Podcasts about Philo

Dive into laughter as host Marina Franklin talks with Keisha "TK" Dutes and Kimberly Clark ! From game show antics to serious social talks, this episode brings both heart and humor.   Keisha “TK” Dutes is a multidisciplinary creative, audio veteran, and community builder. She is the founder of Philo's Future Media, where she helps producers bring stories to life with intention and authenticity, and serves as co-President of the board of the Association of Independents in Radio (AIR). A passionate educator and advocate for creative expression, TK's work centers on healing, truth-telling, and expanding the possibilities of what audio can be. Beyond the mic, she's an extreme hobbyist and visual artist—immersed in playful, ever-evolving creative pursuits that keep her rooted in joy. Her current project is The Secret Life Of TK Dutes Podcast.  Learn more at tastykeish.com  Kimberly Clark - Originally from Syracuse, NY. She's been seen on Netflix's Tiffany Haddish presents: They Ready, The Late Late Show with James Corden, and Last Comic Standing. She was named one of Time Out L.A.'s Comics To Watch. Always hosted by Marina Franklin - One Hour Comedy Special: Single Black Female ( Amazon Prime, CW Network), TBS's The Last O.G, Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, Hysterical on FX, The Movie Trainwreck, Louie Season V, The Jim Gaffigan Show, Conan O'Brien, Stephen Colbert, HBO's Crashing, and The Breaks with Michelle Wolf. Writer for HBO's 'Divorce' and the new Tracy Morgan show on Paramount Plus: 'Crutch'.  

POUR COMMANDER MON LIVRE : Sur Amazon : https://amzn.to/3ZMm4CY Sur Fnac.com : https://tidd.ly/4dWJZ8ODans nos sociétés, l'espoir est valorisé. "L'espoir fait vivre", dit le dicton. Mais se pourrait-il que nous nous trompions ? Se pourrait-il que l'espoir, loin d'être positif, nous enferme dans la passivité et contribue à notre malheur ? Éléments de réflexion dans cet épisode.---Envie d'aller plus loin ? Rejoignez-moi sur Patreon pour accéder à tout mon contenu supplémentaire.

durée : 00:04:16 - Les punchlines de la philo - par : Thibaut de Saint-Maurice Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les autres épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France.

Todd Elliott, founder of FILO (First In Last Out), joins us to share how he went from a high school production enthusiast to leading tech teams at Kensington Community Church and Willow Creek. We explore the essential role of trust, excellence, and the art of technical production in church settings—plus the lessons learned from failure and what it takes to build strong team dynamics. Todd also opens up about balancing volunteer and paid roles, ensuring spiritual health for tech teams, and making smart investments in church tech. He also gives us a preview of upcoming Philo events, explaining why community and continuous learning are so important for technical artists.Follow FILO Youtube00:00 Building Trust and Overcoming Challenges01:56 Journey into Production: From High School to Kensington05:33 Experiences at Willow Creek and Beyond08:26 The Importance of Technical Excellence28:29 Balancing Service and Personal Well-being38:13 Addressing Problems with Solutions38:30 Tech Challenges in Church Services40:30 The Role of Volunteers in Church Tech44:39 Balancing Volunteer and Staff Roles50:26 Budgeting for Church Tech Needs56:39 The Importance of Backup Plans01:01:22 The Value of Philo Conference01:06:26 Philo Conference Highlights and Future Plans01:15:15 Closing Thoughts and Contact Information

POUR COMMANDER MON LIVRE : Sur Amazon : https://amzn.to/3ZMm4CY Sur Fnac.com : https://tidd.ly/4dWJZ8OÀ l'occasion de la sortie de mon livre, j'ai été invité par Louise Aubery pour un entretien sur son podcast « InPower ». Nous y avons parlé de mon parcours, de ma vision de la philosophie, du bonheur, de l'amour et de nombreux autres sujets.▶️ Pour écouter l'entretien dans son intégralité, c'est ici : ⁠https://youtu.be/cHZ39NVX7Bk---Envie d'aller plus loin ? Rejoignez-moi sur Patreon pour accéder à tout mon contenu supplémentaire.

Jaleel White — forever beloved as Steve Urkel — is back as host of the hit game show Flip Side, returning for its second season September 8 on Game Show Network and streaming on Philo and The Roku Channel. His memoir, Growing Up Urkel, is out now.Johnny Joey Jones is a retired U.S. Marine Corps Staff Sergeant and bomb technician. He is now a Fox News contributor providing military analysis. His book, Beyond the Badge, is available now.IN THE NEWS: Drake addressing plastic surgery rumors, Gen Z's reliance on parents for job help, and Malcolm Gladwell's regret over supporting trans athletes in women's sports.Get it on.FOR MORE WITH JALEEL WHITE:GAME SHOW: Flip Side Season 2 airs TODAY on the GAME SHOW NETWORKMEMOIR: Growing Up Urkel Available NOWINSTAGRAM: @jaleelwhiteFOR MORE WITH JOHNNY JOEY JONES:BOOK: Beyond the Badge Available NOWINSTAGRAM & TWITTER: @johnny_joeyFOR MORE WITH JASON “MAYHEM” MILLER: INSTAGRAM & TWITTER: @mayhemmillerWEBSITE: www.mayhemnow.com Thank you for supporting our sponsors:BetOnlineChime.com/ADAMHomes.comToday, get Huel for FIFTEEN PERCENT OFF with this exclusive offer for New Customers only with code adam15 at https://huel.com/adam15 (Minimum $75 purchase).oreillyauto.com/ADAMPluto.tvSIMPLISAFE.COM/ADAMLIVE SHOWS: September 6 - Charlotte, NCSeptember 12-13 - El Paso, TX (4 Shows)See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Hello classmates!Briauna stops by the show, Pete challenges his queen, and apparently Spielberg is chopped liver!Visit the YouTube channel Saturdays @ 12:30 PM Pacific to get in on the live stream, or just watch this episode rather than just listen!Channel:https://www.youtube.com/@middleclassfilmclassThis Episode:https://youtu.be/SwjeosxhqeYhttp://www.MCFCpodcast.comhttps://www.twitch.tv/MCFCpodcasthttp://www.facebook.com/MCFCpodcasthttp://www.twitter.com/podcastMCFChttp://www.tiktok.com/middleclassfilmclasshttp://www.instagram.com/middleclassfilmclassEmail: MCFCpodcast@gmail.comLeave us a voicemail at (209) 283-1716Merch store - https://middle-class-film-class.creator-spring.com/Join the Patreon:www.patreon.con/middleclassfilmclassPatrons:JavierJoel ShinnemanLinda McCalisterHeather Sachs https://twitter.com/DorkOfAllDorksChris GeigerDylanMitch Burns Robert Stewart JasonAndrew Martin Dallas Terry Jack Fitzpatrick Mackenzie MinerBinge Daddy DanAngry Otter (Michael)Trip AffleckJoseph Navarro     Pete Abeytaand Tyler NoeStreaming Picks:Streaming Picks: Woyzeck - Kanopy, Philo, Shout, Plex. FandorWhere the Green Ants Dream - Fubo, Roku, Kanopy, Philo, Fandor, PlexBallad of the Little Soldier - Kanopy, Fandor, Shout, Plex, ShoutFitzcarraldo - Prime Video, Fubo, Roku, Kanopy, Philo, Shout, PlexThe Smallest Show on Earth - MometuThe Bad Guys 2 - $20 rental on VODThe Phoenician Scheme - PeacockBodied - Prime Video, Roku, Kanopy, YouTube TV

Chaque semaine, je sélectionne et décrypte les 5 infos les plus importantes en matière d'environnement, de climat et de biodiversité, en France et dans le monde._______

Chaque semaine, je sélectionne et décrypte les 5 infos les plus importantes en matière d'environnement, de climat et de biodiversité, en France et dans le monde._______

Chaque semaine, je sélectionne et décrypte les 5 infos les plus importantes en matière d'environnement, de climat et de biodiversité, en France et dans le monde._______

Chaque semaine, je sélectionne et décrypte les 5 infos les plus importantes en matière d'environnement, de climat et de biodiversité, en France et dans le monde._______

Chaque semaine, je sélectionne et décrypte les 5 infos les plus importantes en matière d'environnement, de climat et de biodiversité, en France et dans le monde._______

Cette première série de la saison 7 de BSG est un entretien que j'ai enregistré en juillet 2025 avec Olivier Hamant. Ce chercheur extraordinaire m'a regonflé d'espoir, et d'inspiration pour continuer mes émissions, mon travail.Avec son concept de robustesse, il nous aide à ringardiser le culte suicidaire de la performance, qui fixe le cap de l'humanité depuis 12 000 ans, et qui nous mène droit dans le mur. Notre performance fait la guerre à la vie. Les apôtres de la performance veulent s'attaquer aux symptômes (climat) et restent aveugles aux causes (avidité sans limites dans un monde pourtant fini).Or dans un monde de plus en plus fluctuant, fini, abîmé, risqué, la solution n'est pas plus de performance ou d'optimisation (qui tendent à amplifier les turbulences), mais plus de robustesse afin d'encaisser les aléas et de maintenir le système stable, malgré les fluctuations.Pour cela, nous avons tout à apprendre du vivant, qui fait de la robustesse depuis quatre milliards d'années.Olivier propose rien de moins qu'un nouveau modèle de vie, individuelle et surtout collective. Il puise son inspiration dans le Vivant. Son harmonie et sa résilience résident dans la sous-optimalité, la lenteur, l'erreur, le raté, la mutation aléatoire, la redondance… tout le contraire de la performance !Sa théorie de la robustesse l'a rendu célèbre dans le monde entier, cette série va te faire comprendre pourquoi._______

Pourquoi la philosophie semble-t-elle réservée à une élite, alors qu'elle parle de questions que nous nous posons tous : le temps qui passe, la peur de l'échec, la quête de sens, le besoin d'être aimé ou reconnu ?Dans cet épisode d'InPower, je reçois Charles Robin, plus connu sous son pseudo : Le Précepteur. Son approche est simple : parler de philosophie de façon accessible, sans jargon, sans posture, et avec une exigence de clarté.On revient sur son parcours et ce qui l'a amené à créer sa chaîne youtube suivie aujourd'hui par plus d'un million de personne. On parle entre autres de ce que la philosophie nous apprend sur :Le déterminisme, et comment comprendre nos conditionnements sans s'y enfermer.Le bonheur, et pourquoi il n'est pas toujours là où on l'attend.L'ego et les débats, dans un monde où convaincre semble plus important que comprendre.L'importance de l'empathie intellectuelle, pour dépasser nos certitudes,Et de comment pratiquer la philosophie au quotidien, sans chercher à tout comprendre d'un coup. Un épisode à écouter pour apprendre à penser autrement, à cultiver plus de nuance, et à utiliser la philosophie comme une boussole dans un monde en mouvement perpétuel.Bonne écoute ! Livre recommandé : L'étranger d'Albert CamusInvité recommandé : Jean Dujardin______Pour découvrir les coulisses du podcast :https://www.instagram.com/inpowerpodcast/Pour suivre Charles Robin sur les réseaux :https://www.instagram.com/charles_precepteur/?hl=frEt pour suivre mes aventures au quotidien :https://www.instagram.com/louiseaubery/Si cet épisode t'as plu, celui-ci te plaira surement :https://shows.acast.com/inpower/episodes/la-philosophe-qui-a-revolutionne-lamour-voila-ce-qui-peut-ch Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Hello classmates!Pete makes AI his bitch, Ridley Scott shuns Jim Cameron, and Joseph gives us the best acting performances this century!!Visit the YouTube channel Saturdays @ 12:30 PM Pacific to get in on the live stream, or just watch this episode rather than just listen!Channel:https://www.youtube.com/@middleclassfilmclassThis Episode:https://youtu.be/Vi4HXPGHYXMhttp://www.MCFCpodcast.comhttps://www.twitch.tv/MCFCpodcasthttp://www.facebook.com/MCFCpodcasthttp://www.twitter.com/podcastMCFChttp://www.tiktok.com/middleclassfilmclasshttp://www.instagram.com/middleclassfilmclassEmail: MCFCpodcast@gmail.comLeave us a voicemail at (209) 283-1716Merch store - https://middle-class-film-class.creator-spring.com/Join the Patreon:www.patreon.con/middleclassfilmclassPatrons:JavierJoel ShinnemanLinda McCalisterHeather Sachs https://twitter.com/DorkOfAllDorksChris GeigerDylanMitch Burns Robert Stewart JasonAndrew Martin Dallas Terry Jack Fitzpatrick Mackenzie MinerBinge Daddy DanAngry Otter (Michael)Trip AffleckJoseph Navarro     Pete Abeytaand Tyler NoeStreaming Picks:Eenie Meenie - HuluFight Club - Hulu, DisneyAmerican History X - $4 rental on VODJuror #2 - HBO MaxMagic Spot - TubiGoon - Prime Video, Roku, Fubo, Hoopla, Philo, PlexReno 911: Miami - Prime Video, HuluLazy Susan - Prime Video, Fubo, Roku, Kanopy, Hoopla, Pluto, PlexAssassin's Creed - HBO MaxGodland - Kanopy, Criterion

durée : 00:03:57 - Philosophie - par : Thibaut de Saint-Maurice Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les autres épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France.

2 Hours and 23 MinutesPG-13Stormy Waters is a managing partner of a venture capital firm.Philo's Miscellany has a YouTube channel in which he reviews rare books.Philos and Stormy join Pete to discuss the concept of spiritual warfare, specifically from the teachings of the apostolic churches. They begin by talking about the recent shooting in Minnesota.Philo's YouTube ChannelStormy's Twitter AccountPete and Thomas777 'At the Movies'Support Pete on His WebsitePete's PatreonPete's SubstackPete's SubscribestarPete's GUMROADPete's VenmoPete's Buy Me a CoffeePete on FacebookPete on TwitterBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-pete-quinones-show--6071361/support.

