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Topics:Episode 465: The Iron Fist and the Velvet Glove - A Deep Dive into Recent Global and Local EventsIn this episode, hosts Trevor (Iron Fist) and Joe (Tech Guy) discuss a range of pressing issues from the past week. Topics include the collapse of the ceasefire in Gaza, the socioeconomic implications of recent Israeli airstrikes, and the moral complexities faced by both nations and individuals. They also delve into local Australian news, including Peter Dutton's political stance on Israel, the potential closing of Pine Gap, and the effectiveness of the ORUS deal. The episode touches on broader themes such as media representation of climate change, the troubling nature of antisemitism definitions adopted by Australian universities, and the international response to Trump-era policies. Guest inputs from patrons and a brief mention of personal anecdotes also add depth to the discussions.00:00 Introduction and Welcome00:56 Episode Recap and Listener Interaction02:29 Patron Messages and Suggestions05:26 Israel-Gaza Conflict Overview09:32 International Reactions and Analysis27:50 Australian News and Politics30:43 Factional Politics and the Socialist Equality Party33:02 Climate Change Beliefs in Australia36:26 Support for Ukraine and International Relations41:09 Antisemitism and University Policies53:10 Trump's Policies and Controversies01:02:14 Concluding Remarks and Future PlansTo financially support the Podcast you can make:a per-episode donation via Patreon or one-off donation via credit card; orone-off or regular donations via Paypal orif you are into Cryptocurrency you can send Satoshis. We Livestream every Monday night at 7:30 pm Brisbane time. Follow us on Facebook or YouTube. Watch us live and join the discussion in the chat room.You can sign up for our newsletter, which links to articles that Trevor has highlighted as potentially interesting and that may be discussed on the podcast. You will get 3 emails per week. After the fiasco mentioned in episode 454 I can't use Mailchimp anymore so for the moment, send me an email and I'll add you to a temporary list until something more automated is arranged.We have a website. www.ironfistvelvetglove.com.auYou can email us. The address is trevor@ironfistvelvetglove.com.auYou can send us a voicemail message at SpeakpipeTranscripts started in episode 324. You can use this link to search our transcripts. Type "iron fist velvet glove" into the search directory, click on our podcast and then do a word search. It even has a player which will play the relevant section. It is incredibly quick.
In der heutigen Folge reden Niek, Oru und Lazar über Internetprobleme und Monster Hunter Wilds.Kanalmitglied werden und exklusive Vorteile erhalten:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1U_shXKf5VNMYGHwsmrUyQ/joinDer P3AK DISCORD SERVER:https://discord.gg/p3ak-community-1107786542669377536Orus YouTube Account: https://www.youtube.com/@oru-sanNieks YouTube Account: https://www.youtube.com/@NiekbeatsLazars YouTube Account:https://www.youtube.com/@Lazarsuny
El ilustrador y diseñador gráfico, Luis Orús, nos presenta sus dos ultimas novedades: El cuento "El sistema solar, ¡qué fantástico lugar!", su primer libro ilustrado infantil, divertido y didáctico, perfecto para primeros lectores y niños que están aprendiendo las letras. También hablamos de "Funcionario. La saga de Lars Julrich II!, un cómic para todos los públicos de fantasía medieval, añadiendo humor y diversión a raudales, con el que continúa la saga de Lars Julrich. #comic #zaragoza #historia #fantasia #lasmañanas #dibujo #creatividad
Hoy en el Tema del Día conversamos desde México con los salvadoreños: Orus Villacorta, periodista, Jorge Alvarado comunicador y ex presentador de TCS y Julián Ruiz, estudiante de Comunicación Visual.
Rave Gems are the Various Artists Compilation series of brand new exclusive tracks selected by Sisko Electrofanatik for fall 2024 ! ©️ 2024 Gain Records | Gain Plus www.gainrecords.com #SuperTechno #WeAreWhatWePlay #Dreamtechno
Spécial questions d'auditeurs avec notre spécialiste du comportement canin, Christophe Corré!
Notre spécialiste en comportement canin nous parle des cinq mythes qui faussent notre perception sur le chien!
Ce soir Mél et Louis reçoivent Christophe Corré de Orus.
Ce soir on aborde avec Christophe l'alimentation chez le chien et la procédure de déclaration en cas d'une attaque de chien!
Le retour de notre spécialiste en comportement canin dans le show. On parle du palmarès de Forbes des chiens les plus sages…Selon des bons maîtres?
Entrevue avec Christophe Corré de ORUS.
Entrevue avec Christophe Corré de ORUS
Kviečiame pasiklausyti pokalbio su meteorologu Gyčiu Valaika apie vasarą Lietuvoje: kokių orų laukti antroje vasaros pusėje?
Le chien de la semaine est le populaire Golden Retriever! On parle d'adoptions responsables dans la cour de Christophe et il répond à quelques questions d'auditeurs.
Réflexion avec notre comportementaliste canin sur le début de la saison des abandons d'animaux et de l'éventualité d'accepter les chiens sur les terrasses de restaurants au Québec. Le chien vedette de la semaine a été popularisé par...Lassie! On parle du Collie!
La chronique de Christophe cette semaine présente les nouvelles exigences pour les voyages aux USA avec pitou et les principales erreurs en consultation! (partie 1)
Ce soir, Christophe nous donne des conseils sur la façon de choisir son éducateur canin et il nous présente la race de chien de la semaine: Le Komondor!
Vieniems dėl vėsių orų tenka intesyviau šildyti šiltnamiuose derančius augalus, kiti bando išsaugoti derlių dengdami agro plėvele, tačiau dalis ūkininkų susitaiko su esama situacija. Šparagus Ukmergės rajone auginanti Vidmantė Ščerbinskienė sako, kad paskaičiavus nutarta nedengti laukų plėvele, o tiesiog vėlinti šparagų skynimą. Zarasų rajono ūkininkas Dalius Barzda sako, kad tenka daugiau dėmesio skirti šiltnamių šildymui. Klimatologas Donatas Valiukas pažymi, kad tokios orų permainos dėl klimatos kaitos ateityje tik dažnės.Daugiau nei šimto skirtingų veislių vynuogyną „Dvaruogė“ Kupiškio rajone puoselėja Ineta Svilo su šeima. Auginamos vynuogės yra desertinės – tikslas edukuoti žmones, supažindinti su skirtingomis veislėmis, padėti išsirinkti norimas auginimui. Vėsūs orai neaplenkė ir vynuogyno. Norint vasarą sulaukti derliaus, dabar šiltnamius reikia šildyti.Rubrika „Gamtininko komentaras“. Apie tai, kuo išskirtinis šis pavasaris gamtoje kalbės Kauno marių regioninio parko ekologas, gamtininkas Gerardas Paškevičius tikinantis, kad žiemiški orai gerokai sujaukė gamtos planus. Intensyviai poravimosi procese buvę šaltakraujai gyvūnai dabar turi ieškotis šiltų slėptuvių ir tausoti energiją.Ved. Rūta Simanavičienė
Un spécial question d'auditeurs ce soir!
Un invit bien spécial est en studio avec notre spécialiste en comportement canin! On aborde la prédation chez le chien et la race vedette de la semaine: Le Husky!
Christophe nous amène de la belle visite d'Alexandre Arcand-Langlois, Directeur général de la SPA de Lévis. On discute entre autres du risque d'euthanasie du chien mordeur, de l'adoption responsable en refuge et notre race vedette: Le carlin!
Christophe commente le procès d'Expédition Mi-Loup, de l'importance de choisir la bonne nourriture pour notre animal et la race de chien de la semaine...Le Teckel!
Saates jutustatakse kunagise inkade impeeriumi südaalast.
Model Olga Orus joins host Nikki Gal for a conversation on navigating the modeling industry as an actress, the magic of writing your own story in your own language, self-expression, the temporary nature of the modeling industry, the topic of rejection, as well as drive and motivation within self-love. Living in NYC, Olga Orus has studied acting for most of her life, so coming into the modeling was another way of acting for her. Since pursuing modeling, she has developed different outlooks and perspectives of herself. Connect with Olga: Olga's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/oneluckiestgirlalive?igsh=MXZ6OGgwYWFlbzlpMg== Connect with host Nikki Gal: https://www.nikkigal.com
Dos mujeres policías resultaron lesionadas tras un asalto al interior de una tienda de autoservicio ubicada en Canal de San Juan Orus un cachorro de pitbull de solo cuatro meses, fue asesinado a machetazosNinguna guerra vale la pérdida de la vida, por lo que hace un llamado por la paz en el mundo: Papa FranciscoMás información en nuestro podacast
Maailma klubijalgpallis päris suureks kaubamärgiks tõusnud Amsterdami Ajax - kes alles nelja aasta eest mängis Meistrite liiga poolfinaalis - on sügaval kriisis. Koduliigas asutakse eelviimasel kohal, direktoreid ja treenereid vahetatakse kui sokke, üks klubisisene tüli ajab teist taga ning tagatipus tuleb tegelda huligaanitsevate fännidega. Miks ja kuidas on Ajax säärasesse seisu jõudnud? Samuti vaatame ette nädalavahetuse suurtele mängudele nii Hispaanias kui Inglismaal, aga Eesti liigas. Panustamisrubriigis on luubi all paf.ee koefitsiendid. Vutikohtu saatejuhid on Ott Järvela (Soccernet.ee) ja Andres Vaher (Õhtuleht).
French startup Orus has raised an $11.6 million Series A funding round (€11 million).
