, two torpedo hits on third US cruiser. Shell fire also reported on US Force.” In the meantime Burkes destroyers had re-entered the fray of battle and began firing upon the doomed Sendai. After they pursued the Shiratsuyu and Samidare but both destroyers got extremely lucky when Commander Austin confused Burke into believing that the ship he saw turning northwards was actually the Spence. By 4:00am the Sendai was sinking taking with her 185 crew. Ijuin and 311 other survivors would later be rescued on November 3rd by Submarine RO-104. The Hatsukaze would be the last to sink at 5:40am. As dawn was breaking, Merrill urgently called for all available fighters to come to his aid as he expected the Japanese to toss the kitchen sink of air forces at him. Just before 8am a formation of 80 Zeros and 18 dive bombers arrived and began attacking his cruisers desperately performing anti-aircraft maneuvers. The allied aircraft were delayed by bad weather resulting in only 8 Hellcats, 1 marine corsair, 3 P-38s and 4 New Zealander P40s showing up. The allied pilots would claim to down 16 Japanese aircraft, though in reality it would only be 8. Merrills forces performing a defensive circular cordon would claim to down 17 further Japanese aircraft. The Japanese managed two hits, one causing minor damage to the USS Montpelier. The Japanese had lost their chance to stop the invasion of Bougainville. Merrills handling of the battle, particularly his figure 8 maneuver, had negated the dreaded super weapon of the enemy, the Type 93 long lance torpedo. It was to be the last major surface engagement of the Solomons area. Halsey would later reflect on the Japanese attempt to hit the landing forces at Cape Torokina “was the most desperate emergency that confronted me in my entire term as COMSOPAC (Commander South Pacific).” Commodore Reifsnider was ordered to bring his transports back to Cape Torokina to resume the unloading. The unloading of the cargo would be completed by 3pm. Vice admiral Omori's force withdrew back to Rabaul. It was soon joined by four more cruisers and a number of destroyers from Truk. The reluctant Admiral Koga according to Admiral Fukudome decided to commit some of the very best units from the undamaged 2nd fleet “to cooperate with the carrier-based planes which had been sent from Vice-Admiral Ozawa's fleet in order to check the [US] Bougainville operations.” 7 heavy cruisers, the Takao, Maya, Atago, Suzuya, Mogami, Chikuma, and Chokai; a light cruiser, the Noshiro; four destroyers; and a number of service ships would depart Truk on November 3. The once dominant IJN fleet so surely footed in the early days of the war now was hesitant and indecisive. Nevertheless, Koga would unleash another attack against Empress Augusta Bay. Koga placed the new naval force under Admiral Kurita who would attempt to intercept futher American forces enroute to Bougainville. On November 4th, Wilkinson would be bringing the 21st marines aboard 8 destroyer transports and 8 LSTs. 3548 men led by Colonel Evans Ames, alongside 5000 tons of supplies and equipment escorted by destroyers Waller, Saufley, Philip, Renshaw, Eaton and Sigourney. Halsey received word of the new Japanese force and realized the situation was critical. If Halsey did not turn back the incoming threat, his forces on Bougainville would not receive their planned reinforcements. Halsey was thus ready to take a risk, he was going to send carriers. As Halsey would later write “perhaps the success of the South Pacific War, hung on it being stopped.”. Against conventional wisdom, that carriers should not be exposed to land-based aircraft attacks, he ordered Rear Admiral Sherman's task force built around the USS Saratoga and Princeton to face a force of possibly 200 Japanese aircraft. The risks for Hasley were personal as well as professional “I sincerely expected both air groups to be cut to pieces and both carriers stricken, if not lost. (I tried not to remember my son Bill was aboard one of them), but we could not let the men at Tokorina be wiped out while we stood by and wrung our hands.” Halsey's Chief of Staff, Admiral Carney, recalled that before making the decision to attack with his carriers, his commander “suddenly looked 150 years old.” Shermans task for now designated Task Group 50.4 consisted of carrier Saratoga; light carrier Princeton; and destroyers Stack, Sterett, Wilson, Izard, Conner, Bell, Charrette, Boyd, Bradford and Cowell. He would be supported by General Twinings AirSols in any way possible. Halsey also requested MacArthur allow Kenney's 5th air force to join in on the battle. On November 5th, aided by some bad weather, a surprise air raid was performed against Rabaul. Sherman's carrier force was 230 miles away from Rabaul near Cape Torokina when they began launching aircraft at 9am. The Saratoga launched 16 Avengers and 22 