In this episode, Paul Schatzkin joins Matt Beall to uncover theextraordinary but nearly forgotten legacies of Philo T.Farnsworth—the teenage genius who invented electronic television and later pursued controlled nuclear fusion—and T. Townsend Brown, the enigmatic physicist whose work onhigh-voltage capacitors and the Biefeld-Brown effectmay have unlocked the foundations of anti-gravity propulsion.From the sketch that gave birth to every TV screen on Earth toblack-budget experiments that could explain UFO/UAP sightings, this conversation dives deep into the intersection of science, secrecy, and speculation. Discover how corporate espionage, government cover-ups, and unrecognized breakthroughs may have changed historyforever. Follow Matt Beall Limitless: https://x.com/MattbLimitlesshttps://x.com/MBeallX https://www.tiktok.com/@mblimitless https://www.instagram.com/mattbealllimitless/ https://www.facebook.com/people/Matt-Beall-Limitless/61556879741320/ Listen Everywhere: Apple:https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/matt-beall-limitless/id1712917413  Rumble: https://rumble.com/c/c-6727221 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/c/MattBeallLimitless  Check Paul:https://x.com/driver49https://www.incorrigiblearts.com/ Links from the Episode:https://fusor.net/https://www.ttbrown.com/https://www.thomastownsendbrown.com/library.htm Timeline:00:00:00 - Introductions00:09:04 - Philo Creates TV00:38:59 - Philo's Journal00:41:45 - How are they connected?00:47:30 - Where does T. Brown's Story Begin?00:52:12 - Anti-Gravity Discovered?01:02:54 - Brown's Naval Service01:21:56 - Why was it Classified?01:37:30 - Farnsworth & Brown Connection?01:46:22 - Farnsworth Invited to Special Project02:09:49 - The Speculative World02:14:37 - Is Everything Connected?02:28:29 - Closing

Peter Leithart, James Bejon, Alastair Roberts, and Jeff Meyers discuss Hebrews 9:22-28. Timestamps: 0:00 – Platonic terms: Why Hebrews draws on the language of Philo and others. Distinction between heavenly and earthly realms, similar to Plato's “intelligible” and “sensible” realms.The realm of ideas/forms accessed by intellect vs. the sensible world below as a copy of the higher realm. 4:00 – Plato's Cave. 7:20 – What Platonic terms doesn't Hebrews use? How should we think about the relationship between various forms of Platonism and Hebrews? Is there overlap, and if so, how much? 10:00 – Does the heavenly realm need purification? Jesus destroys the Platonic divide between material and immaterial. 12:30 – Are Platonic terms used only for rhetorical or conceptual leverage? 15:30 – Jesus enters heaven as one who shared our flesh and blood. Human ascent, not intellectual ascent. 17:45 – Does stressing Platonic parallels offer any exegetical payoff? 20:30 – Today's text: Why does heaven need cleansing? 28:50 – Blood taken into the holy place: “strange” or “alien” blood. 35:00 – The purpose of Leviticus and how Jesus fulfills it. 36:20 – Hebrews 9:26. 38:00 – Jesus reaches the end of human history. 40:40 – A puzzling analogy: the “second appearance” of Christ in v. 28. Is there a preterist answer? _____ Check out the Audio Deacon Podcast www.audio-deacon.com/ GIVE TO THEOPOLIS! theopolisinstitute.com/give/ Get the Theopolis App! app.theopolisinstitute.com/menu Use Code "theopolitan" to get your first month free! Sign up for In Medias Res mailchi.mp/0b01d726f2fe/inmediasres

POUR COMMANDER MON LIVRE : Sur Amazon : https://amzn.to/3ZMm4CY Sur Fnac.com : https://tidd.ly/4dWJZ8OJe suis très fier de vous annoncer la sortie de mon livre "La Philosophie, c'est pour vous aussi !"Publié aux éditions Larousse, ce livre vous présente la pensée de vingt philosophes, dans un style concret et accessible.Pour commander le livre :

Cette série propose l'intégralité de l'interview de Marc Mortelmans, le créateur de BSG, publiée dans le numéro d'août 2025 du magazine Terre sauvage. Elle est menée par Liliane Roudière, qui est aussi la cofondatrice du média féministe Causette (2009-2024).Celui ou celle qui a la ref des 4 titres de cette série gagne un resto ou un livre au choix;)Ces titres reprennent les vertus symbolisées dans chaque griffe du collier de Rahan, le "fils des âges farouches" :1- Générosité2- Courage3- Tenacité4- Loyauté5- Sagesse6- IngénositéNB : Ce personnage a été créé en 1969 par Roger Lecureux et André Chéret, dans le premier numéro de Pif Gadget. Pour les puristes, le collier de ce Tarzan blond avait 5 griffes jusqu'à l'album "Les Fils de Rahan" en 2002. L'ingéniosité s'est ajoutée depuis._______

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTHThe movie kicks off with the clouds while the score plays....goosebumps.  Roger & his best friend and fellow foster kid JP are riding their bikes talking about heaven and where their name "foster" came from. Their foster mom, Maggie, greets them and tells Roger he has a guest. He runs inside and is excited to see his dad who is just lighting up a cig. They talk a little baseball, he puts out a cigerett on his jeans, and tells Roger he's heading up north and can't take him with him. He tells Roger he's signed a release paper. Roger asks his dad when they're gonna be a family again. He says when the Angels win the pennant. Unfortunately, the Angels are real bad. After a handful of errors, the Angel's manager George Knox gets in a literal fight with his pitcher. After the game, Knox goes to talk to the owner. He tells him that he can't win with this team. The owner tells him to wait it out, no one expects him to win here. That night, Roger prays that God helps the Angels win so that he can be with his dad. As he falls asleep, we see a little twinkle in a star. Could be anything.The next day, Roger and JP get to go to a game. During the game, Roger can't believe his eyes as the outfielder seems to get picked up by two guys in sparkling pajamas to make a catch. When he talks to JP about it, he doesn't know what he's talking about. Just looked like a good catch to me. Roger asks another guy. Same answer. Roger is like what the heck? Suddenly, this dude comes to sit next to him and says "I love when they come from above like that". He says his name is Al and no one can see or hear him except for Roger. And he tells Roger to keep his eyes out. He'll be in touch. Roger watches as the angels continue to do their thing and help the team win. After the game, JP learns he won a picture opportunity with Knox. He tells Roger to take his spot. Roger tells Knox that they won because there were angels helping them. He thinks the kid is crazy but he goes into the locker room and asks the players and they give him less than satisfying answers. He  goes to invite Roger to sit next to the dugout to let him know if he ends up seeing angels so he can plan accordingly. He tells Roger instead of calling him over, to do an angel signal. Knox begins to listen to him even when it doesn't make sense and they begin to win and win and win some more. They get to the top of the standings and are 1 game away from winning the division. Roger finds out he has to miss a game for a court apperance but he sends JP just in case. They end up losing and JP is so sad after the game that he blabs about the angels to a reporter who hates Knox. Roger's father permanently gives up custody of him which confuses Roger because the Angels are finally winning. When he gets home, Knox is there and he sticks around to cheer him up.  The news breaks about the angels and Roger comes clean to Maggie about his special ability. The owner calls Knox in and demands that he stand in front of the press and tell everyone that the story isn't true. Knox doesn't do that and all of the players support him so the owner keeps Knox on. It's the final game of the season and one of the angels show up to help the team. Al shows up and explains to Roger that championships have to be won of their own. Also, in lighter news, the pitcher Mel Clark is going to die in a couple months. Go team.The Angels end up fighting back and Clark goes out to pitch the final inning. He's really struggling.  So Knox goes to talk to him while Roger stands up to give the angel signal and the entire stadium joins. He's able to pull out the W with an amazing catch! After the game, Knox brings the kids home and tells them that he wants to adopt them. They're pumped. 

Watch on Philo! The movie kicks off with a boy named Julian telling us that he's going to tell us a story about someone named Hedwig. It's Christmas time but Julian isn't in the Christmas spirit. This is the first Christmas since his big sister, Juni, passed away. Julian goes for a swim in the pool and when he comes out for air, he sees a girl waving at him through the window. When he goes to leave, she's waiting for him. He introduces herself and tells him how impressed she is with his swimming. They walk through a Christmas market and she talks about how she absolutely loves Christmas. Julian says he doesn't care for Christmas and she just can't believe it. She gives him a hard time about that and he doesn't take it well. They argue and go their own ways but she runs after him before he gets too far and apologizes. She says she wants to be his friends and invites him to her house for cocoa and maybe seeing her house will give him the Christmas spirit. He walks away anyway.He gets home and it's just sadness. His little sister asks about where the advent candles are which makes their mom sad. Everyone is just sad.The next day, he's at the pool, hoping to see Hedwig again but she doesn't show. He remembered her address from when she told him the night before and tracks it down. It is as magical as she says it'd be and she's not done decorating yet - there's still decorations to add to the bathroom and the storage closet, obviously. She goes to grab and nail and Julian realizes these white ice skates begin to turn black as he gets closer. When she comes back, they go back to white. He's sure it's nothing.They drink some hot chocolate. We find out that Julian's birthday is Christmas eve.He tells her that there's just no Christmas in their house this year, it's too hard for his parents. She encourages him to be the example. So Julian goes homes, dusts off the advent candle set and lights 3 candles. His parents show up and smile at what he did. His sister says maybe if we light the 4th candle, Juni might be so happy that she'll come home for the holidays. The parents struggle with how to respond to that.The next day, Julian and Hedwig play in the snow, building a snow man, a snow sister, and enjoying the snow together.The next day, Julian brings Hedwig a gift - her very own swimsuit so that she can learn to swim. As they go to leave, this scary man walks up with keys to the house. Julian is confused and asks if she's scared that this scary man is walking around her house. She says she's not scared, not of that man.He teaches her to swim and she gets the hang of it until she gets to the deep end and begins to sink. Julian saves her. She says she's not sure she's ever going to be able to do it.Julian follows the old scary dude to this christmas card factory. He picks out a card and then asks him about why he was at the house. He yells at him and tells him to go.Julian and Hedwig go ice skating....well, Julian goes ice skating. Hedwig won't go on the ice. Afterwards, they drink hot chocolate and he tells her all about Juni.The next day, he tries to get her to open up. She won't do it. He tells her that he doesn't want to be her friend if she's not going to open up and she just vanishes.He goes to her house and it's dark. The old scary guy shows up. He tells her that he used to live there with his sister before she died. Her name...Hedwig. She died when they were kids when she fell through the ice. Julian tells him about his sister who died and they use her pictures to make a ton of Christmas cards.Julian hangs this Juni Christmas cards in his house and tells his parents he doesn't want to forget about her or act like nothings happened. He wants to remember her.He then runs to the cemetery to finds Hedwig's grave. He apologizes and she shows back up. He tells her that her brother thinks that she's sticking around because she's mad at him. She says thats not true. They decides it's time for her to go for good.He goes to grab her skates from the closet and they head off to the ice. She skates until the snow ghost comes down from the northern lights to take her away.The movie ends with Julian coming downstairs on his birthday to find his parents have decorated for Christmas. They go to a Christmas service where Julian sings and he goes outside to have a fun snowball fight with his friend. 

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTHWe in the woods with one half of the property brothers. Just kidding, it's Jason. We hear a gunshot. Turns out, they're just brainstorming their next mystery which turns out to be for Emilia's ex-fiancé, Franklin. Emilia wants to keep this purely professional and not use any personal information. She's not even sure she wants to go through with this. It might be too complicated. They decide to go through with it. Billionaire Franklin shows up with his new boo thang Ainsley. There are some other players including Jason and the Baroness who are undercover as characters. When they arrive, Franklin gives Emilia a note asking to meet. They all get to work on the game and turns out Ainsley is very very good at solving mysteries. She solves the mystery in the quickest time in Mystery Island history. Emilia thinks she cheated somehow. Apparently, Franklin's fund is interested in investing in Mystery Island. Emilia tells the Baroness she advises her not to take any money from Franklin.That night, Emilia meets up with Franklin. Franklin professes that he's still in love with her. Ainsley hears this and says I KNEW IT! The next day, Ainsley is found dead. UH OH! They find 100 grand in a suitcase in Simmons room, one of the employees of Mystery Island, that show that she paid for the answers to the mystery. I guess to prove that she was smarter then Emilia. Sudenly, he's missing. Theres a lot of moving part here - secret crushes, secret plans to lure people away, it's a whole thing. Turns out it was Viveca, this women who claimed she was secretly in love with Franklin but was more in love with money. She wanted to take over the company. She caves pretty quickly. yay for them. 

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTHThe episodes kicks off showcasing that Amanda, who lost her light while married to Frank Jr, found it while hooking up with Sergio. Cut back to the premiere and little Frankie runs out after seeing her mom kissing Sergio. She goes after her but Frankie doesn't wanna talk. The next day, Mae shows up to comfort her. Shawna stops by and agrees to go by Mr. Chicken to spy on Frank Jr. At Mr Chicken, his boss comes by and is disappointed to see Frank Jr is showing emotions. Gus calls Amanda to check on her like a real mom would. After that, Frankie comes down and yells at her mom and storms out. Sabrina finds out that Mae's wedding is barely planned and Sabrina can't believe it. Mae never thought she'd get married. So Sabrina agrees to help her out. Nancy goes to talk to Pastor boyfriend and he tells her he doesn't think her not telling about the kiss she saw was wrong. He also has something to ask her and Mae says she doesn't think she can get married right now. He says I was just gonna ask you to go in a trip with me. After realizing she has all the help she needs, she says yes. Frank Jr sees Sergio and gives him a piece of his mind. Sergio says he made a mistake and he's not proud of it. Shawna shows up and Gus tells her that people keep calling and asking for a caesar salad. Shawna explain she's gone viral for a video of her saying “if I wanna be famous, I'd cut my hair and start eating caeser salad”. Gus doesn't understand why it's funny and feels like people are making fun of her and that makes her sad. Frank Jr walks into Amanda and says that he knows he's not the perfect person but he didn't deserve that. Amanda says she's sorry. Frank Jr says don't hold your breath for those divorce papers. Shawna tells Gus she knows what to do about the salad thing. Gus says she's go for it. Frank Jr finds his mom Nancy and tells her off.Back at home, Gus comforts her while wearing a dress. Shawna tells them it's for the gram. Turns out, the idea is just to have her eat a salad. Sergio gets a text from “do not answer” and goes to talk. Amanda tracks her daughter down and tries to tell her she can't skip school cuz she's embarrassed and Frankie point out that she's dressed like she's in witness protection. Nancy goes to apologize to Frank Jr and says she's willing to forgive him for all the rotten things he's done if he forgives her. He says I'm sorry….I'm not ready….and then goes into his apartment to eat some Chicken Sisters chicken. Frankie and Amanda have a heart to heart and it's real good. The episode stops with a hunk of a man walking in. His name is Clayton, he was the star QB, he's Mae's dad and he calls Gus “Gussy”. 

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTHCora is dreaming of olden times with Liam. She wakes up and is in the hospital room. She tells her dad and Suzette about what she remembers. Agon is at a bar and Bael comes to sit down next to him. He lights his drink on fire, tells him he's just here to give the humans a choice. This Bael is up to no good. He then goes and talks Suzette. He tells her that her job isn't done yet. He knows that she's developing a little crush on Finn. Use that. Cora gets home and is surprised to see Liam. When she walks inside, she sees a ton of flowers all left by Liam.Finn is at Suzette's coffee shop. They talk about the unmistakable bond that Liam and Cora seem to have as the sparks begin to fly between the two of them.Cora comes back to work and she and Liam are working on the case. Guess who is the lawyer for Magnus? It's Bael. And he's real good. After the meeting, Bael tells Liam there's always another side if he's interested. Liam wants to tap Magnus's phone but that's not exactly legal. That's not gonna stop Liam. Cora invites Liam over for some Italian food and wine. Naturally it ends with him pulling her chair towards her and they end up kissinggggggg. He asks Suzette to help him clone Magnus's phone which she does and when Cora finds out about this, she's very upset. She keeps having dreams about Liam from the good ol' days and finally confronts him about it. and he just comes clean. Limbo. Angels. Reincarnation. All of it. And he tells her that her destiny only happens with Finn. Meanwhile, Finn shoots his shot with Suzette and asks her out on a date to Seattle. They're about to kiss but she gets a text that the cloned phone got a message. They do end up kissing before he leaves. The text was obviously meant for Magnus to meet in the state park in 10 minutes.When Liam and Cora get there, Magnus is dead and Finn is no where to be found. She's concerned about him but gets a text that he's gone ahead to Seattle. Will be back in a couple weeks for his stuff. Cora thinks it's suspicious. They go to check on him but he's gone. Agon shows up and finds out that Cora knows. Liam asks for just a little more time to find Finn. They go to talk to Suzette and she comes clean that she's been working with the other side in hopes of getting a clean slate. But she says she's starting to care for Finn. Long story short - Chief Boyd is a baddie.  They find him smuggling some stuff from this mine where they also find Finn. Chief Boyd tries to shoot Finn but Liam jumps in front of the bullet. Brendan Penny shows up and he announces that it's clear these two can change. Let them pick their own soul mates. Liam and Cora celebrate by kissing.Fast forward 1 year, her non profit is expanding. Cora nad Liam are married. Finn and Suzette are together. Cora and Liam kisssss some more. 

