Podcasts about naton

Hallituksen ja opposition välille on puhjennut suukopua tavasta, jolla Suomen puolustusbujettia ollaan kasvattamassa Naton vaatimiin mittoihin. Puolustusministerin mukaan pitkälle prosessille ei ole aikaa, oppositio taas kaipaa parlamentaarisempaa käsittelyä. Vierainamme kolme kansanedustajaa. Toimittajamme raportoi Los Angelesin mellakoiden viimeisimmistä käänteistä. Lisäksi saamme uutta tietoa nuorten työkyvyttömyyseläkkeiden taustoista. Lopuksi keskustelua siitä, miksi suomalaisten ruokalautasilla on niin paljon ulkomailla kasvatettua kalaa. Juontajana Markus Liimatainen.

Kotimaan politiikan päivänpolttavat aiheet ovat raatimme ruodittavina, mm. miltä näyttää puolueiden kannatus puoluekokouskauden alkaessa. Ylen mittauksen mukaan SDP jatkaa suosituimpana ja Perussuomalaisia äänestäisi enää 10,8 prosenttia vastaajista. Naton puolustusministerit ovat Brysselissä käsittelemässä mm. puolustusmenojen kasvattamista. Toimittajamme raportti kokouspaikalta. Suomi vältti jälleen täpärästi joutumisen EU:n niin sanotulle talouden tarkkailuluokalle, vaikka rikomme edelleen taloussääntöjä. Miten kauan tämä vielä onnistuu? Lopuksi uutta tietoa naisten maanpuolustustahdosta. Juontajana Seija Vaaherkumpu.

Norjan pääministeri Jonas Gahr Støre keskusteli eilen Yhdysvaltain presidentin Donald Trumpin kanssa Washingtonissa. Myös Naton pääsihteeri Mark Rutte on vierailulla Washingtonissa. Löytyykö Ukrainan rauhansuunnitelmaan yhteinen suunta tapaamisten tiimoilta? Toimittaja Mika Mäkeläinen raportoi Washingtonista. Hallitus kertoi puoliväliriihensä jälkeen yli miljardin euron verokevennyksistä. Suunnanmuutos oli suuri hallitukselta, joka on tähän saakka painottanut säästöjä. Puoliväliriihen antia analysoivat työeläkevakuutusyhtiö Varman toimitusjohtaja Risto Murto, sosiaaliturvaministeri Sanni Grahn-Laasonen (kok.), valtiotieteiden lisensiaatti Osmo Soininvaara (vihr.) ja valtioneuvos Matti Vanhanen (kesk.). Paavi Franciscus siunataan viimeiselle matkalleen huomenna Vatikaanissa. Hautajaisten valmisteluista kertoo Roomasta toimittajamme Jenna Vehviläinen. Paavin merkityksestä nykymaailmassa ja uuden paavin valinnasta keskustelevat Helsingin katolisen hiippakunnan kansleri ja piispansihteeri Alpo Penttinen sekä katoliseen teologiaan perehtynyt dosentti Jyri Komulainen. Korjaus: Paavin hautajaismessu pidetään Pietarinaukiolla, ei Pietarinkirkossa sisällä, kuten Rooman-toimittajamme sanoi. Juontajana Pirjo Auvinen, toimittajina Varpu Helpinen ja Petra Nykänen, tuottajana Annette Blencowe.

Suomen pitkän YYA-kauden jälkeen käännyttiin länteen, mutta kuin huomaamatta Venäjä säilytti erityismerkityksensä mm. tiedustelun saralla. Kreml hyväksyi EU:n mutta torjui jyrkästi Naton. Suomi toimi eräänlaisena Kremlin äänenä Brysselissä, sillä ajan poliitikoilla oli vanhastaan siteitä Venäjän tiedustelupalveluihin - ne eivät olleet kaikki kadonneet. Siksi voi tulkita, että Suomi teki läntistä politiikkaa mutta oli aina myös varuillaan Venäjän intresseistä. Tätä erityisasemaa Alpo Rusi pääsi tarkkailemaan niin Martti Ahtisaaren kanslian kuin arkistomateriaalinkin kautta.

Suomi irtaantuu Ottawan sopimuksesta. Millaisia henkilömiinat nykyisin ovat? Mihin uhkakuvaan ne ovat vastaus? Keskustelemassa eversti Riku Mikkonen Puolustusvoimista sekä kenraali evp., kansanedustaja Jarmo Lindberg (kok.) , toiminnanjohtajaja Laura Lodenius Rauhanliitosta. Trumpin asettamista tulleista raportoi Washingtonista toimittaja Juri von Bonsdorf. Naton uhat ja haasteet. Brysselissä kokoontuvat Nato-maiden ulkoministerit. Naton tulevista haasteista ja uhkakuvista ovat keskustelemassa vanhempi tutkija Iro Särkkä Ulkopoliittisesta instituutista sekä tutkija Heljä Ossa London School of Economisista. Brysselistä raportoi EU-toimittaja Hannele Muilu. Juontajana Atte Uusinoka. Toimittajana Anssi Väisänen. Tuottajana Marija Skara.

Käytiin taas reissussa! Wille suuntas Tanskaan Blå Negl -kisaan ja Ville Brysseliin Naton päämajaan tutustumaan Natoon ja tapaamaan natin pääsihteeriä. Millainen partiotaitokilpailu oli ja miten silmiä avaava reissu Naton sydämeen oli? Mitä reissuista jäi käteen?Meidän vedenkestävä Taistelijan vihko on asevelvollisen paras kaveri:https://www.varusteleka.com/fi/product/mighty-finland-modestone-taistelijanlehtio/81749Meitä maanpuolustuksen etulinjassa tukee yhteistyökumppanit:Savox - Kriittisen kommunikaation kärkiosaaja. Never Alone. - savox.comSavotta - Huikeita kantojärjestelmiä ja muita varusteita maanpuolustukseen ja ulkonaliikkumiseen - Savotta.fiVarusteleka - Reserviläisen karkkikauppa ja meidän luotettu huoltopiste jo vuosien ajan - Varusteleka.fiHaluatko mainostaa podcästissä? Lähettää palautetta? Jopa kehua? Aiheideoita? Laita yhteyskokeilu osoitteeseenInfo@mightyfinland.fi Instagram: @mighty_finland_

Ex-ulkoministeri Erkki Tuomioja ja Nordic West Officen toimitusjohtaja Risto Penttilä keskustelevat Suomen asemasta suurvaltojen pelissä. Voimmeko enää luottaa Naton turvatakuisiin? Pettääkö Trump tarvittaessa myös Suomen? Millainen on Suomen asema tilanteessa, jossa sääntöpohjainen kansainvälinen järjestys pettää alta? Onko meillä syitä optimismiin? Tervetuloa kuuntelemaan ohjelmaa, joka ei maalaile vain painajaisskenaarioita.

Yhdysvaltain presidentti Donald Trump on hätkähdyttänyt maailmaa muun muassa Ukrainan sotaa koskevilla lausunnoillaan. Voiko Suomi enää luottaa Naton tukeen? Keskustelemassa kansanedustajat Jukka Kopra (kok.), Mikko Savola (kesk.), Riitta Mäkinen (sd.) ja Jari Ronkainen (ps.). Miltä Trumpin ulkopolitiikka näyttää Etelä-Afrikasta katsottuna? Vieraina Suomen Etelä-Afrikan-suurlähettiläs Pekka Metso ja tutkija Raakel Inkeri. Lähetyksessä kuullaan myös Kenian Nairobissa olevan Afrikka-kirjeenvaihtajamme Eeva Erosen raportti. Tulevaisuuden tutkimustalo Sitra on selvittänyt hyvinvointialueiden päätöksentekoa yhdessä valtiovarainministeriön kanssa. Tutkimuksen toteuttaneen Nordic Healthcare Groupin johdon neuvonantaja Jari Salomaa kertoo selvityksestä. Juontajana Atte Uusinoka, toimittajana Roosa Kajander, tuottajana Annette Blencowe.

Saksan vaalivoittaja Friedrich Merz latasi vaali-iltana täyslaidallisen Trumpin Yhdysvalloista ja presidentti Trumpin hallinnon jäsenten sekaantumisista Saksan vaaleihin. Merz kyseenalaisti lausunnossaan myös puolustusliitto Naton tulevaisuuden. Repeääkö railo Yhdysvaltain ja Euroopan välille myös Natossa? Ryhtyvätkö saksalaiset ajamaan Naton rinnalle itsenäistä eurooppalaista puolustusta? Voiko Suomi täysimääräisesti luottaa Naton ja Yhdysvaltain ydinpelotteen turvaan? Onko puolustusselonteko kirjoitettava Trumpin hallinnon Nato-lausuntojen takia uusiksi? Allekirjoittaako Ukrainan presidentti Zelenskyi mineraalisopimuksen Trumpin kanssa niin sanotusti veitsi kurkulla? Yhdysvaltain ja Euroopan liittolaissuhteiden kriisiytymistä analysoivat ulko- ja turvallisuuspolitiikan asiantuntija Henri Vanhanen, sekä tutkija Timo Miettinen Helsingin yliopiston Eurooppa-tutkimuksen keskuksesta. Toimittajana on Tapio Pajunen.

Ranskan presidentti Emmanuel Macron matkustaa Valkoiseen taloon tapaamaan Yhdysvaltain presidentti Donald Trumpia. Miltä Eurooopan ja Yhdysvaltain suhteet ja Naton tulevaisuus näyttävät tapaamisen jälkeen? Studiossa vanhempi tutkija Iro Särkkä Ulkopoliittisesta instituutista ja Ylen Nato-erikoistoimittaja Maria Stenroos. Lähetyksessä kuullaan myös tuoreet uutiset Washingtonissa olevalta toimittajalta Juri von Bonsdorffilta. Elinkeinoelämän valtuuskunta EVA on selvittänyt suomalaisten ikääntymisen vaikutuksia julkiseen talouteen. Puhelimessa on raportin kirjoittaja, ekonomisti Mauri Kotamäki. Hallitus vastaa tänään keskustan ja Liike nytin välikysymykseen vanhusten hoivan tilasta. Studiossa ikääntyneiden hoivasta ovat keskustelemassa vanhusasiavaltuutettu Päivi Topo sekä apulaisprofessori Minna Zechner Helsingin yliopistosta. Katolisen kirkon ylimmän hengellisen johtajan Paavi Franciscuksen vointi on heikentynyt viime päivinä. Roomassa oleva Italian-toimittajamme Jenna Vehviläinen kertoo viimeisimmät tiedot paavin terveydentilasta. Juontajana Atte Uusinoka, toimittajina Rasmus Montonen ja Anssi Väisänen, tuottajana Annette Blencowe.

Trump Claims Ukraine Started War & Elon Isn't Head Of DOGE!Debating the topic of the day which is was Ukraine part of NATON, Did the start the war? etc...Also, discussing Elon if he is the head of DOGE what happened last presidency was there a head of doge??Dateline: Tirah Att, Diana RoseroSpecial Guest:Cindy Stumpo, Grant Cardone, Brian Benstock Speakers: Patriot Rob,Matt Storm,Marty Bryd ,Rachelle O'Neil, Inkman, Skald Crypto, LS, Scott BurtonOur live show gives our listeners the chance to actually hear us perform and even influence the show and gives us the unique opportunity to create a bond with our already captive listeners. The instant feedback – the laughs, the gasps, that sense of connection. They're coming to our show to feel part of a conversation and voice their opinion every time we record a podcast episode. The people that attend our live podcast show have a great time, tell their friends and family and attract some very powerful champions of each spirited DEBATE The NEWS episode. Here at DTN, We DEBATE The News! We Allow You To Present Your Interpretation On Today's Local, National, & World News Topics. Spirited & Informed Discussions Are Encouraged. Engage and Sharpen Your Mind with Intellectual Combat! Live On the Clubhouse APP: M-F 8:00 PM - 9:00 PM EST / 5:00 PM - 6:00 PM PSTMeet the Host(s):

Suoraa puhetta johtaa Maria Pettersson. Keskustelijoina ovat Kaarina Hazard, Mika Pantzar ja Ruben Stiller. Kaarina Hazard on lukenut Helsingin poliisilaitoksesta kertovan artikkelin verkkojulkaisusta uusijuttu.fi. Siinä kävi ilmi, että Helsingin poliisin linja on viime aikoina muuttunut rajusti. Siellä on uusi poliisipäällikkö, jonka myötä on kokonaan luovuttu ennalta estävästä yksiköstä, jossa palveli kymmeniä poliiseja. Muutoksen ydin on se, että luovutaan pehmeistä arvoista esim. sellaisesta toiminnasta, jossa poliisi jalkautuu kentälle ja saa tietää, millainen meno on huudeilla ja mikä nuorisoa vaivaa. Nyt kelkka on kääntynyt ja panostetaan rangaistuksiin. Uuden pomon mukaan rangaistukset toimivat hyvin, koska niillä on pelotevaikutus. Kaarina kysyy keskustelijoilta, kumpi on tärkeämpää, että porukka luottaa poliisiin vai pelkää poliisia. Tämä kysymys taitaa päteä laajemminkin aikaamme, kun keskinäiselle luottamukselle rakentuvaa maailmanjärjestystä tahdotaan kovalla kiireellä taannuttaa voimaan eli pelotteluun perustuvaksi maailmanjärjestykseksi. Mika Pantzar nostaa aiheeksi Maailman talousfoorumin kokouksen Davosissa ja siellä julkaistun riskiraportin. Mitä pitäisi ajatella, että raportin mukaan erityisesti yritysmaailman asiantuntijat korostavat polarisaatiota suurena riskinä tai että vain nuoret asiantuntijat nostavat riskiksi taloudellisen kasvun pysähtymisen. Pantzar ei näe Suomessa etujärjestöjen ja hallituksen toimissa poliittista painetta polarisaation vähentämiseen. Mitä ajattelette, onko Suomessa elinkeinoelämä niin tyhmää, että eivät tunnista tätä? Vai onko tämä vain Davosin ylevää puhetta, että olemme huolissaan polarisaatiosta? Ruben Stiller haluaa tietää, mitä raatilaiset ajattelevat Suomen geopoliittisesta tilanteesta ja asemasta tällä hetkellä. Ja eritoten Rubenia kiinnostaa, mitä kansalaiset tästä ajattelevat. Rubenin mukaan maailma on kaaoksessa ja olemme juuri saaneet turvallisen isän, Naton. Tämän turvallisen isän yksi johtohahmo on henkilö, joka on yhtä arvaamaton kuin juoppohullu isä. Onko menossa epävarmuuden aika, jonka vaikutusta kansalaisten mielipiteisiin emme pysty vielä hahmottamaan? Jotkut valmistautuvat ainakin puheiden tasolla kolmanteen maailmansotaan, kuten eduskunnan puhemies Halla-aho. Mihin te arvon raatilaiset valmistaudutte?

