Podcasts about Eusebius

In the library of a theological seminary, a researcher opens Eusebius's Church History and traces the bishops of Jerusalem - the mother church, the apostolic see of sees. He finds fifteen names spanning nearly two centuries. Marcus. Cassian. Publius. Maximus. Julian. Gaius. Symmachus. And eight more.No biographies. No letters. No sermons. No doctrines. No martyrdom accounts. Not a single quotation from their enemies. Fifteen bishops, two hundred years - and a perfect, surgical silence.Rome, Antioch, and Alexandria - churches that suffered the same persecutions - all preserved rich documentary traditions. Only Jerusalem is a vacuum. Not a damaged record. An erasure.This is Part 1 of "Sleight of Hand, Sleight of Scripture" - a documentary series from Pre-Nicene Perspective, hosted by Darren Kelama, based on the 2026 paper "The Myth of the Jerusalem Continuity" by Chancellor A.W. Mitchell (Journal of Pre-Nicene Christian Studies).In this episode, we walk the crime scene: Aelia Capitolina, the pagan colony Hadrian built on the rubble of Jerusalem in AD 135. Banned from the city on pain of death were not only Jews - but Jewish scriptures. Inside those walls, the only Christian canon that could legally exist was one without the Old Testament: the Evangelion and the Apostolikon. Hadrian, unwittingly, granted the unalloyed Pauline gospel a two-hundred-year sanctuary.And we meet the first ghost: Marcus, the first Gentile bishop of Aelia Capitolina, whom Mitchell identifies as the first Christian bishop in the Pauline sense - leader of a church whose Bible had no Torah, whose God was not Yahweh, whose throne was the mother church itself, and whose treasury held the accumulation of Paul's diaspora collection. ▶ PART 2 DROPS NEXT WEEK—————————⏱ CHAPTERS—————————0:00 — Cold Open: Fifteen Names, Fifteen Ghosts1:52 — The Question That Launched a 1,700-Year Cold Case2:20 — Welcome to Pre-Nicene Perspective (Series Intro)2:48 — Aelia Capitolina (AD 135)4:12 — Possessing the Septuagint Was a Capital Crime5:08 — The Only Christians Who Could Survive in Aelia6:04 — The Mitchell Thesis (2026 Paper)7:00 — Part III — The Red Herrings8:24 — Claim 1: "The Records Were Lost"9:48 — Claim 2: Irenaeus Never Quotes Them10:44 — Claim 3: "Jerusalem Was Always Yahwist"11:40 — Part IV — The Investigation Begins12:36 — The First Christian Bishop in the Pauline Sense13:04 — The Treasury of the Mother Church13:52 — The Apostolikon — Paul's War Report14:28 — Marcus Resolves to Act (Cliffhanger — Part 2 Next Week)—————————ACADEMIC SOURCES & FURTHER READING—————————

Was St. John the Apostle truly the author of the Fourth Gospel? Join Fr. Assisi Saldanha, C.Ss.R., in this compelling episode of Who's Who in the Bible as he uncovers the mystery behind the Evangelist.This session dives deep into the complexities of Johannine authorship, contrasting the testimonies of early church fathers like Irenaeus and Eusebius. Explore the structural layers of the Gospel, from the original ending in Chapter 20 to the later addition of Chapter 21, and discover the distinct roles of Peter and the Beloved Disciple. Through insightful analysis, Fr. Assisi illuminates how their unique testimonies invite us all to a deeper faith. Immerse yourself in this enlightening series to better understand the foundations of our faith today!

Saint Bartholomew was one of the Twelve Apostles, a Galilean; the Gospel accounts say little more about him. It is said that, after receiving the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, he traveled in the service of the Gospel to Arabia and Persia, and brought to India a translation of the Gospel according to Matthew. Eusebius writes that one hundred years later Pantaenus, an illustrious Alexandrian scholar, found this gospel when he traveled in India. By most accounts Bartholomew ended his life in Armenia, where he met his martyrdom by crucifixion. According to many, he and Nathaniel are the same person: the Gospel accounts that speak of Bartholomew do not mention Nathaniel; and St John's Gospel,which mentions Nathanael as one of the Twelve, does not mention Bartholomew. But according to the Greek Synaxarion, Bartholomew and Simon the Zealot are one and the same.   Saint Barnabas was one of the Seventy, from Cyprus, a Levite and at one time a fellow-student with St Paul under Gamaliel. After Christ's Ascension, he led the Seventy until the Apostle Paul's conversion. He is mentioned often in the Acts of the Apostles, which describes some of his travels as a companion of St Paul. By all accounts, he was the first to preach the Gospel of Christ in Rome and in Milan. His wonder-working relics were discovered on the island of Cyprus in the time of the Emperor Zeno; on this basis the Church of Cyprus was established as an independent Church, since it had an apostolic foundation.

If you enjoy this episode, we're sure you will enjoy more content like this on The Occult Rejects.  In fact, we have curated playlists on occult topics like grimoires, esoteric concepts and phenomena, occult history, analyzing true crime and cults with an occult lens, Para politics, and occultism in music. Whether you enjoy consuming your content visually or via audio, we've got you covered - and it will always be provided free of charge.  So, if you enjoy what we do and want to support our work of providing accessible, free content on various platforms, please consider making a donation to the links provided below.  Thank you and enjoy the episode!Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Cash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsBuy Me A Coffeebuymeacoffee.com/TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsPart 2 — Core Citations / BibliographySecondary Works and Reference SourcesEncyclopaedia Britannica. “Perpetua.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “The Passion of Saints Perpetua and Felicity.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Polycarp.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Christianity: Relations between Christianity and the Roman Government and the Hellenistic Culture.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Decius.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Diocletian.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Christianity: Catechesis: Instructing Candidates for Baptism.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Kerygma and Catechesis.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Exorcism.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Eucharist.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Early Christian Art.”Smarthistory. “Catacomb of Priscilla, Rome.”Vatican Museums. “Jonah Sarcophagus.”Yale News. “House Call: A New Study Rethinks Early Christian Landmark.”Yale News. “Yale Art Gallery Painting Might Be Oldest Known Image of the Virgin Mary.”Yale University Art Gallery. Materials on Dura-Europos and the Christian Building/Baptistery.Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Chi-Rho.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Paschal Controversies.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Melito of Sardis.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Christology: Early History.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Docetism.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Adoptionism.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Cerinthus.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Theodotus the Tanner.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “St. Ignatius of Antioch.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Apologist.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Saint Justin Martyr.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “First Apology.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Dialogue with Trypho.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Celsus.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Christianity: Apologetics: Defending the Faith.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Tertullian.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Athenagoras.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “First Letter of Clement.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “St. Cyprian.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Novatian.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Saint Irenaeus.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Christianity: Aversion of Heresy: The Establishment of Orthodoxy.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “The Process of Canonization.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Late 2nd-Century Canons.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Muratorian Fragment.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Biblical Canon.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Codex.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Christianity: Authority and Dissent.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Christianity: Relations between Christianity and Judaism.”Joshua Ezra Burns. “The Parting of the Ways in Contemporary Perspective.” In The Christian Schism in Jewish History and Jewish Memory. Cambridge University Press.Adam H. Becker and Annette Yoshiko Reed, eds. The Ways That Never Parted: Jews and Christians in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Fortress Press.Judith Lieu. Neither Jew nor Greek? Constructing Early Christianity. T&T Clark.Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Constantine I.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Arianism.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “First Council of Nicaea.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Saint Athanasius.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Festal Letters.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “First Council of Constantinople.”Primary Texts UsedThe Martyrdom of Polycarp. Used for the early literary shaping of martyrdom, witness, bishop-martyr memory, and the theological interpretation of death.The Passion of Saints Perpetua and Felicity. Used for imprisonment, trial, visions, martyrdom, and the rare preserved voice of a female Christian martyr.Apostolic Tradition, traditionally associated with Hippolytus. Used for baptismal preparation, catechumenal scrutiny, exorcism, fasting, vigil, renunciation, oil, and immersion.1 John 4. Used for the anti-docetic pressure around confessing Jesus Christ as having “come in the flesh.”Ignatius of Antioch. Letter to the Smyrnaeans. Used for Christ's real flesh, real suffering, Eucharistic theology, and bishop-centered unity.Ignatius of Antioch. Letter to the Philadelphians and related letters. Useful backup for episcopal unity, Eucharistic order, and anti-schismatic arguments.Melito of Sardis. On Pascha. Used for Paschal theology, Christ as Pascha, typology, and Christian interpretation of Passover.Justin Martyr. First Apology. Used for apologetics, public defense, accusations against Christians, Eucharistic misunderstanding, and Christian worship.Justin Martyr. Dialogue with Trypho. Used for Christian-Jewish polemic, scriptural inheritance, fulfillment arguments, and the hardening separation between Christianity and Judaism.Athenagoras. A Plea for the Christians / Embassy for the Christians. Used as a major example of second-century apologetics addressed to imperial authority.Athenagoras. On the Resurrection of the Dead. Used as a philosophical Christian defense of resurrection.Tertullian. Apology. Used for Latin apologetics, Christian defense against Roman accusation, and the combative posture toward pagan criticism.Tertullian. Prescription Against Heretics. Useful backup for rule of faith, public apostolic teaching, and anti-heretical boundary-making.Origen. Against Celsus. Used for Celsus' pagan critique and Origen's major intellectual defense of Christianity.Celsus. The True Word / True Doctrine. Survives mainly through Origen's quotations and refutations; used for educated pagan criticism of Christianity.First Letter of Clement. Used for early ministry order, Roman intervention in Corinth, appointed bishops and deacons, and the emerging logic of succession.Cyprian of Carthage. On the Unity of the Catholic Church. Used for episcopal unity, schism, discipline, and the theological seriousness of the bishop's office.Novatian. De Trinitate. Used as a witness to mid-third-century theological conflict and Roman Latin theology.Irenaeus. Against Heresies. Used for anti-gnostic consolidation, rule of truth, fourfold Gospel authority, apostolic succession, and public apostolic memory.Eusebius. Ecclesiastical History. Used for the Paschal controversy, Polycarp and Anicetus, Victor and Polycrates, Irenaeus' intervention, early church memory, and the broader historical framing.The Didachē. Used as part of the wider early Christian literary world that remained influential outside the final New Testament canon.Letter of Barnabas. Used for anti-Jewish polemic, allegorical reading of Hebrew Scripture, and Christian claims over Israel's inheritance.The Shepherd of Hermas. Used as an example of a beloved early Christian text that was widely read but later excluded from the New Testament canon.Apocalypse of Peter. Used as part of the wider early Christian apocalyptic library that circulated before the canon fully closed.Muratorian Fragment. Used for the late-second-century Roman list of recognized Christian writings and the emerging shape of the New Testament.Cyril of Jerusalem. Mystagogical Catecheses. Used for post-baptismal instruction and the interpretation of initiation after the rite had been received.Ambrose of Milan. On the Mysteries and On the Sacraments. Used for mystagogical teaching, baptismal interpretation, anointing, and sacramental instruction.The Nicene Creed / First Council of Nicaea, 325. Used for creed formation, anti-Arian settlement attempts, and the conciliar compression of Christological conflict.Athanasius. Festal Letter 39. Used for the earliest surviving list matching the 27-book New Testament canon recognized in the mainstream tradition.Constantinopolitan Creed / First Council of Constantinople, 381. Used for the later stabilization and expansion of Nicene theological identity.Also want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. A

