Podcasts about Novice

Odprtje zvonika Jezusa Kristusa na baziliki Svete družine pravi spektakel.Slovenska Karitas zbira pomoč za prizadete v neurjih in za prizadete v potresu na Filipinih.Za člana Sveta Varuha človekovih pravic RS je bil imenovan dr. Sebastijan Valentan.

Papež na molitvenem bedenju v Barceloni o nemiru iskanja Bogu, depresiji in odpuščanju zaradi nasiljaNadškof Zore blagoslovil nove zvonove v Leskovcu pri KrškemDuhovniki jubilanti novomeške škofije praznujejo.

Papež v Madridu sprejel skupino žrtev spolnih zlorab, prejelReal Madrida, nagovoril 80 tisoč vernikov.Na Filipinih v potresu poškodovanih tudi več cerkva in katoliških šol.Zlati jubilej župnije Kristusa Odrešenika v Novi Gorici.

Papež na srečanju s svetom kulture in športa: Katere vrednote ohranjamo in katerim dovolimo umreti?30 svetih maš za mučence: 27. maša za uspeh beatifikacije.V Zagrebu 20 tisoč mladih na romanju v čast. sv. Antona Padovanskega.

Slišali smo nekaj zadnjih novic o aktivnostih papeža Leona XIV, ki je sredni splošno avdienco ponovno posvetil liturgični reformi drugega vatikanskega koncila. Poročali smo tudi o imenovanju laikinje na čelo vatikanskega urada za komunikacijo ter papeževem obisku Republike San Marino. O koncu pa smo v pogovoru z dr. Romanom Globokarjem razmišljali o miru kot evangeljski drži.

Papež jutri na sedemdnevno potovanje po ŠpanijiPri Frančiškanih na Tromostovju sveta maša za uspeh beatifikacijskega postopka za slovenske mučenceV Ljubljani nocoj Christopher WestIzšel je spletni tečaj o Teologiji telesa.

Praznik evharistije je zahvala in slavljenje Boga.Papež Leon: obredne geste ne nasprotujejo osebni svobodi vernika.Na čelu Dikasterija za komunikacijo nova prefektinja Maria Montserrat AlvaradoNigerija obsodila štiri moške zaradi terorizma in ubijanja kristjanov.

Papež v molitvenem namenu za junij: Da bi bil šport orodje miru, srečanja in dialoga.Okraske za božično drevo na Trgu sv. Petra bodo letos izdelali italijanski otroci, ki se zdravijo na onkoloških oddelkih.Predstavitev knjige in predavanje o filmih o sv. Frančišku.Molitev za bolnike z rakom pri kapucinih v Celju.

This bank holiday weekend on our roads we saw more than 140 motorists arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, as well as more than 3,100 speeding offences and over 340 drivers using a mobile phone or failing to wear a seatbelt.Cynthia Ní Mhurchú, Fianna Fail MEP for Ireland South and member of the European Transport Committee has more ideas when it comes to road safety, including a potential curfew for novice drivers…She joins Shane to discuss.

Leon XIV.: Papeške misijonske družbe med konflikti in vojnami opravljajo neprecenljivo poslanstvo.Papež italijanskim skavtom: širite jezik dobrodelnosti, sprejemanja in miru.Papež bo 22. avgusta poleg Riminija obiskal tudi Republiko San Marino.Osrednja slovesnost ob praznovanju 500-letnice omembe cerkve na Gumnišču pri Škofljici.

Škof Saje na Kureščku: Sprava ne pomeni pozabeNa Zaplazu osrednja slovesnost ob godu bl. Alojzija GrozdetaŠmarnicam sledijo vrtniceOb 25. obletnici smrti msgr. Vinka Kobala v Stržišču celodnevna spominska slovesnost

Škof Saje na zasedanju italijanske škofovske konferenceObčina Domžale kupila samostan sester svetega Križa v Mali LokiObletnica smrti duhovnika Vinka Kobala4. pohod po poti nadškofa Antona Vovka od Tržiča do Breznice

Jim Tew welcomes his grandson, Will Laditka, back to Honey Bee Obscura for a candid conversation about the realities of learning beekeeping as a young beginner. Will reflects on losing his first colonies, the emotional impact of what initially appeared to be American Foulbrood, and how those difficult experiences ultimately strengthened his understanding of honey bee management. Jim and Will discuss the importance of learning through setbacks, the challenge of managing Varroa, and why resilience is one of the most important qualities for new beekeepers. The discussion also explores how beekeeping intersects with education and communication. Will shares how he recently used beekeeping as the subject of a college speech presentation, explaining basic hive equipment, bee communication, pheromones, and colony behavior to classmates unfamiliar with bees. The conversation highlights how honey bees can engage audiences far outside traditional beekeeping circles. Jim and Will also compare beginner beekeeping experiences across generations. Jim reflects on the simplicity and affordability of starting beekeeping decades ago, while Will explains how modern equipment costs and management expectations can make entering the hobby more difficult for younger beekeepers today. Together, they discuss how beekeeping has evolved while still maintaining the same lessons of patience, observation, and continual learning. This episode offers thoughtful perspective for beginning beekeepers, especially younger listeners navigating the steep learning curve of modern honey bee management. ______________________ Thanks to Betterbee for sponsoring today's episode. Betterbee's mission is to support every beekeeper with excellent customer service, continued education and quality equipment. From their colorful and informative catalog to their support of beekeeper educational activities, including this podcast series, Betterbee truly is Beekeepers Serving Beekeepers. See for yourself at www.betterbee.com We'd like to thank Vita Bee Health for supporting the podcast. Vita provides proven tools for controlling Varroa—from Apistan and Apiguard to the new VarroxSan extended-release oxalic acid strips—helping beekeepers keep stronger, healthier colonies. ______________________ Honey Bee Obscura is brought to you by Growing Planet Media, LLC, the home of Beekeeping Today Podcast. Music: Heart & Soul by Gyom, All We Know by Midway Music; Christmas Avenue by Immersive Music; original guitar music by Jeffrey Ott Cartoons by: John Martin (Beezwax Comics) Copyright © 2026 by Growing Planet Media, LLC