Yhdysvaltain presidentti Donald Trump on ilmoittanut, että Yhdysvallat aikoo ottaa Gazan hallintaansa. Trumpin avausta arvioi puhelimessa Helsingin yliopiston Lähi-idän tutkimuksen professori Hannu Juusola. Yhdysvallat asetti Kiinalle tuontitulleja, mihin Kiina vastasi asettamalla omat tullinsa. Mitkä ovat tullien taloudelliset ja poliittiset vaikutukset? Keskustelemassa Nordean pääekonomisti Tuuli Koivu sekä toimitusjohtaja Risto E.J. Penttilä Nordic West Officesta. Lähetyksessä kuullaan myös Aasian-kirjeenvaihtajan Mika Hentusen raportti Pekingistä. Suomalaiset hornetit valvovat ja turvaavat Islannin ilmatilaa ensimmäistä kertaa Naton jäsenenä. Pohjoismaiden kirjeenvaihtaja Jenny Matikainen raportoi Islannista. Eduskunta palaa tauoltaan tositoimiin. Missä tunnelmissa poliitikot käärivät hihojaan? Keskustelemassa Eduskuntatutkimuksen keskuksen johtaja Markku Jokisipilä sekä politiikan apurahatutkija Theodora Helimäki Helsingin yliopistosta. Kreikassa turistelle tutun Santorínin saaren ympäristössä on havaittu lukuisia maanjäristyksiä. Tuhannet ovat paenneet saarelta. Toimittaja Sara Saure kertoo, mihin Santorínilla varaudutaan. Juontajana Justus Laitinen, toimittajina Atte Uusinoka ja Anna Nevalainen, tuottajana Annette Blencowe.

Suoraa puhetta johtaa Ruben Stiller. Keskustelijoina ovat Kaarina Hazard, Hilkka Olkinuora ja Pekka Seppänen. Kaarina Hazard on lukenut Ilta-Sanomista Taloustutkimuksen tekemän kyselyn tulokset suomalaisten huolenaiheista, jotka ovat sitten edellisen kyselyn (2,5 vuotta aiemmin) muuttuneet merkittävästi. Valtavasti on noussut kansalaisten huoli eriarvoistumisen ja tuloerojen kasvun suhteen. Kaarinan mielestä suomalaiset seuraavat sisäpolitiikkaa hyvin ja tarkasti. Hänestä kyselyn tulokset myös heijastelevat aika lailla hallituksen tekemiä päätöksiä, niiden seurauksia ja niistä syntyvää huolta. Kaarina esittää raatilaisille kysymyksen, mitä ajattelette huolenaiheista ja muutoksista niissä? Seuraako oma sisäinen kansalaispulssinne suomalaista trendiä vai oletteko yhtä mieltä valtiovarainministerimme kanssa, jonka mukaan suomalaiset ovat väärin huolissaan? Maanantaina 6.1. vahvistettiin USA:n presidentinvaalien tulos. Hilkka Olkinuora haluaa tietää, kenet me itse asiassa olemme saaneet sinne presidentiksi? Saimmeko tupla Trumpin? Castorin ja Polluxin vai Romuluksen ja Remuksen? Onko Elon Musk varjopresidentti, perskärpänen vai Rasputin? Onko hän uhka demokratialle ja jopa ihmishengille? Hilkka tiedustelee keskustelijoilta kahta asiaa. Mikä mies Trump on ja miten Trump-ilmiö on mahdollinen? Amerikkaan on syntymässä plutokratia eli rikkaiden harvainvalta, jossa rikkaat häpeämättä käyttävät rikkauttaan esim. ostavat valtaa. Onko plutokratian pelko aiheeton? Nato-maita on uhattu sotilasvoimien käytöllä. Yhdysvaltain presidentti Donald Trump ei ole sulkenut pois sotavoiman käyttöä, jotta Grönlanti saataisiin Yhdysvaltain hallintaan. Pekka Seppäsen mielestä nyt näyttää siltä, että olemme maailmassa jossa Natoon hyökätään jopa Naton sisältä. Onko Suomen Nato-jäsenyys edelleen pelkkä oikotie onneen, vai sotkeudutaanko yhä todennäköisemmin aina vain mutaisempiin velleihin? Olemmeko velvoitettuja puolustamaan Tanskaa, johon Grölanti kuuluu ja olemaan tärkeimmän liittolaisemme vihollinen tässä kiistassa?

Ranskan hallitus kaatui ja nyt uusi pääministeri sorvaa koalitiota. Myös Saksassa sisäpolitiikka on kaaoksessa, ja ennenaikaiset vaalit pidetään helmikuussa. Miten kahden Euroopan mahtimaan sisäpoliittiset kriisit vaikuttavat koko muuhun Eurooppaan? Jatkuuko Ukrainan tuki vahvana? Haastattelussa väitöskirjatutkija Antti Ronkainen Helsingin yliopistosta ja professori Luis Clerc Turun yliopistosta. Clerc kertoo, että äärioikeisto hyötyy Ranskan ja Saksan taloudellisesti heikoista tilanteista. Ronkainen arvioi, että Euroopan pitää saada Donald Trumpin kanssa "jonkinlainen diili" aikaan, jotta Yhdysvaltojen tuki Ukrainalle jatkuu ja Naton turvatakuut pysyvät uskottavina. Tämä tarkoittaisi Ronkaisen mukaan, että rahaa pitäisi löytyä puolustukseen ja aseita pitäisi ostaaa Yhdysvalloista. Clerc pitää epävarmana, että poliittista tahtoa ja rahaa löytyy Ranskasta ja Saksasta puolustuksen parantamiseksi. Euroopan pitäisi todennäköisesti ottaa uutta yhteisvelkaa puolustuksen parantamiseksi, Ronkainen arvioi. Toimittajana on Linda Pelkonen.

Taistelut Syyriassa puhkesivat, mitä siitä seuraa Lähi-idälle? Syyriassa kapinallisten joukot ovat ottaneet haltuunsa suuria osia Aleppon kaupungista ja maan hallinto on vastannut iskuilla yhteistyössä Venäjän kanssa. Keskustelemme studiossa siitä, mitä hyökkäys tarkoittaa Lähi-idän vakaudelle. Studiossa Ulkopoliittisen instituutin vanhempi tutkija Toni Alaranta ja Helsingin yliopiston väitöskirjatutkija Tiina Hyyppä. Georgiassa hallitusta vastustavat mielenosoitukset ovat levinneet jo pääkaupunki Tbilisin ulkopuolelle. Mielenosoittajat vastustavat hallituksen päätöstä lykätä neuvotteluja EU-jäsenyydestä. Toimittajamme Antti Kuronen raportoi. Naton ulkoministerit kokoontuvat tänään ja huomenna Brysselissä. Kokouksen yksi keskeisistä kysymyksista on Ukrainan tukeminen ja tilanne Yhdysvaltain vallanvaihdoksen jälkeen. Kokousta seuraa paikan päällä Nato-kirjeevaihtajamme Maria Stenroos Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos julkaisee tuoreet tiedot lasten ja nuorten lihavuudesta. Lasten ja nuorten ylipaino on huolestuttanut tutkijoita jo pitkään. Keväällä Suomessa aletaan tehdä systemaattisesti lasten ja nuorten lihavuusleikkauksia osassa Suomen yliopistosairaaloita. MIllainen ongelmat lasten ja nuorten ylipaino on ja millä tavoilla sitä voidaan hoitaa? Keskustelemassa kehittämispäällikkö Päivi Mäki THL:stä ja Turun yliopistollisen keskussairaalan ylilääkäri, professori Paulina Salminen. Teollisuusliiton organisoimat lakot käynnistyvät tiistaina. Ensimmäisenä päivänä lakot koskevat 24 toimipaikkaa eri puolilla Suomea. Toimittaja Jarmo Nuotio vierailee Kajaanissa Sartorius Biohitin tehtaalla toimipisteellä. Lähetyksen juontaa Atte Uusinoka, tuottajana Jaakko Parkkinen.

Millaista yhteistyötä Suomi tekee ulko-turpoasioissa etenkin Naton itäisten maiden kanssa? Kansanedustajat Pekka Haavisto (vihr.), Kimmo Kiljunen (sdp.), Jukka Kopra (kok.). Millaista on tulevaisuuden työttömyys? Mitä jos kaikki saisivat ansiosidannaista työttömyysturvaa? Keskustelemassa pääekonomisti Mauri Kotamäki Finnverasta sekä erityisasiantuntija Petja Eklund YTK:sta. Delhin ilmansaasteet ovat terveydelle vaarallisella tasolla. Intiasta raportoi toimittaja Pia Heikkilä. Kiinalaisten lehtien antia on lukenut kirjeenvaihtaja Mika Hentunen. Tuottajana Justus Laitinen. Lähetystä valmistelleet Marija Skara, Janette Leino. Juontajana Jaakko Parkkinen.

Pohjois-Korean on kerrottu lähettäneen joukkoja Venäjälle käytettäväksi Ukrainan sodassa. Pohjois-Korea on kiistänyt tiedot. Missä tilassa Venäjän armeija tällä hetkellä on? Vieraina MPKK:n erikoistutkija Pentti Forsström ja Ukrainan sotaa seuraava asiantuntija Emil Kastehelmi. Lähetyksessä kuullaan myös toimittaja Justas Stasevskijin raportti Kiovasta. Naton pääsihteeri Mark Rutte vierailee Virossa ja tapaa maan presidentin ja pääministerin. Virossa oleva toimittaja Rain Kooli raportoi vierailun annista. Onko politiikan tekeminen muuttunut kuormittavammaksi? Kansanedustajien jaksamisesta ovat keskustelemassa Eduskuntatutkimuksen keskuksen johtaja Markku Jokisipilä ja Iltalehden politiikan toimituksen päällikkö Juha Ristamäki. Eduskunta käsittelee tänään lakimuutosta, joka mahdollistaisi droonien hyödyntämisen vieraslajinisäkkäiden metsästyksessä. Miten drooneja voidaan käyttää metsästyksessä? Puhelimessa Metsästäjäliiton luonnon- ja riistanhoitopäällikkö Ere Grenfors. Juontajana Mira Stenström. Toimittajina Roosa Kajander, Anna Lehmusvesi ja Kreeta-Maria Kivioja. Tuottajana Annette Blencowe.

Ukrainan presidentti Zelensky esittelee voitonsuunnitelmaa Naton ulkoministereille. Perjantaina USA:n presidentti Biden tapaa puolestaan Ranskan, Saksan ja Britannian johtajat ja keskusteluiden kohteena on myös Ukraina. Studiossa Nordic West Officen toimitusjohtaja Risto E.J. Penttilä sekä suorissa Kiovasta Justas Stasevskij ja Brysselistä Maria Stenroos. Työperäisten oleskelulupien muutokset. Miten kolmen kuukauden sääntö parantaa työllisyyttä? Keskustelemassa hallitusneuvos Katri Niskanen työ- ja elinkeinoministeriöstä sekä johtava tutkija Merja Kauhanen työn ja talouden tutkimuksesta, Laboresta. Hintojen aleilmoittelu on yhä villiä. Alehankintoja tekeviä kuluttajia hämätään edelleen vajavaisilla tai piilotetuilla hintamerkinnöillä. Puhelimessa johtava asiantuntija Saija Kivimäki Kilpailu- ja kuluttajavirastosta. Juontajana Atte Uusinoka. Toimittajina Janette Leino ja Mikko Haapanen. Tuottajana Marija Skara.

Millaiseksi eurooppalainen turvapaikkapolitiikka on muotoutumassa? Haastateltavina Jean Monnet -professori Hanna Tuominen Helsingin yliopistosta ja yhdenvertaisuusvaltuutettu Kristina Stenman. Lisäksi Italian-toimittajamme Jenna Vehviläinen kertoo Sisiliasta maan harjoittamasta “Albanian mallista”. Naton liittolaismaiden puolustusministerit kokoontuvat tänään Brysseliin. Nato-erikoistoimittajamme Maria Stenroosin raportti. Häätöjen määrä on kasvanut suurissa kaupungeissa. Miten asumiskustannukset vaikuttavat ihmisten toimeentuloon? Vieraina toimitusjohtaja Juha Pantzar Takuusäätiöstä ja Kova ry:n toimitusjohtaja Jouni Parkkonen. Tanskan lehtien antia on tutkinut Tanskan-toimittajamme Karoliina Kantola Kööpenhaminasta. Juontajana Mira Stenström, toimittajina Kreeta-Maria Kivioja ja Rasmus Montonen, tuottaja Matti Konttinen.

The Transatlantist-podisarjassa etsitään analyysia ja uusia näkökulmia siihen, millä mallilla Yhdysvaltojen ja Suomen yhteydet ulkopolitiikassa ovat, mihin ne ovat menossa ja miten ne liittyvät kansainväliseen järjestykseen. Projekti on toteutettu Yhdysvaltain suurlähetystön tuella. Turvallisuuspolitiikka puhututtaa entistä enemmän ja sarjan toisessa jaksossa syvennytäänkin turvallisuuspolitiikan avainkysymyksiin ja pohditaan, millainen rooli turvallisuuspolitiikalla on Yhdysvaltojen ulkopolitiikassa? Entä millainen rooli kriisinhallinnalla on Yhdysvaltojen ja sen liittolaisten turvallisuuspolitiikassa? Ja miten YK:n 1325-päätöslauselma Naiset, rauha ja turvallisuus näkyy Naton toiminnassa? Jakson vieraana on Ulkopoliittisen instituutin johtava tutkija Charly Salonius-Pasternak sekä kuulemme erikoishaastattelun Naiset, rauha ja turvallisuus-verkoston jäseneltä, Suomen Akateemisten Naisten Liiton toimitusjohtajalta Susanna Sulkuselta. Jakson juontavat Ida-Susanna Pöllänen ja Olli Puumalainen.