Cardon Ellis and Luke Hansen dive deep into three powerful doctrines from the earliest Christian church that Joseph Smith restored—doctrines largely abandoned or reinterpreted by mainstream Christianity today.Using scriptures, early Church Fathers' writings, and the book Restoring the Ancient Church by Barry Robert Bickmore, they explore:The future coming of Elias (Elijah) as a forerunner before the Second ComingThe literal 1,000-year millennial reign of Christ on earthCreation ex materia (out of existing matter) vs. the later doctrine of creation ex nihilo (out of nothing)This episode shows how Joseph Smith aligned with ancient Christianity on these key points, often against later theological developments like Neoplatonism and the Trinity. Packed with scripture breakdowns, historical quotes, and thoughtful discussion—perfect for Latter-day Saints, students of church history, and anyone interested in the Restoration.#LatterDaySaints #JosephSmith #EarlyChristianity #Restoration #BookOfMormon #Millennium #Elias #CreationExMateria #WardRadio #LDS00:00 Intro & Setup: Three Early Doctrines Restored by Joseph Smith02:10 Why These Doctrines Matter & the Patrick Madrid Challenge03:45 Source: Restoring the Ancient Church by Barry Robert Bickmore05:20 Doctrine 1: The Coming of Elias / Elijah as Forerunner08:40 Biblical Foundations11:15 Early Church Fathers on a Future Coming of Elias14:50 Kirtland Temple Fulfillment & Passover Timing17:30 Doctrine 2: The Literal 1,000-Year Millennial Reign20:10 Early Beliefs vs. Later Spiritualized Interpretations23:45 Papias, Eusebius & the Shift Away from Literal Millennium27:30 Doctrine 3: Creation Ex Materia vs. Creation Ex Nihilo30:45 Historical Origins of Ex Nihilo & Gnostic/Platonic Influences34:20 Why Creation Ex Nihilo is Essential to the Trinity37:10 Joseph Smith's Revelations Aligning with Ancient Christianity39:40 Final ThoughtsJoin this channel to get access to perks:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnmsAFGrFuGe0obW6tkEY6w/joinAmazon Wish List: https://www.amazon.com/hz/wishlist/ls/1AQLMTSMBM4DC?ref_=wl_shareVisit us for this and more at: WardRadio.comTo subscribe to "The Women of Ward Radio" Youtube Channel, please visit: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbu-wpRztV-8TYXClhUZhhwTo Subscribe to Cardon Ellis' Adventure Channel, please visit: http://www.youtube.com/@CardonEllisAdventuresThe following authors and/or sponsors are generously offering discounts on their gospel-related publication to Ward Radio listeners.⚡For free trial of Scripture Notes please visit the following link!: https://scripturenotes.com/?via=wardradio⚡For a discount on Tiny 3D Temples, Save 15% with code WARDRADIO at checkout or visit tiny3dtemples.com/wardradio⚡Family: A Rhyming Proclamation for Kids book visit the following linkhttps://plainandpreciouspublishing.com/products/family-a-rhyming-proclamation-for-kids . Use the code "Ward Radio" for 10% off. ⚡To Order Jonah's Book, “Lost Gems of Genesis” visit the following link and use coupon Code: WARDRADIO https://plainandpreciouspublishing.com/products/coming-soon-the-lost-gems-of-genesis-how-apocryphal-texts-prove-joseph-smith-fixed-the-bibleFor 10% off Plain and Precious Publishing Books, visit plainandpreciouspublishing.com and use Coupon Code: WARDRADIOFor a 5% discount on Go and Do Travel, visit goanddotravel.com and use the promo code WARDRADIO5#christian #mormon #exmormon #latter-daysaints #latterdaysaints #latterdays #bible #bookofmormon #archaeology #BYU #midnightmormons #jesus #jesuschrist #scriptures #sundayschool #biblestudy #christiancomedy #cardonellis #kwakuel #bradwitbeckTo support the channel:Venmo @WardRadio or visit: https://account.venmo.com/u/MidnightMormonsPaypal: paypal.me/@midnightmedia CashApp: $WardRadioFollow us at:Instagram: @cardonellis @kwakuel @braderico @boho.birdyFacebook: @WardRadioWorldwideTwitter: WardRadioShowTikTok: WardRadioWorldwide

This episode consists of our opening statements. In my opening statement (slides here), I first briefly explain why a trinitarian should not want to identify Jesus and God. I assume that when my opponent says that “Jesus is God” he means that Jesus is fully divine/has the divine nature. I then explain a terrible problem of the official Christology of the Council of Chalcedon in 451: the implication that the divine nature of Christ is a someone (self, person) and the human nature of Christ is another someone (self, person). They try to fix this by asserting that there is only one someone there, but that’s no real solution. I then explain how later, the fully developed Chalcedonian catholic tradition does solve this problem by saying that Christ’s “complete human nature” (human type of body + human type of soul), is not, because of its “assumption” by the divine nature/eternal Son/Word, a human person. But this clashes with the clear New Testament teaching that Jesus is a man/human person. It is no help to say there there is a “human” person here, meaning a divine person who now bears some mysterious relationship to a human type of soul and a human type of body which don’t compose a human person. The problem is only exacerbated by the sixth ecumenical council in 681 at Constantinople, which seems to make each of Christ’s natures a person/self/someone by saying that each has a will (an ability to choose). Against this messy, catholic Christology I set out the clear New Testament teachings that the one God is (only) the Father himself, and that Jesus, his Messiah/Christ, is a miraculously conceived man, a human person born to Mary who did not have a biological human father. Properly trinitarian (tripersonal-God-involving) ideas seem to have originated in the latter half of the 300s, and so are alien to the thought world of the New Testament. Against various later speculations, the New Testament Jesus is the Messiah (a.k.a. the Son of God), a man, not an additional, lesser god to the one true god (the Father), or the same god as the Father, or a “divine Person” in an imagined triune god. I then explain five qualities which according to the New Testament Jesus has which rule his being fully divine. About Dr. Bird’s claim in his book Jesus Among the Gods that the New Testament Jesus is an ungenerated or unbegotten god, I point at that this is contrary to catholic traditions that say the Father “eternally generates” the Son. He also says there that the New Testament Son is supposed to “a Jewish god,” but, I object, that would make him the Jewish god, and so, the Father/Yahweh. I then lay out four lines of evidence that the New Testament authors did not think Jesus to be fully divine, and rebut Dr. Bird’s claim that early Christian theology should be seen as “incipient trinitarianism.” Dr. Bird says that he holds Jesus to be the second Person of the Trinity because this is what best makes sense of all of Scripture. The Bible teaches monotheism, that there is, strictly speaking, only one god, the creator, Yahweh. He points out that the Alexandrian Jewish philosopher-theologian Philo rejected the possibility of a human becoming a god and the possibility of God becoming a human. He suggests that if Philo had read John 1:1-14 he would have accepted all but the final verse. The author of the Fourth Gospel, Bird says, believes that Jesus in the eternal, divine Son, the Word–not (only) a man attested by God. The one God is known through his actions and is said in the Old Testament to create by his word and by his wisdom. Also, “the angel of the LORD” seems to be both God himself and someone else–a contradiction, or maybe a merely apparent one, a paradox. New Testament authors, he suggests, did not consider Jesus to be only human. In particular, the give him religious worship. They all thought Jesus to be “divine”–the only question was: In what sense? As Thomas said (John 20:28), Jesus is his god. Jesus is worthy of our worship. Paul closely associates together Jesus and God, often mentioning them together. Engaging with Jesus is engaging with the divine. Jesus in the New Testament doesn’t claim to be God, Bird argues, but texts like Mark 1:1-3, where the author applies a Yahweh text to Jesus, imply that he is Yahweh returning to Zion. Again, in Mark 2 we see Jesus forgiving human sins, which only God can do. And in Mark 14, before the high priest, Jesus claims that he will be co-enthroned with Yahweh, so that Jesus has divine authority. And John 1 teaches that God’s Word is one and the same with the man Jesus. Philippians 2 teaches the full deity of Jesus and says Jesus is worthy of worship–and so we see that Jesus participates in the divine identity. In 1 Corinthians 8:4-6, Bird says, Paul gives a revised, duality-including version of the Shema. And in Hebrews 1:3 Jesus is a representation of God’s own being, not a mere man. This Jesus has a unique relationship with the Father, enabling us to have a relationship with him. His opponents understood (John 10:33) that he was claiming ontological equality with God. Thus in Revelation 5 we see the Lamb getting the same worship that was given to God Almighty in the vision of Revelation 4. But Jesus does not deserve that worship unless he is fully divine. It would be blasphemy to worship Jesus if he were a creature. Jesus’s full divinity is also implied by prayer to Jesus. Of course, it took mainstream tradition a few centuries to work it all out. But Bird cites Eusebius the historian, Melito of Sardis, the Sibylline Oracles, Justin Martyr, and Ignatius of Antioch as early recognizers of the deity of Christ. He also mentions two pagan testimonies of the early worship of the Son–yet more support for “early high Christology.” Bird says that he’s not impressed with analytic theology, but at any rate, many analytic theologians are trinitarians, such as Oliver Crisp. He says that he is an exegete, historian, and theologian, suggesting that he is more qualified to answer historical questions about early Christianity. In his view early Christians closely associated Jesus with God and thought Jesus was “from the same source of divinity.” Trinitarian theology, he suggests, is not so much taught in the Bible as it is a hermeneutic, a way of reading it, a way of making sense of what the Bible as a whole affirms and denies. He points out that it does better, for instance, than modalism when it comes to reading the accounts of Jesus’s baptism. Contrary to what I said it my opening, Dr. Bird says we should think and take comfort in the fact that God was and is one of us, mentioning this 1990s song. In this way, he says, God moved from empathy to sympathy. This was far greater, he says, than sending “a super-human Messiah” to help us. Finally, while conceding that some early Christians may have thought something like what I presented, he suggests that the closest analogue to the Christology I presented was the Christology of the pagan Neoplatonist and critic of Christianity Porphyry, who acknowledged Jesus as (only) a pious and wise man. Bird’s Christology, he suggests, far better fits the Bible and the facts of history. Which side put forward the better opening case, and why? Leave us a comment below. Here below is the UCA-produced video. Special thanks to Canterbury Christadelphian Hall for hosting and recording this debate, and to UCA Podcast host Mark Cain for his expert help in producing the audio for this episode and for the video. https://youtu.be/tJKFqF7lYKY?si=KIfP2ez2tekxkztH Links for this episode: Dr. Michael Bird’s YouTube channel Dr. Bird’s blog, Substack Bird, Jesus Among the Gods (interview on Transfigured) Bird, Evangelical Theology, 2nd ed. Ehrman, Bird, and Stewart, When Did Jesus Become God? podcast 270 – Origen's “one God” podcast 348 – Novatian's On the Trinity – Part 2 – Two Thieves and Three Arguments podcast 277 – Was Christ tempted in every way? podcast 391 – Jesus' Temptations and Ours – Part 1 – Luke 4 podcast 392 – Jesus' Temptations and Ours – Part 2 – Things Apologists Say podcast 384 – Mainstream Christian Theologies in the Late 100s – Early 200s and Early Trinitarian “Fool's Gold” podcast 381 – Mainstream Christian Theologies in the year 240: What Trinitarian Apologists Don't Know Tuggy, Nicaea at 1700: Myths vs. Reality podcast 291 – From one God to two gods to three “Gods” – John 1 and early Christian theologies biblicalunitarian.com Catholic Theologian Hans Küng on New Testament theology This week’s thinking music is “Ignite! (instrumental)” by Lemon Knife.

Join us as we dig deeper into the teaching on "What's the answer: What did Jesus tell them?", found in Luke 24:13-27 - the story of 2 men "On the Road to Emmaus." Two men are on their way, walking to the town of Emmaus are joined by Jesus.  Let's focus in on who these men were. For one of them we are given his name. Luke 24:18 " One of them, named Cleopas, asked Jesus, …" Cleopas is not mentioned anywhere else in the Bible, but there is another name very similar - Clopas - and this name is mentioned other places in the Bible. Over the centuries, many believers, scholars and teachers have considered that Cleopas and Clopas could be one and the same person. John 19:25 "Near the cross of Jesus stood his mother, his mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene."  Clopas sounds very much like Cleopas, a simple shortening of the name. So one of the men walking to Emmaus may have been the husband of one of the women who stood at the foot of the cross at Jesus crucifixion. If Cleopas and Clopas as the same person - here's what we know from early Christian historians - Eusebius (c.260-339 AD) says, "They all discussed together who ought to succeed James, and all unanimously decided that Symeon, son of the Clopas mentioned in the Gospel, was worthy of the bishop's throne. It is said that he was the first cousin of the Savior, for Hegesippus relates that Clopas was the brother of Joseph."  (Joseph was Jesus' step-father, making Clopas Jesus' uncle.) Who was the other disciple on the road to Emmaus? Some have thought maybe it was Cleopas' wife. Others have thought it may have been one of Cleopas' sons. Or maybe it was Luke. - the author of the Gospel of Luke. And writer of this story found in Luke 24.  Pastor ends with a recommendation for further study: Easter Enigma by John Wenham.      Now What? Learn about God at https://www.awakeusnow.com EVERYTHING we offer is FREE. View live or on demand: https://www.awakeusnow.com/tuesday-bible-class For more check out the series, "What's the Answer"  https://www.awakeusnow.com/whats-the-answer Join us Sundays  https://www.awakeusnow.com/sunday-service Watch via our app. Text HELLO to 888-364-4483 to download our app.

