Podcasts about malcolm little

fWotD Episode 2936: Malcolm X Welcome to Featured Wiki of the Day, your daily dose of knowledge from Wikipedia's finest articles.The featured article for Monday, 19 May 2025, is Malcolm X.Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, later el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz; May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) was an African American revolutionary, Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement until his assassination in 1965. A spokesman for the Nation of Islam (NOI) until 1964 after which he left the movement, he was a vocal advocate for Black empowerment and the promotion of Islam within the African American community. A controversial figure accused of preaching violence, Malcolm X is also a widely celebrated figure within African American and Muslim communities for his pursuit of racial justice.Malcolm spent his adolescence living in a series of foster homes or with relatives after his father's death and his mother's hospitalization. He committed various crimes, being sentenced to eight to ten years in prison in 1946 for larceny and burglary. In prison, he joined the Nation of Islam, adopting the name Malcolm X to symbolize his unknown African ancestral surname while discarding "the white slavemaster name of 'Little'", and after his parole in 1952, he quickly became one of the organization's most influential leaders. He was the public face of the organization for 12 years, advocating Black empowerment and separation of Black and White Americans, and criticizing Martin Luther King Jr. and the mainstream civil rights movement for its emphasis on non-violence and racial integration. Malcolm X also expressed pride in some of the Nation's social welfare achievements, such as its free drug rehabilitation program. From the 1950s onward, Malcolm X was subjected to surveillance by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).In the 1960s, Malcolm X began to grow disillusioned with the Nation of Islam, as well as with its leader, Elijah Muhammad. He subsequently embraced Sunni Islam and the civil rights movement after completing the Hajj to Mecca and became known as "el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz", which roughly translates to "The Pilgrim Malcolm the Patriarch". After a brief period of travel across Africa, he publicly renounced the Nation of Islam and founded the Islamic Muslim Mosque, Inc. (MMI) and the Pan-African Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU). Throughout 1964, his conflict with the Nation of Islam intensified, and he was repeatedly sent death threats. On February 21, 1965, he was assassinated in New York City. Three Nation members were charged with the murder and given indeterminate life sentences. In 2021, two of the convictions were vacated. Speculation about the assassination and whether it was conceived or aided by leading or additional members of the Nation, or with law enforcement agencies, has persisted for decades.He was posthumously honored with Malcolm X Day, on which he is commemorated in various cities across the United States. Hundreds of streets and schools in the U. S. have been renamed in his honor, while the Audubon Ballroom, the site of his assassination, was partly redeveloped in 2005 to accommodate the Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center. A posthumous autobiography, on which he collaborated with Alex Haley, was published in 1965.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:55 UTC on Monday, 19 May 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Malcolm X on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Arthur.

ILYASAH AL SHABAZZ – Third daughter of Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz, is an educator, social activist, motivational speaker, and author of award winning publications: (1) Growing Up X (Random House) a coming of age memoir; (2) Malcolm Little (Simon & Schuster), a children's illustration book and (3) X, A Novel (Candlewick Press) a young adult historical fiction. Ilyasah promotes higher education for at-risk youth, interfaith dialogue to build bridges between cultures for young leaders of the world, and she participates on international humanitarian delegations. Ilyasah produced training programs to encourage higher education sanctioned by City University of New York's Office of Academic Affairs. She served for twelve years on the Executive Youth Board for the City of Mount Vernon, including appointments as Director of Public Relations, Director of Public Affairs & Special Events, and later promoted to Director of Cultural Affairs. She is a member of the Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Committee at West Virginia University. She is a mentor for Nile Rogers' We Are Family Foundation. She mentors at various group homes, lock-up facilities, high schools and college campuses through production of The WAKE-UP Tour™ X-Tra Credit Forums—her exclusive youth empowerment program. Ilyasah has retraced her father's footsteps to the Holy City of Mecca, explored religious and historical sites in both Egypt and Jordan as the guest of HRH Princess Alia Hussein, participated in interfaith dialogue study programs under Rabbi Nancy Kreimer and Dr. Aziza Al Hibri, and served as member of the American Interfaith Leadership delegation that participated with the Malaria No More Foundation in Mali, West Africa. Ilyasah also served as a member of the United States delegation that accompanied President Bill Clinton to South Africa to commemorate election of President Nelson Mandela and the economic business development initiative. Ilyasah serves as Trustee for the Harlem Symphonic Orchestra, The Malcolm X & Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center, and The Malcolm X Foundation. She is a member of the Arts Committee for the New York City Opera at Lincoln Center and a project advisor for the PBS award-winning Prince Among Slaves documentary. She holds a Master of Science in Education & Human Resource Development from Fordham University and a Bachelor of Science in Biology from SUNY/New Paltz. Ilyasah is currently an adjunct professor at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, and resides in Westchester County, New York.For further information, please contact, Dr. Jamal Watson, at jamal@ilyasahshabazz.comwww.ilyasahshabazz.com http://Twitter.com/ilyasahshabazzX: A NOVEL, Candlewick Press. (1/2015) MALCOLM LITTLE, Simon & Schuster. (1/2014) GROWING UP X, Random House. (1/2002)Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-opperman-report--1198501/support.

Drama & Historical Movie Reactions! (Tuesdays) BY ANY MEANS NECESSARY... Visit http://www.liquidiv.com & use Promo Code: REJECTS to get 20% off your first order. Visit https://huel.com/rejects & receive 15% off your order. PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/thereelrejects Follow Us On Socials:  Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/reelrejects/  Tik-Tok: https://www.tiktok.com/@thereelrejects?lang=en Twitter: https://x.com/thereelrejects Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheReelRejects/ Aaron Alexander & Andrew Gordon return for another Historical / Drama Tuesday as they give their First Time Reaction, Commentary, Analysis, Breakdown, & Full Movie Spoiler Review for the Eponymous 1992 Spike Lee Joint telling the life story of Activist & Civil Rights Leader, Malcolm X. The film stars Denzel Washington (Training Day, Antoine Fisher, Gladiator II) as Malcolm Little aka el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz aka Malcolm X along with Angela Bassett (Black Panther, Strange Days) as Betty Shabazz, Delroy Lindo (Da 5 Bloods, Get Shorty) as West Indian Archie, Spike Lee (Do the Right Thing, She's Gotta Have It) as Shorty, Albert Hall (Apocalypse Now) as Bains, & Al Freeman Jr. (Roots: The Next Generations) as Elijah Muhammad, along with appearances from Theresa Randle (Bad Boys, Spawn, Space Jam), Karen Allen (Indiana Jones / Raiders of the Lost Ark), John David Washington (Tenet, BlakKklansman), Christopher Plummer (Knives Out), Reverend Al Sharpton, Bobby Seale, Nelson Mandela, Ossie Davis (Grumpy Old Me, Bubba Ho-Tep), & More. Aaron & Andrew React to all the Wrenching Scenes & Most Powerful Moments including the God is Black Scene, Converting to Islam Scene, Marching to the Hospital Scene, We Were Black Scene, Pilgrimage to Mecca Scene, I Am Malcolm X Scene, Who Taught You To Hate Yourself, By Any Means Necessary, & Beyond. Follow Aaron On Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/therealaaronalexander/?hl=en Follow Andrew Gordon on Socials:  YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@MovieSource Instagram:  https://www.instagram.com/agor711/?hl=en Twitter:  https://twitter.com/Agor711 Support The Channel By Getting Some REEL REJECTS Apparel! https://www.rejectnationshop.com/ Music Used In Manscaped Ad:  Hat the Jazz by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ POWERED BY @GFUEL Visit https://gfuel.ly/3wD5Ygo and use code REJECTNATION for 20% off select tubs!! Head Editor: https://www.instagram.com/praperhq/?hl=en Co-Editor: Greg Alba Co-Editor: John Humphrey Music In Video: Airport Lounge - Disco Ultralounge by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Ask Us A QUESTION On CAMEO: https://www.cameo.com/thereelrejects Follow TheReelRejects On FACEBOOK, TWITTER, & INSTAGRAM:  FB:  https://www.facebook.com/TheReelRejects/ INSTAGRAM:  https://www.instagram.com/reelrejects/ TWITTER:  https://twitter.com/thereelrejects Follow GREG ON INSTAGRAM & TWITTER: INSTAGRAM:  https://www.instagram.com/thegregalba/ TWITTER:  https://twitter.com/thegregalba Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A principios de 1940, un joven llamado Malcolm Little se instala en Boston procedente de las llanuras del Medio Oeste estadounidense. Aquel joven se convertiría con el paso del tiempo en uno de los grandes líderes por los derechos civiles de los afrodescendientes en su país, en Malcolm X.Pero antes se ganó la vida como limpiabotas en los salones de baile de la capital del Estado de Massachusetts. En ellos, el joven conoció a alguno de los grandes músicos de jazz del momento, de Dizzie Gillespie o Count Basie a Lionel Hampton, creando un vínculo que estrechó más tarde en los grandes clubs de Nueva York como el Apollo o el Cotton Club, donde se ha convertido ya en su camello de marihuana de confianza.El podcast Malcolm Jazz es el contenido musical extra que Documentos RNE suma al documental sonoro sobre el líder negro con motivo del centenario de su nacimiento emitido el pasado viernes 17 de enero: Malcolm X, maldito negro. Ahora, en este contenido exclusivo para RNE Audio, el guionista de dicho programa, Alfredo Laín, recibe al director del programa Sólo Jazz de Radio Clásica, Luis Martín, para mantener una conversación donde se habla de swing, segregación racial, drogas y creatividad, y se escucha a Billie Holliday, Glenn Miller o Cab Calloway, entre muchos otros. El objetivo: profundizar en la relación entre Malcolm X, el jazz y sus figuras más destacadas en las décadas de los años 40 y 50, pues como el propio Malcolm dejó escrito: "La música, hermano, es nuestra. Somos nosotros. Y como nosotros, siempre está aquí, rodeándonos, como las infinitas partículas que componen la vida. No se pueden ver, sólo se pueden sentir. La música, como el alma que nunca muere, impregna eternamente la atmósfera con su presencia".Documentos RNE se emite los viernes, de 23 a 24 horas, por Radio Nacional.Escuchar audio