Dalį įstaigų antradienį pradėjo šildyti Vilnius ir Šiauliai – Šiauliuose nuo ketvirtadienio šiluma bus tiekiama visiems vartotojams. Kaune švietimo, globos ir gydymo įstaigų pastatai bus pradėti šildyti ketvirtadienį. Centralizuotas šildymas pirmadienį pradėtas Radviliškio rajone, antradienį – Rietave ir Rokiškio rajone. Pasvalyje šildymo sezoną ketinama pradėti ketvirtadienį, Akmenėje – spalio 19 dieną.Kada prasidės šildymo sezonas Alytuje FM99 klausė Alytaus miesto savivaldybės administracijos direktoriaus Gintaro Rakaičio – atsakymas “Stebime orus”… Šildymo sezonas paprastai pradedamas, kai tris paras iš eilės vidutinė paros temperatūra yra žemesnė nei 10 laipsnių.
Adopter un chien, c'est toute une décision.
Trumpa informacinė RADIOCENTRO laida apie mokslo naujienas ir naujausius pasiekimus.Klausyk šiokiadieniais 13.30 val. per RADIOCENTRĄ arba mūsų podkaste „Mokslas šiandien“.
Vienas vienintelis aisbergas, atskilęs nuo ledyno Antarktikoje, kone ketverius metus tirpdamas kasdien į vandenynus išvarvindavo pusantro milijardo tonų vandens. Ką gali žmogus prieš tokią stichiją?Ved. Aidas Puklevičius
The Bank of South Sudan has increased the Central Bank Interest Rate by 300 bps from 12 per cent to 15 per cent. Akol Dok, Managing Partner at Orus, joins us for this episode to discuss this key decision further
Roman Orus, founder and Chief Scientific Officer of Multiverse Computing, is interviewed by Yuval Boger. Roman and Yuval spoke about developing quantum applications for customers, whether the right solution for the customer comes from a vertical-specific company or a quantum-centric company, their operating philosophy, and much more.
As NISQ-era quantum computing improves, we're on the cusp of practical advantage within a couple of years. But some companies want to see impressive performance today. That's where quantum-inspired solutions can provide up to triple the power, all on classical hardware. Learning quantum-inspired programming could even help coders migrate to real quantum computers in the future. Could these approaches even improve ChatGPT and stable diffusion AI such as Midjourney or DALL-E? Join Host Konstantinos Karagiannis for a quantum-inspired chat with Roman Orus from Multiverse Computing.For more on Multiverse Computing, visit https://multiversecomputing.com/.To experiment with Microsoft Azure QIO, visit https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/quantum/optimization-overview-introduction.Visit Protiviti at www.protiviti.com/postquantum to learn more about how Protiviti is helping organizations get post-quantum ready. Follow host Konstantinos Karagiannis on Twitter and Instagram: @KonstantHacker and follow Protiviti Technology on LinkedIn and Twitter: @ProtivitiTech. Contact Konstantinos at konstantinos.karagiannis@protiviti.com. Questions and comments are welcome! Theme song by David Schwartz. Copyright 2021.
Christophe de chez Orus nous parle du langage des animaux, particulièrement celui du chien ce soir.
Christophe Corré de Orus en studio pour nous parler de l'adoption d'un chien.
Agradece a este podcast tantas horas de entretenimiento y disfruta de episodios exclusivos como éste. ¡Apóyale en iVoox! El pasado 15 de octubre se entregaron los Premios Asespod (Asociación de escuchas de podcasting) en Madrid. Inesperadamente éramos finalistas al Mejor Podcast votado por el público, y decimos inesperadamente porque nos acompañaban podcast de la categoría de: El Descampao, Roma Aeterna, Casus Belli, Coffee Break, Histocast... Nos habría encantado asistir a la entrega de premios en las Jpod , pero como ninguno de los alkimistas podíamos ir, mandamos a nuestro odiador número uno: Germán G. Latorre de "Vivo entre Muggles" que nos ha enviado este Chronicles junto con la colaboración esporádica de Jimbur de "la Voz de Orus" y "la Red Marciana". Escucha este episodio completo y accede a todo el contenido exclusivo de Alkemist. Descubre antes que nadie los nuevos episodios, y participa en la comunidad exclusiva de oyentes en https://go.ivoox.com/sq/875365
El 16 de octubre, a las 7:04 a. m. EDT, la nave espacial Lucy de la NASA, la primera misión a los asteroides troyanos de Júpiter, rozará la atmósfera de la Tierra, pasando apenas 220 millas (350 kilómetros) sobre la superficie. Al pasar junto a la Tierra en el primer aniversario de su lanzamiento, Lucy obtendrá parte de la energía orbital que necesita para viajar a esta población de asteroides nunca antes visitada. Los asteroides troyanos están atrapados en órbitas alrededor del sol a la misma distancia que Júpiter, ya sea muy por delante o por detrás del planeta gigante. Lucy está actualmente en un año en un viaje de doce años. Esta asistencia por gravedad colocará a Lucy en una nueva trayectoria para una órbita de dos años, momento en el cual regresará a la Tierra para una segunda asistencia por gravedad. Esta segunda asistencia le dará a Lucy la energía que necesita para cruzar el cinturón de asteroides principal, donde observará el asteroide Donaldjohanson, y luego viajará al enjambre de asteroides troyanos líder. Allí, Lucy volará más allá de seis asteroides troyanos: Eurybates y su satélite Queta, Polymele y su satélite aún sin nombre, Leucus y Orus. Luego, Lucy regresará a la Tierra para una tercera asistencia de gravedad en 2030 para volver a apuntar a la nave espacial para una cita con el par de asteroides binarios Patroclus-Menoetius en el enjambre de asteroides troyanos que lo sigue.
Kuris Apokalipsės raitelis pasirodo pirmas? Maras, karas, badas ar dar kuris? O gal nėra jokių raitelių? Tik mūsų nenugalimas noras dramatizuoti savo gyvenamą istorijos tarpsnį?Ved. Aidas Puklevičius
On Today's episode of Meet the CEO, we bring you Akol Dok, Managing Partner at Orus Consulting.He talks about his relocation to South Sudan and also his passion for diversification and what that can do for not just South Sudan, but Africa.
Ce mardi 12 juillet, Orus, une néo-assurance française destinée aux professionnelles, offrant une assurance simple, flexible et adaptée aux besoins des entreprises, notamment à destination des TPE et des PME, a été abordée par Côme Dartiguenave, CEO et co-fondateur de Orus, dans la chronique La pépite, dans l'émission Good Morning Business, présentée par Sandra Gandoin et Christophe Jakubyszyn, sur BFM Business. Retrouvez l'émission du lundi au vendredi et réécoutez la en podcast.
Ce mardi 12 juillet, Sandra Gandoin et Christophe Jakubyszyn ont reçu Côme Dartiguenave, CEO et co-fondateur de Orus, Franck Mouton, président de France Biotech, Stéphane Salustro, associé responsable des activités Deals chez PwC France et Maghreb, Eric Baissus, président du Directoire de Kalray, et Jean-Claude Maillard, président de Figeac Aero, dans l'émission Good Morning Business sur BFM Business. Retrouvez l'émission du lundi au vendredi et réécoutez la en podcast.