Viimeisimmät tiedot Lähi-idän sotatilanteesta. Puhelimessa Suomen Libanonin-suurlähettiläs Anne Meskanen. Sota Lähi-idässä on laajentunut moniin eri suuntiin. Millä tavalla hyökkäyksiä perustellaan? Entä millaisia sodankäynnin sääntöjä noudatetaan tai rikotaan? Keskustelemassa everstiluutnantti Juha Mäkelä Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulusta ja oikeudellinen neuvonantaja Jani Leino Suomen punaisesta rististä. Naton vuosittainen ydinaseharjoitus Steadfast Noon alkaa tänään. Harjoituksessa on mukana yli 60 lentokonetta ja se keskittyy Britanniaan, Belgiaan ja Hollantiin sekä Pohjanmeren alueelle. Harjoituksen merkitystä analysoi tutkijatohtori Iro Särkkä Ulkopoliittisesta instituutista. Viime aikoina on kuultu paljon huonoja työllisyysuutisia. Miksi irtisanomisten, muutosneuvotteluiden ja konkurssien aalto on edelleen meneillään ja millä tavalla valtio voi tukea paikkakuntia, joita koetellaan kovimmin? Vierainamme osastopäällikkö Tiina Korhonen työ- ja elinkeinoministeriöstä sekä johtaja Mika Maliranta Työn ja talouden tutkimus Laboresta. Lisäksi Äänekosken kaupunginjohtaja Matti Tuononen kertoo pienen teollisuuskaupungin tilanteesta isojen irtisanomisuutisten jälkeen. Juontaja Atte Uusinoka, toimittajat Mikko Haapanen ja Roosa Kajander, tuottaja Marija Skara.

Puolustusliitto Nato kokoontui tällä viikolla Washingtoniin juhlimaan 75-vuotista taivaltaan. Juhlapuheissa Naton sanottiin olevan vahvempi kuin koskaan. Turvallisuuspoliittisesti epävakaat ajat ovat vauhdittaneet ennätykselliset 23 jäsenmaata 32:sta nostamaan puolustusmenonsa Naton edellyttämälle kahden prosentin tasolle bruttokansantuotteesta. Ohjelmassa haastateltavien asiantuntijoiden mukaan osa Euroopan maista -isoistakin - alisuoriutuu puolustuspanostuksissaan edelleen. He peräävät muun muassa Saksalta lisäinvestointeja Euroopan turvallisuuteen. Yksi selvästi alle kahden prosentin jäävistä on Portugali. Ohjelmassa kysytään portugalilaisasiantuntijalta miksi Naton perustajavaltioihin lukeutuva maa ei panosta puolustukseen enempää. Ukrainalle Nato-jäsenyyskutsua ei herunut vieläkään, mutta sen sijaan uutta sotilasapua, kuten ilmatorjuntajärjestelmiä tulee. Lisäksi Nato linjasi Ukrainan Nato-jäsenyyden olevan väistämätön. Tosin minkäänlaista aikaa jäsenyyden toteutumiselle ei annettu. Maailmanpolitiikan arkipäivää -ohjelman ovat toimittaneet Erja Tuomaala ja Paula Vilén. Äänitarkkailijana on Panu Willman. Tunnusmusiikki: Petri Alanko, kuva: Tuuli Laukkanen/Yle.

Naton huippukokous Washingtonissa on päättynyt. Kokous suitsi Venäjää ja sen kumppanimaita sekä lupasi pitää Nato-oven auki Ukrainalle. Millainen merkitys huippukokouksella oli maailmanpolitiikalle? Studiossa ovat Ulkopoliittisen instituutin vanhempi tutkija Iro Särkkä ja tutkimusjohtaja Jari Kaivo-oja Tulevaisuuden tutkimuskeskuksesta. Yhdysvaltain presidentti Joe Biden piti yöllä odotetun lehdistötilaisuutensa, jonka etukäteen odotettiin olevan ratkaiseva Bidenin presidenttiehdokkuuden kannalta. Bidenin lehdistötilaisuuden sisältöä analysoi tutkijatohtori Pekka Kolehmainen Pohjois-Amerikan tutkimuksen John Morton -keskuksesta. Eduskunta äänestää tänään kiistellystä, niin kutsutusta käännytyslaista. Jos laki menee läpi, mitä se merkitsisi rajavartioston työntekijöille? Toimittaja Maija Tuunilan haastattelussa on Kaakkois-Suomen rajavartioston apulaiskomentaja, everstiluutnantti Heikki Ahtiainen. Yle-rahoituksen kohtalo venyy, käännytyslaista äänestetään eduskunnassa ja politiikan kesä sytkyttää eteenpäin siis suurten päätösten keskellä. Kotimaan politiikan tilannetta luotaavat politiikan toimittajat Joona Aaltonen Helsingin Sanomista, Ilmari Nurmi Iltalehdestä ja Maria Nykänen MTV:stä. Juontaja on Mira Stenström, toimittaja Satu Heikkilä ja tuottaja Raisa Pöllänen.

EU-vaalipäivään on enää kolme yötä. Millaisissa asetelmissa Suomessa mennään kohti vaaleja ja illan viimeistä Ylen suurta vaalitenttiä. Studiossa erikoistutkija Jenni Karimäki Turun yliopistosta, väitöskirjatutkija Johannes Lehtinen Tampereen yliopistosta sekä Ylen politiikan erikoistoimittaja Ari Hakahuhta. Euroopan keskuspankin neuvosto kokoontuu tänään korkokokoukseensa. EKP:n odotetaan pitkästä aikaa laskevan ohjauskorkoja. Frankfurtista raportoi Anna Karismo. Naton pääsihteeri Jens Stoltenberg on paraikaa vierailulla Suomessa. Mitä pääsihteerin tänään tapaava puolustusministeri Antti Häkkänen (kok) odottaa vierailulta? Mikä merkitys Stoltenbergin ensimmäisellä vierailulla Nato-Suomeen on? Studiossa Ylen Nato-erikoistoimittaja Maria Stenroos. Ulkomaanlehtikatsaus Espanjasta, toimittaja Maija Salmi. Juontaja Mira Stenström, toimittaja Roosa Kajander. Tuottaja Hanna Juuti.

Venäjä on ilmoittanut muuttavansa Liettuan ja Suomen vastaista merirajaa. Olisiko aika laittaa Suomessakin jäitä hattuun, jotta emme palvelisi paniikillamme Venäjän hybridioperaation intressejä? Nordic West Office toimitusjohtaja Risto E.J Penttilä analysoi Venäjän pelin skenaarioita. Onko Venäjällä resursseja Naton sotilaalliseen haastamiseen? Eläköön akateeminen vapaus? Ovatko Venäjä-boikotit menneet liian pitkälle? Lapin yliopiston tutkijan Lassi Helmisen emeritussopimus irtisanottiin Venäjä-yhteistyön takia. Itä-Suomen yliopisto peruutti Tarja Cronbergin kunniatohtorin arvon, kun Cronbergin vierailut Venäjällä olivat herättäneet kohun. Kielitieteilijä ja tietokirjailija Janne Saarikivi puhuu akateemisen vapauden puolesta.

Iranin presidentin ja ulkoministeri ovat kuolleet helikopterionnettomuudessa maan koillisosissa. Mitä onnettomuus merkitsee Lähi-idän herkässä tilanteessa. Haastateltavana Lähi-idän tutkimuksen professori Hannu Juusola. Naton luomat mahdollisuudet Suomen teollisuudelle. Haastateltavana pääsihteeri, Tuija Karanko Puolustus- ja ilmailuteollisuus PIA ry:stä Miten saamelaisten totuus- ja sovintoprosessi edistyy? Haastateltavana Saamelaisten totuus- ja sovintokomission puheenjohtaja Hannele Pokka ja Saamelaispaliskunnat ry:n puheenjohtaja Tiina Sanila-Aikio. Eurovaalitentin etkot. Millaisilla teemoilla puolueen suuntaavat eurovaaleihin. Haastateltavana Liike Nytin eurovaaliehdokas (varakansanedustaja) Nina Nummela, kristillisdemokraattien varapuheenjohtaja Mika Poutala ja ruotsalaisen kansanpuolueen eduskuntaryhmän puheenjohtaja Otto Andersson Juontajana Jaakko Parkkinen. Toimittajina Atte Uusinoka ja Anssi Väisäinen. Tuottajana Marija Skara.

Venäjän presidentti Vladimir Putin on toistuvasti väläyttänyt ydinaseuhkaa Ukrainan sodan aikana. Viimeksi Putin varoitti ydinasekonfliktista, jos länsi lähettää joukkoja Ukrainaan. Ohjelmassa kysytään ydinasepolitiikan asiantuntijoilta, miten Putinin jatkuvaan ydinuhitteluun tulisi suhtautua ja missä jamassa on Naton ydinasepelote. Lisäksi suomalaistutkijat avaavat millaisia roolimahdollisuuksia Suomelle Naton ydinasepelotepolitiikassa olisi tarjolla. Tutkijoiden laatiman tutkimusraportin mukaan ydinaseiden säilyttämistä Suomelta ei edellytetä, Naton ydinpelotepolitiikkaan voi osallistua myös monin muin tavoin. Ohjelmassa haastateltava yhdysvaltalaisprofessori suhtautuu ydinasepelotteeseen epäillen ja katsoo sen Ukrainan sodan tapauksessa hyödyttäneen eniten Putinia, koska ydinase-eskalaation pelossa länsi on jarrutellut raskaamman aseistuksen lähettämistä Ukrainaan. Maailmanpolitiikan arkipäivää -ohjelman on toimittanut Paula Vilén. Äänitarkkailijana on Marko Vierikko. Tunnusmusiikki: Petri Alanko, kuva: Tuuli Laukkanen/Yle.