On February 21, 1965, Malcolm X was assassinated while he was preparing to address a crowd of more than 400 guests for his new group, the Organization of Afro-American Unity, in Harlem, New York, at the Audubon Ballroom. Malcolm X was born as Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska. His early life was marked by profound racial hostility, compelling his family's relocation to Lansing, Michigan, following the brutal murder of his father by white supremacists. Malcolm X later became a prominent figure in the Nation of Islam, advocating for Black empowerment and self-defense against systemic oppression. His pilgrimage to Mecca in 1964 marked a significant turning point in his life, where he experienced a transformative spiritual awakening, leading him to reassess his views on race and advocate for a more inclusive approach to civil rights activism. Malcolm X was assassinated at the age of 39, leaving behind a legacy that continues to inspire generations. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In 1990, Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative journalist Les Payne embarked on a nearly thirty-year-long quest to interview anyone he could find who had actually known Malcolm X. His goal was ambitious: to transform what would become over a hundred hours of interviews into an unprecedented portrait of Malcolm X, one that would separate fact from fiction. Following Payne's unexpected death in 2018, his daughter Tamara Payne heroically completed the biography. Presented by the Seattle Opera and Town Hall Seattle, Tamara Payne returns to the Town Hall stage (following her virtual appearance in 2020) to share from the final biography, The Dead Are Arising: The Life of Malcolm X. Drawing on hundreds of hours of interviews — with all living siblings of the Malcolm Little family, classmates, street friends, cellmates, Nation of Islam figures, FBI moles and cops, and political leaders around the world — she traces his life from his Nebraska birth in 1925 to his Harlem assassination in 1965. Payne explores how her father corrects the historical record and delivers extraordinary revelations with a biographer's unwavering determination. She discusses the intensive research process and introduces a riveting biography that affirms the centrality of Malcolm X to the African American freedom struggle. In a moment of renewed vigor for the struggle in Black freedom, this presentation is essential viewing. Tamara Payne is Les Payne's daughter and served as his principal researcher. Presented by Town Hall Seattle and the Seattle Opera. The Dead Are Arising: The Life of Malcolm X The Elliott Bay Book Company

Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska, emerged as a pivotal Muslim minister and civil rights activist, vehemently combating the systemic racism rampant in mid-20th century America. His early years were laden with adversity, including racial discrimination and personal tragedies, these experiences forged his resolve and significantly influenced his evolution into a formidable advocate for racial justice.Join us while we discuss he life of Malcolm XAudio Onemichistory.comFollow me on Instagram: @onemic_historyFollow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/onemichistoryFollow me on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/OnemichistoryPlease support our Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=25697914Buy me a Coffee https://www.buymeacoffee.com/Countryboi2mSources:The Autobiography of Malcolm Xhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_Xhttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Malcolm-Xhttps://www.history.com/topics/black-history/malcolm-xhttps://www.biography.com/activists/malcolm-x

Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little in 1925. He was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist and a prominent figure during the civil rights movement. As spokesman for the Nation of Islam until 1964, he was a vocal advocate for black empowerment. Malcolm was not an advocate of non-violence, especially when blacks were being physically abused, beaten, and killed by racists. He also felt it would be best for the races to remain segregated. But after a pilgrimage to Mecca, he renounced those views and broke ties with the Nation of Islam. Malcolm X was assassinated in 1965, as he prepared to give a speech in a Manhattan ballroom. Two of the men convicted in the killing later cut all ties with the Nation of Islam. We have two interviews with Malcolm X On WMCA's Barry Gray Show in 1960, and on WNYC with Eleanor Fischer in 1961. http://krobcollection.com

This week on The Learning Curve, guest cohosts Alisha Searcy and Mariam Memarsadeghi interview award-winning biographer Tamara Payne about the life and legacy of Malcolm X. She discussed how her father, Les Payne, embarked on the biography, and offers insight into Malcolm Little's early life and education, the influences of racism and Pan-Africanism on the […]

This week on The Learning Curve, guest cohosts Alisha Searcy and Mariam Memarsadeghi interview award-winning biographer Tamara Payne about the life and legacy of Malcolm X. She discussed how her father, Les Payne, embarked on the biography, and offers insight into Malcolm Little's early life and education, the influences of racism and Pan-Africanism on the Little family, and how Malcolm Little became Malcolm X and rose within the ranks of the Nation of Islam. Tamara traces Malcolm X's experiences during the civil rights movement, his break with the Nation of Islam, pilgrimage to Mecca, his autobiography, the dynamics leading to his assassination, and the ongoing debate over his legacy. Ms. Payne concludes the interview with a reading from The Dead Are Arising: The Life of Malcolm X.Stories of the Week: Alisha highlights New Hampshire's recent bipartisan bill promoting civics education; and Mariam talked about Michael Bloomberg's WSJ op-ed on holding politicians accountable for neglecting our nation's education system.

Malcolm X, cuyo nombre original era Malcolm Little, fue un influyente defensor de los derechos civiles en Estados Unidos durante la década de 1960. Nació el 19 de mayo de 1925 en Omaha, Nebraska, y se convirtió en uno de los líderes más destacados de la Nación del Islam. La Nación del Islam es una organización religiosa afroamericana que promovía la autosuficiencia y la separación racial. Malcolm X abogaba por los derechos de los afroamericanos y criticaba abiertamente la opresión racial. Sin embargo, después de un viaje a La Meca, abandonó la Nación del Islam y se volvió más moderado en sus puntos de vista. Su asesinato en 1965 dejó un legado duradero en la lucha por la igualdad racial. Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

HAPPY BIRTHDAY Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, later el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz https://www.crenshawherbpacks.com Grenshaw Herb packs commitment to quality products, exceptional services and incomparable customer care keep our community coming back again and again. We never stop improving, and are continuing to expand our offerings based on how we can best serve the San Francisco Bay Area and you! Questions, comments or special requests? We'd love to hear from you, so don't hesitate to reach out today. 3559 Mt Diablo blvd suite 323 Lafayette, California 94549 crenshawherbpacks@gmail.com 510-924-3405 https://youtu.be/bgva1_RGg3c  

Stéphane Bern, entouré de ses chroniqueurs historiquement drôles et parfaitement informés, s'amuse avec l'Histoire – la grande, la petite, la moyenne… - et retrace les destins extraordinaires de personnalités qui n'auraient jamais pu se croiser, pour deux heures où le savoir et l'humour avancent main dans la main. Aujourd'hui, Malcolm Little qui a choisi le surnom de Malcolm X pour effacer le passé d'esclave de ses ancêtres et le nom resté associé, devenu, sous ce pseudonyme célèbre, l'une des figures de la lutte pour les droits des Afro-Américains.

Historiquement Vôtre réunit 3 personnages classés X (mais qui n'ont rien de pornographiques) : Malcolm Little qui a choisi le surnom de Malcolm X pour effacer le passé d'esclave de ses ancêtres et le nom resté associé, devenu, sous ce pseudonyme célèbre, l'une des figures de la lutte pour les droits des Afro-Américains. Puis, elle aussi, c'est aux Etats-Unis qu'elle est née, mais c'est en France qu'elle a vécu : la mondaine parisienne Virginie Gautreau, alias « Madame X » sur un tableau du peintre John Singer Sargent qui l'a représentée, sans se douter qu'il allait provoquer un véritable tollé… l'obligeant à gommer l'identité de son modèle ! Et un rappeur américain qui, à tout juste 24 ans, révolutionne l'univers du rap en assumant et revendiquant son homosexualité : Lil Nas X.