Papež Leon: nevarnost umetne inteligence in nujnost dialoga.Kolesarska pot od Šentandraža do Maribora.V Sežani so se na župniji poklonili Srečku Kosovelu.Pasijonke v Crngrobu in spomin na Filipa Terčelja.

God bl. Lojzeta Grozdeta, slovenskega mučenca za vero.Obletnica umora prof. dr. Lamberta Erlicha.Novi provincial slovenskih jezuitov p. Marjan Kokalj.Novost pri upravljanju Katoliškega središča v Tinjah.Poslovil se je koroški duhovnik Mirko Isop.

Richard Falbr, 1990s union leader and politician, dies at 85, Child dies of diphtheria in Czechia, prompting renewed warning against delaying vaccines, Klánovice Forest: Prague's largest woodland with a dark past and peaceful present

Papež sprejel medskupino za demografijo v Evropskem parlamentu, v delegaciji tudi Romana Tomc in Zvone Štrubelj.Predsednik SŠK, škof Andrej Saje, se kot gost udeležuje zasedanja italijanske škofovske konference.Romarski shod na Rakovniku ob prazniku Marije, pomočnice kristjanov.50-letnica župnije Ljubljana – Stožice.

Izšla prva okrožnica papeža Leona XIV. na temo umetne inteligenceObhajamo praznik Marije Pomagaj20.000 mladih na tradicionalnem peš romanju po FrancijiKaj v Slovenijo prinaša Christopher West?

The guys recap the Netflix's Ronda Rousey vs Gina Carano fight and talk Gina's 100lb weight loss, Chris' hot sauce tragedy, the filmWuthering Heights, whether or not Jacob Elordi is a likeable actor or not, m*rder documentaries, the new Crash doc, Erik's maid story, Brendan being the backwards guy and much more! Get this episode AD FREE + 2 PATREON ONLY episodes/month only at https://patreon.com/thegoldenhourpodcastEthos - Take 10 minutes to get covered today, with life insurance through Ethos. Get your free quote at https://ethos.com/goldenhourFound - Join hundreds of thousands of small business owners simplifying their finances—open your Found account for FREE at https://found.com/Shopify - Sign up for your one-dollar-per-month trial today at http://shopify.com/golden. See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Sveti oče: Vodenje v Cerkvi ne sme biti zgolj organizacijsko ali tehnično.Papež Leon XIV. bo junija blagoslovil osrednji zvonik Sagrade Familie.Festival Ritem srca povezal 1600 obiskovalcev.Na Brezjah in Rakovniku konec tedna slovesno ob prazniku Marije Pomagaj.Vrhovni svetovalec salezijancev obiskal Slovenijo.

Send us Fan MailEmail Lennie at lennielawson2020@gmail.com

Škof Matjaž na akademiji ob 20-letnici škofije Celje: Želimo biti Cerkev, ki z jasnim evangeljskim oznanilom pogumno stopa naproti človeku današnjega časa.Papež odgovoril na pismo 18-letnega Pietra: »Čas je učitelj in celi rane«.Kardinal Schönborn politikom: Potrebni so humor, dialog in manj dramatiziranja.V večnost odšla šolska sestra Maria Angela Dekanić.

Papež Leon XIV.: Liturgija je srce skrivnosti Cerkve.Kardinal Parolin v Strasbourgu: Evropska unija mora biti ustvarjalna sila miruPapež Leon XIV. med verniki v Castel Gandolfu ob pesmih in molitvah.Škof Štumpf ob 30-letnici obiska papeža Janeza Pavla II. v Sloveniji: K nam je prišel svetnik.Deset let prvega pomurskega materinskega doma.

Na binkoštni ponedeljek, 25. maja, bo objavljena prva okrožnica Leona XIV.Kardinal Rode ob 30. obletnici obiska Janeza Pavla II.: Slovenska Cerkev je takrat pokazala svojo najboljšo podobo.Slovenski škofje odličje sv. Cirila in Metoda podelili Društvu prijateljev Svete dežele za zvesto služenje Cerkvi med Slovenci.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Akademija ob 20. obletnici celjske škofije.

