Podcast appearances and mentions of michael servetus

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Best podcasts about michael servetus

Latest podcast episodes about michael servetus

Transfigured
Nicaea - What the Council & Creed meant to those there

Transfigured

Play Episode Listen Later May 13, 2025 73:31


This video discusses the Council of Nicaea in 325AD and seeks to explore what it meant to those who were there. I mention Constantine the Great, Constantius II, Alexander of Alexandria, Athanasius of Alexandria, Origen of Alexandria, Eusebius of Caesarea, Eusebius of Nicomedia, Marcellus of Ancyra, Eustathius of Antioch, Michael Servetus, Arius, Kegan Chandler, RPC Hanson, Richard Rubenstein, Rowan Williams, Timothy Barnes, and more. Richard Rubenstein - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6c0lEZAh-E&t=3800sChurch Fathers Series - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYTaO3sATSg&list=PLfbTO0X5BDHlZN12ONC_CYVBWPBPyZ_Op

Word of Mouth
John 1 is not Heresy - Its Revelation: Jesus is God

Word of Mouth

Play Episode Listen Later May 12, 2025 35:29


What if everything you've heard about the Godhead… is missing the point?

Transfigured
Rabbi Tovia Singer - An intense conversation with a Unitarian Christian

Transfigured

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 7, 2025 128:24


Rabbi Tovia Singer is an Orthodox Rabbi living in Jerusalem. He is the founder and director of Outreach Judaism. William Lane Craig, Ignatius of Antioch, Tertullian, Origen of Alexandria, Constantine the Great, John Calvin, Michael Servetus, Martin Luther, Philo of Alexandria, Maimonides, Michael Heiser, Tim Mackie (  @bibleproject  ), Lee Strobel, John Nelson Darby, Paul of Samosata, Athanasius of Alexandria, Arius of Alexandria, William Hasker, Beau Branson, Dale Tuggy (  @khanpadawan  ) , Gavin Ortlund (  @TruthUnites  ), Albert Einstein, and more. Rabbi Tovia Singer's Youtube Channel :  @ToviaSinger1 

Transfigured
My Message to the Jews

Transfigured

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 4, 2025 110:05


This is my message to the Jews. It follows up on my video about Christian/Muslim relations. I mention Elon Musk, Philo of Alexandria, Caligula, Suetonius, Claudius, Prescilla, Aquila, Gallio, Sosthenes, Jusitn Martyr, Trypho, Simon Bar Kokhba, Polycarp, Constantine, Athanasius of Alexandria, Caiaphas, Paul of Samosata, Photinus of Galatia, Arius, Constantius II, Gregory of Nyssa, Hank Kruse, Theodosius the Great, Ambrose of Milan, Julian the Apostate, Aphrahat the Persian Sage, Nestorius of Constantinople, Justinian the Great, John Calvin, Michael Servetus, Marian Hillar, Lelio and Fausto Sozzini, Malcolm Collins, John Locke, Andrzej Wiszowaty, Samuel Przypkowski, Isaac Newton, John Milton, Benedict Spinoza, Pierre Bayle, Voltaire, David Hume, Joseph Priestly, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, John Adams, Hannah Adams, Mordecai Noah, The Apostle Paul, and more.

Transfigured
Beau Branson - Make the Trinity Cappadocian Again

Transfigured

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 27, 2024 150:06


Dr. Beau Branson is a professor of philosophy at Brescia University. We discuss monarchical trinitarians and the theology of Gregory of Nyssa. We also discuss the recent book "One God, Three Persons, Four Views" book. We mention Luke Thompson (  @WhiteStoneName  ), Hank Kruse, Athanasius of Alexandria, Arius of Alexandria, Julian the Apostate, Gregory of Nyssa, Basil the Great, Gregory of Nazianzus, Scott Williams, Eunomius, Gregory Thermaturgos, Origen of Alexandria, Tertullian of Carthage, Rowan Williams, David Bentley Hart, Irenaeus of Lyon, Marcellus of Ancyra, Photinus of Galatia, Nestorius, Aristotle, John of Damascus, William Lane Craig, Michel René Barnes, Fr John Behr, Richard Swinburne, Dale Tuggy, Michael Servetus, Bart Ehrman, and more.

Transfigured
I got Baptized!

Transfigured

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 8, 2024 76:25


I talked about why I got baptized and my testimony and some other thoughts on baptism. I mention Dr. Victor Wierwille, EW Bullinger, Loni Frisbee, Ulrich Zwingli, Joni Mitchell, Chuck LaMattina, Tim Keller, John Piper, Shane Claiborne, Kallistos Ware, Soren Kierkegaard, Francis Collins, Augustine of Hippo, Athanasius, Tim Mackie, Jordan Peterson, Paul Vanderklay (  @PaulVanderKlay  ), Jonathan Pageau, Kanye West, Dr. Beau Branson, Bob Carden, Brett Salkheld, James McGrath, Basil the Great, Sean Finnegan (  @restitutio8765  ), Will Barlow, Anna Brown, Michael Servetus, Victor Gluckin, Reverend Gary Davis, Bob Dylan, Jorma Kaukonen, and Bob Weir. My randos convo with PVK - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QuoqGzIu5Wc&t=3633s My last channel update - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJvcrgL79BY Rev. Gary Davis "Oh Glory How Happy I am" - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=972Dx71AtFA

Christian History Almanac
Tuesday, August 13, 2024

Christian History Almanac

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 13, 2024 8:07


Today, on the Christian History Almanac, we remember Michael Servetus, a “rogue” whose life and death were subject to some scrutiny. Show Notes: Support 1517 Podcast Network 1517 Podcasts 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education What's New from 1517: When You Meet Jesus | Gospel Encounters Conference (Sep 6-8 in Flower Mound, TX) Available Now: Hitchhiking with Prophets: A Ride Through the Salvation Story of the Old Testament by Chad Bird 30 Minutes in the NT on Youtube Remembering Rod Rosenbladt Encouragement for Motherhood Edited by Katie Koplin More from the hosts: Dan van Voorhis SHOW TRANSCRIPTS are available: https://www.1517.org/podcasts/the-christian-history-almanac CONTACT: CHA@1517.org SUBSCRIBE: Apple Podcasts Spotify Stitcher Overcast Google Play FOLLOW US: Facebook Twitter Audio production by Christopher Gillespie (gillespie.media).