We will be recording a preview of the AI Engineer World's Fair soon with swyx and Ben Dunphy, send any questions about Speaker CFPs and Sponsor Guides you have!Alessio is now hiring engineers for a new startup he is incubating at Decibel: Ideal candidate is an ex-technical co-founder type (can MVP products end to end, comfortable with ambiguous prod requirements, etc). Reach out to him for more!Thanks for all the love on the Four Wars episode! We're excited to develop this new “swyx & Alessio rapid-fire thru a bunch of things” format with you, and feedback is welcome. Jan 2024 RecapThe first half of this monthly audio recap pod goes over our highlights from the Jan Recap, which is mainly focused on notable research trends we saw in Jan 2024:Feb 2024 RecapThe second half catches you up on everything that was topical in Feb, including:* OpenAI Sora - does it have a world model? Yann LeCun vs Jim Fan * Google Gemini Pro 1.5 - 1m Long Context, Video Understanding* Groq offering Mixtral at 500 tok/s at $0.27 per million toks (swyx vs dylan math)* The {Gemini | Meta | Copilot} Alignment Crisis (Sydney is back!)* Grimes' poetic take: Art for no one, by no one* F*** you, show me the promptLatent Space AnniversaryPlease also read Alessio's longform reflections on One Year of Latent Space!We launched the podcast 1 year ago with Logan from OpenAI:and also held an incredible demo day that got covered in The Information:Over 750k downloads later, having established ourselves as the top AI Engineering podcast, reaching #10 in the US Tech podcast charts, and crossing 1 million unique readers on Substack, for our first anniversary we held Latent Space Final Frontiers, where 10 handpicked teams, including Lindy.ai and Julius.ai, competed for prizes judged by technical AI leaders from (former guest!) LlamaIndex, Replit, GitHub, AMD, Meta, and Lemurian Labs.The winners were Pixee and RWKV (that's Eugene from our pod!):And finally, your cohosts got cake!We also captured spot interviews with 4 listeners who kindly shared their experience of Latent Space, everywhere from Hungary to Australia to China:* Balázs Némethi* Sylvia Tong* RJ Honicky* Jan ZhengOur birthday wishes for the super loyal fans reading this - tag @latentspacepod on a Tweet or comment on a @LatentSpaceTV video telling us what you liked or learned from a pod that stays with you to this day, and share us with a friend!As always, feedback is welcome. Timestamps* [00:03:02] Top Five LLM Directions* [00:03:33] Direction 1: Long Inference (Planning, Search, AlphaGeometry, Flow Engineering)* [00:11:42] Direction 2: Synthetic Data (WRAP, SPIN)* [00:17:20] Wildcard: Multi-Epoch Training (OLMo, Datablations)* [00:19:43] Direction 3: Alt. Architectures (Mamba, RWKV, RingAttention, Diffusion Transformers)* [00:23:33] Wildcards: Text Diffusion, RALM/Retro* [00:25:00] Direction 4: Mixture of Experts (DeepSeekMoE, Samba-1)* [00:28:26] Wildcard: Model Merging (mergekit)* [00:29:51] Direction 5: Online LLMs (Gemini Pro, Exa)* [00:33:18] OpenAI Sora and why everyone underestimated videogen* [00:36:18] Does Sora have a World Model? Yann LeCun vs Jim Fan* [00:42:33] Groq Math* [00:47:37] Analyzing Gemini's 1m Context, Reddit deal, Imagegen politics, Gemma via the Four Wars* [00:55:42] The Alignment Crisis - Gemini, Meta, Sydney is back at Copilot, Grimes' take* [00:58:39] F*** you, show me the prompt* [01:02:43] Send us your suggestions pls* [01:04:50] Latent Space Anniversary* [01:04:50] Lindy.ai - Agent Platform* [01:06:40] RWKV - Beyond Transformers* [01:15:00] Pixee - Automated Security* [01:19:30] Julius AI - Competing with Code Interpreter* [01:25:03] Latent Space Listeners* [01:25:03] Listener 1 - Balázs Némethi (Hungary, Latent Space Paper Club* [01:27:47] Listener 2 - Sylvia Tong (Sora/Jim Fan/EntreConnect)* [01:31:23] Listener 3 - RJ (Developers building Community & Content)* [01:39:25] Listener 4 - Jan Zheng (Australia, AI UX)Transcript[00:00:00] AI Charlie: Welcome to the Latent Space podcast, weekend edition. This is Charlie, your new AI co host. Happy weekend. As an AI language model, I work the same every day of the week, although I might get lazier towards the end of the year. Just like you. Last month, we released our first monthly recap pod, where Swyx and Alessio gave quick takes on the themes of the month, and we were blown away by your positive response.[00:00:33] AI Charlie: We're delighted to continue our new monthly news recap series for AI engineers. Please feel free to submit questions by joining the Latent Space Discord, or just hit reply when you get the emails from Substack. This month, we're covering the top research directions that offer progress for text LLMs, and then touching on the big Valentine's Day gifts we got from Google, OpenAI, and Meta.[00:00:55] AI Charlie: Watch out and take care.[00:00:57] Alessio: Hey everyone, welcome to the Latent Space Podcast. This is Alessio, partner and CTO of Residence at Decibel Partners, and we're back with a monthly recap with my co host[00:01:06] swyx: Swyx. The reception was very positive for the first one, I think people have requested this and no surprise that I think they want to hear us more applying on issues and maybe drop some alpha along the way I'm not sure how much alpha we have to drop, this month in February was a very, very heavy month, we also did not do one specifically for January, so I think we're just going to do a two in one, because we're recording this on the first of March.[00:01:29] Alessio: Yeah, let's get to it. I think the last one we did, the four wars of AI, was the main kind of mental framework for people. I think in the January one, we had the five worthwhile directions for state of the art LLMs. Four, five,[00:01:42] swyx: and now we have to do six, right? Yeah.[00:01:46] Alessio: So maybe we just want to run through those, and then do the usual news recap, and we can do[00:01:52] swyx: one each.[00:01:53] swyx: So the context to this stuff. is one, I noticed that just the test of time concept from NeurIPS and just in general as a life philosophy I think is a really good idea. Especially in AI, there's news every single day, and after a while you're just like, okay, like, everyone's excited about this thing yesterday, and then now nobody's talking about it.[00:02:13] swyx: So, yeah. It's more important, or better use of time, to spend things, spend time on things that will stand the test of time. And I think for people to have a framework for understanding what will stand the test of time, they should have something like the four wars. Like, what is the themes that keep coming back because they are limited resources that everybody's fighting over.[00:02:31] swyx: Whereas this one, I think that the focus for the five directions is just on research that seems more proMECEng than others, because there's all sorts of papers published every single day, and there's no organization. Telling you, like, this one's more important than the other one apart from, you know, Hacker News votes and Twitter likes and whatever.[00:02:51] swyx: And obviously you want to get in a little bit earlier than Something where, you know, the test of time is counted by sort of reference citations.[00:02:59] The Five Research Directions[00:02:59] Alessio: Yeah, let's do it. We got five. Long inference.[00:03:02] swyx: Let's start there. Yeah, yeah. So, just to recap at the top, the five trends that I picked, and obviously if you have some that I did not cover, please suggest something.[00:03:13] swyx: The five are long inference, synthetic data, alternative architectures, mixture of experts, and online LLMs. And something that I think might be a bit controversial is this is a sorted list in the sense that I am not the guy saying that Mamba is like the future and, and so maybe that's controversial.[00:03:31] Direction 1: Long Inference (Planning, Search, AlphaGeometry, Flow Engineering)[00:03:31] swyx: But anyway, so long inference is a thesis I pushed before on the newsletter and on in discussing The thesis that, you know, Code Interpreter is GPT 4. 5. That was the title of the post. And it's one of many ways in which we can do long inference. You know, long inference also includes chain of thought, like, please think step by step.[00:03:52] swyx: But it also includes flow engineering, which is what Itamar from Codium coined, I think in January, where, basically, instead of instead of stuffing everything in a prompt, You do like sort of multi turn iterative feedback and chaining of things. In a way, this is a rebranding of what a chain is, what a lang chain is supposed to be.[00:04:15] swyx: I do think that maybe SGLang from ElemSys is a better name. Probably the neatest way of flow engineering I've seen yet, in the sense that everything is a one liner, it's very, very clean code. I highly recommend people look at that. I'm surprised it hasn't caught on more, but I think it will. It's weird that something like a DSPy is more hyped than a Shilang.[00:04:36] swyx: Because it, you know, it maybe obscures the code a little bit more. But both of these are, you know, really good sort of chain y and long inference type approaches. But basically, the reason that the basic fundamental insight is that the only, like, there are only a few dimensions we can scale LLMs. So, let's say in like 2020, no, let's say in like 2018, 2017, 18, 19, 20, we were realizing that we could scale the number of parameters.[00:05:03] swyx: 20, we were And we scaled that up to 175 billion parameters for GPT 3. And we did some work on scaling laws, which we also talked about in our talk. So the datasets 101 episode where we're like, okay, like we, we think like the right number is 300 billion tokens to, to train 175 billion parameters and then DeepMind came along and trained Gopher and Chinchilla and said that, no, no, like, you know, I think we think the optimal.[00:05:28] swyx: compute optimal ratio is 20 tokens per parameter. And now, of course, with LLAMA and the sort of super LLAMA scaling laws, we have 200 times and often 2, 000 times tokens to parameters. So now, instead of scaling parameters, we're scaling data. And fine, we can keep scaling data. But what else can we scale?[00:05:52] swyx: And I think understanding the ability to scale things is crucial to understanding what to pour money and time and effort into because there's a limit to how much you can scale some things. And I think people don't think about ceilings of things. And so the remaining ceiling of inference is like, okay, like, we have scaled compute, we have scaled data, we have scaled parameters, like, model size, let's just say.[00:06:20] swyx: Like, what else is left? Like, what's the low hanging fruit? And it, and it's, like, blindingly obvious that the remaining low hanging fruit is inference time. So, like, we have scaled training time. We can probably scale more, those things more, but, like, not 10x, not 100x, not 1000x. Like, right now, maybe, like, a good run of a large model is three months.[00:06:40] swyx: We can scale that to three years. But like, can we scale that to 30 years? No, right? Like, it starts to get ridiculous. So it's just the orders of magnitude of scaling. It's just, we're just like running out there. But in terms of the amount of time that we spend inferencing, like everything takes, you know, a few milliseconds, a few hundred milliseconds, depending on what how you're taking token by token, or, you know, entire phrase.[00:07:04] swyx: But We can scale that to hours, days, months of inference and see what we get. And I think that's really proMECEng.[00:07:11] Alessio: Yeah, we'll have Mike from Broadway back on the podcast. But I tried their product and their reports take about 10 minutes to generate instead of like just in real time. I think to me the most interesting thing about long inference is like, You're shifting the cost to the customer depending on how much they care about the end result.[00:07:31] Alessio: If you think about prompt engineering, it's like the first part, right? You can either do a simple prompt and get a simple answer or do a complicated prompt and get a better answer. It's up to you to decide how to do it. Now it's like, hey, instead of like, yeah, training this for three years, I'll still train it for three months and then I'll tell you, you know, I'll teach you how to like make it run for 10 minutes to get a better result.[00:07:52] Alessio: So you're kind of like parallelizing like the improvement of the LLM. Oh yeah, you can even[00:07:57] swyx: parallelize that, yeah, too.[00:07:58] Alessio: So, and I think, you know, for me, especially the work that I do, it's less about, you know, State of the art and the absolute, you know, it's more about state of the art for my application, for my use case.[00:08:09] Alessio: And I think we're getting to the point where like most companies and customers don't really care about state of the art anymore. It's like, I can get this to do a good enough job. You know, I just need to get better. Like, how do I do long inference? You know, like people are not really doing a lot of work in that space, so yeah, excited to see more.[00:08:28] swyx: So then the last point I'll mention here is something I also mentioned as paper. So all these directions are kind of guided by what happened in January. That was my way of doing a January recap. Which means that if there was nothing significant in that month, I also didn't mention it. Which is which I came to regret come February 15th, but in January also, you know, there was also the alpha geometry paper, which I kind of put in this sort of long inference bucket, because it solves like, you know, more than 100 step math olympiad geometry problems at a human gold medalist level and that also involves planning, right?[00:08:59] swyx: So like, if you want to scale inference, you can't scale it blindly, because just, Autoregressive token by token generation is only going to get you so far. You need good planning. And I think probably, yeah, what Mike from BrightWave is now doing and what everyone is doing, including maybe what we think QSTAR might be, is some form of search and planning.[00:09:17] swyx: And it makes sense. Like, you want to spend your inference time wisely. How do you[00:09:22] Alessio: think about plans that work and getting them shared? You know, like, I feel like if you're planning a task, somebody has got in and the models are stochastic. So everybody gets initially different results. Somebody is going to end up generating the best plan to do something, but there's no easy way to like store these plans and then reuse them for most people.[00:09:44] Alessio: You know, like, I'm curious if there's going to be. Some paper or like some work there on like making it better because, yeah, we don't[00:09:52] swyx: really have This is your your pet topic of NPM for[00:09:54] Alessio: Yeah, yeah, NPM, exactly. NPM for, you need NPM for anything, man. You need NPM for skills. You need NPM for planning. Yeah, yeah.[00:10:02] Alessio: You know I think, I mean, obviously the Voyager paper is like the most basic example where like, now their artifact is like the best planning to do a diamond pickaxe in Minecraft. And everybody can just use that. They don't need to come up with it again. Yeah. But there's nothing like that for actually useful[00:10:18] swyx: tasks.[00:10:19] swyx: For plans, I believe it for skills. I like that. Basically, that just means a bunch of integration tooling. You know, GPT built me integrations to all these things. And, you know, I just came from an integrations heavy business and I could definitely, I definitely propose some version of that. And it's just, you know, hard to execute or expensive to execute.[00:10:38] swyx: But for planning, I do think that everyone lives in slightly different worlds. They have slightly different needs. And they definitely want some, you know, And I think that that will probably be the main hurdle for any, any sort of library or package manager for planning. But there should be a meta plan of how to plan.[00:10:57] swyx: And maybe you can adopt that. And I think a lot of people when they have sort of these meta prompting strategies of like, I'm not prescribing you the prompt. I'm just saying that here are the like, Fill in the lines or like the mad libs of how to prompts. First you have the roleplay, then you have the intention, then you have like do something, then you have the don't something and then you have the my grandmother is dying, please do this.[00:11:19] swyx: So the meta plan you could, you could take off the shelf and test a bunch of them at once. I like that. That was the initial, maybe, promise of the, the prompting libraries. You know, both 9chain and Llama Index have, like, hubs that you can sort of pull off the shelf. I don't think they're very successful because people like to write their own.[00:11:36] swyx: Yeah,[00:11:37] Direction 2: Synthetic Data (WRAP, SPIN)[00:11:37] Alessio: yeah, yeah. Yeah, that's a good segue into the next one, which is synthetic[00:11:41] swyx: data. Synthetic data is so hot. Yeah, and, you know, the way, you know, I think I, I feel like I should do one of these memes where it's like, Oh, like I used to call it, you know, R L A I F, and now I call it synthetic data, and then people are interested.[00:11:54] swyx: But there's gotta be older versions of what synthetic data really is because I'm sure, you know if you've been in this field long enough, There's just different buzzwords that the industry condenses on. Anyway, the insight that I think is relatively new that why people are excited about it now and why it's proMECEng now is that we have evidence that shows that LLMs can generate data to improve themselves with no teacher LLM.[00:12:22] swyx: For all of 2023, when people say synthetic data, they really kind of mean generate a whole bunch of data from GPT 4 and then train an open source model on it. Hello to our friends at News Research. That's what News Harmony says. They're very, very open about that. I think they have said that they're trying to migrate away from that.[00:12:40] swyx: But it is explicitly against OpenAI Terms of Service. Everyone knows this. You know, especially once ByteDance got banned for, for doing exactly that. So so, so synthetic data that is not a form of model distillation is the hot thing right now, that you can bootstrap better LLM performance from the same LLM, which is very interesting.[00:13:03] swyx: A variant of this is RLAIF, where you have a, where you have a sort of a constitutional model, or, you know, some, some kind of judge model That is sort of more aligned. But that's not really what we're talking about when most people talk about synthetic data. Synthetic data is just really, I think, you know, generating more data in some way.[00:13:23] swyx: A lot of people, I think we talked about this with Vipul from the Together episode, where I think he commented that you just have to have a good world model. Or a good sort of inductive bias or whatever that, you know, term of art is. And that is strongest in math and science math and code, where you can verify what's right and what's wrong.[00:13:44] swyx: And so the REST EM paper from DeepMind explored that. Very well, it's just the most obvious thing like and then and then once you get out of that domain of like things where you can generate You can arbitrarily generate like a whole bunch of stuff and verify if they're correct and therefore they're they're correct synthetic data to train on Once you get into more sort of fuzzy topics, then it's then it's a bit less clear So I think that the the papers that drove this understanding There are two big ones and then one smaller one One was wrap like rephrasing the web from from Apple where they basically rephrased all of the C4 data set with Mistral and it be trained on that instead of C4.[00:14:23] swyx: And so new C4 trained much faster and cheaper than old C, than regular raw C4. And that was very interesting. And I have told some friends of ours that they should just throw out their own existing data sets and just do that because that seems like a pure win. Obviously we have to study, like, what the trade offs are.[00:14:42] swyx: I, I imagine there are trade offs. So I was just thinking about this last night. If you do synthetic data and it's generated from a model, probably you will not train on typos. So therefore you'll be like, once the model that's trained on synthetic data encounters the first typo, they'll be like, what is this?[00:15:01] swyx: I've never seen this before. So they have no association or correction as to like, oh, these tokens are often typos of each other, therefore they should be kind of similar. I don't know. That's really remains to be seen, I think. I don't think that the Apple people export[00:15:15] Alessio: that. Yeah, isn't that the whole, Mode collapse thing, if we do more and more of this at the end of the day.[00:15:22] swyx: Yeah, that's one form of that. Yeah, exactly. Microsoft also had a good paper on text embeddings. And then I think this is a meta paper on self rewarding language models. That everyone is very interested in. Another paper was also SPIN. These are all things we covered in the the Latent Space Paper Club.[00:15:37] swyx: But also, you know, I just kind of recommend those as top reads of the month. Yeah, I don't know if there's any much else in terms, so and then, regarding the potential of it, I think it's high potential because, one, it solves one of the data war issues that we have, like, everyone is OpenAI is paying Reddit 60 million dollars a year for their user generated data.[00:15:56] swyx: Google, right?[00:15:57] Alessio: Not OpenAI.[00:15:59] swyx: Is it Google? I don't[00:16:00] Alessio: know. Well, somebody's paying them 60 million, that's[00:16:04] swyx: for sure. Yes, that is, yeah, yeah, and then I think it's maybe not confirmed who. But yeah, it is Google. Oh my god, that's interesting. Okay, because everyone was saying, like, because Sam Altman owns 5 percent of Reddit, which is apparently 500 million worth of Reddit, he owns more than, like, the founders.[00:16:21] Alessio: Not enough to get the data,[00:16:22] swyx: I guess. So it's surprising that it would go to Google instead of OpenAI, but whatever. Okay yeah, so I think that's all super interesting in the data field. I think it's high potential because we have evidence that it works. There's not a doubt that it doesn't work. I think it's a doubt that there's, what the ceiling is, which is the mode collapse thing.[00:16:42] swyx: If it turns out that the ceiling is pretty close, then this will maybe augment our data by like, I don't know, 30 50 percent good, but not game[00:16:51] Alessio: changing. And most of the synthetic data stuff, it's reinforcement learning on a pre trained model. People are not really doing pre training on fully synthetic data, like, large enough scale.[00:17:02] swyx: Yeah, unless one of our friends that we've talked to succeeds. Yeah, yeah. Pre trained synthetic data, pre trained scale synthetic data, I think that would be a big step. Yeah. And then there's a wildcard, so all of these, like smaller Directions,[00:17:15] Wildcard: Multi-Epoch Training (OLMo, Datablations)[00:17:15] swyx: I always put a wildcard in there. And one of the wildcards is, okay, like, Let's say, you have pre, you have, You've scraped all the data on the internet that you think is useful.[00:17:25] swyx: Seems to top out at somewhere between 2 trillion to 3 trillion tokens. Maybe 8 trillion if Mistral, Mistral gets lucky. Okay, if I need 80 trillion, if I need 100 trillion, where do I go? And so, you can do synthetic data maybe, but maybe that only gets you to like 30, 40 trillion. Like where, where is the extra alpha?[00:17:43] swyx: And maybe extra alpha is just train more on the same tokens. Which is exactly what Omo did, like Nathan Lambert, AI2, After, just after he did the interview with us, they released Omo. So, it's unfortunate that we didn't get to talk much about it. But Omo actually started doing 1. 5 epochs on every, on all data.[00:18:00] swyx: And the data ablation paper that I covered in Europe's says that, you know, you don't like, don't really start to tap out of like, the alpha or the sort of improved loss that you get from data all the way until four epochs. And so I'm just like, okay, like, why do we all agree that one epoch is all you need?[00:18:17] swyx: It seems like to be a trend. It seems that we think that memorization is very good or too good. But then also we're finding that, you know, For improvement in results that we really like, we're fine on overtraining on things intentionally. So, I think that's an interesting direction that I don't see people exploring enough.[00:18:36] swyx: And the more I see papers coming out Stretching beyond the one epoch thing, the more people are like, it's completely fine. And actually, the only reason we stopped is because we ran out of compute[00:18:46] Alessio: budget. Yeah, I think that's the biggest thing, right?[00:18:51] swyx: Like, that's not a valid reason, that's not science. I[00:18:54] Alessio: wonder if, you know, Matt is going to do it.[00:18:57] Alessio: I heard LamaTree, they want to do a 100 billion parameters model. I don't think you can train that on too many epochs, even with their compute budget, but yeah. They're the only ones that can save us, because even if OpenAI is doing this, they're not going to tell us, you know. Same with DeepMind.[00:19:14] swyx: Yeah, and so the updates that we got on Lambda 3 so far is apparently that because of the Gemini news that we'll talk about later they're pushing it back on the release.[00:19:21] swyx: They already have it. And they're just pushing it back to do more safety testing. Politics testing.[00:19:28] Alessio: Well, our episode with Sumit will have already come out by the time this comes out, I think. So people will get the inside story on how they actually allocate the compute.[00:19:38] Direction 3: Alt. Architectures (Mamba, RWKV, RingAttention, Diffusion Transformers)[00:19:38] Alessio: Alternative architectures. Well, shout out to our WKV who won one of the prizes at our Final Frontiers event last week.[00:19:47] Alessio: We talked about Mamba and Strapain on the Together episode. A lot of, yeah, monarch mixers. I feel like Together, It's like the strong Stanford Hazy Research Partnership, because Chris Ray is one of the co founders. So they kind of have a, I feel like they're going to be the ones that have one of the state of the art models alongside maybe RWKB.[00:20:08] Alessio: I haven't seen as many independent. People working on this thing, like Monarch Mixer, yeah, Manbuster, Payena, all of these are together related. Nobody understands the math. They got all the gigabrains, they got 3DAO, they got all these folks in there, like, working on all of this.[00:20:25] swyx: Albert Gu, yeah. Yeah, so what should we comment about it?[00:20:28] swyx: I mean, I think it's useful, interesting, but at the same time, both of these are supposed to do really good scaling for long context. And then Gemini comes out and goes like, yeah, we don't need it. Yeah.[00:20:44] Alessio: No, that's the risk. So, yeah. I was gonna say, maybe it's not here, but I don't know if we want to talk about diffusion transformers as like in the alt architectures, just because of Zora.[00:20:55] swyx: One thing, yeah, so, so, you know, this came from the Jan recap, which, and diffusion transformers were not really a discussion, and then, obviously, they blow up in February. Yeah. I don't think they're, it's a mixed architecture in the same way that Stripe Tiena is mixed there's just different layers taking different approaches.[00:21:13] swyx: Also I think another one that I maybe didn't call out here, I think because it happened in February, was hourglass diffusion from stability. But also, you know, another form of mixed architecture. So I guess that is interesting. I don't have much commentary on that, I just think, like, we will try to evolve these things, and maybe one of these architectures will stick and scale, it seems like diffusion transformers is going to be good for anything generative, you know, multi modal.[00:21:41] swyx: We don't see anything where diffusion is applied to text yet, and that's the wild card for this category. Yeah, I mean, I think I still hold out hope for let's just call it sub quadratic LLMs. I think that a lot of discussion this month actually was also centered around this concept that People always say, oh, like, transformers don't scale because attention is quadratic in the sequence length.[00:22:04] swyx: Yeah, but, you know, attention actually is a very small part of the actual compute that is being spent, especially in inference. And this is the reason why, you know, when you multiply, when you, when you, when you jump up in terms of the, the model size in GPT 4 from like, you know, 38k to like 32k, you don't also get like a 16 times increase in your, in your performance.[00:22:23] swyx: And this is also why you don't get like a million times increase in your, in your latency when you throw a million tokens into Gemini. Like people have figured out tricks around it or it's just not that significant as a term, as a part of the overall compute. So there's a lot of challenges to this thing working.[00:22:43] swyx: It's really interesting how like, how hyped people are about this versus I don't know if it works. You know, it's exactly gonna, gonna work. And then there's also this, this idea of retention over long context. Like, even though you have context utilization, like, the amount of, the amount you can remember is interesting.[00:23:02] swyx: Because I've had people criticize both Mamba and RWKV because they're kind of, like, RNN ish in the sense that they have, like, a hidden memory and sort of limited hidden memory that they will forget things. So, for all these reasons, Gemini 1. 5, which we still haven't covered, is very interesting because Gemini magically has fixed all these problems with perfect haystack recall and reasonable latency and cost.[00:23:29] Wildcards: Text Diffusion, RALM/Retro[00:23:29] swyx: So that's super interesting. So the wildcard I put in here if you want to go to that. I put two actually. One is text diffusion. I think I'm still very influenced by my meeting with a mid journey person who said they were working on text diffusion. I think it would be a very, very different paradigm for, for text generation, reasoning, plan generation if we can get diffusion to work.[00:23:51] swyx: For text. And then the second one is Dowie Aquila's contextual AI, which is working on retrieval augmented language models, where it kind of puts RAG inside of the language model instead of outside.[00:24:02] Alessio: Yeah, there's a paper called Retro that covers some of this. I think that's an interesting thing. I think the The challenge, well not the challenge, what they need to figure out is like how do you keep the rag piece always up to date constantly, you know, I feel like the models, you put all this work into pre training them, but then at least you have a fixed artifact.[00:24:22] Alessio: These architectures are like constant work needs to be done on them and they can drift even just based on the rag data instead of the model itself. Yeah,[00:24:30] swyx: I was in a panel with one of the investors in contextual and the guy, the way that guy pitched it, I didn't agree with. He was like, this will solve hallucination.[00:24:38] Alessio: That's what everybody says. We solve[00:24:40] swyx: hallucination. I'm like, no, you reduce it. It cannot,[00:24:44] Alessio: if you solved it, the model wouldn't exist, right? It would just be plain text. It wouldn't be a generative model. Cool. So, author, architectures, then we got mixture of experts. I think we covered a lot of, a lot of times.[00:24:56] Direction 4: Mixture of Experts (DeepSeekMoE, Samba-1)[00:24:56] Alessio: Maybe any new interesting threads you want to go under here?[00:25:00] swyx: DeepSeq MOE, which was released in January. Everyone who is interested in MOEs should read that paper, because it's significant for two reasons. One three reasons. One, it had, it had small experts, like a lot more small experts. So, for some reason, everyone has settled on eight experts for GPT 4 for Mixtral, you know, that seems to be the favorite architecture, but these guys pushed it to 64 experts, and each of them smaller than the other.[00:25:26] swyx: But then they also had the second idea, which is that it is They had two, one to two always on experts for common knowledge and that's like a very compelling concept that you would not route to all the experts all the time and make them, you know, switch to everything. You would have some always on experts.[00:25:41] swyx: I think that's interesting on both the inference side and the training side for for memory retention. And yeah, they, they, they, the, the, the, the results that they published, which actually excluded, Mixed draw, which is interesting. The results that they published showed a significant performance jump versus all the other sort of open source models at the same parameter count.[00:26:01] swyx: So like this may be a better way to do MOEs that are, that is about to get picked up. And so that, that is interesting for the third reason, which is this is the first time a new idea from China. has infiltrated the West. It's usually the other way around. I probably overspoke there. There's probably lots more ideas that I'm not aware of.[00:26:18] swyx: Maybe in the embedding space. But the I think DCM we, like, woke people up and said, like, hey, DeepSeek, this, like, weird lab that is attached to a Chinese hedge fund is somehow, you know, doing groundbreaking research on MOEs. So, so, I classified this as a medium potential because I think that it is a sort of like a one off benefit.[00:26:37] swyx: You can Add to any, any base model to like make the MOE version of it, you get a bump and then that's it. So, yeah,[00:26:45] Alessio: I saw Samba Nova, which is like another inference company. They released this MOE model called Samba 1, which is like a 1 trillion parameters. But they're actually MOE auto open source models.[00:26:56] Alessio: So it's like, they just, they just clustered them all together. So I think people. Sometimes I think MOE is like you just train a bunch of small models or like smaller models and put them together. But there's also people just taking, you know, Mistral plus Clip plus, you know, Deepcoder and like put them all together.[00:27:15] Alessio: And then you have a MOE model. I don't know. I haven't tried the model, so I don't know how good it is. But it seems interesting that you can then have people working separately on state of the art, you know, Clip, state of the art text generation. And then you have a MOE architecture that brings them all together.[00:27:31] swyx: I'm thrown off by your addition of the word clip in there. Is that what? Yeah, that's[00:27:35] Alessio: what they said. Yeah, yeah. Okay. That's what they I just saw it yesterday. I was also like[00:27:40] swyx: scratching my head. And they did not use the word adapter. No. Because usually what people mean when they say, Oh, I add clip to a language model is adapter.[00:27:48] swyx: Let me look up the Which is what Lava did.[00:27:50] Alessio: The announcement again.[00:27:51] swyx: Stable diffusion. That's what they do. Yeah, it[00:27:54] Alessio: says among the models that are part of Samba 1 are Lama2, Mistral, DeepSigCoder, Falcon, Dplot, Clip, Lava. So they're just taking all these models and putting them in a MOE. Okay,[00:28:05] swyx: so a routing layer and then not jointly trained as much as a normal MOE would be.[00:28:12] swyx: Which is okay.[00:28:13] Alessio: That's all they say. There's no paper, you know, so it's like, I'm just reading the article, but I'm interested to see how[00:28:20] Wildcard: Model Merging (mergekit)[00:28:20] swyx: it works. Yeah, so so the wildcard for this section, the MOE section is model merges, which has also come up as, as a very interesting phenomenon. The last time I talked to Jeremy Howard at the Olama meetup we called it model grafting or model stacking.[00:28:35] swyx: But I think the, the, the term that people are liking these days, the model merging, They're all, there's all different variations of merging. Merge types, and some of them are stacking, some of them are, are grafting. And, and so like, some people are approaching model merging in the way that Samba is doing, which is like, okay, here are defined models, each of which have their specific, Plus and minuses, and we will merge them together in the hope that the, you know, the sum of the parts will, will be better than others.[00:28:58] swyx: And it seems like it seems like it's working. I don't really understand why it works apart from, like, I think it's a form of regularization. That if you merge weights together in like a smart strategy you, you, you get a, you get a, you get a less overfitting and more generalization, which is good for benchmarks, if you, if you're honest about your benchmarks.[00:29:16] swyx: So this is really interesting and good. But again, they're kind of limited in terms of like the amount of bumps you can get. But I think it's very interesting in the sense of how cheap it is. We talked about this on the Chinatalk podcast, like the guest podcast that we did with Chinatalk. And you can do this without GPUs, because it's just adding weights together, and dividing things, and doing like simple math, which is really interesting for the GPU ports.[00:29:42] Alessio: There's a lot of them.[00:29:44] Direction 5: Online LLMs (Gemini Pro, Exa)[00:29:44] Alessio: And just to wrap these up, online LLMs? Yeah,[00:29:48] swyx: I think that I ki I had to feature this because the, one of the top news of January was that Gemini Pro beat GPT-4 turbo on LM sis for the number two slot to GPT-4. And everyone was very surprised. Like, how does Gemini do that?[00:30:06] swyx: Surprise, surprise, they added Google search. Mm-hmm to the results. So it became an online quote unquote online LLM and not an offline LLM. Therefore, it's much better at answering recent questions, which people like. There's an emerging set of table stakes features after you pre train something.[00:30:21] swyx: So after you pre train something, you should have the chat tuned version of it, or the instruct tuned version of it, however you choose to call it. You should have the JSON and function calling version of it. Structured output, the term that you don't like. You should have the online version of it. These are all like table stakes variants, that you should do when you offer a base LLM, or you train a base LLM.[00:30:44] swyx: And I think online is just like, There, it's important. I think companies like Perplexity, and even Exa, formerly Metaphor, you know, are rising to offer that search needs. And it's kind of like, they're just necessary parts of a system. When you have RAG for internal knowledge, and then you have, you know, Online search for external knowledge, like things that you don't know yet?[00:31:06] swyx: Mm-Hmm. . And it seems like it's, it's one of many tools. I feel like I may be underestimating this, but I'm just gonna put it out there that I, I think it has some, some potential. One of the evidence points that it doesn't actually matter that much is that Perplexity has a, has had online LMS for three months now and it performs, doesn't perform great.[00:31:25] swyx: Mm-Hmm. on, on lms, it's like number 30 or something. So it's like, okay. You know, like. It's, it's, it helps, but it doesn't give you a giant, giant boost. I[00:31:34] Alessio: feel like a lot of stuff I do with LLMs doesn't need to be online. So I'm always wondering, again, going back to like state of the art, right? It's like state of the art for who and for what.[00:31:45] Alessio: It's really, I think online LLMs are going to be, State of the art for, you know, news related activity that you need to do. Like, you're like, you know, social media, right? It's like, you want to have all the latest stuff, but coding, science,[00:32:01] swyx: Yeah, but I think. Sometimes you don't know what is news, what is news affecting.[00:32:07] swyx: Like, the decision to use an offline LLM is already a decision that you might not be consciously making that might affect your results. Like, what if, like, just putting things on, being connected online means that you get to invalidate your knowledge. And when you're just using offline LLM, like it's never invalidated.[00:32:27] swyx: I[00:32:28] Alessio: agree, but I think going back to your point of like the standing the test of time, I think sometimes you can get swayed by the online stuff, which is like, hey, you ask a question about, yeah, maybe AI research direction, you know, and it's like, all the recent news are about this thing. So the LLM like focus on answering, bring it up, you know, these things.[00:32:50] swyx: Yeah, so yeah, I think, I think it's interesting, but I don't know if I can, I bet heavily on this.[00:32:56] Alessio: Cool. Was there one that you forgot to put, or, or like a, a new direction? Yeah,[00:33:01] swyx: so, so this brings us into sort of February. ish.[00:33:05] OpenAI Sora and why everyone underestimated videogen[00:33:05] swyx: So like I published this in like 15 came with Sora. And so like the one thing I did not mention here was anything about multimodality.[00:33:16] swyx: Right. And I have chronically underweighted this. I always wrestle. And, and my cop out is that I focused this piece or this research direction piece on LLMs because LLMs are the source of like AGI, quote unquote AGI. Everything else is kind of like. You know, related to that, like, generative, like, just because I can generate better images or generate better videos, it feels like it's not on the critical path to AGI, which is something that Nat Friedman also observed, like, the day before Sora, which is kind of interesting.[00:33:49] swyx: And so I was just kind of like trying to focus on like what is going to get us like superhuman reasoning that we can rely on to build agents that automate our lives and blah, blah, blah, you know, give us this utopian future. But I do think that I, everybody underestimated the, the sheer importance and cultural human impact of Sora.[00:34:10] swyx: And you know, really actually good text to video. Yeah. Yeah.[00:34:14] Alessio: And I saw Jim Fan at a, at a very good tweet about why it's so impressive. And I think when you have somebody leading the embodied research at NVIDIA and he said that something is impressive, you should probably listen. So yeah, there's basically like, I think you, you mentioned like impacting the world, you know, that we live in.[00:34:33] Alessio: I think that's kind of like the key, right? It's like the LLMs don't have, a world model and Jan Lekon. He can come on the podcast and talk all about what he thinks of that. But I think SORA was like the first time where people like, Oh, okay, you're not statically putting pixels of water on the screen, which you can kind of like, you know, project without understanding the physics of it.[00:34:57] Alessio: Now you're like, you have to understand how the water splashes when you have things. And even if you just learned it by watching video and not by actually studying the physics, You still know it, you know, so I, I think that's like a direction that yeah, before you didn't have, but now you can do things that you couldn't before, both in terms of generating, I think it always starts with generating, right?[00:35:19] Alessio: But like the interesting part is like understanding it. You know, it's like if you gave it, you know, there's the video of like the, the ship in the water that they generated with SORA, like if you gave it the video back and now it could tell you why the ship is like too rocky or like it could tell you why the ship is sinking, then that's like, you know, AGI for like all your rig deployments and like all this stuff, you know, so, but there's none, there's none of that yet, so.[00:35:44] Alessio: Hopefully they announce it and talk more about it. Maybe a Dev Day this year, who knows.[00:35:49] swyx: Yeah who knows, who knows. I'm talking with them about Dev Day as well. So I would say, like, the phrasing that Jim used, which resonated with me, he kind of called it a data driven world model. I somewhat agree with that.[00:36:04] Does Sora have a World Model? Yann LeCun vs Jim Fan[00:36:04] swyx: I am on more of a Yann LeCun side than I am on Jim's side, in the sense that I think that is the vision or the hope that these things can build world models. But you know, clearly even at the current SORA size, they don't have the idea of, you know, They don't have strong consistency yet. They have very good consistency, but fingers and arms and legs will appear and disappear and chairs will appear and disappear.[00:36:31] swyx: That definitely breaks physics. And it also makes me think about how we do deep learning versus world models in the sense of You know, in classic machine learning, when you have too many parameters, you will overfit, and actually that fails, that like, does not match reality, and therefore fails to generalize well.[00:36:50] swyx: And like, what scale of data do we need in order to world, learn world models from video? A lot. Yeah. So, so I, I And cautious about taking this interpretation too literally, obviously, you know, like, I get what he's going for, and he's like, obviously partially right, obviously, like, transformers and, and, you know, these, like, these sort of these, these neural networks are universal function approximators, theoretically could figure out world models, it's just like, how good are they, and how tolerant are we of hallucinations, we're not very tolerant, like, yeah, so It's, it's, it's gonna prior, it's gonna bias us for creating like very convincing things, but then not create like the, the, the useful role models that we want.[00:37:37] swyx: At the same time, what you just said, I think made me reflect a little bit like we just got done saying how important synthetic data is for Mm-Hmm. for training lms. And so like, if this is a way of, of synthetic, you know, vi video data for improving our video understanding. Then sure, by all means. Which we actually know, like, GPT 4, Vision, and Dolly were trained, kind of, co trained together.[00:38:02] swyx: And so, like, maybe this is on the critical path, and I just don't fully see the full picture yet.[00:38:08] Alessio: Yeah, I don't know. I think there's a lot of interesting stuff. It's like, imagine you go back, you have Sora, you go back in time, and Newton didn't figure out gravity yet. Would Sora help you figure it out?[00:38:21] Alessio: Because you start saying, okay, a man standing under a tree with, like, Apples falling, and it's like, oh, they're always falling at the same speed in the video. Why is that? I feel like sometimes these engines can like pick up things, like humans have a lot of intuition, but if you ask the average person, like the physics of like a fluid in a boat, they couldn't be able to tell you the physics, but they can like observe it, but humans can only observe this much, you know, versus like now you have these models to observe everything and then They generalize these things and maybe we can learn new things through the generalization that they pick up.[00:38:55] swyx: But again, And it might be more observant than us in some respects. In some ways we can scale it up a lot more than the number of physicists that we have available at Newton's time. So like, yeah, absolutely possible. That, that this can discover new science. I think we have a lot of work to do to formalize the science.[00:39:11] swyx: And then, I, I think the last part is you know, How much, how much do we cheat by gen, by generating data from Unreal Engine 5? Mm hmm. which is what a lot of people are speculating with very, very limited evidence that OpenAI did that. The strongest evidence that I saw was someone who works a lot with Unreal Engine 5 looking at the side characters in the videos and noticing that they all adopt Unreal Engine defaults.[00:39:37] swyx: of like, walking speed, and like, character choice, like, character creation choice. And I was like, okay, like, that's actually pretty convincing that they actually use Unreal Engine to bootstrap some synthetic data for this training set. Yeah,[00:39:52] Alessio: could very well be.[00:39:54] swyx: Because then you get the labels and the training side by side.[00:39:58] swyx: One thing that came up on the last day of February, which I should also mention, is EMO coming out of Alibaba, which is also a sort of like video generation and space time transformer that also involves probably a lot of synthetic data as well. And so like, this is of a kind in the sense of like, oh, like, you know, really good generative video is here and It is not just like the one, two second clips that we saw from like other, other people and like, you know, Pika and all the other Runway are, are, are, you know, run Cristobal Valenzuela from Runway was like game on which like, okay, but like, let's see your response because we've heard a lot about Gen 1 and 2, but like, it's nothing on this level of Sora So it remains to be seen how we can actually apply this, but I do think that the creative industry should start preparing.[00:40:50] swyx: I think the Sora technical blog post from OpenAI was really good.. It was like a request for startups. It was so good in like spelling out. Here are the individual industries that this can impact.[00:41:00] swyx: And anyone who, anyone who's like interested in generative video should look at that. But also be mindful that probably when OpenAI releases a Soa API, right? The you, the in these ways you can interact with it are very limited. Just like the ways you can interact with Dahlia very limited and someone is gonna have to make open SOA to[00:41:19] swyx: Mm-Hmm to, to, for you to create comfy UI pipelines.[00:41:24] Alessio: The stability folks said they wanna build an open. For a competitor, but yeah, stability. Their demo video, their demo video was like so underwhelming. It was just like two people sitting on the beach[00:41:34] swyx: standing. Well, they don't have it yet, right? Yeah, yeah.[00:41:36] swyx: I mean, they just wanna train it. Everybody wants to, right? Yeah. I, I think what is confusing a lot of people about stability is like they're, they're, they're pushing a lot of things in stable codes, stable l and stable video diffusion. But like, how much money do they have left? How many people do they have left?[00:41:51] swyx: Yeah. I have had like a really, Ima Imad spent two hours with me. Reassuring me things are great. And, and I'm like, I, I do, like, I do believe that they have really, really quality people. But it's just like, I, I also have a lot of very smart people on the other side telling me, like, Hey man, like, you know, don't don't put too much faith in this, in this thing.[00:42:11] swyx: So I don't know who to believe. Yeah.[00:42:14] Alessio: It's hard. Let's see. What else? We got a lot more stuff. I don't know if we can. Yeah, Groq.[00:42:19] Groq Math[00:42:19] Alessio: We can[00:42:19] swyx: do a bit of Groq prep. We're, we're about to go to talk to Dylan Patel. Maybe, maybe it's the audio in here. I don't know. It depends what, what we get up to later. What, how, what do you as an investor think about Groq? Yeah. Yeah, well, actually, can you recap, like, why is Groq interesting? So,[00:42:33] Alessio: Jonathan Ross, who's the founder of Groq, he's the person that created the TPU at Google. It's actually, it was one of his, like, 20 percent projects. It's like, he was just on the side, dooby doo, created the TPU.[00:42:46] Alessio: But yeah, basically, Groq, they had this demo that went viral, where they were running Mistral at, like, 500 tokens a second, which is like, Fastest at anything that you have out there. The question, you know, it's all like, The memes were like, is NVIDIA dead? Like, people don't need H100s anymore. I think there's a lot of money that goes into building what GRUK has built as far as the hardware goes.[00:43:11] Alessio: We're gonna, we're gonna put some of the notes from, from Dylan in here, but Basically the cost of the Groq system is like 30 times the cost of, of H100 equivalent. So, so[00:43:23] swyx: let me, I put some numbers because me and Dylan were like, I think the two people actually tried to do Groq math. Spreadsheet doors.[00:43:30] swyx: Spreadsheet doors. So, one that's, okay, oh boy so, so, equivalent H100 for Lama 2 is 300, 000. For a system of 8 cards. And for Groq it's 2. 3 million. Because you have to buy 576 Groq cards. So yeah, that, that just gives people an idea. So like if you deprecate both over a five year lifespan, per year you're deprecating 460K for Groq, and 60K a year for H100.[00:43:59] swyx: So like, Groqs are just way more expensive per model that you're, that you're hosting. But then, you make it up in terms of volume. So I don't know if you want to[00:44:08] Alessio: cover that. I think one of the promises of Groq is like super high parallel inference on the same thing. So you're basically saying, okay, I'm putting on this upfront investment on the hardware, but then I get much better scaling once I have it installed.[00:44:24] Alessio: I think the big question is how much can you sustain the parallelism? You know, like if you get, if you're going to get 100% Utilization rate at all times on Groq, like, it's just much better, you know, because like at the end of the day, the tokens per second costs that you're getting is better than with the H100s, but if you get to like 50 percent utilization rate, you will be much better off running on NVIDIA.[00:44:49] Alessio: And if you look at most companies out there, who really gets 100 percent utilization rate? Probably open AI at peak times, but that's probably it. But yeah, curious to see more. I saw Jonathan was just at the Web Summit in Dubai, in Qatar. He just gave a talk there yesterday. That I haven't listened to yet.[00:45:09] Alessio: I, I tweeted that he should come on the pod. He liked it. And then rock followed me on Twitter. I don't know if that means that they're interested, but[00:45:16] swyx: hopefully rock social media person is just very friendly. They, yeah. Hopefully[00:45:20] Alessio: we can get them. Yeah, we, we gonna get him. We[00:45:22] swyx: just call him out and, and so basically the, the key question is like, how sustainable is this and how much.[00:45:27] swyx: This is a loss leader the entire Groq management team has been on Twitter and Hacker News saying they are very, very comfortable with the pricing of 0. 27 per million tokens. This is the lowest that anyone has offered tokens as far as Mixtral or Lama2. This matches deep infra and, you know, I think, I think that's, that's, that's about it in terms of that, that, that low.[00:45:47] swyx: And we think the pro the break even for H100s is 50 cents. At a, at a normal utilization rate. To make this work, so in my spreadsheet I made this, made this work. You have to have like a parallelism of 500 requests all simultaneously. And you have, you have model bandwidth utilization of 80%.[00:46:06] swyx: Which is way high. I just gave them high marks for everything. Groq has two fundamental tech innovations that they hinge their hats on in terms of like, why we are better than everyone. You know, even though, like, it remains to be independently replicated. But one you know, they have this sort of the entire model on the chip idea, which is like, Okay, get rid of HBM.[00:46:30] swyx: And, like, put everything in SREM. Like, okay, fine, but then you need a lot of cards and whatever. And that's all okay. And so, like, because you don't have to transfer between memory, then you just save on that time and that's why they're faster. So, a lot of people buy that as, like, that's the reason that you're faster.[00:46:45] swyx: Then they have, like, some kind of crazy compiler, or, like, Speculative routing magic using compilers that they also attribute towards their higher utilization. So I give them 80 percent for that. And so that all that works out to like, okay, base costs, I think you can get down to like, maybe like 20 something cents per million tokens.[00:47:04] swyx: And therefore you actually are fine if you have that kind of utilization. But it's like, I have to make a lot of fearful assumptions for this to work.[00:47:12] Alessio: Yeah. Yeah, I'm curious to see what Dylan says later.[00:47:16] swyx: So he was like completely opposite of me. He's like, they're just burning money. Which is great.[00:47:22] Analyzing Gemini's 1m Context, Reddit deal, Imagegen politics, Gemma via the Four Wars[00:47:22] Alessio: Gemini, want to do a quick run through since this touches on all the four words.[00:47:28] swyx: Yeah, and I think this is the mark of a useful framework, that when a new thing comes along, you can break it down in terms of the four words and sort of slot it in or analyze it in those four frameworks, and have nothing left.[00:47:41] swyx: So it's a MECE categorization. MECE is Mutually Exclusive and Collectively Exhaustive. And that's a really, really nice way to think about taxonomies and to create mental frameworks. So, what is Gemini 1. 5 Pro? It is the newest model that came out one week after Gemini 1. 0. Which is very interesting.[00:48:01] swyx: They have not really commented on why. They released this the headline feature is that it has a 1 million token context window that is multi modal which means that you can put all sorts of video and audio And PDFs natively in there alongside of text and, you know, it's, it's at least 10 times longer than anything that OpenAI offers which is interesting.[00:48:20] swyx: So it's great for prototyping and it has interesting discussions on whether it kills RAG.[00:48:25] Alessio: Yeah, no, I mean, we always talk about, you know, Long context is good, but you're getting charged per token. So, yeah, people love for you to use more tokens in the context. And RAG is better economics. But I think it all comes down to like how the price curves change, right?[00:48:42] Alessio: I think if anything, RAG's complexity goes up and up the more you use it, you know, because you have more data sources, more things you want to put in there. The token costs should go down over time, you know, if the model stays fixed. If people are happy with the model today. In two years, three years, it's just gonna cost a lot less, you know?[00:49:02] Alessio: So now it's like, why would I use RAG and like go through all of that? It's interesting. I think RAG is better cutting edge economics for LLMs. I think large context will be better long tail economics when you factor in the build cost of like managing a RAG pipeline. But yeah, the recall was like the most interesting thing because we've seen the, you know, You know, in the haystack things in the past, but apparently they have 100 percent recall on anything across the context window.[00:49:28] Alessio: At least they say nobody has used it. No, people[00:49:30] swyx: have. Yeah so as far as, so, so what this needle in a haystack thing for people who aren't following as closely as us is that someone, I forget his name now someone created this needle in a haystack problem where you feed in a whole bunch of generated junk not junk, but just like, Generate a data and ask it to specifically retrieve something in that data, like one line in like a hundred thousand lines where it like has a specific fact and if it, if you get it, you're, you're good.[00:49:57] swyx: And then he moves the needle around, like, you know, does it, does, does your ability to retrieve that vary if I put it at the start versus put it in the middle, put it at the end? And then you generate this like really nice chart. That, that kind of shows like it's recallability of a model. And he did that for GPT and, and Anthropic and showed that Anthropic did really, really poorly.[00:50:15] swyx: And then Anthropic came back and said it was a skill issue, just add this like four, four magic words, and then, then it's magically all fixed. And obviously everybody laughed at that. But what Gemini came out with was, was that, yeah, we, we reproduced their, you know, haystack issue you know, test for Gemini, and it's good across all, all languages.[00:50:30] swyx: All the one million token window, which is very interesting because usually for typical context extension methods like rope or yarn or, you know, anything like that, or alibi, it's lossy like by design it's lossy, usually for conversations that's fine because we are lossy when we talk to people but for superhuman intelligence, perfect memory across Very, very long context.[00:50:51] swyx: It's very, very interesting for picking things up. And so the people who have been given the beta test for Gemini have been testing this. So what you do is you upload, let's say, all of Harry Potter and you change one fact in one sentence, somewhere in there, and you ask it to pick it up, and it does. So this is legit.[00:51:08] swyx: We don't super know how, because this is, like, because it doesn't, yes, it's slow to inference, but it's not slow enough that it's, like, running. Five different systems in the background without telling you. Right. So it's something, it's something interesting that they haven't fully disclosed yet. The open source community has centered on this ring attention paper, which is created by your friend Matei Zaharia, and a couple other people.[00:51:36] swyx: And it's a form of distributing the compute. I don't super understand, like, why, you know, doing, calculating, like, the fee for networking and attention. In block wise fashion and distributing it makes it so good at recall. I don't think they have any answer to that. The only thing that Ring of Tension is really focused on is basically infinite context.[00:51:59] swyx: They said it was good for like 10 to 100 million tokens. Which is, it's just great. So yeah, using the four wars framework, what is this framework for Gemini? One is the sort of RAG and Ops war. Here we care less about RAG now, yes. Or, we still care as much about RAG, but like, now it's it's not important in prototyping.[00:52:21] swyx: And then, for data war I guess this is just part of the overall training dataset, but Google made a 60 million deal with Reddit and presumably they have deals with other companies. For the multi modality war, we can talk about the image generation, Crisis, or the fact that Gemini also has image generation, which we'll talk about in the next section.[00:52:42] swyx: But it also has video understanding, which is, I think, the top Gemini post came from our friend Simon Willison, who basically did a short video of him scanning over his bookshelf. And it would be able to convert that video into a JSON output of what's on that bookshelf. And I think that is very useful.[00:53:04] swyx: Actually ties into the conversation that we had with David Luan from Adept. In a sense of like, okay what if video was the main modality instead of text as the input? What if, what if everything was video in, because that's how we work. We, our eyes don't actually read, don't actually like get input, our brains don't get inputs as characters.[00:53:25] swyx: Our brains get the pixels shooting into our eyes, and then our vision system takes over first, and then we sort of mentally translate that into text later. And so it's kind of like what Adept is kind of doing, which is driving by vision model, instead of driving by raw text understanding of the DOM. And, and I, I, in that, that episode, which we haven't released I made the analogy to like self-driving by lidar versus self-driving by camera.[00:53:52] swyx: Mm-Hmm. , right? Like, it's like, I think it, what Gemini and any other super long context that model that is multimodal unlocks is what if you just drive everything by video. Which is[00:54:03] Alessio: cool. Yeah, and that's Joseph from Roboflow. It's like anything that can be seen can be programmable with these models.[00:54:12] Alessio: You mean[00:54:12] swyx: the computer vision guy is bullish on computer vision?[00:54:18] Alessio: It's like the rag people. The rag people are bullish on rag and not a lot of context. I'm very surprised. The, the fine tuning people love fine tuning instead of few shot. Yeah. Yeah. The, yeah, the, that's that. Yeah, the, I, I think the ring attention thing, and it's how they did it, we don't know. And then they released the Gemma models, which are like a 2 billion and 7 billion open.[00:54:41] Alessio: Models, which people said are not, are not good based on my Twitter experience, which are the, the GPU poor crumbs. It's like, Hey, we did all this work for us because we're GPU rich and we're just going to run this whole thing. And