Podcastarama : Avis des auditeurs : ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ Avis de la presse : ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Bienveillance, franchise, disponibilité des managers… Chez Jobteaser on peut parler de tout à tout le monde sans tabou. La "bible" Jobteaser c'est l'ouvrage de Kim Scott, Radical Candor. Mais alors pourquoi quitter une société dans laquelle on considère qu'il y a une super culture et dans un job qu'on aime ? Un élément de réponse : avoir une faible aversion au risque et c'est le cas de Samuel. “Pierre, il est où le risque au final ? Dans un secteur aussi dynamique que l'IT, si je me plante en lançant Orus, je n'imagine pas ne pas rebondir.” Je ne sais pas si c'est corrélé, mais Samuel se lance dans un secteur très lié à la gestion du risque : l'assurance ou plutôt la "néo-assurance". L'ambition ? Simplifier la vie des entrepreneurs à travers une assurance qui se lit, se souscrit, se résilie en quelques clics. Pourquoi ce secteur ? Parce que le taux de satisfaction client est faible, ce qui en fait facteur clé de succès. Dans cet épisode, nous revenons sur plusieurs expériences, notamment sa première en tant que CTO chez Kapten (ex Chauffeur Privé) qui l'inspirera en termes de recrutement. Sur le papier, il n'est pas l'homme de la situation, il n'a pas le parcours idéal mais c'est l'envie, la motivation et le potentiel qui décideront les associés à lui faire confiance. Samuel tâche de recruter et de s'entourer en faisant le pari du potentiel et de l'envie. Son 2ème conseil recrutement ? La conception ! En amont des entretiens, il y a la fiche de poste. Si elle est mal conçue, il y a toutes les chances de se prendre un mur. Samuel illustre ce propos avec un mur qu'il s'est lui-même pris. Et pour savoir comment on peut rendre compatible la timidité avec un poste de CTO qui implique présentations, représentations et interventions publiques, il faudra écouter jusqu'à la fin du Podcast
Šiemet 95 metai sukanka ne tik Lietuvos radijui, bet ir pirmajai oficialiai orų prognozei Lietuvoje. Kaip keičiantis klimatui kinta mūsų gebėjimas nuspėti orus? O kas ateityje laukia radijo?Klimato, orų ir radijo istorijų apžvalga bei prognozės su radijo klausytojais Alfonsu Navicku (1926-2021) ir Emilija Juzeliūnaite, meteorologu dr. Gintautu Stankūnavičiumi, klimato apžvalgininku Silvestru Dikčiumi ir ateities šaukliu tituluojamu menininku, tekstų kūrėju ir atlikėju Žygimantu Kudirka.Autorės Vita Ličytė ir Vaida PilibaitytėArtūro Morozovo nuotrauka
Klimatologė Audronė Galvonaitė: nauja knyga, meilė detektyvams ir Vilniui.Iniciatyvos ,,Gatvės gyvos“ pradininkas Albertas Kazlauskas – apie naujas ekskursijas Vilniuje, paslaugas per karantinus, turus, kuriuos galima parsisiųsti į programėles.Per pandemiją lietuviai nusipirko ar globoti priėmė daugiau šunų. Kinologai ir dresuotojai sako, kad grįžtant prie įprasto gyvenimo pradeda matytis jų socializacijos ir kitos problemos. Lietuvos kinologų draugijos atstovė Augustė Daukšienė, dresuotoja Rita Jakštaitė ir jos šuo Runis.Lietuviai sukūrė elektrinį triratį „AKO Trike“. Inžinierius Jurgis Lečas.Ved. Giedrė Čiužaitė
While the Chagatai Khanate, the division of the Mongol Empire encompassing much of Central Asia and Northwestern China, has a reputation as the Mongol Khannate to fragment into infighting first, this would not have been the view for an observer on the ground in the early fourteenth century. Following the death of Qaidu, the Ogedeid master of Central Asia in the last decades of the thirteenth century, his former ally Du’a, Khan of the Chagatais, stood dominant, particularly with the Great Peace he achieved between the Khanates in 1304. Picking up from our previous episode, we take you through the history of the Chagatai Khanate in the early fourteenth century, from Du’a’s singular rule in 1301 through the reigns of the six of his sons who became Khan, ending with Tarmashirin in 1334. I’m your host David, and this is Kings and Generals: Ages of Conquest. At the close of the previous episode, Qaidu Khan was dead. Qaidu was a descendant of Great Khan Ogedai, and as we covered thoroughly in episode 41, had from 1271 until 1300 been the most influential figure in Central Asia. Over the 1270s he came to dominate the Chagatai Khanate, finally consolidating his hold over them in 1282 when he appointed Du’a, a grandson of Chagatai, as their Khan. Du’a and Qaidu worked well together, ushering in a period of rebuilding for the Chagatai Khanate after the tumultuous 1260s and 70s. Qaidu was definitely the senior partner in the relationship, and led their wars against Khan Khubilai in northwestern China and western Mongolia. But with Qaidu’s death in 1301, Du’a had had enough of the fighting. Du’a had been injured and forced to retreat before the Yuan armies. Only the year before, his eldest son Qutlugh Khwaja was killed fighting in India, and the Khan of the Blue Horde, the eastern wing of the Golden Horde, was attempting to rally the other Khanates into making a joint attack on the Ogedeids and Chagatayids. For the Central Asian Khanates, such a coalition would be absolutely disastrous. A combined Golden Horde, Ilkhanate and Yuan assault from all directions would be unstoppable. Du’a wanted to rest, recoup his strength and throw Mongol energies away from each other, and against unconquered lands like India. Interfering with the Ogedeid succession after Qaidu’s death, Du’a ensured Qaidu’s less compentent son Chapar was on the throne, then sent an embassy to the Great Khan Temur Oljeitu offering to recognize his authority. Temur Oljeitu was delighted, immediately accepted and over 1304 and 1305 messengers were sent across the Mongol Empire, inviting the Golden Horde and Ilkhanate to once more recognize the Great Khan. The Great Rapproachment saw the resumption of tribute and revenues back and forth across the empire, reconstruction and expansion of postal stations, the travelling of envoys and merchants, and the true start of a pax Mongolica. Against the Delhi Sultanate of India Du’a sent more armies, though no joint-Mongol campaign against India ever materialized. Du’a made good use of the partnership with the Yuan, for he was soon skirmishing, and then at war with, the Ogedeids. Many of the Ogedeid princes had not taken kindly to Du’a efforts to divide them, and had begun to oppose him. In 1306 Du’a, in conjunction with a Yuan army under the future Khaghan Qaishan, defeated a Ogedeid army under Qaidu’s sons Chapar and Orus. Chapar surrendered, and the Ogedeis were left splintered. Chagatai horsemen were unleashed to hunt down those princes who still resisted; it is in these raids that Qaidu’s famous daughter Qutulun was likely killed. Du’a would have wiped out the last of the Ogedeids, had he not died the next year in 1307. So ended the life of the longest reigning Chagatai Khan, who had overseen a recovery of the weakened ulus. Realigning their diplomatic position with their Mongol kinsmen, the Chagatais seemed poised to enter a new period of strength. Du’a was succeeded by his son Konchek, who continued his father’s policies until his sudden death in 1308. Power was then seized by a distant cousin, Naliqo’a. Naliqo’a was the brother of a man who had briefly been Khan in the 1270s before Du’a took the throne, and was a great-grandson of Chagatai via his son Buri. Naliqo’a’s reign as Khan was a shock to the Khanate. Firstly was the fact that he was not of the line of Du’a Khan. Du’a had been Khan for many years, and had many sons desiring the throne. Many within the Chagatai Khanate, especially those same sons, felt the throne belonged to the line of Du’a, and that Naliqo’a was thus a usurper despite his Chagatai heritage. Additionally, he was a Muslim, and sought to impose islamisizing policies upon the Chagatais. While the Chagatai Khanate is often dismissed as one of the Khanates which immediately converted to Islam, the conversion of the Chagatai realm was a slower and more difficult process than in either the Golden Horde or Ilkhanate. Mubarak Shah, during the few months he had been Khan in the previous episode, may have been a Muslim, but had not reigned long enough for that to matter. Baraq Khan allegedly converted to Islam just before his death in 1271, but this had no impact on his reign. No Chagatai Khan since had been a Muslim, and for many in the Khanate, particularly in the eastern half where there was little contact with Muslims, the strong pro-Islam stanch of Naliqo’a Khan was seen as inherently conflicting to the yassa of Chinggis Khan. Khan Naliqo’a thus received stiff resistance. By 1309 he was murdered at banquet in a coup led by one of Du’a’s son, Kebek. Kebek was a clever man but did not want to be Khan, inviting his brother Esen-Buqa to take the throne. This upheaval in the Chagatai Khanate prompted a last ditch attempt by the Ogedeid princes to rebel against the Chagatais, which Kebek and Esen-Buqa, with difficulty, crushed by 1310. With the last of the Ogedeid princes fleeing to the Yuan Dynasty, the Khanate of the house of Ogedei was finally dissolved, its territory split between the Chagatai and the Yuan. The popular image of the Mongol Empire dividing into four Khanates -the Golden Horde, the Ilkhanate, Yuan Dynasty, and Chagatai Khanate- only truly existed from 1310 onwards with the dissolution of the Ogedeids, domination of the Blue Horde by the Golden Horde, and the Qara’unas in Afghanistan largely coming under Chagatai control. Later authors, both medieval and modern, would anachronistically throw this back to the time of Mongke’s death, or even Chinggis’ division of the empire amongst his sons, but it was a gradual evolution in no-way planned. The “four successor khanates” of the Mongol Empire did not exist in their popularly imagined way until the first decade of the fourteenth century. Without the Ogedeis as a common enemy, the Chagatai and Yuan were soon squabbling over the border. In the process of dividing up the Ogedeid territory, in which the Yuan took the land east of the Altai mountains and the Chagatai the west, some of the Chagatayid pasture lands came under Yuan control. Khan Esen-Buqa sought to get the Yuan border garrisons to redraw the border, but they would not budge. The Yuan garrison commander refused to recognize the legitimacy of Esen-Buqa’s status as a Khan. Esen-Buqa began to fear that the Yuan and the Ilkhanate were planning a joint attack on the Chagatayids, and began to make his own plots. He tried to ally with the new Khan of the Golden Horde, Ozbeg, and in 1312 sent his nephew to attack Ilkhanid Khurasan, where he was repusled. Tensions mounted, and in 1313 Esen-Buqa detained Yuan envoys to the Ilkhanate, and finally in 1314 he assaulted the Yuan border outposts. The garrison commander was a veteran though, who had warnings of the plot. Moving the families of his men back, Esen-Buqa’s forces were met only by a crack tumen of troops who forced the Chagatais back. Esen-Buqa tried to offset his losses in the northeast by launching an attack on the Ilkhanate with his brother Kebek in 1315. The campaign was cut short when they learned that the Great Khan Ayurburwada, furious at Esen-Buqa’s provacations, had ordered an all out invasion of the Chagatai Khanate. Esen-Buqa