Podcasts about IGR

Managing pests like powdery mildew, downy mildew, botrytis, and sour rot can be a complex challenge. Andy Fles, Vineyard Manager at Shady Lane Cellars in Michigan, shares insights from his USDA Sustainable Ag Research Education producer grant project. The project compares two pest management approaches: a ‘soft' pesticide program and a conventional one. Andy conducted the experiment using his on farm sprayer, providing real-world results. Despite climate variability and fluctuating pest pressures, the soft pesticide program proved effective. The project underscores the potential of using softer chemistries to manage disease while maintaining fruit quality. Resources:         REGISTER: April 25, 2025 | Fungicide Spraying: Evolving Strategies & Grower Insights 80: (Rebroadcast) The Goldilocks Principle & Powdery Mildew Management 117: Grapevine Mildew Control with UV Light 197: Managing the Sour Rot Disease Complex in Grapes 219: Intelligent Sprayers to Improve Fungicide Applications and Save Money 235: Battling Fungicide Resistance with Glove Sampling Rufus Issacson, Michigan State University Shady Lane Cellars Secures $11K National Farming Grant Timothy Miles, Michigan State University Vineyard Team Programs: Juan Nevarez Memorial Scholarship - Donate SIP Certified – Show your care for the people and planet   Sustainable Ag Expo – The premiere winegrowing event of the year Vineyard Team – Become a Member Get More Subscribe wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.   Transcript [00:00:00] Beth Vukmanic: Managing pests like powdery mildew, downy mildew, botrytis and sour rot can be a complex challenge. [00:00:10] Welcome to sustainable Wine Growing with Vineyard Team, where we bring you the latest in science and research for the wine industry. I'm Beth Vukmanic executive director. [00:00:21] In today's podcast, Craig McMillan, critical resource Manager at Niner Wine Estates. With Longtime SIP Certified Vineyard and the first ever SIP certified winery speaks with Andy Fles, vineyard Manager at Shady Lane Cellars in Michigan. Andy shares insights from his USDA Sstainable Ag Research Education Producer grant project. The project compares to pest management approaches, a soft pesticide program and a conventional one. [00:00:50] Andy conducted the experiment using his on farms sprayer, providing real world results. Despite climate variability and fluctuating pest pressures, the soft pesticide program proved effective. The project underscores the potential of using softer chemistries to manage disease while maintaining fruit quality. [00:01:10] If you'd like to learn more about this topic, then we hope you can join us on April 25th, 2025 for the fungicide spraying evolving strategies in Grower Insights tailgate taking place in San Luis Obispo, California. Dr. Shunping Ding of Cal Poly will share updated results from a study on the efficacy of different fungicide programs containing bio fungicides. [00:01:34] Then we will head out into the vineyard to learn about new technologies for integrated pest management and talk with farmers from different growing regions about their program. Now let's listen in.  [00:01:49] Craig Macmillan: Our guest today is Andy Fles. He is the vineyard manager at Shady Lane Cellars in Michigan. And today we're going to talk about a pretty cool little project. He's got going looking into two different pesticide programs. Thanks for being on the podcast, Andy. [00:02:03] Andrew Fles: Yeah, my pleasure, Craig. [00:02:05] Craig Macmillan: So you have a grant from the USDA sustainable agriculture research and education program. To look at what you call a soft pesticide program for your vineyard in Michigan and comparing it to what we would call a sustainable or sustainable conventional program. What do you define as a soft pesticide program? [00:02:25] Andrew Fles: Well, that's kinda just a, a term that we applied to identify it. I didn't want to use organic because I thought that there would be a good chance we would utilize things that are considered by the industry to be very soft in terms of you know, they're not a harsh chemical or a carcinogenic, a known carcinogenic compound. [00:02:49] But something, for example, like. Like horticultural grade peroxide, which goes by several different trade names. So that's just, it's hydrogen peroxide and it is a disinfectant that turns into water and oxygen. So it's pretty Soft in terms of what it does to beneficials and, and plants and, and such. [00:03:11] We utilize some of those products already in our spray program. But combined also with, we're probably 50 percent organic in terms of what we spray out. for fungicides, pesticides, insecticides. And so we're still altering in some synthetic compounds. [00:03:28] And we wanted to compare that, what we currently do, to something that was much softer, like only soft compounds. Something that could be considered a OMRI certified organic program, or, or almost, right? Like maybe there's just one or two things that are very soft, but not technically OMRI certified. [00:03:49] Craig Macmillan: Right, and I do want to , get into the weeds on that a little bit later. Cause it's a, it's an interesting, Set a program that you've got going and I have lots of questions about them. What inspired this project? [00:04:01] Andrew Fles: I think just that continued movement towards investigating what works here in the east. You know, we, of course, get more wetting events and, and wetting periods that cause more fungal issues here compared to the west coast. And so we really, you know, we have to have an eye on sustainability. Certainly at Shady Lane, we really push for that. [00:04:25] But we also need to make sure that we have a marketable crop. We need to make sure the wine quality is, is high and acceptable for our standards. And so you know, if we're talking about, you know, every year is quite different here. We can get a, like, for example, in 2024, very wet in the first half of the year, very, very dry in the second half. [00:04:51] And, and then, which was quite different from 23 and quite different from 22 and so on and so forth. so, so some years we need to kind of step in and use a synthetic product here at this key time or, you know we need to protect our, our, our wine grape quality. [00:05:07] Craig Macmillan: What are the primary pests and diseases in your area? [00:05:11] Andrew Fles: So we have issues with the usual suspects that powdery mildew, of course. That's, that's fairly, I think if you're on top of your game, that's, it's pretty controllable. Even with soft products here it's just a spray frequency and coverage issue. [00:05:27] Downy mildew is something that can be quite challenging in certain years. [00:05:31] And there's, and there's less tools in the toolbox to use for that as well. And so you gotta, you gotta be on top of that with scouting preventative, like canopy, you know, canopy management practices that deter too dense of a canopy or, or clusters that are. hidden behind several layers of leaf. [00:05:53] Those are going to cause problems for you no matter what you're spraying, synthetic or organic, right? So, so we try and utilize all those things and and then we, we can also have issues in some years with botrytis and even sour rot and tight clustered varieties. So, so we were looking at sour rot and botrytis in the, in the cluster analysis of this portion of the , project. [00:06:18] Yeah, we have some locations can struggle with grape erinium mite. That's becoming more and more prevalent here. Wasn't an issue four years ago. Not, not really up in, up in northern Michigan anyway. So that's becoming more and more of an issue. And then we always struggle with rose chafers. It's a, it's a grub that, you know, comes out for six weeks and really terrorizes the vines. [00:06:49] And for that, for that pest, we really walk the line of the economic damage threshold, right? So, so a little, you know, we're going to see rose chafers every year. Some years are better than others. And what is our acceptable damage, you know? And so, once we see the rose chafers really getting dense in number, and also, you know, munching on a few leaves is one thing, munching on the clusters and the shoot tips is another thing. [00:07:21] Craig Macmillan: That's what I was going to ask. Yeah, I'm unfamiliar with this this pest. It, skeletonizes leaves, but it also will attack flower clusters and, and grape clusters in the early stages of development. Is that right? [00:07:34] Andrew Fles: Pretty much all green tissue. Yeah, a bunch of shoot, shoot tips leaves are probably, you know, their preferred source, I think, but anything tender. And so if, if the timing is just right where the, the inflorescences are, are you know, just coming out when the, when the beetles hatch, then they can really go for those cluster tips and, and shoot tips. [00:07:59] While we're scouting for this pest, we not only do the, you know, the density numbers and annotate that, but we look at, you know, how many are actually eating leaves versus shoot tips and clusters. [00:08:13] Craig Macmillan: Interesting, interesting. What is the design of your project and what varieties are we talking about? And what kind of variables are you measuring and how are you measuring them? [00:08:25] Andrew Fles: this is a farmer grant as opposed to a research grant. , it's tailored to folks that want to do on, on farm trials. And we want to do. Something in a significant enough volume, you know, that, that some that it would apply, it would be more applicable in the real world. [00:08:45] So for example you know, at a university they might do this randomized plots, you know, and they're using a backpack sprayer because they're, they're applying you know, three vines here, three vines there, scattered all throughout the block. And we wanted to use the sprayer that we actually use. [00:09:04] Um, and we wanted to do a bigger sections. And so what we did was we broke it up into two acre sections and we did two acres of both the traditional, the conventional program that we normally would do here and the soft treatment. So we did two acres of each in pinot noir, two acres of each in a, in a French American hybrid called ol, and then two acres of Riesling. [00:09:33] And we wanted to look at powdery, downy, botrytis, and sour rot. [00:09:38] In certain years, we can have quite a lot of botrytis and sour rot pressure in those three varieties. Because Pinot Noir of course is tight clustered. Vignole is even tighter clustered despite having that French American disease resistance package. It, it doesn't possess that for Botrytis or Sour Rot. [00:09:58] and then of course Riesling is a, is a very, it's probably the number one variety in Michigan. And as we all know, it's susceptible to Botrytis. [00:10:08] Craig Macmillan: Yeah. Big time. [00:10:10] Nice design. Great varieties to choose. I think that was really, really smart. How are you going to quantify these different variables? How are you going to measure the damage? [00:10:18] Andrew Fles: So for Powdery and Downey we just kind of did a scouting assessment. You know, how, prevalent is the infection based on how many leaves per, per per scouting event? I think off the top of my head, it was like 25 leaves. Per block that's more, I guess, anecdotal which we, and we did see that in the Pinot Noir, it was pretty clear cut that we struggled to control Downy in the soft treatment more so than in the conventional treatment. [00:10:50] It was, it was pretty clear there. And then as far as the Botrytis and Sour Rot, so that's really where the MSU team came in with the, the Rufus Isaacs lab and Dr. Rufus Isaacs and his master's PhD candidate. They did a lot of work there and, and then also the Tim Miles lab , so basically what they did is they took 25 clusters of each treatment and they did an assessment , for of course, how many berries were infected by, by botrytis and sour rot. [00:11:25] And then they also took those clusters and they hatched them out to see how many Drosophila species were there. [00:11:33] Craig Macmillan: Oh, okay. Yeah, good. That's interesting. [00:11:36] Andrew Fles: Wing drosophila here in Michigan and so really it was just the two species of traditional vinegar fly, drosophila, and then spotted wing. They did, you know, the, the statistics on that. [00:11:50] Craig Macmillan: interesting. And this is, this is a multi year project, right? [00:11:54] Andrew Fles: This was just one year. [00:11:56] Craig Macmillan: Just one year, okay. [00:11:58] And when will you have final results? [00:12:01] Andrew Fles: I have some of those already. We're going to do like a more formal presentation at a spring meeting here, a grower meeting, that's kind of co sponsored between MSU Extension and a local non profit that promotes grape and wine production in the area. So yeah, we're going to make a presentation in April on on the results and, and kind of, we're just continuing to, coalesce and, you know, tie my spray program with wedding events and then the results that they got as well. [00:12:37] Craig Macmillan: What other kinds of outreach are you doing? You're doing the meeting and you're doing other things? [00:12:41] Andrew Fles: I haven't discussed this with with Rika Bhandari as the PhD student. I suspect that she would use this in some of her publishing, you know, whether it gets published, I don't know, it's part of her Her main focus is sour rot, so this will be included in some of her presentations. [00:13:03] But I don't know that for a fact. [00:13:06] Craig Macmillan: That's exciting to get some information that's local. It's locally based and get it out to the local community as well as the broader community. I think that's really important if you don't mind I would like to get into some of the nuts and bolts of these two programs because I found that to be very interesting And then as we go talk about How that panned out for the different pests and diseases that you saw in these trials Let's talk about the soft program first You've got a dormant oil app in May and I assume you mean that there would be like JMS stylet oil or something like that [00:13:41] Andrew Fles: I think it was called bio cover. [00:13:43] Craig Macmillan: Bio cover and that's a pretty standard practice in your area I would guess [00:13:48] Andrew Fles: It is, yeah. [00:13:49] Craig Macmillan: and then the following month in June You, uh, have copper in the mix. In both the traditional and in the soft chemistry. I'm guessing that's also a common practice in your area. Probably for downy and for powdery. [00:14:06] Andrew Fles: Yeah, the copper is is something that we've been leaning towards and getting away from some of the synthetics. Which stick better to plant surfaces, we've been migrating that way anyway, these last numerous years now and so, yeah, , there are some similarities between the two programs at times it's really those key times of pre bloom and post bloom and variation that that we've traditionally. [00:14:34] Really locked in on some of the synthetic chemistries here [00:14:37] Craig Macmillan: And then also in June you have a Serenade Opti, which would be a Subtilis based material. And I believe that's also in your conventional in July. That's pretty standard practice, and that's an OMRI certified product, I believe. [00:14:52] Andrew Fles: Yes, yeah. [00:14:53] Craig Macmillan: There's some overlap there. It looks like the Rose Chaffer comes out around this time. [00:14:59] Andrew Fles: Yeah, probably it's not in front of me, but probably mid june [00:15:04] Craig Macmillan: Yeah, that's what you have here. In the traditional you've got a, a neonic, a sale. And then in the program, there's kind of a question mark here. What did you end up using in the, in the soft program for a roast chaffer? [00:15:19] Andrew Fles: Let me find it here [00:15:21] So we used neemix 4. 5 [00:15:26] Craig Macmillan: Nemix. I'm not familiar with that. Is that a Nemo based product? [00:15:28] Andrew Fles: Yeah, it's a neem oil [00:15:30] Craig Macmillan: And then in the traditional you have a neonic, a sail. Did you see a difference in Rose Chapter damage between the two? Because this is a pretty big difference here. [00:15:39] Andrew Fles: a pretty big difference in terms of [00:15:42] Craig Macmillan: Well, the modes of action obviously are very different. [00:15:45] Andrew Fles: Oh, sure, sure. Yeah, we had a little higher a little higher prevalence of rose chafers in mostly in the Pinot Noir treatments. Not so much in the Riesling, and I think that's largely because of black location. Traditionally the Pinot Noir block is our worst, one of our worst blocks in terms of rose chaffer rose chaffers are these beetles. [00:16:09] Of course, they're very similar to Japanese beetles for those listeners that, that may know that, but they really thrive in sandy soil, which is what we specialize here in northern Michigan, sandy based soil, right? [00:16:22] , and especially in un mowed fields. Right? We've really been trying to manage , our headland spaces like a prairie even more so upon joining SIP and, and learning more about making a comprehensive farm plan of, Of all of the land, right? And so we've really managed our, headlands and open fields like prairies which means minimal mowing, [00:16:47] like once a year is what we, we just mow to keep the autumn olive out. And and so we're trying to promote, you know, bird life and, and. All forms of life in these fields, which includes and sometimes an increase in rose chafers. [00:17:03] However, this 2024 was, was a. Fairly low pressure year. [00:17:09] And so I was very comfortable with, with sticking with this the soft insecticide. And we didn't feel like, you know, even though we saw this, this increase in pressure in the soft treatment, it wasn't surpassing the economic damage threshold that we are really keen. [00:17:27] And right. IPM [00:17:29] Craig Macmillan: So, true IPM. [00:17:31] Andrew Fles: IPM is very important, here, you know, where we have all these insects and it rains a lot and, you know, you got to really. Be ready to to, to scout and then react. [00:17:41] Craig Macmillan: Exactly. Yeah. And knowing what your economic injury limit is, I think it's huge. And your action threshold based on that. Tell me a little bit about the Spinosad based products. You have a couple in the soft that I assume are meant to be insecticides. [00:17:55] Andrew Fles: Yeah. The delegate. Yup. [00:17:56] Craig Macmillan: Yeah, Delegator and Trust. [00:17:59] Andrew Fles: I'll talk a little bit about intrepid as well. That's probably a foreign thing for any, any West coast listener, but that's intrepid is a it's a molting regulator and it's essentially for, in this case, for grapes, it's for grape berry moth. And this is an insect that is very difficult to do IPM on because there's a, there's kind of a morph that lives in northern Michigan that doesn't Go for the traps and so you can put traps out and it you just have no idea what's going on Because they just don't really care for the pheromones so they're really almost impossible to trap and I've talked numerous time with dr Rufus Isaacs about this and how do we you know get a handle on populations and you know They just can't get their traps to work up here. [00:18:50] We target with the intrepid, it's a, again, it's a molting regulator, so it just prevents them from developing, and it's very specific it's not a broad spectrum, so that goes on as a preventative where we have blocks near the woods, [00:19:05] because we see great berry moth coming in from wild, wild vines [00:19:10] that may or may not be in the woods, but we Where we see larva hatching is, is just kind of a perimeter. [00:19:16] So what we'll actually do is a perimeter spray. We don't even spray the whole block. We'll spray the outside row or two or three of each end. And then we just kind of blast it in. Along the, the other, you know, along the posts, the end posts. And that seems to work fairly well. [00:19:34] Craig Macmillan: Huh. [00:19:35] Andrew Fles: And then, as far as Delegate goes and Entrust those are Spinoza based products like you mentioned. [00:19:42] Those are primarily, you'll see that we put them on, well, I don't know if you can see timing, but we put them on. in September. Yeah, at the end of the season. September. [00:19:53] Yeah. Yeah. So, so those go on right around or right before even version and that is for drosophila [00:20:01] I think there's been some research recently from Cornell and then also Brock University in Canada. And I know also that Tim and Rufus have been doing trials here in Michigan as well. between the three of us out here in the, in the Northeast we're very focused on sour rot. [00:20:19] And so Michigan State along with these other folks have done