Dauntless. Princeton launched 7 Avengers. The carrier aircraft were escorted by 52 hellcats making a formation of 97 aircraft in all. This was their entire payload . The aircraft flew at a low level as they approached Rabaul anti-aircraft defenses by 10:20. They kept a tight formation, flying right through the flak which prevented the 70 Zeros from intercepting them properly. As we have seen during this series, the Japanese anti-aircraft guns were honestly pretty terrible. Added to this, the American aircraft enjoyed much better armor than their Japanese counterparts, particularly the Zero fighter. Commander Henry Caldwell led the bombers towards Blanche Bay where they peeled off at 14,500 feet. The Dauntless dive bombed the targets before them as the Avengers time their approaches to hit the same targets at the same time. Within just 30 minutes the attack absolutely devastated the Japanese plans. Heavy cruiser Maya was trying to leave the harbor during the attack but took a 500 lb bomb hit to her catapult area which set off a series of explosions, blowing up her engine rooms and causing heavy casualties. As Maya was left fully disabled, the Mogami managed to clear the harbor but took a torpedo hit. Her number 1 and 2 turrets were flooded, forcing her crews to scramble to put out fires. The Atago suffered three very near misses, which damaged her hull, armament, and machinery. The Takao took a bomb to her starboard side, damaging her hull and machinery. TheChikuma received only slight damage and was able to depart for Truk at 20:38. The Suzuya, which was just preparing for refueling, tried to evade and was only slightly damaged. Aside from this the other light cruisers and destroyers did not receive any damage. 70 sailors died aboard the Maya, 23 died aboard the Mogami, Takao and Atago. Captain George Chandler, a P-38 fighter pilot described how “There were B-24 bombers up high and B-25 bombers attacking right down on the deck dropping ‘frag' bombs on the airplanes along the runways … we did our best work at high altitude, but we also took part in combat a thousand feet off the ground.” Taking advantage of Hasleys daring attack, General Kenney sent 27 B-24's and 67 P-38s to bomb the warehouse area on the western side of the harbor. They were challenged by only 15 Zero's who would lose two in the process. The Japanese facilities were wrecked by the attack. The Americans lost 5 bombers and 5 fighters while taking down 11 Zeros. The cautious Admiral Mineichi Koga withdrew his forces back to Truk. The Japanese Naval threat to the invasion of Bougainville was ended. A Japanese naval officer later admitted that they had given up on Bougainville mainly because of “the serious damage received by several Second Fleet cruisers at Rabaul by carrier attack …” The success of the raid on Rabaul left Halsey ecstatic. “It is real music to me and opens the stops for a funeral dirge for Tojo's Rabaul.” Sherman grabbed all of his returning places expecting a Japanese counterstrike. A Japanese scout plane discovered Sherman's task force around midafternoon and Kusaka immediately dispatched eighteen torpedo bombers after the Americans. At around dusk the Japanese discovered what they believed to be the task force and attacked. Although they later claimed a great air victory, in reality they hit at an LCI and a PT boat escorting an LCT back from Cape Torokina. A torpedo lodged in the engine room of the LCI and killed one man. That was the extent of the damage to the "task force." In return, the Japanese lost one plane. It was hardly an even exchange, and no compensation at all for the havoc wreaked earlier upon the 2nd Fleet. Halsey yet again showed what a formidable and aggressive commander he could be, his gamble paid off greatly. The Americans had secured their naval superiority in the South Pacific and it would remain that way for the rest of the war. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Admiral Merrill performed an excellent battle against a larger IJN force. Admiral Hasley lived up to his reputation, he performed a bold gamble and it paid off big time. Now the Americans would dominate the South Pacific for the rest of the Pacific War.
Teresa de la Cierva habla con Isabel González, fundadora de Mila Bonis, una línea multifuncional de cosmética española de alta gama para cuidarnos.