Transfigured
The Stabbing of Bishop Mar Mari and the future of Muslim/Christian relations and the Freedom of Religion

Transfigured

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 18, 2024 135:00


I mention Aphrahat the Persian Sage, the Apostle Paul, Constantine the Great, King Sharpur II, Yazdegerd I, Nestorius of Constantinople, Bishop Mar Mari Immanuel, Mohammad, Genghis Kahn, Tamerlane, Aristotle, Plato, the Ming Dynasty, Doubting Thomas, Patrick Bets-David, Jacob Faturechi (  @faturechi  ), James McGrath, the Mandaeans, Mar Awa III, Bishop Barron, Robert Shlimon, Andrew Tate, Jake Brancatella the Muslim Metaphysician (  @TheMuslimMetaphysician  ), Daniel Haqiqatjou,  @ReasonandTheology  , Trent Horn, Elon Musk, Michael Servetus, John Calvin, Marian Hillar, Fausto Sozzini, Lelio Sozzini, Socinianism, John Locke, Benedict Spinoza, Pierre Bayle, Voltaire, David Hume, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Justinian, Theodosius the Great, Khalil Andani, Shabir Ally, Robert Spencer, Paul Vanderklay (  @PaulVanderKlay  ), Tim Keller, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, (  @triggerpod  ), Tom Holland, Louis Perry, (  @maidenmothermatriarch  ), Aphrahat the Persian Sage - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mH3BDSMIbg PBD (  @PBDPodcast  ) religious roundtable - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VzjoHtYN05k Jake on Transfigured - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11wxT_FYRbs Jake on Mar Mari - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHH-tP-RmXc&t=127s Tim Keller on secularism - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2n7BDf9KK-s&t=328s Ayaan Hirsi Ali - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4VJofC_PFA&t=443s

Transfigured
Basil - Part 2 : Biography, Commentary on Genesis 1, and letters

Transfigured

Play Episode Listen Later May 31, 2024 86:27


This is our second episode about Basil the Great. We cover his biography in more detail and talk about his commentary on the creation account in Genesis. We mention John Calvin, Origen of Alexandria, Michael Servetus, Russel Brand, Bret Weinstein, Sam Harris, Richard Dawkins, Constantine, Constantius, Theodosius the Great, Athanasius, Jerome, Ambrose, Augustine, Mani, Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, Gregory of Nyssa, Gregory of Naziuanzus, and more.

Transfigured
Dr. Dustin Smith - Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John

Transfigured

Play Episode Listen Later May 14, 2024 113:23


Dr. Dustin Smith is the host of the  @BiblicalUnitarianPodcast  and a New Testament scholar at Spartanburg Methodist College. In this episode we discuss his new book about Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John. We mention James Dunn, Michael Servetus, the Wisdom of Solomon, Baruch, Philo of Alexandria, and more. Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John: https://www.amazon.com/Wisdom-Christology-Gospel-Dustin-Smith/dp/B0D248VGC5

True Crime Medieval
93. Michael Servetus is Murdered, Geneva, Republic of Geneva 1553

True Crime Medieval

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 28, 2024 51:35


Michael Servetus was one of those brilliant people who can be a bit annoying. He read and/or spoke Spanish and French and Hebrew and Latin and Arabic and Greek and who knows what all. He studied and/or wrote books on theology, medicine, mathematics, law, and some other stuff. He wrote poetry. He had a bunch of degrees. But he had to leave the Studium of Zaragoza because of a fight with the High Master; he nearly got the death penalty in Paris for translating Cicero's De Divinatione (but they decided to just make him withdraw the book instead); he was in prison for a few days for injuring a physician who attacked him out of jealousy; he was arrested in France for heresy, and the Catholics were going to burn him at the stake; but he escaped --- and then, instead of going to Italy, he went to Geneva, where John Calvin, who disagreed with Servetus in lots of ways, was instrumental in getting him burned at the stake there. So it was the Protestants who finally killed him, rather than the Catholics. It wasn't John Calvin's finest moment. But on the other hand, Calvin had argued for cutting Servetus's head off rather than burning him with his books.  Well, almost all of his theolgy. Three copies of the theology text survived, and Michelle will tell you all about them.

The Surgical Fiction Podcast
290.e3 On Michael Servetus (152)

The Surgical Fiction Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 23, 2024 5:07


THE LIFE OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER, Vol 2 Written in 1924 by Harvey Cushing, MD (the father of modern neurosurgery) An epic telling of the birth of modern clinical medicine, by those who lived it. An amazingly detailed look at the life of a gentleman and illustrious physician of the 19th century. An intimate tell of medical history during a time it moved from its rudiments of 3,000 years to the foundations of modern practice. And Williams Osler, the preeminent physician of his day and the father of modern clinical medicine, seems to have been at the heart of it all. This biography is written by another esteemed physician, Harvey Cushing, the father of modern neurosurgery. The two volumes together are 60 hours long, of which the first 35 hours are now available on SoundCloud. It is a work in progress. This is a fascinating, intimate look at the greatest period of discovery in medical history, with remembrances of the likes of Virchow, Pasteur, Sydenham, Lister, Koch, and many, many others. This will make a great gift for that medical man or woman in your life. Listen now! This book is read by Edison McDaniels, MD The entire two volume narration is 60 hours long. Vol I of THE LIFE OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER read by Edison McDaniels >>> https://on.soundcloud.com/ydPxw Vol II of THE LIFE OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER read by Edison McDaniels >>> https://on.soundcloud.com/AaRRs Edison McDaniels is a physician and surgeon, as well as an accomplished audiobook narrator. Listen to him everywhere. SOUNDCLOUD: https://soundcloud.com/edisonaudio (Over 20,000 minutes of polished audio content for your enjoyment).  PODCAST: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-surgical-fiction-podcast/id1547756675 YOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCruaBSuh3TsnqnSbk0tcKNQ FACEBOOK: facebook.com/audiobook.narrator.edison.mcdaniels INSTAGRAM: www.instagram.com/surgeonwriter/ AUDIBLE: https://www.audible.com/search?searchNarrator=Edison+McDaniels&sort=pubdate-desc-rank&ref=a_search_c5_sort_1&pf_rd_p=0bf2be0c-e481-4a32-913f-f9ce2af92814&pf_rd_r=TKYKX0ARN95P6DD57ST2

