Podcasts about delegations

  Last time we spoke about the February 26th incident. Within the turbulent “ government of assassination” period of 1936 Japan, a faction of discontented junior officers, known as the Kodoha, believed that their emperor, Hirohito, was being manipulated by corrupt politicians. In a desperate bid for what they termed a "Showa Restoration," they meticulously plotted a coup d'état. On February 26, they launched a rebellion in Tokyo, attempting to assassinate key figures they deemed responsible for undermining the emperor's authority. The young officers executed coordinated attacks on prominent leaders, resulting in several deaths, while hoping to seize control of the Imperial Palace. However, their plan unraveled when their actions met with unexpected resistance, and they failed to secure strategic locations. Dark snow blanketed the city as Hirohito, outraged by the violence, quickly moved to suppress the uprising, which ultimately led to the downfall of the Kodoha faction and solidified the military's grip on power, ushering in a new era marked by militarism and radicalism.   #151 The Suiyuan Operation Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. So we last left off with the February 26th incident breaking out in Japan, but now I would like to return to China. Now we spoke a little bit about some influential Japanese politicians in the previous episode. Prime Minister Satio Makoto oversaw Japan from May 1932 to July 1934, succeeded by Prime Minister Keisuke Okada from July 1934 to March 1936. The foreign policy of Japan towards China during the Saitō and Okada administrations exhibited a notable paradox, characterized by two conflicting elements. On one hand, Foreign Minister Hirota championed a diplomatic approach that emphasized friendship, cooperation, and accommodation with China. On the other hand, the military actively undermined the authority of the Nationalist government in northern China, creating a significant rift between diplomatic rhetoric and military action.    The Okada cabinet then endorsed the Army Ministry's "Outline of Policy to Deal with North China" on January 13, 1936. This policy document explicitly proposed the eventual detachment of five provinces, Hubei, Chahar, Shanxi, Suiyuan, and Shandong from the Nationalist government in Nanking. The approval of this outline marked a pivotal moment, as it represented the first official government endorsement of the military's longstanding agenda and underscored the army's evolution from a mere rogue entity operating in the region to the de facto authority dictating the course of Japan's policy towards China. Despite this, on January 22, during the 68th Diet session, Hirota reaffirmed his dedication to fostering better ties with China, to which a representative from the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs responded positively. The Nationalist government in Nanjing also expressed interest in engaging in formal negotiations. However, this diplomatic initiative quickly faltered, and the expected discussions in Nanjing never took place. Shortly thereafter, a mutiny by young army officers on February 26, 1936, led to the fall of the Okada cabinet. Following Prince Konoe Fumimaro's refusal of the imperial mandate to form a new government, Hirota stepped in to establish a cabinet on March 9. General Terauchi Hisaichi was appointed as the Minister of the Army, Admiral Nagano Osami took charge of the Navy Ministry, and Baba Eiichi became the finance minister. Hirota briefly served as foreign minister until Arita Hachirö, who had just submitted his credentials as ambassador to China on March 6, returned to Japan. The Hirota Koki cabinet, established immediately following the February 26 incident further entrenched military influence in politics while allowing interservice rivalries to impede national objectives. In May 1936, Hirota, influenced by army and navy ministers, reinstated the practice of appointing military ministers solely from the ranks of high-ranking active-duty officers. He believed this would prevent associations with the discredited Imperial Way faction from regaining power. By narrowing the candidate pool and enhancing the army's power relative to the prime minister, Hirota's decision set the stage for army leaders to leverage this advantage to overthrow Admiral Yonai's cabinet in July 1940. Arita began his new job by meeting with Foreign Minister Chang Chen while hearing views from the Kwantung Army chief of staff General, Itagaki Seishiro. Yes, our old friend received a lot of promotions. Itagaki had this to say about the Kwantung Army's policy in China "The primary aim of Japan's foreign policy, is the sound development of Manchukuo based upon the principle of the indivisibility of Japan and Manchukuo. If, as is probable, the existing situation continues, Japan is destined sooner or later to clash with the Soviet Union, and the attitude of China at that time will gravely influence operations [against the Soviet Union]." The Kwantung Army's was growing more and more nervous about the USSR following its 7th comintern congress held in July and August of 1935. There it publicly designated Japan, Germany and Poland as its main targets of comintern actions. Japanese intelligence in the Red Army also knew the Soviets were gradually planning to expand the military strength so they could face a simultaneous west and east front war. This was further emboldened by the latest USSR 5 year plan. Alongside the growing Red northern menace, the CCP issued on August 1st a declaration calling upon the Nationalist Government to end their civil war so they could oppose Japan. By this time the CCP was reaching the end of its Long March and organizing a new base of operations in Yenan in northern Shanxi. The developments by the USSR and CCP had a profound effect on Japan's foreign policy in China. The Kwantung Army believed a war with the USSR was imminent and began to concentrate its main force along the border of Manchukuo. The Kwantung Army's plan in the case of war was to seize Vladivostok while advancing motorized units towards Ulan Bator in Outer Mongolia, hoping to threaten the Trans-Siberian Railway near Lake Baikal. Their intelligence indicated the USSR could muster a maximum of 250,000 troops in eastern Siberia and that Japan could deal with them with a force two-thirds of that number. The IJA at that point had inferior air forces and armaments, thus urgent funding was needed. The Kwantung Army proposed that forces in the home islands should be reduced greatly so all could be concentrated in Manchuria. To increase funding so Kwantung leadership proposed doing away with special allowances for Japanese officials in Manchuria and reorganizing the Japanese economic structure. The Kwantung leaders also knew the submarine base at Vladivostok posed a threat to Japanese shipping so the IJN would have to participate, especially against ports and airfields. All said and done, the Kwantung Army planned for a war set in 1941 and advised immediate preparations. On July 23, 1936, Kanji Ishiwara presented the army's document titled “Request Concerning the Development of Industries in Preparation for War” to the Army Ministry. He asserted that in order to prepare for potential conflict with the Soviet Union, Japan, Manchukuo, and North China must have the industries critical for war fully developed by 1941. Ishiwara emphasized the urgent need for rapid industrial growth, particularly in Manchukuo. He followed this request on July 29 with a draft of a “Policy on Preparations for War” regarding the Soviet Union, advocating for immediate reforms to Japan's political and economic systems to facilitate economic expansion and lay the groundwork for future fundamental changes. However, he cautioned that if significant turmoil erupted in economic sectors, Japan must be ready to execute a comprehensive overhaul without delay. At the same time, the Hirota cabinet initiated a review of its policy towards China. In the spring of 1936, a secret committee focused on the Current Situation was formed, consisting of officials from the Army, Navy, and Foreign ministries. Their discussions led to the adoption of the "Measures to Implement Policy toward China" by the Four Ministers Conference on August 11, along with the "Second Outline of Policy to Address North China," which the cabinet approved as part of the "Fundamentals of National Policy" on the same day. The first of these documents outlined the following actionable steps: “1. Conclusion of an anti-Communist military pact. a) To prepare for the conclusion of such a pact, a special secret committee of military experts from both countries should be organized. b) Their discussions should cover the scope and substance of the pact and ways and means of realizing the objectives of the pact.  2. Conclusion of a Sino-Japanese military alliance. A special secret committee, composed of an equal number of delegates from each nation, should be organized to prepare for the conclusion of an offensive and defensive alliance against attack by a third country.  