We're on vacation until the start of season four, Thursday, February 2nd! Until then, we're ecstatic to share the shows still living rent-free in our heads. Here's a favorite from our archives. As always, before discussing this week's book, we discuss a theme inspired by the book. This week's theme is The Power of Traveling Abroad. Then, on to our story: Many have their opinions about him. But this is his story told in his own words through a series of uninhibited conversations with one of the most influential authors of his time.  This is the story of Malcolm Little, who became Malcolm X. LET'S GET LIT!  Find Alexis and Kari online: Instagram — www.instagram.com/litsocietypod/; Twitter — twitter.com/litsocietypod; Facebook — www.facebook.com/LitSocietyPod/; and our website www.LitSocietyPod.com. Get in on the conversation by using #booksanddrama.

It would seem that life would end when a man went to prison, but for Malcolm Little it was a wake-up call. While incarcerated, he learned about the tenets of Islam and became a member of the Black Nationalist group, the Nation of Islam. He quickly rose to national prominence as their most influential figure... which ultimately led to his downfall. Denzel Washington, Spike Lee, and Angela Bassett star in Malcolm X. Watch the trailer here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sx4sEvhYeVE 

Day 1 “A man who stands for nothing will fall for anything.” - Malcolm X The Address: 3448 PINKNEY STREET OMAHA, NEBRASKA The Story: The historical marker is behind the building. You cannot see it from the parking lot. Near the historical marker lies a small structure that is supposed to resemble the original house. The original house was the brick-and-mortar dreams of Reverend Earl and Louise Little. The current building houses the Malcolm X Foundation. There are five sets of stairs inside to represent the five pillars of Islam. Outside the historical marker reads “El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz was born Malcolm Little at University Hospital Omaha,” although neighborhood historian Bertha Calloway says he was actually born at home, right there at 3448 Pinkney Ave, attended to by doctor W.D. Lear and assisted by doctor A.S. Pinto. It was common practice back then for official birth certificates to conceal home births by listing a hospital name. Malcolm would live in this house on the north side of Omaha for less than a year before the Nebraska KKK, which at the time had a membership of more than 45,000, including a women's branch, a kids club, an annual state convention, ran them out of town. Unfortunately, the family couldn't run far enough, and on the corner of E. Michigan Ave and Detroit St. in Lansing, Michigan the terror caught up to them, killing Earl Little. A quick google image search reveals that there is a Chevy car dealership sitting at the corner now. No one there to tell the story of how that intersection helped birth the great Malcolm X. But during this episode we will tell that story, a story that starts at 3448 Pinkney Street. The story of Malcolm's birth home is a story set amidst a red summer and a mob rising. It includes the story Louise Norton Langdon Little who was born in Saint Andrew Parish, Grenada to Ella Langdon who was the daughter of Jupiter and Mary Jane. We don't know if their names were printed in a family bible, or if Earl would have had a chance to grab that bible before taking his family and fleeing. What we do know is that the story didn't end there on that street and that that street birthed one of the greatest revolutionaries of anytime.

Depois de passar por uma série de violências raciais, Malcolm Little se converte ao Islã e dá seus primeiros passos como Malcolm X, uma das principais lideranças negras de seu tempo.APOIEEste episódio só foi possível graças a contribuição generosa de nossos apoiadores. Se você gosta do nosso trabalho, considere nos apoiar em apoia.se/historiapretaChave Pix: historiapreta@gmail.com--PUBLIVocê sabia que tem muita coisa que os livros de ciência não contaram para gente na escola sobre o corpo feminino? Aliás, você já parou pra pensar no que define um corpo feminino? Essa pergunta pode ser muito mais complexa do que parece. Acaba de estrear Corpo Especulado, uma série sobre a conflituosa e não tão científica relação entre ciência e o corpo feminino. No episódio mais recente, que é o segundo episódio, elas contam como um sujeito chamado J. Marion Sims, considerado “o pai da ginecologia moderna”, usou mulheres negras escravizadas como cobaias de seus questionáveis experimentos científicos. E também tentam desvendar onde estão as mulheres que contribuíram para a história da ginecologia.Corpo Especulado é um podcast feito por mulheres incríveis e é uma parceria entre o podcast 37 Graus e a revista AzMina. Ouça “Corpo Especulado” em todas as plataformas de áudio. OUÇA AGORA: https://pod.link/1637689025 e https://pod.link/1434967916--LOJAAcesse loja.historiapreta.com.br e vista nossa história.--FICHA TÉCNICAPesquisa, roteiro e apresentação Thiago AndréEdição de Som: Caio SantosSonorização: Janaína OliveiraRedes sociais e Gerência da comunidade: Carolina FerreiraIdentidade Visual: Raimundo Britto--Nos siga nas redes sociais no twitter @historiapreta e no Instagram @historia_pretaBIBLIOGRAFIACARSON, Clayborne. Malcolm X: The FBI File. New York: Skyhorse, 1991HALLEY, Alex e Malcolm X. The autobiography of Malcolm X. New York: Ballantine Books, 1987.HAMILTONMARABLE, Manning. Malcolm X: Uma Vida de Reinvenções. Companhia das Letras, 2013, Edição Kindle

This episode we talk about Malcolm X or Malcolm Little or Malik El-Shebazz.

The Season of Lee continues with Part 2 of our exploration of Malcolm X. In this episode we follow Malcolm Little as he commits crimes, is caught and sentenced to 10 years in prison but in many ways that was the best thing to ever happen to Malcolm as it is there that he first comes in contact with the teachings of Islam. Once again we are joined in they conversation by the great Andre Gordon. If you haven't seen this incredible film you can buy or stream it right here. https://amzn.to/3AAJRYE Don't forget to support The Cine-Files at https://www.patreon.com/TheCineFiles and purchase any film we feature at https://www.cine-files.net Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheCineFilesPod/?ref=bookmarks John @therochasays Steve @srmorris The Cine-Files Twitter @cine_files Instagram thecinefilespodcast --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/thecine-files/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thecine-files/support

Perseguido ainda na barriga de sua mãe pela Ku Klux Klan, com o pai morto por supremacistas, com professores da casa de abrigo racistas, você esperaria que o cara oferecesse mais amor e menos guerra e postasse "é sobre isso"? Separe trinta minutos do seu dia e aprenda com o professor Vítor Soares (@profvitorsoares) sobre a vida de Malcolm Little, mais conhecido como Malcom X.  - PIX e contato: historiaemmeiahora@gmail.com Apresentação: Prof. Vítor Soares Roteiro: Prof. Vítor Soares e Prof. Victor Alexandre (@profvictoralexandre) Edição: Victor Portugal --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/historiaemmeiahora/support

American Minister. Malcolm Little ran the streets from city to city as Detroit Red and New York Red after serving time for grand larceny, he emerged as Malcolm X. A representative of The Nation of Islam and The Black Nationalist and Civil rights movement. Instagram: @painpowerpodcast Email: Painpowerpodcast@gmail.com Sources: Malcolm X: Quotes, Movie & Autobiography - HISTORY Malcolm X Assassinated - HISTORY Malcolm X Biography – Malcolm X Malcolm X - Wikipedia The Lost Tapes: Malcolm X (Full Episode) - YouTube --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/velma-hood9/support

Baba, Iya & Lorne tha Jazzy Leo commemorate the life and legacy of al-Hajj Abdul Malik al-Shabazz-al-Sabann (a.k.a. Malcolm Little, Detroit Red, Malcolm X & Brother Omowale) on the 57th year since he was assassinated. PLAYLIST 1. People Get Up & Drive That Funky Soul by James Brown [INTRO] 2. My People...Hold On by Eddie Kendricks 3. Message to the System by Segments of Time 4. Malcolm X by Hal Singer 5. Blackenized by Hank Ballard 6. Slave by Prince 7. Malcolm X by Earl Sixteen 8. Malcolm X by Dennis Brown 9. Black Is Back by Lakim Shabazz 10. Power to the People, Free Our People by Black Panther Kids 11. Theme from the Motion Picture "Cleopatra Jones" by Joe Simon & The Mainstreeters [OUTRO] --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/jadestonevintagesoul/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/jadestonevintagesoul/support

durée : 00:54:45 - Affaires sensibles - par : Fabrice Drouelle, Christophe Barreyre - Ne l'appelez pas Malcolm Little. c'est le nom de son père, celui auquel il a répondu les 25 premières années de sa vie, celui qu'il aurait dû donner à ses enfants mais ce n'est pas son vrai nom… Malcolm X est noir. Little est le nom des Blancs qui gardaient sa famille en esclavage. - réalisé par : Marion Le Lay

Malcolm Little, eller Malcolm X som han också kallas, är känd som en av 1900-talets stora förkämpar för svartas rättigheter i USA och är en person som både kritiserats och hyllats. Malcolm X valde själv att bli muslim i vuxen ålder, han konverterade, och det var genom att han blev muslim som han också blev politiskt aktiv. För Malcolm X var hans muslimska tro en stor del av livet och islam blev till slut också nyckeln till insikten om alla människors lika värde.