Romeins 'fake news'? Wat dat is en hoe dat precies zit onderzoeken we in deze aflevering met dr. Rens Tacoma van de Universiteit Leiden! Wat zijn 'documentaire ficties' uit de Romeinse wereld? Welke bronnen onderzoekt Rens binnen zijn project en hoe kom je (oude) vervalsingen op het spoor? Met welk doel werden die bronnen geproduceerd op aangepast? Dit en nog veel meer ontdekken we met Rens, inclusief interessante casestudies!Shownotes

If you enjoy this episode, we're sure you will enjoy more content like this on The Occult Rejects.  In fact, we have curated playlists on occult topics like grimoires, esoteric concepts and phenomena, occult history, analyzing true crime and cults with an occult lens, Para politics, and occultism in music. Whether you enjoy consuming your content visually or via audio, we've got you covered - and it will always be provided free of charge.  So, if you enjoy what we do and want to support our work of providing accessible, free content on various platforms, please consider making a donation to the links provided below.  Thank you and enjoy the episode!Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Cash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsBuy Me A Coffeebuymeacoffee.com/TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsPrimary sourcesJustin Martyr. Dialogue with Trypho, ch. 35. Best for the earliest surviving mention of the Saturnilians as a named rival Christian group.Irenaeus of Lyons. Against Heresies 1.24. Main doctrinal source for Saturninus: the unknown Father, seven angels, spark of life, docetic Christology, the God of the Jews as one of the angels, anti-marriage teaching, and abstinence from animal food.Irenaeus of Lyons. Against Heresies 1.28. Useful for the later Encratite connection and the afterlife of Saturninian-style asceticism.Hippolytus of Rome. Refutation of All Heresies 7.16. Important corroborating witness for the Saturnilian system.Eusebius of Caesarea. Ecclesiastical History 4.7. Best for the later church-historical placement of Saturninus in a lineage of error.Josephus. Against Apion 2.39. Useful for the civic standing of Jews in Antioch.Josephus. Antiquities of the Jews 12.119–124. Useful for Antiochene Jewish privileges under Seleucid and Roman rule.Modern and background sourcesEncyclopaedia Britannica. “Antioch.” Good concise background for Antioch as a major Seleucid and Roman city and early Christian center.Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Irenaeus.” Good background on Irenaeus' life, dates, and role in anti-heretical theology.Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Saint Justin Martyr.” Good background on Justin's life and philosophical/apologetic role.Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Eusebius of Caesarea.” Good background on Eusebius as historian and bishop.Michael A. Williams. “Gnosticism.” In The Cambridge Companion to Christian Heresy, edited by Richard Flower. Cambridge University Press, 2025. Best for the modern scholarly caution about using the label “Gnosticism.”Richard Flower, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Christian Heresy. Cambridge University Press, 2025. Useful for the broader scholarly framing of heresy as discourse, classification, and boundary-making.On Saturday, April 25th, 2026, the 2026 Southeastern Masonic Symposium is happening in person at the Asheville Masonic Temple (80 Broadway St., Asheville, NC)I'll be there in person, so, come down and meet me and the rest of the crew.John Michael Greer — prolific occult and esoteric historian with 70+ books, including Circles of Power and the award-winning New Encyclopedia of the Occult; an initiate across Hermetic, Masonic, and Druidic lineages, and former Grand Archdruid (AODA).Collin Conkwright (American Esoteric) — creator behind American Esoteric, focused on ancient philosophy & comparative religion and serious work around universalism and the Western tradition; also publicly listed as a Master Mason and writer.Ike Baker — independent scholar & esoteric instructor, a practicing ceremonialist and initiatic Mason (Blue Lodge + York Rite), also connected with Martinism and the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn; host of the ARCANVM podcast; author of A Formless Fire and Aetheric Magic.Thom Carter — a Brother out of Mt. Hermon Lodge No. 118 (Asheville, NC) and part of the presenting lineup for the symposium.https://www.eventbrite.com/e/2026-asheville-masonic-symposium-tickets-1980822909645?aff=ebdssbdestsearch

On this episode, Shane highlights some of the intriguing parallels that exist between the parable of Lazarus recorded in Luke 16 and the account of the raising of Lazarus in John 11. Since both texts involve a man named Lazarus as well as the subject of resurrection, it's worth considering that these two stories may in fact be related. During this exploration, Shane talks with Richard Bauckham, author of Jesus & The Eyewitnesses, and T.C. Schmidt, author of Josephus & Jesus.SPECIAL OFFERFor a gift of any size, you'll recieve a pre-release PDF download of Shane's forthcoming book, Luke's Key Witness, along with a 30 page PDF resource titled The Identity of the Beloved Disciple. If you're already a paid subscriber, you'll be able to access both resources via the above links. To donate or subscribe, use the green button below.SHOW NOTESEpisodesQuestioning The Fourth Gospel, #49 with Richard BauckhamDid Josephus Ever Mention Jesus? #77 with T.C. SchmidtWho is Theophilus? #79 with Peter. BoltStories of Jesus: Can They Be Trusted? #61 with Peter J. WilliamsIs John's Gospel Late & Unreliable?, #51 with Daniel WallaceAre The Gospels History or Fiction? #52 with John DicksonThe Messiah's Redemptive Mission Episode #72Faith Founded on Facts, Episode #15Locating Golgotha, #17 with David RohlAuthenticating The Book of Acts, ep. #24 with Lydia McGrewWhat Did the Earliest Christians Believe?, #25 with Dennis JohnsonJacob's Ladder, #63 with Richard Bauckham and othersThe Gospels as Eyewitness Testimony, #48 with Richard BauckhamWhich John Wrote John? Episode #50 ArticlesThe Parable of Lazarus, Shane RosenthalConsidering Alternatives to the Resurrection, Shane RosenthalBart Ehrman on Jesus & The Claim of Resurrection, Shane RosenthalThe Implications of 70 AD on the Date of the Gospels & Acts, Shane RosenthalA Pre-70 Date for the Gospels & Acts, Shane RosenthalThe Date of John's Gospel, Revisited, Shane RosenthalCan We Trust Luke's History of the Early Jesus Movement? Shane RosenthalAuthenticating The Fourth Gospel, Shane RosenthalThe Gospels as Authentic Testimony, Richard BauckhamOn Faith & History, Shane RosenthalDetailed Notes for Episode #79 (resources for the Identity of Theophilus)Passover, The Last Supper & The Day of Crucifixion, Shane RosenthalWhere Was Jesus Crucified?, Shane RosenthalBooksJosephus & Jesus, T.C. Schmidt — FREEJesus & The Eyewitnesses, Richard BauckhamThe Fate of the Dead, Richard BauckhamCan We Trust The Gospels? Peter J. WilliamsIs Jesus History? John DicksonTestimonies to the Truth, Lydia McGrewLuke: A Commentary, Peter G. Bolt The Surprising Genius of Jesus, Peter J. WilliamsProof of the Gospel, Eusebius of CaesareaVideoHistory, Archaeology & Luke's Most Excellent TheophilusAn Archaeological Discovery Sheds Light on the Gospel of LukeHave Archaeologists Discovered Biblical Bethsaida?Can We Trust the Gospels? Peter J. Williams New Evidence for the Gospels, Peter J. Williams Evidence for the Resurrection, Peter J. Williams Are the Gospels Reliable?, Peter J. Williams & Bart EhrmanThe Tools & Rules of History, Gary Habermas & Shane Rosenthal & others Get full access to The Humble Skeptic at www.humbleskeptic.com/subscribe

Why read a bunch of facts about something in a textbook when you can get a first-hand account of what happened from someone who was there in the room where it happened?That's pretty much the concept of using the Great Books as the textbooks of choice in classical Christian education.At Veritas, a distinctive feature of secondary education is the Omnibus program, a comprehensive curriculum that combines literature, history, theology, civics, and philosophy. And, for the most part, students don't use textbooks for these classes. Rather, their textbooks are the "original sources;" that is, influential works written by authors and leaders of the time period.Our teachers and students have experienced first hand why this is the best way to appreciate and understand history...and why that appreciation and understanding is so crucial to a person's formation of faith and ideas.In this entertaining and eye-opening episode, three of our Omnibus teachers - Graham Dennis, Starling Reid, and Darin Beachy - talk with Mr. Fischer about their experience teaching history through the lens of the Great Books, how they inspire teenagers to wrestle with these difficult texts, and why the study of history alongside theology and philosophy is so vital to their development as citizens of our culture and disciples of Christ.What does that look like at Veritas?Well, instead of reading about the Peloponnesian War of the 4th century B.C., students read Thucydides' actual account and Aristophanes' plays. Rather than learn facts about Church history, they read Eusebius, Athanasius, and Dante's Divine Comedy. To grasp our country's founding principles, they read Locke, Rousseau, and Hobbes. Great works of 19th century literature is enjoyed and discussed in conjunction with understanding modern movements.Think teenagers couldn't possibly be ready to digest this type of weighty material? Think again. A classical Christian education calls them to higher things, and year after year, our students rise to the occasion and thrive because of it! Find out how in this episode.This season of Cultivate is sponsored by Hershey Financial Advisers, a wealth management firm located on North Pointe Blvd in Lancaster, leading people to make better financial decisions and empowering them to fulfill a vision beyond themselves.

Based upon decades of study on the cultural and rabbinic context of the Gospels, Dr. Steven Notley will reveal fresh insights into Luke 4 and Jesus' public pronouncement of his ministry at his hometown synagogue in Nazareth. Jesus' message of mercy marks the entire Gospel of Luke though it did not find a home in every hearing heart. Dr. R. Steven Notley is Professor and Dean of Religious Studies at Pillar College, Newark, NJ. Since 2016, he has served as the academic director of the el-Araj Excavation Project in its search for first-century Bethsaida-Julias, the lost city of the apostles. He received his PhD from the Hebrew University, where he studied with David Flusser. Dr. Notley lived for 16 years in Jerusalem with his wife and four children, during which time he was the founding chair of the New Testament Studies program at the Jerusalem University College. He is the author of many books and articles and continues collaborative research and publication with Israeli scholars in the fields of historical geography, ancient Judaism, and Christian origins. Among his list of publications, he collaborated with Flusser on the historical biography, The Sage from Galilee: Rediscovering Jesus' Genius; with Anson Rainey on the monumental biblical atlas, The Sacred Bridge: Carta's Atlas of the Biblical World; and with Ze'ev Safrai on an annotated translation of Eusebius's important description of Roman Palestine, Eusebius, Onomasticon: A Triglott Edition with Notes and Commentary. He rejoined Safrai for their second work, a pioneering collection and translation of the earliest rabbinic parables that provide the literary and religious context for the parables of Jesus, The Parables of the Sages.

Based upon decades of study on the cultural and rabbinic context of the Gospels, Dr. Steven Notley will reveal fresh insights into Luke 4 and Jesus' public pronouncement of his ministry at his hometown synagogue in Nazareth. Jesus' message of mercy marks the entire Gospel of Luke though it did not find a home in every hearing heart. Dr. R. Steven Notley is Professor and Dean of Religious Studies at Pillar College, Newark, NJ. Since 2016, he has served as the academic director of the el-Araj Excavation Project in its search for first-century Bethsaida-Julias, the lost city of the apostles. He received his PhD from the Hebrew University, where he studied with David Flusser. Dr. Notley lived for 16 years in Jerusalem with his wife and four children, during which time he was the founding chair of the New Testament Studies program at the Jerusalem University College. He is the author of many books and articles and continues collaborative research and publication with Israeli scholars in the fields of historical geography, ancient Judaism, and Christian origins. Among his list of publications, he collaborated with Flusser on the historical biography, The Sage from Galilee: Rediscovering Jesus' Genius; with Anson Rainey on the monumental biblical atlas, The Sacred Bridge: Carta's Atlas of the Biblical World; and with Ze'ev Safrai on an annotated translation of Eusebius's important description of Roman Palestine, Eusebius, Onomasticon: A Triglott Edition with Notes and Commentary. He rejoined Safrai for their second work, a pioneering collection and translation of the earliest rabbinic parables that provide the literary and religious context for the parables of Jesus, The Parables of the Sages.