Wayne Johnston is a master storyteller. He's been writing books for forty years, with the history, politics and people of Newfoundland figuring large in his works. His new novel is The Novice of Holloway Hall. He joins the show to talk about the books that have shaped him and his career. Plus, acclaimed English author Jeanette Winterson answers the Proust Questionnaire. Books discussed on this week's show include:Don Quixote by Miguel de CervantesSalome by Oscar WildeCollected Poems of Emily DickinsonAs You Like It by William ShakespeareOne Aladdin Two Lamps by Jeanette WintersonCheck us out on Instagram @cbcbooks and TikTok @cbcbooks

V ljubljanski stolnici slovesna maša ob 30. obletnici obiska papeža Janeza Pavla II. v Sloveniji.Andrej Šter: Najbolj mi v spominu ostaja sodelovanje med Cerkvijo in državo.Papež bo septembra obiskal Francijo.Leon XIV.: V dobi AI prizadevati si za komunikacijo, ki vedno spoštuje resnico človeka.

Ob letošnjem prazniku Fatimske Matere Božje mineva že 45 let od atentata na svetega Janeza Pavla II.V nedeljo bo v Kopru Pohod za življenje, ki letos poteka pod geslom »Srce bije že 22.dan po spočetju!«Papež Leon XIV. se je v Castel Gandolfu srečal z fantom, ki je ozdravel za agresivnim limfomom dihalK Bogu odšel duhovnik Koprske škofije Jožko Pirc

Obhajamo slovesni praznik Gospodovega vnebohoda.Vatikan znova opozoril Bratovščino Pija X., da bo posvečenje škofov brez papeževe odobritve pomenilo dejanje razkola.V nemškem Würzburgu poteka 104. katoliški shod.Papeški miloščinar: »Ubogi so naš kompas za smer v Cerkvi«Novi predsednik in tajnica KORUS.

Ob letošnjem prazniku Fatimske Matere Božje mineva že 45 let od atentata na svetega Janeza Pavla II.V nedeljo bo v Kopru Pohod za življenje, ki letos poteka pod geslom „Srce bije že 22.dan po spočetju!“Papež Leon XIV. se je v Castel Gandolfu srečal z fantom, ki je ozdravel za agresivnim limfomom dihalK Bogu odšel duhovnik Koprske škofije Jožko Pirc

Redna seja Delovnega odbora za pripravo praznovanja 800-letnice mariborske nadškofije.Župnija Zgornja Polskava praznovala 80-letnico prihoda milostne podobe Marije Pomagaj.Ekumensko bogoslužje v Mathausnu ob 81. obletnici osvoboditve tega taborišča.Papež: sočutje je v nevarnosti, da izgine, apatija je resen izziv tega časa.

Papež obsodil nasilje džihadistov v Čadu in MalijuSveti oče muslimanskim voditeljem iz Senegala: Gorje tistim, ki religije in samo Božje ime izkoriščajo za svoje cilje!Komisija za etiko pri COMECE o družini in upadanju rojstevV nedeljo Pohod za življenje v Kopru.

What if the reason you're struggling in your riding… has nothing to do with your riding? In this powerful and honest episode, we sit down with Kerry, who went from nearly quitting horses altogether to stepping up levels, competing again, and completely transforming how she thinks, rides, and lives. This is not a story about “just pushing through fear.” This is about doing the deep, uncomfortable work that actually creates lasting confidence. We dive into: Losing confidence and wanting to give up The hidden fears riders don't talk about Why perfectionism keeps you stuck How past experiences (even ones that didn't happen to you) shape your riding The real process of shifting from a fixed mindset to a growth mindset If you've ever felt stuck, frustrated, or like you're holding yourself back… this episode will hit home. What You'll Learn Why your riding struggles are often a reflection of what's happening internally How fear is often about consequences, not the fall itself The difference between a perfectionist mindset vs a growth mindset How to stop beating yourself up after mistakes and actually move forward Why “just be positive” doesn't work, and what does instead How to become a present rider and learner, not a self-critic Resources Mentioned: Coaching & support: https://www.mindeq.eu/coaching Follow Jocelin on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/jocelinlillienau Connect with Kerry on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kerry_don4801/

Send us Fan MailEmail Lennie at lennielawson2020@gmail.com

Politicians clash over Czechia's defense spending shortfall, Czechia ranks high in Prosperity Index, but sociologist Daniel Prokop warns results can mislead, Klánovice Forest