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTHThe movie kicks off and it feels a lot more zany then the other two. Cut to Eden Hall - the ducks are all getting full ride athletic scholarships to be the JV hockey team at Eden Hall. But it's not all fun and games...Bombay tells Charlie that he's not going to be their coach. Charlie is mad. But at least he still has the Ducks. Charlie and the rest of the Ducks show up the first day and make quite the entrance. They get to their happy place - the ice - and immediately begin to play lasso just like the good ol' days. Suddenly, former NHL player Ted Orion comes skating up. He's the new coach. And he is very strict and no one hates him more than Charlie. The Ducks struggle to fit in at this school and are constantly bullied by the Varsity team who Coach Orion warned them not to mess with until they play at the JV Variety showdown. Coach tells Charlie that he's not the captain, moves the players to different positions, starts Julie the Cat over Goldberg, and moves Banks to Varsity. Charlie takes a liking to this girl named Linda and invites her to their first game, which she comes to. It's time for the first game and they absolutely dominate through 2 periods thanks to all of their silly gimmicks. 3rd period begins and they just forget how to play. They give up a ton of goals after not playing playing any defense. They give up 9 goals in one period and the game ends in a tie. Coach is mad. Charlie threatens to quit. And the varsity team puts their clothes in the shower. This leads to a full on prank war. Frozen jackets. Massive dinner bills. Full mission impossible stuff. This leads to an unsanctioned JV vs Varsity game that gets broken up by Orion. He tells them to take off their Duck jerseys. Charlie & Fulton refuse and quit. After a day of tomfoolery, Fulton decides to return to Eden Hall and Charlie is very sad. To make matters worse, Hans passes away. Bombay shows up late to the funeral. Bombay wakes Charlie up out of a slumber and tells him he's got some stuff to show him. They show up at Eden Hall and Charlie tells him that Orion's career ended when the team moved to Dallas and he stayed to care for his paraplegic daughter. Bombay tells Charlie the background story on how he first came to coach the Ducks and says he told Orion that Charlie was the heart and soul of the team, and he hoped that both Orion and Charlie would learn something from each other. The next day, Charlie shows up and tells Orion that he is ready to play two wake hockey. He's happy to have Charlie back. But the Dean shows up before they leave and tells them they're all losing their scholarships.Luckily, Bombay is still a lawyer and comes into a board meeting and threatens to sue them unless they reinstate their scholarships which the board agrees to. The Varsity team comes over and tells them they're going down at the JV/Varsity game, agree that if the JV wins, they become the Ducks, and they get Banks back too for the game. It's time. The JV/Varsity game and Orion brings back the Duck jerseys.Throughout the game, the Varsity dominates on offense. However, the Ducks play good defense and manage to keep the game scoreless after two periods. During the second intermission, Portman shows up ready to join the team. He immediately gets ejected. It all comes down to Charlie passing it back to Goldberg at the last second who scores. The ducks win 1-0!They all celebrate and Charlie sees that Bombay was in the stands this whole time. The Eden Hall banner with the Ducks' logo drops down & Bombay then departs the rink with a smile amid a sea of cheering fans.

Hello classmates!Joseph brings a game to the show, Pete moves into the local theater, and Quentin Tarantino abandons his final movie Visit the YouTube channel Saturdays @ 12:30 PM Pacific to get in on the live stream, or just watch this episode rather than just listen!Channel:https://www.youtube.com/@middleclassfilmclassThis Episode:https://youtu.be/cmQSPcWvUykhttp://www.MCFCpodcast.comhttps://www.twitch.tv/MCFCpodcasthttp://www.facebook.com/MCFCpodcasthttp://www.twitter.com/podcastMCFChttp://www.tiktok.com/middleclassfilmclasshttp://www.instagram.com/middleclassfilmclassEmail: MCFCpodcast@gmail.comLeave us a voicemail at (209) 283-1716Merch store - https://middle-class-film-class.creator-spring.com/Join the Patreon:www.patreon.con/middleclassfilmclassPatrons:JavierJoel ShinnemanLinda McCalisterHeather Sachs https://twitter.com/DorkOfAllDorksChris GeigerDylanMitch Burns Robert Stewart JasonAndrew Martin Dallas Terry Jack Fitzpatrick Mackenzie MinerBinge Daddy DanAngry Otter (Michael)Trip AffleckJoseph Navarro     Pete Abeytaand Tyler NoeStreaming Picks:Clown in a Cornfield - Shudder, PhiloHeart of Glass - Roku, Kanopy, Plex, Shout, Fandor, Philo, Stroszek - Roku, Kanopy, Plex, Shout, Fandor, Philo, Bring Her Back - $10 rental on VOD28 Years Later - $20 rental on VODGodland - Kanopy, Criterion Dressed to Kill - Prime Video, Roku, HooplaExhibiting Forgiveness - HuluNight Train - Prime Video, Hulu, Roku, Hoopla. Set it Off - Paramount, FuboLate Night with The Devil - Hulu, Kanopy, Philo, ShudderLittle New York (Staten Island) - Prime Video

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTHWe're in Lagos. There's no snow on the ground despite the fact that it's Christmastime. We meet Fiyin who is excited about the holidays. Why? Because this is the year that she tells her best friend, Elo, that she loves him! It's time! Spoiler alert, it's not time...for them. Elo tells Fiyin that he is proposing to his girlfriend he's been dating for 8 months that I guess Fiyin didn't know about. Fiyin wastes no time hatching a plan to ruin his relationship with her. We also be Fiyin mom, Gbemi. She literally bumps into her ex, Zach. He's a hot shot deal maker who begins to shoot his shot relentlessly despite the fact that she has a man friend- Toye. They all go to this birthday party and Filo's cousin, Ivie, meets this guitarist named Ajani. The sparks are flying and they agree to go out sometime. At this party, Zach and Gbeni end up kissssinggggggg. UH OH!!!We meet Elo's girlfriend and she's phenomenal. She basically brought the covid vaccine to Nigeria. She's a hero. IS that gonna stop Fiyin? Nah. Zach keeps shooting his shot, bringing a bunch of gifts to Gbeni. She finally comes clean and is like Zach is my ex-fiance. He is like I love you and want to be with you but you should take some space.Ivie and Ajani go out on a date and it's clear that they're from very different lifestyles but it works for them. There is this side storyline for Elo where his mom doesn't want to celebrate Christmas because it doesn't feel the same without Elo's sister who was killed a few years ago. Ultimately, she comes around to it and surprises Elo by decorating the house. Gbeni tells Toye that she wants to spend the rest of her life with him and they decide to get married on Christmas.After the wedding, Fiyin decides to shoot her shot, tell Elo how she feels, and kiss him. Obviously his girlfriend sees them. He tells Fiyin that she's so selfish. She realizes she goofed so she goes to make it right and they end up making it right. And Ivie tells Ajani to visit her in London sometime. 

When a third-generation Conservative rabbi leaves the Rabbinical Assembly for officiating interfaith marriages, it sparks a national conversation. Rabbi Ari Yehuda Saks joins us to unpack why he made this choice, the halakhic and sociological debates around marrying outside the faith, and what it means for Jewish identity in a post-denominational world.JTA Article: “Third-generation Conservative rabbi resigns from movement after facing punishment for performing intermarriages”https://www.jta.org/2025/08/11/united-states/third-generation-conservative-rabbi-resigns-from-movement-after-facing-punishment-for-performing-intermarriagesWe discuss the myths of interfaith marriage, raising Jewish children in multi-faith homes, navigating patrilineal vs. matrilineal descent, and whether pluralism can strengthen or dilute Jewish life. This episode is essential listening for anyone interested in Jewish inclusion, tradition, and change.Chapters:0:00 – Introduction & why this story went viral1:05 – Rabbi Ari's family background in Conservative Judaism2:24 – The call to work with interfaith families3:16 – Two approaches to intermarriage in the non-Orthodox world4:53 – Is there a benefit for Jews to marry Jews?6:09 – Queen Esther, chance encounters, and finding meaning in relationships8:13 – College campuses, pluralism, and American Jewish reality10:26 – The “is” vs. “ought” argument in sociology & ethics13:24 – Personal stories shaping Ari's views15:21 – Marriage as a type of “intermarriage” and core values16:03 – Raising kids in interfaith homes – opportunity vs. confusion19:00 – Theological differences: when faiths diverge fundamentally21:17 – Lessons from teaching interfaith children24:01 – Six myths of “interfaithing”27:16 – Rabbinic sources on Jews living among other nations29:55 – Tradition vs. assimilation: setting limits32:03 – Rock climbing analogy: stability before flexibility35:03 – Guiding young adults vs. officiating for established couples36:04 – The patrilineal/matrilineal divide and identity struggles on campus39:22 – Historical caution: Philo of Alexandria on intermarriage41:12 – Halakhic fear vs. openness in relationships43:07 – Ari's grandfather on interdenominational unity45:00 – Why officiating intermarriage requires rethinking patrilineal descent47:23 – Final reflections: inclusivity and realistic expectations#interfaith #jewishhistory #conservative , #interfaithwedding patrilineal descent, matrilineal descent, Jewish inclusion, Jewish community, pluralism in Judaism, halakhic debate, Jewish tradition and change, Rabbi Ari Lavine, Rabbinical Assembly resignation, Jewish controversy, Jewish podcastNotes & Links:Season 1 of Interfaithing – “Debunking the Myths”https://www.patreon.com/collection/1663981Emergency Pod reacting to the buzz from the JTA article:https://www.patreon.com/posts/emergency-pod-to-136322351Jewish History, Politics, Israel, Antisemitism, and Zionism - I cover it all.Politics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6QupJZ1HLY&list=PLQ3aQmFcYiCqqL-GSNw6NhSZWOvzaDdIKJewish History: https://youtu.be/1u4jHoZ8stM?si=0jZP4uhXlVEg2NOTAntisemitism: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RCgnEZ1d24Q&list=PLQ3aQmFcYiCqkU_aPIJGbE1xTKEbkh8euFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/daniel.levine.31/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/rabbidaniellevine/#Israel #Rabbi #Jewish #WhatisZionism #DoJews?

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTHRead Patrick's synopsis - LifetimeUncorked.comBased on the book by Terri Blackstock. Casey Cox's DNA is all over a crime scene, but she doesn't fit the profile of a killer. The truth doesn't matter, and she has to flee. 

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTHWe're 1 day away from the premiere of Kitchen Clash and everyone is excited!Nancy is caring for Gus despite the fact that Gus doesn't want to be cared for. Nancy is also suspecting that her boyfriend is about to propose. Gus like this idea because that would mean Nancy would leave her alone. Amanda bring Sergio coffee but just as friends.  They're totally normal, non romantic friend. Jay, remember Jay? Mae's fiancé. They're talking about the wedding and he asks about Mae's father and she wonders if maybe Farmer Jarvis could be her dad. Shawna encourages Amanda to date again but Amanda isn't sure about that especially since Frank Jr hasn't signed the divorce papers yet. Everyone is nervous about the show and so Mae is like it's gonna be a win for us because everyone is gonna come to our restaurant. Amanda knows she's just BSing them.Over at Mr. Chicken's, Frank Jr. is clearly in over his head when it comes to the paperwork. He needs Amanda's help. Farmer Jarvis stops by the restaurant, and Mae goes to ask some questions to see if he may be her father. They both like green beans, so that's clear as crystal.Mae visits Gus and asks again about her dad. Gus isn't having it but insists it isn't Jarvis. Frank Jr. shows up at Amanda's house asking to join the premiere gathering. She agrees—only if he brings the signed divorce papers. He says okay but then proceeds to forget the divorce papers the next day.Alone, Gus pulls out Mae's baby box, filled with keepsakes and photos, including one of Mae's father. She makes a call to someone.Premiere day arrives. Sabrina shows up at Amanda's door looking for her daughter who showed up a couple days ago. Sabrina agrees to stay in town until the wedding. As everyone gathers at the Chicken Sisters' for the big night. Sabrina drops a bomb to Mae: the network might be using hidden camera footage for the show.The premiere kicks off and immediately jumps to the Hidden camera footage of Amanda and Sergio kissing which shocks everyone and causes Frank Jr to throw something at the TV and storm out. 

3 Hours and 21 MinutesPG-13Episode 835: Reading Edward L. Bernays 'The Engineering of Consent' w/ Buck JohnsonEpisode 1175: The Life and Work of Edward L. Bernays w/ Philo's MiscellanyPhilo's YouTube ChannelCounterflow PodcastPete and Thomas777 'At the Movies'Support Pete on His WebsitePete's PatreonPete's SubstackPete's SubscribestarPete's GUMROADPete's VenmoPete's Buy Me a CoffeePete on FacebookPete on Twitter

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTHCora is working hard with her bulletin board. Liam shows up with coffee and Cora is clearly annoyed with him. Obviously he did not agree with her to see if there was anything between them. Back in angel land, we find out that Gabriel has taken an interest in this case. He warns them to make sure Liam does what he's supposed to do. Angel Agon sits down to watch some more 1800's Liam and Cora lore and he's loving it.Back in present day, they all go out to a bar and it's a whole thing. A bad boy named Magnus shows up. He's an ex-cop and he starts hitting on Cora and she isn't upset about it. So Agon comes to talk to Liam and he's like all of this would be so much easier if I didn't wince every time Cora shakes my hand. While they're talking, Cora's best friend Suzette comes out and sees Agon poof away. She freaks out and Liam comes clean about angels and that he's here on an important mission. The next day, Liam discovers that the shock is gone which he immediately celebrates by hugging Cora and staring madly into his love. Agon shows back up to talk to Liam and finds out about Suzette. He convinces Agon that this is good, Suzette can help with the mission and he agrees. Cora begins to work with DA Finn on a case to try to get information from one of his clients. This dude doesn't wanna talk to Cora becasue she's a cop. So he talks to Finn in private. Next thing you know, Finn is in a seedy bar playing billiards and Cora is not pleased by this because she thinks Finn is doing that guy a favor. So she leaves with Magnus who also happens to show up. While in the car, he gets a call from someone named Edith. He acts weird which she finds suspicious. Agon is doing research to figure out with Magnus is sent by Bael from the other side but turns out he's just a bad guy who was being investigated as a cop and decided to just quit. She begins to suspect that Magnus is in deep with bad people and maybe is connected to Meredith from the last special event. So she offers to come to his place. While that's happening, Liam and Finn are hanging out for some bro time and he's like there's nothing between me and Cora, you should go for it brother. They figure out that she's at Magnus's house and they rush to get there.Magnus pulls a gun on Cora after she discovers a bag of money under his bed. She runs out of the house and Magnus gets into a fight with her and ends up hitting her with an oar that sends her into the water. Finn and Liam get there just in time for Finn to take down Magnus & Liam jumps into the water to save Cora. She is unconcious but comes to and her and Liam kiss big onessssss as Finn looks on in sadness. She's in the hospital and both Finn and Liam show up to check on her. Liam tells Suzette that he kissed her. Suzette then goes outside and tells Bael CUZ SHE'S A BADDIE!!! I literally screamed. Liam is pulled into a room by Agon and is told that the reason that Cora has to end up with Finn is to start a 501c3 and she needs a good guy by her side or that non-profit won't be formed. So he goes and tells Finn that she's all his. He looks at her one last time and walks away. Fade to white. 