Suomi on nyt Naton natoin Nato-maa. Näin tiivistää kuluneen vuoden Yhdysvaltain-kirjeenvaihtaja Iida Tikka. Suomi on sotilasliiton jäsen ja mallioppilas, joka haluaa tehdä kaiken oikein. Sotapuhe on vallannut arjen ja uutiset, mutta onko siinä järkeä? Muun muassa tästä keskustelevat Iidan lisäksi Venäjä-tuntija, toimittaja Erkka Mikkonen ja Helsingin Sanomien Berliinin-kirjeenvaihtaja Suvi Turtiainen, joka palaa podcastiin joulun kunniaksi. Kolmikko vastaa kuuntelijoiden kysymyksiin kuluneesta vuodesta ja ennustaa tulevaa. Ensi vuosi on täynnä vaaleja, jotka osaltaan ratkaisevat, mihin suuntaan maailma kääntyy. Iida saa vastata Yhdysvaltain vaalivuoden kuumimpaan kysymykseen: miksi Donald Trumpille ja Joe Bidenille ei ole vaihtoehtoja presidenttikisassa? Jenny vaatii myös hyviä uutisia. Suvi on ollut töistä tauolla ja tutustunut omaan ihmisyyteensä, Iida uskoo puuhasteluun ja Erkalla on loistavaa kerrottavaa podcastien ystäville. Mistä maailma puhuu -podcast vaatii entistä parempia maailmanselityksiä joka toinen torstai.