Last time we spoke about the defense of Finschhafen. Finschhafen was a enormous staging camp for the allies now. The Japanese could not sit idly by allowing such a strategic location to be in allied hands. General Katagiri launched a major counter offensive, kicked off with signal fires from Sattelberg. He sent a force of raiders to try and neutralise some heavy allied artillery, but it ended in failure. Having not neutralised their big guns, the rest of the counter offensive fell to pieces. The Japanese would officially report 422 killed, 662 wounded. For the Australians they had 228 casualties of which 49 were dead. With the counter offensive done with, the allies now would go back on the offensive. The next large target was going to be the stronghold of sattelberg, but the Japanese were not going to make it easy on the allies. But today we are going to be jumping into some new places. This episode is the invasion of the treasury islands Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945. For quite some time now we have been focusing on the New Guinea campaign, such as the offensives against Finschhafen and the Ramu valley. Today we are going to enter a new phase of the Pacific War. With the incoming invasions of the Gilbert and Marshall islands, the Northern Solomons and Western New Britain, General Douglas MacArthur and Admirals Hasley and Nimitz were going to turn up the heat. Admiral Halsey had just seized Vila, Barakoma, Munda and Rendova, gaining their valuable airfields for the forces of General Twinings AirSols to utilise. Within the central Solomons, Bougainville was finally within range of allied land-based aircraft. Lae, Salamaua and Finschhafen were taken, thus Operation Cartwheel would begin a new phase. Back in July, plans were formed for General Vandegrifts 1st Marine Amphibious corps to seize airfields sites at Buin and Kahili, the important Japanese anchorage at Tonolei Harbor, and the Faisi and Ballale islands in the neighboring Shortlands. That same month, the 43rd and 37th divisions were involved in the New Georgia campaign. Of the 5 divisions remaining under his control, Admiral Halsey planned to use the fresh and unblooded 3rd Marine division and the Army's 25th division for the invasion. He sought to keep the 2nd marine division and 3rd new zealand division in training for the conquest of Rabaul. Yet things had changed. Because of the intense resistance on New Georgia, the 25th division had to be committed. Then the decision to strike Makin and Tarawa in the Gilbert islands removed the 2nd marine division from Hasley's south pacific area. These changes ultimately dictated he would need a substitution, and it was to be the 37th division, whom had suffered 1100 casualties on New Georgia already. Nevertheless the 37th was in better condition than the 25th. The 3rd marine divisions task went unchanged. Major General Allen Turnage's 3rd Marine division was going to spearhead the invasion of Bougainville, with a launch date set for September. On top of this Halsey had received some reports indicating the Japanese were heavily reinforcing the Shortland Islands. He decided to bypass them and hit the Treasury island and Choiseul. It is also possible Halsey sought to perform these actions hoping to lure out the Japanese fleet into a major engagement. The treasury islands and Choiseul were lightly garrisoned, but held airfields that could be turned against Bougainville. Meanwhile , General MacArthur was planning the next stepping stone towards the Philippines. His overall plan was to break the Bismarcks Barrier through a series of aggressive leaps along the New Guinea-Mindanao axis. New Guinea as we are all quite familiar with by now, is a logistical nightmare. Lush jungles, raging rivers, cold mountains, every time of geographical nightmare was present. Thus to traverse the western landmass of it only on land was not exactly desired. What MacArthur's logistical team sought was to secure the 50 mile expanse of sea lying between New Guinea and New Britain. With that in hand Admiral Barbey's 7th Amphibious force would be able to transport troops along the coast, a significantly easier method than having the poor boys battle through the jungle. Rooke Island split the sea into the Vitiaz Strait and the narrower Dampier Strait. General Wootten's 9th Australian division were currently fighting for control of Vitiaz, but there had been no effort to date to hit the Dampier. MacArthur decided to capture Kavieng and the Admiralty Islands, because they represented enemy aerial threats against his westwards push through New Guinea. Closing in on the end of the year he also planned to amphibious assault Cape Gloucester, the northwestern point of New Britain which commanded the Dampier Strait. In hindsight the wisdom of landing at Cape Gloucester seems rather dubious. It was not necessary to seize the point in order to make use of the Vitiaz or Dampier strait. The Japanese did not have big artillery on the western end of New Britain to command the channel, the islands infrastructure was largely undeveloped. The only way the Japanese could interfere with the allied use of either strait was by torpedo boats, something they did not have many of. There of course was aircraft based on New Britain as well, but that would be neutralised by Kenney's AirSols. MacArthur planned to have the AirSols