These twelve holy Martyrs suffered in the reign of Diocletian.   "The first of these, Pamphilius, was priest in the church at Caesarea in Palestine; a learned and devout man, he corrected the mistakes of various copiers in the text of the New Testament. He himself copied this saving Book and gave it to any who desired it. The second was a deacon, Valentine, old in years and white with wisdom. He was a great expert in the Holy Scriptures, knowing them by heart. The third was Paul, a respected and eminent man, who had on a previous occasion been cast into the fire for the sake of Christ. With them were five Egyptians, brothers both in blood and soul, who were returning to their native land from serving a sentence in the mines of Cilicia. As they reached the gate of the town of Caesarea they said that they were Christians, and were therefore brought to trial. When asked their names, they replied: 'We have cast away the pagan names given us by our mother, and are called Elias, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Samuel and Daniel.' when asked where they were from, they replied: 'From Jerusalem that is above.' They were all beheaded, and a young man called Porphyrius, who had searched for their bodies to give them burial, suffered soon afterwards. Him they burned. An officer, Seleucus, who had come up to the martyrs and embraced them before the sword descended on their heads, was also burned, and an old man, Theodulus, a servant of the Roman judge, who had embraced one of the martyrs while they were under escort. Lastly Julian, who had kissed the dead bodies of the martyrs and honoured them, followed them in death. So they exchanged the small for the greater, the tawdry for the precious and death for immortality, and went to the Lord in 308." (Prologue)   The Synaxarion concludes, "After the martyrdom of Pamphilius, the leader of the glorious cohort, the impious governor gave orders that his body and those of his companions should be left where they lay as food for carnivorous animals. However by God's Providence, no animal came near their holy relics, which the Christians were able to lay to rest with due honour." The account of these Martyrs was written by Eusebius of Caeserea, Pamphilius' disciple.

In this episode we explore The Theophanic Replacement Protocol, a forensic model explaining the formation of normative Christian orthodoxy through a coordinated, multi-phase program of theological, literary, and physical overwriting. Central to this model is the spiritual identity theft of God Our Father. The persona of “Yahweh” - characterized by violence, tribalism, and conditional law - was systematically grafted onto the biography of the true God of grace revealed by Jesus. Our roundtable discusses five evidentiary strata: 1) The traditio-historical datum of the 29 AD Eclipse-Seismic Theophany; 2) The textual witness of the primitive Evangelion and Apostolikon; 3) A characterological antithesis proving Yahweh's incompatibility with the Father; 4) The material evidence of the Diocletian Persecution's targeted destruction; and 5) The archival dependency of later orthodoxy on Marcionite sources. We also discuss how the Protocol culminated in a Damnatio Memoriae against the primary stratum, erasing its physical texts and memory, allowing a synthetic, Yahwistic Christianity to emerge as the sole historical narrative.Notes:Journal of Pre-Nicene Christian Studieshttps://journal.pre-nicene.org/TheophanicReplacementProtocol.htmlISSN: 3068-8469 December, 2025DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17964659ReferencesBarnes, T. D. (1981). Constantine and Eusebius. Harvard University Press.BeDuhn, J. D. (2013). The First New Testament: Marcion's Scriptural Canon. PolebridgePress.Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana. (12th cent.). Codex Vaticanus Arch. B. S. Pietro A 3 (Vat.lat. 214664). Digital Vatican Library. https://digi.vatlib.it/mss/detail/214664The Canons of the Council of Nicaea (325 CE). In Schaff, P., & Wace, H. (Eds.), *Nicene andPost-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol. 14.*Lactantius. (c. 313-315 CE). On the Deaths of the Persecutors (De MortibusPersecutorum).The Very First Bible. https://theveryfirstbible.orgLe Bas, P., & Waddington, W. H. (1870). Inscriptions grecques et latines recueillies enGrèce et en Asie Mineure (Vol. 3, Inscription 2558).Roth, D. T. (2015). The Text of Marcion's Gospel. Brill.Tertullian. (c. 207-212 CE). Against Marcion (Adversus Marcionem).Marcionite Church. https://marcionitechurch.orgPrimary Source Tradition:Marcionite Church (2020). The Very First Bible: The Evangelion and Apostolikon (ISBN 978-0578641591).

Full Text of Readings The Saint of the day is Saint Fabian Saint Fabian's Story Saint Fabian was a Roman layman who came into the city from his farm one day as clergy and people were preparing to elect a new pope. Eusebius, a Church historian, says a dove flew in and settled on the head of Fabian. This sign united the votes of clergy and laity, and he was chosen unanimously. He led the Church for 14 years and died a martyr's death during the persecution of Decius in 250 A.D. Saint Cyprian wrote to his successor that Fabian was an “incomparable” man whose glory in death matched the holiness and purity of his life. In the catacombs of Saint Callistus, the stone that covered Fabian's grave may still be seen, broken into four pieces, bearing the Greek words, “Fabian, bishop, martyr.” Saint Fabian shares the celebration of his liturgical feast with Saint Sebastian on January 20. Reflection We can go confidently into the future and accept the change that growth demands only if we have firm roots in the past, in a living tradition. A few pieces of stone in Rome are a reminder to us that we are bearers of more than 20 centuries of a living tradition of faith and courage in living the life of Christ and showing it to the world. We have brothers and sisters who have “gone before us with the sign of faith,” as the First Eucharistic Prayer puts it, to light the way for us.Saint of the Day, Copyright Franciscan Media

Why did 2 Peter face more resistance than nearly any other New Testament book—and how did it ultimately secure its place in the Christian canon?In this episode, Dr. Stephen Boyce traces the long and contested journey of 2 Peter, one of the most debated epistles in early Christianity. From early doubts about authorship and style, to its uneven reception in the East and West, we examine why this letter stood on the margins for centuries while others were quickly received.We explore:Early patristic hesitation and silence surrounding 2 PeterHow figures like Origen, Eusebius, and Jerome evaluated the letterThe role of apostolic authority, theological content, and ecclesial usageWhich church councils and canonical lists ultimately included 2 Peter—and whyWhat this controversy reveals about how the canon was actually formedFar from being a simple rubber-stamp process, the inclusion of 2 Peter exposes the rigor, caution, and theological criteria employed by the early Church when discerning Scripture.This episode challenges modern assumptions about the canon and asks a deeper question:What does it really mean for a book to be “Scripture,” and who decides?A must-listen for anyone interested in biblical canon, early church history, and the complexities behind the New Testament we hold today.If you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7

The Letter of Jude E1 — Jude is one of the shortest writings in the New Testament. It comes from one of Jesus' own brothers (or cousins, or stepbrothers, depending on the tradition). Written in the early years of the Jesus movement, the letter addresses a Jewish community in Jerusalem or Galilee, made up of disciples who likely grew up with Jesus and knew his family. Jude (or Judah in Hebrew or Judas in Greek) is deeply rooted in the Hebrew Bible. His writing shows these roots through consistent biblical language and tons of hyperlinks. But who was Jude, and what do we know about his family and ancestors? In this episode, Jon and Tim introduce the background of this short letter and the larger world surrounding its author.FULL SHOW NOTESFor chapter-by-chapter summaries, referenced Scriptures, and reflection questions, check out the full show notes for this episode.CHAPTERSJude's Identity and the Brothers of Jesus (0:00–8:29)Jesus' Brothers in the Gospels and Early Church (8:29–24:01)James, Jude, and Their Descendants (24:01–44:15)OFFICIAL EPISODE TRANSCRIPTView this episode's official transcript.BIBLEPROJECT JUDE TRANSLATIONView our full translation of the Letter of Jude.REFERENCED RESOURCESPanarion by Epiphanius of SalamisThe Perpetual Virginity of Blessed Mary: Against Helvidius by JeromeProto-Gospel of JamesCommentary on Matthew by OrigenAntiquities of the Jews by Flavius JosephusThe Church History by Eusebius of CaesareaCheck out Tim's extensive collection of recommended books here.SHOW MUSIC“afternoon reads.” by Lofi Sunday, PAINT WITH SOUND.“date night” by Lofi Sunday, Cassidy GodwinBibleProject theme song by TENTS SHOW CREDITSProduction of today's episode is by Lindsey Ponder, producer, and Cooper Peltz, managing producer. Tyler Bailey is our supervising engineer, who also edited today's episode and provided the sound design and mix. JB Witty writes the show notes. Our host and creative director is Jon Collins, and our lead scholar is Tim Mackie. Powered and distributed by Simplecast. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

On this episode, Shane walks through selections from the first two chapters of Luke's Gospel as he highlights the significance of Jesus' birth and redemptive mission. He also takes time to reflect on the meaning of the numerous Old Testament prophecies and promises that are alluded to throughout Luke's account of the things that have been “fulfilled among us.”SHOW NOTESArticlesDetailed notes for this episode, Shane Rosenthal (coming soon!)Isaiah's Prophecy of the Messiah's Birth, Shane RosenthalThe Bethlehem Prophecy: An Exploration of Micah 5:2, Shane RosenthalJustin Martyr on the Importance of Fulfilled Prophecy, Shane RosenthalProof of the Gospel (PDF), selections from Justin Martyr, Eusebius & AugustineFinding Christ in All of Scripture (PDF), Shane RosenthalWhy Should We Believe The Bible? (PDF), Shane RosenthalIsrael: The Story Behind Jacob's New Name, Shane RosenthalArchaeological Discoveries Related to Nebuchadnezzar II, Shane RosenthalA Pre-70 Date for the Gospels & Acts, Shane RosenthalThe Implications of 70 AD on the Date of the Gospels & Acts, Shane RosenthalThe Date of John's Gospel, Revisited, Shane RosenthalIs Luke a Trustworthy Historian?, Sir William RamsayBooksJesus in the Old Testament, Iain DuguidJourneys with Jesus, Dennis JohnsonEchoes of Exodus: Tracing the Theme of Redemption, Roberts & WilsonThe Angel of the Lord, Matt Foreman & Doug Van DornThe Jewish Gospels, Daniel BoyarinA Handbook on the Jewish Roots of the Gospels, Craig EvansProof of the Gospel, Eusebius of CaesareaLuke's Key Witness, Shane RosenthalAudioChristmas: Legend or History? episode #64The Messiah's Redemptive Mission, episode #72In the Beginning was the Word, episode #75 with John RonningThe Angel of Yahweh, episode #70 with Foreman & Van DornDid The Exodus Ever Happen? episode #69 with David RohlJacob's Ladder, episode #63 with Richard Bauckham and othersBabylon, episode #66 Decoding the Prophecies of Daniel, episode #68 Signs of the Messiah, episode #74 with Andreas KöstenbergerJewish Views of the Messiah, episode #38 with Daniel BoyarinVideoRethinking Luke's Prologue, Shane RosenthalProphecies of The Messiah's Birth, You Can Handle The TruthSupport this Podcast with a Year-End GiftConsider supporting The Humble Skeptic podcast by making a one-time gift or upgrading to a paid subscription via Substack ($5.95 per month, $59 per year). Tax-deductible giving options are also available. Click here for more information. Get full access to The Humble Skeptic at www.humbleskeptic.com/subscribe

2 Corinthians 1: 3-7; Matthew 16: 24-27; Haydock Commentary Please consider donating to help keep this podcast going by going to buymeacoffee.com/catholicdailybrief Also, if you enjoy these episodes, please give a five star rating and share the podcast with your friends and family

“16:24. Then Jesus said to his disciples: If any man will come after me,let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me.16:25. For he that will save his life, shall lose it: and he that shalllose his life for my sake, shall find it.16:26. For what doth it profit a man, if he gain the whole world andsuffer the loss of his own soul? Or what exchange shall a man give forhis soul?16:27. For the Son of man shall come in the glory of his Father withhis angels: and then will he render to every man according to hisworks.”