3. Acceleration of solutions of pending questions between China and Japan. a) Engagement of a senior political adviser: The Nationalist government should engage a senior Japanese political adviser to assist in the conduct of the domestic and foreign affairs of the Nationalist government. b) Engagement of military advisers: The Nationalist government should engage military advisers, along with military instructors. c) Opening of airline services between China and Japan: Airline services between China and Japan should be opened immediately. To realize such a service, various means should be used to induce the Nanking authorities to establish an airline corporation in North China, to begin flights between Formosa and Fukien province, and to start test flights between Shanghai and Fukuoka. d) Conclusion of a reciprocal tariff treaty: A reciprocal tariff treaty should be concluded promptly between China and Japan, on the basis of the policy approved by the ministries concerned, with regard to the abolition of the special trade in eastern Hopei province and the lowering of the prohibitively high tariffs. For this purpose Japan should, if necessary, propose the creation of a special committee composed of Japanese and Chinese representatives.  4. Promotion of economic cooperation between China and Japan. Japan should promote cooperation with the common people of China to establish realistic and inseparable economic relations between China and Japan that will promote coexistence and co-prosperity and will be unaffected by changes in the Chinese political situation. “ The document also included suggestions for Japan's economic expansion into South China. This included tapping into the natural resources of the provinces of Fujian, Guangdong, and Guangxi, building a railway between Guangzhou and Swatow, and establishing air routes between Fuchoz and Taipei, which would connect to services in Japan and Thailand. It also called for survey teams to be dispatched to explore the resources of Sichuan, Gansu, Xinjiang, and Qinghai provinces, and for support to be provided to the independence movement in Inner Mongolia. However, these initiatives presented significant challenges. The preface to the "Second Outline of Policy to Deal with North China" cautioned, "In implementing this policy, we must carefully consider the Nanking government's prestige and avoid actions that could prompt it to adopt an anti-Japanese stance in response to the desires of the Chinese people."  On September 19th, six fundamental points for a settlement in North China were dictated to China to “establish a common defense against communism, promoting economic cooperation, lowering tariffs, initiating an airline service between the two nations, employing Japanese advisers, and controlling subversive Koreans." September 22 was set as the deadline for a response from China. While agreeing to some Japanese requests, the Chinese included several counter-demands that the Japanese found completely unacceptable. These demands required Japan to “(a) refrain from using armed intervention or arbitrary actions in its dealings with China, (b) recognize China as an equal and sovereign state, (c) avoid leveraging antigovernment groups or communist elements, and (d) remove any derogatory references to China from Japanese textbooks. The Chinese also insisted that any agreement regarding North China “must precede the annulment of the Tanggu and Shanghai cease-fire agreements, the disbanding of the East Hopei regime, a prohibition on unauthorized Japanese flights over North China, a ban on smuggling activities by Japanese, the restoration of China's right to control smuggling, and the disbandment of the illegal East Hopei government along with the armies of Wang Ying and Prince De in Suiyuan”. Now that mention of a Prince De in Suiyuan brings us to a whole new incident. This podcast series should almost be called “the history of Japanese related incidents in China”. Now we've spoken at great lengths about Japan's obsession with Manchuria. She wanted it for resources, growing space and as a buffer state. Japan also had her eyes set on Inner Mongolia to be used as a buffer state between Manchukuo, the USSR and China proper. Not to mention after the invasion of North China, Inner Mongolia could be instrumental as a wedge to be used to control Northern China. Thus the Kwantung Army began fostering a Mongolian independence movement back in August of 1933. They did so through a special organ led by chief of the general staff Koiso Kuniaki. He began work with the Silingol League led by Prince Sonormurabdan or “Prince So” and another influential Mongol, Prince Demchukdongrob or “Prince De”. Prince De was the West Sunid Banner in Northern Chahar. Likewise the Kwantung Army was grooming Li Xuxin, a Mongol commoner born in southern Manchuria. He had been a bandit turned soldier absorbed into Zhang Xueliangs army. Li had distinguished himself in a campaign against a group of Mongols trying to restore the Qing dynasty to further establish an independent Mongolia. During Operation Nekka Li had served in a cavalry brigade under Zu Xingwu, reputed to be the best unit in Zhang Xueliangs Northeastern border defense army. He led the army's advance unit into western Shandong. Afterwards Li suddenly became friends with Major Tanaka Hisashi, the head of the Special Service Agency at Dungliao where he defected to the Kwantung Army. He soon was leading a force too strong to be incorporated into the Manchukuo Army, thus it was disbanded, but his Kwantung Army buddies encouraged him to move to Tolun in Rehe province. At one point during the Nekka campaign, Li's army was threatened by a strong Chinese counterattack, but they had Manchukuo air support allowing them to capture Tolun. This victory launched what became the East Chahar Special Autonomous District with Li becoming a garrison commander and chief administrator.  Back in time, upon the founding of the Chinese Republic, the affairs of Inner Mongolia fell upon the Bureau of Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs. This was reorganized in 1930 into the Commission on Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs when the provinces of Chahar, Suiyuan and Ningxia were organized. Prince De had been a member of a nationalist group known as the Young Mongols, although his aim was self-determination for Inner Mongolia within China, not independence. The Nationalist government's support for Chinese settlement in Mongol territories and its disregard for Mongol perspectives quickly triggered a rise in Mongol nationalism and anti-Chinese feelings. This was exacerbated by the government's introduction of a law on October 12, 1931, requiring local Mongolian administrative units to consult with hsien officials on matters concerning their administration. The nationalist sentiment was further fueled by the presence of the neighboring Mongolian People's Republic in Outer Mongolia and the establishment of Xingan province in western Manchuria by Manchukuo authorities in March 1932. This new province included the tribes of eastern Inner Mongolia and granted them greater autonomy than other Manchukuo provinces while banning Chinese immigration into it. When Nanjing did not react to these developments, Prince De and his supporters took steps toward gaining autonomy. On July 15th, 1933, Mongol leaders from western Inner Mongolia gathered at Pailingmiao for two weeks to deliberate on a declaration for regional independence. Although many princes were initially hesitant to take this step, they reconvened on August 14 and sent a cable to Nanjing announcing their decision to create an autonomous Mongolian government. The cable was signed by Prince So and Prince De. Over the following two months, additional conferences at Pailingmiao were held to organize the new government, which would operate under Nanking's guidance but without involvement from provincial chairmen. On October 22, Prince Yun, head of the Ulanchap League and a close ally of Prince De, was elected to lead the new regime, with Prince De assuming the role of chief of its political affairs bureau. After receiving a cable from the Mongolian leaders in August, Nanjing quickly sent Minister of the Interior Huang Shao-hung and Xu Qingyang, head of the Commission on Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs, to halt the movement. However, the Mongols declined to travel to Kalgan or Kueisui to meet Huang. In November, as the leader of a special commission appointed by Nanjing, Huang reached an agreement with Yun De and other Mongolian leaders concerning a proposal that abandoned the Mongols' demand for an autonomous government. This agreement was later altered by Nanjing, and its essential points were excluded from a measure approved by the Central Political Council of the