hit Rabaul continuously; to seize the Green Islands, the Admiralty Islands and Kavieng. The Western New Britain operation was codenamed Operation Dexterity which would be sub divided into Operations Lazaretto and Backhander. There would be a staggered attack first hitting Gasmata performed by the 2nd battalion, 228th regiment. They would establish an air base in the southern coast of the island, this was operation Lazaretto. Operation Backhander would be the invasion of Cape Gloucester. Some of the landings could be carried out in November, but MacArthur chose to wait until the new airfields were established in the Markham and Ramu valleys as they would provide close air support for the amphibious operations. On September the 10th, Admiral Hasley sent staff to present his plan for the invasion to Bougainville to MacArthur's staff. Halsey would be surprised to find MacArthur opposed using all their aircraft to strike Rabaul before the invasion of western New Britain. MacArthur proposed instead to continue heavy airstrikes against all Japanese airfields on Bougainville throughout October. Then in late October, Halsey's forces could occupy the Treasury islands and possibly northern Choiseul. Northern Choiseul could provide radar coverage and PT boat bases. On the 1st of November, Halsey's forces could then begin landing on Bougainville to form a beachhead before constructing a new airfield to host the AirSols so they could hit Rabaul just in time to take some pressure off MacArthur's troops advancing in New Guinea and New Britain. Thus MacArthur was determined to make the main goal of the operation not the securance over the entirety of Bougainville, but just a portion of it where an aerodrome could be established then used to batter Rabaul. Halsey was presented two options for his landing site: there was Kieta Harbor sitting on the northeast coast and Empress Augusta Bay on the southwest coast. Kieta seemed the better location from which to launch air strikes against Rabaul. Kieta also held a protected harbor, requiring Halsey's forces to move up the longer outside passage to secure Choiseul first. Empress Augusta Bay was on an exposed side of the island during an approaching monsoon season. It was closer to Rabaul and would only require the securing of the Treasury islands first. After further reconnaissance there was indications airfields could be constructed midway up the west coast of Bougainville at Cape Torokina on Empress Augusta Bay. Halsey chose it for the landing site stating on September 22nd “it's Torokina. Now get on your horses!” The operation against Cape Torokina was codenamed Cherryblossom and its task was handed to the hero of Guadalcanal, General Vandegrift who formed the plans but it would not be he who lead the operation. Vandegrit was promoted to commandant of the Marines, the first serving marine to become a four star general, he had to depart for Washington. His replacement was Major General Charles Barrett the former commander of the 3rd Marine division. Barret was given command of the 1st Marine Amphibious corps and the responsibility over operation Cherryblossom. His mission statement read “land in the vicinity of Cape Torokina, seize and occupy and defend a beachhead including Torata Island and adjacent island— 3,750 yards west of Cape Torokina—allowing approximately 2,250 yards inland from the beach and 3,600 yards east of Cape Torokina. To prepare and continue the attack in coordination with the 37th Infantry on arrival.” However the mission statement was to be his last major contribution to the war. On October 8th Barrett accidentally fell from the third floor of the officers quarters at Noumea and suffered a cerebral haemorrhage. He soon died afterwards and was recorded as an accidental death, but there was heavy speculation it was in fact a suicide. Thus the job fell to Major General Roy Geiger, the director of the marine aviation corp in washington. For the naval aspect of the mission Hasley had to do with what he had on hand. He would not be receiving any significant naval reinforcements, because Admiral Nimitz feared that any vessels lent to the 3rd fleet would not be able to come back in time to help with the invasion of the Gilberts. What Halsey could count on was task force 38 commanded by Rear Admiral Frederick Sherman built around carrier Saratoga and later joined by the Princeton; Admiral Merrills task for 39 comprised of cruiser division 12 and destroyer division 23; and Task force 31 commanded by Admiral Wilkinson consisting of three destroyer squadrons, transports and covering ships. It would be Admiral Wilkinson who would bring over the 3rd marine division, the 1st brigade and 3rd New Zealand division to invade the Treasury islands. Rear Admiral George Fort would take the reigns of the first offensive and Wilkinson would looked over the Torokina