Psalm 104Reading 1: Isaiah 22Reading 2: From a commentary on Isaiah by Eusebius of Caesarea, bishopSt. Helena Ministries is a registered 501(c)3 non-profit. Your donations may be tax-deductibleSupport us at: sthelenaministries.com/supportPresentation of the Liturgy of the Hours (Divine Office) from The Liturgy of the Hours (Four Volumes) © 1975, International Commission on English in the Liturgy Corporation. The texts of Biblical readings are reproduced from the New American Bible © 1975

This week Jeff and Dave continue their discussion of John Wenham's arguments against the hypothesis of Markan priority and the Q document as explaining the many similarities in the synoptic Gospels. Here they pick up with "external evidence" in chapter 5, after a concluding look at the internal evidence. Wenham argues in chapters 5 and following for the priority of Matthew, reestablishing the reliability of Papias and other church fathers like Irenaeus and Origen, in the overwhelming testimony that Matthew was first, and wrote Ἑβραΐδι διαλέκτῳ. Does this mean in a Semitic language like Hebrew or Aramaean – the traditional interpretation – or is the understanding commonly attributed to Eusebius correct, that Matthew wrote "in a Semitic style", but not necessarily in the Hebrew language? The arguments are complicated, and require very careful attention to sort the wheat from the chaff. Was Peter the inspiration for Mark's gospel? Was Peter in Rome, and if, so when? Come along for a careful look at a perennially interesting and pressing question, namely the relationship between the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke. Also, be sure to check out the giveaway of the brand-new collected works of Aristotle by Hackett publishing, our sponsor. You can find it at this link.

The Gospel of John Week 23 Scripture: John 18. Our story begins with Jesus in the Garden and soldiers, high priests, and Judas come to the garden carrying torches, lanterns and weapons. Jesus goes out to meet them asking, "Who is it you want?" Clearly showing who's in charge. Something we will see Jesus repeat in the next hours. Jesus is in charge and He's always been in charge and that is a take home for us in our own lives as well. He's in charge! He's the Lord. Jesus knows all that is going to happen to Him. He's shared that with His disciples, though they will not fully understand until Jesus' resurrection. He is not blindsided by this group coming to the Garden. This is the reason He came, and this is the purpose for which He has come to carry out His work. Then Peter, who had a sword, drew it and struck the high priest, cutting off his right ear. Jesus tells Peter to put his sword away - and Jesus says, Shall I not drink the cup the Father has given Me?" Jesus knows what's coming and is willing to go through with it all because it is the Father's desire and the Son always obeys the Father. Pastor delves into the personality of Peter and how we will see him go from cutting off the ear of this man, to denying he knows Jesus, to going on to become a powerful evangelist. And yet Peter was flawed, we are all flawed individuals. The Lord still used Peter. He transformed Peter and He transforms us and this story is a reminder that Jesus uses us, too. As we return to our story we know Jesus is in control but He willingly allows His hands to be bound. Jesus is willing to go all the way to the cross for us. He is then taken to Annas, who was the father-in-law of Caiaphas, the high priest that year.  Pastor shares some info on the recent discovery of an ossuary, bone box, belonging to Caiaphas and also some other archeological discoveries including a palatial mansion that may possibly be one of the locations where Jesus was tried. Pastor also reads some fascinating information from Eusebius' History of the Church and puts together some interesting pieces of historical evidence to help bring light to all that John is telling us. Now our story moves into Peter's first denial of knowing Jesus. Followed by Peter's second and third denial of knowing Jesus. And then we read that at that very moment the rooster crowed. And Peter suddenly remembers what he has done and what Jesus had said. There is a contentious conversation, verses 19-24, "the high priest questioned Jesus about his disciples and his teaching. "I have spoken openly to the world," Jesus replied. "I always taught in synagogues or at the temple, where all the Jews come together. I said nothing in secret. Why question me? Ask those who heard me. Surely they know what I said." When Jesus said this, one of the officials nearby slapped him in the face. "Is this the way you answer the high priest?" he demanded. "If I said something wrong," Jesus replied, "testify as to what is wrong. But if I spoke the truth, why did you strike me?" Then Annas sent him bound to Caiaphas the high priest." From Caiaphas Jesus was taken to the palace of the Roman governor, Pontius Pilate. It is now early morning. Pastor shares the logistics of getting Jesus there and the possible location of the praetorium, the governor's house. Pastor shares on the map the possible locations of this home. Jesus is brought before Pilate in verse 29 and Pilate asks what charges are being brought against Jesus, thus opening a court proceeding. Pastor shares interesting historical information about Jewish executions (stoning to death) and Roman executions (crucifixion), and what they were like. He shares the history of how the Romans, in the early first century, took away from the Jewish high priests and from the Sanhedrin, the right to convict and punish in capital cases and how the Romans demanded that they be the ones to carry that out. So this is why Jesus was crucified, and not stoned. Pilate then begins his questioning of Jesus and they have an in-depth conversation during which Jesus says, "The reason I was born and came into the world is to testify to the truth. Everyone on the side of truth listens to me."  Pilate replies, "What is truth?"  We live in a society where people are still asking that same question. And the answer is still the same. Jesus is Truth. The truth sets us free! Our website – https://www.awakeusnow.com Watch the video from our website! https://www.awakeusnow.com/2-year-study-of-the-gospels-upper Watch the video from our YouTube Channel!! https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTaaqrC3dMOzMkhPyiNWwlJRpV6Bwpu01     ⁃    The Gospel of John study is part five of five of our Two Year Study of the Gospels.      ⁃    The Gospel of John may be one of the most powerful books ever written. Many people have come to faith after reading only this book of the Bible.  Scholarly and archeological discoveries in recent decades give us new insight on details in the Gospel of John. We can now understand it as the most Jewish rather than the most "Gentile/Greek" of the Gospels, and when we do that we see many things that we missed before. Our 2 year study of the gospels is great for large group, small group or home group study and can be started at any time!

 The Post Nicene Church FathersThis engaging podcast episode features Dr. Rachel Chen and Bishop Andy Lewter exploring the profound contributions of seven pivotal Post-Nicene Church Fathers who shaped early Christianity following the Council of Nicaea in 325 AD. The conversation illuminates how Athanasius defended Nicene orthodoxy against Arianism through multiple exiles, how John Chrysostom's "golden mouth" combined powerful preaching with fearless advocacy for the poor, and how Jerome's Vulgate translation became the standard Latin Bible for over a millennium. The discussion highlights Ambrose of Milan's remarkable journey from unbaptized governor to influential bishop who challenged imperial power, Basil the Great's theological refinement of Trinitarian doctrine alongside his pioneering social welfare work, Eusebius's invaluable preservation of early church history despite his theological ambiguities, and Augustine of Hippo's towering intellectual legacy encompassing everything from spiritual autobiography to political theology and the doctrine of grace. Throughout the conversation, both scholars emphasize how these diverse figures—fighter, preacher, scholar, statesman, organizer, historian, and philosopher—collectively transformed Christianity from a persecuted minority into a dominant religious and intellectual force while acknowledging their human flaws and the ongoing relevance of their insights for contemporary Christian faith and practice.

A native of Thessalonica, he rose from secretary to Alexander, Patriarch of Constantinople (commemorated August 30), to deacon, then succeeded St Alexander as Patriarch around 337. For his virtue and his zeal for Orthodoxy he was hated by the Arians, who were still powerful in the Empire. The Arian Emperor Constantius, learning of Paul's election, exiled him and made the Arian Eusebius Patriarch in his place. St Paul went to Rome, where he joined St Athanasius the Great in exile. Furnished with letters from Pope Julius, he was able to ascend the Patriarchal throne once again upon the death of Eusebius. But once again the Arians were able to put one of their party on the Patriarchal throne: Macedonius, who even went beyond the Arian heresy and denied the divinity of the Holy Spirit. Once again the legitimate, Orthodox Patriarch found himself in exile in Rome. In succeeding years St Paul stood firm for Orthodoxy while complex political and military intrigues swirled around him, with the Orthodox Constans, Emperor of the West (and Constantius' brother) supporting him while Constantius continued to oppose him. For a time Constans was able to enforce Paul's place on the Patriarchal throne, but when he died, Constantius banished St Paul to Cucusus on the Black Sea. There, while he was celebrating the Divine Liturgy in the house where he was kept prisoner, the Arians strangled him with his own omophorion. His relics were brought back to Constantinople by the Emperor Theodosius the Great.

A native of Thessalonica, he rose from secretary to Alexander, Patriarch of Constantinople (commemorated August 30), to deacon, then succeeded St Alexander as Patriarch around 337. For his virtue and his zeal for Orthodoxy he was hated by the Arians, who were still powerful in the Empire. The Arian Emperor Constantius, learning of Paul's election, exiled him and made the Arian Eusebius Patriarch in his place. St Paul went to Rome, where he joined St Athanasius the Great in exile. Furnished with letters from Pope Julius, he was able to ascend the Patriarchal throne once again upon the death of Eusebius. But once again the Arians were able to put one of their party on the Patriarchal throne: Macedonius, who even went beyond the Arian heresy and denied the divinity of the Holy Spirit. Once again the legitimate, Orthodox Patriarch found himself in exile in Rome. In succeeding years St Paul stood firm for Orthodoxy while complex political and military intrigues swirled around him, with the Orthodox Constans, Emperor of the West (and Constantius' brother) supporting him while Constantius continued to oppose him. For a time Constans was able to enforce Paul's place on the Patriarchal throne, but when he died, Constantius banished St Paul to Cucusus on the Black Sea. There, while he was celebrating the Divine Liturgy in the house where he was kept prisoner, the Arians strangled him with his own omophorion. His relics were brought back to Constantinople by the Emperor Theodosius the Great.

Thursday of the 30th Week in Ordinary Time Saint of the Day: St. Serapion of Antioch; much praised by St. Jerome and Eusebius of Caesarea for his theological writings, and he was considered one of the chief theologians of his era; he became bishop of Antioch, Syria, in 190, and. was revered as a theologian; only fragments of his work have survived; among the extant writings are a letter to the Church of Rhossus forbidding the reading of the non-canonical Gospel of St. Peter and a letter against the heresy of Montanism—which held that its leaders were not just messengers of God, but “possessed” by God; St. Serapion died in 211 Office of Readings and Morning Prayer for 10/30/25 Gospel: Luke 13:31-35

Send us a textvelcome to Celebrate Creativity - episode 488 - in her voices. The opening bars to this podcast episode are from Robert schumann's troy mu ri - a word that means dreamingAnd today    ve speak vith the ghost of Robert Schumann—a man vhose music vas alive vith fire and reflection, vhose inner voices shaped every note. Step inside his vorld, if you dare.Nov before ve meet the ghost of or if you vill the spirit of - the great Robert Schumann, a quick note: you may hear me speak of his tvo sides—Florestan, fiery and bold, and Eusebius, dreamy and reflective. But don't be misled—Schumann definitely did not have multiple personalities -  at least until his final years. Florestan and Eusebius vere his artistic alter-egos, vays to explore contrasting emotions in music and vriting. Think of them as characters living inside his imagination, giving voice to the fire and the reflection that shaped his art.”  But enough of that for nov …Support the showThank you for experiencing Celebrate Creativity.

Finish Faithful - https://finishfaithful.org/ @finishfaithful7807  In this episode, my father, Jeff Tideman, and I discuss our spiritual journeys and the complex world of Christian eschatology. We explore Jeff's religious history, including his experience with The Way International, the early church's premillennial beliefs, and the fascinating history of how the doctrine of the "rapture" developed later in the 19th century. The conversation ultimately centers on the nature of the Kingdom of God—whether it is a purely spiritual reality "within you" or a future, literal, geopolitical restoration of Israel and the earth, and why understanding this is crucial for believers today.We mention The Way International, Dr. Victor Paul Wierwille, John Nelson Darby, Dr. E. W. Bullinger, Cyrus Ingerson Scofield, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus of Lyon, Papias of Hierapolis, Hippolytus of Rome, Tertullian, Origen of Alexandria, Clement of Alexandria, Eusebius of Caesarea, Athanasius of Alexandria, Julian the Apostate, Chuck Lamatina, Sir Anthony Buzzard, Sean Finnegan. @restitutio8765  , Dr. Beau Branson, Will Barlow. @compasschurchlou  , Antichrist, Eschatology, Kingdom of God, Dispensationalism, Covenant Theology, Premillennialism, Amillennialism, Preterism, Chiliasm, Supersessionism, The Rapture, Pre-Tribulation Rapture, Pre-Wrath Rapture, Zionism and more.