Transfigured
Hilary of Poitiers - The First Trinitarian Theologian

Transfigured

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 1, 2023 78:21


Hilary of Poitier was a Bishop in western France in mid-fourth century. He is one of the first Trinitarian Theologians who would be able to pass later orthodox standards. He plays a very interesting role in the history of the fourth century. We mention Athanasius of Alexandria, Arius of Alexandria, Constantius, Constantine the Great, Julian the Apostate, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Michael Servetus, Karl Barth, and more.

suara-gembala
Michael Servetus

suara-gembala

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 10, 2023 19:28


Waspadalah, supaya kamu jangan kehilangan apa yang telah kami kerjakan itu, tetapi supaya kamu mendapat upahmu sepenuhnya.

michael servetus
Just and Sinner Podcast
The Life and Theology of Michael Servetus (Trinitarian Heresies)

Just and Sinner Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 4, 2023 54:16


This part of the Trinitarian heresies series gives an overview of the life and beliefs of the controversial figure Michael Servetus.

Transfigured
Tripp and Hank - Christian Nationalism Discussion

Transfigured

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 21, 2023 88:51


Tripp and Hank join me to discuss Christian Nationalism and what all the controversy is about. We are critical of both the pro-CN and the anti-CN sides and try and suggest some better alternatives and give greater context to the conversation. We mention Doug Wilson, Stephen Wolfe, William Wolfe, Eusebius of Caesarea, Constantine the Great, Athanasius of Alexandria, Charlemagne the Great, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Michael Servetus, Ronald Reagan, George Bush, Barack Obama, Donald Trump, Vivek Ramaswamy, Justin Martyr, Athenagoras, and more.

Transfigured
Tripp and Hank - Calvinism Discussion

Transfigured

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 15, 2023 79:23


My friends Hank and Tripp come on to talk about Calvinism. We mention John MacArthur, Bill Hybels, John Calvin, Michael Servetus, Jacobus Arminius, Thomas Aquinas, Augustine, Tertullian, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Joe Biden, Henry VIII, Kristin Kobes Du Mez, Charles Spurgeon, James White, William Lane Craig, and many more.

Transfigured
Athanasius - Part 4: His Later Life and the Emergence of Trinitarianism

Transfigured

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 7, 2023 80:00


This is another episode in our church fathers series. We talk about the later life and times of Athanasius. We mention Arius, Marcellus of Ancyra, Julian the Apostate, Iamblichus, William Lane Craig, Jake Brancatella, Photinus of Galatia, John Calvin, Michael Servetus and many more. Athanasius - Part 1 - Against the Heathen :    • Athanasius - Part...   Athanasius - Part 2 - On the Incarnation - Part 2 :    • Athanasius - Part...   Athanasius - Part 3 - His Middle Life and Writings -   • Athanasius - Part...   Jake Brancatella on Athanasius and Apollinarianism -    • Hidden Heresies E...  

Restitutio
496 Early Church History 14: Paul of Samosata and Photinus of Sirmium

Restitutio

Play Episode Listen Later May 19, 2023 66:27


This is part 14 of the Early Church History class. We've been learning about the controversy over Christ's origins in the last couple of episodes. This battle raged between groups of Christians who agreed that Jesus pre-existed for sixty years. But today we are taking a break from that and looking instead at the early Christians who held to a dynamic monarchian Christology. Specifically, we'll consider two influential bishops: Paul of Samosata and Photinus of Sirmium. Although sometimes mislabeled as adoptionists, these two believed in the virgin birth but did not think Christ existed before then. Although what we know about these two survives in the writings of their enemies, we can reconstruct sketches of their beliefs and influence. Listen to this episode on Spotify or Apple Podcasts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFKAwd6Cqzc&list=PLN9jFDsS3QV2lk3B0I7Pa77hfwKJm1SRI&index=14 —— Links —— See other episodes featuring famous biblical unitarians: Thomas Emlyn, Michael Servetus, Adam Pastor, Claude of Savoy, Armenian Unitarians, Socinian Movement in Poland and Transylvania, British Unitarians More Restitutio resources on Christian history For the postscript discussion about the Constantinian Shift, see Preston Sprinkle's book, Nonviolence (previously called Fight), and his interview with George Kalantzis as well as his book Caesar and the Lamb See other classes here Support Restitutio by donating here Join our Restitutio Facebook Group and follow Sean Finnegan on Twitter @RestitutioSF Leave a voice message via SpeakPipe with questions or comments and we may play them out on the air Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library. Who is Sean Finnegan?  Read his bio here —— Notes —— Over the last couple of sessions, we've looked at the shameful battle between egalitarians and subordinationists. Both parties believed Jesus pre-existed but couldn't agree on whether he was eternal and equal with the Father or not. However, at the same time, another stream of Christians fought for another view – a theology they thought was more biblical and less fraught with philosophical conundrums—the dynamic Monarchians. Paul of Samosata's Life (200-275) 260 - Ordained Bishop of Antioch 264 - Synod at Antioch 268 - Synod at Antioch, debate w/ Malchion 272 - Aurelian deposed Paul Robert Lynn Sample: “Paul's particular brand of Christianity had an ecstatic or spontaneous character, with a stress on spiritual power.”[1] Artemon of Rome (fl. 230) Claimed that non-pre-existence dominated throughout the time of Bishop Victor of Rome (d. 199) Artemon taught that though Christ was born of a virgin, he was a “mere man”. Theodotus of Byzantium was Artemon's predecessor. Paul of Samosata's Beliefs Lumped in with Artemon and Ebionites by Eusebius Epiphanius accused Paul of importing Judaism (though not circumcision or Sabbath observance). Paul said the logos was homoousios with the Father. The Son is what the logos became when it was made flesh. Christ did exist prophetically before he was born. Paulinians or Paulianists continued to hold a unitarian faith long after Paul died. Photinus of Sirmium's Life (d. 376) From Ancyra in Galatia 343 - Ordained Bishop of Sirmium 344 - Council at Antioch (Macrostitch Creed) 345 - Milan Council condemned him. 347 – Rome Council condemned him. 351 - After a debate, Constantius deposed him. 351 - Council at Sirmium denounced Photinian doctrine. 361 - Returned to Sirmium as Bishop 364 - Valentinian I deposed him. Photinus' Beliefs Jerome accused him of reviving the Ebionite heresy. Very biblical; quoted 1 Corinthians 15.47; 1 Timothy 2.5; John 8.40 Christ only existed from Mary's time when she conceived by the Holy Spirit. The Son did exist, but only according to foreknowledge or predestination. Photinians persisted in the Roman Empire for another 150 years. Review From 260 - 272, Paul of Samosata was the bishop of Antioch, one of the four most important churches in the world. He was a charismatic preacher whose animated congregation participated with applauding, waving handkerchiefs, shouting, and even jumping. Paul prevented singing the newer hymns to Jesus, probably because they differed from his beliefs. Other bishops challenged him in 264 and tried to depose him in 268. Paul did not leave his church. In 272, Emperor Aurelian took back the region for Rome from Queen Zenobia of Palmyra and deposed Paul. Like Artemon a generation before him and Theodotus before him, Paul taught that Jesus was the Christ, but that he did not exist before his birth, though he agreed that he "existed prophetically." Paul taught that the logos was of the same substance (homoousios) as the Father. Photinus was bishop of Sirmium in the middle of the fourth century until emperors Constantius and Valentinus I deposed him. Like Paul, he believed that the logos was "in the Father" but was not equivalent to the Son, though the Son is what the logos became when it became flesh. Photinus placed a heavy emphasis on scripture and said he had a hundred prooftexts for his Christology. After Photinus died, Photinians persisted in the Roman Empire for another century and a half in small pockets. [1] Robert Lynn Sample, “The Messiah as Prophet: The Christology of Paul of Samosata,” PhD diss., Northwestern University, June 1977, 5.