A lot of collections this week in physical media which Erik Childress & Peter Sobczynski guide you through again. They include a trio of films from John Singleton as well as the works of Jess Franco and the weird legacy of one Andy Milligan. There are also films from Lucio Fulci and Olivier Assayas. Nancy Meyers figures in twice in the conversation including a title from our most recent Why Is This Not On Blu-ray show (WE GOT ONE!). We've also got Abbott, Costello and DeVito and how a Paul W.S. Anderson figures into the early part of Erik's career. But if you haven't seen this week's Joe Dante title or shown it to the loved ones in your life, do yourself a favor.5:16 - Criterion (John Singleton's Hood Trilogy (4K))20:32 - Kino (Hold That Ghost (4K), Throw Momma From the Train (4K))35:18 - Warner Archive (Private Benjamin)44:52 - Sony (Something's Gotta Give)56:51 - Severin (Gutter Auteur: The Lost Legacy of Andy Milligan, Jess Franco: From Bangkok to Bullets, Voices from Beyond 4K, Suzzanna: Empress of Darkness)1:24:06 - Vinegar Syndrome (Office Killer 4K)1:30:18 - IFC (Boarding Gate, The Novice)1:40:51 - Arrow (Soldier (4K), Innerspace (4K))2:11:43 - New Theatrical Titles On Blu-ray (Dust Bunny (4K), Highest 2 Lowest 4K, Grafted, Cold Storage (4K), American Sweatshop, Dracula)2:15:56 - New Blu-ray AnnouncementsCLICK ON THE FILMS TO RENT OR PURCHASE AND HELP OUT THE MOVIE MADNESS PODCAST OR BUY FROM MOVIEZYNGBe sure to check outErik's Weekly Box Office Column – At Rotten TomatoesCritics' Classics Series – At Elk Grove Cinema in Elk Grove Village, ILChicago Screening Schedule - All the films coming to theaters and streamingPhysical Media Schedule - Click & Buy upcoming titles for your library.(Direct purchases help the Movie Madness podcast with a few pennies.)Erik's Linktree - Where you can follow Erik and his work anywhere and everywhere.The Movie Madness Podcast has been recognized by Million Podcasts as one of the Top 100 Best Movie Review Podcasts as well as in the Top 60 Film Festival Podcasts and Top 100 Cinephile Podcasts. MillionPodcasts is an intelligently curated, all-in-one podcast database for discovering and contacting podcast hosts and producers in your niche perfect for PR pitches and collaborations.USE COUPON “MOVIEMADNESS” TO GET 10% OFF ALL DUBBY PRODUCTSSIGN UP FOR AUDIBLE This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit erikthemovieman.substack.com

The Novice & The Nostalgic head back to Skyfall! In a year of celebrating Daniel Craig, why not discuss his 3rd outing? Tune in to hear the curious case of August's relationship with this movie, and how Margaux gets to the bottom of the why. Links in the bio!

Novice students struggle to apply complex concepts to patient care. The Gallery Walk is a strategy that engages students, promotes critical thinking and clinical reasoning, and helps students prioritize in patient care. In this podcast and article, Kathleen McAdory presents the Gallery Walk that is used with novice students but can be used conceptually in any teaching context.

Catch the remarkable story of Bill Volpe, who at age 60, achieved a Boston Marathon qualifying time and 3:11 marathon, after starting his running journey at 52. His disciplined approach to training, nutrition, and mental resilience exemplifies that age is just a number when it comes to athletic achievement. In this episode: Bill's initial foray into running and how he transitioned from no running to marathon success How disciplined routines and strategic pacing contributed to a marathon PR at 60 How hiring a coach helped him step up his training and confidence The evolution of his competitive mindset and his goals for the future Discussions on aging, motivation, and staying injury-free The importance of mindset, consistency, and seizing opportunities in athletic growth Sponsors Mount to Coast - Explore the H1, one the most critically acclaimed running shoes of the past year, and all of its road or trail glory, at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.mounttocoast.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and use code RAMBLING to save 10% on your order. CurraNZ - CurraNZ is a natural runner's recovery supplement made from New Zealand blackcurrant extract, with over a decade of peer‑reviewed research showing real‑world gains for everyday runners – better performance, smarter fuelling, and faster muscle recovery. Head to curranzusa.com to learn more, and use the code RAMBLING20 to receive 20% your first order from their website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this week's episode, our prep hosts first dive into the NEW rules pertaining to the novice division, in the NPC. They share their thoughts and intitial reactions along with the logic behind the NPC's new decision and definition of what makes an athlete a "novice." Then, they dive into best nutrition practices in PREP, sharing some best practices that they implement with their own athletes pertaining to types of foods, meal timing and more.

The season is winding down and the numbers were strong last night in the NHL Novice Hockey League in Moorhead, Minnesota. Tank McNamara laced up the skates once again and delivers the full game recap, league buzz, and locker-room level insight on Froggy Sports. If you follow local hockey, rec league action, or Moorhead sports stories, this episode is a must-listen.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Mistreatment has ripple effects. Even vicarious exposure can impair novice medical students' ability to learn, underscoring the hidden costs of toxic environments. Read the accompanying article here: https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.70103

Pardubice arms firm fire sparks debate over security, Českomoravská metro station reopens with bubble glass panels by Maxim Velčovský, Klánovice Forest: Prague's largest woodland with a dark past and peaceful present

Join Coach Carlie & Coach Chris to review research on first-time amateur Ironman 70.3 athletes to unpack what happens to mood, motivation, and confidence across a six-month training build. We also share how coaching, clear communication, and a focus on joy can keep training consistent while real life keeps happening. Here's what you'll learn:• why age group triathlon research matters more than elite-only studies • how the study follows 32 athletes through monthly psychological questionnaires • what “psychological status” measures like anxiety and positive affect • why stable mood across training can signal better structure and support • intrinsic motivation versus extrinsic motivation and why both show up in long course triathlon • making training enjoyable enough to stay consistent without avoiding hard work • communication with a coach to tailor workouts and remove hidden friction • behavior change as a skill built over time, not a personality trait Interested in working with us for your first 70.3? Learn more here. Experience the breakthrough when everything finally clicks! Train with expert coaches, fuel with incredible chef-prepared meals, and connect with athletes who love triathlon as much as you do. Join us April 22–26 at beautiful Lake Jocassee for four unforgettable days of swim, bike, run, learning, and community. Spots are almost full: Reserve yours here. Support the show