landings. Wilkinson would have 12 Attack transports and Amphibious cargo ships for the landings, just enough to get every echelon with their equipment over. The 3rd Marine division was reinforced with the 3rd marine defence battalion, the 198th coast artillery, the 2nd provisional marine raider regiment and the 1st marine parachute regiment. After landing at Cape Torokina they would later be reinforced by General Beightlers 37th division. The 29th, 34th and 36th New Zealander battalions of the 8th brigade group led by Brigadier Robert Row would hit the Treasury islands and help establish long range radar stations and a landing craft staging area. There was a final last minute change to the overall plan made by Halsey. They decided not to attempt seizing northern Choiseul but to instead send a marine raiding party around 656-725 men of the US 2nd Parachute battalion led by Lt Colonel Victor Krulak there to persuade the Japanese to divert forces to Choiseul from southern Bougainville. To support the operation General Kenny's 5th air force would smash the airfields in Rabaul while the AirSols 489 aircraft would hit airfields in and around Bougainville. General Twinning tactics were to harass the Japanese every day, so he launched a total of 158 flights in October, comprising 3259 sorties and land and naval targets in Hahili, Kara, Ballale, Buka, Bonis and Choiseul. The result of this incredible air campaign was 5 Japanese airfields pulverized, 136 enemy aircraft claimed destroyed at the cost of 26 allied aircraft shot down. Meanwhile on October 12th, Kenney launched a raid using 349 aircraft smashing airstrips, shipping and supply dumps. The 6000-ton IJN transport Keisho Maru was sunk alongside two smaller craft. On the 18th 54 B-25's took off from Dobodura, but only caused minor damage. On October the 23rd, 24th and 25th daylight raids consisting of 45 B-242's, 62 B-25's and 61 B-24's respectively managed to shoot down 9 enemy planes, destroyed 25 aircraft on the ground and damaged another 27. On October 29th, he tossed a raid at Vunakanau's airdrome using 41 liberators covered by 75 P-38's and managed to destroy around 10 aircraft. The enemies attention was certainly diverted away from Rabaul. Now the Japanese knew an invasion of Bougainville was coming. They believed the main target of such an offensive would be first against the Shortlands or Kahili. General Kanda's 6th division was deployed to reinforce these places. His 1st battalion, 45th regiment was placed at Kieta, the rd battalion and 4th south sea garrison was sent to reinforce Bougainville while the rest were sent to the Shortland islands. Bougainville was given north/south/east/west sectors garrisoned by numerous forces under Kanda. Admiral Koga also launched Operation RO, a plan devised to strengthen Rabaul. Koga's intelligence indicated the Pacific Fleet was on a warpath, so he decided to take the entire combined fleet from Truk to Eniwetok, which Koga considered a good advance position where he could sortie and annihilate the enemy in a decisive naval battle. The combined fleet stayed a week in the uncomfortable and lonely lagoon until they departed having not found the allied pacific fleet. By October 24th the combined fleet travelled back to Truk while the aircrews of carriers Zuikaku, Shokaku and Zuiho reinforced Rabaul. 82 Zeros, 45 D3As, 40 B5Ns and 6 Yokosuka D4Y reconnaissance planes. 192 trained air crews in total would be in Rabaul by November 1st. They were just in time to intercept one of Kenney's raids consisting of 75 b-25's and 80 p-38s. The Japanese airmen claimed to have downed 9 B-25s, 10 P-38s at the cost of 20 aircraft and 3 small vessels. Koga alerted the 12th air fleet who were in Japan to prepare to head over to Rabaul, but instead of also sending the 8th fleet, he kept them back, still thinking a decisive naval battle would be on the menu soon in the central pacific. General Sakai's 17th division were transported to New Britain in late september. Their first echelon comprising of the 53rd regiment arrived on october 5th and immediately began to move west to reinforce Cape Gloucester and the 3rd battalion went to northern Bougainville. The remainder of the 17th division would arrive between November 5th and 12th, though the auxiliary cruiser Kurita Maru caring the 1st battalion, 81st regiment was sunk by the USS Grayson. 