had, in his fear, created the situation he had so dreaded. The armies of the Yuan advanced as far as Lake Issyk Kul and Talas before withdrawing, and strengthened their border positions. The situation remained strained; after the invasion one of the Chagatai princes in Transoxania, a Muslim named Yasawur, defected with 30-40,000 troops to the Ilkhanate, while the Yuan prince Qoshila, son of Qaishan, fled to the Chagatais. Sporadic border fighting continued, and threat of an open resumption of hostilities remained until both Esen-Buqa and Great Khan Ayurburwada were dead by 1320. Their successors, Esen-Buqa’s brother Kebek and Ayurburwada’s son Shidebala, proved more amenable to peace, and by 1323, after being convinced that there was no plot to overrun inner Asia, Kebek Khan recognized the supremacy of Great Khan Shidebala, though as you’ll recall from episode 44, Shidebala did not have long to remark on the triumph. Sending two princesses for Kebek Khan to marry and resuming trade and tribute, the Yuan and Chagatai relationship remained amicable for the remainder of Yuan rule in China. Kebek Khan was a competent and able ruler. Almost immediately after becoming Khan, the new Ilkhan Abu Sa’id invited Kebek Khan to attack the rebel Chagatai prince Yasawur, who had since revolted against the Ilkhans. The campaign was successful and Yasawur was killed, but Kebek was then assured of his military strength and the weakness of the Ilkhans. In 1321 he ordered attacks on the Delhi Sultanate in India, and in 1322 invaded the Ilkhanate in a joint effort with the Golden Horde Khan Ozbeg, who was in the midst of repeated rounds of conflict with the young Ilkhan Abu Sa’id. The campaigns were failures. Both Ozbeg and Kebek found themselves hampered by weather and a skillful defence by the teenage Abu Sa’id and his amir, Choban. When Kebek moved his brother Tarmashirin into Ghazna in Afghanistan in 1326, the Ilkhan’s suspected another attack, and Choban’s son was sent to deliver a crushing defeat onto Tarmashirin and occupied Ghazna. Despite the fact Tarmashirin recaptured Ghazna later that year, it did little to offset the frustration at the setbacks. While Kebek’s military ventures were never really successful, in internal matters he proved himself a capable administrator. Unlike the previous Chagatai Khans who ruled from the steppes and based themselves around Almaliq, Kebek moved himself into Transoxania, or Mawarannahr. At Qarshi he built a new capital, and oversaw efforts to revitalize and improve agriculture and trade. Minting new denominations of coins, he also consistently minted these coins in his name unlike previous Chagatai Khans. The coins were, due to this, known as kebeks, and became a widely used currency in Central Asia. Arguments have been made that these are the origin of the Russian word for a certain denomination of the ruble, the kopek. Khan Kebek sought to limit the power of regional princes, dividing the realm into new administrative units, tumens. Essentially, districts which could support the raising of 10,000 men for war. His reforms and control of power garnered him a reputation and legacy as a just, respectable ruler, even among Muslims. The famous Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta, who passed through the Chagatai Khanate in the early 1330s, recorded anecdotes of Kebek’s just nature and friendliness to Islam. The reign of Kebek had other, unforeseen consequences for the Chagatai Khanate though. Kebek spent his reign in the western half of the Khanate, Transoxania. This was the more densely populated half of the Chagatai Khanate between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya, the heart of the former Khwarezmian Empire. The great cities of Bukhara and Samarkand sat here, and the influence of both Islam and Persian culture were great. There were nomads living here of course, but in close proximity to the sedentary population. The nomads here also owned mills, gardens, villages and benefitted from agriculture. Many of the Mongol noyans and princes who settled here converted to Islam first. Culturally, this was a region very distinct from the eastern half of the Khanate. This was a diverse range of territory, stretching east of the Syr Darya and Ferghana Valley, the Chagatais controlled up to the Tarim Basin and at times, the Uighur lands in Turfan. Some of this was rugged mountain, the northern stretches of the Pamirs and the Tienshan mountains; some was inhospitable desert, as in the Tarim Basin and the frightful Taklamakan desert. The region north of the Tienshan was home to open steppe, the lakes Balkhash and Issyk Kul and lower reaches of the Irtysh River, rolling hills, and low mountains that lay west and south of the Altai Mountains, bordering on the western edge of Mongolia. Today it forms parts of northern Xinjiang, eastern Kazakhstan and western Mongolia. Often, it is called Dzungaria or the Dzungar Basin, after the Oirat kingdom based in the region in the 17th century famous for their wars against the Qing Dynasty. Before the Mongol conquests, this was the realm of the Qara-Khitai. From the 14th century until the Dzungar conquests though, this broad expanse of land was Moghulistan; land of the Mongols. In these steppe lands, a great many Mongols had migrated during the conquest period. The existing agricultural settlements in the steppe here had largely been destroyed and turned over to pasture for Mongol imperial usage in the mid-thirteenth century. Settlements were few and far between; even in the Tarim Basin, famed trade cities like Kashgar, Yarkand and Khotan hugged the borders of the fearsome Taklamakan, and were under the thumb of Mongol chiefs. The sedentary world held no mastery over the Mongols here, who remained true to their ways. Islam only slowly came to the region. To be the ruler here, a man needed to be a mighty steppe warlord. If not living there, the Chagatai Khan had to make yearly trips to hold council with the local Mongol chiefs to make sure they felt included. Kebek’s decision to move his government into the heart of Transoxania began a rift between the Khan and the Mongols in Moghulistan. Feeling left out of power by Khans more interested in sedentarized and Islamic culture, while also under less and less direct influence of the Khan, the chiefs of the eastern half of the Khanate became more powerful. Of these, the mightiest would be the Dughlats. A proud Mongol tribe that made themselves wealthy by controlling many of the trade cities of the Tarim Basin, the Dughlats were to become a dominant player in Chagatai politics after the end of Du’a’s sons, The might of the Dughlats will be something we will return to next episode, though they were observers to the events we describe today. Kebek’s reign saw the division into Transoxania and Moghulistan begin, but it took decades to widen. He died in 1327, succeeded by his brother Eljigidei, a more typical steppe Khan who returned the court to the traditional capital around Almaliq. A devout Buddhist, he was a proponent of religious toleration and was friendly to Christian missionaries in his lands. The most notable action of his reign was his support for the Yuan prince Qoshila. As you may recall from episode 44 when Eljigidei had his brief cameo, whe the Yuan Emperor Yesun-Temur died, a coup by the Qipchaq officer El Temur resulted in the disappearance of Yesun-Temur’s young son and successor. El Temur and Qoshila’s brother, Tuq Temur, invited Qoshila to return and take the throne, and the Chagatai Khan Eljigidei accompanied Qoshila into Mongolia proper. Eljigidei was present at Qoshila’s enthronement north of Karakorum in February 1329, the first Chagatai Khan to return to Mongolia in decades. Eljigidei then returned to the Chagatai Khanate, where he was understandibly quite annoyed to learn of Qoshila’s murder later that year, but did nothing about it, due to his death in 1330. Eljigidei was succeeded by another brother, Dore-Temur, who reigned less than a year before being succeeded by his brother, Tarmashirin, one of the most famous Chagatai Khans. In 1331, Tarmashirin became the sixth and last of Du’a’s sons to be Khan. An experienced soldier from fighting the Ilkhanate and Delhi Sultanate, Tarmashirin moved the court back to Transoxania and continued to promote trade and agriculture as Kebek had done. Unlike Kebek, Tarmashirin was a Muslim, the first Muslim Khan since the brief reign of Naliqo’a over twenty years prior. Like Naliqo’a, he enacted a number of pro-Muslim policies. So well known was his Islam that even in the Mamluk Sultanate he was reported as a devout adherent to sharia. It’s unclear when he converted to Islam. His name, Tarmashirin, is Buddhist, suggesting that he was probably, like many of his brothers, raised in a Buddhist environment. Professor Michal Biran suggested that Tarmashirin may have converted to Islam as late as 1329. Only the year before, Tarmashirin had led an attack on India, and a letter from the Delhi Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq survives from this time asking the Ilkhan Abu Sa’id to ally with him against the enemies of Islam coming from the Chagatai khanate. Tarmashirin may have converted in order to preempt an alliance between the Ilkhanate and Delhi and open his own friendly relations with the Delhi Sultante, and to make himself stand out among candidates to the Chagatai throne. There certainly had been a growth in Islam among the Mongols of the Chagatai ulus since Naliqo’a’s reign, largely in the western half of the Khanate. Among the Turkified Mongolian tribe of Barlas, situated near Samarkand and the ancestors of Amir Temur, by the 1330s, 50-70% of the Barlas commanders listed in the sources bore Islamic names of Arab origin. Tarmashirin, who certainly favoured Transoxania, may have hoped to appeal to these Mongols for support, particularly since there is some indication he may have seized the throne from his brother Dore-Temur. An embassy from Tarmashirin arrived in the Yuan Dynasty in 1331 announcing his enthronement, and only four months later an embassy alleging to be from Dore-Temur is recorded as arriving in the Yuan realm. Tarmashirin was in a rocky position where, for many of the military elite, adherence to the yassa of Chinggis Khan mattered a great deal more than adherence to sharia. Ibn Battuta met Tarmashirin in 1333 during his trek from the Golden Horde to India, and his brief interaction with this famous author is probably in large part why Tarmashirin is more well known than his brothers. Battuta thought highly of the Khan, writing of him: “He is the exalted sultan ‘Ala al-Din Tarmashirin, a man of great distinction, possessed of numerous troops and regiments of cavalry, a vast kingdom and immense power, and just in his government. His territories lie between four of the great kings of the earth, namely the king of China, the king of India, the king of al-’Iraq and the [Khan Ozbeg], all of whom send him gifts and hold him in high respect and honour. He succeeded to the kingdom after brother [Eljigidei]. This [Eljigidei] was an infidel and succeeded his elder brother Kabak, who was an infidel also, but was just in government, showing equity to the oppressed and favour and respect to