How should we understand the words, “in him all things were created” in Col 1.16? Although commonly taken to mean Christ created the universe, this view has contextual, structural, and exegetical problems. In what follows I’ll name six problems with old-creation readings before laying out why a new creation approach makes sense. I presented this talk at the 2025 Unitarian Christian Alliance (UCA) conference in Uxbridge, England. Scroll down to see the full-length paper. For those listening to the audio, here’s a quick reference to Colossians 1.15-20 Strophe 1 (Col 1.15-18a) 15a      who is (the) image of the invisible God, 15b      firstborn of all creation 16a      for in him were created all things 16b                  in the heavens and upon the earth, 16c                  the visible and the invisible, 16d                  whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities 16e      all things have been created through him and for him 17a      and he is before all things 17b      and all things hold together in him 18a      and he is the head of the body of the Church,[12] Strophe 2 (Col 1.18b-20) 18b      who is (the) beginning, 18c      firstborn from the dead, 18d                  in order that he may be first in all things, 19        for in him was pleased all the fulness to dwell 20a      and through him to reconcile all things in him, 20b      making peace through the blood of his cross 20c                  whether the things upon the earth 20d                  or the things in the heavens Here’s Randy Leedy’s New Testament Diagram Here are the slides in the original PowerPoint format Download [13.82 MB] Here are the slides converted to PDF Loading... Taking too long? Reload document | Open in new tab Download [3.16 MB] To read the paper, simply scroll down or read it on Academia.edu.   Listen on Spotify   Listen on Apple Podcasts —— Links —— Check out these other papers by Sean Finnegan Support Restitutio by donating here Join our Restitutio Facebook Group and follow Finnegan on X @RestitutioSF Leave a voice message via SpeakPipe with questions or comments and we may play it out on the air Who is Sean Finnegan?  Read his bio here Get Finnegan’s book, Kingdom Journey to learn about God’s kingdom coming on earth as well as the story of how Christianity lost this pearl of great price. Get the transcript of this episode Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library. Below is the paper presented on July 25, 2025 in Uxbridge, England at the 2nd annual UCA UK Conference. Access this paper on Academia.edu to get the pdf. Full text is below, including bibliography and end notes. Colossians 1.16: Old Creation or New Creation? by Sean P. Finnegan Abstract  How should we understand the words, “in him all things were created” in Col 1.16? Although commonly taken to mean Christ created the universe, this view has contextual, structural, and exegetical problems. In what follows, I will explain the difficulties with the various old creation readings of Col 1.16 along with five reasons for a new creation approach. Then I'll provide a new creation reading of Col 1.16 before summarizing my findings in the conclusion. Introduction  Colossians 1.15-20 is a fascinating text of great importance for Christology. Commonly understood to be a hymn, it is fascinating in its cosmic scope and elevated Christology. Although many commentators interpret Paul[1] to say that Christ created the universe in his pre-existent state in Col 1.16, not all scholars see it that way. For example, Edward Schillebeeckx writes, “There is no mention in this text of pre-existence in the Trinitarian sense.”[2] Rather he sees “an eschatological pre-existence, characteristic of wisdom and apocalyptic.”[3] G. B. Caird agreed that Paul's focus in Col. 1.15-20 was not pre-existence (contra Lightfoot), rather, “The main thread of Paul's thought, then, is the manhood of Christ.”[4] In other words, “All that has been said in vv. 15-18 can be said of the historical Jesus.”[5] James Dunn also denied that Paul saw Christ as God's agent in creation in Col 1.15-20, claiming that such an interpretation was “to read imaginative metaphor in a pedantically literal way.”[6] James McGrath argued that “Jesus is the one through whom God's new creation takes place.” [7] Andrew Perriman likewise noted, “There is no reference to the creation of heaven and earth, light and darkness, sea and dry land, lights in the heavens, vegetation, or living creatures,”[8] also preferring a new creation approach.[9] To understand why such a broad range of scholars diverge from the old creation interpretation of Col 1.16, we will examine several contextual, structural, and exegetical problems. While explaining these, I'll also put forward four reasons to interpret Col 1.16 as new creation. Then I'll provide a fifth before giving a new creation reading of Col 1.15-20. But before going any further, let's familiarize ourselves with the text and structure. The Form of Col 1.15-20  To get our bearings, let me begin by providing a translation,[10] carefully structured to show the two strophes.[11] Strophe 1 (Col 1.15-18a) 15a      who is (the) image of the invisible God, 15b      firstborn of all creation 16a      for in him were created all things 16b                  in the heavens and upon the earth, 16c                  the visible and the invisible, 16d                  whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities 16e      all things have been created through him and for him 17a      and he is before all things 17b      and all things hold together in him 18a      and he is the head of the body of the Church,[12] Strophe 2 (Col 1.18b-20) 18b      who is (the) beginning, 18c      firstborn from the dead, 18d                  in order that he may be first in all things, 19        for in him was pleased all the fulness to dwell 20a      and through him to reconcile all things in him, 20b      making peace through the blood of his cross 20c                  whether the things upon the earth 20d                  or the things in the heavens Here I've followed the two-strophe structure (1.15-18a and 18b-20) noted more than a century ago by the classical philologist Eduard Norden[13] and repeated by James Robinson,[14] Edward Lohse,[15] Edward Schweizer,[16] James Dunn,[17] Ben Witherington III,[18] and William Lane[19] among others. By lining up the parallel lines of the two strophes, we can clearly see the poetic form. Strophe 1 15a who is (the) image… 15b firstborn of all creation 16a for in him were created all things… 16e  all things have been created through him… Strophe 2 18b who is (the) beginning, 18c firstborn from the dead … 19 for in him was pleased all… 20a and through him to reconcile all things in him… Such striking repeated language between the two strophes means that we should be careful to maintain the parallels between them and not take a grammatical or exegetical position on a word or phrase that would disconnect it from the parallel line in the other strophe. Some scholars, including F. F. Bruce,[20] Michael Bird,[21] David Pao,[22] among others proposed vv. 17-18a as an independent transitional link between the two strophes. Lohse explained the motivation for this unlikely innovation as follows. Above all, it is curious that at the end of the first, cosmologically oriented strophe, Christ is suddenly referred to as the “head of the body, the church” (1:18a κεφαλή τοῦ σώματος τῆς ἐκκλησίας). Considering its content, this statement would have to be connected with the second strophe which is characterized by soteriological statements. The structure of the hymn, however, places it in the first strophe.[23] For interpreters who prefer to think of the first strophe as cosmogony and the second as soteriology, a line about Christ's headship over the church doesn't fit very well. They restructure the form based on their interpretation of the content. Such a policy reverses the order of operations. One should determine the form and then interpret the content in light of structure. Lohse was right to reject the addition of a new transitional bridge between the two strophes. He called it “out of the question” since vv. 17-18a underscore “all things” and “serve as a summary that brings the first strophe to a conclusion.”[24] Now that we've oriented ourselves to some degree, let's consider old creation readings of Col 1.16 and the problems that arise when reading it that way. Old Creation Readings  Within the old creation paradigm for Col 1.16 we can discern three groups: those who see (A) Christ as the agent by whom God created, (B) Wisdom as the agent, and (C) Christ as the purpose of creation. Although space won't allow me to interact with each of these in detail, I will offer a brief critique of these three approaches. As a reminder, here is our text in both Greek and English. Colossians 1.16 16a      ὅτι ἐν αὐτῷ ἐκτίσθη τὰ πάντα 16b                  ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, 16c                  τὰ ὁρατὰ καὶ τὰ ἀόρατα, 16d                  εἴτε θρόνοι εἴτε κυριότητες εἴτε ἀρχαὶ εἴτε ἐξουσίαι· 16e      τὰ πάντα δι' αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰς αὐτὸν ἔκτισται· 16a      for in him were created all things 16b                  in the heavens and upon the earth, 16c                  the visible and the invisible, 16d                  whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities 16e      all things have been created through him and for him 1. Christ as the Agent of Creation Scot McKnight is representative in his claim that “The emphasis of the first stanza is Christ as the agent of creation … and the second is Christ as the agent of redemption.”[25] This view sees the phrase “in him were created all things” as Christ creating the universe in the beginning. However, this position has six problems with it. Firstly, the context of the poem—both before (vv. 13-14) and after (vv. 21-22)—is clearly soteriological not cosmogonical.[26] By inserting vv. 15-20 into the text after vv. 13-14, Paul connected the two together.[27] V. 15 begins with ὅς ἐστιν (who is), which makes it grammatically dependent on vv. 13-14. “It is widely accepted,” wrote Dunn, “that this passage is a pre-Pauline hymn interpolated and interpreted to greater or less extent by Paul.”[28] By placing the poem into a redemptive frame, Paul indicated how he interpreted it. The fact that God “rescued us from the authority of darkness and transferred (us) into the kingdom of his beloved son” is the controlling context (v. 13).[29] As I will show below, I believe vv. 15-20 are ecclesiology not protology, since ecclesiology naturally flows from soteriology. Rather than remaining in the old domain of darkness, vulnerable to malevolent spiritual powers of this age, Colossian Christians are transferred into the new domain of Christ. The context makes it more natural to interpret the creation language of vv. 15-16 in light of Christ's redemptive work—as references to new creation rather than old creation. Doing so retains the contextual frame rather than jumping back to the beginning of time. A second problem arises when we consider the phrase “image of the invisible God” in v. 15. Although some see a Stoic or Wisdom reference here, I agree with F. F. Bruce who said, “No reader conversant with the OT scriptures, on reading these words of Paul, could fail to be reminded of the statement in Gen. 1:26f., that man was created by God ‘in his own image.'”[30] Immediately after making humanity in his own image, God blessed us with dominion over the earth. Philo also connected humanity's image of God with “the rulership over the earthly realms.”[31] But if the Christ of v. 15 is the pre-existent son prior to his incarnation, as the old creation model posits, “How can he be the ‘image of God,'” asked Eduard Schweizer, since “the one who is thus described here is not the earthly Jesus?”[32] It is precisely by virtue of his humanity that Jesus is the image of God not his pre-existence.[33] Thus, image-of-God language points us to the creation of a new humanity. A third problem is that “firstborn of all creation” prima facia implies that Christ is a member of creation (a partitive genitive). This is how Paul thought about Christ as firstborn in Rom 8.29 when he called Christ “firstborn among many brothers and sisters.” Clearly he saw Christ as a member of the “ἀδελφοῖς” (brothers and sisters). Furthermore, “πρωτότοκος πάσης κτίσεως” (firstborn of all creation) in v. 15 parallels “πρωτότοκος ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν” (firstborn from the dead) v. 18. Although the former (v. 15) can be taken as a genitive of subordination (firstborn over creation) or as a partitive genitive (firstborn of creation), the latter (v. 18) is unambiguously partitive. Because v. 18 includes the word ἐκ (from/out of), instead of a multivalent genitive, it must mean that Jesus was himself a member of the dead prior to his resurrection. Likewise, he was the firstborn member of creation. To take v. 15 as a genitive of subordination and v. 18 in a partitive sense allows theology to drive exegesis over against the clear structural link between v. 15b and v. 18c. In fact, as the BDAG noted, Christ is “the firstborn of a new humanity.”[34] He is chronologically born first and, by virtue of that, also preeminent.[35] Fourthly, the phrase, “ἐν αὐτῷ” (in him), implies soteriology not protology as it does throughout the Pauline corpus. The prepositional phrases “in Christ,” “in the Lord,” “in him,” and others that are similar occur more than a hundred times in Paul's epistles. McKnight elucidated the sense nicely: “This expression, then, is the inaugurated eschatological reality into which the Christian has been placed, and it also evokes the new-creation realities that a person discovers.”[36] Creation in Christ is not likely to refer to Genesis creation. In fact, apart from Col 1.16, there is no text within Paul or the rest of the Bible that speaks of the origin of the universe as something created “in Christ.”[37] Sadly translators routinely obscure this fact by translating “ἐν αὐτῷ” as “by him.”[38] Amazingly, the NASB and ESV render “ἐν αὐτῷ” as “in him” in every other usage apart from Col 1.16![39] For the sake of consistency, it makes better sense to render “ἐν αὐτῷ” as “in him” and let the reader decide how to interpret it. Fifthly, the line, “and he is the head of the body, the Church” (v. 18a) clearly roots the first strophe in redemptive history not creation. Our English translations follow Robert Estienne's verse divisions, which confusingly combine the last line of the first strophe (v. 18a) and the first line of the second (v. 18b), obscuring the native poetic structure. As I made the case above, the structure of the text breaks into two strophes with v. 18a included in the first one. As I mentioned earlier, vv. 15-20 are a pre-existing poem that Paul has modified and incorporated into the text of Colossians. Ralph Martin pointed out that the poem contains “no less than five hapax legomena” and “about ten non-Pauline expressions.”[40] Additionally, there appear to be awkward additions that disrupt the symmetry. These additions are the most explicitly Christian material. It is likely that the original said, “and he is the head of the body” to which Paul appended “the church.” Edward Schillebeeckx commented on this. In Hellenistic terms this must primarily mean that he gives life and existence to the cosmos. Here, however, Colossians drastically corrects the ideas … The correction made by Colossians is to understand ‘body' as a reference to the church, and not the cosmos. This alters the whole perspective of the cultural and religious setting … The cosmic background is reinterpreted in terms of salvation history and ecclesiology. In fact Christ is already exercising his lordship over the world now … however, he is doing this only as the head of the church, his body, to which he gives life and strength. Thus Colossians claims that the church alone, rather than the cosmos, is the body of Christ.[41] If this is true, it shows Paul's careful concern to disallow a strictly old creation or protological reading of the first strophe. For by inserting “of the church,” he has limited the context of the first strophe to the Christ event. “The addition of ‘the church,'” wrote Dunn, “indicates that for Paul at any rate the two strophes were not dealing with two clearly distinct subjects (cosmology and soteriology).”[42] Karl-Joseph Kuschel wrote, “The answer would seem to be he wanted to ‘disturb' a possible cosmological-protological fancy in the confession of Christ … to prevent Christ from becoming a purely mythical heavenly being.”[43] Thus Paul's addition shows us he interpreted the creation of v16 as new creation. Lastly, theological concerns arise when taking Col 1.16 as old creation. The most obvious is that given the partitive genitive of v. 15, we are left affirming the so-called Arian position that God created Christ as the firstborn who, in turn, created everything else. Another thorn in the side of this view is God's insistence elsewhere to be the solo creator (Isa 44.24; cf. 45.18). On the strength of this fact, modalism comes forward to save the day while leaving new problems in its wake. However, recognizing Col 1.15-20 as new creation avoids such theological conundrums. 2. Wisdom as the Agent of Creation Dustin Smith noted, “The christological hymn contains no less than nine characteristics of the wisdom of God (e.g., “image,” “firstborn,” agent of creation, preceding all things, holding all things together) that are reapplied to the figure of Jesus.”[44] Some suggest that Col 1.15-20 is actually a hymn to Wisdom that Paul Christianized.[45] The idea is that God created the universe through his divine Wisdom, which is now embodied or incarnate in Christ. Dunn explained it as follows. If then Christ is what God's power/wisdom came to be recognized as, of Christ it can be said what was said first of wisdom—that ‘in him (the divine wisdom now embodied in Christ) were created all things.' In other words the language may be used here to indicate the continuity between God's creative power and Christ without the implication being intended that Christ himself was active in creation.[46] Before pointing out some problems, I must admit much of this perspective is quite noncontroversial. That Jewish literature identified Wisdom as God's creative agent, that there are linguistic parallels between Col 1.15-20 and Wisdom, and that the historical Jesus uniquely embodied Wisdom to an unprecedented degree are not up for debate. Did Paul expect his readers to pick up on the linguistic parallels? Afterall, he could have just said “in her were created all things” in v. 16, clearly making the connection with the grammatically feminine σοφία (Wisdom). Better yet, he could have said, “in Wisdom were created all things.” Even if the poem was originally to Wisdom, Paul has thoroughly Christianized it, applying to Christ what had been said of Wisdom. However, the most significant defeater for this view is that applying Wisdom vocabulary to Christ only works one way. Wisdom has found her home in Christ. This doesn't mean we can attribute to Christ what Wisdom did before she indwelt him any more than we can attribute to the living descendants of Nazis the horrific deeds of their ancestors. Perriman's critique is correct: “The point is not that the act of creation was Christlike, rather the reverse: recent events have been creation-like. The death and resurrection of Jesus are represented as the profoundly creative event in which the wisdom of God is again dynamically engaged, by which a new world order has come about.”[47] Once again a new creation approach makes better sense of the text. 3. Christ as the Purpose of Creation Another approach is to take ἐν αὐτῷ (in him) in a telic sense. Martha King, a linguist with SIL, said the phrase can mean “in association with Christ everything was created” or “in connection with Christ all things were created.”[48] Lexicographer, Joseph Thayer, sharpened the sense with the translation, “[I]n him resides the cause why all things were originally created.”[49] William MacDonald's translation brought this out even more with the phrase, “because for him everything … was created.”[50] The idea is that God's act of creation in the beginning was with Christ in view. As Eric Chang noted, “Christ is the reason God created all things.”[51] G. B. Caird said, “He is the embodiment of that purpose of God which underlies the whole creation.”[52] The idea is one of predestination not agency.[53] Christ was the goal for which God created all things. A weakness of this view is that purpose is better expressed using εἰς or δία with an accusative than ἐν. Secondly, the parallel line in the second strophe (v. 19) employs “ἐν αὐτῷ” in a clearly locative sense: “in him all the fullness was pleased to dwell.” So even though “ἐν αὐτῷ” could imply purpose, in this context it much more likely refers to location. Lastly, Paul mentioned the sense of purpose at the end of v. 16 with “εἰς αὐτὸν ἔκτισται” (for him has been created), so it would be repetitive to take “ἐν αὐτῷ” that way as well. To sum up, the three positions that see Col 1.16 as a reference to old creation all have significant problems. With these in mind, let us turn our attention to consider a fourth possibility: that Paul has in mind new creation. Reasons for a New Creation Reading I've already provided four reasons why Col 1.15-20 refers to new creation: (1) calling Christ the image of God points to the new humanity begun in Christ as the last Adam;[54] (2) since the firstborn of the old creation was Adam (or, perhaps, Seth), Jesus must be the firstborn of the new creation; (3) saying Jesus is the head of the church, limits the focus for the first strophe to the time following the Christ event; (4) the context of the poem, both before (vv. 13-14) and after (vv. 21-22) is soteriological, making an old creation paradigm awkward, while a new creation view fits perfectly. The Catholic priest and professor, Franz Zeilinger, summarized the situation nicely: “Christ is (through his resurrection from the realm of death) Lord over the possession granted to him, of which he is the ἀρχή (beginning) and archetype, … and head and beginning of the eschatological new creation!”[55] Additionally, a new creation paradigm fits best with Paul's elaboration of what visible and invisible things in heaven and on earth he has in mind. Once again, here's our text. 16a      for in him were created all things 16b                  in the heavens and upon the earth, 16c                  the visible and the invisible, 16d                  whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities 16e      all things have been created through him and for him By specifying thrones, dominions, rulers, and authorities, we discern Paul's train of thought. Form critics are quick to point out that v. 16d is Paul's addition to the poem. Without it, the reader may have thought of sky, land, and animals—old creation. However, with v. 16d present, we direct our attention to political realities not God's creative power or engineering genius. Martha King noted the two possible meanings for εἴτε: (1) specifying the “invisible things” or (2) giving examples of “all things.” Taking the second view, we read “in him were created all things, including thrones, dominions, rulers, and authorities.”[56] Randy Leedy also presented this position in his sentence diagrams, identifying v. 16d as equivalent to v. 16c and v. 16b, all of which modify τὰ πάντα (all things) at the end of v. 16a. (See Appendix for Leedy's diagram.) Perriman pressed home the point when he wrote: The fact is that any interpretation that takes verse 16 to be a reference to the original creation has to account for the narrow range of created things explicitly listed. … The Colossians verse mentions only the creation of political entities—thrones, lordships, rulers and authorities, visible and invisible—either in the already existing heaven or on the already existing and, presumably, populated earth. What this speaks of is a new governmental order consisting of both invisible-heavenly and visibly-earthly entities.”[57] Understanding v. 16d as equivalent to “all things” in v. 16a nicely coheres with a new-creation paradigm. However, taken the other way—as an elaboration of only the invisible created realities—v. 16d introduces an asymmetrical and clumsy appendix. A New Creation Reading of Col 1.16 Now that we've considered some problems with old creation views and some reasons to read Col 1.16 from a new creation perspective, let's consider how a new creation reading works. New creation is all about the new breaking into the old, the future into the present. G. F. Wessels said, “Paul made clear that there is a present realized aspect of salvation, as well as a future, still outstanding aspect, which will only be realized at the eschaton.”[58] New creation, likewise, has future and present realities. Exiting Old Creation Before becoming part of the new creation, one must exit the old creation. “Our old humanity was co-crucified“ (Rom 6.6). “With Christ you died to the elemental principles of the world” (Col 2.20). “As many as were baptized into Christ Jesus, were baptized into his death” (Rom 6.3). We were “co-buried with him through baptism into the death … having been united with the likeness of his death” (Rom 6.4-5). Our death with him through baptism kills our allegiance and submission to the old powers and the old way of life “in which you formerly walked according to the zeitgeist of this world, according to the rule of the authority of the air, the spirit which now works in the children of disobedience” (Eph 2.2). Entering New Creation As death is the only way out of the old creation, so resurrection is the only way into the new creation. “You have been co-raised with Christ” (Col 3.1). God “co-made-alive us together with him” (Col 2.13).[59] By virtue of our union with Christ, we ourselves are already “co-raised and co-seated us in the heavenlies in Christ Jesus” (Eph 2.6). The result of this is that “we also may walk in newness of life” (Rom 6.4). For those who are “in Christ, (there is) a new creation; the old has passed away, behold (the) new has come into existence” (2 Cor 5.17). “They have been ‘transported,'” wrote Schillebeeckx, “they already dwell above in Christ's heavenly sphere of influence (Col 1.13)—the soma Christou … that is the church!”[60] Community For the people of God, “neither circumcision is anything nor uncircumcision but a new creation” is what matters (Gal 6.15). Those who “are clothed with the new” are “being renewed in knowledge according to the image of him who created, where there is no Greek and Jew, circumcision and uncircumcision, barbarian, Scythian, slave, (or) free, but Christ (is) all and in all” (Col 3.10-11). Through Christ God has nullified the law “in order that he might create the two into one new humanity in him” (Eph 2.14-15). Thus, within new creation, ethnic identity still exists, but it is relativized, our identity in Christ taking priority ahead of other affiliations and duties. Lifestyle When the lost become saved through faith, they become his creation (ποίημα), “created in Christ Jesus for good works” (Eph 2.10). This means we are to “lay aside the former way of life, the old humanity corrupted according to deceitful desires” and instead be clothed with “the new humanity created according to God in righteousness and holiness of the truth” (Eph 4.22-24). Rather than lying to one another, we must “strip off the old humanity with its way of acting” and “be clothed with the new (humanity), renewed in knowledge according to the image of the one who created it” (Col 3.9-10). “The ones who are Christ's have crucified the flesh with the passions and the lusts” and instead “walk by the spirit” (Gal 5.24-25). Ultimately, All Creation Although new creation is currently limited to those who voluntarily recognize Jesus as Lord, all “creation is waiting with eager expectation for the unveiling of the children of God” (Rom 8.19). Because of the Christ event, the created order eagerly awaits the day when it will escape “the enslavement of corruption” and gain “the freedom of the glory of the children of God” (v. 21). Like a bone out of joint, creation does not function properly. Once Christ sets it right, it will return to its proper order and operation under humanity's wise and capable rulership in the eschaton. Eschatology God predetermined that those who believe will be “conformed to the image of his son, that he be firstborn among many brothers and sisters” (Rom 8.29). Thus, the resurrected Christ is the prototype, “the first fruits of those who have fallen asleep” (1 Cor 15.20). Whereas “in Adam all die, so also in Christ all will be made alive” (v. 22). We await Christ's return to “transform the body of our humble station (that it be) shaped to his glorious body according to the energy which makes him able to also to subject all things to himself.” (Phil 3.21). This is the end goal of new creation: resurrected subjects of God's kingdom joyfully living in a renewed world without mourning, crying, and pain forevermore (Isa 65.17-25; Rev 21-22). The Powers Taking Col 1.16 as a new creation text adds key information about the present governing powers to this richly textured picture. In Christ God created thrones, dominions, rulers, and authorities. He made these through Christ and for Christ with the result that Christ himself is before all things, and in Christ all things hold together (Col 1.17). He is the head of the body, the Church (Col 1.18). We find very similar language repeated in Ephesians in the context of Christ's exaltation.