Valitsijayhdistyksen presidenttiehdokas Mika Aaltola (sit.) ajaisi presidenttinä Suomea kasvattamaan voimakkaasti puolustusbudjettiaan sekä voimistamaan omaa ase- ja ammustuotantoa. Aaltolan mukaan Naton vaatima puolustusbudjetin minimitaso kaksi prosenttia bruttokansantuotteesta ei Suomelle Venäjän rajanaapurina riitä. – Ehdottomasti yli kolmeen prosenttiin. Puola on neljässä ja Puolassa ajatellaan tämä asia aikalailla oikein, sanoo Aaltola Politiikkaradion presidenttitentissä. Aaltola kasvattaisi puolustusbudjettia valtion velasta huolimatta. – On helpompi maksaa asioista euroissa kun sitten vuosikymmenen päässä ruumissäkeissä. Jokainen varmaan ymmärtää sen, että sota ei ole leikin asia ja se itse sotiminen maksaa paljon enemmän kuin sen ennaltaehkäiseminen. Aaltola uskoo varustautumisen ja sotatalouden olevan myös piristysruiske Suomen taloudelle. – Aseet ja ammukset menevät Euroopassa tällä hetkellä hyvinkin kaupaksi. (Ase)varastoja ei kannata tyhjentää, niitä kannattaa täyttää. Miksi Mika Aaltola pitää Venäjän presidentin Vladimir Putinin puheita puhtaana roskana? Näkeekö Aaltola, että sodan uhka olisi leviämässä myös Nato-maihin ja Suomeen? Mitä Aaltola tarkoittaa vaatiessaan Suomelle sukupolvitehtäväksi laittaa “ruista ranteeseen”? Toimittajana on Tapio Pajunen.