these trials where they found that including an insecticide at veraison or, and then also at about 15 bricks significantly reduces sour rot infections. And that's because you're going after one of the vectors. [00:20:39] Craig Macmillan: Interesting. There's another material that I wasn't familiar with. I did a little bit of research on it. That's a product called Jet Ag, which is a hydrogen peroxide, a peracetic acid material. You have that in both the soft chemistry and your quote unquote conventional section. Is that a material you've used for a long time? [00:20:57] Andrew Fles: Yeah, we, I forget when exactly it started coming around I think probably 2015, 16 is when it was maybe released or made its way to northern Michigan and kind of coincided with with some sour rot. Issues that we have had off and on over the years with Pinot Noir or Vignole. And it's a, you know, it's a strong hydrogen peroxide. [00:21:23] It's a heavy oxidizer. It goes in and it, it, it cleans everything up. You know, it disinfects. And there's, there's some thinking as well that it, it'll kill the yeast. And some of those yeasts, the aroma is very attractive to spotted wing drosophila and regular drosophila. And so if you're, if you're kind of this is probably something that, that people, you know, that rely on native ferments might not want to hear, but you know, it really, it really disinfects the fruit which, which is key for You know, controlling sour rot. [00:21:59] And so we've used that over the years as both a preventative and a curative treatment. [00:22:05] Craig Macmillan: Right. [00:22:06] Andrew Fles: I didn't actually end up using it this year because It essentially stopped raining it was almost west coast ian here in the fall. It stopped raining in August and it didn't rain again. [00:22:19] You know, I mean, aside from like just a, you know, very, very light mist that wouldn't even penetrate the soil deeper than a centimeter. You know, so we didn't get any appreciable rain. From, I think it was maybe August 5 or 10, all the way till November 31st, or sorry, October 31st. [00:22:39] Craig Macmillan: Actually, that raises a good question. So, what is the summer precipitation like, quote unquote, in a normal year or an average year? [00:22:48] Andrew Fles: Yeah, we've been having, [00:22:49] Craig Macmillan: is it? [00:22:52] Andrew Fles: it's so variable is the, you know, we keep coming back to that. Every season is different here and it's so true even in Northern Michigan we have seen climate change affecting our summer rainfalls. So, whereas, you know, traditionally, and I say traditionally as maybe like the 80s and 90s maybe even early 2000s, you would expect to see, you know, a good four to eight inches a month. [00:23:20] you know, less, less so in, you know, in July and August is walking that more like four inch. Four inches of precipitation and you can get that sometimes in two different days [00:23:33] Craig Macmillan: Wow. [00:23:34] Andrew Fles: And that could be all or it could be spread out, you know over over several 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 different events. we had a dry June a couple years ago, I think we, I think it rained two days and amount to much. [00:23:50] And 2023, all of May we had, it rained one day. It was very dry. And so it's really been a roller coaster here in terms of what to expect as far as precipitation comes, I mean during the growing season anyway. [00:24:08] Craig Macmillan: Mm hmm. [00:24:09] Andrew Fles: It's been a challenge to know, you kind of have to have all these tools ready, right? [00:24:13] You have to have your jet ag ready. [00:24:15] If you get a bunch of infections going you got to have some of these other products ready and just , be ready for anything essentially. [00:24:24] Craig Macmillan: That, I'm just kind of reeling, I'm from California, and so like four to eight inches of rain during the growing season, it sounds like a fungal disease disaster to me. I'm impressed that you can get a crop, a vinifera crop to, to harvest with those kind of conditions. [00:24:39] Let's talk about the sustainable conventional program a little bit. Again copper appears early which would make sense. Then the insecticide portion would be a sale. It's a neonicotinoid, and then you've got a couple of fungicides in here. [00:24:55] You've got sulfur, and you've got a boscalid. Then in July again you've got a subtilis, that's serenadopty, and the, the intrepid, the IGR. August, you've got another neonic rally, and then you've got a product called ranman, or ranman. Which is a Sazofenamide, again, traditional fungicide. And then Inspire Supert, verasion, very common. And then you've got the the JetAg and Delegate, which is an antispinosid based product. When I look at this, I see a lot of very safe, very smart, very rotated fungicide chemistries here. Was this the kind of program you were using previously? [00:25:34] Andrew Fles: Yeah. And you know, it always can change a little bit. Sometimes you can't get a certain product or you can't get it in time. [00:25:42] Uh, whereas, you know, you, you're planning to use X product for your, for your kind of like You know, your, your pea sized berry spray, let's say but you, all of a sudden you have a bunch of rainfall, you know, and, and so if I was planning to use Quintech, which only covers powdery all of a sudden I have this big wedding event that was just perfect for growing downy mildew I I might switch from Quintech to and vice versa, you know, if we're, if we're into some weather, that's really favorable, it's time to push more of those serenades and you know, we've used some of the other biologicals over the years as well and, and just trying, trying to go that way as much as possible, but, you know, sometimes the weather forces your hand, like, like it did this year, you'll see in my, In my program we went into some Randman and some [00:26:35] Zampro, and those are those are very specific to to downy mildew. [00:26:41] You know, but we're still, with those products, you know, they're more expensive than something like Kaptan, you know. We Can't spray that with sip and we didn't spray it before because we don't want it on our fingers [00:26:56] The vineyard you and I don't want it in our lives So so we're always trying to go the ran man route, even though it's a little pricier, but it's very Target specific for Downey and so, you know with all the rains that we had in June and July and early July we felt like the smart play and we did start seeing some downy mildew cropping up much earlier than normal. [00:27:21] If, if we see it at all, that is. in that, at that point you want to make the call, you know, Hey, I want to get out in front of this thing. I don't want downy on my fruit. You know, if you start seeing it on growing tips, I think it was the 4th of July or the 2nd of July or something we were scouting and we were getting a lot of rain at that point and it was very humid and it was just like rain every other day for about a week there and it's like you gotta pivot and, and make the move to something that's really going to provide. control there. [00:27:52] For the soft program at that point, we were trying to use, I believe we use serenade, you know, which is more broad spectrum as far as biologicals go. We knew we wanted to keep it going after the, , the Downey with the soft chemistry. And that's why we got into the orange oil as well. [00:28:10] Craig Macmillan: Oh, interesting. [00:28:11] Andrew Fles: to, Yeah, that's, that wasn't in the proposal that I sent you, but we did pivot. I couldn't get. The cinerate it was, I was told it was on the West coast, growers were hoarding it and none of it, none of it made it over this way. I was really hoping to get my hands on some of it. [00:28:28] I've already pre ordered my 2025 cinerate. [00:28:32] Craig Macmillan: And Cinerate is a cinnamon oil based product, right? [00:28:36] Andrew Fles: Correct. Yeah. Cinnamon oil. oil. Yeah, it's another oil. [00:28:39] Yeah. Yeah. It's another one of those kind of antimicrobial oils, if you will. Um, So we pivoted to, to orange oil and thyme oil. TimeGuard has been, is a product that's been out for a number of years now. We've used it before, , we haven't really relied on it as much in the past. As, as we did with this soft treatment. [00:28:59] Craig Macmillan: Tell me a little bit more about what the outcomes have been at this point. We talked about the the pinot noir a little bit. We talked about the Rose Shafter showing up there a little bit more. At, at the end of the day, the end of the season. How did you feel about it? How did you feel about comparing the two [00:29:15] Andrew Fles: you know, it felt, it felt really good. It seemed like the soft program kept pace with the conventional for the most part. In the Pinot Noir, we had we had some more rose chaffer damage, of course, but without doing a, a full on research trial, it's hard to say that it was the treatment alone because of, as I mentioned, the location was a big factor. [00:29:38] With the downy mildew, it seemed to be a little more prevalent, certainly in the Pinot Noir on the, on the soft program that is but it never got to the point and I was, I was always ready to go in with whatever I needed to, because we don't want to have a defoliation and not being able to ripen fruit, you know, the fruit and, and especially in such a great growing year. [00:30:01] we never really resorted to. You know, breaking the glass and, and grabbing the ax and running out there and like, and it was emergency, you know, we never, we never had to do that. There was a moment there in July where, you know, where would the downy pressure we thought maybe. [00:30:19] Maybe we would have to abandon it, but then things dried up and we kept after things with with some of these, these things like thyme oil and orange oil. Getting good coverage with them is so important. But getting those on at the right time really seemed to provide enough control. [00:30:37] Craig Macmillan: Actually that's a, that's an excellent point. Let's talk about the phenology a little bit. How, for the varieties that you're growing, how big are these canopies getting? What's the spacing that they're planted on? How many gallons per acre are you using in your spray applications to get good coverage? [00:30:54] Andrew Fles: Yeah, so for the purpose of the project I stuck with 50 gallons an acre throughout the season. Which even, even for the conventional portion, traditionally I'll, I'll start with 30 gallons an acre aside from the dormant spray, of course, but like, you know, early season sprays until the canopy becomes a little denser, , I'll be at 30 gallons an acre and then probably mid July post bloom, right around bloom, perhaps , we'll ramp up the conventional to 50 gallons as well. [00:31:26] For the purposes of this, we just did 50 gallons across the board, both treatments. a lot of the canopy is well, it's really all VSP except for the vignole. Vignole is high wire cordone. And then we're talking nine by five spacing. The vinifera as well, which is pretty common around here. Double geo some spur pruning. We've really developed a kind of a hybrid system where we do a little bit of, we kind of mix cane and spur , , and alternate those in, in some of our venefera programs. [00:31:57] Craig Macmillan: And in, on the same plant? [00:31:59] Andrew Fles: Yeah. Sometimes. [00:32:01] Yeah. [00:32:01] Craig Macmillan: one side, gator the other. [00:32:03] Andrew Fles: What that does for us you know, where we get. Or we can at least, you know, and we can, sometimes we can lose a whole cane , or a lot of buds. I don't want to get too in the weeds on, on what that system is, but, but it's really developed around being able to quickly replace and adapt to cold damage. [00:32:24] And so if we need to go in and cut a trunk out, we've already got a cane growing from down low, if that makes any sense. [00:32:31] Craig Macmillan: No, that does make sense. And it's a practice that I'm familiar with from other areas in the Midwest, the North, the Northeast. Very, very smart. But that's a very different canopy architecture than you might find someplace that's all VSP. Or, you know, a double canopy situation maybe like in New York. [00:32:48] How comfortable are you now? After going through this, it sounds like you liked the softer program, you feel you got good control on most things. But if I'm understanding you correctly, you're not afraid to keep some other, other tools in the toolbox, basically. [00:33:05] Andrew Fles: Right. Yeah. And I think a big purpose of this program was to investigate some of these products. I want to highlight Problad Verde as well. [00:33:14] That's. Another one that's been out there and we've used it before as well. You know, I did a trial with Tim Miles's lab on and Rufus doing a sour rot trial in Pinot Noir in the past with pro, and it was just kind of a end of the season application of Problad with I believe we use delegate or in trust. [00:33:34] I can't remember. One of them and, this project, the SARE project was really looking at problad as being more of the backbone , of it. And, and so we ended up using that for the soft treatment pre bloom, post bloom. And then again, at version, because it has similar to jet egg, it's kind of a disinfectant, right? [00:33:57] It's this lupine seed extract that, that is a. That is a disinfectant and so it's going to go in, but because it, it's advertised anyway as having some systemic activity, [00:34:09] Craig Macmillan: Mm [00:34:10] Andrew Fles: systemic properties, that's, that's key for us in the east here. Because, hey, if we get a half inch of rain, well, it's still kind of in the leaf or it's still in some of that green flower tissue. [00:34:24] Before it opens up and blooms and so, really working problad in as instead of a kind of just end of the season toy it's really became, became the backbone of the tritus control for us in this, in this trial. And then again, looking at some of these oils, I think there's a lot of promise for. the orange oil in particular, I've, I've been seeing more and more research coming out about how you know, it does work on Downy and we did see that you know, even though we had an increase in Downy infection man, it could have been a lot worse. It was still at an acceptable level. [00:35:02] And so I think, I think I'm going to feel more and more comfortable using those products. [00:35:07] Craig Macmillan: You've demonstrated to yourself. And that's what the, that's how it works, and that's what everybody needs, to have some confidence. Which I think is really great, I was very impressed by the idea of trying things that maybe are not widely used, were not widely tested outside of maybe the West Coast, and to be able to show efficacy on your property, I think is really important. [00:35:27] I think it's one thing many of us have learned about softer materials. They may or may not work depending on what your pressure is. And that can vary region to region, but it can also vary within a region. It definitely can vary year to year, so having that flexibility that you've built into this program is very admirable. What would you say are the big picture benefits of the soft pesticide program at this point? [00:35:48] Andrew Fles: Hopefully just to increase awareness of, of how they can be effective for folks here in Michigan or, or similar climates, New York and Canada, I should say I don't think , this SARE project alone is, is going to be any sort of groundbreaking news, but I think it's just another verification and if we start to have more and more of them people will believe more and more in these products because it's just, it's at that point, it's word of mouth, right? [00:36:21] It's more and more growers are starting to back it. And, or experiment with it at least and, and see results, I think a lot of growers are very word of mouth oriented anyway. [00:36:34] So, uh, so it's very important, like, Oh, Hey, what did you try last year? And I think there's plenty of that going on in our area. [00:36:42] A bunch of us anyway, we seem to network pretty well and, and trust each other. , Oh, I use this at this key time and it really proved effective. So I think just bringing more and more awareness to these soft programs or these soft products, I should say. , and I can't really speak to the sustainability of. Farming lupin seed for for a fungicide product, you know, I can't, speak to that, but I want to believe that it's, it's a more sustainable product than, you know something that was made in a factory and, and might have petrochemicals in it. [00:37:19] Craig Macmillan: Well, it might have resistance issues as well, I think is one of the key things. And by the way, both programs I thought were very intelligent. I think like in terms of the frack rotations in the sustainable one, I thought that was really well done. Is, is there one thing that you would tell growers? [00:37:35] What's the one takeaway you would tell people from this project? You just kind of touched on one, but is there a message here for people? [00:37:43] Andrew Fles: I think the message is, you know, that we have to be really careful in crafting our. Spray program to the season that we have. If we were getting A lot more rain in September than what we ended up having I mean, we were, we were in pretty severe drought here. I think the soft program could still work. [00:38:03] But you have to choose the product and probably apply it much more frequently. You know, you have to go in and respond to those rains. , or even maybe perhaps be ready to pivot to something that is synthetic and systemic and curative. You know, maybe you have to go in with a hammer, but that doesn't mean that, you know, the majority of this growing season can't be done in a very soft way. [00:38:30] And so we're really just responding to that weather. But I think if this is our focus , to use these softer chemistries on things that we're going to drink or eat, even if it's vegetables, I think that these products are becoming better and better and there's becoming more and more of them, which is really encouraging to see you know, 10 years ago, maybe we had serenade and And you know, a couple of other products, but now, now there's, they're really becoming prevalent. [00:38:58] And so I think the take home is, is crafting that spray program with these new found tools that we have. Problads, , your crop, , your what, what should I call them? Like your aromatic oils, lack of better term, like orange oil, thyme oil, cinnamon oil. You know, I think these things do have a place. [00:39:17] Craig Macmillan: Where can people find out more about you? [00:39:19] Andrew Fles: Well, they can visit ShadyLaneCellers. com and there's stuff in there about our farm and in what we do and where we are, who we are a little bit. And then also there will be, and I could get you this information if you're interested, so this spring meeting where we're going to present the results of this believe we'll have a Zoom link option. [00:39:43] Craig Macmillan: As a reference date, this is being recorded in February of 2025. And so spring meeting will be coming up in a few months from here. I'm not sure when this will air, but even anything is fantastic. So I really want to thank you for being on the episode. Our guest today was Andy Fless, he's Vineyard Manager at Shadyland Cellars and you've been a great guest. Hey, thanks for being on the podcast. [00:40:03] Andrew Fles: My pleasure, Craig. Thanks a lot for having me. [00:40:08] Beth Vukmanic: Thank you for listening. Today's podcast was brought to you by Martinez Orchards. Martinez Orchards is one of the most trusted and respected names in the nursery business. They have earned that reputation through years of hard work, honesty, integrity, and a commitment to their customers. They provide support with their knowledgeable salespeople and highly experienced production team. They know successful plantings allow them to fulfill their promises, and they strive to build lasting relationships with their customers based on a foundation of mutual steadfast trust. [00:40:40] Make sure you check out the show notes for links to Andy at Shady Lane Plus. Sustainable wine Growing podcast episodes 117. Grapevine Mildew Control with UV Light 219 Intelligent sprayers to improve fungicide applications and save money. And 235, battling fungicide resistance with glove sampling. [00:41:03] If you liked this show, do us a big favor by sharing it with a friend, subscribing and leaving us a review. You can find all of the podcasts@vineyardteam.org slash podcast and you can reach us at podcast@vineyardteam.org. [00:41:16] Until next time, this is Sustainable Wine Growing with the Vineyard team.   Nearly perfect transcription by Descript