Expanding Horizons

This Easter Sunday, our Minister, Kris Hanna reflects on the theme of Renewal. Like the renewal and rebirth of the phoenix in our "Story for All Ages" - rising out of the ashes of self-sacrifice, Kris reflects on the renewal and hope that arose from the legacies and martyrdom of the Lutheran Pastor and Theologian, Deitrich Bonhoeffer, the Spanish Unitarian, Michael Servetus and that most well-known of all Martyrs, Jesus (Jeshua) of Nazareth, who remained resolute in their belief - in the face of torture and death from those in authority. It's not just a past phenomenon. Contemporary examples of ongoing persecution can be drawn from Muslims in India, the Baháʼí in Iran, and Christian Minority groups - out of which - like the phoenix in our story, will give rise to a legacy of renewal and hope. Easter, Kris reminds us - is also the time to renew our commitment to Love!

Expanding Horizons
A Unitarian ”Communion”

Expanding Horizons

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 7, 2023 37:59


Kris, on this Good Friday uses Easter as an opportunity for us Unitarians to celebrate - through a communal sharing of wine and bread - the courage of those like Michael Servetus, Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Jeshua who, without compromise, sacrificed their lives for their beliefs.

Transfigured
Fr. Stephen DeYoung - Veneration, Jesus, Protestantism, Essence/Energy, and Theosis

Transfigured

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 15, 2023 138:43


Fr. Stephen DeYoung is an Eastern Orthodox Priest at Archangel Gabriel Orthodox Church in Lafayette, Louisiana. He is also the author of multiple books and the host of the "Lord of Spirits" podcast and the "Whole Counsel of God" podcast. We mention Troels Engberg-Pedersen, Cerinthus, Moby Dick, The Ascension of Isaiah, Beau Branson, Gregory of Nazianzus, Gregory of Nyssa, Gregory Palamas, Maximus the Confessor, Aristotle, Augustine of Hippo, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Michael Servetus, William Ellery Channing, and many more. Religion of the Apostles - https://www.amazon.com/Religion-Apostles-Orthodox-Christianity-Century-ebook/dp/B0947BRDGS?ref_=ast_author_mpb Our First Conversation - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LMVBmpN8c7c&t=8312s My Presentation at the UCA - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BsKU9YRS8KI

GotQuestions.org Audio Pages 2017-2019
Why did John Calvin have Michael Servetus burned at the stake for heresy?

GotQuestions.org Audio Pages 2017-2019

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 3, 2023


Why did John Calvin have Michael Servetus burned at the stake for heresy? Was the execution of Michael Servetus justified?

The Rest Is History
274. Switzerland: Calvin's Cancel Culture

The Rest Is History

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 6, 2022 34:50


Today, Tom and Dominic are in 16th century Calvinist Geneva, where Michael Servetus is being condemned for heresy. Execution, imprisonment, treachery and public burnings all feature in this story which bears unusual similarities to the times we live in today…Join The Rest Is History Club (www.restishistorypod.com) for ad-free listening to the full archive, weekly bonus episodes, live streamed shows and access to an exclusive chatroom community.Twitter: @TheRestHistory @holland_tom @dcsandbrook Email: restishistorypod@gmail.com Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The Remnant Radio's Podcast
The History of John Calvin: With Dr. Stephen J. Nichols

The Remnant Radio's Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 4, 2022 56:22


In this episode of The Remnant Radio, Calvin Scholar Dr. Stephen J. Nichols from Reformed Bible Colledge gives us an examination of the life and teachings of John Calvin. We examine Calvin's Childhood, Education, and Early Protestant Protest. Additionally, we spend a good section of the show discussing Calvin's most influential teachings, such as Calvin's Institutes, Spiritual Presence of Communion, Union with Christ, and Calvin's influence on protestant ecclesiologies. Toward the end of the show, we even take time to discuss Calvin's beliefs about church discipline and whether or not he was responsible for the death of Michael Servetus. It should be an exciting program!Donate (Paypal)https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr...___________________________________________________________________________________Exclusive Content (Patreon)https://www.patreon.com/TheRemnantRadio__________________________________________________________________________________We're social! Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheRemnantRadioInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/theremnantr...___________________________________________________________________________________Our Favorite BooksKairos Classroom: Use Promo Code "Remnant" for 10% offhttps://kairosclassroom.com/classes Kairos Classroom: Use Promo Code Remnant for 10% offhttps://kairosclassroom.com/classesSupport the show

Restitutio
424 One God 14: One God Today

Restitutio

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 31, 2021 38:14


After a brief sketch of one God believers throughout time, we’ll consider how well positioned we are today to publish this truth. We may be few, but we are mighty, motivated, and making a difference! Additionally, we’ll consider a few important questions like (1) How can unitarianism be right if most Christians are trinitarian? (2) Read more about 424 One God 14: One God Today[…]

Cucumber Talks
Rev. Chris Rothbauer - What Is Unitarian Universalism?