1087 men, most of the battalion, were lost. The invasion of the Treasuries codenamed Operation Goodtime. They would establish a staging area, an advanced naval base at Blanche Harbor and a radar station on the north coast of Mono Island. It was hoped the assault on the Treasuries would confused the Japanese as to where the major effort would actually be. At this time there was a short supply of assault forces throughout the Pacific and the Bougainville invasion was mere days away. Thus it was difficult to comprehend why an entire brigade would be used to subdue a tiny enemy garrison on one small island. It has been theorised that Halsey and Vandegrift were reluctant to use some untried New Zealand troops in the more ambitious undertaking, but were also under pressure from their Anzac allies to see some action. For whatever reason the Treasury island operation would be one of the few examples of Allied overkill during the mid Pacific War. The 8th Brigade had limited shipping available to them. They would have eight destroyer transports, eight LCIs, two LSTs, eight LCMs, three LCTs and two APCs, under the command of Admiral Fort who was using the USS Raton as his flagship. The 34th battalion was going to land on the north side of Stirling Island to secure a nearby airfield; the 29th and 36th battalions would land abreast near Falami Point on southern Mono and Major George Logan D company of the 34th, designated Logan force would land at the mouth of the Soanotalu River to establish a radar station with the help of 20 seabees. The USS Pringle and Philip would perform a bombardment to help. The operation was set into motion on October 27th when the convoy departed guadalcanal and the Russells. George Fort's destroyers approached Blanche Harbor during a storm and began their bombardment. The assault waves raced through the harbor in two columns. As was suspected the 34th met zero resistance, they immediately went to work sending out patrols to make certain if there were any Japanese on the island they would not get to surprise them. Mortars were set up on the nearby Watson island, cool theres an island bearing my name to support the landings on Mono. The landings on Mono met very little resistance, basically just a bunch of surprised Japanese naval troops who offered some half hearted gunfire before withdrawing. The New Zealanders went to work establishing a perimeter as the Japanese began opening fire using mortars which managed to knock out two LST's killing 2 and wounding 30 men. Interesting to note this was the first amphibious assault launched by Kiwi's since the horrible Gallipoli campaign of 1916 and it was the second combat operation undertaken by Kiwi's during the Pacific War. The real resistance would come in the form of a air raid consisting of 25 vals who bombed the beachhead and support ships. The destroyers Cony took two hits; eight crewmen were killed and ten wounded. An allied fighter patrol managed to shoot down 12 vals during the raid. To their north, the Logan force faced no difficult landing at the mouth of the Soanotalu river. They quickly formed a 150 yard perimeter and began working on the radar station. By the end of the day, all but one LST had successfully unloaded and cleared Blanche harbor, however during the night the New Zealanders tossed back numerous counter attacks, particular around the Saveke river. By the 28th the Japanese survivors were retreating north in the hope of escaping to Bougainville, but along the way they ran into the Logan Force. On October 29th during the late afternoon, 20 Japanese attacked the western part of the Logan Forces perimeter. They were easily beaten off with mortars and rifle fire, leaving 5 dead Japanese behind. The next day saw some intermittent firing against concealed Japanese. Scouts eventually figured out there was a larger number of Japanese to the west of the perimeter, but the area between Soanotalu and Malasi was clear of the enemy. November began with the rest of the brigade coming over. The radar station was already up and running and the Logan Force had built themselves a small blockhouse near the landing barge. That said blockhouse immediately became the objective of the Japanese, since it represented the only hope of them escaping the island. As Brigadier Row's men began to occupy the central and northern parts of Mono, the Japanese began to infiltrate the Logan Forces perimeter. On the night of November 1st, the main breech was made across the News Zealanders line. A ton of Japanese had infiltrated the lines and managed to cut telephone wires from the blockhouse to the company HQ. Soon after this was accomplished a concerted attack was made against the blockhouse. 6 New Zealanders and 3 Americans defended it. They had automatic weapons, some 50 and 30 cal machine guns, but they were soon put out of action by the attacking Japanese who could have numbered between 70-100 men. The fight for the blockhouse would continue until dawn, with the surviving defenders beating off numerous attacks, mainly by tossing grenades. Captain Kirk, Sergeant DD Hannafin were both killed during the fight. Command of the blockhouse then fell to a cook of D Company, Private J.E Smith. By daybreak the Japanese finally were beaten off as the 3 remaining survivors were all wounded. 