På en måde er Grønland og Danmark allerede gået hver til sit. Nemlig i den debat, der raser efter at Donald Trump har vist interesse for at eje Grønland. Begge steder bliver ordet ’selvstændighed’ selvfølgelig brugt flittigt. Alligevel skulle man næsten tro, at der ikke bare var tale om to forskellige debatter, men snarere om to forskellige verdener. I Grønland handler det ikke mindst om at sætte ord på den smerte, de overgreb og den forskelsbehandling, Danmark gennem tiden har udsat grønlændere for. I Danmark er vi mere optaget af den usikre fremtid, rigsfællesskabet går i møde, hvis Donald Trump sætter handling bag sine ord. Når altså ikke det hele lige pludselig handler om lødigheden af en bestemt DR-dokumentar. Og selv vreden over den retter sig i to forskellige retninger i Grønland og i Danmark. Dagens gæst i ’Du lytter til Politiken’ er Politikens Emilie Stein, som er i Grønland, hvor hun både har mødt nogen, der synes, at danskernes er ved at drive grønlænderne fra sig med deres uvilje til at indrømme deres historiske fejl. Og en politisk veteran, som er bange for, at de unge i ren og skær selvstændighedsrus er i gang med at underminere årtiers hårdt tilkæmpede fremskridt.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Ugens Radio Information besøger den nye lufthavn i Nuuk, sørger over, at markedet ikke klarede klimakrisen og hygger sig forbeholdent over DR's nye julekalender   De grønne aktier tog et ordentligt dyk, da det stod klart, at Donald Trump havde vundet det amerikanske præsidentvalg. Men krisen for det grønne marked er langt større end Trumps frackingbegejstring – og det startede langt tidligere. Faktisk var mange grønne energiaktier og -virksomheder i problemer allerede inden valget i USA.  Bag ved de hurtige penge gemmer sig en større historie om et marked, der først blev pustet op og siden punkterede, og om grønne virksomheder, der er fanget i et krydspres fra et politisk klima i forandring og en ny økonomisk virkelighed med stigende priser og højere renter. Villads Andersen fortæller. I Grønland er der håb for en anden branche: Den turisme, mange håber vil følge af, at Nuuk i denne uge fik en transatlantisk lufthavn, som betyder, at man om lidt kan flyve direkte fra New York til den grønlandske hovedstad. Men lufthavnen kan samtidig blive en gamechanger på de helt store linjer og få betydning for det dansk-grønlandske forhold. Verdens største ø har åbnet sig mod verden – eller måske bare mod USA? Nicolas Adserballe er i studiet. Og så er det jo næsten blevet december, og for en del af os med børn eller børnebørn i den alder betyder dét jo julekalendertid. I år er det DR, der lancerer en nyproduceret en af slagsen. Tidsrejsen 2, hedder den – og vores anmelder Lone Nikolajsen synes, at det er en virkelig god historie med sjove indfald. Hun ville bare ønske, hun selv kunne sætte sig i en tidsmaskine, så hun kunne have rådet manuskriptforfatterne til at sænke tempoet bare en anelse, så vi faktisk kunne mærke, hvad vores hovedperson har på spil. 