Malcolm Little, connu sous le nom de Malcolm X, également connu sous le nom d'El-Hajj Malek El-Shabazz (en arabe : الحاج مالك الشباز), né le 19 mai 1925 à Omaha (Nebraska) et mort assassiné le 21 février 1965 à Harlem (État de New York), est un orateur, prêcheur, porte-parole de la Nation of Islam, militant politique et défenseur des droits de l'homme afro-américain. Après avoir été une voix majeure du nationalisme afro-américain et de Nation of Islam, il quitte ce dernier en 1964 pour rejoindre l'Islam sunnite et embrasser des vues plus universalistes, et devenir une figure de proue du mouvement américain des droits civiques. Dans les derniers mois de sa vie, il appelle à une unité des divers mouvements des droits civiques et se rapproche d'autres leaders afro-américains comme le pasteur baptiste Martin Luther King, John Lewis président du Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) ou encore Fannie Lou Hamer, icône charismatique du Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. En janvier 1965, lors d'une réunion du Congress of Racial Equality, il appelle à soutenir tout mouvement œuvrant pour les droits civiques. Malcolm X est l'une des quatre grandes icônes des mouvements afro-américains pour abolir les discriminations raciales aux États-Unis avec Rosa Parks, Daisy Bates et Martin Luther King pour la période qui va de 1954 à 1965. Dans certains États depuis 1979, le Malcolm X Day est un jour férié aux États-Unis.

Luis Varela hijo: abogado Natalicio de Malcom X: “l-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, nacido como Malcolm Little y conocido como Malcolm X fue un orador, ministro religioso y activista estadounidense. Fue un defensor de los derechos de los afroestadounidenses, un hombre que acusó duramente a los estadounidenses blancos de sus crímenes contra sus compatriotas negros”. Wikipedia Corte Suprema EEUU La Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos confirma que revisará la ley de aborto de Mississippi: ¿qué implicaciones tiene? https://www.semana.com/mundo/articulo/la-corte-suprema-de-estados-unidos-confirma-que-revisara-la-ley-de-aborto-de-mississippi-que-implicaciones-tiene/202118/ Supreme Court to Hear Mississippi Abortion Case in Major Challenge to Roe v. Wade https://www.democracynow.org/2021/5/18/headlines/supreme_court_to_hear_mississippi_abortion_case_in_major_challenge_to_roe_v_wade • No pinta bien para los progresistas con la nueva composición • La visión “originalista” • ¿Qué implica el caso de Mississippi? La Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos se pronunciará sobre el control de armas https://www.niusdiario.es/internacional/america-del-norte/corte-suprema-estados-unidos-pronunciara-control-armas_18_3129270166.html Implicaciones políticas de estas controversias • Es un asunto de una visión religiosa • En el caso de las armas es una interpretación extrema de un derecho constitucional • El tribunal es solo otro espacio sociopolítico donde se dan las luchas

Malcolm Little connu sous le nom de Malcolm X, également connu sous le nom d'El-Hajj Malek El-Shabazz (en arabe : الحاج مالك الشباز), né le 19 mai 1925 à Omaha (Nebraska) et mort assassiné le 21 février 1965 à Harlem (État de New York), est un militant politique et défenseur des droits de l'homme américain. Après avoir été une voix majeure du nationalisme afro-américain et de Nation of Islam, il quitte ce dernier en 1964, pour rejoindre l'Islam sunnite et embrasser des vues plus universalistes, et devenir une figure de proue du mouvement des droits civiques. Dans les derniers mois de sa vie, il appelle à une unité des divers mouvements des droits civiques et se rapproche d'autres leaders afro-américains comme Martin Luther King, John  Lewis président du Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Fannie Lou  Hamer icone charismatique du Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. En janvier 1965 lors d'une réunion du Congress of Racial Equality il appelle à un soutien à tout mouvement œuvrant pour les droits civiques. Malcolm X fait partie des quatre grandes icônes des mouvements afro-américains pour abolir les discriminations raciales aux États-Unis avec Rosa Parks, Daisy Bates et Martin Luther King pour la période qui va de 1954 à 1965. Au contraire des trois autres il suscite la polémique, certains l'aiment, l'adulent en font un héros exemplaire de la cause des Afro-Américains et d'autres le haïssent en font un traître qui a mérité son assassinat du 21 février 1965.

Malcolm Little, connu sous le nom de Malcolm X, également connu sous le nom d'El-Hajj Malek El-Shabazz (en arabe : الحاج مالك الشباز), né le 19 mai 1925 à Omaha (Nebraska) et mort assassiné le 21 février 1965 à Harlem (État de New York), est un orateur, prêcheur, porte-parole de la Nation of Islam, militant politique et défenseur des droits de l'homme afro-américain. Après avoir été une voix majeure du nationalisme afro-américain et de Nation of Islam, il quitte ce dernier en 1964 pour rejoindre l'Islam sunnite et embrasser des vues plus universalistes, et devenir une figure de proue du mouvement américain des droits civiques. Dans les derniers mois de sa vie, il appelle à une unité des divers mouvements des droits civiques et se rapproche d'autres leaders afro-américains comme le pasteur baptiste Martin Luther King, John Lewis président du Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) ou encore Fannie Lou Hamer, icône charismatique du Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. En janvier 1965, lors d'une réunion du Congress of Racial Equality, il appelle à soutenir tout mouvement œuvrant pour les droits civiques. Malcolm X est l'une des quatre grandes icônes des mouvements afro-américains pour abolir les discriminations raciales aux États-Unis avec Rosa Parks, Daisy Bates et Martin Luther King pour la période qui va de 1954 à 1965. Dans certains États depuis 1979, le Malcolm X Day est un jour férié aux États-Unis.

Malcolm Little connu sous le nom de Malcolm X, également connu sous le nom d'El-Hajj Malek El-Shabazz (en arabe : الحاج مالك الشباز), né le 19 mai 1925 à Omaha (Nebraska) et mort assassiné le 21 février 1965 à Harlem (État de New York), est un militant politique et défenseur des droits de l'homme américain. Après avoir été une voix majeure du nationalisme afro-américain et de Nation of Islam, il quitte ce dernier en 1964, pour rejoindre l'Islam sunnite et embrasser des vues plus universalistes, et devenir une figure de proue du mouvement des droits civiques. Dans les derniers mois de sa vie, il appelle à une unité des divers mouvements des droits civiques et se rapproche d'autres leaders afro-américains comme Martin Luther King, John  Lewis président du Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Fannie Lou  Hamer icone charismatique du Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. En janvier 1965 lors d'une réunion du Congress of Racial Equality il appelle à un soutien à tout mouvement œuvrant pour les droits civiques. Malcolm X fait partie des quatre grandes icônes des mouvements afro-américains pour abolir les discriminations raciales aux États-Unis avec Rosa Parks, Daisy Bates et Martin Luther King pour la période qui va de 1954 à 1965. Au contraire des trois autres il suscite la polémique, certains l'aiment, l'adulent en font un héros exemplaire de la cause des Afro-Américains et d'autres le haïssent en font un traître qui a mérité son assassinat du 21 février 1965.

Leader emblématique de la communauté afro-américaine, Malcolm X a marqué la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle. Mais avant de porter ce pseudonyme, le natif d'Omaha s'appelait simplement « Malcolm Little ». Pourquoi, alors, avoir choisi cette mystérieuse lettre « X » comme nom de militant ? See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

FEATURING ILYASAH SHABAZZ – Before he was El-Hajj Malik El- Shabazz,​ Malcolm ​X was Malcolm Little, a Black youth in 1940s America. Sentenced to years in prison, as a young man and precursor to the revolutionary he became, Malcolm read books, befriended other prisoners, and reflected deeply on his life. Those formative years are captured...

Historian Clarence Lang joins us for a conversation about Malcolm X. We discuss his commitment to Black pride and self-determination and his rejection of the white gaze and the myth of American exceptionalism. Learn how teaching about the life and works of Malcolm X can illuminate the universe of possibilities of the civil rights movement—and the diversity of ideology, strategy and political thought within the Black freedom struggle. Our latest Spotify playlist has even more Movement Music inspired by this episode.  Tyree Boyd-Pates has posted some great photos of Malcolm Little in this Twitter thread. In the news, the Washington Post published a recently discovered letter attesting to FBI involvement in the assassination of Malcolm X.  And here's a quick guide to teaching the Autobiography of Malcolm X from Penguin Random House. And visit the enhanced episode transcript for additional classroom resources about Malcolm X. Educators! Get a professional development certificate for listening to this episode—issued by Learning for Justice. Listen for the special code word, then visit tolerance.org/podcastpd.

As always, before discussing this week's book, we discuss a theme inspired by the book. This week's theme is The Power of Traveling Abroad. Then, on to our story: Many have their opinions about him. But this is his story told in his own words, through a series of uninhibited conversations with one of the most influential authors of his time. This is the story of Malcolm Little, who became Malcolm X...LET'S GET LIT! Find Alexis and Kari online: Instagram — www.instagram.com/litsocietypod/; Twitter — twitter.com/litsocietypod; Facebook — www.facebook.com/LitSocietyPod/; and our website www.LitSocietyPod.com. Get in on the conversation by using #booksanddrama.