Where should someone start studying church history? Many people jump straight to Augustine, the Creeds, or the Councils — but the real starting point is with Eusebius of Caesarea, the first great historian of the Church.In this episode of The FACTS Podcast with Dr. Stephen Boyce, we explore: • Who Eusebius was and why he matters. • How his Ecclesiastical History preserves documents we would otherwise have lost. • Why he gives the best “map” of Christianity from the apostles to Constantine. • How to read him critically, seeing both his strengths and biases. • A recommended pathway for continuing after Eusebius with the Apostolic Fathers, Apologists, and Nicene defenders.If you've ever asked, “Where should I begin my study of church history?” — this is the episode for you.

Have you ever wondered if the Book of Revelation has been misunderstood for generations—or if we've been reading it with the wrong lens altogether? In this engaging episode of Seek Go Create, Tim Winders sits down with Revelation scholar and author Leo De Siqueira to challenge fear-based interpretations and explore the true context of Revelation. Together, they unpack the clash of covenants, the pivotal events of the first century, and why understanding early church history could transform how you see the Bible's most mysterious book. If you've felt intimidated, confused, or even disillusioned by Revelation, this episode will open your eyes to a hopeful and restorative message hiding in plain sight."It's unfair to just dissect a book of the Bible and argue to defend it—there's a huge narrative in play with a lot of mystery." - Leo De Siqueira Access all show and episode resources HEREAbout Our Guest:Leo De Siqueira is a theologian, linguist, and author recognized for his deep scholarship on the Book of Revelation. Approaching scripture through the lens of Aramaic—the language of Jesus—and situating his interpretations in first-century historical context, Leo uncovers a hopeful and victorious message that challenges traditional, fear-based readings of Revelation. With four books to his name, including a detailed series on Revelation, Leo's work is extensively researched and footnoted, blending academic rigor with accessibility. His insights offer listeners a fresh perspective grounded in history, original language, and a broad understanding of God's restorative narrative.Reasons to Listen: Discover a Fresh Perspective on Revelation: Leo De Siqueira unpacks the historical and cultural context of the first century, challenging the fear-based interpretations many grew up with and revealing a more hopeful, restorative message.Unravel Overlapping Covenants: Learn about the fascinating 40-year period when both the Mosaic and New Covenants were active—an insight that completely reshapes how we understand biblical prophecy and the New Testament's urgency.Get Real Answers with Historical Evidence: The episode dives deep into overlooked historical facts, including firsthand accounts (like Josephus) of the destruction of Jerusalem, and connects them to prophecies—raising new questions about what Revelation really meant to its original audience.Episode Resources & Action Steps:Sure! Here are the resources and action steps mentioned during this episode of Seek Go Create with Leo De Siqueira:Resources Mentioned:Books by Leo De Siqueira: Specifically, “Revelation: Dawn of This Age” (the first book in his Revelation series). Tim also refers to Leo's other books that explore early church history and the historical context of Revelation.Book: "Rethinking the Dates of the New Testament" by Jonathan Bernier: This book is directly mentioned as a valuable resource for understanding the early dating of New Testament writings and is recommended by both Leo and Tim.Writings of Early Church Historians & FathersJosephus' historical accounts (especially surrounding the events of AD 70), Eusebius' "Church Histories"General encouragement to look at early church fathers (disciples of the disciples) for a clearer message on early Christianity.Action Steps for Listeners:Reframe How You Approach Revelation: Start...

When the Lamb opens the seventh seal in Revelation 8, heaven falls silent before seven trumpet judgments shake the natural world. Are these visions mere metaphors—or literal, world-changing events? Steve Wood explains the biblical and historical background of the trumpet blasts, drawing from Joshua 6, ancient Jewish tradition about the seven archangels, and the prayers of the martyrs in Revelation 6. He also shares insights from St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas, Eusebius, and Archbishop Fulton Sheen on real cosmic and geological upheavals that may foreshadow the end times. For resources mentioned by Steve on the podcast, visit us online at www.BibleforCatholics.com.

Full Text of ReadingsSaturday of the Seventeenth Week in Ordinary Time Lectionary: 406The Saint of the day is Saint Eusebius of VercelliSaint Eusebius of Vercelli’s Story Someone has said that if there had been no Arian heresy denying Christ's divinity, it would be very difficult to write the lives of many early saints. Eusebius is another of the defenders of the Church during one of its most trying periods. Born on the isle of Sardinia, he became a member of the Roman clergy, and is the first recorded bishop of Vercelli in Piedmont in northwest Italy. Eusebius was also the first to link the monastic life with that of the clergy, establishing a community of his diocesan clergy on the principle that the best way to sanctify his people was to have them see a clergy formed in solid virtue and living in community. He was sent by Pope Liberius to persuade the emperor to call a council to settle Catholic-Arian troubles. When it was called at Milan, Eusebius went reluctantly, sensing that the Arian block would have its way, although the Catholics were more numerous. He refused to go along with the condemnation of Saint Athanasius; instead, he laid the Nicene Creed on the table and insisted that all sign it before taking up any other matter. The emperor put pressure on him, but Eusebius insisted on Athanasius' innocence and reminded the emperor that secular force should not be used to influence Church decisions. At first the emperor threatened to kill him, but later sent him into exile in Palestine. There the Arians dragged him through the streets and shut him up in a little room, releasing him only after his four-day hunger strike. They resumed their harassment shortly after. His exile continued in Asia Minor and Egypt, until the new emperor permitted him to be welcomed back to his see in Vercelli. Eusebius attended the Council of Alexandria with Athanasius and approved the leniency shown to bishops who had wavered. He also worked with Saint Hilary of Poitiers against the Arians. Eusebius died peacefully in his own diocese at what was then considered an advanced age. Reflection Catholics in the U.S. have sometimes felt penalized by an unwarranted interpretation of the principle of separation of Church and state, especially in the matter of Catholic schools. Be that as it may, the Church is happily free today from the tremendous pressure put on it after it became an “established” Church under Constantine. We are happily rid of such things as a pope asking an emperor to call a Church council, Pope John I being sent by the emperor to negotiate in the East, or the pressure of kings on papal elections. The Church cannot be a prophet if it's in someone's pocket. Saint of the Day, Copyright Franciscan Media

Saturday of the 17th Week in Ordinary Time Optional Memorial of St. Eusebius of Vercelli, 300-371; refused to consent to the Arian condemnation of St. Athanasius; the emperor exiled him to Palestine, and then to Asia Minor and Egypt; a new emperor allowed him to return to Vercelli, where he was the bishop; died peacefully in his own diocese at what was then considered to be an advanced age Office of Readings and Morning Prayer for 8/2/25 Gospel: Matthew 14:1-12

When asked to define the word “faith,” the majority of Christians polled at a variety of Christian events and gatherings described it a “blind leap.” But is this idea taught anywhere in the Bible? On this episode of The Humble Skeptic, Shane examines the arguments and passages that some Christians use in support of blind faith. This is Humble Skeptic episode #3 which was originally released on Nov. 22, 2022.SPECIAL OFFER: What is Faith?This 20-page PDF resource by Shane Rosenthal walks through many of the issues covered on this episode, and includes all the supporting documentation in case you'd like to research things further yourself. We'll send you a link to download this PDF when you upgrade to a paid subscription or make a gift of any size. Click here for more info.SHOW NOTESRecommended ArticlesDoes Hebrews 11:1 Teach Blind Faith?, Shane RosenthalWhy Should We Believe the Bible?, Shane RosenthalBe a Berean!, Shane RosenthalOn Faith & Doubt, Shane RosenthalHow to Detect Deception, Shane RosenthalIs My Dad Mentioned in Billy Joel's “Piano Man”?, Shane RosenthalRecommended EpisodesIs Faith Irrational? Humble Skeptic #2Faith & Proof, Humble Skeptic #7Proof of the Gospel, Humble Skeptic #8Greg Koukl on Blind Faith, Humble Skeptic #18Faith Founded on Facts, Humble Skeptic #15Are The Gospels History or Fiction? Humble Skeptic #52Dealing with Doubt, Humble Skeptic #19The Pilot Episode, Humble Skeptic #1 (The Billy Joel episode)Recommended BooksFaith is Not Wishing, Greg KouklReligion on Trial, Craig PartonTestimonies to the Truth, Lydia McGrewCan We Trust The Gospels? Peter J. WilliamsIs Jesus History? John DicksonA Doubter's Guide to Jesus, John DicksonProof of The Gospel, Eusebius of CaesareaLuke's Key Witness, Shane RosenthalWe Need Your Help!Consider supporting The Humble Skeptic podcast by making a one-time gift or by upgrading to a paid subscription via Substack ($5.95 per month, $59 per year). Use the button below for more information about giving options.Books Currently For Sale in Our New & Used Bookstore Every purchase helps to support this podcast. We'll even throw in a Humble Skeptic coaster with every purchase!Redating the New Testament, John A.T. Robinson • $45From Joshua To Caiaphas: High Priests After the Exile, James C. VanderKam • $50The Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia in their Local Setting, Colin J. Hemer • $40The Deconstruction of Christianity, Alisa Childers & Tim Barnett • $24The Great De-Churching, Jim Davis & Michael Graham • $20Click one of the links above to get more info about a book or to purchase via Ebay. Click here for additional books, including a complete set of the New International Commentary on the New Testament (NICNT) by Eerdmans, featuring respected scholars such as F.F. Bruce, Leon Morris, Philip Hughes, Herman Ridderbos, and others.LIMITED TIME OFFER — U.S. Residents Only!$675 • The Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture (30 Vol. Set)This softcover set retails for over $1,500, but for a limited time we'll send you a brand new boxed set for a gift of $675 or more to help support the work of The Humble Skeptic (this donation is not tax-deductible). I frequently use this set for my own research and study. The Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture published by IVP promotes a vital link between the varied Christian traditions of today and our common ancient ancestors in the faith. "The initial cry of the Reformation was ad fontes--back to the sources! The Ancient Christian Commentary Series is a marvelous tool for the recovery of biblical wisdom in today's church. Not just another scholarly project, the ACCS is a major source for the renewal of preaching, theology and Christian devotion." — Timothy George"Contemporary pastors do not stand alone. We are not the first generation of preachers to wrestle with the challenges of communicating the gospel. The Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture puts us in conversation with our colleagues from the past, that great cloud of witnesses who preceded us in this vocation. This commentary enables us to receive their deep spiritual insights, their encouragement, and guidance for present-day interpretation and preaching of the Word." — William Willimon Get full access to The Humble Skeptic at www.humbleskeptic.com/subscribe

ABOUT THE EPISODEListen in as David Schrock and Stephen Wellum interview Bryan Litfin on his Christ Over All essay: "From Nicaea to the “Nicene Creed”: Sixty Years of Confusion and Controversy"Timestamps00:48 – Intro04:15 – Introducing Dr. Litfin's Book on the Trinity05:30 – What Has Helped Dr. Litfin to be a Good Storyteller?07:18 – What Is10:44 – Why Does the History Around the Nicene Creed Matter?13:08 – Did the Council of Nicaea Anticipate the Fight that was Going to Come?15:10 – The Legend of Saint Nicholas17:13 – The Demise of Arius19:35 – How Did Athanasius Become a Main Figure in the Fight for Orthodoxy?24:38 – Athanasius' Two Volumes Against the Arians26:25 – The Different Theological Groups Around the Time of Nicaea30:26 – How Athanasius Made His Arguments32:20 – History of the Political Influence Between 325-38134:24 – The Cappadocians37:56 – Why Was There Less Participation in the Time of Theodosius?39:57 – What Changes Took Place in the Statements Between 325 and 381?42:38 – Why Was There Not as Much Said about the Holy Spirit?48:14 – The Pneumatomachians50:27 – What Conception Did They Have in Terms of the Spirit's Saving Power?53:08 – The Nicene Fathers' Understanding of the Church and Baptism56:08 – Should We Go Back to the Apostolic Fathers to Clarify Our Doctrine?1:00:57 – A Trinitarian Approach to the Gospel1:03:57 – The Trinity and Salvation1:06:21 – OutroResources to Click“From Nicaea to the “Nicene Creed”: Sixty Years of Confusion and Controversy” – Bryan Litfincom – Bryan LitfinRufinus of Aquileia: Historia Ecclesiastical, Book 10, chs. 1-6 (Excerpt on the First Council of Nicaea)Letter of Eusebius of Nicomedia and Theognis of Nicaea to a Council – Fourth Century ChristianityThe Death of Arius (Post Nicene Fathers Excerpt) – Philip SchaffThe Dialogue Against the Luciferians – Jerome; Philip SchaffThe Nicene Creed – Book of Common PrayerTheme of the Month: The Nicene Creed: 1700 Years of HomoousiosGive to Support the WorkBooks to ReadThe Story of the Trinity: Controversy, Crisis, and the Creation of the Nicene Creed – Bryan LitfinThe Church History of Rufinus of Aquileia: books 10 and 11 – Rufinus of Aquilea trans. Philip R. AmidonThe Theodosian Code and Novels and the Sirmondian Constitutions – Clyde Pharr

In this sermon we talk about hope by asking the question of which direction you are looking. Are you looking backwards in hopes of returning to a lost perfection or forwards in hopes of becoming what God made us for? We talk about hope in action (stories about Eusebius, Saint Francis, and Maximillian Kolbe) as we await the coming day of the Lord.