One of the best jockeys of his generation and a multiple Grade 1 winner, Aidan Coleman joins Emmet Kennedy and Adam Mills to preview the key novice races at the 2026 Cheltenham Festival. The focus begins with a highly competitive running of the Arkle Novice Chase, where Lulamba, Kopek Des Bordes, Romeo Coolio, Kargese, Irish Panther and Steel Ally are set to clash. Aidan reveals the horse he would most like to ride and gives his insight into how the race may unfold. Attention then turns to the Brown Advisory Novices' Chase, with a strong field including Final Demand, Kaid d'Authie, The Big Westerner, Wendigo, Western Fold, Kitzbuhel, Oscars Brother and Sixmilebridge. The team assess the leading contenders and put forward a 16/1 betting angle in the 3m1f contest. The discussion then shifts to the novice hurdlers, with leading contenders Old Park Star, Mighty Park, El Cairos, Mydaddypaddy, Idaho Sun and Sober Glory analysed in detail, before a deep dive into the Turners Novice Hurdle featuring No Drama This End, Skylight Hustle, Talk The Talk, Act Of Innocence and others.

In today's episode, I sit down with Kamilia Woosley, an IFBB Pro, business owner, and moto mom who opens up about the fast rise to her Pro card and the self-doubt that followed her every step of the way. After starting in 2023, stepping away, and returning in 2025 to win both Open and Novice before earning her Pro card at USAs, Kamilia is now preparing for her Pro debut and sharing the unfiltered reality behind the title. We talk about balancing motherhood, business ownership, ambition, and anxiety while still pushing for more.   This conversation is about chasing big goals while learning to quiet the voice that says you are not enough, and doing it in a way that sets an example for your family.   TOPICS COVERED -overcoming anxiety -the road to Pro -doubting yourself -striving for more -setting an example for your kids -setting boundaries and expectations   CONNECT WITH CELESTE: Website: http://www.celestial.fit Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/celestial_fit/ All Links: http://www.celestial.fit/links.html   CONNECT WITH KAMILIA:  Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kamilialeigh.ifbbpro/ Cleaning: https://www.instagram.com/pristineshine.cleaning/   TIME STAMPS 1:00 introduction 6:29 getting into bodybuilding 13:36 plans for a Pro card 15:53 overcoming self-doubt 18:45 trajectory for bikini and fit model 21:58 prepping for a Pro debut 29:23 bodybuilding and family life 35:34 dealing with mom guilt 38:48 structuring your days 46:12 running a cleaning business 54:59 advice for competitors   CLICK HERE TO SIGN UP FOR THE FREE FOOD RELATIONSHIP COACHING SERIES   CLICK HERE TO SIGN UP FOR THE FREE POST SHOW BLUES COACHING SERIES   LEARN MORE AND APPLY FOR MY 5 WEEK FOOD RELATIONSHIP HEALING & DISCOVERY COACHING PROGRAM   FOR OTHER FREE RESOURCES, LIVE EVENTS, AND WAYS TO WORK WITH CELESTE CLICK HERE