He was born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska- and he became one of the most celebrated, influential and misunderstood leaders of the Civil Rights movement of the 1960sMalcolm X was a Muslim Minister and human rights activist - best known as a pioneer of the Black Nationalist Movement and as an apostle for self-respect and uncompromising resistance to white oppression.By the time he was assassinated 56 years ago this week - Malcolm X had become one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history.He is credited with raising the self-esteem of Black Americans and reconnecting them with their African heritage. He is largely responsible for the spread of Islam in the Black community in the United States.Many African Americans, especially those who lived in cities in the Northern and Western United States, felt that Malcolm X better articulated their struggle against racism and inequality than the mainstream civil rights movement did.He argued that if the U.S. government was unwilling or unable to protect Black people, Black people should protect themselves.Although he had publicly criticized the mainstream civil rights movement for its emphasis on nonviolence and racial integration - after he left the Nation of Islam in March of 1964, Malcolm X declared his willingness to cooperate with that Movement.Of those civil rights leaders he said: “I've forgotten everything bad that [they] have said about me, and I pray they can also forget the many bad things I've said about them."Originally delivered in Cleveland, on April 3rd 1964 - this recorded version was delivered in April 12th in Detroit.Today, historians regard “The Ballot or the Bullet” as one of the most influential speech in American history. Far from a call to violence – Malcolm X sought educate his community as to the extent of their political power:The whites are so evenly divided that every time they vote, the race is so close they have to go back and count the votes all over again. Which means that any block, any minority that has a block of votes that stick together is in a strategic position. Either way you go, that's who gets it. You're in a position to determine who'll go to the White House and who'll stay in the doghouse. While distancing himself from the Nation of Islam - Malcolm X described his continued commitment to Black Nationalism, which he defined as the philosophy that African Americans should control the political, economic and social destinies of their own communities.Like many of the great speeches we feature - Malcolm X tied his and his people’s struggle to American’s Founding and embraced the spirit of the American Revolution:The white man made the mistake of letting me read his history books. He made the mistake of teaching me that Patrick Henry was a patriot, and George Washington – there wasn't nothing non-violent about ol' Pat, or George Washington. "Liberty or death"- is what brought about the freedom of whites in this country from the English.This is why I say it's the ballot or the bullet. It's liberty or it's death. It's freedom for everybody or freedom for nobody.Here is Malcolm X’s historic speech - "The Ballot or the Bullet" - in its entirety. Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/words-matter. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Nathan Robinson, founder and editor-in-chief of Current Affairs magazine, has been writing a column for The Guardian U.S. since 2017. Then, without warning, The Guardian stopped accepting his pitches after Robinson tweeted criticisms of U.S. arms sales to Israel. In the first segment of this week's "Marc Steiner Show," Marc talks to Robinson about the still-unfolding saga and what it portends for the future of free speech in mainstream media.Then, we take a deep dive into the political and familial roots of Malcolm X. This Sunday, Feb. 21, 2021, marks the 56th anniversary of Malcolm X's assassination. In honor of Malcolm's life and legacy, Marc talks to Tamara Payne, co-author of the National Book Award-winning biography "The Dead Are Arising," about how Malcolm Little became Malcolm X.

Malcolm X was an intriguing leader of the Black Power movement in the early 1960s, in part because of two sides of his persona – charismatic and angry. The origins of those traits are part of “The Dead Are Rising,” the biography of Malcolm X compiled by journalist Les Payne and his daughter Tamara Payne. Malcolm Little was born in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925. His parents, active followers of the teachings of Marcus Garvey, taught their eight children to take pride in their African and Caribbean heritage. Within a few years, the family would endure the brutal bias of the Ku Klux Klan, including the loss of land ownership and, Malcolm believed, the death of his father. As young adults, the Little siblings followed in their father’s footsteps as community organizers, albeit in a different direction. They became devout followers of Elijah Muhammad, leader of the Nation of Islam (NOI). Malcolm became a national spokesperson for the organization, though he eventually questioned Muhammad’s leadership and began to study how Islam was practiced in the Middle East and in Africa. It was a transformative experience shortly before his assassination in 1965. The identity of his killer is one of many questions explored by the Paynes in “The Dead Are Arising.” The scenes leading up to that event read like a movie script. The authors provide a detailed timeline and in-depth interviews with people witnessed Malcolm’s murder.

Wanted to do a little something different today, and thought I would read a book. A children's book I want my kids to be able to hear me read through. I hope you enjoy it. Also, I do not own the rights to this book or any of the contents of the book. I am simply doing a read through, and I am not being paid in any way to read it. Enjoy! "Malcolm Little" The boy who became Malcolm X Written by: Ilyasah Shabazz Illustrated by: AG Ford Narration: Ian Demers --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/ianprowess/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/ianprowess/support

In 1990, Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative journalist Les Payne embarked on a nearly thirty-year-long quest to interview anyone he could find who had actually known Malcolm X. His goal was ambitious: to transform what would become over a hundred hours of interviews into an unprecedented portrait of Malcolm X, one that would separate fact from fiction. Following Payne’s unexpected death in 2018, his daughter Tamara Payne heroically completed the biography. Presented by the Northwest African American Museum and Town Hall Seattle, the Payne family joined us to share from the final biography, The Dead Are Arising: The Life of Malcolm X. Drawing on hundreds of hours of interviews—with all living siblings of the Malcolm Little family, classmates, street friends, cellmates, Nation of Islam figures, FBI moles and cops, and political leaders around the world—she traced his life from his Nebraska birth in 1925 to his Harlem assassination in 1965. Payne explored how her father corrects the historical record and delivers extraordinary revelations with a biographer’s unwavering determination. She discussed the intensive research process, and introduces a penetrating and riveting biography that affirms the centrality of Malcolm X to the African American freedom struggle. In a moment of renewed vigor for the struggle in Black freedom, this presentation is essential viewing. Tamara Payne is Les Payne’s daughter and served as his principal researcher. Buy the Book: https://www.elliottbaybook.com/book/9781631491665  Presented by Town Hall Seattle and the Northwest African American Museum. 

What's going on everyone, Welcome to another edition of Confessions of a Native Son, I'm your host Mike Steadman. I'm a Marine Corps Veteran, Entrepreneur, and Aspiring author, who enjoys thought-provoking and engaging dialogue about race, culture, and business.In preparation for Season 2 of "Confessions of a Native Son," I've decided to share with you bonus material that has shaped my perspective on how I view the world, particularly as a black male. In the following episode, I share with you a speech of the controversial civil rights leader, El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, commonly known as Malcolm X. Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little; May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) was an African American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a popular figure during the civil rights movement. He is best known for his time spent as a vocal spokesman for the Nation of Islam. Malcolm X is an icon within the black community and on April 3, 1964, he delivered one of the most epic speeches of all time, "The Ballot or the Bullet." This is one of the top 10 American speeches of all-time, and I go out of my way to listen to it at least twice a year. I believe his speech is relevant just as much today, as when he first delivered it. If this is your first time listening to Malcolm X, I ask you to open your ears and open your minds.

Investigative journalist Les Payne spent 28 years working on his biography, The Dead Are Arising: The Life of Malcolm X, but died before the book could be completed. This week, we speak with his daughter Tamara Payne, who was his chief research on the project and finished the book. In the first of five conversations, Payne discusses Malcolm X’s early life, when he was Malcolm Little, and how the ideas of Marcus Garvey influenced generations of the Little family as they faced segregation and the threat of racially motivated violence.

Aaron Stevens speaks with Malcolm Little, General Manager of the Tasmanian Automobile Chamber of Commerce.

In 2017 Thomas Muhammad produced a film Malcolm X: An Overwhelming Influence on the Black Power Movement! The film is a brilliant and sensitive telling of the story of one of the United States’ most significant human rights activists. Through interviews with family and friends of Malcolm, the film tells the story of Malcolm Little’s childhood and young adulthood, and how he eventually became Malcolm X. The post Thomas Muhammad – Filmmaker – Malcolm X: An Overwhelming Influence on the Black Power Movement! appeared first on Paradigms Podcast.

Enjoy our presentation of X: a Novel written by Ilyasah Shabazz  and Kekla Magoon, and published by Candlewick Press. Malcolm Little's parents have always told him that he can achieve anything, but from what he can tell, that's a pack of lies. There's no point in trying, he figures, and lured by the nightlife of Boston and New York, he escapes into a world of fancy suits, jazz, girls, and reefer. But Malcolm's efforts to leave the past behind lead him into increasingly dangerous territory. X follows the boy who would become Malcolm X from his childhood to his imprisonment for theft at age twenty, when he found the faith that would lead him to forge a new path and command a voice that still resonates today.This title is a 2016 NAACP Image Award-winner and Coretta Scott King Author Honor book. X: a Novel is recommended for ages 14+ for violence, language, and references to drug use. Please visit Common Sense Media for more information and reviews: http://bit.ly/XReviewsThis title is available as an ebook through Libby: http://bit.ly/XLibbyEbookPlease visit www.calvertlibrary.info for more information.Music: Sad Clown (excerpt) by Orquesta Arrecife. Licensed under CC BY-SA 1.0 http://www.opsound.org/artist/orquestaarrecife/

Aaron Stevens speaks with Malcolm Little, General Manager of the Tasmanian Automobile Chamber of Commerce.