Kuomintang on January 17, 1934. The dispute reignited, fueled by the Nationalist government's rising concerns over the anticipated enthronement of Pu Yi in Manchukuo. On February 28, the Central Political Council enacted a measure that outlined "eight principles of Inner Mongolian autonomy" and created the Mongolian Local Autonomous Political Council. Since these principles did not grant authority over foreign and military affairs, powers explicitly reserved for the central government in the January measure, they were seen as a concession to the Mongols and were accepted. On March 7, the central government issued regulations to establish a semi autonomous regime for Inner Mongolia, which was officially launched at Pailingmiao on April 23. Although the council was led by three moderate princes, Prince Yun, supported by Princes So and Sha, the real administrative authority was held by Prince De, who served as the secretary-general. Most of the twenty-five council members were of Mongolian royalty, through whom Prince De aimed to fulfill his objectives. Nevertheless, the Nationalist government seemed to consider the council merely a token gesture to placate De, as Nanking never provided the promised administrative funds outlined in the "eight principle declaration." Was not much of a shock Prince De sought support from the Kwantung Army, which had established contact with him as early as June 1934. Japanese pressures in North China were starting to alter the power dynamics, and after the first Western incident in Jehol in February 1935, it compelled the relocation of Sung Queyuan's army from Chahar to Hopei, providing encouragement to Prince De. In May, he met with Kwantung Army Vice Chief of Staff Itagaki Seishirö, Intelligence Section Chief Kawabe Torashirö, and staff officer Tanaka Ryükichi, where he was officially informed for the first time about the Kwantung Army's intention to assist him. On July 25, the Kwantung Army drafted its "Essentials of Policy toward Inner Mongolia," which regarded Japanese support for cooperation between De and Li Xuxin as part of their strategic preparations for a potential conflict with the Soviet Union. Shortly after this policy was adopted, a conflict arose over who had the authority to appoint the head of the Mongol Xukung banner, situated north of the Yellow River and Paot'ou. Following the death of the previous administrator, Prince Xu declared that he had taken control of the position. In response to a request from the local abbot, Prince Yun, acting in his capacity as chairman of the Mongolian Political Council, dismissed Xu. Xu then turned to Nanking through Suiyuan Provincial Chairman Fu Zuoyi, arguing that the central government held the authority to appoint heads of administrative units. In retaliation, Prince De dispatched troops to Xukung. On November 10, Fu presented a mediation proposal, which was rejected since it not only failed to acknowledge Shih's dismissal but also demanded the withdrawal of De's forces. De refused to pull back, further intensifying his hostility toward the Nanking government. In December, the Kwantung Army attempted to move Li's forces from eastern Chahar into the six Xun to the north of Kalgan, which serves as Chahar's granary. Following the Qin-Doihara agreement, Matsui Gennosuke from the Kalgan Special Service Agency secured a deal to separate these six districts from the southern region predominantly populated by Chinese; a Mongolian peace preservation corps was tasked with maintaining order in the northern area, while a Chinese corps was responsible for the south. During the discussions for an autonomous regime centered around Song Queyuan in North China in November 1935, Kwantung Army troops were concentrated around Gubeikou. To exert pressure on Song's rear, the Kwantung Army proposed replacing the Chinese peace preservation unit in the area north of Kalgan with Li Xuxin's army, which would establish this territory as its base.   The operation commenced on December 8. In a surprise attack just before dawn, Li captured Paochang. By December 12, despite facing strong Chinese resistance and the heaviest snowfall in sixty years, Li, aided by Kwantung Army planes disguised as those of the Manchukuo Airline Corporation, had taken control of Kuyuan. Further advances were halted by an order from Kwantung Army headquarters, and on December 13, it was reported that, had the operation not been stopped, Tokyo would have issued an imperial command. The operation had faced opposition from the Tientsin army, which feared it would weaken Song Queyuan's position just as they were informing Tokyo that the autonomy movement was going smoothly. Additionally, both Britain and the United States publicly expressed strong opposition to the Kwantung Army's involvement in the autonomy movement. However, the directive was ultimately prompted by the emperor's anger upon discovering that a unit of the Kwantung Army led by Colonel Matsui Takurö had advanced to Tolun to support Li's progress. Although Li's advance was halted, the operation undeniably contributed to the formation of the Hopei-Chahar Political Council.   Although the operation was halted, the Kwantung Army remained committed to its objectives. They contended that Li's army's advance into the six districts north of Kalgan was merely a peace preservation unit moving into territory within the truce line established by the Tanggu Agreement. Consequently, on December 29, they ordered Li to advance southward. Li peacefully occupied Changpei the following day and entered Shangtu on December 31. Manchukuo civil officials were appointed to oversee the six districts, and the currency of Manchukuo was introduced, although the existing tax system initially remained unchanged. The Kwantung Army allocated silver worth 6 million yuan to support administrative expenses. This outcome, known as the Eastern Chahar incident, marked a complete success for the Kwantung Army, which then redirected its focus toward Suiyuan Province. Each year, the Kwantung Army developed a secret plan for covert operations for the following year. The 1936 plan included strategies to secure air bases for routes connecting Europe and Asia, targeting Tsinghai and Sinkiang provinces, Outer Mongolia, Western Mongolia, and even remote areas of Ningxia province. In January 1936, staff officer Tanaka Ryūkichi formulated a document titled "Essentials of Policy Toward (Northwestern) Inner Mongolia." This document advocated for the establishment of a Mongolian military government to facilitate Japanese operations in northwestern Mongolia and suggested pushing Fu Tso-yi out of Suiyuan into Shansi province. Tanaka's proposals were incorporated into the final plan of the Kwantung Army, ultimately leading to the Suiyuan incident of November 1936. In February 1936, a meeting at Pailingmiao, where Prince De proposed the independence of Inner Mongolia, resulted in the departure of Prince So and several other Mongolian leaders from the coalition. They sought to establish a rival political council at Kueisui under the protection of Fu Zuoyi. By April, De and his supporters decided to form a military government at Tehua in Chahar, which was officially inaugurated in June as the Inner Mongolian government, headed by De with Li Shou-hsin as his deputy. This new government quickly signed a mutual assistance treaty with Manchukuo, and the emperor granted De the title of prince.   In July, at a conference in Tehua, Tanaka was appointed as the head of the Special Service Agency for Inner Mongolia with the mission of implementing the army's Intelligence Section plans. He traveled to Pingtiqüan alongside Chief of Staff Itagaki and Intelligence Chief Mutō Akira to propose a local anti-Communist agreement to Fu. After failing to convince Fu, he attempted to persuade Sun Tien-ying to form a puppet army but managed to recruit only a bandit from Suiyuan, Wang Ying. The February 26 mutiny in Tokyo heightened anti-Japanese sentiments in China, resulting in increased violence. By August, the construction of an airplane hangar in Paot'ou was halted due to riots by local Chinese residents. On August 13, a group of fifteen Japanese, led by Nakajima Manzo, was ambushed while delivering ammunition to a pro-Japanese leader who was shortly thereafter assassinated. Chinese soldiers from Wang Qingkuo's 70th Division carried out the attack, and tensions escalated as the arrival of ammunition and Japanese laborers in Kalgan prompted border villages to strengthen their defenses.   