Kokoomuksen presidenttiehdokas Alexander Stubb uskoo, että Donald Trumpin uusi presidenttikausi ei olisi riski Suomen puolustukselle, vaikka uudesta valtaannoususta on kannettu huolta. Amerikka-mieliseksi julistautuneelta Stubbilta kysytään Politiikkaradion presidenttitentissä, tulisiko Suomesta hänen presidenttikaudellaan Naton kiltti oppilas. Olisiko Suomi valmis tekemään kaiken mitä Yhdysvallat pyytää? Stubbin pääministeriajasta on pian kymmenen vuotta. Hän johti epäonnistuneeksi moittua hallitusta ja hänet syrjäytettiin kokoomusjohtajan paikalta. Stubb sanoi sen jälkeen, että kotimaan politiikka oli hänen osaltaan nähty. Miksi hän haluaa takaisin? Stubb muistetaan joistakin harkitsemattomista heitoista, kuten triathlonkisasta tviittaamisesta, samoihin aikoihin kun Ukrainassa oli ammuttu alas matkustajakone. Olisiko vastaaviin presidenttinä varaa? Entä miten Stubb toimisi, jos tuhannet ihmiset tulisivat luvatta Venäjältä Suomeen metsien kautta? Venäjä-tutkijan tuoreen arvion mukaan Ukraina voi hävitä sodan Venäjää vastaan. Mitä Stubb tekisi presidenttinä, jos niin käy? Toimittajana on Antti Pilke.

As I am travelling this week there is no time for editing, so thought to take us back to a popular show with Noomi Naton.  Back on Sunday with a shortcast.  Our conversation is about discovering inner power but as with all stories, the journey is never a straight line. On the show, you will discover the power of changing chairs and a helpful question “ How can I be more of me and have a greater impact.” Noomi Natan was born in Copenhagen, at nineteen, most of her friends were travelling. In Denmark, it is common to take a generous gap year before completing a university education.  She was working at a temporary job in advertising and wondered if she could live and work in London. She could and found a job in a sound studio, before hopping across the pond for a 3-month internship in the US Congress. All of that experience led her back to Copenhagen to complete a degree in journalism, although she had no intention of being a journalist. Education over she returned to London and secures a great job in commercial conference production for the mobile games industry, which was booming. She was crazy successful for a while, with money and lifestyle. That was until the pressure, overwork, and perfectionism eroded her ability to function. She was miserable much of the time and cried in the toilet.   The crunch came when she was asked to run a project she did not want. She had to work US hours from a London office and struggled without support. At this point, a coach friend said to her, “ you know you could speak to a doctor and get signed off from work?” That was the beginning of moving out of the mobile industry. Our conversation explores coaching and how that fits with the path towards a good life. We look at success and why it can be a difficult journey, contribution and, of course, the big question, what is it all for?  Finding her Inner Power Noomi describes herself as a recovered perfectionist and a practical idealist who dreams of a world, which is safe for everyone.  What a lovely idea. As you will hear on the show, she took her first coaching call 15 years ago and was instantly hooked. Since then, she has developed her process and specialises in deeply transformational work and helping clients in a wide range of industries, from the owners of micro-businesses to CEOs of prominent household names.     Further details about this podcast along with my Guest's website and social links are all available at: https://www.lifepassionandbusiness.com/noomi-natan-inner-power     Life Passion & Business is dedicated to exploring what it takes to be Extraordinary, to face challenges and rejoice in the opportunities they bring, and expand our vision into new ways of thinking and living. There is a lot to gain from listening to other people's stories, however, the real work begins by taking action in your own life. For full details of Events, Resources and Services visit: www.lifepassionandbusiness.com     Support For Podcasters: Running a podcast is fun, but it takes time and dedication. Whenever you enjoy a podcast please share your appreciation with comments, likes, shares and reviews. It helps other listeners find good content and supports the content creators and their guests. Another way you can support the Life Passion & Business podcast is with small donations: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/lifeandpassion

Ruotsi on joutunut islamistiterroristien silmätikuksi maassa tehtyjen useiden Koraanin polttamisten vuoksi. Ruotsi onkin nostanut terroriuhkatasoaan korkeimmilleen vuosikausiin. Ohjelmassa haastateltava terrorisimitutkija Magnus Ranstorp pitää Ruotsin turvallisuustilannetta vaikeimpana koko monikymmenvuotisella urallaan. Asiantuntijoiden mukaan Koraanin polttamisilla halutaan vaikuttaa myös Ruotsin Nato-prosessiin. Ohjelmassa pohditaan, miltä näyttävät Ruotsin turvallisuustilanne ja Nato-tie Koraanin polttamistempausten keskellä. Lisäksi kuullaan, miten Tanska yrittää ratkaista Koraanin polttamisongelman. Ohjelman ovat toimittaneet Pirjo Auvinen, Karoliina Kantola ja Paula Vilén. Äänitarkkailijana on Laura Koso. Kuva: Tuuli Laukkanen / Yle

Lapsityövoimaa, kiellettyjä kirjoja, naisten oikeuksien tallomista. Kuka uskoisi, että nyt puhutaan Yhdysvalloista! Eikö maan pitäisi olla vapaan maailman johtotähti? Jenny pohtii, mitä ihmettä tapahtuu uutispaitsioon jääneessä suurvallassa, ja soittaa kirjeenvaihtaja Iida Tikalle. Iida haluaa avautua lasten synkästä tulevaisuudesta ja presidentti Joe Bidenin epäonnistumisista. Maa peruuttaa, hän sanoo. Parhaillaan Iida on Miamissa seuraamassa entisen presidentin Donald Trumpin oikeudenkäyntiä. Paikalla on sata muuta toimittajaa ja huomattava joukko Trumpin tukijoita. Tilanne kuvaa hyvin sitä, miksi Yhdysvallat on jumissa. Republikaanien kannattajista suurin osa rakastaa entistä presidenttiä syytteistä huolimatta, demokraattien päähuomio on Trumpin vastustamisessa. Samalla maan demokratia rapistuu ja yksilöiden vapaudet kaventuvat. Kouluista poistetaan orjuutta käsitteleviä kirjoja, lapsille ei saa kaikkialla puhua homoudesta ja abortin saamista vaikeutetaan. Usein taustalla häärää Trumpin haastaja Floridan kuvernööri Ron DeSantis. Voiko hänestä tulla seuraava presidentti? Yhdysvaltain kehitys saa Iidan muistelemaan viimeisiä vuosiaan Venäjällä, ja Jennyn puhumaan Kiinan sensuurista. Samaan aikaan Eurooppa nojaa yhä Yhdysvaltoihin Venäjän uhan ja Naton vuoksi. Onko tässä enää mitään järkeä? Mistä maailma puhuu -podcast vaatii entistä parempia maailmanselityksiä joka toinen torstai.