Karen interviews producer of "Who Killed Malcolm X?" Abdur Rahman Muhammed.

Today Riley shares Malcolm Little's journey to crafting a life of significance becoming the great Malcolm X. Riley hopes you found value in this episode that will propel some aspect of your life. If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe wherever you listened along with leaving a review to assist in enabling others to hear this episode. Sign up for CrowdQuestion free and follow The Moore You Know Podcast to ask Riley questions surrounding what was discussed. CHECK OUT MY BOOK HERE - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B084DHWN69 CHECK OUT THE CHARITY BOOK DRIVE HERE - https://www.gofundme.com/f/young-men-in-juvie-amp-foster-homes DOWNLOAD CrowdQuestion FREE AT https://www.CrowdQuestion.com

Im Gefängnis lernte Malcolm Little die "Nation of Islam" kennen. Er legte seinen Sklavennamen "Little" ab und nannte sich fortan Melcom X. Nach seiner Entlassung entwickelte er sich zu einem der Führungsköpfe der "Nation of Islam".

durée : 00:58:52 - Une vie, une oeuvre - par : Irène Omélianenko - Enfant pauvre du Michigan, issu d'une famille modeste martyrisée par le Ku Klux Klan, jeune délinquant emprisonné plusieurs années puis icône de la libération des Noirs, Malcolm X a eu plusieurs noms, plusieurs vies, et ses prises de parole rageuses continuent de provoquer de vifs débats. - invités : Nicole Bacharan spécialiste de la société américaine et des relations franco-américaines.; Sarah Fila-Bakabadio historienne en études américaines et afro-américaines, Maître de conférence à l'Université de Cergy Pontoise.; Romuald Fonkoua universitaire, rédacteur en chef de " Présence Africaine".; Caroline Rolland-Diamond Professeure d'histoire des Etats-Unis à l'Université Paris Nanterre; Mohamed Rouabhi comédien, dramaturge, metteur en scène, auteur d'une pièce sur Malcolm X.

In Episode 37 of The $300 Startup Podcast... I talk about Alive Time vs. Dead Time. Before using his prison sentence as Alive time (instead of the often dead time), Malcolm Little was just another criminal, what was supposed to be the worst years of his life instead turned into a transformation of a lifetime, He poured himself into information, books...even rewrote the dictionary. Malcolm Little came out as Malcolm X...the rest is history Before you go... The very purpose of ALIVE time is to accomplish what you've always put to the side... I couldn't find a better time to dig in and change your circumstance, I got a few ways to help you with that... Get the Free Checklist (with a bonus) here: https://spotlightcoalition.com/freechecklistoffer If your ambitious, take that free checklist and watch this webinar here: https://300dollarstartup.com/webinar-access-sign-up and if you want to learn how to make a product around your skills and actually sell it? I'm doing a FREE 6-week training on how to do that over in my Facebook Group... I've seen information like this go for thousands, I'm doing it for Free! Head on over https://www.facebook.com/groups/YouDecidedToStartABusiness/ These 3 links, with enough effort from you, can transform your life...

Spike Lee’s “Malcolm X” paints a nuanced portrait of a historical icon — as a human being who was constantly searching for his truth and who was willing to change his mind in public, over and over again. The movie takes us through the various chapters of Malcolm X’s life: first as Malcolm Little, then, in his early 20s, as “Detroit Red,” to his rise as Malcolm X, the activist preserved in history books today — and beyond. Activist and poet Andrea Jenkins related to Malcolm X’s experience of transformation and evolution portrayed in the movie. She’s a city council member in Minneapolis and was the first openly transgender black woman elected to office in the United States. She joined us for a live recording and screening of the movie at the Parkway Theater in Minneapolis.Andrea Jenkins is a poet, politician, performance artist, and transgender activist. She’s the vice president of the Minneapolis city council. Her book is "The T is Not Silent: New and Selected Poems."Find the transcript at https://onbeing.org/series/this-movie-changed-me/Subscribe to our weekly newsletter at https://onbeing.org/tmcmletter/

It’s the birthday of civil rights leader Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925. His autobiography was almost finished when he was assassinated in 1965.

Malcolm X was born in 1925 as Malcolm Little in Omaha to Earl and Louise Little, but lived in Omaha less than a year. His story in the city is longer though, where leaders have never managed to memorialize him with a building, street, park, library or museum. Adam Fletcher Sasse guides us through a biography of Malcolm X in Omaha. Help us meet expenses and keep the light on at the North Omaha History Podcast by becoming a patron. Please go to Patreon.com/Omaha

BANG! @southernvangard #radio Ep 195! Hey hey hey hey hey hey hey hey HEY - wait just ONE second - the clock hasn’t run out yet, it’s still Tuesday - as long as drops by 11:59pm on Tuesday, we good. Per the usual, Doe & Meeks have a fresh batch of that raw uncut on our Ep195 mix, like they do every week - with a side of colorful commentary to boot, all the while munching on healthy rap snacks and drinking fine bourbon & beers. These two also managed another interview session for you this week via East Baltimore - the one and only JAY ROYALE! Check snippets of the interview at the end of the mix, the full interview drops on Thursday! You should know better by now - but if ya don’t….we always serve up that #smithsoniangrade #twiceaweek #WeAreTheGard // southernvangard.com // @southernvangard on #applepodcasts #stitcherradio #soundcloud #mixcloud #youtube // #hiphop #rap #undergroundhiphop #boombap #DJ #mix #interview #podcast #ATL #WORLDWIDE #RIPCOMBATJACK Recorded live January 20, 2019 @ Dirty Blanket Studios, Marietta, GA southernvangard.com @southernvangard on #applepodcasts #stitcherradio #soundcloud #mixcloud #youtube twitter/IG: @jondoeatl @southernvangard @cappuccinomeeks Talk Break Inst. Prod. Klim Beats Talk Break Inst. - "Stealing" - Klim Beats "Malcolm Little" - Jay Royale (cuts DJ TMB, prod. Mika Dough) "Half Moon Ceasars" - Jay Royale (cuts DJ Grazzhoppa, prod. Mute Won) "The Aspiration" - Jay Royale ft. Lonnie Moore (prod. August Flight Gordon) "The Unknown (Peace)" - FifthGod ft. Tragedy Khadafi, Muney Mac & King Critical "Class Is In Session" - Explizit One ft. Ruste Juxx, King Magnetic & Illa Ghee (prod. Explizit One) "Vintage Wizards" - Vendetta Kingz ft. Sean Price Talk Break Inst. - "Dramatic" - Klim Beats "Hit Me Now" - Clear Soul Forces "Deep Shadows" - White Owl (prod. Bombeardo) "Everybody In The Place" - The Good People ft. Large Professor "Break It Down" - Revolutionary Rhythm "It's Time" - AZ Talk Break Inst. - "First Satellite" - Klim Beats "Run That! (The Pledge)" - Al.Divino "Above Ground" - Ice Lord "Stone Majesty" - Ca$ablanca (prod. Eyedee) "Smokine Gun" - 38 Spesh (prod. 38 Spesh) "No Seat Belts" - Rick Hyde ft. Benny The Butcher "Carnation Milk" - Brown Bag Money x Da Cloth (prod. Futurewave) "Langosta" - CRIMEAPPLE (prod. MichaelAngelo) Talk Break Inst. - "Shiva" - Klim Beats Interview Snippets - Jay Royale

There's No Such Thing As A Grey Sky by Malcolm Little

Inner Peace Meditation by Malcolm Little

American black leader Malcolm X assassinated. Malcolm Little was born on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska, one of eight children. After years of family tragedy and a troubled youth, Malcolm found himself in prison, where he proceeded to educate himself. His reading influenced him to begin following the Nation of Islam’s (NOI) leader Elijah Muhammad. By the time Malcolm left prison in 1952, he was a devoted Muslim and member of the NOI who’d discarded what he called his “slave” name for the name Malcolm X. He became a spokesman for the NOI, whose message of empowerment for black Americans increased the organization’s membership from 500 to 30,000. (The surge caught the eye of the FBI.) Malcolm X became disillusioned with Muhammad and the NOI when he learned that the leader he revered was having sex with six different women, behaviour that went against the organization’s teachings. He left the NOI to create his own organization and embark on a pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia. Malcolm X returned from that journey with a message of harmony for all races, not just African Americans. However, leaving the NOI left him with many enemies and on February 14, 1965, attackers firebombed his house. Although his pregnant wife and their four daughters escaped unharmed, a week later, tragedy struck again. On February 21, 1965, while speaking to a crowd of supporters in Manhattan’s Audubon Ballroom, Malcolm X was shot dead by three members of the NOI. He was 39 years old. A few months after his death, his wife Betty gave birth to twin daughters. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Malcolm Little was born in 1925, the son of a Baptist Minister influenced by the ‘Back to Africa’ teachings of Marcus Garvey. Following a turbulent childhood, Malcolm fell into criminality and was imprisoned in 1946. While in prison, Malcolm was exposed to the Black Muslim faith and joined the separatist religious group, the ‘Nation of Islam’, led by Elijah Muhammad. Malcolm X was a passionate and articulate speaker for the NOI, as well as a talented and tireless evangelical for the movement. He established numerous NOI temples and made countless fiery speeches across the USA. Eventually, Malcolm fell out with the NOI and Elijah Muhammad in 1964 and set up his own religious group – the MMI – as well as his own secular group – the OAAU. Prior to his assassination in 1965 by NOI members, Malcolm had started to move towards the Civil Rights ‘mainstream’ and temper his racial views. He spent moths travelling across Arabia and Africa, ‘internationalising’ the struggle of black Americans. Malcolm is often credited with inspiring the ‘Black Power’ movement and Afro-American inspired media. In this episode, Elliot supports the achievements of Malcolm X, while Patrick offers a critical appraisal of the iconic Afro-American leader. For terms of use, please visit www.versushistory.com