If you are dealing with vine mealybug in your vineyard, you are not alone. Kent Daane, Cooperative Extension Specialist at the University of California Berkley studies different types of mealybug populations across the globe. Kent covers organic and conventional strategies, ways to increase the presence of generalist and specialist natural predators, and the importance of establishing refugia for beneficials. His latest work focuses on area-wide management tactics. Looking to the European Grapevine Moth eradication program as an example, Kent sees an opportunity to decrease vine mealybug populations through neighborhood driven monitoring, trapping, coordinated sprays, and mating disruption. Resources:         119: Vine Mealybug 101: Species Identification, Lifecycle, and Scouting to Create an IPM Program 130: The Biological Control of Vine Mealybug Using Mealybug Destroyers and Anagyrus Wasps Biology and management of mealybugs in vineyards Ecology and management of grapevine leafroll disease Impacts of Argentine ants on mealybugs and their natural enemies in California's coastal vineyards Insecticides for a mealybug and a carpenter moth on vine trunks, 2023 In-season drip and foliar insecticides for a mealybug in grapes, 2023 In-Season Drip and Foliar Insecticides for a Mealybug in Grapes, 2021 Kent Daane Mealybug transmission of grapevine leafroll viruses: an analysis of virus–vector specificity Sustainable Control tools for Vine Mealybug UCCE Napa Viticulture Extension Leaf Hopper site Vineyard managers and researchers seek sustainable solutions for mealybugs, a changing pest complex Vineyard Team Programs: Juan Nevarez Memorial Scholarship - Donate SIP Certified – Show your care for the people and planet   Sustainable Ag Expo – The premiere winegrowing event of the year Sustainable Winegrowing On-Demand (Western SARE) – Learn at your own pace Vineyard Team – Become a Member Get More Subscribe wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.   Transcript [00:00:00] Craig Macmillan: Welcome to Sustainable Wine Growing with Vineyard Team. Our guest today is Kent Daane. He is a Cooperative Extension Specialist with the University of California, Berkeley, and he works primarily out of the Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center. And today we're going to talk about a number of topics. Thanks for being on the podcast, Kent. [00:00:17] Kent Daane: Craig, thanks. I'm happy to be here. [00:00:20] Craig Macmillan: Let's dive in on one pest that everybody's interested in, continuing to be interested in, and you may have some new insights or newer insights on this. Let's start with mealybug management. Kind of what's the state of the art in that topic right now? [00:00:33] Kent Daane: Yeah, that's been the number one question I've been getting for many, many years now. It is an invasive pest. We know it came in, probably being brought in by a grower down in Coachella Valley. It has since spread into the San Joaquin Valley, Central Coast area where you are, Napa Sonoma, and it's been found now in Oregon. Just like Napa, Oregon has attempted an eradication program. And probably just like Napa, most likely it's not going to work. It's a very, very difficult insect to kill 100%. I mean, I can come up with all kinds of different programs, soft programs, hard programs, expensive programs, inexpensive programs, where I can suppress that insect pest. It's very difficult to remove it from a vineyard. And that becomes important when you think about the kinds of damage we're worried about in Central Coast wine grapes. Pretty much anywhere where they're looking at grape quality. But especially in the cooler regions. So, this insect, this mealybug, is one of many mealybug species. that is a vector of grape leaf roll associated viruses. And this is the primary reason it grows to such high pest status. So for the most part, the growers can knock its levels down far enough that it's not in the grape clusters or it's rarely found in the grape clusters. That's more of an issue for table grape growers. It's a cosmetic pest. When you look at some of the Regions in the San Joaquin Valley where they're growing a lot of table grapes Kern, Tulare, Kings, Fresno, counties, there's enough heat accumulation and these grapes are harvested early enough in the season that they can still build up their Brix. They can still get a very good grape to market. Even when there's some vinely bug on the vine, they just don't tend to be as impacted by this leaf roll pathogen as our wine grapes. When you get into regions like San Luis Obispo, Napa, Monterey, Oregon, where they really are trying to hold those grapes on the vine for a longer period of time, trying to build up the bricks levels. That's where this. pathogen causes so much damage. [00:03:06] Craig Macmillan: most of our growers are already going to be familiar with this, but what kind of damage does the vine mealybug cause? It's so, so terrible. [00:03:12] Kent Daane: So the vine mealybug, besides being a vector of this pathogen, is also a direct pest of the grapevine. It can feed on the roots, on the trunk, on the leaves, and in the fruit. When this first hit California, we were working on it primarily as a San Joaquin Valley pest. growers that were putting on, you know, the products of the day dimethylate, lanate. If they were missing , the, target window where that pest was exposed, we would see thousands and thousands of mealybugs, not just per vine, but sometimes a thousand millibugs per leaf. It was causing defoliation. It was causing the berries to raisin on the vine. In South Africa, populations were getting so heavy. It was killing the vines themselves. How many people out there 20, 30 years ago were spraying so many neonics as we're saying today? We weren't doing that. now really, we were spraying for leaf hoppers as our number one pests followed by mites in case there was a flare up. It changed what we were doing in terms of pest management. In fact there's a group of us working internationally. Not just on the vine mealybug, but other mealybug species, because we've seen vine mealybug, grape mealybug, citrus mealybug, all becoming more problematic over the last decade. And we're, asking that question, why? What has gone on? And one of the thoughts we've got, not yet shown, but one idea is that we just sprayed so many of these, these newer chemicals that the mealybugs are developing resistance, The natural enemies are not, and we're seeing an escape of some of these mealybug species in now a, to them, a pesticide lessened environment. [00:05:10] Craig Macmillan: speaking of biological control, so this is an invasive pest, came from outside the U. S. That's the kinda the classical biological control problem. the pest comes, but its natural enemies don't come with it. there are some natural enemies of vine mealybug in the United States. [00:05:24] Kent Daane: Yes, they are, and I don't want to go too deep in the weeds on this, but this is new, very exciting to me. I did an importation program, that's a classic biocontrol program, where we go to the pests, origin, we look for natural enemies and we bring those back to the United States. Growers can't do that. It's got to go into quarantine. We have to study those natural enemies. Sometimes for years to make sure that they're not going to do any harm. The classic example people think about is I've got a problem with rats. And so I bring in a weasel, the weasel kills all the rats, and then starts going after my chickens. We don't do that anymore. Classic biocontrol is now much more modern. We've got all kinds of protective barriers against making a mistake. In fact, I think that we've gone a little bit too far. I think we're overly cautious. Bringing this back to the Vine melaybug, I imported material from Europe, from Israel, from Egypt, and from South Africa. We were finding mostly the same species in most of these different regions. The two most important species at that time were called Anagyrus pseudococci, which is The well known parasitoid that you can purchase from insectaries. The other one is Coxydoxinoides peregrinus, no common name on these insects. Both are established in California. When I did this work, we noticed a difference between the anagyrus near species Pseudococci that we were getting in Sicily and Spain with the material that we were getting that had already been established from Israel and what we're finding in northern Italy. Working with a taxonomist, Sergei Trapitsin he found some significant differences between these. And later on after both were imported in the United States determined that these were two species, one still Anagyrus pseudocoxi and one Anagyrus vladimiri. So sometimes you'll see insectaries selling Anagyrus vladimiri and you think, Oh, I want that. That's different. It is different, but both are established in California. We're actually going to do a followup study. now in collaboration with this international group to find out what we've got in California. I suspect we've got both. Now, why is this exciting? Because at the time we were doing this work, we felt like the parasites were different, and we felt that these different groups that we were importing, maybe one had co evolved with the citrus mealybug, And the other with the vine mealybug. And we had already done some work with the vine mealybug, molecular work, looking at its relationship to each other around the world. and their names are, scientific names would be citrus mealybug, planococcus citri. Vine mealybug, we knew as planococcus ficus, which means, Ficus tree, fig tree. And we were showing that this group was, they had an outlier and ours was the outlier. And then working with this international group, they said, look, back in the fifties, there was a planococcus vitis. And I think what you've got, what we've got on vines, is the vine mealybug. But not in Iran and Iraq at that time. And, and maybe in that Mediterranean region Israel, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Turkey the Mesopotamian region, I think is what it is. Maybe there are some parasites there that we didn't have. Certainly, my colleague in Egypt and more parasites than we were finding in Europe. We just weren't able to get them all to establish in colony in quarantine. So it opens up the window that, that maybe there's something still out there. At this point in time, I say in all the countries where vine mealybug is reported as a problem, that's most of Europe Mexico, South America South Africa. We have the best of those parasites. We just want to delve deeper into what are we seeing in Turkey? How does that match up with what we know is in Egypt? And I do have colleagues in Iran. It's just harder for me to go there. [00:10:09] Craig Macmillan: right, of course. so this makes me think, is it possible that we have mixed populations of these mealybugs in California on the same plant, so it's different areas? [00:10:17] Kent Daane: So that's the project we're working on with this international group. What we decided to do in a three part approach is to first find out what everyone's got. The assumption is that in South America, In the United States, North America, we have got single invasion events. Our guess is that it arrived in the U S in Coachella and Mexico at the same time. We're pretty sure that the population they have in Peru is from California Yeah, they were bringing nursery wood in and lo and behold, they found vine mealybug. We went down to look at a nomatode problem to be honest with some UC California researchers. And we found that they had some mite problems at the same mites that we've got in North American California. So they were probably not being very cautious in what they were importing. So we're assuming that South America's got this California group which came from Israel. We know Israel and Egypt have something very similar, but it's different than most of Europe. South Africa is similar to Portugal and Spain, which makes sense with the trade routes that were going on in the 1960s. What we're guessing is that The European groups, there probably are, there's reported failures of vine mealybug mating disruption in some European areas. And we think that probably is this other mealybug that is probably in Turkey. So it's all very exciting to me, kind of delving deeper into the weeds on this. But the first part of this international group, again, a great group of people, Europe, South America our first part is what do we all have? Our second part is what we're doing a grower survey that we actually sent to the vineyard team and they spread out to some growers as well. What are, what are growers using to control the mealybug? Because maybe with some of the, we find out what it is and maybe growers are working harder to control our vine mealybug than say that the fig millebug which appears to be what they've got in most of Europe. Remember when I started the foreign exploration when I was in Spain growers would tell me yeah we've got the vine millebug but it really is not much of a pest. Citrus millebug on vines is more of a pest. Well they probably have that fig mealybug but [00:13:01] Craig Macmillan: Ah, [00:13:01] Kent Daane: You know, taxonomically, it looked to us like the vine mealybug.And I hope I'm not throwing all these things out and it's confusing. So, second part, that is, the survey. What do you have and what are you using to control it? And if it matches up that, yeah, what we've got is the one that's more difficult, that fills in a lot of boxes. Third and fourth part are now looking at the natural controls. What parasites are you getting coming off of this? What parasites are in your region? And how do they respond to the pheromones that we know are out there? So if they're not, if they're responding to both citrus and vine, maybe that's an indication that it's this other group. If they're not responding at all, or weakly, yeah, we've, we've got three or more distinct species. And we can't tell them apart, but maybe the parasites can. [00:13:56] Craig Macmillan: this is kind of a practical question. hoW do you monitor parasitic wasps? They're tiny. They live in refugia. They then come out and plant their eggs in their host. that seems like a really hard thing to do. [00:14:10] Kent Daane: That's an absolute fantastic question. So let's look at that most common parasite, Antigyrus Pseudococci slash Vladimiri. So what we found over the years is that it does a great job on mealybugs that are exposed in the fruit, on the leaves, on the cane. By the end of the season, if you're not putting on a lot of contact chemicals, you're getting greater than 40 percent parasitism. Very easy to see, [00:14:43] Craig Macmillan: Right. [00:14:43] Kent Daane: doesn't do very well against the mealybugs under the bark, because it's got this searching behavior where it's got to get on top of the mealybug, determine how big it is, do I want to put a an egg that's not fertilized in that, which would be a male, and they need smaller mealybugs for that. Do I want to put an egg which is fertilized? In that, that will become a female parasite that needs larger host. [00:15:09] Craig Macmillan: the same insect, the same parasite has the ability to do either. [00:15:13] Kent Daane: Yes. [00:15:15] Craig Macmillan: Wow. [00:15:15] Kent Daane: again, this is really a neat subject and I hope I don't bore the audience too much. But, a lot of these parasites that become important for mealybugs they have this little sac, so you've got your oviduct going to your ovarioles, in the female. And right around the oviduct area, before it splits into the two ovarioles, you've got this little sac called the spermatheca. unlike humans, where the sperm goes in and Seeks out the eggs and fertilizes it. The sperm go in and the female parasite stores them in the spermatheca. And then as the eggs are mature and ready to go down, oviduct and get ready to be oviposited into the mealybug, the female decides to fertilize the egg or not fertilize it. And if it's fertilized, it becomes a female. If it's not fertilized, it becomes a male. And that allows her to determine what the host size is, because the females are bigger than the males. And so she will walk up and down. and size that mealybug and say that this, this mealybug is a good enough size that this is worthy for me to put a fertilized egg in and that will become a female. Or a second in store mealybug, she'll say, this really isn't that good of a mealybug host. So I'm going to put An unfertilized egg, and that will become a male. And that was, going back to this Anagyrus Vladimiri versus Pseudococci, that was the most important difference that we found in this Sicilian and Spanish group of Anagyrus, was that they would oviposit and put females in smaller hosts than the male. earlier parasite which probably evolved on the citrus mealybug. So going back to this question because I do go off on different tangents. How do you sample for these things? So it's really easy to find a mummified mealybug on a leaf. But remember what we're doing. We're spraying now a lot of Movento and we're spraying a lot of the Neonics regardless of its Admire, Platinum, or generic derivative. They're all good materials. and maybe you're putting on an IGR like a plot, again, all good materials, Assail, all good materials. What they tend to do is work really good against the mealy bug, which is exposed on the leaves. Our systemic materials are really good at going out to the leaves. Our contact materials, our IGRs, the neonics, that are contacts kill the mealybug that's exposed. All of these materials do less of a good job with the mealybug underneath the bark. we're not getting a true indication of what these parasites can do because we're killing the host that's the best location for them to attack. So that means to really find out what's going on, you got to strip bark oftentimes. So now you're looking at parasitism in that region of the vine that the parasite doesn't like to be. Now, if we add to this, this other good parasite, which is the coccidoxoenoides peregrinus, we really liked to bring this in because it attacks the very, very small stages of the mealybug, the first and the second instar. It's sometimes a small third, but really it's focused on the second instar. [00:19:05] Craig Macmillan: Got it. [00:19:06] Kent Daane: It's in California. You can find it, but it's really hard to find out what impact it's got because it will parasitize the mealybug and will cause the parasitized mealybug to die. to feel sick and to seek out some area for protection because the anagyrus if you see that mealybug parasitized on the leaf causes that mealybug to kind of glue itself down to the leaf You have to flip that thing to get it off the leaf. A mummy is a dead mealybug which sticks to the leaf. The coccydox anoides causes the mealybug to find a place of protection because it doesn't stick it to the leaf. So it often times goes to the trunk, or goes to the stem, and eventually falls off the vine, and will pupate down into the ground. And so to sample for that one, you have to collect them as first or second instars live, bring them back to the insectary, and rear them out to the parasite, which is just really a lot of work hard to do. so these things are far more difficult to do. Sample four, then going out and counting, you know, aphid parasites, which are just out there as little brown mummified aphids. [00:20:29] Craig Macmillan: it sounds like this would play a role in my timing of my insecticide applications, whether it's Spirotetramat or Neonic or One of the programs that I think is common is to have spirotetramat on top and have a myothiamethoxam soil applied. Does that sound right? [00:20:47] Kent Daane: Yeah, that sounds right. I mean, they're both good products and they're doing what they're supposed to do. they're killing the mealybug. And when the timing is right, they're getting out there before the mealybug. So as the mealybug is going out towards the leaves. You know, they're probably doing a better job than the parasite will do on its own. Now, if you are an organic grower and you can't use those materials, then timing does become a little bit more critical because you're putting on, oftentimes, organic materials every 10 to 14 days because they've got a shorter residual. So on those you may want to, you know, work your timing around to avoid to give it a window of opportunity some of these natural enemies. There you're looking on the leaf, you're looking for mummified mealybugs. You know, are, do I have some of these good natural enemies in the field? You're looking for the mealybug destroyer, or one of the other beetles. Green lancelings are also doing a pretty good job. So you're monitoring those. And maybe you're deciding, I've got a lot of good activity maybe I should wait to put on pyganic or one of the other materials, which is broad spectrum give the other parasites a chance, a cycle, to see what their impact's going to be on that millibug population. Or maybe you're going to leave every fifth row unsprayed to let the parasites come back in and then hit that row later. So you've got a chance for those natural enemies to move the just sprayed vines. [00:22:22] Craig Macmillan: That was going to be my next question is what is the refugee situation for these parasites? Do they come into the vineyard, do their thing and then leave? Do they come in when there is host and then they hang out in the vineyard for the rest of the season? Do we know? I'm just thinking about ways that I can preserve, conserve those parasites as much as possible so that they're there when I need them. [00:22:45] Kent Daane: That's a great question, Craig. And let's break this apart into two different areas. Let's talk about First, the generalist predators that I just mentioned, the green lacewings, a good mealybug predator against the smaller mealybug stages. A lot of the things we do to enhance natural enemies will enhance generalist predators. So that's where your cover crops come in. That's where your pollen and nectar come in. You'll increase generalist predators. Ladybird beetles, green lacewings, minute pyre bugs, those can all attack and kill. That same group of cover cropping that brings in the gentleness predator may have little impact on the specialized parasitoids. Things like the anagyrus and the coccidocsinoides, what they want is the mealybugs. And not all mealybugs will do. They really want the mealybugs that are better hosts for them. So, they tend to get everything they need out of that pest population. They can host feed. They can stick their ovipositor into a mealybug, turn around and feed on some of that exudate, some of what's being bled. The mealybug creates honeydew. That honeydew, instead of trying to plant a cover crop for honeydew, that honeydew serves as a food to increase the longevity of those parasitoids. And as the mealybug density goes down, the parasite numbers should go down as well. Now there are different kinds of food sprays that we hope to look at that oftentimes do help increase both generalists and perhaps specialist natural enemies. [00:24:46] Craig Macmillan: Hm. [00:24:46] Kent Daane: The number one thing you do to to enhance beneficial insect numbers is to watch the broad spectrum insecticide sprays or to time them where you're not spraying, you know, all 100 acres at the same time, but you're leaving a refugia so they can move back in. [00:25:08] Craig Macmillan: Interesting. So, I might be looking at something and saying, okay, I am going to have to take some action here. I'm hitting an action threshold but not pull the trigger on the whole thing. leave one area for a little bit, and then can you come back and treat that later, so that you're preserving some of these folks, and then they can come back on the other side, and find a balance between the chemical and the biological. Mm [00:25:31] Kent Daane: Right. A balance, a delay might just be 10 days, might be 20 days. We don't want to miss our spray window, but remember, Most of the natural enemies are winged as adults, whereas the female mealybug is never winged. Fairly slow, fairly thestle. So that allows for those beneficials to come back in. And if you're a large grower this just happens over over the course because you can't spray 100 acres in a day. [00:26:07] Craig Macmillan: Right. Right. Fascinating. Are growers starting to adopt, in your experience with the folks that you work with, are growers starting to adopt these kinds of timings and techniques and methods? [00:26:19] Kent Daane: I think growers are constantly adopting, improving, changing one of the common misconceptions when I talk to students or people who just don't don't know how to farm or farmers is that farmers really don't want to spray. Spraying costs money. it is an added expenditure, added time, added worry. So they'd much rather, you know, go back 50 years when we didn't have all these invasive insects from Vine mealybug to Virginia Creeper growers are always seeking out how to improve the insecticide materials they've got, how to reduce the insecticide applications they have to make. And that does include natural enemies, mating disruption. What it comes down to is just costs. So oftentimes there's a trade off. If you're going to use mating disruption, you may not be doing three applications of an insecticide for vine mealybug. Maybe it's one insecticide plus vine mealybug mating disruption. If you're organic and you're releasing beneficial insects and spraying every other week. Maybe you don't have the cost for mating disruption. So these are all decisions that individual growers have to make. Obviously we've got some growers in some regions can spend 300 per acre for mealybug control. Other growers simply cannot do that because of the value of, their product at the very end. [00:28:03] Craig Macmillan: Right. This is kind of a natural lead in to something I wanted to touch on, and that is the Virginia Creeper leafhopper that's found on the North Coast. That also an invasive, correct? Came in from outside. [00:28:15] Kent Daane: It is invasive to some extent. It is not invasive like the vine mealybug is from. The Mediterranean region Virginia creeper most likely is, is North American. But yes, it was never really a California leafhopper pest. It was, no England, Canada. Pest that then went into Washington, then went into Oregon, that then came into California. interestingly, the, leafhopper that I worked on for so many years the variegated grape leafhopper probably North American, probably had a different avenue, probably came up from the south, from Mexico, Texas, to Arizona, to California. So Some of our invasives are close relatives. [00:29:07] Craig Macmillan: Interesting. what's the difference in damage that's caused by the Virginia creep leaf hopper and the the variegated leaf hopper. [00:29:17] Kent Daane: So they're, they're very similar. I think that the grape leafhopper is the one we've been dealing with for the longest time and has been relatively mild compared to the other two. The variegated grape leafhopper When it first came into the San Joaquin Valley, it could defoliate vines. It had three to four generations per year. [00:29:42] Craig Macmillan: Oh, wow. [00:29:43] Kent Daane: It seemed to be much more damaging than the grape leafhopper. Virginia creeper leafhopper, now in northern California, making its way south. So it's gotten to the middle of the state. It's in Napa, Sonoma, Sacramento. I have not seen it. Heard it reported in the Fresno area. Oh, it has been reported in Fresno. But I'm not saying it causes much damage here. We really don't get many leaf hopper reports for damage here, except for organic growers. And that's because all the sprays for vine mealybug. Most of those vine mealybug sprays are very good against the leaf hoppers. Where I have seen it as a pest. It's been mostly in wine grapes. Mostly in the cooler regions of the state. Mostly controlled by conventional insecticides. There are programs organic materials registered for Virginia creeper that I think have done a fairly good job. But it, it does get out of hand. And I think for all these leaf hoppers with organic materials, what happens is that The organic products tend to not work well , against the leaf operant in the egg stage or the leaf operant in the adult stage. So timing is very important. You want to get those materials on. when egg hatch is nearly complete and when you've got mostly first and second instars out there. That's because most of our organic products tend to impact these pests by either being a desiccant like the soaps that dry it out or a suffocant like the oils that clog the spiracles. And so the the, adults just fly away from that tractor rig as it's coming down. The eggs are protected inside the leaf itself, in their little clusters for the Virginia Creeper. And the larger insects can, they're just more mobile. So it's hard to kill them. So timing becomes relatively critical with these insects. I've not worked directly with Virginia creeper other than hosting Houston Wilson did his graduate work in my lab and really focused on, on the parasites of this insect. Lucia Varela, now retired, did focus on looking at the different insecticides and she's got a nice summary article which is on Monica Cooper's website. It talks about the different insecticides, U C cooperative extension Napa County. And she's got a website that goes into materials for organic growers for Virginia creeper leaf hopper. I think that's where I saw. that information posted. And what Houston did was he just looked at and tried to improve the Enneagrus. So we get those two confused. The Lilybug parasite is Anagyrus. The Leafhopper parasite is Enneagrus. The two names sound pretty similar, but one is an inserted family and one is a Mimerit. Or a fairy fly, fairy winged fly. They're some of the smallest insects known. So, [00:33:03] Craig Macmillan: Wow. So, we are continuing to look at these new parasites, how they're performing, we're learning a lot more about them, and we're learning a lot more about timing of different kinds of sprays around their life cycle. [00:33:17] Kent Daane: Yeah, what Houston was trying to do was to understand why parasitism against the Virginia creeper leafhopper was against all the leafhoppers. Why parasitism was relatively low. So I was working with Danny Gonzales and Sergei Tripitsin, And just mentioning to the taxonomist, Sergei, that it seemed like there were differences amongst these Enneagris samples that we were releasing. And I had happened to save all of the material that had died. So I sent that to Sergei, and Sergei looked at these things closely and then said, look, we've got a complex of parasites. And he named Enneagris erythronureae. After the species that was most commonly attacking variegated grape leafhopper, which is Erythronere variabilis. There was another one, and he called a Negris tryptocova, which was named after his wife's father's family and he said that was the better looking one of the group. And there was one that just didn't do that much. And he named that after me, a Negris Dana. And so that one we thought was the one attacking the western grape leaf hopper most commonly. And it was being found more commonly in the riparian zone. So that's 20 years ago, fast forward to our new invasive leaf hopper, the Virginia creeper leaf hopper, which is again coming down from Canada to Washington to Oregon to California. Well, it ends up that the Enneagris deni is very important attacking that leaf hopper. So Houston was working out the relationship of these three parasites against these three leaf hoppers and trying to understand if he could manipulate their numbers to improve biocontrol. He looked at hedgerows, he looked at augmentative releases or inoculative releases, and we're still curious to see if that can't be improved even. [00:35:30] Craig Macmillan: That's fantastic. Another topic that I wanted to touch on, because it's a really cool idea, and I think we'll have applications across a lot of things eventually, and that is area wide pest management strategies. And I know that you've done a lot of work in this area from the beginning, really, of kind of the concept. What is an area wide pest management strategy? Management program. What does it look like? What can it what is its goal? How does it operate? What kind of success we've seen so far? [00:35:59] Kent Daane: Yeah, that's a fantastic question. It's a topic I'm really excited about and let's think about it when we think about the European grapevine model. that was another invasive insect, It was found in California, it was found in Chile around the same time. So you've got this invasive insect, and the state of California deemed this important enough to have an eradication program. [00:36:22] Craig Macmillan: Oh and just real quick. What kind of damage does grapevine moth do? [00:36:26] Kent Daane: So the European Greenvine Moth it'll feed on the vine, but it gets in the fruit clusters. think of the omnivorous leaf roller One of those, one of our tortricid pests that can really cause damage to the grape a number of generations per year, a lot of different possibilities where it might come from in terms of a host plant material. So it can be very problematic. It would require a spray every single year, an additional spray for a tortricid pest, if it were to establish. [00:37:00] Craig Macmillan: one the big issue here is that it attacks the berries directly [00:37:03] Kent Daane: absolutely. [00:37:04] Craig Macmillan: Okay. So that's a, that's a serious problem. [00:37:07] Kent Daane: No, no, the, it, it causes mold and rot and everything else once it gets in there. So, you know, two or three doesn't seem like a lot. You just think, well, berry can go to crush, but that berry will get all kinds of bunch rot. not a good fruit. So when you think about the eradication program, where there was monitoring everywhere in the state. When you think about the eradication program, where when they found this pest through pheromone traps, and then they did a ground search to find out where it was. And then there was a coordinated investigation. Effort to spray the right materials, to use mating disruption, to go after it in all of the adjoining areas. those eradication programs are very intense. Area wide control programs. So, let's think about Vine mealybug, which is now in most vineyards. We're still approaching this on an individual grower basis. We might have one grower using mating disruption, because they're going to go organic, and a next door neighbor doing nothing. There's going to be constant movement of that pest into that grower's. field We might have two growers, one using Movento every other year, and another using Platinum every other year. Those males are going back and forth between those vineyards, sharing whatever genetic resistance that they're developing. And so really, if those growers are switching, one's using Movento, one's using Platinum that insect is moving between those vineyards all the time. And it's not a resistance management program, or you might have a small five acre grower deciding to put out mating disruption. Mating disruption works better blanketing the whole area. So an area wide program, and then you bring into it the idea of roguing leaf roll diseased vines. there are two things I just mentioned in this last 30 seconds that are so important for area wide management of mealybug and leaf roll that are the killers to those programs. The first is mating disruption still costs more money than a pesticide application. It's a fantastic tool. It is a tool that works better the lower and lower the mealybug density gets. So you use insecticides to really drop the mealybug population down, but there gets to be a point where the mealybugs are now on the bark. There are little populations here and there, and we know the insecticides are never 100 percent. Mating disruption works better. The lower the milli buck density is. [00:40:05] Craig Macmillan: Got it. [00:40:06] Kent Daane: But there's a cost to it. So we start with insecticides. The next part is the rowing of the infected vines. That's very important on an area wide basis because if you're planting, you've had, vineyard is old, it's not productive, it's had leaf roll. You pull it out, but it's right next to a block that's got 80 percent infected vines. You're always going to have new infections showing up over and over and over again. Unless that grower next to you is just doing this bang up job of applying insecticides all the time to keep mealybugs from going into your vineyard. you can make area wide control work for the pathogen. and the pest. But in the best world, let's say you're in control of a thousand acres, pull out every vineyard that's infected and replant and then pull out every new infection in it. And people just can't afford this. [00:41:06] Craig Macmillan: Right. [00:41:07] Kent Daane: if you're managing 200, 300 acres and Your vineyard with leaf roll that's at 30 percent is still profitable. it's hard to pull out those 30%. It's just hard to do. I get it. But something that I wish we could get, you know, government subsidy for to, to have them help us come in, pull out the infected vines, start clean again. But it does work. It's worked in South Africa. It's worked in New Zealand. It's worked in Napa. It just comes at a cost that may be prohibitive in some regions, in some areas. So the best we can do is to manage mealybug and the disease incidence in an area wide manner. [00:41:52] Craig Macmillan: if I remember correctly, I mean, the work has been done now that, demonstrates roguing is your best strategy overall long term, but it's expensive short term. and that is the issue. That's the tricky bit. [00:42:06] Kent Daane: There are two tricky bits to it. The first tricky bit is the expense you just talked about. The second tricky bit is that in most of the regions where we know it's worked They have not been dealing, perhaps, with our vine mealybug. They've been dealing with the grape mealybug, long tail mealybug, obscure mealybug. we've got I think the worst mealybug. And maybe that mealybug is just better at surviving on root remnants. You know, you hear all the time from growers, I r I've been removing 10 percent of my vineyard every single year for five years. And when I looked at The south African data, they removed 20%. Second year, 5%. Third year, 3%. Fourth year, 1%. And after that, it was always 1%. [00:42:54] Craig Macmillan: last piece of this puzzle in my mind is you have to get your neighbors to cooperate. That's the area wide bit. You have to get people to get on the same page in terms of what they're doing. And it sounds to me like they don't necessarily have to be doing exactly the same thing. They just have to be sensitive to what somebody else wants to do. Does that sound right? [00:43:15] Kent Daane: There are areas where it has worked well. It can work in the Central Coast. It can work in Lodi. We may not see, you know, eradication of diseased vines. We may not see a reduction of vine mealybug to a point where we can treat every other year. We might be treating every single year. for this, but we can improve what we're doing through communication right now. In the central Valley, we're working with a great group of growers where we're just mapping out the vine mealybug and we're sharing with the growers where the melaybug populations are. It's their decision. What? What to use, what to do for control. It's their decision. Can they rogue or not rogue? But what we're trying to do is to help foster communication amongst the different growers that are neighbors, because we're a third party, which I think helps a little bit. it would be fantastic if we could have someone hired as a scout or PCA, where we work with. PCAs in the region and everyone shares data. We're trying a new computer program this year, which we at the end of the season, we'll launch with our collaborating growers where they can log on in real time. and see what the trap counts are as we count those trap counts. And that will help them make a decision, we hope, on what to do in terms of control measures. But again, the best thing might be that we're opening up communication, just as the Vineyard team is doing through podcasts, through field days, through the website. [00:44:55] Craig Macmillan: Well, let's hope. And I, and there's a number of other organizations too. the, the group in Lodi has done a fantastic job from what I understand. Fostering communication and sharing information. like you said, I think that's probably one of our, our, our best hopes. Is working collaboratively as an industry and getting communication between the experts like PCAs and the extension community. . [00:45:15] Kent Daane: And of course, anyone can always reach out to me with questions as well. [00:45:18] Craig Macmillan: Fantastic. And we'll put your information in the show notes. I want to thank you for being on the podcast. fantastic. Very helpful and very, very exciting. I think I was feeling a little more dismal about this whole topic coming into this interview than I am now. I think there's maybe more potential than I was kind of giving credit. I, you know, I come from a time back in the 90s when Vine Mealybugs showed up in the Central Coast. And it was a lot of gnashing of teeth and pulling of hair, and we did not know what to do, and the damage was insane. I mean, I saw stuff that was just blood curdling, and I think we've come a long way. We've come a long way, and that's from the efforts of folks like you, so I really appreciate it. I want to thank our guest, Kent Daane. He is a Cooperative Extension Specialist with the University of California, Berkeley. he works primarily out of the Kearney Ag Research Extension Center. And, thanks so much for being on the podcast. This is great. [00:46:10] Kent Daane: Thank you very much. Enjoy the harvest time coming up.   Nearly perfect transcription by Descript