the Muslims.” Ibn Battuta then writes of his interactions with Tarmashirin, depicting him as a pious man who never missed prayer, listened intently to the complaints of his subjects and was generous: on Battuta’s departure from Tarmashirin after 54 days, the Khan gave Battuta some 700 silver dinars, a sable coat worth another 100 as well as horses and camels. This generosity was evidently not extended to the chiefs of the eastern half of the ulus, who felt betrayed by the shift of power to the sedentary and Islamic western half. It was not just a betrayal of themselves, but of the yassa of Chinggis Khan. Ibn Battuta describes Tarmashirin violating certain aspects of the yassa, with the most notable violation coming from never visiting the eastern half of the Khanate, and never convening toi, or feasts, annual meetings with the chiefs there. The Mamluk historian al-Safadi goes further, writing that Tarmashirin entirely abolished the yassa and insulted it. For Mongol chiefs who held their identity as Mongols dear (despite the fact they largely spoke Turkic by now) it was an unforgivable crime. His favouring of Islam and apparent refusal to allow Christians and Jews within his empire rebuild their churches suggests he did not adopt the much espoused Mongol religious pluralism, implying another disavowment of the yassa. Accusations from some sources that Tarmashirin even tried to have Mongols practice agriculture and abandon nomadism would have pushed these tensions even further. There is another factor at play, emphasized by Michal Biran. As you may have noticed throughout our series, succession among the Mongols, though generally restricted to a specific lineage, could be a free-for-all within that lineage. In this case, the lineage was that of Tarmashirin’s father Du’a. Succession in many Turkic and Mongolian states could be linear, that is, father-to-son, or laterally, that is, brother-to-brother. Often, succession would not be linear until the lateral line of succession had been exhausted. Only once all surviving brothers had died, could the succession pass to the next generation. Tarmashirin, as the last son of Du’a, was therefore the last khan before all the sons of his brothers could throw their names in for the khanate. Tarmashirin may have pushed his brother from the throne, alienated the militarized half of the khanate by ignoring them, becaming Muslim and favouring sedentary society, and was the last obstacle before many of these annoyed princes could make their own claims for the Khanate. Tarmashirin essentially set himself up to be violently overthrown. In summer 1334, a few months after ibn Battuta’s departure from Tarmashirn and only three years into his reign, rebellion arose in the eastern half of the Khanate, led by Tarmashirin’s nephews. A number of chiefs and princes declared Tarmashirin’s nephew Buzan the new Khan. Buzan was a son of Dore-Temur, the brother who Tarmashirin may have pushed from the throne, and was supported by other grandsons of Du’a. They invaded the western Chagatai realm with a large force, and a frightened Tarmashirin fled south, seemingly to Ghazna, where he had previously been stationed and may have had allies. However, Tarmashirin was captured and brought to Buzan, who had Tarmashirin executed near Samarkand sometime in fall 1334. So ended the reign of Tarmashirin Khan, last of the sons of Du’a. … or was it? Ibn Battuta records that a man claiming to be Tarmashirin later appeared in India. A number of former retainers of Tarmashirin, including a physician, had also fled to the Delhi Sultante following the rebellion of Buzan. These retainers, when sent to identify this Tarmashirin, vouched for his identity. The physician claimed this man even bore the same scar from a boil the physician had removed from the back of Tarmashirin’s knee. However, Tarmashirin’s son and daughter had fled to the Delhi Sultanate, and it was decided that, based on their account of their father’s death, that this man had to be a fraud. So, the faux-Tarmashirin was exiled from India, finally making his way to Shiraz in Iran. Ibn Battuta passed through Shiraz some time later and tried to meet this Tarmashirin for himself, but was blocked from doing so, and could therefore not confirm the identity of the so-called Tarmashirin. Though Tarmashirin has been often remarked upon for his conversion to Islam, his religion did not usher in a transformation of the Ilkhanate into an Islamic state. Indeed, his religion likely played a large role in his ultimate dismissal. Tarmashirin could not be the Ilkhanate’s version of Ghazan of the Ilkhanate or Ozbeg of the Golden Horde. Rather, Tarmashirin’s conversion was an indication of the gradual conversion of the western half of the Chagatai Khanate, where he spent much of his life and his entire reign. The Khanate, that is some of the Mongols, was marginally more Muslim than it had been during the reign of Naliqo’a, for instance, but it the most dangerous element, the nomadic military elite and Mongol chiefs in the east, Moghulistan, were not Muslims. It was this elite that any man hoping to rule would need to placate, but no Chagatai Khan after Tarmashirin could rule comfortably now. The rebellion, as we will cover in our next episode, had dramatic consequences for the Chagatai Khanate, and brought about a period of anarchy which ultimately contributed to the rise of Amir Temur, or Tamerlane, so be sure to subscribe to the Kings and Generals Podcast to follow. If you’d like to help us continue bringing you great content, then consider supporting us on patreon at www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. This episode was researched and written by our series historian, Jack Wilson. I’m your host David, and we’ll catch you on the next one.
Žurnalistų Birutės Davidonytės ir Dovydo Pancerovo laidoje – pokalbis su klimatologe Audrone Galvonaite. Kokios grėsmės dėl klimato kaitos laukia Lietuvos? Kodėl susidaro įspūdis, kad lietuviai vis laukia pasaulio pabaigos? Ir kodėl niekada nebus šimtaprocentinių orų prognozių?
Isis y Osiris fueron dos dioses egipcios hermanos gemelos.
Qaidu was raised in Chinggis Khan’s camp, and after Ogedai Khaan he served in Mongke Khaan’s retinue. After him, he was with Ariq Boke, conspiring and amking efforts to elevate him to the khanate. When Ariq Boke went before Kublai Khaan and submitted to him, Qaidu was wary of Kublai Khaan because it was the law that no creature should change the Khaan’s command or decree, and any who did would be branded as criminals. He had transgressed the law and rebelled, and from that time until present, ona account of his rebellion, many Mongols and Tajiks have been annhilated, and flourishing land has been devastated.” So our oft-cited friend Rashid al-Din describes, rather negatively, his contemporary Qaidu, Khan of the house of Ogedai and master of Central Asia in the late thirteenth century. Qaidu is best known for his daughter Qutulun, the wrestler-princess, his long resistance against his cousin Kublai, Great Khan of the Yuan Dynasty, and enjoys a popular image as a spirited defender of traditional Mongolian culture- or, for writers like Rashid al-Din, an image of little more than a brigand harassing settled regions. To explore Kublai’s failed attempts to exert power over the western half of the Mongol Empire, we will look at the long life of Qaidu, master of the uluses of Ogedai and Chagatai. I’m your host David, and this is Kings and Generals: Ages of Conquest. While Kublai Khan overcame his brother Ariq Boke to become Khan of Khans in 1264, that was not the end of his troubles from his Mongolian kinsmen. Many refused to recognize Kublai’s authority, or actively took up arms against him, most famously Qaidu, a grandson of Ogedai Khan who led a 40 year campaign of resistance against Kublai Khan. While most famous for stories of his warrior daughter Qutulun and for his own personal sternness and military ability, Qaidu’s reign has often been misportrayed as an effort to seize the title of the Great Khan. His main focus however, was securing the position of the descendants of Ogedai within a fragmenting Mongol Empire. Chinggis Khan had granted parts of eastern Kazakhstan, Xinjiang and western Mongolia as personal ulus, or territory, to his son Ogedai, serving as a base for Ogedai’s family until the 1250s. The Toluid Revolution, which by now you should know very well, saw the seizure of the throne by the sons of Tolui, away from the line of Ogedai following the death of the final Ogedeid Great Khan, Guyuk, in 1248. After Tolui’s eldest son Mongke became Khan in 1251, he discovered an alleged conspiracy against him by Ogedai’s family. This served as pretext for a purge of the Ogedaids, killing many and confiscating their lands and armies, effectively dissolving the Ogedaid ulus, as explained back in episode 21 of this series. Those few who survived, such as the young Qaidu, were granted distant lands to appease them but which were too poor to serve as a base for resistance. Born only around 1235 or 6, Qaidu was only just entering manhood when Mongke carried out his purges, deemed too young to be a threat. In proper Ogedeid fashion Qaidu’s father, Ogedai’s fifth son Qashi, drank himself to an early death shortly before Qaidu’s birth, leaving Qaidu’s early years to quietly rule over what little people, herds, pastures and towns Mongke Khaan had allotted him around Qayaliq, in what is now southern Kazakhstan. We can only imagine Qaidu’s frustration and anger, a sense that everything that was his by right had been taken from him, anger at the theft by the house of Tolui- not of the Great Khanate, which Qaidu was unlikely to have ever inherited, but of the ulus of Ogedai itself, the personal territory Chinggis Khan had granted that line of the family. One tradition from Qaidu’s earliest youth that survives, recorded by Jamal al-Qarshi, is that Ogedai Khaan once held the young boy and was so impressed with the 5 year old, that he stated Qaidu would one day succeed him and ordered his every need to be provided for. Even if the story were true, it must be remembered that Ogedai indicated about half of his sons and grandsons should have succeeded him at various points, and anyways, Qaidu was no mroe than six years old at the time of Ogedai’s death. No, the young Qaidu was not ever destined, nor likely ever considered himself to be, for the throne of the Great Khan. Qayaliq was too poor to offer a base of resistance on its own, but it did not stop Qaidu from pushing his boundaries. In 1256, Mongke Khaan sent a judge to Qaidu’s territory as an official imperial representative- the exact mission unclear in the sources- and the 20 year old Qaidu promptly captured him, holding him captive for the next two decades. No reaction is recorded from Mongke, who may have been preoccupied with his forthcoming assault on the Song Dynasty to divert attention to an annoying Ogedeid boy. Perhaps Mongke had been planning to deal with him upon his return from campaign, but as we know, he never got the opprotunity: Mongke died on campaign in August 1259, precipitating the conflict between two of his brothers, Ariq Boke and Kublai, for the imperial throne. Qaidu was initially neutral in the war between Ariq