Last time we spoke about the beginning of the Nomohan incident. On the fringes of Manchuria, the ghosts of Changkufeng lingered. It was August 1938 when Soviet and Japanese forces locked in a brutal standoff over a disputed hill, claiming thousands of lives before a fragile ceasefire redrew the lines. Japan, humiliated yet defiant, withdrew, but the Kwantung Army seethed with resentment. As winter thawed into 1939, tensions simmered along the Halha River, a serpentine boundary between Manchukuo and Mongolia. Major Tsuji Masanobu, a cunning tactician driven by gekokujo's fire, drafted Order 1488: a mandate empowering local commanders to annihilate intruders, even luring them across borders. Kwantung's leaders, bonded by past battles, endorsed it, ignoring Tokyo's cautions amid the grinding China War. By May, the spark ignited. Mongolian patrols crossed the river, clashing with Manchukuoan cavalry near Nomonhan's sandy hills. General Komatsubara, ever meticulous, unleashed forces to "destroy" them, bombing west-bank outposts and pursuing retreats. Soviets, bound by pact, rushed reinforcements, their tanks rumbling toward the fray. What began as skirmishes ballooned into an undeclared war.   #189 General Zhukov Arrives at Nomohan Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. Though Kwantung Army prided itself as an elite arm of the Imperial Japanese Army, the 23rd Division, formed less than a year prior, was still raw and unseasoned, lacking the polish and spirit typical of its parent force. From General Michitaro Komatsubara downward, the staff suffered a collective dearth of combat experience. Intelligence officer Major Yoshiyasu Suzuki, a cavalryman, had no prior intel background. While senior regimental commanders were military academy veterans, most company and platoon leaders were fresh reservists or academy graduates with just one or two years under their belts. Upon arriving in Manchukuo in August 1938, the division found its Hailar base incomplete, housing only half its troops; the rest scattered across sites. Full assembly at Hailar occurred in November, but harsh winter weather curtailed large-scale drills. Commanders had scant time to build rapport. This inexperience, inadequate training, and poor cohesion would prove costly at Nomonhan. Japan's army held steady at 17 divisions from 1930 to 1937, but the escalating China conflict spurred seven new divisions in 1938 and nine in 1939. Resource strains from China left many under-equipped, with the 23rd, stationed in a presumed quiet sector, low on priorities. Unlike older "rectangular" divisions with four infantry regiments, the 23rd was a modern "triangular" setup featuring the 64th, 71st, and 72nd. Materiel gaps were glaring. The flat, open terrain screamed for tanks, yet the division relied on a truck-equipped transport regiment and a reconnaissance regiment with lightly armored "tankettes" armed only with machine guns. Mobility suffered: infantry marched the final 50 miles from Hailar to Nomonhan. Artillery was mostly horse-drawn, including 24 outdated Type 38 75-mm guns from 1907, the army's oldest, unique to this division. Each infantry regiment got four 37-mm rapid-fire guns and four 1908-era 75-mm mountain guns. The artillery regiment added 12 120-mm howitzers, all high-angle, short-range pieces ill-suited for flatlands or anti-tank roles. Antitank capabilities were dire: beyond rapid-fire guns, options boiled down to demolition charges and Molotov cocktails, demanding suicidal "human bullet" tactics in open terrain, a fatal flaw against armor. The division's saving grace lay in its soldiers, primarily from Kyushu, Japan's southernmost main island, long famed for hardy warriors. These men embodied resilience, bravery, loyalty, and honor, offsetting some training and gear deficits. Combat at Nomonhan ramped up gradually, with Japanese-Manchukuoan forces initially outnumbering Soviet-Mongolian foes. Soviets faced severe supply hurdles: their nearest rail at Borzya sat 400 miles west of the Halha River, requiring truck hauls over rough, exposed terrain prone to air strikes. Conversely, Hailar was 200 miles from Nomonhan, with the Handagai railhead just 50 miles away, linked by three dirt roads. These advantages, plus Europe's brewing Polish crisis, likely reassured Army General Staff and Kwantung Army Headquarters that Moscow would avoid escalation. Nonetheless, Komatsubara, with KwAHQ's nod, chose force to quash the Nomonhan flare-up. On May 20, Japanese scouts spotted a Soviet infantry battalion and armor near Tamsag Bulak. Komatsubara opted to "nip the incident in the bud," assembling a potent strike force under Colonel Takemitsu Yamagata of the 64th Infantry Regiment. The Yamagata detachment included the 3rd Battalion, roughly four companies, 800 men, a regimental gun company, three 75-mm mountain guns, four 37-mm rapid-fires, three truck companies, and Lieutenant Colonel Yaozo Azuma's reconnaissance group, 220 men, one tankette, two sedans, 12 trucks. Bolstered by 450 local Manchukuoan troops, the 2,000-strong unit was tasked with annihilating all enemy east of the Halha. The assault was set for May 22–23. No sooner had General Komatsubara finalized this plan than he received a message from KwAHQ: "In settling the affair Kwantung Army has definite plans, as follows: For the time being Manchukuoan Army troops will keep an eye on the Outer Mongolians operating near Nomonhan and will try to lure them onto Manchukuoan territory. Japanese forces at Hailar [23rd Division] will maintain surveillance over the situation. Upon verification of a border violation by the bulk of the Outer Mongolian forces, Kwantung Army will dispatch troops, contact the enemy, and annihilate him within friendly territory. According to this outlook it can be expected that enemy units will occupy border regions for a considerable period; but this is permissible from the overall strategic point of view". At this juncture, Kwantung Army Headquarters advocated