In honor of LGBTQ History Month, Ryan is excited to speak with David Watters, an LGBTQ+ rugby player, innovation consultant, and business coach based in the UK. While many of our guests transition from sports to other fields, David's story is unique: he transitioned from the boardroom to the rugby pitch. Now playing for the Airmill Warriors, David is a strong advocate for LGBTQ+ inclusion in sports. As an innovator and startup accelerator, he specializes in integrating new technologies into transportation and city infrastructure.David's journey marks a significant shift since he first joined LGBTQ rugby. From its humble beginnings with the Kings Cross Steelers in 1995, the International Gay Rugby (IGR) movement has blossomed into a global network of over 100 teams. This growth highlights the broader trend of incorporating diversity and inclusion within traditional rugby clubs and across the sports world.David's expertise in building successful sports and corporate teams is evident. He draws insightful parallels between his sports experience and his innovation work, offering practical tips for creating inclusive environments. He emphasizes how rugby clubs can foster a welcoming atmosphere for all.Tune in to learn more about:- David's innovative career trajectory and his transition into rugby- His initial challenges and feelings of exclusion when starting in the sport- Reflections on traditional rugby cultures and the unique challenges faced by LGBTQ+ players- The expansion of the International Gay Rugby (IGR) movement and its impact on creating safe spaces for LGBTQ+ players- The importance of team mentality, recognizing individual strengths, and building a supportive culture- How the IGR movement has influenced traditional rugby clubs and broader inclusivity in sports- Practical steps clubs should embrace to foster inclusivity- David's insightful analogy between sports and business leadership, and the benefits of applying sports lessons to the corporate world and vice versaAre you looking for Career Clarity for your next step, for more information, or to book a consultancy, make sure you check out www.2ndwind.io Links:Davids Linkedln:https://www.linkedin.com/in/davidcwattersWebsite: https://igrugby.org/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/igrclubhouse/ 

Et nyt parti har set dagens lys. I Grønne Demokrater er der ingen partidisciplin, og partiet afviser også at deltage i lukkede forligsmøder. Det skal være med til at gøre op med den usunde kultur, der ifølge partistifter Theresa Scavenius hersker blandt partierne på Christiansborg. Vi spørger Scavenius, om hun gør det for at få opmærksomhed - eller fordi hun reelt tror på, at Grønne Demokrater kan opnå indflydelse? Og så får vi besøg af Venstre-manden Hans Chr. Schmidt. I 30 år har han siddet i Folketinget, men ved næste valg er det slut. Som minister og folketingsmedlem har han været førstehåndsvidne til både op- og nedture i Venstre. I dag ser vi nærmere på, hvilket Venstre, han blev valgt ind i, og hvilket parti han nu forlader. Værter: Jens Ringberg og Pia Glud Munksgaard. Gæster: Theresa Scavenius, løsgænger og stifter af Grønne Demokrater, Hans Chr. Schmidt, MF for Venstre. Tilrettelægger: Theodora Renard.