By late September, Tanaka's "Guidelines for the Execution of the Suiyuan Operation" received approval, with operations set to commence in early November. The plan evolved from a covert mission into a personal initiative by Tanaka, financed largely through funds from the Kwantung Army's secret services and profits from special trading in eastern Hopei. Tanaka claimed to have transported 600,000 yen to Tehua in October and later sent 200,000 yuan into Inner Mongolia, estimating total expenses at approximately 6 million yen. He acquired new weaponry from the disbanded Northeast Army and established three clandestine forces: Wang Ying led 500 men, including artillery; Qin Xiashan commanded 3,000 from Sun Tienying's army; and Chang Futang also led 3,000 specialized units. During strategic meetings, Tanaka dismissed proposals for unified command and refusing to integrate secret units into the Mongolian army. He advocated for the slogan "Overthrow Chiang Kai-shek," while Matsui managed to include "Independence for Inner Mongolia."   The Japanese had developed the entire battle strategy. The 1st Army, commanded by Li Xuxin, would serve as the left flank, while the 2nd Army, led by Demchugdongrub, would be positioned on the right. Wang Ying's forces were designated as the central force. Their initial targets would be Hongort, Xinghe, Tuchengzi, and Guisui city, followed by a division to seize Jinging, Baotou, and Hetao. On November 13, Prince Demchugdongrub's and Wang Ying's forces left Shandu in two columns to assault Xinghe and Hongort. By the 15th, 1,500 troops reached Hongort, where they engaged the 1st Cavalry Division led by Peng Yubin. The next day, Ryukichi Tanaka, Demchugdongrub's chief advisor, sent two cavalry brigades and one infantry brigade to capture the town, effectively overrunning its defenders. Meanwhile, Wang Ying dispatched a smaller group to secure Tuchengzi.   Fu Zuoyi established his headquarters in Jining that same day. After assessing the situation, he concluded that if the enemy secured Hongort, it would diminish his defenders' morale. Consequently, he launched a counterattack. Peng Yubin led a joint force of the 1st Cavalry Division and Dong Qiwu's 218th Brigade to confront around 400 of Wang Ying's men defending Hongort and Tuchengzi. By 7 AM on the 18th, Tuchengzi was reclaimed, and at 8:30 AM, the 1st Cavalry Division entered Hongort, charging through 500 of Wang Ying's soldiers. The struggle for Hongort persisted for over three days, resulting in nearly 1,000 casualties before Fu Zuoyi regained control.   As the tide shifted against the invaders, Fu Zuoyi initiated an offensive toward the Bailing Temple, the rear base of the enemy, well-stocked and defended by 3,000 men under Prince Demchugdongrub. Fu Zuoyi ordered the 2nd Cavalry Division, along with the 211th and 315th Brigades, the 21st Artillery Regiment, and a convoy of 20 trucks and 24 armored vehicles to assault the Bailing Temple as quickly as possible. Taking advantage of the Mongolian chaos, Fu Zuoyi's 35th Brigade executed a flanking maneuver west of the Bailing Temple amid a severe snowstorm.   At 1 AM on the 24th, the battle for the Bailing Temple commenced as the Chinese engaged the Mongolians for the fortified positions around the temple. From 2 to 4 AM, the Chinese advanced closer to the temple walls, facing artillery and machine-gun fire. They launched desperate frontal assaults against the city gates, suffering heavy losses. A fierce stalemate ensued, with Japanese aerial bombardments causing significant casualties to the Chinese forces. Fu Zuoyi subsequently ordered all armored vehicles to converge at the main city gate. Despite intense fire, the armored cars managed to breach the gate, allowing Chinese infantry to flood into the temple area. The resulting carnage within the temple walls led to 900 Mongol deaths, with 300 captured as the rest fled. The Chinese suffered 300 casualties but secured the strategically vital rear base, along with a substantial stockpile of provisions, including 500 barrels of petrol, 600 rifles, 10 machine guns, vehicles, and field guns. Following the devastating defeat at Bailing Temple, the invaders regrouped at Xilamuleng Temple. On the 28th, the Japanese sent 100 vehicles to transport 3,000 troops to prepare for a significant counteroffensive to recapture Bailing Temple. On the 29th, Wang Ying personally led 2,000 cavalry north of Shangdu to Taolin in an attempt to contain the enemy. However, after he left the bulk of his forces at Xilamuleng Temple, officers from the Grand Han Righteous Army secretly began negotiating to defect to the Chinese side, undermining the forces needed for the counterattack against Bailing Temple.   The counteroffensive commenced on December 2nd, with 10 armored vehicles and 1,000 Mongol troops leading the charge at 6 AM. They were pushed back by the heavily fortified 211th Brigade, which was well-supplied with machine guns and artillery. The following day, at 3 AM, the Mongols attempted a surprise attack but faced an ambush as they crept toward the temple. They incurred hundreds of casualties, with 230 men either captured or having defected. After this, the counterattack stalled, as the Mongol forces couldn't approach within 3 miles of the temple. Subsequently, the Chinese 2nd Cavalry Division launched a pincer maneuver, causing significant casualties among the invaders. By 9 AM, the enemy had suffered 500 casualties and was in retreat. At 7 PM, Fu Zuoyi ordered another counteroffensive. By the next morning, hundreds more had been lost, and several hundred soldiers were captured. With such heavy losses, the defense of Xilamuleng Temple weakened significantly, prompting more officers to defect to the Chinese. Late on the 4th, Fu Zuoyi assembled a force comprising two cavalry regiments, one infantry regiment, one artillery battalion, four armored vehicles, and a squadron of cars to launch a nighttime assault on Xilamuleng Temple.   Meanwhile, the 2nd Cavalry Division clashed with Wang Ying's cavalry 30 miles northeast of Wulanhua. Wang Ying's 2,000 cavalry had been raiding nearby villages to create diversions, drawing enemy forces away from the Bailing-Xilamuleng theater. By the 9th, Wang Ying's cavalry were encircled in Xiaobei, where they were nearly annihilated, with Wang escaping with around a hundred guards toward Changpei. On the 7th, some Grand Han Righteous Army officers set in motion plans to defect to the Chinese side. Early on the 9th, these officers led their men to invade the residence of Japanese advisors, killing all 27 Japanese officers under Colonel Obama. Simultaneously, Fu Zuoyi's forces executed a flanking maneuver against the Xilamuleng Temple amidst the chaos. With mass defections, the Chinese forces surged into the temple area, resulting in the invader army disintegrating in confusion and surrender. After seizing the temple, the invaders were routed, their lines of communication severed, and only isolated pockets continued to resist. Taking advantage of the confusion, Fu Zuoyi launched simultaneous attacks, attempting to capture Shangdu. However, Yan Xishan sent him a telegram, ordering him to halt, stating that Shangdu fell under the jurisdiction of Shanxi and not Suiyuan.   In response to the loss, Tanaka planned a counteroffensive with Qin's troops, but Chiang kai-shek commanded a strong defense of Pailingmiao, successfully outmaneuvering Tanaka's strategies. The resurgence of Chinese forces led to the disintegration of Qin's troops, who revolted and eventually joined the Nationalist army. The Kwantung Army aimed to redeploy its forces for recovery but faced opposition from Tokyo, which criticized the situation. After Chiang kai-shek was kidnapped by Zhang Xueliang on December 12, Tanaka and Prince De seized the opportunity to reassess their strategy. Ultimately, the Kwantung Army decided to abandon efforts to reclaim Pailingmiao, marking the official end of hostilities on December 21. The Suiyuan incident ultimately strengthened Chinese resolve against Japan and increased international distrust.   The defeat of Japan's proxy forces inspired many Chinese to advocate for a more vigorous resistance against the Japanese. The triumph in Suiyuan was celebrated throughout China and surprised the international media, marking the first occasion where the Chinese army successfully halted a Japanese unit. Delegations traveled from as distant as southern Chinese provinces to encourage the defenders to continue their fight. Captured Japanese weapons and equipment served as proof of Japan's involvement in the conflict, despite Japan's Foreign Minister Hachirō Arita claiming that "Japan was not involved in this conflict in Suiyuan at all." After his defeat, Prince Demchugdongrub and his Inner Mongolian troops retreated to northern Chahar, where he had to reconstruct his army due to significant losses. The Japanese implemented new regulations for the Mongolian Army to enhance its effectiveness, and efforts to recruit new soldiers commenced.   I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. More incidents and more battles to seize territory raged in North China. However things did not go according to plan for the Japanese and their puppets. The tides had turned, and now a more angry and invigorating China would begin lashing out against the encroachment. It was only a matter of time before a full blown war was declared. 