Cucumber Talks

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 12, 2021 83:09


Today's guest on Cucumber Talks is Rev. Chris Rothbauer, a Unitarian Universalist minister serving a congregation in Auburn Alabama. Here's what we discussed: Chris got involved in church as a teenager. However, the churches they attended said their sexuality was a sin. This pushed Chris to the brink of suicide and to leave the church altogether While studying philosophy abroad in England, Chris was introduced to Unitarian Universalism Chris quickly found meaning within the Unitarian Universalism community and felt called to go to seminary school Michael Servetus was an early influencer of Unitarianism. His book The Errors of the Trinity suggested that the Trinity was non-Biblical Unitarianism began spreading after Servetus was put to death Universalism emerged as people began asking why an all-loving God would condemn some to hell Unitarianism and Universalism merged in 1961 Unitarian Universalism is less about right belief and more about right action the Council of Nicea's vote narrowly came down on the side of the Trinity Like many modern Unitarian Universalists, Chris doesn't consider themself a Christian. Their practice leans toward religious naturalism these days Some of the early US presidents and founding fathers as well as famous transcendentalists like Ralph Waldo Emerson were Unitarians Humanism had a major influence on UU in the 20th century UU is about people sharing similar values instead of the same beliefs The structure of UU services is similar to traditional protestant churches UU tends to not focus on evangelicalism. This is one of the reasons for its decline in popularity. According to Chris, many UU members come from abusive Christian backgrounds UU is very visible at social justice events Chris believes that one of the strengths of UU is that they continually evaluate their values and allow them to evolve over time The majority of UU members do not believe in hell and see it as a metaphor for when people are at odds on Earth Chris's church attracts many “spiritual refugees”, a term they use to describe people who have wounds from negative experiences in evangelical churches UU believes that all people have inherent worth and dignity but some beliefs don't Chris believes that change rarely happens through intellectual discussions, but instead through relationship building The biggest spiritual lesson Chris has learned is to ask yourself if you're making the world a better place or not. This is religion and spirituality at its best Resources mentioned in this episode: - Learn more about Chris: Revchris.faith - On the Errors of Trinity by Michael Servetus Contact Cucumber Talks Have questions, feedback, or ideas for the show? Shoot us an email: cucumbertalks@gmail.com

The Doxology Podcast
Michael Servetus

The Doxology Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 29, 2021 23:37


This is probably one of those occasions where you don't want to be like Mike... On this episode Lukas shares the life and times of Michael Servetus. He was a Spanish theologian, physician, cartographer, and humanist. He was also a very significant heretic from church history. Tune in as we wrap up the spooky, heresy themed month.   Find us on: Email: doxologypodcast@gmail.com Twitter: @doxologypodcast

spanish michael servetus
Christian History Almanac
Wednesday, October 27, 2021

Christian History Almanac

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 27, 2021 6:52


Today on the Almanac, we consider the life and death of Michael Servetus. #OTD #1517 #churchhistory — SHOW NOTES are available: https://www.1517.org/podcasts/the-christian-history-almanac GIVE BACK: Support the work of 1517 today CONTACT: CHA@1517.org SUBSCRIBE: Apple Podcasts Spotify Stitcher Overcast Google Play FOLLOW US: Facebook Twitter Audio production by Christopher Gillespie (gillespie.media).

almanac otd michael servetus christopher gillespie
Heretic Happy Hour
#111: Let‘s Talk About Talking Animals (HOTW: Michael Servetus)

Heretic Happy Hour

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 14, 2021 69:41


Why is there a smart-ass donkey and a lying snake in my Bible? Let's get real. Plus, Michael Servetus is back from the grave to dish dirt on John Calvin as our Heretic of the Week!    

Apostolic Voice with Ryan French
Ep. 33 | Special Guest Dr. Talamdge French Talking Michael Servetus & 20th Century Oneness Pentecostalism

Apostolic Voice with Ryan French

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 18, 2021 38:11


Ryan sits down for a second time with Dad French picking up on their previous discussion about the "Dark Ages" of Christianity. This time they jump from Michael Servetus into the early 20th century when the oneness pentecostal movement revived and began to spread around the world. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/apostolicvoice/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/apostolicvoice/support

Apostolic Voice with Ryan French
Ep. 22 | Dad Joins the Program - Special Guest Dr. Talmadge French

Apostolic Voice with Ryan French

Play Episode Listen Later May 9, 2021 83:47


Dad (Dr. Talmadge French) joins the program to talk about the oneness of God, the burning of Michael Servetus by John Calvin, the irony of trinitarianism, and early church history. We also toss around the often asked question of whether or not a remnant of full Gospel believers has always existed in history since Acts chapter two until right now. BONUS: A Mother's Day-inspired sermon clip ends the program so don't leave too soon. As always, you can keep up with this program and the popular Apostolic Voice blog at www.ryanafrench.com. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/apostolicvoice/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/apostolicvoice/support

Transfigured
Beau Branson and Skylar McManus discuss the borderlands between Unitarianism and Trinitarianism

Transfigured

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 31, 2021 164:01


Beau Branson and Skylar McManus and I have a joint discussion about the definitions and borders between Unitarianism and Trinitarianism. We talk a lot about church history mentioning Justin Martyr, Ignatius of Antioch, Irenaeus of Lyon, Paul of Samosata, Origen, Arius, Athanasius, Constantine, Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nyssa, Gregory Nazianzus, Eusebius of Caesaria, Photinus, Augustine, Maximus the Confessor, Photius, Thomas Aquinas, Martin Luther, Michael Servetus, Socinus, John Calvin and more. We also discuss contemporary theologians such as William Lane Craig, Dale Tuggy, Karl Rahner, Sir Anthony Buzzard, Chris Date, DC Williams, BB Warfield, William Hasker, Kallistos Ware, and others. Here are my previous two videos with Beau Branson. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_tuLfkp4_Y&t=7137s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDxccZwy54E&t=5757s My previous conversation with Skylar McManus. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FI6wSGFGnZY&t=5s Here is Beau's Presentation on the Monarchy of the Father. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VfBoOZ7dzLY&t=1s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2lc-vqRutOU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KRf4kCB8vk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3htRB-WjQsc Here is Dale's Response to Beau's Presentation. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UzyUDQmewdo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=78T7Ns2RMxo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJ1nPIRG4rw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMN9cBfWQAA Here is Beau and Skylar's joint response. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sqFFYzbOePs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MViP3yN48FQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znGwYzY0vC0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FbesYL9d_o0

Pravidelná dávka
191. Pitvy v dejinách: Bránila katolícka cirkev medicínskemu bádaniu?