Boke and Kublai, supporting Ariq only when his appointed ruler to the Chagatai Khanate, Alghu, revolted and attacked Qaidu’s territory. It seems Alghu attacked Qaidu for supporting Ariq Boke, which forms the only real evidence for Qaidu’s actual support of Ariq. With Ariq’s surrender to Kublai in 1264, Qaidu turned to the Khan of the Golden Horde, Berke, for support against Alghu. Supposedly Berke found Qaidu’s horoscope favourable, and provided him an army and resources, and a promise for rule over the ulus of Chagatai if he was successful. Winning his first encounter against Alghu, Qaidu suffered a serious defeat in the second and seemed to be placed on the backfoot. But Heaven showed Qaidu its favour when Alghu, Berke, and the Il-Khan Hulegu all died over 1265-1267 and Kublai was focused on the Song Dynasty. This created a sudden power vacuum all across Central Asia; while his neighbours sorted out matters of succession, Qaidu expanded his territory from Almaliq to Taraz to Beshbaliq; in rapid succession, Qaidu successfully reclaimed much of the former territory of Ogedai’s ulus. Many of Ariq Boke and Alghu’s former supporters joined Qaidu, including the brilliant finance minister Ma’sud Beg, whose skills helped with the economic rejuvenation of Qaidu’s ulus. Many of these men were dispossed by the changes in power over these years, and were happy to throw their lot in with a bright-eyed, up and coming warlord showing he had some favour from Heaven. When Kublai summoned Qaidu to him in order to affirm his vassalage, Qaidu refused, claiming the distance was too great to travel. Though Kublai tried to encourage him by sending him revenues from conquered Chinese territory, Qaidu was intent on preserving his independence and fragile ulus. Kublai’s capital was moved from Karakorum in central Mongolia to Shangdu on the border with China, and then into China proper at Khanbaliq, greatly limited his ability to control his kinsmen deep in the steppe. In the next years, Qaidu’s pretensions would increased dramatically. In the Chagatai Khanate power was taken by Baraq, who ruled with Kublai’s approval and was almost immediately at war with Qaidu. With the aid of the new Khan of the Golden Horde, Mongke-Temur, Qaidu defeated Baraq near Khojand in 1267, after which Qaidu proposed a joint peace between the Central Asian Khanates. Likely on the Qatwan Steppe, just south of Samarkand, in 1267 or 69, Qaidu, Baraq, and Mongke-Temur’s representatives made agreements to divide the territory of Transoxania between them, Qaidu and Baraq became anda (blood brothers) and agreed to a joint-attack the Ilkhanate in Khurasan. Notable about this meeting was a total disregard for Kublai’s authority. Though Kublai was nominally Great Khan, by the end of the 1260s each Khanate was now an independent state, the Khans all now meeting without his consultation. Recorded in the Yuan shi, the assembled Khans apparently sent a jointly written letter, of questionable veracity, to Kublai decrying his sinicization and ‘adoption of Han laws.’ As mentioned by historian Michal Biran, this is the only direct textual evidence of Mongolian, and specifically Qaidu’s, opposition to Kublai’s adoption of Chinese policy and custom. While often presented as a “defender of the old ways,” Qaidu’s agreements on the Qatwan Steppe and actions over his life were always directed at his own power and independence in the Ogedeid ulus, rather than whatever laws the fat Khan in Khanbaliq tried to pass. Qaidu did provide forces for Baraq’s assault on the Ilkhanate, but they were instructed to abandon Baraq before battle was met. Baraq’s army was crushed by the Il-Khan Abaqa at Herat in 1270, and his death shortly afterwards was Qaidu’s most important opportunity. Many of Baraq’s commanders and armies fled to Qaidu, and only a month after Baraq’s death Qaidu was declared Khan of the Ogedeid ulus. We must emphasize this: he was declared Khan of the territory belonging to the House of Ogedai. He was never declared Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, or Khan of the Chagatayid ulus. He never made pretensiosn to claim either of those thrones, and his conflict with Kublai was not over who should be the Great Khan, but over Qaidu’s personal autonomy- and his right to appoint the Chagatai Khan after Baraq’s demise. When Qaidu’s first appointee rebelled alongside the sons of Alghu and Baraq, Qaidu overcame them and chose Baraq’s son Du’a as Chagatai Khan in 1282. Du’a would be Qaidu’s right hand man for the next twenty years, and as co-rulers they dominated Central Asia from the Yenisei River to the borders of India, and from Transoxania to the Mongolian Altai, a border keeping Kublai’s control confined to the east. Kublai’s campaign against the Song Dynasty kept him from interfering with Qaidu’s domination of the Chagatai Khanate, instead relying on defence. As early as the mid 1260s, Qaidu was raiding Kublai’s frontier: in 1268 Kublai’s armies had to push Qaidu’s forces from Beshbaliq and the Uighur lands. By the end of the 1260s, Kublai was posting a large garrison in Mongolia under his son Nomukhan. Nomukhan was not terribly successful: he was betrayed by his subordinates and sent over to the Golden Horde in 1276, and Karakorum fell into the hands of these rebellious princes. Qaidu played no role in this, distracted as he was at that time by trying to exert control over the ulus of Chagatai. In an effort to make the local garrisons self sufficient, Kublai spent considerable amounts attempting to expand agriculture and set up military colonies in the Tarim Basin, Gansu corridor and Mongolia, but only in Mongolia did he see limited success. Qaidu’s raids were too successful and the regions too arid, and Kublai only succeeded in throwing away huge sums of money and resources. By the 1280s, Qaidu had a firm hold on Central Asia and loyal ally in his appointed Chagatai Khan, Du’a. Finally, they could take advantage of rebellions across Kublai’s frontier, such as that in Tibet in 1285 and of Nayan in Manchuria in 1287, with whom Qaidu tried to coordinate with. Kublai, realizing Mongolia itself was now threatened, took to the field himself. Sending an army west to counter Qaidu and an army into southern Manchuria to distract the other local Mongol dissident, Khadan, the aging Kublai led the third army from a platform mounted on the backs of four elephants. Nayan was swiftly caught and executed. Qaidu had advanced on the old Mongol capital of Qaraqorum as per the suggestion of Ariq Boke’s sons, but the threat of facing Kublai himself led to Qaidu’s withdrawal. This was the closest the two ever came to fighting one another in person. While Karakorum may have held symbolic value, strategically it would be nearly impossible for Qaidu to hold it, and as he was making no claim to the title of Great Khan, its symbolism was useless to him. Karakorum was but a brief flirtation for him, egged on by his allies to take advantage of Kublai’s perceived weakenss, rather than a long awaited goal. The aging Kublai had shown he still had teeth, and Qaidu would not make such an attempt again for the remainder of Kublai’s life. Qaidu does not seem to have taken advantage of Kublai’s death in 1294, and Kublai’s successor, Temur Oljeitu, abandoned his grandfather’s foreign adventures, focusing greater resources on combating Qaidu along the northwestern frontier. In winter 1298, Qaidu’s Chagatai Khan Du’a attacked the Yuan frontier and captured Temur Oljeitu Khan’s brother-in-law Korguz, who died before he could be rescued. This was an embarrassment and insult for the new Khan of Khans, and Temur Oljeitu sprung into action, ordering his nephew Qaishan to Mongolia, where he assembled a great army and marched west to crush Qaidu in 1300. In spring 1300, east of the Altai mountains at Kuobielie, Qaishan’s army overtook Qaidu. In a furious assault, they forced Qaidu to retreat west into the Altai mountains in western Mongolia. Qaishan was a cautious commander, only proceeding once he acquired sufficient provisions, which gave Qaidu time to call to Du’a for aid. Du’a initially refused, but did send two armies later that summer, a first to reinforce Qaidu while Du’a himself led a second. The onset of winter halted the campaign, and for most of 1301 Qaishan struggled to locate Qaidu’s smaller, highly mobile force in the Altai. Qaidu needed to hold out for the arrival of Du’a reinforcements, but couldn’t retreat lest he allow Qaishan to overrun his hard won ulus. Finally in August 1301, Qaishan’s scouts informed him that Qaidu’s army was encamped at Mount Tiejiangu, and that Du’a’s reinforcements were close at hand. On the 3rd of September the Yuan army attacked. The Yuan assault was devastating: Qaidu’s smaller force was overrun, Qaidu himself wounded in the battle. Only nightfall forced the two armies apart, and Qaidu employed a tool of his great-grandfather. He ordered his men to each light several fires, and to the Yuan forces, it appeared that Du’a’s enforcements had suddenly arrived and lit their own campfires. Their enemy refusing to advance, Qaidu used this distraction to pull his forces back. When morning revealed the truth, Qaishan was hesitant to immediately pursue, fearing Qaidu would employ a feigned retreat. This provided Qaidu time to meet with forces sent by Du’a two days later at Qara Qada, along the Irtysh River. Learning of Du’a’s reinforcements, Qaishan split his force: one section would intercept Du’a and his army, while Qaishan took the rest of the Yuan forces to catch Qaidu. When Qaishan arrived at Qara Qada, Qaidu was prepared. This time, the Yuan army was not as successful, though Qaishan himself broke through Qaidu’s lines, seizing his military supplies, rescuing captive princes and turning about to lead a rear assault on a section of Qaidu’s line. But Qaidu held firm, and his horse archers kept the Yuan back until nightfall once again split them apart. Not far away at an unidentified location called Wuertu, Yuan forces defeated and wounded Du’a, who then seems to have retreated back to his own territory. The following day was the final confrontation. Qaidu, now approaching 70 years old, held his vetetan forces together against the Yuan’s superior numbers. Arrows filled the air, and the Yuan army was in an inconclusive engagement. An effort to pull the Yuan forces back and redeploy was foiled by a full charge by Qaidu, and the Yuan retreat now threatened to turn into a rout. Qaishan fought bravely as rearguard, and once more broke through Qaidu’s line, forcing them back and allowing the Yuan army to undertake an orderly retreat back to Qaraqorum, Qaishan burning the steppe behind them to hamper Qaidu’s pursuit. But Qaidu did not follow, instead falling back, given pause by his losses and his own injuries sustained, which were likely his cause of death a few weeks after the battle. The Ogedeid ulus did not long survive Qaidu’s death. Qaidu’s lifetime of carving out a restored Ogedeid state within the Mongol Empire was undermined by his own longtime ally. Almost immediately, Du’a sabotaged Qaidu’s successors. Du’a, it seems, had had enough of war with the Yuan Dynasty, and desired peace in order to resume the Central Asian trade, as well as focus resources on the border with India. To do this though, he would need to break the ability of the house of Ogedai to control the Chagatayids. Qaidu had wanted his youngest son Orus to succeed him, but Du’a maneuvered Qaidu’s ineffective and unhealthy older son Chapar to become Khan, forming rifts within the ulus. Du’a furthered the division of the Ogedeid ulus into appanages, and infighting broke out among Qaidu’s heirs. A brief attempt to unite the Ogedeyid princes against Du’a was crushed in 1306 by Chagatayid troops with Yuan backing, and many of the top princes and generals of the Ogedeyid ulus surrendered to Du’a or to the Yuan. Du’a unleashed his horsemen to track down those Ogedeyids who remained independent, and one such Chagatayid raid even resulted in the death of Qaidu’s famed daughter Qutulun. Ah yes, Qutulun! She is worth a short digression, as she is most famous among Mongolian princesses of this period, and many of you have likely wondered why we have not yet mentioned her role in her father’s battles. Qutulun is usually most well known as the famed ‘wrestler-princess.’ In the version popularized in Marco Polo’s account, wherein she is called Ay Yaruq, moonshine in Turkic, she refused to marry any man who couldn’t best her in a wrestling match. In fact, she claimed the herds of every man she was able to throw to the ground. She was such a good wrestler that, according to Polo, she had a herd of 10,000 animals she had claimed over her career. To carry on the fable-like nature of his version, Polo has an unnamed prince of quite some wealth attempt to win her hand. Qaidu, having agreed to let Qutulun marry who she wanted but recognizing it was a powerful match, encouraged his daughter to let the man win. Qutulun instead threw the prince to the ground and claimed his horses. Polo also asserts that she would fight beside her father, riding into enemy formations to grab and steal men. It’s a bebrudging respect for evidently a highly skilled and dangeorus woman! What’s more, it’s a depiction of a woman of physical prowess and military capability which is actually backed up by some contemporary writers, such as the Ilkhanid author Rashid al-Din and ‘Abd Allah Qashani. The Ilkhanid vizer Rashid al-Din was less impressed than Marco Polo regarding Qutulun, writing the following: “Qaidu had a daughter named Qutulun… he loved her the most of all his children. She went around like a boy and often went on military campaigns, where she performed valiant deeds. She was listened to by her father, and she handled the administration for him. Her father refused to marry her off, and people accused him of having relations with her… a few years ago, because of shame and the accusations people were making, he was forced to marry her off to a man named Aitqun of the Qorolas clan.” Rashid al-Din, as we said at the start of the episode, had no fondness for Qaidu. Rashid’s employers, the Toluid Ilkhans, were often at war with him after all. Rashid al-din is too refined to openly say he agreed with such horrendous rumours about father and daughter, but was not above mentioning the fact people were spreading them. Qutulun in the end, but likely of her own choice, married a member of his father’s keshig, one of his royal cooks. That the fellow’s name and lineage differs in the accounts, and Qutulun is still described leading her minghaans, units of a thousand, indicates that her new husband did little to overawe her military ability. After Qaidu’s death, Qutulun staunchly supported her father’s chosen heir, Orus. She recognized early Du’a effort to undermine the Ogedeyid ulus and spoke out against him at an assembly. Du’a dismissed her concerns thus, saying “Women’s opinions and talk should be about the spindle and spinning wheel, not on the crown and the khanate’s throne. What do you have to do with rulership and government?” The frustrated Qutulun found no support from her brothers and withdrew with her family and followers to the Tien Shan mountains, in what is now Kyrgyzstan, where she guarded her father’s tomb. Though she largely removed herself from the affairs of the Ogedeyid Khanate, when her brothers sought to make a stand against Du’a in 1306, the contemporary author Qashani mentions that Qutulun showed up to assist them, leading her 1,000 men beside them. Even with her assistance, a combined Chagatayid-Yuan army under Du’a defeated the Ogedeyid army. Generals and even her brothers began deserting to the Chagatayids or to the Yuan realm, and as mentioned Du’a sent raiding parties to track down those who escaped. Qutulun returned to her encampment near her father’s tomb, where she held out until 1307. That year, Qashani records, Chagatayid forces found them, drowning her husband and two sons.Qutulun’s final fate is unmentioned, but it is presumed she was killed sometime around then. The Ogedeyid Khanate did not long outlive her. By 1310 when Chapar submitted to the new Yuan Emperor, Qaishan, the Ogedeyid ulus ceased to exist, only some 60 years after Qaidu had restored it. Du’a died in 1307, but his sons continued to dominate the Chagatayid ulus for the next 30 years, incorporating much of the former Ogedeid territory. After the death of the last of Du’a’s sons, the Chagatai Khanate entered a period of great instability, gradually breaking into two halves, a western based in Transoxania, and another east of the Syr Darya River, which came to be known as Moghulistan. In the western half, the authority of the Chagatai Khan weakened sooner, a power vacuum which led to the eventual rise of Amir Temur in Transoxania, better known in the west as Tamerlane. But that’s a topic for another day, so please consider subscribing to our podcast to follow for future episodes. If you’d like to help us continue bringign you great content, please consider supporting on patreon at www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. This episode was researched and written by our series historian, Jack Wilson. I’m your host David, and we’ll catch you on the next one.
Orus, Kenya - The Least Of These - The World Mission Update #WorldMission #Kenya #Africa #Orus Rusty Humphries and Greg Kelley are still in the vast remoteness of Northern Kenya. Today they are taking you one of the most remote places in the world... Orus, Kenya. You'll see Africa like you've never seen it before and understand more clearly the vision of World Mission. This episode showcases the type of mission fields that World Mission passionately pursues on a daily basis!' God Bless, Greg Greg Kelley CEO/Executive Director God Bless, Greg Greg Kelley CEO/Executive Director See how Greg Kelley and his team at World Mission are making a difference. To help: Go to WorldMission.cc World Mission Our Mission World Mission delivers the Word of God in audio format to oral learners living in unreached people groups. We believe that it is our responsibility as Christians to follow the Great Commission, “Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit” (Matthew 28:19-20). While it is always our desire to reach everyone, anywhere, we specifically focus our efforts on reaching the Unreached; those throughout the world who have never had the opportunity to hear the gospel and accept Jesus Christ. Core Values Prayerfully led by the Word of God and following the Holy Spirit's leading, our ultimate objective is to fulfill the Great Commission by seeing the lost develop a meaningful relationship with Christ. We strive to be focused and disciplined; fulfilling our mission will always receive the best of our time, energy, and resources. We seek to always maintain positive attitudes, building team members up and never speaking thoughtless words about one another. We believe the gospel is most effectively presented in a holistic context and that national leaders led by the Holy Spirit are the most effective ground laborers to implement our mission and engage unreached peoples. We welcome volunteers who are led to serve at World Mission and will provide a positive environment for them to use their gifts. www.WorldMission.cc
Historia del Ojo de Orus Egipcio.
The Most Remote Village in Kenya - Orus, Kenya Part 1 - The World Mission Update Greg and Rusty are heading to Greg's 2nd home - Orus, Kenya! The eastern tribe of the Pokot people live in this incredibly remote area. You'll see the bush airport and authentic village life that is harsh and rugged. Get ready to go to one of the most primitive areas of Africa where the gospel is exploding! God Bless, Greg Greg Kelley CEO/Executive Director See how Greg Kelley and his team at World Mission are making a difference. To help: Go to WorldMission.cc World Mission Our Mission World Mission delivers the Word of God in audio format to oral learners living in unreached people groups. We believe that it is our responsibility as Christians to follow the Great Commission, “Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit” (Matthew 28:19-20). While it is always our desire to reach everyone, anywhere, we specifically focus our efforts on reaching the Unreached; those throughout the world who have never had the opportunity to hear the gospel and accept Jesus Christ. Core Values Prayerfully led by the Word of God and following the Holy Spirit's leading, our ultimate objective is to fulfill the Great Commission by seeing the lost develop a meaningful relationship with Christ. We strive to be focused and disciplined; fulfilling our mission will always receive the best of our time, energy, and resources. We seek to always maintain positive attitudes, building team members up and never speaking thoughtless words about one another. We believe the gospel is most effectively presented in a holistic context and that national leaders led by the Holy Spirit are the most effective ground laborers to implement our mission and engage unreached peoples. We welcome volunteers who are led to serve at World Mission and will provide a positive environment for them to use their gifts. www.WorldMission.cc
Dalis socialinių tinklų vartotojų naujienų ir komentarų apie orus pirmiausiais užsuka į puslapį „Orai ir klimatas Lietuvoje“. Jį kuria du entuziastai. Vienas iš jų – informacinių technologijų studentas Lukas Sudvajus, kuris papasakos, kas jį skatina sekti hidrometeorologines aktualijas ir jas komentuoti.„Žebriūnas. Nutylėjimai ir paradoksai“. Taip vadinasi nauja teatro ir kino kritikės Rūtos Oginskaitės knyga apie režisierių Arūną Žebriūną, kurią išleido „Tyto alba“. Pokalbis apie šią ir kitas biografines Rūtos Oginskaitės knygas.Maždaug prieš 12 tūkstančių metų iš Lietuvos teritorijos pasitraukė ledynas. Kur tuomet Lietuvoje apsigyveno pirmieji žmonės, kas ir kaip lėmė vėlesnę jų migraciją, geologai tiria pasitelkdami specialias modeliavimo programas. Pokalbis apie naujus tyrimus – su geologu iš Vilniaus universiteto Liudu Daumantu.Ved. Giedrė Čiužaitė
Anja Graven er grunder og vi snakker om bedriftene hun har medgründet og jobbet med som ORUS moments, Graveniid og sitt enkeltpersonforetak
Bayern Munich venció 1-0 al Paris Saint Germain para coronarse por sexta vez en la Champions League. Han logrado, además, la gesta de ganar los once partidos de la campaña. En Vestidumbre discutimos si acaso este es el mejor equipo que hemos visto en un año de Champions.