tactical caution to secure a more conclusive outcome. Yet, General Michitaro Komatsubara had already issued orders for Colonel Takemitsu Yamagata's assault. Komatsubara radioed Hsinking that retracting would be "undignified," resenting KwAHQ's encroachment on his authority much as KwAHQ chafed at Army General Staff interference. Still, "out of deference to Kwantung Army's feelings," he delayed to May 27 to 28. Soviet air units from the 57th Corps conducted ineffective sorties over the Halha River from May 17 to 21. Novice pilots in outdated I 15 biplanes suffered heavily: at least 9, possibly up to 17, fighters and scouts downed. Defense Commissar Kliment Voroshilov halted air ops, aiding Japanese surprise. Yamagata massed at Kanchuerhmiao, 40 miles north of Nomonhan, sending patrols southward. Scouts spotted a bridge over the Halha near its Holsten junction, plus 2 enemy groups of ~200 each east of the Halha on either Holsten side and a small MPR outpost less than a mile west of Nomonhan. Yamagata aimed to trap and destroy these east of the river: Azuma's 220 man unit would drive south along the east bank to the bridge, blocking retreat. The 4 infantry companies and Manchukuoan troops, with artillery, would attack from the west toward enemy pockets, herding them riverward into Azuma's trap. Post destruction, mop up any west bank foes near the river clear MPR soil swiftly. This intricate plan suited early MPR foes but overlooked Soviet units spotted at Tamsag Bulak on May 20, a glaring oversight by Komatsubara and Yamagata. Predawn on May 28, Yamagata advanced from Kanchuerhmiao. Azuma detached southward to the bridge. Unbeknownst, it was guarded by Soviet infantry, engineers, armored cars, and a 76 mm self propelled artillery battery—not just MPR cavalry. Soviets detected Azuma pre dawn but missed Yamagata's main force; surprise was mutual. Soviet MPR core: Major A E Bykov's battalion roughly 1000 men with 3 motorized infantry companies, 16 BA 6 armored cars, 4 76 mm self propelled guns, engineers, and a 5 armored car recon platoon. The 6th MPR Cavalry Division roughly 1250 men had 2 small regiments, 4 76 mm guns, armored cars, and a training company. Bykov arrayed north to south: 2 Soviet infantry on flanks, MPR cavalry center, unorthodox, as cavalry suits flanks. Spread over 10 miles parallel to but east of the Halha, 1 mile west of Nomonhan. Reserves: 1 infantry company, engineers, and artillery west of the river near the bridge; Shoaaiibuu's guns also west to avoid sand. Japanese held initial edges in numbers and surprise, especially versus MPR cavalry. Offsets: Yamagata split into 5 weaker units; radios failed early, hampering coordination; Soviets dominated firepower with self propelled guns, 4 MPR pieces, and BA 6s, armored fighters with 45 mm turret guns, half track capable, 27 mph speed, but thin 9 mm armor vulnerable to close heavy machine guns. Morning of May 28, Yamagata's infantry struck Soviet MPR near Nomonhan, routing lightly armed MPR cavalry and forcing Soviet retreats toward the Halha. Shoaaiibuu rushed his training company forward; Japanese overran his post, killing him and most staff. As combat neared the river, Soviet artillery and armored cars slowed Yamagata. He redirected to a low hill miles east of the Halha with dug in Soviets—failing to notify Azuma. Bykov regrouped 1 to 2 miles east of the Halha Holsten junction, holding firm. By late morning, Yamagata stalled, digging in against Soviet barrages. Azuma, radio silent due to faults, neared the bridge to find robust Soviet defenses. Artillery commander Lieutenant Yu Vakhtin shifted his 4 76 mm guns east to block seizure. Azuma lacked artillery or anti tank tools, unable to advance. With Yamagata bogged down, Azuma became encircled, the encirclers encircled. Runners reached Yamagata, but his dispersed units couldn't rally or breakthrough. By noon, Azuma faced infantry and cavalry from the east, bombardments from west (both Halha sides). Dismounted cavalry dug sandy defenses. Azuma could have broken out but held per mission, awaiting Yamagata, unaware of the plan shift. Pressure mounted: Major I M Remizov's full 149th Regiment recent Tamsag Bulak arrivals trucked in, tilting odds. Resupply failed; ammo dwindled. Post dusk slackening: A major urged withdrawal; Azuma refused, deeming retreat shameful without orders, a Japanese army hallmark, where "retreat" was taboo, replaced by euphemisms like "advance in a different direction." Unauthorized pullback meant execution. Dawn May 29: Fiercer Soviet barrage, 122 mm howitzers, field guns, mortars, armored cars collapsed trenches. An incendiary hit Azuma's sedan, igniting trucks with wounded and ammo. By late afternoon, Soviets closed to 50 yards on 3 fronts; armored cars breached rear. Survivors fought desperately. Between 6:00 and 7:00 p.m., Azuma led 24 men in a banzai charge, cut down by machine guns. A wounded medical lieutenant ordered escapes; 4 succeeded. Rest killed or captured. Komatsubara belatedly reinforced Yamagata on May 29 with artillery, anti tank guns, and fresh infantry. Sources claim Major Tsuji arrived, rebuked Yamagata for inaction, and spurred corpse recovery over 3 nights, yielding ~200 bodies, including Azuma's. Yamagata withdrew to Kanchuerhmiao, unable to oust foes. Ironically, Remizov mistook recovery truck lights for attacks, briefly pulling back west on May 30. By June 3, discovering the exit, Soviet MPR reoccupied the zone. Japanese blamed:  (1) poor planning/recon by Komatsubara and Yamagata,  (2) comms failures,  (3) Azuma's heavy weapon lack. Losses: ~200 Azuma dead, plus 159 killed, 119 wounded, 12 missing from main force, total 500, 25% of detachment. Soviets praised Vakhtin for thwarting pincers. Claims: Bykov 60 to 70 casualties; TASS 40 killed, 70 wounded total Soviet/MPR. Recent Russian: 138 killed, 198 wounded. MPR cavalry hit hard by Japanese and friendly fire. Soviet media silent until June 26; KwAHQ censored, possibly misleading Tokyo. May 30: Kwantung Chief of Staff General Rensuke Isogai assured AGS of avoiding prolongation via heavy frontier blows, downplaying Soviet buildup and escalation. He requested river crossing gear urgently.   