Pravidelná dávka

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 16, 2021 15:54


Ako sa cirkev pozerala počas dejín na pitvy a aké sú niektoré mylné mýty, o ktorých by sme mali vedieť?----more----Prečítajte si túto dávku aj ako článok na SME [čoskoro]. Použitá a odporúčaná literatúra:Bosmia et al., “Michael Servetus”, 2012.Magner, A History of Medicine, 2005.Numbers (ed.), Galileo Goes to Jail, 2009.Park, Secrets of Women, 2006.Súvisiace dávky:PD#80 Galileo a Cirkev https://bit.ly/davka80 PD#76 Kopernik,  https://bit.ly/davka76 PD#143 Konfliktná téza, https://bit.ly/davka143 ***Dobré veci potrebujú svoj čas. Staň sa patrónom Tvojho obľúbeného podcastu cez Patreon ❤️ (https://bit.ly/PatreonPD) alebo nás podpor jednorazovo či trvalým príkazom (https://bit.ly/CHCEMpodporit). Ďakujeme!

Conversations with a Calvinist
The Burning of Michael Servetus

Conversations with a Calvinist

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 23, 2020 17:06


On this episode of Coffee with a Calvinist, we get to hear a portion of a recent lecture on the life of John Calvin by Pastor Foskey, specifically the section where he deals with one of the most controversial issues of Calvin's legacy, the burning of Michael Servetus.

Credo Podcast
Did Calvin Murder Heretics?

Credo Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 4, 2020


Who was Michael Servetus and what was Servetus’ view of the Trinity? How does Servetus’ biblicism lead him to reject Nicene and scholastic trinitarianism? How does the sixteenth century historical context shed light on the execution of Servetus? How are we to understand Servetus last words? What role did Calvin play in the Servetus affair…and… Download Audio

murder heretics nicene michael servetus trinity how
The Crossway Podcast
The Man behind Calvinism (Derek Thomas)

The Crossway Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 18, 2019 34:42


Derek Thomas discusses John Calvin's enduring legacy. He reflects on the importance of predestination and election in John Calvin's theology as a whole, describes what it would have been like to have Calvin as your pastor, and explains what really happened when Michael Servetus was put to death in the town where Calvin ministered.

Self in Society Podcast
Lawrence Goldstone on the Death and Legacy of Michael Servetus: Self in Society #6

Self in Society Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 14, 2019 68:08


In Out of the Flames, Lawrence and Nancy Goldstone recount the remarkable life and shocking death of Michael Servetus, theologian, editor, physician, and heretic. Lawrence discusses Servetus's religious views and his lifelong rivalry with John Calvin, who eventually had him tried for heresy and burned at the stake in Geneva in 1553. But Servetus's work escaped the flames to inspire generations of scientists, religious reformers, and advocates of liberty of conscience.Support the show (https://ariarmstrong.com/donate/)

St John's Vancouver - Sermons
John Calvin at Stake: Reconsidering the Genevan Reformer's Role in the Burning of Michael Servetus

St John's Vancouver - Sermons

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 27, 2019 58:54


John Calvin at Stake: Reconsidering the Genevan Reformer's Role in the Burning of Michael ServetusSeries: Learners' Exchange 2019 Speaker: Dan GloverLearners' ExchangeDate: 27th January 2019

First Unitarian Congregation of Ottawa
"Michael Servetus Died For Your Religious Freedom"

First Unitarian Congregation of Ottawa

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 18, 2018 17:47


November 16th was the UNESCO International Day for Tolerance. In thinking of this day, Rev. Pat recalled a Unitarian historian once noting, "widespread aversion to Servetus' death has been taken as signalling the birth in Europe of religious tolerance". Serviettes (1509-1553) could have simply lived his life as a doctor. Instead he chose to critique the doctrine of the trinity and other orthodox Christian notions which in his time cost him his life. Learn more about Servetus' remarkable life and why his death mattered then and now.

Restitutio Classes
120 Biblical Unitarian Trailblazers of the 16th Century (Five Hundred 5)

Restitutio Classes

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 30, 2017 58:16


Although sometimes lumped in with enlightenment rationalism, the biblical unitarian movement came to prominence right from the start of the Reformation.  Essentially, as soon as bible translations started getting into the hands of regular people, a great many Catholic doctrines came under scrutiny.  In this episode you’ll learn about three major biblical unitarian trailblazers of Read more about 120 Biblical Unitarian Trailblazers of the 16th Century (Five Hundred 5)[…]

Restitutio
120 Biblical Unitarian Trailblazers of the 16th Century (Five Hundred 5)

Restitutio

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 30, 2017 58:16


Although sometimes lumped in with enlightenment rationalism, the biblical unitarian movement came to prominence right from the start of the Reformation.  Essentially, as soon as bible translations started getting into the hands of regular people, a great many Catholic doctrines came under scrutiny.  In this episode you’ll learn about three major biblical unitarian trailblazers of Read more about 120 Biblical Unitarian Trailblazers of the 16th Century (Five Hundred 5)[…]

People's Church of Kalamazoo
The Stones Would Shout Out - Rev. Rachel Lonberg - April 9, 2017

People's Church of Kalamazoo

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 10, 2017


Michael Servetus was a physician, lawyer, and Unitarian theologian in 17th century Spain. He devoted his life to promoting the truth that God is one. It ultimately led to his martyrdom. On this Palm Sunday, Rev. Rachel will tell Servetus’s story—and the story of the prophet Jesus who also gave his life for the truth as he understood it.