AP correspondent Charles de Ledesma reports Russia and Ukraine are holding their first direct peace talks in three years.

Europe Editor, Tony Connelly reports from Tirana in Albania on talks between Russian and Ukraine.

For review:1. President Trump on Last Leg of Middle East Visit.2. Despite No President Putin- Russia & Ukraine Delegations Still to Meet on16 May.3. US Army's First Unit Fielded with FLRAA will be 101st Airborne Division.4. US Army High Accuracy Detection and Exploitation System (HADES) aircraft procurement down to 6 systems instead of 12, as originally thought.  Last year, the Sierra Nevada Corporation won an Army contract to integrate a suite of capabilities onto the Bombardier Global 6500 jet under the HADES program. The service wants to have an initial aircraft ready for the force by the end of 2026 or early 2027.5.  USMC Commandant said the Marine Corps is still committed to the JLTV program. “It is our workhorse on the ground tactical vehicle fleet,” General Eric Smith told the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense. Speaking to reporters in Tennessee on Wednesday, Army Vice Chief General James Mingus said the Army's last tranche of JLTVs was purchased in January. 6. US Senate Confirms Troy Meink as Air Force Secretary.

Delegations from Russia and Ukraine are due to meet in Turkey for peace talks but the leaders of both countries will not be present, despite President Putin proposing the talks take place. Moscow has notably withheld its top diplomatic heavyweights, which according to Zelensky, means the nation is "not serious" about peace. US President Donald Trump has weighed in, saying peace won't happen until he meets with Putin himself. Ukraine's former Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba joins the show in London to discuss  Also on today's show: former Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman; author Dr. Jerry Avorn  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

① Delegations of Russia and Ukraine meet in Istanbul for peace talks. President Vladimir Putin is not on Russia's list of negotiators. What could be the thorny issues on the negotiating table? (00:54)② Iran has signaled willingness to accept far-reaching curbs on its nuclear program in exchange for sanctions relief. What could this message bring to the Iran-US nuclear talks? (12:56)③ Australia's prime minister is in Indonesia as part of his first international visit since re-election. Why is Jakarta one of the priorities of Canberra's foreign policy? (24:28)④ There is a temporary cooling of trade tensions between the US and the EU, but key questions remain. We talk to a German professor on if the two sides could resolve their disputes. (35:53)⑤ We look at China's latest move to cut the portion of deposits commercial banks must hold in reserves and how much fresh liquidity it will inject into markets. (43:20)

For review:1. Israeli PM Vows Retaliation Against Iran & Houthis for Airport Missile Strike. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on Sunday vowed to retaliate against the Houthis in Yemen and to act against “their patron” Iran, hours after the rebel group struck Ben Gurion Airport with a ballistic missile. 2. President Trump said in an interview aired Sunday that the aim of his administration's nuclear talks with Iran is to achieve “total dismantlement” of Tehran's nuclear program, but that he is open to letting the Islamic Republic pursue civilian nuclear energy.  A fourth round of talks between the US and Iran initially scheduled for Saturday, was postponed, mediator Oman said earlier this week, citing “logistical reasons.” 3. President Trump dismissed Mike Waltz as national security advisor and announced his nomination as the next US ambassador to the United Nations, while Secretary of State Marco Rubio was named as his interim replacement.According to a Washington Post report. President Trump was angered by his hawkish position on Iran and focus on military options to destroy Tehran's nuclear program.4. Pres Zelenskyy to Delegations Visiting Moscow Parade: We cannot be held responsible for what happens (in) Russian Federation.  The Ukrainian President said his government could not guarantee the safety of foreign delegations visiting Moscow to attend the Victory Day Parade next Friday, marking the 80th anniversary of the end of World War II. 5.  During an interview, Russian President Vladimir Putin said Moscow has the "strength and means" to bring the war with Ukraine to a "logical conclusion." "We have enough strength and means to bring what was started in 2022 to a logical conclusion with the outcome Russia requires." 6. US SECDEF orders US Army transformation.

Delegations arrived in London on Wednesday for talks on a ceasefire between Russia and Ukraine after the discussions were downgraded from the very top level. Officials, including the US Secretary of State Marco Rubio and the Foreign Secretary David Lammy had been expected to attend, but that's now not happening.The downgrading in the level of diplomacy is in contrast with an intensification in the pressure from Donald Trump to agree a ceasefire. So, what's going on? Is a peace deal inching closer or moving further away?  On the Sky News Daily, Niall Paterson talks to Sky's military analyst Michael Clarke to find out.Producer: Soila Apparicio Editor: Philly Beaumont

For review:1. Aircraft Carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN-70) Arrives in CENTCOM AOR. The USS Carl Vinson — which is armed with F-35C stealth warplanes — is now working alongside the USS Harry S. Truman in the region, US Central Command says.2.  The Commander of Iran's Army Ground Force revealed plans to set up the new unmanned-focused facilities in country's border regions.3.  Israeli and Turkish Delegations Meet in Azerbaijan to Discuss Syria Deconfliction.4. France and UK Co-lead "Coalition of the Willing" Discussion in Brussels.5. France to develop tactical (150 kilometer range) rocket artillery system and test by mid-2026.6. Speaking at SASC Hearing on Thursday, US Forces Korea Commander (Army General Xavier Brunson) supports current US Troop levels on the Korean Peninsula.7. President Trump's Executive Order Calls for Modernization Review of Programs & Processes. 

Teams from both Kyiv and Moscow are back in Saudi Arabia for separate talks with the US. Meanwhile, Canada’s new prime minister, Mark Carney, calls a snap general election for a month’s time and Zürich narrowly approves a ban on digital advertising screens and most commercial adverts in public spaces. Plus: Greek tourism minister Olga Kefalogianni assures international travellers that Santorini is “fully prepared” to welcome visitors. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

International enterprises at the China Development Forum have underscored the attractiveness and huge potential of China's economy (01:07). Washington is considering port fees for Chinese ships and fleets using ships made in China (13:37). U.S. and Russian authorities have held another round of talks in Saudi Arabia discussing Ukraine and other issues (21:08).

U.S. and Russia resume talks in Saudi Arabia, following an earlier meeting between Washington and Kyiv. An Israeli airstrike on a hospital in Khan Younis kills at least five, including a Hamas leader. The Democratic Republic of the Congo vows to end its eastern conflict through dialogue.

Preview: Colleague Professor Evan Ellis reports that the CCP continues to send delegations to Panama City to convince the government to break the deal with BlackRock for the Hutchinson Ports. MORE LATER. 1910

1. His Holiness Delivered a Teaching in Honor of Chotrul Duchen 2. CTA Commemorates 1989 Tibetan Martyrs with Prayer Service 3. Central Tibetan Administration Commemorates 66th Tibetan National Uprising Day with Delegations from Estonia and Slovakia 4. Slovakian and Estonian Delegations Reaffirm Strong Support for Tibet at Joint Press Conference 5. Fifth ‘Europe Stands With Tibet' Rally Reaffirms Global Support for Tibetan Freedom

Ukrainian officials meet a U.S. delegation in Saudi Arabia to try to find a way to end the conflict with Russia. Israel's negotiating team travels to Qatar for talks aimed at extending the Gaza ceasefire. U.S. stocks plunge as uncertainties over tariffs and a possible federal government shutdown feul recession fears.

As the Russia-Ukraine conflict enters its fourth year, U.S. and Russian officials are having their second round of talks following the first round in Riyadh on February 18. Meanwhile, Washington and Kyiv are getting closer to a deal over rare earth resources. President Zelenskyy will go to White House to potentially sign the deal and meet with President Donald Trump. Is Trump trying to "pull a Nixon" in reverse with Russia? How is China navigating its push for a political solution to the Ukraine crisis?