Månedens Forsker #6 2024: I Grønlands yderdistrikter leves livet i tæt forbundethed med naturen. Det betyder at, der foregår en konstant interaktion mellem mennesker og dyr, som præger både samfundslivet og det personlige liv. Janne Flora forsker aktuelt i relationer mellem dyr og mennesker i Grønlands bygder, hvor fangst stadig er hovedkilden til indtjening. Gennem feltarbejde og deltagerobservation forsøger hun eksempelvis at forstå den rolle, som kvinderne spiller i fangererhvervet. Desuden er hun optaget af at afklare den enorme kulturelle betydning, som fangstdyrene har. Ikke blot som mad, men ligeledes som kilde til sammenhængskraft i de små samfund. Vært er Nynne Bjerre Christensen

This week we are joined by Phil, Tim and Chelsea from the Iceni RFC, the podcast's first touch rugby team. Based out of Wymondham they are a fully inclusive team that has grown from 8 players in 2022 to over 50 regularly training and playing members today. We talk about the Iceni, the importance of touch rugby and see if we can answer why the IGR teams seem to have such incredible names.Iceni RFCInstagram - @Iceni_RFCBoudica's Cup - @boudicacup Facebook - Iceni RFCRoots Ruck RiotInstagram - @rootsruckriotWebsite and other links - https://linktr.ee/rootsruckriotIf you would like your club featured please email us at rootsruckriotpodcast@gmail.comPlease leave us a review wherever you listen to your podcasts, it helps us grow the show and continues us shining a light on the game we all love.Roots Ruck Riot is a Podcast Nobody Asked For

I Grøndalslund Kirkes bibliotek har Martin Holt Jensen denne gang en samtale med Rebekka Højmark Svenningsen fra Rødovre Kirke om teksterne til 2. pinsedag. De kommer omkring stor litteratur som Astrid Lindgrens 'Mio, min Mio' og Jakob Martin Strids 'Da Lille Madsens hus blæste væk', men også om Ånden som grænseoverskridende, og om at pinse også handler om, at folkekirken er en blandt alle verdens kirker, og at der er fællesskab i brød.

Le Pr Nathalie Lassau est une figure remarquable dans le domaine médical : radiologue à l'IGR, Professeur à l'Université Paris Saclay et chercheuse à l'INSERM. Son parcours est marqué par la résilience, elle a surmonté tellement d'obstacles pour atteindre son statut actuel. Elle a réalisé des exploits impressionnants, comme : - faire étiqueter 55 000 métastases, - intégrer ses innovations dans les échographes du monde entier - ou recruter 1 000 personnes en 10 jours pendant la pandémie de COVID-19. Nathalie excelle dans l'établissement de partenariats entre la recherche, la clinique et le privé, collaborant avec des entités telles que l'INRIA, Canon Médical, OWKIN, Guerbet. Sa passion pour la recherche médicale l'a conduite à développer son dernier projet révolutionnaire : une plateforme de radiologie et de biopsie liquide pour la prévention et le traitement du cancer, visant à améliorer les soins aux patients atteints de cette maladie. À 61 ans, son engagement pour l'innovation et la pragmatisme reste intact, et son récit inspire par sa sincérité, sa passion et sa détermination.Une expérience qui donne envie de déplacer des montagnes ! -Notes et références de l'épisodeArticle : Integrating deep learning CT-scan model, biological and clinical variables to predict severity of COVID-19 patientshttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20657-4Personnes citées :Alain RochePierre PéronneauThierry AndréJacques BittounHervé BiauserElisabeth BorneSylvie RetailleauPhilippe de VomécourtEntreprises citées : IGR : https://www.gustaveroussy.fr/INRIA : https://inria.fr/frIFSBM : https://www.ifsbm.universite-paris-saclay.fr/BIOMAPS : https://www.biomaps.universite-paris-saclay.fr/BPI : https://www.bpifrance.fr/OWKIN : https://www.owkin.com/Guerbet : https://www.guerbet.com/frCanon : https://global.medical.canon/GE : https://www.gehealthcare.fr/Novartis : https://www.novartis.com/Le post LinkedIn si vous voulez partager votre retour ou poser vos questions : https://www.linkedin.com/posts/nathalielahitte_elle-a-publi%C3%A9-dans-nature-faitdes-guidelines-activity-7188079749926113280-qrvh?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktopHébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

I Grønland har man tolv forskellige ord for is – blandt andet ét, der beskriver is, der brækker, når man stikker i den med en harpun.     For at få en dybere forståelse for isens enorme betydning for kloden – ikke bare som den ser ud i dag, men som den kommer til at se ud i fremtiden – må vi nærme os isen med både krop og sprog. Men hvordan gør vi det bedst, når det tætteste forhold, vi har til isen, er til klumperne i fryseren eller isbjergene på tv-skærmen?     Forfatteren Victor Boy Lindholm og glaciologen Sebastian Mernild gør et forsøg på at trænge dybere ind i isens verden, når de i deres seneste bog ‘Isbogen' kaster et både kulturhistorisk og videnskabeligt blik på isen og dens betydning for livet på Jorden.     Og betydningen er stor – Jorden har nemlig ikke altid været en blå planet. Først da isen kom flyvende på kometer fra det ydre rum og bragte en kaskade af klimaforandringer med sig, begyndte betingelserne for livet her på kloden at udvikle sig.

Michael Montoya is a veteran with over 15 years of experience in military and security sectors, specializing in EOD/IEDD/CIED/HMA operations. Michael's extensive experience has seen him providing training and operational support across the globe, from the volatile terrains of Iraq and Kurdistan to the challenging environments of Africa and Pakistan. As an independent contractor, his work under the U.S. State Department's AFRICAP and GPOI initiatives has empowered over 600 trainees. We took a deep dive into Montoya's extensive career, from his days in the United States Marine Corps serving as an EOD team leader in Iraq and Afghanistan to his work as a senior trainer and analyst managing multimillion-dollar budgets for training programs. Michael is now focusing his efforts on Invictus Global Response, a nonprofit organization dedicated to mine action, capacity building, and humanitarian aid in conflict-affected regions. During a recent clearance operation in Ukraine, he tragically lost his foot to a landmine, and is now home rehabbing and preparing for continued operations with IGR. https://www.invictusglobalresponse.org/ Wolf 21- Check out what they have to offer for the best sleep of your life:  https://www.thewolf21.com Use Code: "clearedhot" for 30% off of your 1st order The Speed of War Comic Series: https://www.thespeedofwar.com/ Check out the newest Cleared Hot Gear here: https://shop.clearedhotpodcast.com/  

Commenting on; Benue state posted an IGR of N15.9 billion in 2022. Governor's office expenses were tagged at N12.5 billion. NBS data highlighted that Kwara state posted an IGR of N35.8 billion in 2022. The Governor's office expenses were pegged at N4.2 billion. Edo Governor, Obaseki Spent N973million On ‘Bank Charges,' Over N670million On Meals, Cooking Gas In Three Months. Governor Alex Otti Spent N223million On Refreshments, N397million On Welfare. Governor, Yahaya Bello Spent Over N700million To Purchase Two Vehicles For Assembly Members Without Approval, N950million On Meals, Welfare Packages. Lagos State Governor, Sanwo-Olu Spent N10.4billion In Three Months To Run His Office, Another N11billion On ‘Servicing Of Meetings'. ..and more. Join us today and follow the OUT OF THE BOX PODCAST on all platforms. Thank you.

Review BudgIT State of State Report and the great job Tracka is doing in the public accoutabality space

Minik Rosing holder en lille plastikbeholder op i luften. Heri er et pulver, der kan gøre det betragteligt lettere at brødføde kloden – og sikre dens overlevelse, påstår han. »Gletsjermel« kalder han det. Den grålige masse opstår, når de grønlandske gletsjere knuser fjeldene. I Grønland kalder de det »mudder« – og grønlænderne er trætte af det: Deres gummistøvler synker ned i det, og det sætter sig fast i fjordene. Men faktisk kan det møgirriterende gletsjermel gøre en enorm forskel i kampen mod både klima- og fødevarekrisen. Så meget, at det kan gøre Danmarks landbrug klimaneutralt.  Den grønlandsk-fødte, danske topforsker forklarer hvordan. Gæst: Minik Rosing, geolog og professor ved Københavns Universitet.  Vært: Kaare Svejstrup.  Programmet blev sendt første gang 26. juni 2023.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This Podcast delves into the Intergenerational Report, looking at both the challenges and opportunities it highlights.Dr Liz Allen and Professor Paul Burke discuss the key takeaways of the latest IGR that in 2062 Australia will be bigger, slower growing, and more diverse, with living standards at risk of going backwards.Liz says we are “heading into the greatest demographic headwinds of our time,” and we need to spend more time imagining the whole picture, with a particular focus on inequality. We must “discuss the need for earnest and substantive change to actually take control and not assume demographic destiny,” she says.Professor Paul Burke highlights there are a lot of assumptions in the report and discusses our need for specific reforms particularly around superannuation and stamp duty, with additional information also needed in subsequent intergenerational reports. ---Dr Liz Allen is a demographer at the ANU Centre for Social Research and Methods, and has deep experience across the public and university sectors. In 2018, she was appointed an inaugural ABC Top 5 Humanities and Social Science Researcher. And she is the author of the truly wonderful book The Future of Us. Professor Paul Burke is Head of the Arndt-Corden Department of Economics and Deputy Director of the Crawford School of Public Policy, at the Australian National University. He is a researcher in the Zero-Carbon Energy for the Asia-Pacific research initiative at ANU. Sharon Bessell is a Professor of Public Policy and Director of both the Children's Policy Centre and the Poverty and Inequality Research Centre at ANU Crawford School of Public Policy. Arnagretta Hunter is the Human Futures Fellow at ANU College of Health and Medicine, a cardiologist, a physician, and a Senior Clinical Lecturer at ANU Medical School.You can find full show notes on the Crawford School of Public Policy LinkedIn account. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Josh, Jon and our resident Massive-Verse expert Marty from Panel 2 Panel get a chance to sit down and discuss the Inferno Girl Red: Book 2 Kickstarter campaign and where the characters of IGR are headed within the Massive-Verse. Don't forget to enter the Nerd Initiative giveaway for your chance to win the ashcan IGR comic. And you can find Marty's regular comic reviews over at the Nerd Initiative. 

Plateau state, over the years, have struggled to meet its IGR projections yearly. In the same light, citizens have raised complains on double taxation from officials of the Plateau State Internal Revenue Service. On Let's Talk, Emeka Umesi will be speaking Mr. Jim Pam, Chairman, Plateau State Internal Revenue service.  --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/jay-fm-podcast/message

Minik Rosing holder en lille plastikbeholder op i luften. Heri er et pulver, der kan gøre det betragteligt lettere at brødføde kloden – og sikre dens overlevelse, påstår han. »Gletsjermel« kalder han det. Den grålige masse opstår, når de grønlandske gletsjere knuser fjeldene. I Grønland kalder de det »mudder« – og grønlænderne er trætte af det: Deres gummistøvler synker ned i det, og det sætter sig fast i fjordene. Men faktisk kan det møgirriterende gletsjermel gøre en enorm forskel i kampen mod både klima- og fødevarekrisen. Så meget, at det kan gøre Danmarks landbrug klimaneutralt.  Den grønlandsk-fødte, danske topforsker forklarer hvordan. Gæst: Minik Rosing, geolog og professor ved Københavns Universitet.  Vært: Kaare Svejstrup.   See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

It is finally here! Bashar, Ali, Charlie, and Matt present their long overdue Inferno Girl Red review! There are IGR spoilers in this review. Join us as we talk all things Apex city. The Radiant Black Podcast Twitter (our biggest giveaway yet will happen once we reach 1000 followers): https://twitter.com/RadiantBlackPod Radiant Black Discord Link: https://discord.gg/TRAWuqU5av

C*rona, Pandemie, Impfung. 3 Wörter, die uns 2 Jahre lang täglicher Begleiter waren. Über die heiß diskutiert wurde, jeder wurde auf einmal zum Experten, weil er regelmäßig den Fernseher eingeschaltet oder sich bei Telegram schlau gelesen hatte. Jeder hat für sich in dieser Zeit eine Entscheidung treffen müssen. So auch Sarina, die in dieser Folge erzählt, welche negativen Folgen die Impfung für sie hatte. HINWEIS
 Es geht um Nebenwirkungen die im direkten Zusammenhang mit den C-Impfungen entstanden sind, für die Sarina sich entschieden hatte. Wir sind weder Ärzte noch Therapeuten und möchten zudem niemanden verurteilen, egal wofür oder wogegen er / sie sich entscheiden hat. Vielmehr möchten wir Euch mit dieser Folge Mut machen, dass auch Ihr es schaffen könnt, zu heilen. 00:00 Einleitung 00:40 unsere Vorgeschichte und Ansichten zum Thema 03:45 Sarinas Beweggründe für erste I**** 09:15 Reaktionen nach 1. I***** 10:55 Die 2. I***** 12:15 Auftreten erster Nebenwirkungen 19:40 Die 3. I****** - Gründe, weitere Reaktionen und Nebenwirkungen 26:00 1. Termin Neurologie 28:30 erster Austausch mit Gleichgesinnten 31:50 Unverständnis /Ablehnung im Umfeld 33:00 Suche nach alternativen Behandlungsmethoden 34:30 Symptome / Sarinas Nebenwirkungen 36:00 Maßnahmen zur Reduktion der Nebenwirkungen (Nahrungsergänzungsmittel, Neuroathletik, Ernährungsumstellung) 38:40 klinische Immunologie (TH1 + TH2) Immunsystem 40:20 VEGF Wert, Rantes Wert, Endotheliitis 41:30 Mitochondrien 42:30 V-Aids? 43:05 Kosten der Behandlung etc. 43:50 Eigenverantwortung 46:00 Mitochondrien - Erklärung und Buchempfehlung Filmempfehlung: Die Insel Buch: Zell-Reset von Martin Auerswald *Werbung* bei everydays erhaltet Ihr essenzielle Nahrungsergänzungsmittel in reinster Form. Mit unserem Code STRONGREBELS bekommt Ihr 10% Rabatt auf das gesamte Sortiment. https://www.everydays.de Du möchtest mehr über ANNE (Health & Fitness Coach) erfahren oder ein Coaching buchen? Instagram https://www.instagram.com/annefeiter/ Youtube https://www.youtube.com/channel/annefeiter Website https://www.annefeiter.de/ Du möchtest mehr über SARINA (Ganzheitliche Ernährungsberaterin) erfahren oder ein Coaching buchen? Instagram https://www.instagram.com/sarinaludewig/ Website https://www.sarina-ludewig.de/ Du hast Anregungen, Fragen oder ein Wunschthema für den Podcast? Schreib uns gerne eine E-Mail an strongrebelspodcast@gmail.com Impressum: https://www.annefeiter.de/impressum-strongrebels-podcast