[61] Ephesians 1.20-23 20 Which [power] he energized in Christ having raised him from the dead and seated (him) on his right (hand) in the heavenlies 21 far above all rule and authority and power and dominion and every name named, not only in this age but also in the one to come; 22 and he subjected all things under his feet and gave him (as) head over all things in the Church, 23 which is his body, the fullness of the one who fills all things in all. The parallels are striking. Both speak of Christ's resurrection, Christ's exalted position of authority over all the powers, Christ's role as head of the church, and both mention the fullness. It's easy to miss the connection between these two passages since most think of Eph 1.20-22 as ascension theology and Col 1.15-20 as creation theology. But, if we adjust our thinking to regard Col 1.16 as new creation, we see how the two fit together. In Ephesians we see Christ's ascension to God's right hand as the reason for a cosmic reordering of authorities with the result that all rule, authority, power, and dominion are subjected to him. (Though we may be accustomed to reading these powers in Eph 1.21 as only malevolent owing to Eph 2.2 and 6.12, the list here must be mixed, since only benevolent powers will survive the final judgement and continue into the age to come.) Instead of exaltation, in Colossians Paul employed the language of creation to describe Christ's relation to the powers. Perhaps lesser terms like reassign, reorder, or establish were just too small to adequately express the magnitude of how the Christ event has changed the world—both in heaven and on earth. The only term big enough to convey the new situation was “creation”—the very same word he routinely used elsewhere with the meaning of new creation.[62] We can gain more insight by considering what the powers of Eph 1.21 and Col 1.16 mean. McKnight saw them “as earthly, systemic manifestations of (perhaps fallen) angelic powers—hence, the systemic worldly, sociopolitical manifestations of cosmic/angelic rebellion against God.”[63] I partially agree with McKnight here. He's right to see the powers as both heavenly and earthly, or better, as the heavenly component of the earthly sociopolitical realities, but he has not made room for the new authority structures created in Christ. John Schoenheit helpfully explained it this way: Not only did Jesus create his Church out of Jew and Gentile, he had to create the structure and positions that would allow it to function, both in the spiritual world (positions for the angels that would minister to the Church—see Rev. 1:1, “his angel”) and in the physical world (positions and ministries here on earth—see Rom. 12:4-8; Eph. 4:7-11).[64] We must never forget that Paul has an apocalyptic worldview—a perspective that seeks to unveil the heavenly reality behind the earthly. He believed in powers of darkness and powers of light. In Christ were created thrones, dominions, rulers, and authorities (Col 1.16). He is “the head of all rule and authority” (Col 2.10). These new creation realities make progress against the old powers that still hold sway in the world outside the Church. Although the old powers are still at work, those who are in Christ enjoy his protection. With respect to the Church, he has already “disarmed the rulers and authorities” (Col 2.15). We can don “the armor of God that we be able to stand against the methods of the devil” (Eph 6.11) and “subduing everything, to stand” (v. 13). We find glimpses of this heavenly reality scattered in other places in the Bible. Peter mentioned how Christ “is on the right hand of God, having gone into heaven, angels and authorities and power having been subjected to him” (1 Pet 3.22). In John's Revelation, he addressed each of the seven letters to the angels of their respective churches.[65] Although it's hard for us to get details on precisely what happened at Christ's ascension, something major occurred, not just on earth, but also in the spiritual realm. Jesus's last recorded words in Matthew are: “all authority in heaven and upon earth was given to me” (Mat 28.18-20). Presumably such a statement implies that prior to his resurrection Jesus did not have all authority in heaven and earth. It didn't exist until it was created. Similarly, because of his death, resurrection, and ascension, Christ has “become so much better than the angels as the name he has inherited is superior to them” (Heb 1.4). Once again, the text implies that Christ was not already superior to the angels, but “after making purification of the sins, he sat on the right hand of the majesty on high” at which time he became preeminent (Heb 1.3). Perhaps this also explains something about why Christ “proclaimed to the spirits in prison” (1 Pet 3.19). Another possibility is that Christ's ascension (Rev 12.5) triggered a war in heaven (v. 7) with the result that the dragon and his angels suffered defeat (v. 8) and were thrown out of heaven down to the earth (v. 9). Sadly, for most of the history of the church we have missed this Jewish apocalyptic approach that was obvious to Paul, limiting salvation to individual sins and improved morality.[66] Only in the twentieth century did interpreters begin to see the cosmic aspect of new creation. Margaret Thrall wrote the following. The Christ-event is the turning-point of the whole world … This Christ ‘in whom' the believer lives is the last Adam, the inaugurator of the new eschatological humanity. … Paul is saying that if anyone exists ‘in Christ', that person is a newly-created being. … In principle, through the Christ-event and in the person of Christ, the new world and the new age are already objective realities.[67] New creation is, in the words of J. Louis Martyn “categorically cosmic and emphatically apocalyptic.”[68] In fact, “The advent of the Son and of his Spirit is thus the cosmic apocalyptic event.”[69] In Christ is the beginning of a whole new creation, an intersecting community of angelic and human beings spanning heaven and earth. The interlocking of earthly (visible) and heavenly (invisible) authority structures points to Paul's apocalyptic holism. The Church was not on her own to face the ravages of Rome's mad love affair with violence and power. In Christ, people were no longer susceptible to the whims of the gods that have wreaked so much havoc from time immemorial.[70] No, the Church is Christ's body under his direct supervision and protection. As a result, the Church is the eschatological cosmic community. It is not merely a social club; it has prophetic and cosmic dimensions. Prophetically, the Church points to the eschaton when all of humanity will behave then how the Church already strives to live now—by the spirit instead of the flesh (Gal 5.16-25). Cosmically, the Church is not confined to the earth. There is a heavenly dimension with authority structures instantiated under Christ to partner with the earthly assemblies. God's “plan for the fulness of the times” is “to head up all thing in the Christ, the things upon the heavens and the things upon the earth in him” (Eph 1.10). Although this is his eschatological vision, Zeilinger pointed out that it is already happening. [T]he eschatological world given in Christ is realized within the still-existing earthly creation through the inclusion of the human being in Christ, the exalted one, by means of the proclamation of salvation and baptism. The eschaton spreads throughout the world in the kerygma and becomes reality, in that the human being, through baptism, becomes part of Christ—that is, in unity with him, dies to the claim of the στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου (2.20) and is raised with him to receive his eschatological life. The people thus incorporated into the exalted Christ thereby form, in him and with him, the new creation of the eschaton within the old! The body of Christ is thus recognizable as the expanding Church. In it, heavenly and earthly space form, in a certain sense, a unity.[71] The Church is a counter society, and embassy of the future kingdom shining the light of the age to come into the present in the power of the spirit with the protection of Christ and his heavenly powers over against the powers of darkness, who/which are still quite active—especially in the political realities of our present evil age (Gal 1.4). We bend the knee to the cosmic Christ now in anticipation of the day when “every knee may bend: heavenly and earthly and subterranean” (Phil 2.10) and “every tongue may confess that Jesus Christ (is) Lord” (v. 11). Christ's destiny is to fulfil the original Adamic mandate to multiply, fill, and have dominion over the earth (Gen 1.28). He has already received all authority in heaven and earth (Mat 28.18). God has given him “dominion over the works of your hands and put all things under his feet” as the quintessential man (Ps 8.6). Even so, “Now we do not yet see all things subjected to him” (Heb 2.8), but when he comes “he will reign into the ages of the ages” (Rev 11.15). Until then, he calls the Church to recognize his preeminence and give him total allegiance both in word and deed. Conclusion We began by establishing that the structure of the poetic unit in Col 1.15-20 breaks into two strophes (15-18a and 18b-20). We noted that Paul likely incorporated pre-existing material into Colossians, editing it as he saw fit. Then we considered the problems with the three old creation readings: (A) Christ as the agent of creation, (B) Wisdom as the agent of creation, and (C) Christ as the purpose of creation. In the course of critiquing (A), which is by far most popular, we observed several reasons to think Col 1.16 pertained to new creation, including (1) the image of God language in v. 15a, (2) the firstborn of all creation language in v. 15b, (3) the head of the Church language in v. 18a, and (4) the soteriological context (frame) of the poem (vv. 13-14, 21-22). To this I added a fifth syntactical reason that 16d as an elaboration of “τἀ πάντα” (all things) of 16a. Next, we explored the idea of new creation, especially within Paul's epistles, to find a deep and richly textured paradigm for interpreting God's redemptive and expanding sphere of influence (in Christ) breaking into the hostile world. We saw that new Christians die and rise with Christ, ending their association with the old and beginning again as a part of the new—a community where old racial, legal, and status divisions no longer matter, where members put off the old way of living and instead become clothed with the new humanity, where people look forward to and live in light of the ultimate transformation to be brought about at the coming of Christ. Rather than limiting new creation to the salvation of individuals, or even the sanctifying experience of the community, we saw that it also includes spiritual powers both “in the heavens and upon the earth, the visible and the invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities” (Col 1.16). Reading Col 1.15-20 along with Eph 1.20-23 we connected God's creation of the powers in Christ with his exaltation of Christ to his right hand “far above all rule and authority and power and dominion and every name named, not only in this age but also in the one to come” (Eph 1.21). The point from both texts is clear: as “the head of the body, the Church” (Col 1.18; Eph 1.22), Christ is “before all things” (Col 1.17), “first in all things” (Col 1.18), and “far above all” (Eph 1.21), since God has “subjected all things under his feet” (Eph 1.22). Christ is preeminent as the firstborn of all new creation, “the new Adam … the starting point where new creation took place.”[72] Although the old powers still hold sway in the world, those in the interlocked heaven-and-earth new creation domain where Christ is the head, enjoy his protection if they remain “in the faith established and steadfast and not shifting away from the hope of the gospel” (Col 1.23). This interpretation has several significant advantages. It fits into Paul's apocalyptic way of thinking about Christ's advent and exaltation. It also holds together the first strophe of the poem as a unit. Additionally, it makes better sense of the context. (The ecclesiology of Col 1.15-18a follows logically from the soteriological context of vv. 13-14.) Lastly, it is compatible with a wide range of Christological options. Appendix Here is Col 1.16 from Leedy's sentence diagrams.[73] Of note is how he equates the τὰ πάντα of 16a with 16c and 16d rather than seeing 16d as an elaboration of τά ὁρατά. Bibliography Bauer, Walter, Frederick William  Danker, William F. Arndt, F. Gingrich, Kurt Aland, Barbara Aland, and Viktor Reichmann. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2000. Bird, Michael F. Colossians and Philemon. A New Covenant Commentary. Cambridge, England: The Lutterworth Press, 2009. Brown, Anna Shoffner. “Nothing ‘Mere’ About a Man in the Image of God.” Paper presented at the Unitarian Christian Alliance, Springfield, OH, Oct 14, 2022. Bruce, E. K. Simpson and F. F. The Epistles to the Ephesians and the Colossians. The New International Commentary on the New Testament, edited by Ned B. Stonehouse. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1957. Buzzard, Anthony F. Jesus Was Not a Trinitarian. Morrow, GA: Restoration Fellowship, 2007. Caird, G. B. New Testament Theology. Edited by L. D. Hurst. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 2002. Caird, G. B. Paul’s Letters from Prison. New Clarendon Bible, edited by H. F. D. Sparks. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1976. Carden, Robert. One God: The Unfinished Reformation. Revised ed. Naperville, IL: Grace Christian Press, 2016. Chang, Eric H. H. The Only Perfect Man. Edited by Bentley C. F. Chang. 2nd ed. Montreal, QC: Christian Disciples Church Publishers, 2017. Deuble, Jeff. Christ before Creeds. Latham, NY: Living Hope International Ministries, 2021. Dunn, James D. G. Christology in the Making. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1996. Dunn, James D. G. The Epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon. New International Greek Testament Commentary, edited by Gasque Marshall, Hagner. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1996. Heiser, Michael S. The Unseen Realm: Recovering the Supernatural Worldview of the Bible. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2019. King, Martha. An Exegetical Summary of Colossians. Dallas, TX: SIL International, 1992. Kuschel, Karl-Joseph. Born before All Time? Translated by John Bowden. New York, NY: Crossroad, 1992. Originally published as Beforen vor aller Zeit? Lane, William L. The New Testament Page by Page. Open Your Bible Commentary, edited by Martin Manser. Bath, UK: Creative 4 International, 2013. Leedy, Randy A. The Greek New Testament Sentence Diagrams. Norfolk, VA: Bible Works, 2006. Lohse, Edward. Colossians and Philemon. Hermeneia. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1971. MacDonald, William Graham. The Idiomatic Translation of the New Testament. Norfolk, VA: Bibleworks, 2012. Mark H. Graeser, John A. Lynn, John W. Schoenheit. One God & One Lord. 4th ed. Martinsville, IN: Spirit & Truth Fellowship International, 2010. Martin, Ralph. “An Early Christian Hymn (Col. 1:15-20).” The Evangelical Quarterly 36, no. 4 (1964): 195–205. Martyn, J. Louis. Theological Issues in the Letters of Paul. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1997. McGrath, James F. The Only True God: Early Christian Monotheism in Its Jewish Context. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2009. McKnight, Scot. The Letter to the Colossians. New International Commentary on the New Testament, edited by Joel B. Green. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2018. Norden, Eduard. Agnostos Theos: Untersuchungen Zur Formengeschichte Religiöser Rede. 4th ed. Stuttgart, Germany: B. G. Teubner, 1956. Originally published as 1913. Pao, David. Colossians and Philemon. Zondervan Exegetical Commentary of the New Testament, edited by Clinton E. Arnold. Grand Rapid, MI: Zondervan, 2012. Perriman, Andrew. In the Form of a God. Studies in Early Christology, edited by David Capes Michael Bird, and Scott Harrower. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2022. Philo. The Works of Philo. The Norwegian Philo Concordance Project. Edited by Kåre Fuglseth Peder Borgen, Roald Skarsten. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2005. Robinson, James M. “A Formal Analysis of Colossians 1:15-20.” Journal of Biblical Literature 76, no. 4 (1957): 270–87. Schillebeeckx, Eduard. Christ: The Experience of Jesus as Lord. Translated by John Bowden. New York, NY: The Seabury Press, 1977. Schoberg, Gerry. Perspectives of Jesus in the Writings of Paul. Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2013. Schweizer, Eduard. The Letter to the Colossians. Translated by Andrew Chester. Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Publishing House, 1982. Smith, Dustin R. Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2024. Snedeker, Donald R. Our Heavenly Father Has No Equals. Bethesda, MD: International Scholars Publications, 1998. Thayer, Joseph Henry. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1996. Thrall, Margaret. The Second Epistle to the Corinthians. Vol. 1. The International Critical Commentary, edited by C. E. B. Cranfield J. A. Emerton, G. N. Stanton. Edinburgh, Scotland: T&T Clark, 1994. Wachtel, William M. “Colossians 1:15-20–Preexistence or Preeminence?” Paper presented at the 14th Theological Conference, McDonough, GA, 2005. Wessels, G. F. “The Eschatology of Colossians and Ephesians.” Neotestamentica 21, no. 2 (1987): 183–202. Witherington III, Ben The Letters to Philemon, the Colossians, and the Ephesians: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary of the Captivity Epistles. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2007. Yates, Roy. The Epistle to the Colossians. London: Epworth Press, 1993. Zeilinger, Franz. Der Erstgeborene Der Schöpfung. Wien, Österreich: Herder, 1974. Footnotes [1] Since the nineteenth century biblical scholars have been divided over whether Paul wrote Colossians. One of the major reasons for thinking Paul didn't write Colossians is his exalted Christology—the very conclusion this paper seeks to undermine. A second major factor to argue against Pauline authorship is the difference in vocabulary, but this is explainable if Paul used a different amanuensis. The theologically more cosmic emphasis (also evident in Ephesians) is likely due to Paul's time in prison to reflect and expand his understanding of the Christ event. Lastly, the proto-Gnostic hints in Colossians do not require dating the epistle outside of Paul's time. Although Gnosticism flourished at the beginning of the second century, it was likely already beginning to incubate in Paul's time. [2] Eduard Schillebeeckx, Christ: The Experience of Jesus as Lord, trans. John Bowden (New York, NY: The Seabury Press, 1977), 185. [3] Schillebeeckx, 185. [4] G. B. Caird, Paul’s Letters from Prison, New Clarendon Bible, ed. H. F. D. Sparks (Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1976), 177. [5] Caird, 181. [6] James D. G. Dunn, The Epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon, New International Greek Testament Commentary, ed. Gasque Marshall, Hagner (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1996), 91. “[W]hat at first reads as a straightforward assertion of Christ's pre-existenct activity in creation becomes on closer analysis an assertion which is rather more profound—not of Christ as such present with God in the beginning, nor of Christ as identified with a pre-existent hypostasis or divine being (Wisdom) beside God, but of Christ as embodying and expressing (and defining) that power of God which is the manifestation of God in and to his creation.” (Italics in original.) James D. G. Dunn, Christology in the Making, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1996), 194. [7] James F. McGrath, The Only True God: Early Christian Monotheism in Its Jewish Context (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2009), 46. [8] Andrew Perriman, In the Form of a God, Studies in Early Christology, ed. David Capes Michael Bird, and Scott Harrower (Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2022), 200. [9] In addition, biblical unitarians routinely interpret Col 1.16 as new creation. See Anthony F. Buzzard, Jesus Was Not a Trinitarian (Morrow, GA: Restoration Fellowship, 2007), 189–90, Robert Carden, One God: The Unfinished Reformation, Revised ed. (Naperville, IL: Grace Christian Press, 2016), 197–200, Eric H. H. Chang, The Only Perfect Man, ed. Bentley C. F. Chang, 2nd ed. (Montreal, QC: Christian Disciples Church Publishers, 2017), 151–52, Jeff Deuble, Christ before Creeds (Latham, NY: Living Hope International Ministries, 2021), 163–66, John A. Lynn Mark H. Graeser, John W. Schoenheit, One God & One Lord, 4th ed. (Martinsville, IN: Spirit & Truth Fellowship International, 2010), 493–94, Donald R. Snedeker, Our Heavenly Father Has No Equals (Bethesda, MD: International Scholars Publications, 1998), 291–92, William M. Wachtel, “Colossians 1:15-20–Preexistence or Preeminence?” (paper presented at the 14th Theological Conference, McDonough, GA, 2005), 4. [10] All translations are my own. [11] Stophes are structural divisions drawn from Greek odes akin to stanzas in poetry or verses in music. [12] Throughout I will capitalize Church since that reflects the idea of all Christians collectively not just those in a particular local assembly. [13] Eduard Norden, Agnostos Theos: Untersuchungen Zur Formengeschichte Religiöser Rede, 4th ed. (Stuttgart, Germany: B. G. Teubner, 1956), 250–54. [14] James M. Robinson, “A Formal Analysis of Colossians 1:15-20,” Journal of Biblical Literature 76, no. 4 (1957): 272–73. [15] Edward Lohse, Colossians and Philemon, Hermeneia (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1971), 44. [16] Eduard Schweizer, The Letter to the Colossians, trans. Andrew Chester (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Publishing House, 1982), 57. [17] Dunn, The Epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon, 84. [18] Ben  Witherington III, The Letters to Philemon, the Colossians, and the Ephesians: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary of the Captivity Epistles (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2007), 129. [19] William L. Lane, The New Testament Page by Page, Open Your Bible Commentary, ed. Martin Manser (Bath, UK: Creative 4 International, 2013), 765. [20] E. K. Simpson and F. F. Bruce, The Epistles to the Ephesians and the Colossians, The New International Commentary on the New Testament, ed. Ned B. Stonehouse (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1957), 65. [21] Michael F. Bird, Colossians and Philemon, A New Covenant Commentary (Cambridge, England: The Lutterworth Press, 2009), 50. [22] David Pao, Colossians and Philemon, Zondervan Exegetical Commentary of the New Testament, ed. Clinton E. Arnold (Grand Rapid, MI: Zondervan, 2012), 87. [23] Lohse, 42. [24] Lohse, 43–44. [25] Scot McKnight, The Letter to the Colossians, New International Commentary on the New Testament, ed. Joel B. Green (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2018), 144. [26] Col 1.13-14: “who rescued us from the authority of darkness and transferred (us) into the kingdom of his beloved son in whom we have the redemption, the forgiveness of the sins.” Col 1.21-22: “And you being formerly alienated and hostile in thought in the evil deeds, but now he reconciled (you) in his body of the flesh through the death to present you holy and blameless and irreproachable before him.” [27] In fact, we can easily skip from vv. 13-14 to vv. 21-22. [28] Dunn, Christology in the Making, 187–88. [29] Sadly, most translations erroneously insert a paragraph between vv. 14 and 15. This produces the visual effect that v. 15 is a new thought unit. [30] Bruce, 193. [31] Moses 2.65: “τὴν ἡγεμονίαν τῶν περιγείων” in Philo, The Works of Philo, The Norwegian Philo Concordance Project (Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2005). See also Sirach 17.3. [32] Schweizer, 64. [33] For a helpful treatment of how the image of God relates to Christology, see Anna Shoffner Brown, “Nothing ‘Mere’ About a Man in the Image of God” (paper presented at the Unitarian Christian Alliance, Springfield, OH, Oct 14, 2022). [34] Walter Bauer et al., A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2000), s.v. “πρωτότοκος,” 2.a. [35] Franz Zeilnger wrote, “Christ is temporally the first of a series that essentially proceeds from him, and at the same time its lord and head.” Franz Zeilinger, Der Erstgeborene Der Schöpfung (Wien, Österreich: Herder, 1974), 182. Original: “als “Wurzel” ist Christus zeitlich der erste einer Reihe, die wesentlich aus ihm hervorgeht, und zugleich ihr Herr und Haupt.” [36] McKnight, 85–86. [37] The closest parallels are 1 Cor 8.6; Heb 1.2; and John 1.3, which employ the preposition δια (through). Upon close examination these three don't teach Christ created the universe either. [38] ESV, CSB, NASB, etc. Notably the NET diverges from the other evangelical translations. Roman Catholic, mainline, and unitarian translations all tend to straightforwardly render “ἐν αὐτῷ” as “in him” in Col 1.16; cf. NABRE, NRSVUE, OGFOMMT, etc. [39] Chang, 150. [40] Ralph Martin, “An Early Christian Hymn (Col. 1:15-20),” The Evangelical Quarterly 36, no. 4 (1964): 198. [41] Schillebeeckx, 186. [42] Dunn, Christology in the Making, 191. [43] Karl-Joseph Kuschel, Born before All Time?, trans. John Bowden (New York, NY: Crossroad, 1992), 336. [44] Dustin R. Smith, Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John (Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2024), 5–6. For more on wisdom Christology in Col 1.16 see Dunn, The Epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon, 89, Roy Yates, The Epistle to the Colossians (London: Epworth Press, 1993), 18–19, 23, G. B. Caird, New Testament Theology, ed. L. D. Hurst (Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 2002), 46, McGrath, 44, 46. [45] See Dunn, The Epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon, 89. See also Yates, 18–19, 23. [46] Dunn, Christology in the Making, 190. [47] Perriman, 199. [48] Martha King, An Exegetical Summary of Colossians (Dallas, TX: SIL International, 1992), 53. [49] Joseph Henry Thayer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1996), s.v. “ἐν,” 1722. He recognized the cause was both instrumental and final. [50] William Graham MacDonald, The Idiomatic Translation of the New Testament (Norfolk, VA: Bibleworks, 2012). [51] Chang, 147. Similarly James McGrath wrote, “[I]f all things were intended by God to find their fulfillment in Christ, then they must have been created “in him” in the very beginning in some undefined sense, since it was axiomatic that the eschatological climax of history would be a restoration of its perfect, original state.” McGrath, 46. [52] Caird, Paul’s Letters from Prison, 172. [53] “God so designed the universe that it was to achieve its proper meaning and unity only under the authority of man (Gen. 128; Ps. 86). But this purpose was not to be implemented at once; it was ‘to be put into effect when the time was ripe' (Eph. 110), when Christ had lived a human life as God intended it, and had become God's image in a measure which was never true of Adam. Only in unity with ‘the proper man' could the universe be brought to its destined coherence. For one who believes in predestination it is but a small step from this to saying that the universe was created in him.” Caird, Paul’s Letters from Prison, 178. [54] See also Paul's Adam Christology in Rom 5.12-21; 1 Cor 15.21-22, 45-49. [55] “Christus ist (durch seine Auferstehung aus dem Todesbereich) Herr über den ihm verliehenen Besitz, dessen ἀρχή und Urbild er ist, … und Haupt und Anfang der eschatologischen Neuschöpfung!” Zeilinger, 188. [56] King, 54. [57] Perriman, 200. [58] G. F. Wessels, “The Eschatology of Colossians and Ephesians,” Neotestamentica 21, no. 2 (1987): 187. [59] I realize my translation is awkward, but I prioritized closely mirroring the Greek over presenting smooth English. The original reads, “συνεζωοποίησεν ὑμᾶς σὺν αὐτῷ.” [60] Schillebeeckx, 187. [61] Scholars who make this connection include Caird, New Testament Theology, 216, Caird, Paul’s Letters from Prison, 177, McGrath, 44, Perriman, 201. [62] In fact, only two of the texts I cited above explicitly say “new creation” (2 Cor 5.17 and Gal 6.15). In all the others, Paul blithely employed creation language, expecting his readers to understand that he was not talking about the creation of the universe, but the creation of the new humanity in Christ—the Church. [63] McKnight, 152. [64] Mark H. Graeser, 493. [65] Rev 2.1, 8, 12, 18; 3.1, 7, 14. [66] See Gerry Schoberg, Perspectives of Jesus in the Writings of Paul (Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2013), 280–81, 83. [67] Margaret Thrall, The Second Epistle to the Corinthians, vol. 1, The International Critical Commentary, ed. C. E. B. Cranfield J. A. Emerton, G. N. Stanton (Edinburgh, Scotland: T&T Clark, 1994), 423, 26–28. [68] J. Louis Martyn, Theological Issues in the Letters of Paul (Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1997), 122. [69] Martyn, 121. [70] Whether the old gods actually existed or not is a topic beyond the scope of this paper. Interested readers should consult Michael S. Heiser, The Unseen Realm: Recovering the Supernatural Worldview of the Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2019). [71] “[D]ie in Christus gegebene echatologische Welt verwirkliche sich innerhalb der weiterhin existenten irdischen Schöpfung durch die Einbeziehung des Menschen in Christus, den Erhöhten, mittles Heilsverkündigung und Taufe. Das Eschaton setzt sic him Kerygma wetweit durch und wird Wirklichkeit, indem der Mensch durch die Taufe Christi Teil wird, d. h. in Einheit mit ihm dem Anspruch der στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου stirbt (2, 20) und mit ihm auferweckt sein eschatologisches Leben erhält. Die so dem erhöhten Christus eingegliederten Menschen bilden somit in ihm und mit ihm die neue Schöpfung der Eschata innerhalb der alten! Der Christusleib ist somit als sich weitende Kirche erkennbar. In ihr bildet himmlischer und irdischer Raum gewissermaßen eine Einheit.” Zeilinger, 179. [72] “Der neue Adam … Ausgangsort, in dem sich Neuschöpfung ereignete,” Zeilinger, 199. [73] Randy A. Leedy, The Greek New Testament Sentence Diagrams (Norfolk, VA: Bible Works, 2006). This is now available in Logos Bible Software.