26 Japanese had been killed trying to overrun the blockhouse and seize the landing craft. Elsewhere across the perimeter the Japanese attacked throughout the night seeing another 15 dead Japanese in the western section and 9 in the east. It was to be there best chance at taking the blockhouse, for the next few days their attacks were much smaller and by November 4th, New Zealander patrols were fanning out and killing or capturing stragglers. The last significant action on Mono would be on November 6th when a dozen Japanese were routed from a cave during a two hour firefight east of Soanatalu. Operation Goodtime resulted in the annihilation of a Japanese garrison roughly 200 men strong, but it came at a cost. 40 New Zealanders and 12 Americans were killed with 174 wounded. The allies got their supply bases and radar station. Over on Choiseul, Operation Blissful was about to kick off. In an attempt to make the Japanese believe the Shortland islands were the target for their offensive, General Vandegrift tossed Lt Colonel Victor Krulaks 2nd Parachute battalion, roughly 656 men at a beach near the village of Voza. On October 27th the men and their equipment were loaded onto 8 LCMS and during the night the paratroopers were transferred over to four destroyer transports, the Kilty, Ward, Crosby and McKean, the same ships that had just been used to transport the New Zealanders for Operation Goodtime. Forts destroyers provided escort as the Paramarine landed at Voza shortly after midnight without any resistance. During the morning of the 28th they began unloading supplies from landing crafts that had been concealed on a smaller island offshore. Once landed they carried them up a narrow trail leading from the beach a mile northwest of Voza upon some high ground which would be their first base camp. Nearly a hundred friendly natives helped the marines carry the equipment up the beach and they also helped guide the men. Allied radio broadcasting finally alerted the Japanese to the imminent danger to southern Bougainville as Krulaks men began establishing their perimeter. The morning of the 29th brought an enemy strafing attack upon them and the native guides reported to Krulak that there was a barge staging base at Sangigai, the main Japanese position on Choiseul bay, garrisoned by around 150 men. Krulak decided that was to be the first objective, he sent out patrols going north and south. In the north Lt Averill with the help of native guides discover considerable evidence of the Japanese presence, abandoned equipment and rations, but no Japanese. In the south two patrols scouted the Japanese base near Sangigai. Krulak led one of the patrols personally and managed to surprise some Japanese who were unloading a barge. They killed 7 Japanese and sunk the barge before pulling out. The other patrol group ran into a Japanese platoon and got into a skirmish seeing another 7 dead Japanese. Thus Krulak got his confirmation there indeed was a Japanese base at Sangigai. Early on the 30th, Krulak requested an air strike at it arrived at 6am. 12 Avengers with 26 fighter escorts hit Sangigai. Unfortunately some of the planes mistook the marines at Voza for the enemy and strafed them as well. No marines were killed but one of their boats was sunk, that Krulak had planned to use. As a result of the boat getting sunk, Companies E and 5 departed Voza overland to hit Sangigai. A Japanese outpost along the Vagara river opened fire on the paratroopers, but was easily overwhelmed. Krulak then divided his forces to perform a two pronged assault. Company E led by Captain Robert Manchester would advance along the coastline to hit the Japanese from the north, while Krulak with Company F would move inland to hit them from the rear. Company E quickly advanced along the coast and began shelling the town with mortars and rockets during the afternoon, only to find out it was abandoned. The Japanese had taken up a new position on some high grounder in the interior. So the paramarines began destroying and looting the village. Meanwhile company F were advancing through rough terrain to try and secure some high ground near Sangigai where the retreating Japanese were just passing through. The Japanese literally walked right into F company and a hour long fight broke out. The Japanese outnumbered F company and as Krulak would later report “the outcome appeared to be in question, until the Japs destroyed their chances by an uncoordinated banzai charge which was badly cut up by our machine guns. Seventy-two Japs were killed and an undetermined number wounded. Marine losses were 6 killed, 1 missing and 12 wounded." The marines had 6 deaths, 12 wounded and one man missing. Krulak was wounded as well as F companies commander Spencer Pratt. The Japanese suffered a devastating 72 casualties Back over at E company after plundering the village they came across some documents