Albayan Radio presents a 30 part series on the: Seerah: The Life of The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) presented by: Nedal Ayoubi. Listen to the whole series: Soundcloud: https://on.soundcloud.com/FsxY5 YouTube: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLI2g1laHLLs7HSC9X6qqWAQlkLOvMUzKT&si=fGLHy8E8pWnpwD2B To share in the reward and support Albayan Radio, please donate here: https://albayan.com.au/donate/ For more: Download the Albayan Radio App: http://albayan.com.au/ _________ Follow Albayan Radio on: WhatsApp Channel: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaMKO5ALtOjIBnbrGV3I Telegram: https://t.me/albayanradioaustralia Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/albayanradio/ Instagram: https://instagram.com/albayan_radio?igshid=ZGUzMzM3NWJiOQ== Threads: https://www.threads.net/@albayan_radio TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@albayanradio _________ Catch up on past programs: Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4srHe4L2NxhpjDggak9AEm?si=2be88664bce34ba0 SoundCloud: https://soundcloud.com/albayan-radio Apple Podcast: https://goo.gl/Lq0WHf Podbean: https://goo.gl/EBXfrn YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/AlbayanRadioAustralia Rumble: https://rumble.com/user/AlbayanRadio

Hosts: Rusty Cannon and Taylor Morgan  Peace talks today between the United States and Russia as the two countries work to come to an agreement over Ukraine. Notably absent from the talks... Ukraine itself. The discussions have prompted concern from some of our allies, including several European countries and Ukraine itself. Inside Sources hosts Taylor Morgan and Rusty Cannon share their thoughts on this foreign policy move. 

Topics covered in this episode: PEP 772 – Packaging governance process Official Django MongoDB Backend Now Available in Public Preview Developer Philosophy Python 3.13.2 released Extras Joke Watch on YouTube About the show Sponsored by us! Support our work through: Our courses at Talk Python Training The Complete pytest Course Patreon Supporters Connect with the hosts Michael: @mkennedy@fosstodon.org / @mkennedy.codes (bsky) Brian: @brianokken@fosstodon.org / @brianokken.bsky.social Show: @pythonbytes@fosstodon.org / @pythonbytes.fm (bsky) Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Monday at 10am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Brian #1: PEP 772 – Packaging governance process draft, created 21-Jan, by Barry Warsaw, Deb Nicholson, Pradyun Gedam “As Python packaging has matured, several interrelated problems with the current way of managing the technical development, decision making and processes have become apparent.” “This PEP proposes a Python Packaging Council with broad authority over packaging standards, tools, and implementations. Like the Python Steering Council, the Packaging Council seeks to exercise this authority as rarely as possible; instead, they use this power to establish standard processes.” PEP discusses PyPA, Packaging-WG, Interoperability Standards, Python Steering Council, and Expectations of an elected Packaging Council A specification with Composition: 5 people Mandate, Responsibilities, Delegations, Process, Terms, etc. Michael #2: Official Django MongoDB Backend Now Available in Public Preview Over the last few years, Django developers have increasingly used MongoDB, presenting an opportunity for an official MongoDB-built Python package to make integrating both technologies as painless as possible. Features The ability to use Django models with confidence. Developers can use Django models to represent MongoDB documents, with support for Django forms, validations, and authentication. Django admin support. The package allows users to fire up the Django admin page as they normally would, with full support for migrations and database schema history. Native connecting from settings.py. Just as with any other database provider, developers can customize the database engine in settings.py to get MongoDB up and running. MongoDB-specific querying optimizations. Field lookups have been replaced with aggregation calls (aggregation stages and aggregate operators), JOIN operations are represented through $lookup, and it's possible to build indexes right from Python. Limited advanced functionality. While still in development, the package already has support for time series, projections, and XOR operations. Aggregation pipeline support. Raw querying allows aggregation pipeline operators. Since aggregation is a superset of what traditional MongoDB Query API methods provide, it gives developers more functionality. Brian #3: Developer Philosophy by qntm Intended as “advice for junior developers about personal dev philosophy”, I think these are just great tips to keep in mind. The items Avoid, at all costs, arriving at a scenario where the ground-up rewrite starts to look attractive This is less about “don't do rewrites”, but about noticing the warning signs ahead of time. Aim to be 90% done in 50% of the available time Great quote: “The first 90% of the job takes 90% of the time. The last 10% of the job takes the other 90% of the time.” Automate good practices Think about pathological data “Nobody cares about the golden path. Edge cases are our entire job.” Brian's note: But also think about the happy path. Documenting and testing what you think of as the happy path is a testing start and helps others understand your idea of how things are supposed to work. There's usually a simpler way to write it Write code to be testable It is insufficient for code to be provably correct; it should be obviously, visibly, trivially correct Brian's note: Even if it's obviously, visibly, trivially correct, it will still break. So test it anyway. Michael #4: Python 3.13.2 released Python 3.13's second maintenance release. About 250 changes went into this update Also Python 3.12.9, Python 3.12's ninth maintenance release already. Just 180 changes for 3.12, but it's still worth upgrading. For us, it's simply rebuilding our Docker base (i.e. —no-cache) with these lines: RUN curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache uv venv --python 3.13 /venv Extras Brian: Still thinking about pytest plugins a lot. The top pytest plugin list Has been updated for Feb Is starting to include things without “pytest” in the name, like Hypothesis and Syrupy. Eventually I'll have to add “looking at trove classifiers” as part of the search, but for now, let me know if you're favorite is missing. Includes T&C podcast episode links if I've covered it on the show. There's 2 so far Michael: There's a new release of PyScript out. All the details are here: Highlight is new PyGame-CE support. Go play! PEP 2026 – Calendar versioning for Python rejected. :( PEP 759 – External Wheel Hosting withdrawn Joke: Pride Versioning

Now that the Trump administration has settled in, two questions have emerged for the congressional delegations near D.C. One concerns the ping-pong ball that is the FBI new headquarters question. Another has to do with the new federal job classification known as career-policy. We get one view now from Maryland Democratic Congressman Glenn Ivey. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoicesSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Now that the Trump administration has settled in, two questions have emerged for the congressional delegations near D.C. One concerns the ping-pong ball that is the FBI new headquarters question. Another has to do with the new federal job classification known as career-policy. We get one view now from Maryland Democratic Congressman Glenn Ivey. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Your daily news in under three minutes. At Al Jazeera Podcasts, we want to hear from you, our listeners. So, please head to https://www.aljazeera.com/survey and tell us your thoughts about this show and other Al Jazeera podcasts. It only takes a few minutes! Connect with us: @AJEPodcasts on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Threads and YouTube

Delegations from Labour and Social Democrats have met to discuss the possibility of a common negotiating platform. It's something that had been proposed by Labour leader Ivana Bacik, but the Social Democrats have shown less enthusiasm. Sandra Hurley of our political staff explains...

Albayan Radio presents a series on the: Seerah: The Life of The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) presented by: Nedal Ayoubi. Listen to the whole series: Soundcloud: https://on.soundcloud.com/FsxY5 YouTube: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLI2g1laHLLs7HSC9X6qqWAQlkLOvMUzKT&si=fGLHy8E8pWnpwD2B To share in the reward and support Albayan Radio, please donate here: https://albayan.com.au/donate/ For more: Download the Albayan Radio App: http://albayan.com.au/ _________ Follow Albayan Radio on: WhatsApp Channel: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaMKO5ALtOjIBnbrGV3I Telegram: https://t.me/albayanradioaustralia Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/albayanradio/ Instagram: https://instagram.com/albayan_radio?igshid=ZGUzMzM3NWJiOQ== Threads: https://www.threads.net/@albayan_radio TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@albayanradio _________ Catch up on past programs: Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4srHe4L2NxhpjDggak9AEm?si=2be88664bce34ba0 SoundCloud: https://soundcloud.com/albayan-radio Apple Podcast: https://goo.gl/Lq0WHf Podbean: https://goo.gl/EBXfrn YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/AlbayanRadioAustralia Rumble: https://rumble.com/user/AlbayanRadio

It's been a couple months since we last checked in on Eurovision news… hoo boy there's a lot to get caught up on. We have elections, new heads of delegations, and info about way too many national selections. Avalanche Summary

①Record-high delegations, athletes expected to participate in 9th Asian Winter Games②China kicks off month-long consumption campaign in five big cities③China's Shenzhen to prioritize AI, NEV, biomedical industries④Dinosaur fossils found in Hong Kong for 1st time⑤A Thousand Whys: How do Chinese people celebrate the Start of Winter?