Restitutio
Podcast 79: Proud of Our God (Victor Gluckin)

Restitutio

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 6, 2017 59:36


Are you embarrassed of your non-traditional beliefs about God? Victor Gluckin says that it’s time to stand up for what we believe. Believing God is one (instead of three-in-one) is not some sort of fringe doctrine; it’s at the very heart of biblical faith. After all, Jesus himself identified the Jewish “shema” as the most Read more about Podcast 79: Proud of Our God (Victor Gluckin)[…]

First Parish in Concord Sermons
Michael Servetus – Religious Outlaw

First Parish in Concord Sermons

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 16, 2016 21:31


religious outlaws michael servetus
Church History Podcast
080 - The Counter-Reformation Martin Butzer, German Independence, and Michael Servetus

Church History Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 29, 2015


The Counter-Reformation Martin Butzer, German Independence, and Michael Servetus Presentation Online Giving

First Unitarian Universalist Church of Austin
A Juicy Slice of UU History - Michael Servetus

First Unitarian Universalist Church of Austin

Play Episode Listen Later May 15, 2014 31:54


The History of the Christian Church

This 92nd episode of CS is titled “The School of Christ” and is part 2 in our look at the Reformer, John Calvin.We left off with Calvin back in Geneva after being banished for a few years following a run in with the City Council. They realized how much they needed him to design the reforms they felt they had to make so they asked him to return and accommodated themselves to being the agents by which his plans could be implemented.While Calvin designed the policies enacted by the city government, he kept himself to his role as a minister in the church. Besides preaching and teaching almost daily, he served as a professor of Old Testament studies three times a week. He was a busy pastor, offering guidance in church matters and assisting the deacons in the administration of their task by offering sage counsel.While later nay-sayers cast Calvin as a kind of dictator in Geneva, that's certainly NOT what he was.  He was appointed and paid by the city council as an advisor. He could have been dismissed by them at any time, as he in fact was in 1538 for a year and a half. Don't forget that he was a Frenchman, living in Switzerland. He didn't even become a citizen till his last years.Calvin's authority was more due to his moral and spiritual gravitas than anything else. His influence was the result of other's acceptance of an authority gained from God's call. It stemmed from his conviction he was simply the agent of God's Word and will.  While there've been many throughout history who got drunk on the power-potion and became abusive, Calvin was humbled that such influence had been given him and labored to wield it in a manner that brought glory to God alone and would work genuine and long-lasting good among others.As listeners to CS know, I attempt to present as unbiased a presentation of church history as I can. But I will occasionally insert my personal perspective. When I do, I mark it off with a verbal parenthesis. One follows now …I'm not an adherent of Calvinism and Reformed Theology. While an Evangelical Protestant, I'm more of the Traditionalist camp in regards to my theological position. So while I disagree with several points of Calvin's theology, especially in regard to the doctrines of Election and Determinism, I recognize Calvin himself was apparently a man of unimpeachable character. God alone sees the heart, but from what history tells us, John Calvin was someone who consistently practiced what he preached. A good and humble man committed to God's glory and love of his fellow man.Later critics who fault him for some of what happened in Geneva during his time there make the all-too-common mistake of applying modern sensibilities to the past. They lack historical perspective. It is no more right to condemn Calvin for the failures in Geneva than it is to blame doctors during the Black Death for not knowing about germs and viruses. Like it or not, we are all the product of our time. It's the height of arrogance for today's 20 year old, sitting in the comfort of a college classroom, to condemn those of the 16th Century because they failed to live by standards and a moral code that didn't even emerge till many years later.The evidence tells us Calvin was a moral and spiritual standout whose sole flaw was that he could have been less intense, less severe. è So! It's at this point we must speak to a tragic moment in Geneva's history and Calvin's part in it.Michael Servetus arrived in Geneva in 1553 after having fled from Catholic authorities seeking to arrest him as a heretic. Servetus denied the Trinity, a position considered blasphemous throughout Europe in the 16th C. Servetus probably thought the Reformation center of Geneva would be more tolerant of his ideas. After all, the Catholics hated the Genevans too. The enemy of my enemy is my friend, right?Well, not in this case.Geneva was no more inclined to allow heresy than Rome. The brilliant but erratic Spanish physician was arrested but refused to recant. Everyone knew a heretic's fate; immolation = burned at the stake. Calvin wanted a less severe punishment for Servetus, but this was a moment when certain elements on the Geneva city council were at odds with him. If Calvin had pushed his point and demanded a lightening of Servetus' punishment, Calvin's opponents would have had ammo to use against him.  So Calvin failed to push for the lesser sentence his conscience told him was just. Servetus was burned at the stake, as were so many at this time in Europe.Let's pause here and take the time to dig down a little on this execution. As I said, a common fate for those found guilty of heresy. It all seem ludicrous to us today – that someone could be executed as an act of official state policy simply because they dared to announce a belief in something others didn't agree with. After all, freedom of speech is a treasured value of modern democratic societies. Radicals are allowed to say all kinds of things, and as long as they take no harmful action or plot to carry out violence, they can shout all day long. So it's difficult for us to understand a society that would kill someone simply because they held an idea others found offensive.Well, heretics were put to death, not because what they said was offensive – but because what they said was considered DANGEROUS. I'll explain it this way >>What happened to Julius and Ethel Rosenberg when found guilty of selling nuclear secrets to the Soviets? They were executed. Why? All they did was talk. All they did was pass some pieces of paper and film to others? How is that a problem?Well, that material contained information that allowed the Communists to build an atomic bomb a lot quicker than they could have on their own. This was at a time of the Red Scare, when millions of Americans believed Communists were eager to attack the Free World and take over with their evil brand of atheistic socialism. What the Rosenbergs did made most Americans feel profoundly less safe. They imperiled the lives of millions – or so the thought went. When they were executed, not many wept tears of regret at how narrow-minded and intolerant the Federal government was being.Now: It was be too late for what the Rosenbergs had done. The secrets were out and in the hands of the Soviets. So why execute them? Simple: A message had to be sent to any other would-be traitors and spies: This is what happens when if you spy on the US.Take that mentality to the execution of heretics in Europe during the Middle Ages and later. Michael Servetus didn't sell