and Krulak reported "The one that fascinated me, it was a chart that portrayed the minefields around southern Bougainville. When I reported this, the night after the Sangigai attack, I saw my first flash message. I had never seen one before. It came back and said, "Transmit at once the coordinates of the limits of the minefields and all channels as shown going through it." So we laboriously encoded the critical locations and sent them off. To an armada going into that area this is not incidental information. This is necessary information. Halsey in true Halsey fashion was not satisfied to know where the minefields were; he, before the Torokina landings, sent in a minelayer there and dropped mines in the entrance ways to those channels and they got two Japanese ships.” E company then retired to the Vagara river and was later evacuated by boat back to the Voza area. F company followed suite but was delayed by the heavy engagement they had. The men stayed to bury their dead. The friendly natives reported a Japanese concentration to the north near the Warrior River, so Krulak sent a strong patrol up by boat to check it out. On November 1, the large patrol of 87 paratroopers from Company G, led by Major Warner Bigger, headed north by landing craft towards Nukiki with orders "destroy the southern outposts of CHOISEUL BAY, and if possible to shell the Jap supply depot on GUPPY ISLAND." Major Bigger began an overland march along the eastern bank of the river and after crossing the warrior, their native guides became lost so they all had to bivouac for the night. In the early morning of November 2nd, Biggers men found themselves surrounded by Japanese who began infiltrating their perimeter from the rear. Bigger had the men continue north along the beach where the surprise attacked a small enemy outpost of 4 men. They managed to kill 3 of 4, but the last man ran away, thus the element of surprise was gone. Bigger knew the jig was up he could not hope to attack the main objective so instead he ordered the men to go shell Guppy island. G Company setup some 60mm mortars in the water and fired 143 rounds at the island setting up two large fires, one looked to have hit a fuel dump. The Japanese were taken by surprise there and only offered resistance in the form of some poorly directed machine gun bursts. On the way back G company had to fight their way through because of the infiltrators. Krulak was notified of the situation and alerted a PT boat base at Vella Lavella. Lt Arthur Berndtson had 5 PT boats under his command there, 2 were already assigned to other missions, another was under repair. PT 59 only had ⅓ tanks worth of fuel, but her commander, Lt John F Kennedy, yes he is back in action, agreed to rescue the boys. Kennedy believed he had enough fuel to get to Choiseul and another boat could tow them back to base. Despite overheating the engines, at around 9:30 PT 59 escorted a small convoy to Voza and Bigger's men were off loaded. The PT-59 ran out of fuel on the return trip down the slot and was towed back to Lambu Lambu Cove. By this point the landings at Cape Torokina had been carried out, so a diversion was not really needed anymore. Furthermore the Japanese were moving in on the base camp from all directions. On the night of November 3rd, just in the nick of time, 3 LCIs from Vella Lavella arrived to successfully load Krulaks paratroopers and got them out of there before dawn of the 4th. The Paratroopers had been outnumbered 6-1. They managed to kill an estimated 143 Japanese, destroyed a major staging base at Sangigai, sunk two barges and destroyed a considerable amount of enemy fuel and supplies on Guppy island. The cost was 13 dead and 13 wounded. Krulaks after action report mentioned evidence that the Japanese had sent reinforcements from the Shortland islands to counter the Choiseul operation. On November 1st, the day of the Cape Torokina landings, the Japanese had sent a large bomer force south to Choiseul hunting a reported Task Force. The Japanese found nothing, and by the time they diverted back to Empress Augusta Bay, the landings were done, American fighters were ready to deal with them. It seems the Japanese had been greatly confused from all the activity around Bougainville, particularly from many intercepted messages. Its hard to say how successful the Choiseul raid actually was. It's possible the Japanese fell for the diversion, but no one really knows. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The diversionary raids may or may not have had an effect on the landings at Cape Torokina. Regardless the multiple operations were all successful and the Japanese seemed none the wiser. Now the stranglehold over Bougainville would begin.
Willie talks with health and fitness reporter Liz Bonis about the return of Covid-19.
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