Sunday September 8, 2024 Rabi al-Awwal 4, 1446   This episode explores the 'Year of Delegations' and discusses multiple visits undertaken and the events that unfolded as tribes embraced Islam.

Tuesday September 10, 2024 Rabi al-Awwal 6, 1446   This episode continues the discussion on delegations that came to Medina to embrace Islam and also discusses the death of Umm Kulthum, the death of the chief of the hypocrites 'Abdullah b. Ubay, and the death of the Prophet's son Ibrahim.

Chinese Premier Li Qiang is visiting the UAE following his trip to Saudi Arabia, and has pledged to work with the Gulf country under the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership(01:06). Representatives from over 100 countries and regions, including the United States, Russia, Ukraine and Israel, are attending the Beijing Xiangshan Forum to discuss building trust and resolving doubts through dialogue(13:06). And Typhoon Yagi has killed more than 200 people in Vietnam and Thailand(22:47).

Monday August 12, 2024 Safar 7, 1446   After discussing the battle of Hunayn and the siege of Ta'if, this episode looks at the events at the end of the eighth year after Hijra and the ninth year, discussing the repentance of Ka'b b. Zuhayr, delegations, letters to rulers, the birth of Ibrahim, and the beginning of the battle of Tabuk.

A new round of Middle East peace talks have begun, despite Hamas's refusal to send a delegation. The US National Security Council spokesperson John Kirby says there's been a “promising start” to the meetings. Delegations are coming together as the Hamas-run health ministry says the Gaza death toll has now reached 40,000. Also on the programme: Five people have been charged in connection with the ketamine-related death of ‘Friends' actor Matthew Perry; and three years on since the Taliban took power in Afghanistan, a UN representative for the country tells us how women's rights have been affected.(Photo: Families of Hamas hostages protest for their release, Tel Aviv, Israel, 15th August 2024. Credit: Abir Sultan/EPA-EFE/REX/Shutterstock)

Presentation of delegation, during the leaders' bible camp in Koume from the 1st - 15th of August 2024

October 7th has forced Jewish educators and parents to look inward as to how they are impacting Jewish youths' relationship to Israel.Since October 7th, The Jewish Education Project, along with many partner organizations, has brought over 300 educators to Israel on Mishlachot Areyvut ("Delegations of Responsibility") to bear witness firsthand and take that experience back to their learners. In this final episode of Season 4, sitting down with David Bryfman is Michael Witman, one of the delegation participants who was deeply affected by what he saw and felt in Israel. Their candid conversation on personal reflection and growth puts into context the role that education plays in a post-October 7th world, and where educators went wrong. This episode was produced by Dina Nusnbaum and Miranda Lapides. The show's executive producers are David Bryfman, Karen Cummins, and Nessa Liben.  This episode was engineered and edited by Nathan J. Vaughan of NJV Media.  If you enjoyed the show, please leave us a 5-star rating and review, or even better, share it with a friend. Be sure to subscribe wherever you listen to podcasts and be the first to know when new episodes are released. To learn more about The Jewish Education Project visit jewishedproject.org where you can find links to our Jewish Educator Portal and learn more about our mission, history, and staff. We are a proud partner of UJA-Federation of New York. 

AP correspondent Charles de Ledesma reports Ukrainian, Italian, and Lithuanian athletes are among the arrivals at Paris' international airport ahead of the late July Olympics.

All of New Mexico's Congressional delegation voted against the SAVE Act, which would have prevented non citizens the right to vote, plus a recap of the NKOTB Concert on News Radio KKOBSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Delegations from Egypt, the US, Qatar and Israel meet in Qatar to continue Gaza truce talks. Also on the programme: Joe Biden makes his highest-profile policy speech since questions arose about his fitness for office, Slovakia's prime minister, Robert Fico, makes his first public appearances since his assassination attempt and Microsoft quits the board of Open AI amid antitrust scrutiny. Plus: we try out the sauna in Finnair's Helsinki non-Schengen lounge. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Expedition of Tabuk demonstrated to Arabs the strength of the Muslims. Over the next year, the various tribes responded by sending the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) delegations to accept Islam and pledge their allegiance. Prophet Muhammmad welcomed them & forgave past conflicts.He focused on:- Renouncing idolatry & polytheism- Spreading Islamic knowledge- Building strong alliances and goodwillThe Prophet's Methods:- Generosity: Gave gifts (gold, dates, land) to solidify alliances.- Compassion: Blessed children & offered amnesty even before requested.- Education: Assigned teachers to delegations.- Respect: Gave new, honorable names to some converts.Examples:Bedouin Tribe: Wanted to convert & requested financial aid. The Quran revealed their motives weren't pure faith, but the Prophet didn't reject them.Banu Thaqif: A stubborn tribe, they initially set conditions for conversion (avoid prayer, keep idols). The Prophet refused some demands but offered amnesty & teachers.- Uthman ibn Abi Al-Aas (secret Muslim from the tribe) was assigned to be their governor, highlighting the Prophet's trust in young converts.Lecture notes available at http://www.why-quran.org/?p=738.Subscribe at http://www.why-quran.org/subscribe to watch the lectures live and participate in the Q&A at the end of each class.Video recording of this lecture + Q&A available on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-q9VNc-wo0&list=PLpkB0iwLgfTat-Pgh4W3WFmupPamiC9UT.TREASON: Claus von Stauffenberg and the Plot to kill HitlerIn ten episodes, Treason tells the remarkable and true story of Claus von...Listen on: Apple Podcasts Spotify

C listers and tag-a-longs is how the PM has apparently described trade delegations under the past six years of the former government, however, there's double up between the PM's self described A list and the business leaders that went on Chris Hipkins China trip last year; like Air New Zealand, Zespri , Fonterra, Tourism Holdings and Silver Fern Farms, Tyrone McAuley speaks to Lisa Owen.

Christopher Luxon described past trade delegations as C-listers and tag alongs before his trip to Japan, despite his Tokyo delegation including many businesses - like Fonterra, Zespri and ANZCO - have been on past trips, Anneke Smith reports.

The Prime Minister concedes he could have used better words to describe past business delegations. Before setting off to Japan, Chris Luxon told Newstalk ZB the calibre of contingents had been lacking in recent years describing them as watered down to the 'C-list'. ZB senior political correspondent Barry Soper says it was a mistake for Luxon to insult his own voting base ahead of his own business delegation. LISTEN ABOVESee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Prime Minister has come under fire after describing former business delegations as C-listers and tag-alongs. Labour leader Chris Hipkins spoke to Corin Dann.

Ce lundi 20 mai, l'investiture du président taïwanais récemment élu, avec une grande célébration et la rencontre avec le public, a été abordé par Laura Cambaud dans sa chronique, dans l'émission Good Morning Business, présentée par Laure Closier, sur BFM Business. Retrouvez l'émission du lundi au vendredi et réécoutez la en podcast.