POUR COMMANDER MON LIVRE : Sur Amazon : https://amzn.to/3ZMm4CY Sur Fnac.com : https://tidd.ly/4dWJZ8ODans ce troisième et dernier épisode sur l'IA, je vous donne mon point de vue sur deux dangers liés à l'apparition et à la propagation de l'intelligence artificielle.---Envie d'aller plus loin ? Rejoignez-moi sur Patreon pour accéder à tout mon contenu supplémentaire.

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTHOn this season of The Way Home, it starts with someone running through the woods. I kid I kid. This couple is running through the wood, rocking old timey garb, as they're chased with people. That doesnt stop them from hiding behind a tree for a kissssss. They get back to running and she trips over a rock and falls off a cliff as her boo thang yells CORAAAAAA. She keeps falling until she lands ... in present day into her bed. She jerks awake thanks to her alarm and gets ready for the day in her house that is currently being remodeled. Cora is a cop, now detective, and she goes to get coffee and bumps into Assistant DA Finn who is more a tea guy. He congratulates her on her promotion and offers to buy her lunch so they can talk about her new case. She gets to her new case - a jewelry store burglary. As she works with the owner to figure out what's been taken, one item sticks out to her - a necklace that shoots her back into her dream right before she dies. She's wearing the necklace as her boo thing says he'll love her in every lifetime. Boo thing Liam is snagged up by the the bad guys. Suddenly, Liam is zapped to an all white room and these angels give him the run down - he's been in limbo for 200 years. Limbo is closing and he has to earn his place in heaven. How so? Help Cora, who has been reincarnated, end up with her true soul mate - Finn. See, Liam is a thief. He's stolen a lot including Cora who he stole from her fated mate. Now he has a chance to make it right. Suddenly, he's zapped into modern day. He has a badge and he finds out that he's been brought in from Portland by his buddy Chief Boyd who he recognizes from his past life. Body wants him to help out a rookie detective. I wonder who that could be. Liam is very confused by trying to figure things out as he goes until Boyd brings him to the jewelry store and he locks eyes with Detective Cora which is shocking to him because she's a women. She asks if they've met and he says not in this lifetime. We see some flashbacks that show that Liam met Cora when he broke into her fancy family's house. It's pretty clear that in modern time, Finn & Clara are diggin each other, so what can Liam even do? Especially since he gets shock every time they touch. Liam ends up moving into Cora's guest house. What could go wrong? Turns out a ton because before they go to this fundraising dance together, she asks him to zip up her dress. Boy oh boy. We get another flash back to a time that he saw her through a window at a dance. She comes out and tells him that she's betrothed to Finn. She asks what he was going to steal that night he broke in. He looks at her necklace. She gives it to him and they almost kiss but she gets called back in. In this flashback, he comes across a dead body of this dude named John.He believes that this is going to happen again in present day, so he goes to get a ride with a girl, Meredith, who is hot for him despite being married to John, to try to stop the murder.While he's gone, Cora dances with Finn. He takes her home and they're about to kiss and they get a call - there's been a murder.Obviously, Liam and Meredith didn't get there in time mainly because Liam doesn't know how to pump gas. Liam is a suspect because he mysteriously called it in and he was with John's wife at the time, which does seem suspicious. Cora is hurt because she thought they had something but now she knows that he's bad news. Flashback to Liam who goes to talk to Cora. He tells her that he's wanted for murder. She says that they'll run, she'll go with him because she loves him. And then they kiss big ones. Back in present day, Cora is able to clear Liam's name. She tells him that she feels like meeting him was inevitable. She likes him and she wants to find out what "this" could be. She says would you? Fade to...white? 