Una frase hecha muy conocida es la que reza: «No basta con ser bueno. También hay que parecerlo». El Bayern Munich bajó su buena estrella y con eficiencia y fortuna venció 3-0 al Olympique Lyon para instalarse en la gran final de la Champions League.
El dinero ha tenido la última palabra. El París Saint-Germain francés está escribiendo uno de los pasajes más dorados de su historia pues ha alcanzado su primera final de la Copa de Europa tras imponerse –y sin despeinarse demasiado– al irreverente RB Leipzig alemán.
«Ocho» es el número clave en este episodio. Fueron ocho los goles los que anotó el Bayern Munich –ocho veces campeón de forma consecutiva en Alemania– al Fútbol Club Barcelona, que cumple así la historia más trágica en su historia. Jamás los culés habían recibido tantos goles en competencia europea.
Jueves 13 de agosto en el año de la pandemia. Segundo episodio de Vestidumbre dedicado a reaccionar lo que la Champions League nos va dejando. Esta vez, comentando el batacazo que ha dado el RB Leipzig alemán, que eliminó al Atlético de Madrid.
Este es el penúltimo episodio de la temporada 1 de Tipos Míticos, en esta ocasión estrenamos invitada: Mónica Escobedo nos acompaña para encontrar la historia de Osiris el dios que ha pasado por los estados de vida celestial más extraños. En esta ocasión el Tipo Mítico Profesional El Conde Fabregat estará narrando cómo nació Orus -el dios del ojo más publicitado-. un dios de un padre Zombie....
In this episode we're diving deep into VIX futures and using that instrument to gain convexity in a portfolio, we chat with Swiss hedge fund manager Alex Orus of Principalium who have a three pronged approach to trading volatility as an asset class. Our topics include Swiss country music, personifying your trading models, the volatility of volatility, Roger Federer, negative interest rates hurting Europe's youth, Jeff's pop-up helmet invention, the good old days (2010) in the VIX, and why convexity matters. Take a Listen! Principalium Capital AG's Volatility Strategy operates across three facets of the volatility trade: 1. collecting the roll yield premium present in the VIX futures curve, 2. Positioning the portfolio for spikes in volatility during a market crash, and 3. Capturing the mean reverting properties of volatility. The strategy systematically adjusts exposure to these different concepts dynamically, by combining 25 different individual models on different time frames applied to each of the three facets. Follow Alex on Linkedin Follow Principalium Capital AG on Linkedinand check out their website And last but not least, don't forget to subscribe to The Derivative, and follow us on Twitter, or LinkedIn, and Facebook, and sign-up for our blog digest. Disclaimer: This podcast is provided for informational purposes only and should not be relied upon as legal, business, or tax advice. All opinions expressed by podcast participants are solely their own opinions and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of RCM Alternatives, their affiliates, or companies featured. Due to industry regulations, participants on this podcast are instructed not to make specific trade recommendations, nor reference past or potential profits. And listeners are reminded that managed futures, commodity trading, and other alternative investments are complex and carry a risk of substantial losses. As such, they are not suitable for all investors. For more information, visit www.rcmalternatives.com/disclaimer
The place of origin of Morus nigra is still undetermined. Available information seems to be concerned only with cultivated forms or sub-spontaneous individuals. What is certain is that nowadays it has little use and it is usually represented only by rare, sometimes vᵉry exclusive, specimenˢ
Charla via skype con Alfredo Celso, desarrollador web, Miguel Barrios, médico general y Orus Villacorta, Codirector de Revista Factum, sobre la experiencia de cómo afrontan el Covid 19 los salvadoreños en el exterior.
Alex Orus is a principal at Principalium Capital based in Zurich, Switzerland. Alex is one of the most experienced traders of the volatility index, often called the VIX, having founded Blue Diamond Capital which traded the VIX starting in 2010. In this conversation, we talk about risk and how many investors measure risk in a way that actually increases their risk. We then dive into the history and the structure of the VIX and its associated products and how investors can trade it to improve the performance of their portfolio. There were a couple of terms Alex talked about in the interview that I wanted to introduce. Alex mentions a few times an event in February 2018. What happened was that VIX went from 13 to 37, nearly a 300% move in a day which was it’s largest percentage move in history causing large losses or large gains for traders on either side of the market. We also talk about mean reversion. Mean reversion is the idea that an asset moves back to its long term average. So the VIX’s long-term historical average is around 20 so if the VIX spikes to 40, then moves back towards 20, we call that mean reversion. I hope you enjoy this conversation with Alex as much as I did.
Roberto Salamanca hace un recorrido por su carrera musical mientras promueve la nostalgia de un concierto que lo trae de regreso a El Salvador, para compartir escenario con Rucks y Parker.
Trumpa informacinė „Radiocentro" laida apie mokslo naujienas ir naujausius pasiekimus. Klausyk šiokiadieniais 12 val. per „Radiocentrą" arba mūsų podkaste „Mokslo pasaulyje“.
¿Qué es la Magia? La Magia es al Esoterismo lo que la Técnica es a la Ciencia. ¿Qué es lo que se espera conseguir? ¿Por qué medios? ¿Y si no se cree? ¿Cómo tomar las críticas? La Magia es lo que queda de una ciencia extraterrestre. Los dioses del antiguo Egipto. Zecharia Sitchin. Los "compañeros de Orus". Reflexiones sobre la divulgación del conocimiento esotérico. Del conocimiento a la creencia: otra manipulación. ¿Qué es "La MerKaBa" y qué era para los egipcios? Los Templarios llevaron a Europa conocimientos de Egipto. El argot. Los ángeles. * Podrás encontrar los enlaces relacionados en la entrada correspondiente de nuestro sitio web: https://alfilodelarealidad.com/
¿Qué es la Magia? La Magia es al Esoterismo lo que la Técnica es a la Ciencia. ¿Qué es lo que se espera conseguir? ¿Por qué medios? ¿Y si no se cree? ¿Cómo tomar las críticas? La Magia es lo que queda de una ciencia extraterrestre. Los dioses del antiguo Egipto. Zecharia Sitchin. Los "compañeros de Orus". Reflexiones sobre la divulgación del conocimiento esotérico. Del conocimiento a la creencia: otra manipulación. ¿Qué es "La MerKaBa" y qué era para los egipcios? Los Templarios llevaron a Europa conocimientos de Egipto. El argot. Los ángeles. Relacionado: Video: Egipto Desconocido (conferencia) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2mw2LLF5Edw
El Chiste del Sofá - 210: México y Colombia unidos por Los Simpson, El Chavo del 8 y el Rock en Español. Orus Andrés nos visita desde Bogotá, Colombia.
Kodėl žiemą kartais nebūna sniego, o pavasarį ima snigti? Kaip keičiasi mūsų klimatas? Kokiais būdais sinoptikai nustato, kokie orai bus po savaitės? Pokalbis apie klimatą ir orus - su šios srities specialiste Izolda Marcinoniene! Laidos vedėjas Tomas Dirgėla.
Good and evil must exist in harmony so when Orus threatened to disrupt that balance the Archmage Bigby sent for the strongest, meanest and most Demon-Lord vanquising-est adventures around - The Circle of Seven. Podcast art by @D_R_White_! Want the world to see your fan art? Tweet it with #DrunksAndDoodles or head on over to the forum.
Hoy, nuestro oyente y amigo podcaster Juanma (@guidox), que es la mitad del podcast de Achuecados, nos habla de la convivencia con sus dos cachorros recientemente adoptados de dos asociaciones protectoras de animales.Nos cuenta lo bueno de la convivencia y las complicaciones y anécdotas que le está suponiendo la educación de Orus y Ra.
Hoy, nuestro oyente y amigo podcaster Juanma (@guidox), que es la mitad del podcast de Achuecados, nos habla de la convivencia con sus dos cachorros recientemente adoptados de dos asociaciones protectoras de animales.Nos cuenta lo bueno de la convivencia y las complicaciones y anécdotas que le está suponiendo la educación de Orus y Ra.
Para nuestro episodio 17, entrevistamos a Orus Villacorta, músico y periodista salvadoreño radicado en México, especializado en música y deportes, con quien estaremos dando consejos de cómo bandas y artistas pueden prepararse antes de dar una entrevista en un medio impreso. Orus nos comentará, desde su perspectiva de periodista y músico, sobre las mejores prácticas para tener una entrevista provechosa y productiva.
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