While we're taking a short summer break, we've decided to re-release some of our favorite episodes, starting with the first program in our series on “faith.” Many people today claim that faith is “believing in things without evidence,” but is this really the case? On this episode of The Humble Skeptic, we'll take a deep dive into the true definition of faith. This episode was originally released on Nov. 15, 2022.SPECIAL OFFER: What is Faith?, by Shane RosenthalThis 20-page PDF document walks through many of the issues covered on this episode, and includes all the supporting documentation in case you'd like to research things further yourself. We'll send you a link to download this PDF when you upgrade to a paid subscription or make a gift of any size. Click here for more info.SHOW NOTESRelated ArticlesWhat is Faith? Shane Rosenthal (20-page PDF)Faith Is Not Wishing, Greg KouklDon't Take a Leap of Faith, Greg KouklOn Faith & Doubt, Shane RosenthalHow to Detect Deception, Shane RosenthalWhy Should We Believe the Bible?, Shane RosenthalWhat Can We Know About Jesus from History? Shane RosenthalOn Faith & History, Shane RosenthalIs My Dad Mentioned in Billy Joel's “Piano Man”?, Shane RosenthalRecommended BooksFaith is Not Wishing, Greg KouklReligion on Trial, Craig PartonTestimonies to the Truth, Lydia McGrewCan We Trust The Gospels? Peter J. WilliamsIs Jesus History? John DicksonA Doubter's Guide to Jesus, John DicksonProof of The Gospel, Eusebius of CaesareaLuke's Key Witness, Shane RosenthalRelated AudioThe Pilot Episode, Humble Skeptic #1 (The Billy Joel episode)Greg Koukl on Blind Faith, Humble Skeptic #18Dealing with Doubt, Humble Skeptic #19Are the Gospels History? Humble Skeptic #52 with John DicksonFaith Founded on Facts, Humble Skeptic #15 with John Lennox and othersThe Jesus of History, Humble Skeptic #12 Why Should We Trust the Bible? Humble Skeptic #39 with Mike FarleyEvidence & Faith (Pt. 1), (Pt. 2), (Pt. 3), (Pt. 4)Below is the Google Ngram chart referenced on this episode. This tool charts the occurrence of words or phrases in all the scanned books that Google has in its database. The graph below illustrates the fact that the phrases “blind faith” and “leap of faith,” came to prominence in the 19th and 20th centuries. Get full access to The Humble Skeptic at www.humbleskeptic.com/subscribe

It is often argued that the early church did not teach penal substitutionary atonement, but rather taught Christus Victor. Dean Taylor argues that penal substitutionary atonement thinking was present in the texts of early Christian writers such as Origen, Eusebius, and Chrysostom alongside Christus Victor teachings. Dean believes that Anabaptists have misunderstood the early church position on the atonement. He makes a case that the early church taught penal substitutionary atonement.Christus Victor by Gustaf Aulén: The Nonviolent Atonement by J. Denny Weaver: Origen: Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, Books 1-5: ****Commentary on Isaiah by Eusebius of CaesareaThis is the 277th episode of Anabaptist Perspectives, a podcast, blog, and YouTube channel that examines various aspects of conservative Anabaptist life and thought.Sign-up for our monthly email newsletter which contains new and featured content!Join us on Patreon or become a website partner to enjoy bonus content!Visit our YouTube channel or connect on Facebook.Read essays from our blog or listen to them on our podcast, Essays for King JesusSubscribe on your podcast provider of choiceSupport us or learn more at anabaptistperspectives.org.The views expressed by our guests are solely their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of Anabaptist Perspectives or Wellspring Mennonite Church.

ABOUT THE EPISODEThis is the story of how the heresy of Arianism almost become the official doctrine of the early church, and the story of a few brave men who stood in the way. Resources to Click“From Nicaea to the “Nicene Creed”: Sixty Years of Confusion and Controversy” – Bryan Litfincom – Bryan LitfinRufinus of Aquileia: Historia Ecclesiastical, Book 10, chs. 1-6 (Excerpt on the First Council of Nicaea)Letter of Eusebius of Nicomedia and Theognis of Nicaea to a Council – Fourth Century ChristianityThe Death of Arius (Post Nicene Fathers Excerpt) – Philip SchaffThe Dialogue Against the Luciferians – Jerome; Philip SchaffThe Nicene Creed – Book of Common PrayerTheme of the Month: The Nicene Creed: 1700 Years of HomoousiosGive to Support the WorkBooks to ReadThe Story of the Trinity: Controversy, Crisis, and the Creation of the Nicene Creed – Bryan LitfinThe Church History of Rufinus of Aquileia: books 10 and 11 – Rufinus of Aquilea trans. Philip R. AmidonThe Theodosian Code and Novels and the Sirmondian Constitutions – Clyde Pharr

In part 2 of our series on the 21 Ecumenical Church Councils, Justin Hibbard discusses some of the challenges in the early church particularly in the third to early fourth centuries that led to the Council of Nicaea. Why was an ecumenical church council really only possible in the early fourth century? What were some of the key places, people, and events that led to the church desperately needing to meet in order to keep the Church (and the Roman Empire) from splitting apart?HOW TO SUPPORT THIS PODCAST* Become a free subscriber or a patron of Why Catholic? and get the next episode and a discount code to the Why Catholic Etsy shop in your email inbox.* Check out the Why Catholic Etsy shop (all proceeds support this podcast).* Invite Justin to speak at your next event. Inquire at whycatholic@substack.com.SOCIAL LINKS* Follow Why Catholic on Instagram.* Subscribe to Why Catholic on YouTube.KEY TERMS TO REMEMBER:* Lapsi - Those Christians who lapsed during the Roman persecution by renouncing their faith. * Antioch (Syria) & Alexandria (Egypt) - Major metropolitan sees of Christianity.* Paul of Samosata - Bishop of Antioch from 260-268, influential in unitarian theology. * Unitarianism - Overarching heterodox belief that there is one God in one single person. Other persons like Jesus or the Holy Spirit are not divine.* Trinitarianism - Orthodox theological position that there is one God in three persons - Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.* Arianism - Heterodox unitarian theology promoted by Arius that claimed that Jesus was created by God. * Arius - Founder of the major heresy of Arianism. Originally from Libya, studied in Antioch, and was ordained (and then excommunicated) in Alexandria.* Melitius of Lycopolis - Bishop of Lycopolis (Egypt) that performed unauthorized ordinations in the See of Alexandria, including ordaining Arius to the Diaconate.* Constantine the Great - Conquered the Roman Empire in 312 and became the first Roman Emperor who was an ally of Christianity. * Edict of Milan - Document issued by Constantine in 313 that legalized the practice of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire. * Eusebius of Nicomedia - Bishop of Nicomedia who was a major advisor in Constantine's court and aggressively promoted Arianism. * Hosius of Córdoba - Influential Latin-speaking bishop from modern day Spain who who as an advisor to Constantine. SOURCES:* The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly* History of the Popes Podcast (Beginning with Episode 27)* First Council of Nicaea | Church Councils Explained (Part 1)* Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils* Church History by Eusebius* Timeline of the Roman Emperors* Chi Rho Symbol* Constantine the Great* Roman Empire Under Constantine* Thalia by Arius Get full access to Why Catholic? at whycatholic.substack.com/subscribe

ABOUT THE EPISODE Listen in as David Schrock and Stephen Wellum interview Donald Fairbairn on his Christ Over All essay: "Creeds and the Gospel: From the Beginnings to the Council of Nicaea (325)"Timestamps00:23 – Intro03:23 – Misconceptions about Creeds & Confessions06:15 – Responding to The Restorationist Movement09:50 – We Are Influenced by Something as We Read Scripture12:49 – The Authorities of Scripture and Tradition in Systematic Theology16:24 – Dr. Fairbairn's Interest in Church History & the Patristics18:54 – The History Up to 325A.D.24:09 – The Holy Spirit in the Nicene Creed28:50 – Denials of Arianism31:55 – The Political Background to the Creed38:37 – Eusebius' Exaggeration of Constantine41:37 – The Article on the Father46:12 – Language of the Son being ‘Of' or ‘From' the Father51:43 – The Arian Moral Exemplar View56:24 – Nicene Cosmology59:33 – Final Thoughts1:01:28 - OutroResources to Click“Creeds and the Gospel: From the Beginnings to the Council of Nicaea” – Donald Fairbairn30 Kyle Claunch, David Schrock, Stephen Wellum • Interview • “God the Father: Namesake of all Fatherhood” – Christ Over AllTheme of the Month: The Nicene Creed: 1700 Years of HomoousiosGive to Support the WorkBooks to ReadThe Story of Creeds and Confessions: Tracing the Development of the Christian Faith – Donald Fairbairn and Ryan M. ReevesLetter to Alexander of Alexandria in The Trinitarian Controversy (Sources of Early Christian Thought) – ed. William G. RuschDefense of the Nicene Definition – AthanasiusThe History of the Church: From Christ to Constantine - Eusebius

“What Is the Origin of the Hail Mary Prayer in Catholicism?” Join Colin Donavan as he explores the roots of this beloved prayer, along with intriguing questions about the letter from Jesus King to Abgar and the nature of free will in relation to Eve and Mary. Join The CA Live Club Newsletter: Click Here Invite our apologists to speak at your parish! Visit Catholicanswersspeakers.com Questions Covered: 04:19 – What do we make of the letter from Jesus to King Abgar as recorded in Eusebius' Church History? 07:02 – There was a supposedly leaked document from the Vatican about the TLM and it claims that the reasons why it was banned were fabricated. What do we know about that? 16:12 – Where did the prayer of the Hail Mary come from since it’s not in the bible? 24:37 – Did Eve have free will? If she did and didn't fall, would we have had Mary? 41:52 – Did Pope Francis change church doctrine on capital punishment?

Saint Bartholomew was one of the Twelve Apostles, a Galilean; the Gospel accounts say little more about him. It is said that, after receiving the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, he traveled in the service of the Gospel to Arabia and Persia, and brought to India a translation of the Gospel according to Matthew. Eusebius writes that one hundred years later Pantaenus, an illustrious Alexandrian scholar, found this gospel when he traveled in India. By most accounts Bartholomew ended his life in Armenia, where he met his martyrdom by crucifixion. According to many, he and Nathaniel are the same person: the Gospel accounts that speak of Bartholomew do not mention Nathaniel; and St John's Gospel,which mentions Nathanael as one of the Twelve, does not mention Bartholomew. But according to the Greek Synaxarion, Bartholomew and Simon the Zealot are one and the same.   Saint Barnabas was one of the Seventy, from Cyprus, a Levite and at one time a fellow-student with St Paul under Gamaliel. After Christ's Ascension, he led the Seventy until the Apostle Paul's conversion. He is mentioned often in the Acts of the Apostles, which describes some of his travels as a companion of St Paul. By all accounts, he was the first to preach the Gospel of Christ in Rome and in Milan. His wonder-working relics were discovered on the island of Cyprus in the time of the Emperor Zeno; on this basis the Church of Cyprus was established as an independent Church, since it had an apostolic foundation.