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTH The movie kicks off with a guy stumbling around a diner, literally stabbed in the back. Knife sticking out. Eventually, he just falls to the ground.Cut back a bit to to Aurora. Her and boyfriend Daniel, who is the cook at the diner they work at, are talking about going out for their 6 month anniversary. See the dude who got stabbed at the beginning is Aurora's boss, Emilio.Officer Arthur comes into the office carrying a ton of coffee's. He is greeted by Detective Cook and his ex-wife, Larissa, who has been sent to investigate why this precinct's arrest percentage is lower then the national average.Back at the diner, Aurora overhears her boss arguing with this lawyer in his office.Later, Aurora is working hard at the library. She realizes that she left her phone at the diner, so she calls Daniel on the library phone to tell him she's going to be a little late - she has to run grab her phone. When she gets there, she discovers some black beads on the ground. So she turns on the light and finds Emilio, dead on the ground. She goes to run out just as Daniel is conveniently walking it.The cops show up and Officer Arthur and Detective Cook immediately accuse Daniel since it's his fancy knife in the back. Aurora is like no way - Daniel loved Emilio. They never fought. They're like well did you ever see him fight with anyone? Daniel says his ex-wife and he came in earlier in the day. They take Daniel downtown anyway and he's a real suspect.Aurora is really mad that they're treating Daniel like a suspect, so she's going to investigate it herself. That starts by showing up to Emilio's wake to talk to his ex-and their son. It does not go well.Emilio's current girlfriend Kathleen is there as well but they seemed to really love each other. So it definitely wasn't her.Aurora goes to talk to his ex again and sees that her earrings have black beads on it. could be nothing. could be everything.Aurora and Daniel go back to the diner to look some more. Suddenly, Daniel is just gone. The cops show up and Daniel is found unconscious on the ground.He's alive, don't worry. But he does get an envelope full of cash which the police find suspicious.The son becomes a suspect because it turns out they bought a movie ticket just to have an alibi "just in case" which isn't something innocent people do. Except in this case. Because he didn't do it.Ultimately, it turns out it was his business partner that killed him because Kathleen used to be with him and he was jealous. Womp womp.Daniel tells Aurora he's leaving, so I guess that's that. And Officer Arthur is pumped. It's finally his time.  

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTH The movie starts harder than any kids movie has ever started before. The movie? Intense. And we see a little Gordon Bombay get told from his coach that it all comes down to him and losing isn't an option, he proceeds to miss the goal and lose.Cut to present day, Gordon Bombay is now a brash defense attorney that wants to win at all costs. After winning his latest case, he celebrates with some drinking and driving. He gets pulled over and that's not good.This gets back to his boss, Mr. Ducksworth. He puts him on paid leave and tells him he's been given 500 hours of community service coaching pee-wee hockey.Speaking of hockey, we meet the team. A group of rag tag kids who love pranking random people with dog poop. They also love hockey despite the fact that they suck at it.Coach Bombay gets out there and sees the team. They're currently 0-9. He starts by telling them he doesn't like kids. He tells them to scrimmage while he gets on a phone call in his limo. The kids don't scrimmage. Instead, they jump on the limo and begin to shake it. They get inside and demand a ride when Charlie's mom, the mother of one of the kids on the team, shows up, yells at Bombay and makes Charlie come home.  Wouldn't you know it, their first game is against the Hawks - Bombay's old team that is still coached by his old coach, Reilly. The Hawks are a legit hockey team. District 5? Not so much. They don't even have the right equipment. They get absolutely destroyed. Convinced that they can't win with their play, Bombay teaches them how to take the fall, act hurt, and get indignant. Charlie's not having and refuses to play by Bombay's silly rules.Bombay, feeling a bit lost, goes to talk to his old mentor Hans who gives him the kick in the pants he needs to remember his love of hockey.He goes to apologize to Charlie and his mom and ends up staying for dinner. He is feeling inspired and convinces Ducksworth to sponsor the team.Bombay is suddenly the greatest coach of all time. They even tie a game.Bombay recruits three new players: siblings Tommy and Tammy Duncan, who are skilled figure skaters, and Fulton Reed, a giant who shoots a puck like a bullet out of a gun.Bombay discovers that due to rezoning, Hawks' star Adam Banks should be playing for the Ducks, and forces Reilly to transfer him. While arguing with Reilly, Bombay sarcastically says that the kids don't deserve to live. They take that personally for some reason and refuse to play the next game.Ducksworth calls Bombay and tells him he either lets Banks play for the Hawks or he's fired. Bombay says quack quack quack and leaves to go make up with the kids.The Ducks begins to win a lot thanks to their regained trust of Bombay and the addition of Banks, despite the fact that he is a cake-eater. They make it to the championship against the Hawks. The Hawks strike early and go up 3-0. Reilly wants to make sure it's a blow out by ordering his players to take Banks out. Literally puts him on a stretcher.Bombay tells Reilly he's going down and go gives the pep talk of all pep talks. They pull out all the stops. Fulton's big time. Figure skating. The flying V. and finally, when they need it the most, it's the triple deke to win the game.They celebrate by Bombay kissing Charlie's mom in front of everyone which is out of line if you ask me.The movie ends with Bombay boarding a bus to go try out for the minors again, his dream alive again. But promises he'll be back for next season no matter what. 

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTHThe movie kicks off with a couple dancing at a party, having a great time. It's Ben and Cassie and they end up dating. They are heading to rural Oregon to spend Christmas with his family. We meet Ben's sister who is really into vlogging, and their parents, Kirby & Mia. We immediately see that this family is a bit chaotic. They sit down for dinner and other brother Gordon shows up out of nowhere. The energy at this dinner is real weird. And then it comes out that she doesn't eat meat...and he doesn't eat meat either. Gordon begins to grill Cassie about why she's vegetarian and pushes back why it's about the environment. And Ben just kinda sits there and lets it happen. So Cassie is hurt that 1. Ben didn't tell them about being vegetarian and 2. that he'd just let Gordon attack her like that. He's like oh my bad, but look at my funny ho ho ho underwear. Wanna have smex? She does not. She tells him that this isn't working and has known that for a while. So they break up and we're not even 30 minutes in. The next morning, they go to buy her a flight but there's a big storm and there are no flights until after Christmas. The family is finally looped in. It's a whole thing.Ben decides the best way to fix this situation is by calling her best friend and asking for advice. Obviously that information gets back to Cassie which only makes things worse. His dad takes him out to the train tracks to tell him to stop being a dummy and just let her go. Cassie calls her mom and she could not be less helpful. But Ben's mom comes up and comforts her, cuz mom's gonna mom. The next day, she can't stand being in the room by herself anymore so she decides to go out with his family and she ends up having a fun time with everyone except for Ben who she is still giving the cold shoulder to.This gives Ben time to bond with Gordon over lost love.And Cassie ends up getting close to Ben's sister. Ben continues to not learn his lesson and tries to get back together with Cassie. It's Christmas Day and Cassie is thoughtful AF and gives everyone the perfect Christmas gift including some architecture socks for Ben, And then Ben surprises her by giving her a plane ticket home or a rental car to get her to Portland. She stays for lunch and then goes her way. The movie ends sometime later with the sister now going through a breakup and Gordon & Ben are helping her through while Ben wears his socks from Cassie. 