Delegations from Israel and Hamas returned to Cairo to resume fraught negotiations over a potential cease-fire and hostage deal. Meantime, Israeli tanks and troops seized the Rafah border crossing with Egypt, delaying aid shipments as 1.2 million Palestinians shelter in the city. Nick Schifrin reports. PBS NewsHour is supported by - https://www.pbs.org/newshour/about/funders

Delegations from Israel and Hamas returned to Cairo to resume fraught negotiations over a potential cease-fire and hostage deal. Meantime, Israeli tanks and troops seized the Rafah border crossing with Egypt, delaying aid shipments as 1.2 million Palestinians shelter in the city. Nick Schifrin reports. PBS NewsHour is supported by - https://www.pbs.org/newshour/about/funders

Radio International - The Ultimate Eurovision Experience is broadcast from Malta's Radio 105FM on Tuesday evenings from 2100 - 0059 hours CET. The show is also broadcast on SWITCH Radio Europe in the United Kingdom live on Wednesday evenings from 1900 - 2300 hours CET as well as on the Facebook Page of Eurovision Radio International with an interactive chatroom. AT A GLANCE - ON THE SHOW THIS WEEK Revealing the Radio International Jury Voting of the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 - Semi Final 1 Interview with Windows95man (Finland 2024) done at the London PreParty 2024 Interview with Bambie Thug (Ireland 2024) done at Eurovision in Concert 2024, Amsterdam Interview with Aiko (Czechia 2024) done at the Madrid PreParty Interview with Natalia Barbu (Moldova 2024) done at the Madrid PreParty Interview with Teya Dora (Serbia 2024) done at the Madrid PreParty 2024  Interview with Melina Borglowe (Melodifestivalen 2024, Heat 1) Interview with Marvin Dittmann  (Choreograph at Eurovision Song Contest) done at the London PreParty - postponed to after Eurovision Eurovision Song Contest 2024 Medleys of Semi Final 2 and the Grand Final Eurovision Spotlight:  When the Eurovision Song Contest was hosted by Malmö previously in 1992 and 2013 with Alasdair Rendall Eurovision News with Nick van Lith from www.escXtra.com Eurovision Birthday File with David Mann Eurovision Cover Spot with David Mann Eurovision Calendar with Javier Leal New Music Releases by Eurovision Artists Your music requests    The Eurovision 2024 - Let's travel to Malmö ! Natalia Barbu, Windows95man, Bambie Thug, Aiko, Teya Dora and Melina Borglowe After the PreParties across Europe, Delegations have arrived in Malmö to start rehearsing for the big Eurovision Song Contest 2024. It is also the final edition of Radio International before JP and the team is heading out to Malmoe. This week on the show meet some more of the Eurostars 2024 you will also see on the stage of the Eurovision Song Contest 2024. Salman, Marc and JP have met many of the acts at the pre-parties in Madrid, London and Amsterdam. Get ready to meet:  Windows95man (Finland) "No Rules", Bambie Thug (Ireland) "Doomsday Blue", Natalia Barbu (Moldova) "In the Middle", Aiko (Czechia) "Pedestal" and Teya Dora (Serbia) "Ramonda". Time permitting there will also be an interview with Marvin Dittman from Austria who is a stage choreographer for the Eurovision Song Contest. Salman met Marvin at the London PreParty this year for a chat what exactly his job is about. Also on the show this week there is also an interview with Melina Borglowe from Sweden's Melodifestivalen 2024 who performed the song "Min melodi" in Heat 1. The Voting Results are in - read on! Eurovision Song Contest 2024 - Semi Final 1 - Voting Results of the Radio International Jury: Over the last weeks 25 jury members cast their votes for the songs of the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 and the results are in. This week JP will reveal the results of the Radio International Jury for Semi Final 1 playing the songs in the order of least points to top score. Next week the show will come from Malmö and JP will be revealing then the results of Semi Final 2 and the Top 6 of the Grand Finalists (Big 5 and host country Sweden) and also JP will reveal the entire Top 37 of the Eurovision Song Contest 2024. Let's see how right the Radio International Jury is, compared to the results that are coming after the Grand Final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2024.   Eurovision Spotlight - When Malmö hosted the Eurovsion Song Contest: Sweden has now equalized its victories with Ireland having won the Eurovision Song Contest seven times. Sweden's city Malmö hosted the Eurovision Song Contest twice and about a third time is to come. Eurovision 1992 came from the Malmö Isstadion and 2013 the venue was the same as in 2024 - the Malmö Arena. Alasdair Rendall will be joining JP in the studio for the special Eurovision Spotlight when Malmö hosted Eurovision looking back at some of the musical highlight from the two years. Also JP will be joined by David Mann for the Eurovision Birthday File and Eurovision Coverspot.  Nick will be presenting the Eurovision News courtesy of escXtra.com. There will be a lot of the great new releases of Eurovision artists on the show as well as great Eurovision Classics. Javier will be updating us on the upcoming Eurovision events in the Eurovision Calendar and and and....   The Radio International Interview Hall of Fame: During the Interview Sessions Radio International takes photos and videos which you can find on the Radio International Interview Hall of Fame 2020 and 2021. To view the photos done during the interviews - click here - for the Radio International Hall of Fame Photo Album. This is the Hall of Fame: Dana, Charlotte Perrelli, Linda Martin, Niamh Kavanagh, Katrina of Katrina and the Waves, Charlie McGettigan, Emmelie de Forest, Jamala, Chiara, Ulrikke, Anabel Conde, Scott Fitzgerald, Eldar of Ell and Nikki, Sanna Nielsen, Hera Björk, Bojana Stamenov, Deen, Lina Hedlund and Andreas Lundstedt from Alcazar, Poli Genova, Ira Losco, Jan Johansen Nicki French, Debbie Scerri, Rasmussen, Senhit, Rainer from Wind, Jalisse, Maja Keuc (Amaya),Thomas Forstner, Lisa Andreas, Esther Hart, Vanilla Ninja, Maja Keuc (Amaya), Sibel Tüzün, Sidsel Ben Semmane, Monika Linkyte, Boggie, Intelligent Music Project (Bulgaria 2022), Mia Dimsic (Croatia 2022), Andrea (North Macedonia 2022), Brooke Scullion (Ireland 2022), Citi Zeni (Latvia 2022), Ochman (Poland 2022), Anna Bergendahl, Tim Schou from a Friend in London, The Roop, Bilal of NorthKid, Cyan Kicks, Justs, James Newman, Serhat, Vanessa Amarosi, Lesley Roy, Brooke, Franklin, Martina Majerle of Quartissimo, Miriam Christine, Claudia Faniello, Fabrizio Faniello, Chanel, Jordan Ravi, Viorela Moraru, Mia Negovetic, Parvani Violet Vasil, Janice Mangion, Mariette, KEiiNO, Anett Kublin (Anett and Fredi), Tess Merkel, Glen Vella, Anton Ewald, Katrina Dimanta formerly of Aarzemnieki, ManuElla, Tusse, Blind Channel, Danny Saucedo, Jendrik, Tornike Kipiani, GO_A, Kurt Calleja, Rafał Brzozowski, Barbara Pravi, Fyr og Flamme, almost all artists from the Eurovision 2021 and 2022 class. Find out more details of how to tune in live - click here For full details of this week's Show Content and Play List - click here

Systemizing your business might just be the game-changer you need. I had a fascinating chat about reverse engineering processes for scalability with entrepreneur Tony Disilvestro. His approach isn't just theory—it's the backbone of his own success. Did you know that 70% of successful businesses attribute their growth to strong systems and processes? Listen in to to learn more. "It's about inspiring entrepreneurs and letting them realize their dreams." - Tony Disilvestro What you will learn: The three key pillars for exponential growth Transition from business owner to entrepreneur Delegations and Systems The Business Scaling Blueprint Continue the conversation with Jacob Franco: Jacob's Calendar Learn more about Brian Franco by visiting: Facebook Email Me

Delegations of deputies attending the second session of the 14th National People's Congress, China's national legislature, have all registered for the NPC annual session.

The first day of the Summit BRICS 2023 is hosted by South Africa. Official meeting has been set aside for events involving the more than 70 countries invited as "friends" of the BRICS bloc. Delegations will gather to discuss the expansions, trades deals and de-dollarization.