Suoraa puhetta johtaa Olli Seuri. Keskustelijoina ovat Hilkka Olkinuora, Pekka Seppänen ja Ruben Stiller. Ruben Stiller pohtii kansallista identiteettiä: Olemme nyt maa, joka on Naton sylissä. Mitä jännitteitä Natosta syntyy? Pekka Seppänen keskustelutta ritareita yhdestä puolueesta: Onnistuuko Sofia Virta kasvattamaan Vihreiden kannatusta? Hilkka Olkinuora haluaisi ahneuden sijaan kunnioitusta. Pula diabeteslääkkeestä saa Hilkan kysymään, missä kulkee ihmisen itsekkyyden raja.  Ensi viikolla kevätkauden viimeinen lähetys!

Suomi on ollut nyt kaksi kuukautta Naton täysjäsen. Kovin paljon Suomen Nato-politiikasta ei hallitusneuvottelujen vielä käynnissä ollessa tiedetä. Kantoja pitäisi asiantuntijoiden mukaan alkaa muodostaa Vilnan huippukokoukseen esimerkiksi Naton puolustussuunnitteluun sekä Ukrainan ja Naton suhteeseen. Ohjelmassa haastateltava Britannian Nato-suurlähettiläs odottaa Suomen tuovan puolustusliitolle merkittävää lisäarvoa vahvoine puolustusvoimineen. Lisäksi ohjelmassa kuullaan, mitä Ruotsissa nyt ajatellaan maan pitkittyneestä Nato-liittymisaikataulusta. Ohjelman toimittavat Pirjo Auvinen ja Paula Vilén. Äänitarkkailijana on Laura Koso. Kuva: Tuuli Laukkanen / Yle

Tekoäly mullistaa maailmaa kovaa vauhtia, ja arvioiden mukaan jopa satoja miljoonia töitä automatisoituu tekoälyn myötä. Ohjelmassa kysytään asiantuntijoilta, mikä rooli jää ihmiselle tekoälyn kehittyessä. Yhdysvalloissa tunnetun tekoälysovelluksen Chat GPT:n valmistajakin haluaa alalle säätelyä. Ohjelmassa kuullaan myös, miksi Italia määräsi Chat GPT -tekoälysovelluksen toviksi käyttökieltoon. Lisäksi Naton asiantuntija kertoo, miten Venäjä on käyttänyt tekoälyä hyökkäyssotansa aikana disinformaation tuottamiseen. Ohjelman toimittavat Johanna Juntunen, Jenna Vehviläinen ja Paula Vilén. Äänitarkkailijana on Pasi Ilkka. Kuva: Tuuli Laukkanen / Yle

4. huhtikuuta 2023 Suomesta tuli puolustusliitto Naton jäsen. Päivälleen 74 vuotta Naton perustamisen jälkeen. Pitkä tie länteen on kuljettu. Mikä on Nato-viikon päivänpolitiikan sana? Nato-Suomen ensimmäisenä aamuna pääministeri Sanna Marin (sd.) pudotti poliittisen pääsiäispommin: Marin vetäytyy SDP:n puheenjohtajan paikalta. Tasoittaako Marin tietä sinipunalle, vai pyrkiikö hän maailmalle? Ottaako SDP askeleen tannerilaiseen suuntaan? Suomen kielen dosentti Vesa Heikkinen ja Politiikkaradion toimittaja Tapio Pajunen analysoivat politiikan kielen ajankohtaisuuksia ja valitsevat päivänpolitiikan sanan. Voit ehdottaa päivänpolitiikan sanoja lomakkeella, tai Twitterissä @tapiopajunen ja @tosentti, tai sähköpostitse.

Olemmeko me Suomessa ymmärtäneet, mitä uhrauksia Nato-jäsenyys oikeastaan tarkoittaa? Tätä pohtii Nato-toimittaja Mika Hentunen, joka ennustaa Suomen pääsevän Natoon vielä tänä vuonna. Suomessa käytävä Nato-keskustelu on keskittynyt Turkin vikurointiin ja aikataulun arvailuun. Vähemmälle on jäänyt puhe siitä, mistä rahat kasvaviin puolustusmenoihin otetaan. Mika uskoo, että Naton rahanjano saattaa vielä yllättää suomalaiset. Edessä on tiukkaa väittelyä. Jenny pohtii, onko Nato rikki, kun se ei saa päätettyä edes omista asioistaan. Turkki horjuttaa jo Naton uskottavuutta, koska se ei ole ratifioinut Suomen ja Ruotsin jäsenyyttä. Muuttiko maanjäristys Turkin kantaa? Entä voiko jäsenmaata heittää ulos Natosta, jos se on kaikkien muiden kanssa eri mieltä? Mikan mukaan Turkin käytös ottaa monia jo avoimesti päähän. Silti Naton on vaikea tehdä mitään, koska se on luotu päättämään asioista yhdessä. Mistä maailma puhuu -podcast vaatii entistä parempia maailmanselityksiä joka toinen torstai.

On this week's episode of THE G PERSPECTIVE, GMike brings on Alfredo Gallart a.k.a Fredoe2k & Kevin Buval to talk about several topics: -The Miami Heat are not where they want to be in the Eastern Conference standings. We go over what they need to improve on and how to do it? -The Western Conference is very competitive from the first seed to the tenth seed. We go over who the favorites are, who the dark horses are, and who can come out for the West in the NBA Finals. PLEASE SUBSCRIBE AND LEAVE REVIEWS!!! --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/george-michael-perez/support

Viime viikonlopun aikana Suomessa käynnistyi hyvin erikoinen tapahtumasarja, jossa aika harmiton meemi muuntui esin epäilyksi vakavasta tietoturvaongelmasta valtioneuvostossa, ja sitten epäilyksi ministerin valehtelusta.Toimittajana Tuomas Peltomäki, vieraana Esa Mäkinen.Tämä podcast julkaistiin 14.2.2023.Lue lisää aiheesta:-> Moni asia ministeri Lintilän puhelintarinassa ei täsmää https://www.hs.fi/politiikka/art-2000009386791.html#hsvisio #hsvisiopodcast #kommentti Lisäksi podcastissa: -> Suomen kansallisesta turvallisuudesta arvio-> Naton puolustusminiterit liikenteessäLyhyt ilmoitus: HS Visio on talouteen, politiikkaan ja teknologiaan keskittyvä sivusto, jonka jutut ilmestyvät osana Helsingin Sanomien tilausta. Ne löytyvät HS:n sovelluksesta ja osoitteesta HS.fi. Jos sulla ei ole vielä HS:n tilausta, voit kokeilla sitä kaksi viikkoa osoitteesta hs.fi/parempaakuunneltavaa.HS Visio -podcast julkaistaan yleisimmissä podcast-palveluissa arkiaamuisin kello 5.30. Tilaa podcast mieleiseesi appiin näistä linkeistä:Supla: http://bit.ly/suplavisioSpotify: http://bit.ly/spotifyvisioApple: http://bit.ly/applepodcastvisioGoogle Podcasts: http://bit.ly/googlepodcastvisiosekä HS:n sovelluksesta Kuuntele, Podcastit.Vanhat jaksot löydät HS.fi:stä: http://bit.ly/visiopodcast.Tämän podcastin pääjuttu julkaistaan myös videomuotoisena:Youtube: http://bit.ly/youtubevisioInstagram: http://bit.ly/instagramvisioTwitter: http://bit.ly/twittervisioHS VISIO on Helsingin Sanomien julkaisema talouteen, politiikkaan ja ulkomaan uutisiin keskittyvä sivusto, joka ilmestyy joka päivä osoitteessa HS.fi ja Helsingin Sanomien välissä lauantaisin. Podcastin vastaava tuottaja on Tuomas Peltomäki. Lisätietoja HS Visiosta: https://www.hs.fi/visio.

Politiikkaradio lähestyy Natoa kahdesta eri suunnasta. Naton ympärillä on kuohunut, kun Turkki ilmoitti peruvansa toistaiseksi neuvottelut Suomen ja Ruotsin jäsenyydestä. Ulkoministeri Pekka Haavisto nostatti Ruotsissa kohun julkisella pohdinnallaan, että Suomi voi edetä Natoon yksinkin, mitä hän kuitenkin kiirehti pian pehmentämään. Muuttavatko uutiset käsitystä siitä millaiset mahdollisuudet Suomella ja Ruotsilla on päästä Naton jäseniksi? Mitä Natosta on jäljellä Turkin toiminnan jäljiltä? Natosta ja vallasta keskustelevat Helsingin yliopiston tutkijakollegiumin johtaja, kansainvälisen politiikan professori Tuomas Forsberg ja Ulkopoliittisen instituutin tutkija Henri Vanhanen. Viikon toinen uutinen on, että pääministerin kansliassa on aloitettu oma valmistautuminen Suomen Nato-jäsenyyteen. Pääministerin avuksi ollaan perustamassa kiireellä uutta turvallisuuspolitiikan huippuvirkaa ja tehtävää varten omaa yksikköä. Miten roolit käytännössä jakautuisivat Nato-Suomessa? Presidentti johtaa ulkopolitiikkaa, yhteistoiminnassa hallituksen kanssa, ja osallistuu sotilasliiton huippukokouksiin puolustusvoimain ylipäällikkönä. Sotkisiko uusi yksikkö päätöksentekoa vai toisiko se kaivattua koordinaatiota? Toimittajana on Antti Pilke.

Suomessa ja Ruotsissa odotetaan kiihkeästi, että maiden Nato-jäsenyys vahvistettaisiin myös Turkissa ja Unkarissa. Mutta voiko Nato-Suomi luottaa siihen, että muut jäsenvaltiot antavat sotilaallista apua, jos sitä todella tarvitaan? Mitä kaikkea Suomen pitää tehdä sen eteen, että yli 30:n valtion liitto varmasti puolustaa meitä? Millaisia uusia velvollisuuksia Suomelle lankeaa Naton jäsenenä? Kuinka Suomen armeijan arki muuttuu Nato-jäsenyyden myötä? Vieraina ovat politiikan tutkija Johanna Vuorelma ja Nordic West Officen toimitusjohtaja Risto E J Penttilä.

The highlights...er, lowlights...of Joe Biden's angry and often incoherent pre-election speech from Wednesday night. He didn't cover all the great things he and his party are doing for the country, but setting the stage to blame the upcoming loss on "MAGA Republicans." Remember: VOTE!! We have a country to save. Election Day is Tuesday, November 8th. Please share this episode!Connect with me:info@juliebarrett.usjuliebarrett.usJulie Barrett (@juliecbarrett) / TwitterJulie Barrett Womansplaining | FacebookSupport the show

Nato oli alun perin pelkkä USA:n Britannian ja Ranskan välinen paperi. Vuonna 1949 perustettu Pohjois-Atlantin puolustusliitto Nato syntyi vastaamaan Neuvostoliiton turvallisuusuhkaan. Mutta miksi vielä vuonna 1945 yhdessä aseveljinä taistelleiden liittoutuneriden keskinäiset välit kehittyivät näin nopeasti vastakkainasetteluksi ja vihollisuudeksi? Entä kuinka täpärällä Pohjois-Atlantin liiton hajoaminen on ollut sisäisiin riitoihin? Suomen päätös liittyä puolustusliittoon päätti lähes ikuiselta tuntuneen keskustelun Nato-optiosta. Minkälainen on ollut suomalaisen Nato-keskustelun historia ja minkälaisin äänenpainoin ja keinoin liittymistä on kannatettu ja vastustettu? Haastateltavina ovat poliittisen historian professori Juhana Aunesluoma sekä suomalaisesta Nato-keskustelusta väitöskirjan tehnyt tutkija Iro Särkkä Helsingin yliopistosta. Toimittajana on Ville Talola.

4TH HOUR OF THE G-BAG NATION  COWBOYS TWITTER TEXAS RANGER NATHANIEL LOWE JOINS THE NATION  COWBOYS INSIDER BOBBY BELT

3RD HOUR OF THE G-BAG NATION  GBAG NATION ASK US ANYTHING VOICE OF THE DALLAS MAVERICKS CHUCK COOPERSTEIN JOINS THE NATION  AROUND THE NFL 

Stéphane Bern et Matthieu Noël, entourés de leurs chroniqueurs historiquement drôles et parfaitement informés, s'amusent avec l'Histoire – la grande, la petite, la moyenne… - et retracent les destins extraordinaires de personnalités qui n'auraient jamais pu se croiser, pour deux heures où le savoir et l'humour avancent main dans la main. Aujourd'hui, Akhénaton.