Tune into this month's Beef Tips & Gravy with host John Houston, Director of Business Services for ProTrition Feed! As we transition into spring, it's important to focus on fly control for our cattle herds. Flies can cause a variety of issues for our animals, including reduced weight gain, decreased milk production, and even the spread of disease. By implementing effective fly control measures, we can help keep our herds healthy and thriving.  The most convenient method is a cattle vitamin-mineral supplement containing an IGR because this product eliminates the stress, labor, and expense of handling cattle while allowing the animals to spread the horn fly control as they graze. Tune in to learn more! If you still have questions about spring fly control, visit our recent blog!  https://www.ourcoop.com/news/livestock-news/proper-fly-control 

Analysis of similar historical environments may suggest favorable market conditions for global real estate investment.   The CBRE Global Real Estate Income Fund (ticker “IGR”), provides exposure to income-producing equity securities that the Fund's management team believe are attractively valued.  In this CEF Insights Podcast episode, CBRE Investment Management Lead Product Strategist, David Leggette discusses the investment approach of IGR, real estate market valuations, and current market opportunities.  The CBRE Global Real Estate Income Fund, ticker IGR, seeks high current income and capital appreciation by investing globally with an emphasis on the income-producing common equity and preferred stocks of real estate companies.

Mona har mange jern i ilden. Hun er pedagog og en allsidig grønn lokalpolitiker med lang fartstid fra bystyret i Skien. I tillegg tar hun en doktorgrad ved USN. I Grønn Torsdag tar vi en prat om grønn barnehagepolitikk, barndommens egenverdi, lek og hvordan vi kan gi barna en stemme i politikken for å sikre deres rettigheter og interesser. Hvordan kan vi sikre en god oppvekst og framtid for barna våre?

Et viktig element i grønn ideologi er at vi ønsker et folkestyre og et demokrati som baserer seg på maktfordeling og åpenhet. Eva Joly har arbeidet i ulike land og er bl.a. kjent som korrupsjonsjeger. I Grønn Torsdag snakker hun om disse utfordringene. Du kan se samtalen med Eva Joly på vår YouTube-kanal.

Ahmed og Hassan har det lækkert efter nogle travle uger, hvor specielt Ahmed havde en lidt for vild torsdag. Danmark er ude af VM, drengenes nye hold skriver historie, Twitter er stadig det sjoveste sted på jorden, og så runder de hele af med historier om, hvordan deres shabab nogle gange, ligeså godt kunne være deres fjender.I Gråzonen er der ingen regler.Værter: Ahmed Omar & Hassan Hagi

Welcome to Episode 40 of the Sheffield Vulcans Podcast.   This is a very special episode and we are honored to be joined by Matt Carter the director of the stunning feature film "IN FROM THE SIDE". In the episode we discuss why Rugby is important to the LGBTQIA+ community, the journey Matt took to make the movie, and what it is like to receive critical acclaim from those lucky enough to have seen it.   Here's the synopsis for IN FROM THE SIDE: Following a drunken encounter, two equally attached men from a cash strapped and divided gay rugby club unwittingly sleepwalk into an adulterous affair but must conceal their growing feelings or risk destroying the club they love.   As always, our show is available to listen to on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Podbean and Spotify. Tune in and join us as we talk IGR, Rugby Union, independent filmmaking, and everything in-between.   Follow us on social media: Instagram: @sheffvulcanspod Twitter: @sheffvulcanspod   Follow the Sheffield Vulcans: Instagram: @sheffvulcans Twitter: @sheffvulcans Facebook: /sheffvulcans   Follow In From the Side: Instagram: @infromtheside Twitter: @infromtheside Facebook: /infromtheside   Follow Matt Carter: Instagram: @mattcarter1989 Twitter: @mattcarterVFX  

Welcome to Episode 39 of the Sheffield Vulcans Podcast. In this episode Charlie, Innes and Nathan turn their focus away from Rugby Union to sit down and have a chat with Jay and Rosie from the Leicester Diamonds, an inclusive rugby club for ALL women and non-binary individuals. Here's a bit about the club's history: Leicester Diamonds was founded in 2021 by two friends who shared a love of baseball. Wanting to create something more than a sports team, Abi (Batts) Battisto and Ally (Sal) Clark created something more than a sports team. They created a safe space to bring together people from all backgrounds regardless of their age, size or expereince. We're excited to share this episode with you so please sit back and tune in to hear Jay and Rosie talk about baseball, inclusion in sport and the importance of having a safe space to have fun, meet likeminded people and having a good time! As always, our show is available to listen to on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Podbean and Spotify. So, sit back and listen as we talk IGR, Rugby Union, Baseball, and everything in-between.   Follow us on social media: Instagram: @sheffvulcanspod Twitter: @sheffvulcanspod   Follow the Sheffield Vulcans: Facebook: /sheffvulcans Instagram: @sheffvulcans Twitter: @sheffvulcans   Follow the Leicester Diamonds: Facebook: /leicesterdiamonds Instagram: @leicesterdiamonds Twitter: @leicsdiamonds Website: https://www.leicesterdiamonds.co.uk/   If you would like to check for your nearest baseball team click here.

Welcome to Episode 38 of the Sheffield Vulcans Podcast. There have been plenty of changes at Vulcans towers and our development squad took on the Manchester Village Spartans on Saturday 3rd September. So, we thought it'd be a fantastic opportunity to catch up with three of our players to talk all about it. Tune in and listen to Asher Maxwell (Back of the Match), Zooey Miller (Forward of the Match), and Owen Harris-Evans (who doesn't need an award because he's LEGENDARY - just don't tell him we said that). They've got plenty to talk about. As always, our show is available to listen to on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Podbean and Spotify. So, sit back and listen as we talk IGR, Rugby Union and everything in-between.   Follow us on social media: Instagram: @sheffvulcanspod Twitter: @sheffvulcanspod   Follow the Sheffield Vulcans: Facebook: /sheffvulcans Instagram: @sheffvulcans Twitter: @sheffvulcans

Welcome to Episode 37 of the Sheffield Vulcans Podcast. We've been super busy behind the scenes but we are back to celebrate three of our newest members to the club. So, tune in and listen as Jon and Nathan have a sit down to check in with Craig Mitchell-Fox, Zooey Miller and Ash Taylor to see how their Vulcan journey has been so far. As always, our show is available to listen to on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Podbean and Spotify. So, sit back and listen as we talk IGR, Rugby Union and everything in-between.   Episode Links: Find your local IGR club: https://www.igrugby.org/   Follow us on social media: Instagram: @sheffvulcanspod Twitter: @sheffvulcanspod   Follow the Sheffield Vulcans: Facebook: /sheffvulcans Instagram: @sheffvulcans Twitter:  @sheffvulcans

A direct descendant of the Akintoye bloodline, Dr Folasade is an accomplished Tax and Legal practitioner with extensive experience in generating optimal revenue for the Lagos State Government. Dr Folasade is a TADAT/IMF expert, trained in ESG, SDG, and GVC's at the WBG/OLC. She attended London Business School Leadership program, Cranfield School of Management, she is an Accredited Mediator, Chartered Secretary, Fellow of the Institute of Taxation, and a Doctor of Taxation with expertise in IGR.

Welcome to Episode 36 of the Sheffield Vulcans Podcast. In this episode Jon Dickinson and Nathan Murtagh are joined by Dave Carr and Phill Gray (Founding members of the York Templars) to discuss York Pride, the York Templars and more! As always, our show is available to listen to on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Podbean and Spotify. So sit back and listen as we talk IGR, Rugby Union and everything in-between. Episode Links: Templars are fundraising for a new automated external defibrillator (AED) CycleBeats event on Facebook   Follow us on social media: Instagram: @sheffvulcanspod Twitter: @sheffvulcanspod Follow the Sheffield Vulcans: Facebook: /sheffvulcans Instagram: @sheffvulcans Twitter: @sheffvulcans Follow the Templars: Facebook: /yorkritemplars Instagram: @yorkritemplars Twitter: @yorkritemplars Follow Dave: @mr_dave_carr Follow Phill: @phillgray

Welcome to Episode 35 of the Sheffield Vulcans Podcast. In this episode Jon Dickinson is joined by Michael Hudson (President of the Sheffield Vulcans) to discuss everything concerning the Forge Cup, the brand new 10s tournament that will take place 16th to 18th September in Sheffield. So, tune in and listen as Michael shares everything you'll need to know about the tournament including how it will work, what you can look forward to and more. So, make sure you head on over to www.forgecup.co.uk  and register your team today.   As always, our show is available to listen to on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Podbean and Spotify. So sit back and listen as we talk IGR, Rugby Union and everything in-between.   Follow us on social media: Instagram: @sheffvulcanspod Twitter: @sheffvulcanspod Follow the Sheffield Vulcans: Facebook: /sheffvulcans Instagram: @sheffvulcans Twitter: @sheffvulcans

Servicio de transporte directo entre Iguazú y Posadas: “La idea es que los pasajeros bajen en el aeropuerto y tengan el micro a disposición” Debido a las refacciones que sufrirá el aeropuerto de Posadas y su cierre temporario, el Gobierno provincial confirmó que los pasajeros que aterricen en el aeropuerto de Iguazú contarán con un servicio de línea directa hasta la capital misionera. El Ministro de Turismo de la Provincia de Misiones, José María Arrua estuvo presente en el lanzamiento de los Juegos Deportivos Misioneros 2022 junto al gobernador Oscar Herrera Ahuad. Además de referirse al evento en cuestión, dio algunos detalles de la nueva logística para el servicio directo que se implementará entre el aeropuerto de Iguazú y Posadas. Respecto al cierre temporario del aeropuerto de Posadas y la nueva logística en la que se enmarcarán los viajes que llegan a la capital misionera, que a partir del 15 de junio aterrizarán en el aeropuerto de Iguazú. Asimismo, confirmó que el gobierno provincial gestionó un servicio directo para quienes aterricen en el Aeropuerto Internacional Cataratas del Iguazú. «Conseguimos una línea preferencial que va a estar a cargo de los pasajeros donde cada persona va a contratar ese servicio pero de manera directa. Un transporte que va a demorar 4 horas y media, respecto de las 6 horas que tarda el otro que es semi directo. La idea que es los pasajeros bajen en el aeropuerto y tengan el micro a disposición. Será en tres horarios diferentes y los traerá directamente hasta posadas», explicó Arrúa. Horianski, Crucero del Norte y Rio Uruguay serán las empresas encargadas de realizar este viaje directo. «La dinámica es esa, desde el 15 de junio al 1ro de julio. Después, en función de la programación de vuelos, veremos que si ampliamos la programación y la franja horaria», agregó el ministro. Añadió también que el código del aeropuerto de Posadas ya desapareció de la plataforma y que es difícil identificar quienes vienen a Posadas. «Los vuelos figuran con IGR que es la característica de Iguazú. A partir de ahora vamos a trabajar con la gente que viene hasta Posadas», contó. Respecto de los horarios establecidos para este servicio directo hasta la capital de Misiones dijo: «Es difícil poner hoy un colectivo para 50 o para 100, serán tres horarios donde llegan la mayor cantidad de vuelos. Aquel que llegue fuera de su horario, puede tomarse el transfer que es gratuito hasta la terminal y ahí sí poder optar por la gran cantidad de líneas que tiene la conectividad Posadas – Iguazú / Iguazú – Posadas «, sostuvo. En esta línea volvió a remarcar que el servicio directo estará a cargo del pasajero y que esto se debe a una cuestión de seguros. «Hemos solicitado a las aerolíneas que se hagan cargo de ese costo y las agencias también pero no sucedió», expuso. Si bien, afirmó que se están reprogramando vuelos, se espera que la situación no afecte gravemente a las actividades ligadas al aeropuerto. «Yo ayer estuve con personal de Amhbra , con taxistas de Posadas y no hemos notado que se haya dado una cancelación importante o algo trascendental que impacte de manera negativa para todo el conjunto», aseguró Arrúa. Respecto de la obra en concreto que se realizará en el Aeropuerto Libertador General José de San Martí comentó: «Es una obra que desde el 2017 veníamos solicitando y que supuestamente se iba hacer en marzo de este año, después se postergó. Que llegue una obra de Nación a la provincia también es importante y no queremos desaprovecharla», agregó el ministro. Por último, confirmó otra medida que beneficiará a los ciudadanos posadeños que viajen a Iguazú y utilicen el estacionamiento del aeropuerto. «Los posadeños que dejen los autos en Puerto Iguazú tendrán un costo diferenciado, de 1 a 3 días será del 30%, de 3 a 6 días el 40% y de 6 días en adelante del 50%», cerró José María Arrúa. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/ahoramisiones/message

Welcome to Episode 34 of the Sheffield Vulcans Podcast. It's just family for this episode as Charlie, Innes, Jon and Nathan get together to recap what went down at the IGR UK North 1 final at Preston Grasshoppers. Tune in and listen as we discuss the Tik Tok Women's Six Nations, the delightful power of reassuring your teammate on the pitch and we share how you can get involved with the very first Forge Cup. In the second half the pod squad get together and talk about their experience of playing the final and share our standout moments from the match. As always, our show is available to listen to on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Podbean and Spotify. So sit back and listen as we talk IGR, Rugby Union and everything in-between. Follow us on social media: Instagram: @sheffvulcanspod Twitter: @sheffvulcanspod Follow the Sheffield Vulcans: Facebook: /sheffvulcans Instagram: @sheffvulcans Twitter: @sheffvulcans This episode is dedicated to every Vulcan (past and present) and of course our amazing coaching team - Andrea &  Kate. This is for you.