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTH8/2 - Providence Falls: Chance of a Lifetime8/3 - Aurora Teagarden Mysteries: Death at the Diner8/9 - Providence Falls: An Impossible Dream8/16 - Providence Falls: Thief of Fate8/17 - Mystery Island: Play for Keeps8/23 - Double Scoop8/30 - Catch of the Day

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTHPaul tells Lori that the script is off to a really good start. Thank god! They start giving her some tips and she's so happy! It's 2 hours until the wedding ceremony and Rob and Donna are in the pool chillin cuz Paul said he's handling everything. Kerry and her girls are bummed that the trip is coming to an end. Paige has her phone number bracelet ready to go in case she bumps into Tyler again, but I'm sure she won't. Gail and Alicia are preparing for the last day. Gail wants to come up with a fun way of thank Alicia for getting her out of her comfort zone before they leave. Rob is getting ready for the ceremony and he rolls out a red carpet and it's wrinkly AF and that's why I love Rob. True to her word, Paige is doing Donna's makeup for the wedding. Gail finds Wes Brown getting ready for his cocktail tasting and pitches an idea - at the next Carol-oke, she wants to sing jingle bells with an original Christmas song. Of course, Wes has his guitar ready to go help. She's like here's what I have so far….dashing through the snow….ok so I have nothing. Wes is being so patient and they're gonna work it out great. It's wedding time. Donna is in her dress and it's real nice. Most people are in their Christmas pjs. Of course the Vaneer family show up in dresses. Ben, Kim, and Andrew are there. Drew is the best man. But who will be the maid of honor??? Nikki DeLoach obviously. The gym connection is real. And Tyler Hynes is gonna step in as daddy and walk her down the aisle. It's magical. They've FaceTime'd in their family. Paul crushes the ceremony. He asks if anyone objects, and Ben does a bit. Alicia gets a note from Gail to meet her at Carol-oke. She shows up and Gail goes up there and sings her song and crushes it! Alicia and Gail sing jingle bells. Everyone's giving them high fives including this kid dressed like the grinch that they ignore. Back to the wedding, they exchange their vows. Big cries. My guy jacked Rob crushed it. They kiss. Woohooooo! Lori gets a text from Jonathan Bennett. She gets down there and Andrew and Taylor Cole are there, acting out her screenplay! They're just playing around and giving pointers to the script. It's a dream come true. So Alicia and Gail show up for dinner, dresses with tiaras, ready to celebrate their birthdays. Get outta here Nate. But then I find out they've been celebrating their birthdays all year. I don't think it's their birthday either. But it's their 60th and they have a lovely dinner. And Gail gives Alicia a teacup just like her grandma used to have. She starts to cry. She says at first, she wasn't happy to be turning 60 but now she realizes what a gift it is to even get to 60. I love them so much. Kerry and her daughters are up on the top of the ship playing ball. Apparently Paige played college ball at Yale. Suddenly Tyler and Ben walk up and Kerry, the ultimate momma wingmen, calls them over and invites them to play. Paige gives Tyler her bracelet. And they have a moment. I think it's gonna work out between them. The episode ends at the Christmas ball on the final night. Everyone is super dressed up. All of our cruisers talk about how amazing the cruise was and they can't wait for next year. 

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTHWelcome to the township of Gilford. We meet Lindsey Monroe, a city planner who is having to deal with Mayor Fred Barnes' current pressing project: rebuilding the long-gone gazebo in the town square exactly as it was, to be completed in time for the historic Christmas Eve town lighting. You know how it goes.The mayor hired Scott, a Gilford newbie, and someone who literally made me say oh my gosh when he walked on screen. He is tasked with building the gazebo. The problem is there are no records of the old gazebo itself. Lindsey and Scott meet for the first time and it's immediately clear that they are going to clash and fall in love.Lindsey is a widow who gets pretty sad around the holiday season. Her daughter, Hannah is ready to start celebrating Christmas again. So while at this Christmas market thing, she is given some Christmas decorations, including this stocking. When they get it home, they hang up the stocking and it magically falls to the ground. Lindsey reaches inside and finds an old locket. I'm sure it's nothing. Lindsey's mom comes and brings a Christmas tree. Lindsey is not thrilled. The stocking falls again and Hannah picks it up. Feels something in it so she reaches in and it's a dog tag with the word "magic". Hannah is pumped. WE'RE GETTING A DOG!!!!! Her mom is like sorry we're not getting a puppy. A side story is the mayor is very into Lindsey's mom. He is shooting his shot. He is all sorts of thirsty. She's not having it. The next day, she goes to check on Scott and how the gazebo is going. She just wants to get this project done but he wants to make sure it's authentic. He asks her on a date and she says no. But then she's like if you end up showing up to dinner tonight with my family and the mayor, I'm sure no one will mind. But they all ditch them so that they end up having dinner just the 2 of them. When Hannah and her grandma get back to their house, Hannah finds a puppy in their bushes. It's magic and it's meant to be. And the magic keeps coming including grandma getting the numbers exactly correct to the towns coin guessing competition. don't ask. Hannah and grandma are now completely convinced that the stocking is magic. Everything seems to be coming up aces. They even find pictures of the original gazebo. It's going great. Until Hannah sees a flyer for a missing song. She doesn't want to give the dog back but her hands are tied. She has to give it back.But Scott surprises her by getting her a dog named Magic. YOU KIDDIN ME RIGHT NOW?! So Lindsey is really unsure about Scott and the dog and stuff cuz her husband died in a car crash on the way to get a puppy. so that's tough. On her way out of the house to go to the town square, the stocking drops. Inside, a single Christmas light. What does it mean?!?! well when she gets there, she finds out that the Christmas lights are missing one light. She gives it to him and he fixes the light just in case. It works and the town lights up. He gives her the locket that he fixed. And then they kissssss. Cut to one year later. We're back at the Christmas market and they return the magical stocking to the lady and she winks. yay magic, yay us. 

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTHTeenager Billy Jackson is helping his dad out with some deliveries despite it being Christmas Eve and he just wants to goof off with his buddies. He overhears his dad talking about some rumors about the future of the store but he doesn't care. It's basketball time! He's claims he's been working on his shot but his bully Joey isn't having it.  To make matters worse, Joey is dating his crush, Diane. After getting humiliated on the court, he forget the bag that he's supposed to deliver for his dad.He heads to the church where his mom is preparing for the pageant and he heads up to the rafters to try to get back at Joey by replacing all of the snow that's gonna fall with water and Joey will get blamed because he's the stage manager. They wake up on Christmas morning and Billy's dad surprises him with a new hoop & ball. His uncle David shows up and he's a fancy pants money man. He tells them that he's building a super mega store in this town and Billy's dad is like that'll put me out of business! David is like you'll be fine, you'll be running the store. They all head to the Christmas pageant and Billy's plan to get back at Joey works but Joey punches him in the eye and David, who had the water fall on him, leaves angry. Worst Christmas ever. His sister comes in to sleep in his room cuz she's scared and they get in an argument about Christmas being the best ever. She wishes it was Christmas every day and she makes him say it with her so that she'll go to sleep.Much to his surprise, he wakes up and it's Christmas again!!! He is so confused. He thinks its just a giant prank, but when he wakes up the next day and it's Christmas again... he's very confused. His parents are concerned about him and get a doctor to check him out but they think it's just puberty. He figures if nothing really matters, he might as well kiss Diane without her consent and Joey punches him in the face. He tries all sorts of different things - trying to make the perfect day, trying to get Diane to fall in love with him, trying to kill his uncle David, and even trying to be a hero by stopping bad stuff from happening around town. He finally decides, you know what, I'm just gonna be kind to everyone. I'm gonna try to give everyone in town the most wonderful Christmas. Ultimately, he figures out that the lesson here is to just love your family and embrace them and in doing so, his uncle remembers how much he loves being back home and decides he wants to come back and work in the store.

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTHWe are dropped right into an episode of Renovating Romance. Chelsea hosts this show that renovates a house & helps a couple at the same time. She hosts the show with her boyfriend Jake. The season just ended and they go to this wrap party and then they're off on a little vacation. But uh oh - there's an opportunity in New Hampshire for a special - hosted by her. Chelsea really wants the time off but Jake is like this would be big for us! She is gonna say no but the executive Dan is like I'll make a big donation to your charity and she's in. Off to New Hampshire they go to meet the unhappy couple Cooper and Janice. They can not agree on what to do with their house. He's a country mouse. She's a big city girl. And they just have different ideas. So they're talking about that country mouse all the way to the house. Turns out that country mouse was their driver! Whoopsies.They get to the first day of shooting and Janice is immediately uncomfortable with talking about her and Cooper's relationship on national tv. He's like that's the whole point of the show. She decides to go to New York for a couple days to clear her head. Jake says he could go with her and film some stuff there and say it's for the show and Chelsea will stay there and film with Cooper. And the chemistry between Cooper and Chelsea is off the charts. Everyone is talking about it. They just keep flirting and having fun time. To make matters worse, the tabloids are about to run a story about Chelsea and Jake having relationship problems. Janice makes it back and her and cooper talk and decide to really give their relationship a shot. They tell that to Chelsea and Jake and Chelsea is kinda sad. It's almost time for the live Christmas Eve special and Chelsea decides now is the right time to dump Jake. Jake takes it ok but then we see that he was going to propose. On the show, Cooper and Janice are talking about how they saved their relationship but then they asked Janice if she's ready to leave the big city for good and she cries and says no and breaks up with cooper. Tough break bud. Jake still proposes to Chelsea on TV but tells her it's just for the show. Chelsea looks at Cooper and then says no. She gives a long speech about how America doesn't need to see everything tied up in a perfect bow. 

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTHFollows Helen and her daughter Lauren, who go on a trip to an isolated cabin in the cold north and meet a hitchhiker who actually is a thief trying to evade a cold-blooded killer, and now Helen and Lauren are on the murderer's radar too.

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTHRob proposes!!! And he tells her he wants to get married tomorrow! She says “you know my answers yes!”. They kiss and it's sweet, she's like I'm so happy I don't have to call you boyfriend anymore at my age. And then he tells her Paul is going to marry them and she's like what?! So we'll see. We find out that Ben Ayres did take the script from Lori and that he'll do what he can to get it into the right hands. Cut back to Gail looking real scared on the ATV. Suddenly, Tyler Hynes comes rolling up on an ATV and he says “my mom said I should come find 2 attractive women for some adventure”. He says Gail I know you're nervous, how about you hop on the back of mine and I'll help you. And Alicia is now like “wait I'm scared too”! Gail hops on and they get moving and Gail is loving life, holding onto Tyler Hynes. Cut over to Paige telling momma Kerry about her move. At first, she says it's a terrible idea. But she tells her that you know that I support you. It's time for you to do your own thing. Tyler pulls over and tells Gail it's time for her to try it on her own (plus he needs to give Alicia some love and ride with her cuz he's a gentlemen). She's nervous but she does it!!! You go Gail! Lori is proud of herself for handing over her script. She doubts anything will come of it but she did it and that's big for her. And her sister is so proud of her. After ATV riding, Tyler hangs out with Alicia and Gail and gives them a friendship pep talk that would make you run through a wall. They then all get rocks and write down something they want to let go of and they throw it into the water. Back on cruise, it's time for the pajama party, of course the 3 wise men do their dance. The women in the crowd are going nuts. It's time for Mr Shipmas - cruise version of finding Mr Christmas. Of course ripped Rob is competing. He tells Jonathan Bennett about the wedding and of course he's excited. Gail and Alicia are playing shuffleboard and of course Erin Cahill and Sarah Drew walk up. They're talking about friendship and they're all crying over the power of friendship. Back at Shipmas, Jonathan announces to the crowd about the engagement and Rob tells everyone that they're all invited. Rob does not win. Momma Kerry sees Taylor Cole sitting by herself in the empty dining room. She thanks Taylor for being such an active supporter of breast cancer awareness because Kerry beat breast cancer and they bond and it's sweet.   Lori and sister get back to their room and find a note on their door from Paul and Kimberley asking to meet. They have the script. Paul tells them that they checked out the first couple pages and then he pauses and that's it. 

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTHThe movie kicks off with Emilie taking her niece Alana and nephew J.T to see their mom who is in the hospital following an accidental overdose. Emilie isn't really fit to take care of the kids but she doesn't want them to get put in the system, so she takes them and they get on the road. They stop in this small town of Bethlehem and go to this diner where this women is talking about how they should stay at the Pierce home and keeps talking about angels. Turns out, she's an angel! We know that because when a police officer comes in after they left, she's no where to be found.So Emilie stops at the Pierce home, finds the key, and they stay there for the night. In the morning, there's a knock at the door. It's two ladies who live across the street. They assume she's the Pierce's niece all grown up. They bring breakfast, turn on the gas and the water, and couldn't be more helpful.  Emilie decides not to push their luck and goes to leave. But her car breaks down before they can leave. The local police chief, Nathan Blair, pulls up and offers to give them a ride into town for some groceries. He ends up paying for everything.  And boy is he into her. She knows that they can only stay there for a little bit so she tries to put up walls but he's not having it. He looks into her and the angel helps make all the paper work for the house seem official. A fax comes in that shows that she's wanted for kidnapping but the police department doesn't notice it. No problem at all. Nathan shows up to put up more Christmas decorations for the kids and they end up kissing in the attic. She knows she has to leave before Christmas because her "uncle" is supposed to show up. But when she finds out that the airport is closed, she decides to stay and bring the kids to see "Santa" who is actually Nathan. It's there that everything goes to heck. First, the police administrator finds the fax. And then Alana tells Santa that she wants to see her real mom for Christmas. Nathan is real mad so he goes to a bar and talk to the angel who encourages him to forgive her.This case immediately goes to court to figure out what to do with Emilie, for lying about who she is and with the kids who she kidnapped. Nathan shows up and speaks in support of Emilie, says that they can live with him, and that he'd also like to marry her because he loves her. That's enough for the judge. They're good to go and they kiss big ones as the kids run and hug them. They go outside and it's snowing and Alana notices the statue of the angel in the town square looked a whole lot like the angel from the diner. It was a season for miracles.

... Mission: Fast Wars? Impossible Fast Star? Mission Furious Wars?However you want to say in, we're ranking all the Fast & Furious, Star Wars, and Mission: Impossible movies!Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTH

Watch on Philo! - Philo.tv/DTHThe movie kicks off on Thanksgiving Day on the slopes. Some skiers are skiing and they're real good. It takes 3 minutes but they finally call it a day. It's Austin & Noelle. They're a couple and he proposes and she says yes! He promises a big holiday wedding, surrounded by family, at Riverbottom Ranch. She's like how are you gonna do that? They book out 2 years in advanced. He's like well good thing I got the Christmas day slot that was available. Cut to Austin's brother, Seth. He's really going through it. His girlfriend broke up with him and now he's just sitting on the couch in his boxers and guitar, imagining her putting up his stocking. Just then, their other brother Tom and his girlfriend Liz come in and they have big news. They're getting married too!!! What a Thanksgiving indeed! What could go wrong?Well, when Mom asks the wedding days, they both say CHRISTMAS DAY AT RIVERBOTTOM RANCH at the same time. WHOA! They figure out what happened - they both called to confirm the Wright wedding on Christmas day. But they'll make it work. two weddings, one day, what could go wrong? Well - up first, Austin & Tom argue about who gets grandma's ring. But the brides aren't letting all this nonsense get them down. They're going dress hunting, it's a whole thing. And for some reason, Seth is alway there, just looking sad and drinking champaign. Noelle is sick of the brothers fighting, so she tells them that the brothers are going on a bachelors trip so that they can stop fighting. They're also all gonna go register for wedding gifts together. The fishing trip bachelor party is a disaster because the lake that Seth picks out is no longer a lake. The electric car is out of battery. And Seth didn't even pack snakcs. They get to a bar and Seth decides to sing some karaoke to try to get over his breakup. His brothers join him to try to help him feel better but the crowd hates it. A giant fight breaks out. But that bonds them back together. They plug the car into a barn and sleep inside of it. They wake up the next day, get their tuxes on, and they rush to the ranch! When they get there, they're greeted by grandma. She gives them a gift - it's wedding bands for both of them that came from her wedding ring, melted down. It was Seth's idea. And just like that, it's wedding time. Seth walks Noelle down the aisle. And the joint wedding begins. Seth's ex is there and he sits next to her. She says she thinks there's been a misunderstanding and she grabs his hand much to Seth's joy. After the wedding, they talk and she's like I was at my internship in a remote location...you should've known that. I'd never bail on you. He's like I wrote you a song. Gotta be honest... it's an absolute bop. Everyone dances and I just can't get over how good this song was. and that's the movie!