Saint Bartholomew was one of the Twelve Apostles, a Galilean; the Gospel accounts say little more about him. It is said that, after receiving the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, he traveled in the service of the Gospel to Arabia and Persia, and brought to India a translation of the Gospel according to Matthew. Eusebius writes that one hundred years later Pantaenus, an illustrious Alexandrian scholar, found this gospel when he traveled in India. By most accounts Bartholomew ended his life in Armenia, where he met his martyrdom by crucifixion. According to many, he and Nathaniel are the same person: the Gospel accounts that speak of Bartholomew do not mention Nathaniel; and St John's Gospel,which mentions Nathanael as one of the Twelve, does not mention Bartholomew. But according to the Greek Synaxarion, Bartholomew and Simon the Zealot are one and the same.   Saint Barnabas was one of the Seventy, from Cyprus, a Levite and at one time a fellow-student with St Paul under Gamaliel. After Christ's Ascension, he led the Seventy until the Apostle Paul's conversion. He is mentioned often in the Acts of the Apostles, which describes some of his travels as a companion of St Paul. By all accounts, he was the first to preach the Gospel of Christ in Rome and in Milan. His wonder-working relics were discovered on the island of Cyprus in the time of the Emperor Zeno; on this basis the Church of Cyprus was established as an independent Church, since it had an apostolic foundation.

Welcome to Day 2641 of Wisdom-Trek, and thank you for joining me. This is Guthrie Chamberlain, Your Guide to Wisdom – Theology Thursday – “Constantine, Conspiracy, and the Canon” –  I Dare You Not To Bore Me With The Bible. Wisdom-Trek Podcast Script - Day 2641 Welcome to Wisdom-Trek with Gramps! I am Guthrie Chamberlain, and we are on Day 2641 of our Trek. The Purpose of Wisdom-Trek is to create a legacy of wisdom, to seek out discernment and insights, and to boldly grow where few have chosen to grow before. Today is the 58th lesson in our segment, Theology Thursday. Utilizing excerpts from a book titled: I Dare You Not To Bore Me With The Bible written by Hebrew Bible scholar and professor the late Dr. Michael S Heiser, we will invest a couple of years going through the entire Bible, exploring short Biblical lessons that you may not have received in Bible classes or Church. The Bible is a wonderful book. Its pages reveal the epic story of God's redemption of humankind and the long, bitter conflict against evil. Yet it's also a book that seems strange to us. While God's Word was written for us, it wasn't written to us. Today's lesson is: “Constantine, Conspiracy, and the Canon.” Dan Brown's best-selling conspiratorial thriller The Da Vinci Code seems like ancient history now. At its peak of popularity, the novel set records both for sales and for irritating scholars with its view that Jesus and the 12 apostles held to gnostic heresies. The book's bizarre plot focuses on Jesus' bloodline extending through a child born by Mary Magdalene. Within that narrative. Brown asserts that the New Testament canon was determined by the Roman Emperor Constantine—who was not friendly to gnostic Christianity—at a time much later (fourth century AD) than any New Testament scholar would endorse. Unfortunately, this myth has since taken on a life of its own. The notion that Constantine decided which books should constitute the New Testament springs from the ancient Life of Constantine by Eusebius of Caesarea (AD 263-339). Eusebius reports that in a letter written in AD 331, the emperor instructed him to ... order fifty copies of the sacred Scriptures, the provision and use of which you know to be most needful for the instruction of the Church, to be written on prepared parchment in a legible manner, and in a convenient, portable form, by professional transcribers thoroughly practised in their art. This same Constantine had earlier convened the Council of Nicea (AD 325), famous for its focus on the full deity of Christ against Arianism, which taught that Jesus was a created being. Brown carelessly conflated the two events in The Da Vinci Code to put forth the preposterous idea that Constantine had decided at Nicea which books belonged in the New Testament. But can we be sure this didn't happen? And if not, what exactly did Constantine demand in this letter? We can be certain that the Council of Nicea did not determine the books of the New Testament at Constantine's request. The date of Eusebius' correspondence tells us that Nicea did not consider the issue of the canon. Today, anyone can read the 20 decisions rendered at Nicea (coincidentally called “canons”).- None of them concerns the New Testament Scriptures. In addition, accounts of what happened at Nicea were described by several early church historians and theologians who lived at the time of the event or shortly thereafter. Their testimony is unanimous in opposition to the idea that Constantine...

On this episode Shane discusses a number of scenes from the book of Exodus and shows how they point to Christ and his ultimate redemptive mission. Jesus is the lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world, the bread of life, the living water, the light of the world, and the good shepherd who lays down his life for the sheep.SHOW NOTESArticlesFinding Christ in All of Scripture, Shane RosenthalNew Life in the New Year: The Story of Exodus, Shane RosenthalPassover, The Last Supper & The Day of Crucifixion, Shane RosenthalWhere Was Jesus Crucified?, Shane RosenthalConsidering Alternatives to the Resurrection, Shane RosenthalBart Ehrman on Jesus & The Claim of Resurrection, Shane RosenthalDid Palm Trees Grow in Jerusalem at the Time of Jesus? Shane RosenthalSimon of Cyrene: An Intriguing Archaeological Discovery, Shane RosenthalThe Date of John's Gospel: Are We Witnessing a Paradigm Shift? Shane RosenthalJoanna: Luke's Key Witness? Shane RosenthalBookesEchoes of Exodus: Tracing the Theme of Redemption, Roberts & WilsonThe Angel of the Lord, Matt Foreman & Doug Van DornChrist in All of Scripture (5 Book Series), Foreman & Van DornThe Lamb of God: Seeing Jesus in Exodus, Nancy GuthrieJesus in the Old Testament, Iain DuguidJourneys with Jesus, Dennis JohnsonThe Surprising Genius of Jesus, Peter J. WilliamsThe Jewish Gospels, Daniel BoyarinThe Jewish Targums & John's Logos Theology, John RonningA Handbook on the Jewish Roots of the Christian Faith, Craig EvansA Handbook on the Jewish Roots of the Gospels, Craig EvansProof of the Gospel, Eusebius of CaesareaAudioThe Angel of Yahweh, Humble Skeptic. #70 with Foreman & Van DornThe Sinai Inscriptions, Humble Skeptic #71 with Michael S. Bar-RonDid The Exodus Ever Happen? Humble Skeptic #69 with David RohlJacob's Ladder, Humble Skeptic #63 with Richard Bauckham and othersBabylon, Humble Skeptic Episode #66 Decoding the Prophecies of Daniel, Humble Skeptic #68 How to Read & Apply the Old Testament, WHI #1568 with Iain DuguidWere Jews Expecting a Suffering Messiah? Shane RosenthalJewish Views of the Messiah, with Daniel BoyariinStories of Jesus: Can We Trust Them? with Peter J. WilliamsThe Jesus of History & The Gospel CreedLocating Golgotha, with David RohlVideoThe Tools & Rules of History, with Gary Habermas, David McIlroy & Shane RosenthalOn November 8th, 2024, trial attorney Mark Lanier moderated this panel discussion at the Lanier Theological Library in Houston Texas. The forum was inspired by the release of two exhaustive volumes on the historicity of Jesus' Resurrection by Dr. Habermas: On The Resurrection Vol. 1: Evidences, and On The Resurrection Vol. 2: Refutations.Who Is Jesus? Bridging Diverse Voices, St. Louis, MO, April 24th.Shane Rosenthal and Michael McClymond will be defending the historic Christian view of Jesus at this Christian / Muslim conversation which will take place at St. Louis Community College Meramec (located at 11333 Big Bend Rd, in Kirkwood, MO). The purpose is to highlight some of the differences between Christian and Muslim perspectives related to Jesus' identity and mission and to take questions from students. This event is brought to you by St. Louis Community College in partnership with ReThink315. Click here for more info.Share with Friends & FamilyIf you're a fan of the show, please share with others and consider posting a link to this episode via your social media feed. Just copy the URL of this page, paste it into your feed, and write a few words. Also, consider writing a positive review of this podcast via the Apple Podcast app, or your preferred podcast portal. The more reviews we get, the more exposure we get! Thanks for your help!Make a One-Time Gift or Upgrade to a Paid SubscriptionConsider supporting The Humble Skeptic podcast by making a one-time gift or upgrading to a paid subscription via Substack ($5.95 per month, $59 per year). Tax-deductible giving options are also available. Click here for more information. Get full access to The Humble Skeptic at www.humbleskeptic.com/subscribe

According to Ex. 13:21, as the people of Israel made their way out of Egypt, we're told that Yahweh went before the people of Israel in a pillar of cloud and fire. What's odd, however, is that the next chapter tells us it was the “angel of God” who went before the host of Israel in the pillar (Ex 4:19). So, how do we explain the difference between these two passages? Did an angel lead the people out of Egypt, or was it Yahweh himself? On this episode, Shane discusses these questions and more with Matt Foreman and Doug Van Dorn, authors of The Angel of the Lord: A Biblical, Historical, and Theological Study.For a gift of any amount to help support the work of The Humble Skeptic podcast, we'll send you a 12-page PDF resource titled “Finding Christ in All of Scripture.” Click here for a preview.SHOW NOTESRelated BooksThe Angel of the Lord, Doug Van Dorn & Matt ForemanJesus in the Old Testament, Iain DuguidJourneys with Jesus, Dennis JohnsonEchoes of Exodus: Tracing the Theme of Redemption, Roberts & WilsonJoseph: A Story of Love, Hate, Slavery, Power & Forgiveness, John LennoxThe Surprising Genius of Jesus, Peter J. WilliamsThe Jewish Gospels, Daniel BoyarinThe Jewish Targums & John's Logos Theology, John RonningA Handbook on the Jewish Roots of the Christian Faith, Craig EvansA Handbook on the Jewish Roots of the Gospels, Craig EvansProof of the Gospel, Eusebius of CaesareaRelated ArticlesFinding Christ in All of Scripture, Shane RosenthalNew Life in the New Year: The Story of Exodus, Shane RosenthalIsaiah's Prophecy of the Messiah's Birth, Shane RosenthalPassover & The Last Supper, Shane RosenthalWhere Was Jesus Crucified?, Shane RosenthalWater Into Wine? Shane RosenthalWhy Should We Believe The Bible? (PDF), Shane RosenthalWhat's the Most Important Thing in the Bible?, Shane RosenthalA New Way of Reading Scripture, Shane RosenthalAudioJewish Views of the Messiah, Humble Skeptic #38 with Daniel BoyarinJacob's Ladder, Humble Skeptic #63 with Richard Bauckham and othersBabylon, Humble Skeptic Episode #66 Decoding the Prophecies of Daniel, Humble Skeptic #68 Were Jews Expecting a Divine Messiah?, WHI #1243 with Craig EvansHow to Read & Apply the Old Testament, WHI #1568 with Iain DuguidWhat Did The Earliest Christians Believe? HS #25 with Dennis JohnsonThe Big Picture, Humble Skeptic #26 with J. Daniel HaysStories of Jesus: Can They Be Trusted? HS #61 with Peter J. WilliamsThe Gospel Creed, Humble Skeptic Episode #9UPCOMING EVENTSThe Messianic Hope, Memphis, TN, April 11-13Shane Rosenthal will be giving a series of talks related to Christ's fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy at this weekend conference in Rosemark, TN. Click here for more information.Who Is Jesus?: Bridging Diverse Voices, St. Louis, MO, April 24th.Shane Rosenthal and Michael McClymond will be defending the historic Christian view of Jesus at this Christian / Muslim conversation which will take place at St. Louis Community College Meramec (located at 11333 Big Bend Rd, in Kirkwood, MO). The purpose is to highlight some of the differences between Christian and Muslim perspectives related to Jesus' identity and mission and to take questions from students. This event is brought to you by St. Louis Community College in partnership with ReThink315. Click here for more info.Share with Friends & FamilyIf you're a fan of the show, please tell others about the show, and consider posting a link to this episode via your social media feed. Just copy the URL of this page, paste it into your feed, and write a few words. Also, consider writing a positive review of this podcast via the Apple Podcast app, or your preferred podcast portal. The more reviews we get, the more exposure we get! Thanks for your help!Make a One-Time Gift or Upgrade to a Paid SubscriptionConsider supporting The Humble Skeptic podcast by making a one-time gift or upgrading to a paid subscription via Substack ($5.95 per month, $59 per year). Tax-deductible giving options are also available. Get full access to The Humble Skeptic at www.humbleskeptic.com/subscribe