This Miami trash room had a severe roach infestation. However, after a trial period of two weeks, the trash room shows a reduction of over ninety five percent through the use of a pyrethroid application with IGR (insect growth regulator). On today's edition of the Pestgeek Podcast, Integrated Pest Management expert Franklin ‘The Pestgeek' Hernandez…

Welcome to Episode 33 of the Sheffield Vulcans Podcast. This week we welcome Terry Baker from the Lancashire Typhoons to the pod. Join us as we discuss the disappointment of cancelled games, the Women's Six Nations and Sheffield Tigers on-going campaign to raise money for a much needed fourth pitch. In the second half, we turn the spotlight on Terry to learn about the journey he took before joining the Typhoons and what it meant for him to see his team win the Community Award - LGBT at the National Diversity Awards. Rounding up the chat we briefly talk about the upcoming IGR North Final which will be taking place on Saturday 16th April at Preston Grasshoppers Rugby Football Club. Tune in and listen as we continue to talk IGR, Rugby Union, and everything in-between.   Follow us on our socials: Instagram: @sheffvulcanspod Twitter: @sheffvulcanspod   Follow the Sheffield Vulcans: Facebook: @sheffvulcans Instagram: @sheffvulcans Twitter: @sheffvulcans   Follow Terry: Instagram: @terryuk29 Listen to this episode of the Ruck My Life Podcast here.   Follow the Newcastle Ravens: Facebook: /typhoonsrufc Instagram: @typhoonsrufc Twitter: @typhoonsrufc   As always, our show is available to listen to on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Podbean and Spotify. So sit back and listen as we talk IGR, Rugby Union and everything in-between.  

Welcome to Episode 32 of the Sheffield Vulcans Podcast. This week Jon and Nathan welcome this week's guest, Glenn Howard from the Newcastle Ravens. So join us as we discuss the SIX NATIONS before we pop Glenn in the hot seat to learn all about the Ravens, how Glenn found them and how he came to be the Social Sec for the team. Rounding up the chat we discuss this year's HADRIAN CUP and more! Tune in and listen as we continue to talk IGR, Rugby Union, and everything in-between. Follow us on our socials: Instagram: @sheffvulcanspod Twitter: @sheffvulcanspod Follow the Sheffield Vulcans: Facebook: @sheffvulcans Instagram: @sheffvulcans Twitter: @sheffvulcans Follow Glenn: Instagram: @glenn_k_h Follow the Newcastle Ravens: Facebook: /newcastleravens Instagram: @newcastleravens Twitter: @newcastleravens Website: www.newcastleravens.co.uk Follow Percy Park: Website: www.percyparkrfc.co.uk As always, our show is available to listen to on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Podbean and Spotify. So sit back and listen as we talk IGR, Rugby Union and everything in-between.

Welcome to Episode 31 of the Sheffield Vulcans Podcast. This week Jon has left the pod squad on their own to chat about DONCASTER KNIGHTS, the Newcastle Raven's HADRIAN CUP and a short recap of the latest round of the SIX NATIONS. The lads aren't flying solo though as we are delighted to be joined by the one and only TOM FOY from Brighton & Hove Sea Serpents. We give him an opportunity to share his story and we get an opportunity to find out what it's like to be part of IGR South. Tune in and listen as we continue to talk IGR, Rugby Union, and everything in-between. Follow us on our socials: Instagram: @sheffvulcanspod Twitter: @sheffvulcanspod Follow the Sheffield Vulcans: Facebook: @sheffvulcans Instagram: @sheffvulcans Twitter: @sheffvulcans Follow Tom: Instagram: @tomfoy86 Follow the Brighton & Hove Sea Serpents: Facebook: /bhssrfc Instagram: @bhssrfc Twitter: @bhssrfc As always, our show is available to listen to on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Podbean and Spotify. So sit back and listen as we talk IGR, Rugby Union and everything in-between.

Welcome to Episode 30 of the Sheffield Vulcans Podcast. With Storm Eunice spoiling the plans and pitches for rugby clubs up and down the UK, Jon's flying solo for this stripped back version of the pod. Tune in and find out if he can hold down the fort to discuss some of the latest rugby news, the 2XV game against the Typhoons and what's been going on with our scheduled 1XV games against the Newcastle Ravens. This week's show is shorter than usual but is still work tuning in so listen as we continue to talk IGR, Rugby Union, and everything in-between.   Follow us on our socials: Instagram: @sheffvulcanspod Twitter: @sheffvulcanspod Follow the Sheffield Vulcans: Facebook: /sheffvulcans Instagram: @sheffvulcans Twitter: @sheffvulcans   As always, our show is available to listen to on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Podbean and Spotify. So sit back and listen as we talk IGR, Rugby Union and everything in-between.

When applying a non repellent like Alpine WSG for German roaches, when would you use an IGR (insect growth regulators) ? This question was sent to us in regards to a German roach treatment. On today's Pestgeek podcast, Franklin ‘The Pestgeek' discusses using Alpine WSG which is labeled for residential use and is considered a…

Welcome to Episode 29 of the Sheffield Vulcans Podcast. In this show we are honoured to be joined by none other than Michael J Clarke from the Leeds Hunters. Together we chat about that Luke Cowan-Dickie incident during the Scotland V England Six Nations match and then we put Michael into the Hot Seat to discuss his Hunters journey before our resident nauses recap the opening weekend of the Six Nations. So tune in, and listen as we talk IGR, Rugby Union, and everything in-between.   Follow us on our socials: Instagram: @sheffvulcanspod Twitter @sheffvulcanspod Follow the Sheffield Vulcans: Facebook: /sheffvulcans Instagram: @sheffvulcans Twitter: @sheffvulcans Follow the Leeds Hunters: Facebook: @theleedshunters Instagram: @leedshuntersrugby Twitter: @theleedshunters Follow Michael: Instagram: @mrmjc_   As always, our show is available to listen to on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Podbean and Spotify. So sit back and listen as we talk IGR, Rugby Union and everything in-between.

Welcome to Episode 28 of the Sheffield Vulcans Podcast. In this show, Innes tackles hosting duties and we are joined by another member of the Sheffield Vulcan family, Will Maxted. Together we chat some rugby news and Will sits in the hot seat to discuss how listening to our podcast convinced him to join the Vulcans after going through a difficult time. After that we share our thoughts about the 22-22 draw against the Leeds Hunters. So tune in, and listen as we talk IGR, Rugby Union, and everything in-between.   Follow us on our socials: Instagram: @sheffvulcanspod Twitter @sheffvulcanspod Follow the Sheffield Vulcans: Facebook: /sheffvulcans Instagram: @sheffvulcans Twitter: @sheffvulcans Follow Will: Instagram: @w_maxted   As always, our show is available to listen to on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Podbean and Spotify. So sit back and listen as we talk IGR, Rugby Union and everything in-between.

Welcome to the first episode back after the festive break. Tune in and join us as Charlie, Jon and Nathan are joined by the ultimate friend of the pod and Manchester Village Spartan, Gazz Pashley. We chat some rugby news and discuss New Year's Resolutions before Nathan puts our guest into the hot seat to talk everything sport, IGR and everything in-between.   Follow us on our socials: Instagram: @sheffvulcanspod Twitter @sheffvulcanspod Follow the Sheffield Vulcans: Facebook: /sheffvulcans Instagram: @sheffvulcans Twitter: @sheffvulcans Follow Gazz: Instagram: @gazzpashruns   As always, our show is available to listen to on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Podbean and Spotify. So sit back and listen as we talk IGR, Rugby Union and everything in-between.

Welcome to the festive edition of the Sheffield Vulcans Podcast! It's a full house tonight as Charlie, Innes, Jon and Nathan talk about the latest news stories in the world of Rugby from home and away. Then, in the second half, Jon and Innes discuss their experience of facing the Hull Roundheads and Manchester Village Spartans 2XB in our latest IGR UK North 2 division games. Follow us on our socials: Instagram: @sheffvulcanspod Twitter: @sheffvulcanspod Follow the Sheffield Vulcans: Facebook: /sheffvulcans Instagram: @sheffvulcans Twitter: @sheffvulcans Looking for an extra special Christmas gift? Check out the Sheffield Vulcans shop and buy our merch! The show is now available to listen to on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Podbean and Spotify. So sit back, tune in as we talk IGR, Rugby Union and everything in between.

Episode 25 of the Sheffield Vulcans is now live! In this episode, Nathan is joined by our newest #podsquad member and long time friend of the pod, Innes MacLeod. Tune in and listen to the lads talk about Jovid Marler, the Autumn Internationals and the IGR UK North 1 match against Liverpool. Then, in the second half we're joined by our Sheffield Vulcans Social Sec aka Ben Nicholson to grill him about his journey so far and his proudest achievement as a member of the Steel City's first and only inclusive rugby club. Follow us on our socials: Instagram: @sheffvulcanspod Twitter: @sheffvulcanspod Follow the Sheffield Vulcans: Facebook: /sheffvulcans Instagram: @sheffvulcans Twitter: @sheffvulcans Feeling charitable? Help us raise some cash for some amazing causes! Movember: Vulcans Team Page The Naked Rugby Players Calendar 2022: Buy yours now!   The show is now available to listen to on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Podbean and Spotify. So, sit back, tune in as we talk IGR, Rugby Union and everything in between.

Episode 24 of the Sheffield Vulcans Podcast is now live!   In this episode Charlie, Nathan and Jon are joined by Owen-Harris Evans, Michael Rennison and Matthew Littler to discuss the match against Leeds Hunters that took place on Saturday 16th October. Then, in the second half, the pod squad are joined by Andy Gibson and Jude Berry to discuss what went down last weekend at the 14th annual Caledonian Thebans Rugby Clinic.   Follow us on our socials: Instagram: @sheffvulcanspod Twitter: @sheffvulcanspod   Follow the Leeds Hunters on their socials: Facebook: /theleedshunters Instagram: @leedshuntersrugby   Oh... and a massive thank you to @stephssketches for our incredible new artwork. In Charlie's words, we've never looked better! So, if you like what you see why not give Steph a follow on her insta if you're looking for some amazing art.   The show is available to listen to on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Podbean and Spotify. So, sit back, tune in as we talk IGR, Rugby Union and everything in between.

Episode 23 of the Sheffield Vulcans Podcast is now live!   In this episode Charlie PM returns to the pod squad. Tune in as Jon shares his coming out story in celebration of National Coming Out Day before we briefly chat about the news and pay tribute to a Rugby Legend and our head coach Andrea Dobson who has recently retired from competitive play.   Then, in the second half we are thrilled to be joined by our fellow Vulcans and special guests Archie Carnall & Phil Meeson to discuss the recent 2XV match against York RI Templars before Jon quizzes Nathan and Charlie about the 1XV match against the Manchester Village Spartans 2A team.   Follow us on our socials: Instagram: @sheffvulcanspod Twitter: @sheffvulcanspod   Follow the York RI Templars on their socials: Facebook: /yorktemplars Instagram: @yorkritemplars Twitter: @yorkritemplars   Whilst you're at it, make sure you're following the Village Spartans too: Facebook: /villagespartans Instagram: @villagespartans Twitter: @MVSRUFC   The show is available to listen to on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Podbean and Spotify. So, sit back, tune in as we talk IGR, Rugby Union and everything in between.

Episode 22 of the Sheffield Vulcans Podcast is now live! In this episode Jon and Nathan are joined by another member of the Sheffield Vulcans coaching team and Welsh wonder, Kate Williams. Tune in as the "pod squad" talk the latest news stories from home and away.   Then, in the second half, Nathan sits down for a good old dal i fyny with Kate who speaks to us about her love of Rugby and how a serious injury led her to coach the Vulcans where she has remained a valued member of the team.   You'll laugh. You'll cry. You'll howl at her answers to this week's mailbag. No matter what you do... make sure you give it all your love because this really is a fantastic episode.   The show is available to listen to on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Podbean and Spotify. So, sit back, tune in as we talk IGR, Rugby Union and everything in between.

On today's episode of the Soulfull Sound Podcast, I enter into conversation with creative entrepreneur: Chantal Miller. Chantal Miller is a creative synergist who is passionate about wellness, representation and joy and combining all three elements to curate experiences which tell the stories of the Caribbean in ways which inspire, uplift and heal. What is a Caribbean woman? Is it her heat, her sizzle and her boldness? Is it her adaptability and her daring to rise even when it's challenging?"Joy is an element that needs to be enabled a lot more." Chantal opens up about some of the challenges for women of the Caribbean diaspora. She keeps it real about her personal experiences, talks about some big lessons learned in business and gives some tips to aspiring creatives. Points of Discussion: What ignited the vision for her work (8:28) What is Island Girls Rock all about? (10:54) Chantal's ‘definition' of a Caribbean woman? (16:00) Some of the challenges for women of the Caribbean diaspora (20:40) Some big lessons learned in business (35:22) Fast forward 3 years … (52:00) Advice for aspiring creatives (56:15) Resources/Links: Learn more about Island Girls Rock Check out the Podcast! Connect with Chantal on Instagram and with Island Girls Rock Instagram About Chantal MillerChantal Miller is the founder of Island Girls Rock. Island Girls Rock was created mainly from love and a burning desire to ensure that Caribbean women were gifted a platform which represented them beyond the expected ‘norm'. ”We are just as dope, fly and dynamic as any demographic of women, but are often not presented as such or afforded the spaces to celebrate that.” In addition to building IGR with her kick ass team, Chantal is also a producer/presenter (radio and podcasts),much sought after voice over artist and has an intense passion for Caribbean films. She runs digital storytelling workshops for young people and is regularly commissioned to speak on matters related to creative entrepreneurship, wellness and the power of digital storytelling. Chantal has curated exhibitions and panel discussion series related to these themes with the most recent being ‘Back Home' where she collaborated with Gabrielle Smith of The Nu Black and Through Our Eyes a photography focused week of panel discussions and exhibitions exploring Caribbean representation in mainstream media (PhotoFusion UK). Chantal is a day dreamer who gets s%&t done. If you enjoyed this episode, check out the show notes and more at https://www.simoneniles.com/blog/lessons-through-life-business-culture and follow at https://www.instagram.com/simone_niles/