When Malcolm Little was born on May 19, 1925, he was immediately met with instability. That instability followed him for most of his life, until he found a new faith in Allah. That new faith sparked a passion that hadn't existed before. It's a passion that carried him far--far enough that you've certainly heard his name--just not the one he was born with. Music: "Thinking Music" & "Drone in D" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Malcolm X who was born in Omaha, Nebraska on May 19th 1925 from his mother Louise Norton Little and his father Earl Little. He was one of 8 children and grew up in a very proactive household. His father, Earl who was a baptist minister was very outspoken and was a large supporter of the Black Nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. Being outspoken came with its consequences, his father would receive death threats from a white supremacist organization Black Legion. They were forced to move to avoid the threats but less than a year later their house was burned, and two years later he was found dead. It was presumed an accident and after his death his mother became insane and had to go to a mental institution in which all the kids went to foster care. As Malcolm grew up he bounced from home to home and eventually in 1946 he was arrested for burglary. During his time in prison he reflected on his life and his brother would visit him, he introduced him to Nation of Islam. He then took very close following of the leader Elijah Muhammad, and when he got out he decided to get involved. He then changed his name from Malcolm Little to Malcolm X to get rid of his slave name. Most importantly he became the spokesperson for the NOI because he was very intelligent and articulate. He used television, radio and newspapers to spread his beliefs and ideas with the world. The NOI grew from 500 to 30,000 followers in 10 years. Malcolm X was very controversial and his statements brought outrage from the public. He told his followers to break away from racism “by any means necessary” which means violence is acceptable. Separate from his rival Martin Luther King who was anti-aggression, Malcolm often scolded MLK for being friends with the white man. He said “You don’t have a peaceful revolution” and “You don’t have a turn the cheek revolution. There’s no such thing as a nonviolent revolution”. These words had an effect on the people of America due to his pro-violence views. These statements won him large amounts of followers but also brought many critics. One of the critics was MLK himself saying “I feel that Malcolm has done himself and our people a great disservice.” showing the feelings he has for Malcolm’s opinions. In 1963 Malcolm was betrayed by his most coveted friend Elijah Muhammad. He had followed Muhammad’s teachings for many year only to find out that Elijah himself was breaking some of the most important rules of his religion. He was having affairs with numerous women and it caused a huge outbreak for Malcolm to handle. He then separated himself from NOI and moved on to start his own organization. The death of Malcolm X was monumental for the civil rights movement. He was killed in 1965 at the Audobon ballroom in Manhattan. He was shot 15 times at point blank range by members of the NOI. This allowed Martin Luther King to take Malcolm’s followers and move forward with the civil rights movement. Without Malcolm X the civil rights movement would have been drastically different.

Malcolm X May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965 born Malcolm Little was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist. To his admirers he was a courageous advocate for the rights of blacks, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans; detractors accused him of preaching racism and violence. He has been called one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history. Malcolm X was effectively orphaned early in life. His father was killed when he was six and his mother was placed in a mental hospital when he was thirteen, after which he lived in a series of foster homes. In 1946, at age 20, he went to prison for larceny and breaking and entering. While in prison, Malcolm X became a member of the Nation of Islam, and after his parole in 1952, quickly rose to become one of the organization's most influential leaders. He served as the public face of the controversial group for a dozen years. In his autobiography, Malcolm X wrote proudly of some of the social achievements the Nation made while he was a member, particularly its free drug rehabilitation program. The Nation promoted black supremacy, advocated the separation of black and white Americans, and rejected the civil rights movement for its emphasis on integration. By March 1964, Malcolm X had grown disillusioned with the Nation of Islam and its leader Elijah Muhammad. Expressing many regrets about his time with them, which he had come to regard as largely wasted, he embraced Sunni Islam. After a period of travel in Africa and the Middle East, which included completing the Hajj, he repudiated the Nation of Islam, disavowed racism and founded Muslim Mosque, Inc. and the Organization of Afro-American Unity. He continued to emphasize Pan-Africanism, black self-determination, and black self-defense. In February 1965, he was assassinated by three members of the Nation of Islam.

ILYASAH AL SHABAZZ – Third daughter of Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz, is an educator, social activist, motivational speaker, and author of award winning publications: (1) Growing Up X (Random House) a coming of age memoir; (2) Malcolm Little (Simon & Schuster), a children's illustration book and (3) X, A Novel (Candlewick Press) a young adult historical fiction. Ilyasah promotes higher education for at-risk youth, interfaith dialogue to build bridges between cultures for young leaders of the world, and she participates on international humanitarian delegations. Ilyasah produced training programs to encourage higher education sanctioned by City University of New York's Office of Academic Affairs. She served for twelve years on the Executive Youth Board for the City of Mount Vernon, including appointments as Director of Public Relations, Director of Public Affairs & Special Events, and later promoted to Director of Cultural Affairs. She is a member of the Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Committee at West Virginia University. She is a mentor for Nile Rogers' We Are Family Foundation. She mentors at various group homes, lock-up facilities, high schools and college campuses through production of The WAKE-UP Tour™ X-Tra Credit Forums—her exclusive youth empowerment program. Ilyasah has retraced her father's footsteps to the Holy City of Mecca, explored religious and historical sites in both Egypt and Jordan as the guest of HRH Princess Alia Hussein, participated in interfaith dialogue study programs under Rabbi Nancy Kreimer and Dr. Aziza Al Hibri, and served as member of the American Interfaith Leadership delegation that participated with the Malaria No More Foundation in Mali, West Africa. Ilyasah also served as a member of the United States delegation that accompanied President Bill Clinton to South Africa to commemorate election of President Nelson Mandela and the economic business development initiative. Ilyasah serves as Trustee for the Harlem Symphonic Orchestra, The Malcolm X & Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center, and The Malcolm X Foundation. She is a member of the Arts Committee for the New York City Opera at Lincoln Center and a project advisor for the PBS award-winning Prince Among Slaves documentary. She holds a Master of Science in Education & Human Resource Development from Fordham University and a Bachelor of Science in Biology from SUNY/New Paltz. Ilyasah is currently an adjunct professor at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, and resides in Westchester County, New York.For further information, please contact, Dr. Jamal Watson, at jamal@ilyasahshabazz.comwww.ilyasahshabazz.com http://Twitter.com/ilyasahshabazzX: A NOVEL, Candlewick Press. (1/2015) MALCOLM LITTLE, Simon & Schuster. (1/2014) GROWING UP X, Random House. (1/2002)This show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/1198501/advertisement