States secrets to enemies. But what he did so was deemed just as dangerous. He espoused beliefs that if picked up by others could, and most likely would, lead to a break-down of society and all kinds of social problems. And all because: Ideas have consequences. It was this realization that moved civil governments to hearken to the advice of religious authorities, apprehend heretics, try them, then sentence them to torture and execution. It told the populace at large, “Mess with what we believe and you'll pay.”Now, I'm obviously not advocating death for heretics.But, and this is important as students of history, it's crucial we be cautious about our tendency to have a knee-jerk reaction to the perceived stupidities of the past. Turns out in most cases, once we understand ALL the complexities that bear on a people's practice, the what and why of their behavior becomes a lot more clear. We may not agree with them, but we can at least understand how they arrived at their position.Knowing what we do about John Calvin, he likely wanted a less severe punishment for Servetus because he hoped to convince him to turn from his err regarding the Trinity to a more orthodox and Biblical view. Persuasion is better than persecution. But the Genevan council was determined to make an example of Servetus. They didn't want to become a refuge for heretics.Proof of Calvin's humility and devotion to the Reformation cause was that he drove himself beyond his body's limits. When he was no longer able to walk the couple hundred yards to church, they carried him in a chair. When the doctor forbade him going out into the cold air, his students crowded into his bedroom. When friends urged him to rest, he asked, “Would you have the Lord find me idle when He comes?”I don't want to give the impression, one easily gleaned from some of the biographies of Calvin and his tenure at Geneva, that everyone loved him. He had plenty of opponents and his popularity was a roller-coaster. Some tried to drown out his voice by loud coughing while he preached. Others fired guns outside the church. Dogs were set on him. There were anonymous threats against his life.All this took a toll on the aging Calvin, whose patience gradually wore away. He became unsympathetic and curt. It's said Martin Luther also became cantankerous in his later years. It had to be difficult getting old during this time. Hey, it's hard enough now! In Calvin's later years he showed little attempt to understanding the views of others with whom he disagreed, even less kindness, and definitely less humor, which was always in short supply.While he finally wore out in 1564, his influence didn't. If anything, it's grown massively. Calvin's ideas have been both blamed for and credited with the rise of capitalism, individualism, and western democracy. He was a major influence on people like George Whitefield and Karl Barth, as well as entire movements, such as Puritanism and today's neo-Reformed Resurgence.Calvin's central belief and the core of his theological work was the absolute sovereignty of God.  Calvin said that God was the “Governor of all things.” He contended that, from the remotest eternity, God in His wisdom has decreed what He would do, and by His own power, executes what He's decreed.This sovereignty is much more than a general guidance. Calvin held that the Bible teaches God's particular direction in individual lives. Not a sparrow falls to the ground unknown to the Father. He gives babies to some and withholds them from others. This, Calvin said, wasn't just a relentless fatalism in nature, but the personal decrees of Almighty God, who moves men to walk in His ways.If Luther's core text was “the just shall live by faith,” Calvin's was, “Thy will be done.” He saw the doctrine of predestination as a source of religious devotion. More than a problem of the mind, Calvin considered divine election to eternal life the deepest source of confidence, humility, and moral power.While Calvin did not profess to know in an absolute sense who God's elect were, he taught that three tests constituted a measure by which to judge who might be elect:1) Participation in the sacraments of Baptism and Communion 2) An upright moral life --and-- 3) A public profession of the faith.Calvin maintained that genuine faith resulted in a lifestyle of strenuous effort to introduce the Kingdom of God on Earth. Though the Christian was no longer judged by the law of God, he/she finds the law to be a pattern for moral character. People aren't justified by works, but no one who's justified is without works. The desire to be holy is a mark of saving faith and evidence of being elect. This determined pursuit of moral righteousness was one of the main features of Calvinism and provides a core theme for the Puritans.Calvinism's emphasis on God's sovereignty also led to a special view of civil authority. Luther considered the State supreme and the German princes determined where and how the Gospel would be preached. Calvin said no man—whether king or bishop, had claim to absolute power. He encouraged representative assemblies and affirmed their right to resist tyranny. This resistance to arbitrary power by monarchs was a key factor in the development of modern constitutional governments.While the church, Calvin said, wasn't subject to secular government except where church life intersected the secular sphere, the church was obligated to guide secular authorities in spiritual matters. Calvin's followers went throughout Europe as a kind of informal spiritual conspiracy to overthrow false religion and oppressive governments.Geneva became a beachhead established by God. It seemed a foretaste of better things to come and zealous converts left there to carry the vision far and wide across Europe.Calvinism remained a minority in France but, thanks to some converts among the nobility, the movement gained an importance out of proportion to its numbers. Known as Huguenots, French Calvinists appeared about ready to seize control of the country. So thousands of them were massacred on St. Bartholomew's Day in 1572. They remained a significant minority but never again a serious challenge to the Catholic throne. We'll come back to this sad chapter in a later episode.In the Netherlands, Calvinists united to oust the oppressive Spanish from their land.In Scotland, Calvinists created something unique in 16th C Europe: a land of one religion ruled by a monarch of another. That ruler was Mary, Queen of Scots, an 18-year-old who lived abroad. She married into the French royal family, and the Scots as well as many Englishmen feared she'd deliver Scotland to the French. One man, however, preached everywhere the notion that the people of Scotland could challenge the rule of their queen. That man was John Knox who we'll look at next time.As we conclude this episode, I again want to say “Thank you” to those who've visited the CS FB page and given us a like. And thanks to those who've rated and reviewed the podcast on iTunes. While people access the podcast though different feeds, iTunes in one of the most important because that's how podcasts are evaluated in terms of popularity. The more 5-star ratings we get and written reviews, the more it bumps us up in the ratings.Every so often I remind listeners they can donate to help defray the expenses of associated with the podcast. CS got hammered a while back by fraudsters making bogus donations to the site that ended up costing several hundred dollars, so we had to install some safeguards. As you know, CS isn't monetized. There are no sponsors or ads on the site. It's funded purely by the kindness and generosity of listeners like you. You can donate by going to sanctorum.us. You'll see the link there. That's all I'll say about that.