TESTO DELL'ARTICOLO ➜ https://www.bastabugie.it/it/articoli.php?id=3154MARTIN LUTHER KING: IL ''LATO OSCURO'' DEL LEADER NERO CHE ''AVEVA UN SOGNO'' di Giuseppe BrienzaMartin Luther King, nato "Michael King", ad Atlanta il 15 gennaio 1929, è morto a soli 39 anni a Memphis, il 4 aprile 1968. Politico, attivista e pastore protestante (battista) statunitense, è stato nel 1964 il più giovane Premio Nobel per la pace del mondo.IL "MITO SVELATO": GARROW ED IL GRUPPO DELLA STANFORD UNIVERSITYPochi sanno che, negli anni 1980, i lavori di un gruppo di ricerca istituito alla Stanford University per la pubblicazione dell'Opera omnia di King, sono stati bruscamente interrotti perché l'editore, già pronto da tempo, ha improvvisamente rinunciato alla stampa delle opere annunciate. Dopo i primi giorni di lavoro, infatti, i membri, discepoli e ammiratori fedelissimi del leader nero, si sono detti, testualmente, «increduli, sconvolti, avviliti» da quanto andava profilandosi sotto i loro occhi. Ma cosa era successo?Ha scritto Vittorio Messori che, i componenti del gruppo di lavoro della Stanford University, hanno «scoperto che buona parte di ciò che King ha lasciato — dai discorsi ai libri era stato copiato da altri autori: spesso, senza citare affatto la fonte; talvolta, limitandosi a una piccola nota che non faceva però sospettare l'imponenza del plagio. David Garrow, vincitore di un Premio Pulitzer per una biografia del pastore dall'impegnativo titolo di Portando la croce, ha dichiarato: "La scoperta è stata per me un forte trauma. Perché l'ha fatto? La cosa è ancor più sconvolgente perché non rientra nell'immagine dell'uomo che ho conosciuto e amato"» (V. Messori, M.L. King, in La sfida della Fede, SugarCo, Milano 2008, p. 488).IL «MOVIMENTO PER I DIRITTI CIVILI»Com'è nata la leadership di M. L. King a capo del «Movimento per i diritti civili»? Tutto è partito dal "caso dell'Arkansas", del 1957, che vide l'esclusione, da parte del governatore "sudista", di nove studenti negri dall'High School di Little Rock per evitare incidenti coi circa 2000 studenti bianchi iscritti. Il politico a capo della comunità fra le più conservatrici degli Stati Uniti ricorse alla Guardia nazionale, da lui dipendente, per impedire l'accesso alla scuola da parte dei negri.Il Presidente Eisenhower non poteva certo permettere che gli ordini del governo federale fossero disattesi da un governo "locale" e, pertanto, inviò un reparto dell'Esercito americano per scortare da casa a scuola gli studenti neri con soldati in pieno assetto di combattimento. Tale imposizione provocò incidenti che portarono appunto Martin Luther King a mettersi a capo di un "Movimento per i diritti civili" che, in primo luogo, avrebbe dovuto tutelare gli "American Negroes".King, alla maniera di Gandhi, scelse fin da subito di ricorrere a metodi di lotta non violenti come il boicottaggio di autobus, la convocazione di "marce per la pace" di soli negri, sit-in davanti ai ristoranti e ai locali riservati ai bianchi etc. Alla fine del 1957 il Congresso americano si vide quindi costretto ad approvare una legge sui diritti civili che dichiarava illegale la discriminazione dei negri nelle liste elettorali.MLK fu ucciso da un colpo di fucile di precisione sparatogli alla testa il 4 aprile 1968 mentre stava sul balcone di un Motel a Memphis, Tennessee. Anche nella morte violenta il pensiero politicamente corretto lo accomuna a Malcolm Little (1925-1965), detto Malcolm X, assassinato a New York durante una conferenza.Quest'ultimo, lungi dall'essere l'eroe che spesso ci si presenta, fu dapprima un delinquente, poi un fondamentalista islamico. In prigione dal 1946 al 1952 per furto, Little studiando da autodidatta fu attratto dai Black Muslims, movimento fondato da Elijha Muhammad, di cui divenne leader per 12 anni, cioè fino all'espulsione, che avvenne nel dicembre 1963. L'anno successivo, divenuto Malcolm X per rivendicare le sue ascendenze non-americane, fondò la Islam Nation, la "nazione dell'Islam", andando in pellegrinaggio alla Mecca.In The Autobiography of Malcolm X (1965) egli parla espressamente del suo passaggio da rapinatore e trafficante di droga del ghetto di Harlem a rivoluzionario islamista in servizio permanente effettivo. Eppure, da ultimo il regista americano Bryan Singer, nello scrivere il soggetto del noto film X-men (Usa 2011), ha esplicitamente modellato i suoi eroi sulle due figure a suo avviso fondamentali della storia americana, Martin Luther King appunto, e Malcolm X, «in sostanza mossi da ideali comuni, ma lontani nei metodi e nella Weltanschauung più profonda» (Armando Fumagalli-Luisa Cotta Ramosino, Scegliere un film 2011, Edizioni Ares, Milano 2011, p. 385).IL LIBRO PIÙ NOTO DI KING, «THE STRENGTH TO LOVE»Il libro più noto di King è The Strength to Love (Harper & Row, New York 1963), La forza di amare una raccolta di sermoni e preghiere che, anche in Italia, si rivelò negli anni 1960 un best seller straordinario, apprezzato soprattutto negli ambienti cattolici e, persino, ecclesiastici. Eppure, come ha rivelato il gruppo di ricerca americano, «anche quel libro è in gran parte la cucitura di sermoni e libri di altri autori, il cui contributo è però taciuto da King» (V. Messori, M.L. King, in La sfida della Fede, op. cit., p. 488).Recentemente abbiamo poi visto l'ennesima edizione cattolica di questo libro che, dal 1 settembre 2011, è stato addirittura venduto "in abbinata" con il settimanale Famiglia Cristiana a soli 6,90 € in più (cfr. Martin Luther King, La forza di amare, Edizioni San Paolo, Cinisello Balsamo 2011). Dalla "quarta di copertina" di questa popolare ed economica edizione troviamo "dichiarazioni d'amore" per il leader nero del seguente tenore: «Dalle pagine dei discorsi di M. L. King emerge un completo sistema di vita morale: un pensiero illuminato dalla dottrina cristiana dell'amore operante attraverso la non-violenza… King non era ostinatamente fedele a una astratta ideologia: con incrollabile fermezza seguiva la voce della coscienza nel diritto cammino verso l'abolizione della segregazione dei neri».E ancora: «Rosa Parks, nera dell'Alabama che non poteva sedere nell'autobus dei bianchi, cantava: "Se non posso sedere fra gli altri / secondo la legge della mia terra/ camminerò per strada/camminerò con la pioggia e con il sole finché la legge/non sarà cambiata /nella mia terra". Con la forza della non violenza King e il suo popolo ottennero uno storico pronunciamento della Corte suprema che apriva la strada ai diritti civili ai neri».Eppure la sua figura, oltre a quanto finora detto, non è stata "rosa e fiori" anche per altri gravi motivi morali. Quello di scabroso che molti non sanno di Martin Luther King... La sua abitudine di avere avventure extra-coniugali era ben nota nella società americana "che conta" degli anni Sessanta. Uno dei suoi ammiratori, Michael Eric Dyson, ha dichiarato ad esempio che King raccontava spesso «barzellette oscene», «condivideva donne con amici», ed era uno «sessualmente sconsiderato», «sexually reckless» secondo l'espressione diretta di Dyson (cfr. The Unknown Martin Luther King, Jr., a cura di Benjamin J. Ryan, American Renaissance, Gennaio 2009).Secondo Taylor Branch, uno dei biografi di King, durante il giorno il leader nero parlava a grandi folle, citando la Sacra Scrittura e invocando la volontà di Dio ma, di notte, aveva frequentemente rapporti sessuali con donne del suo uditorio. Sempre secondo Branch, durante una lunga festa nella notte fra il 6 ed il 7 gennaio 1964, una microspia dell'FBI registrò la distinta voce di King che aveva rapporti con una donna e, la notte prima della sua morte, tradì la moglie Coretta Scott (1927-2006), che aveva sposato giovanissima, nel 1953, andando a letto con alcune donne.L'informazione che King sia stato fedifrago in articulo mortis è tratta dalla mastodontica biografia scritta da un testimone diretto di molte delle sue avventure, Ralph Abernathy (1926-1990), intitolata And The Walls Came Tumbling Down (Harper & Row, New York 1989, pp. 638). Abernathy è stato il suo miglior amico ed era presente con King nella notte precedente al suo assassinio.King giustificava le sue infedeltà coniugali in una maniera che, oggi, a dir poco potrebbe essere definita maschilista e sessista. «Io sto lontano da casa dai 25 ai 27 giorni ogni mese. Avere rapporti è una forma di riduzione dell'ansietà», avrebbe dichiarato stando al libro sopra citato The Unknown Martin Luther King, Jr.Ma oltre che "scabroso", il pensiero di King, risulta anche eretico dal punti di vista cattolico. Nel suo scritto "What Experiences of Christians Living in the Early Christian Century Led to the Christian Doctrines of the Divine Son ship of Jesus, the Virgin Birth, and the Bodily Resurrection" ("Quali Esperienze dei Cristiani che vissero nel Primo Secolo Cristiano portarono alle Dottrine Cristiane della Divina Condizione di Figlio di Gesù, della Nascita Verginale, e della Resurrezione Corporale") il pastore nero nega infatti che Gesù Cristo è il divino Figli

Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. His mother, Louis Norton Little, was a homemaker occupied with the family's eight children. His father, Earl Little, was an outspoken Baptist minister and avid supporter of Black Nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. Earl's civil rights activism prompted death threats from the white supremacist organization Black Legion, forcing the family to relocate twice before Malcolm's fourth birthday. Regardless of the Little's efforts to elude the Legion, in 1929 their Lansing, Michigan home was burned to the ground, and two years later Earl's mutilated body was found lying across the town's trolley tracks. Police ruled both accidents, but the Little's were certain that members of the Black Legion were responsible. Louise had an emotional breakdown several years after the death of her husband and was committed to a mental institution. Her children were split up amongst various foster homes and orphanages.