This hinted at Halha invasion (even per Japanese borders: MPR soil). AGS's General Gun Hashimoto affirmed trust in localization: Soviets' vexations manageable, chastisement easy. Colonel Masazumi Inada's section assessed May 31: 1. USSR avoids expansion.  2. Trust Kwantung localization.  3. Intervene on provocative acts like deep MPR air strikes. Phase 1 ended: Kwantung called it mutual win loss, but inaccurate, Azuma destroyed, heavy tolls, remorse gnawing Komatsubara. On June 1, 1939, an urgent summons from Moscow pulled the young deputy commander of the Byelorussian Military District from Minsk to meet Defense Commissar Marshal Kliment Voroshilov. He boarded the first train with no evident concern, even as the army purges faded into memory. This rising cavalry- and tank-expert, Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov, would later help defend Moscow in 1941, triumph at Stalingrad and Kursk, and march to Berlin as a Hero of the Soviet Union.Born in 1896 to a poor family headed by a cobbler, Zhukov joined the Imperial Army in 1915 as a cavalryman. Of average height but sturdy build, he excelled in horsemanship and earned the Cross of St. George and noncommissioned status for bravery in 1916. After the October Revolution, he joined the Red Army and the Bolshevik Party, fighting in the Civil War from 1918 to 1921. His proletarian roots, tactical skill, and ambition propelled him: command of a regiment by 1923, a division by 1931. An early advocate of tanks, he survived the purges, impressing superiors as a results-driven leader and playing a key role in his assignment to Mongolia. In Voroshilov's office on June 2, Zhukov learned of recent clashes. Ordered to fly east, assess the situation, and assume command if needed, he soon met acting deputy chief Ivan Smorodinov, who urged candid reports. Europe's war clouds and rising tensions with Japan concerned the Kremlin. Hours later, Zhukov and his staff flew east. Arriving June 5 at Tamsag Bulak (57th Corps HQ), Zhukov met the staff and found Corps Commander Nikolai Feklenko and most aides clueless; only Regimental Commissar M. S. Nikishev had visited the front. Zhukov toured with Nikishev that afternoon and was impressed by his grasp. By day's end, Zhukov bluntly reported: this is not a simple border incident; the Japanese are likely to escalate; the 57th Corps is inadequate. He suggested holding the eastern Halha bridgehead until reinforcements could enable a counteroffensive, and he criticized Feklenko. Moscow replied on June 6: relieve Feklenko; appoint Zhukov. Reinforcements arrived: the 36th Mechanized Infantry Division; the 7th, 8th, and 9th Mechanized Brigades; the 11th Tank Brigade; the 8th MPR Cavalry Division; a heavy artillery regiment; an air wing of more than 100 aircraft, including 21 pilots who had earned renown in the Spanish Civil War. The force was redesignated as the First Army Group. In June, these forces surged toward Tamsag Bulak, eighty miles west of Halha. However, General Michitaro Komatsubara's 23rd Division and the Kwantung Army Headquarters missed the buildup and the leadership change, an intelligence failure born of carelessness and hubris and echoing May's Azuma disaster, with grave battlefield consequences. Early June remained relatively quiet: the Soviet MPR expanded the east-bank perimeter modestly; there was no major Japanese response. KwAHQ's Commander General Kenkichi Ueda, hoping for a quick closure, toured the Fourth Army from May 31 to June 18. Calm broke on June 19. Komatsubara reported two Soviet strikes inside Manchukuo: 15 planes hit Arshan, inflicting casualties on men and horses; 30 aircraft set fire to 100 petroleum barrels near Kanchuerhmiao. In fact, the raids were less dramatic than described: not on Kanchuerhmiao town (a 3,000-person settlement, 40 miles northwest of Nomonhan) but on a supply dump 12 miles south of it. "Arshan" referred to a small village near the border, near Arshanmiao, a Manchukuoan cavalry depot, not a major railhead at Harlun Arshan 100 miles southeast. The raids were strafing runs rather than bombs. Possibly retaliation for May 15's Japanese raid on the MPR Outpost 7 (two killed, 15 wounded) or a response to Zhukov's bridgehead push. Voroshilov authorized the action; motive remained unclear. Nonetheless, KwAHQ, unused to air attacks after dominating skies in Manchuria, Shanghai (1932), and China, was agitated. The situation resembled a jolt akin to the 1973 North Vietnamese strike on U.S. bases in Thailand: not unprovoked, but shocking. Midday June 19, the Operations Staff met. Major Masanobu Tsuji urged swift reprisal; Colonel Masao Terada urged delay in light of the Tientsin crisis (the new Japanese blockade near Peking). Tsuji argued that firmness at Nomonhan would impress Britain; inaction would invite deeper Soviet bombardments or invasion. He swayed Chief Colonel Takushiro Hattori and others, including Terada. They drafted a briefing: the situation was grave; passivity risked a larger invasion and eroded British respect for Japanese might. After two hours of joint talks, most KwAHQ members supported a strong action. Tsuji drafted a major Halha crossing plan to destroy Soviet MPR forces. Hattori and Terada pressed the plan to Chief of Staff General Rensuke Isogai, an expert on Manchukuo affairs but not operations; he deferred to Deputy General Otozaburo Yano, who was absent. They argued urgency; Isogai noted delays in AGS approval. The pair contended for local Kwantung prerogative, citing the 1937 Amur cancellation; AGS would likely veto. Under pressure, Isogai assented, pending Ueda's approval. Ueda approved but insisted that the 23rd Division lead, not the 7th. Hattori noted the 7th's superiority (four regiments in a "square" arrangement versus the 23rd's three regiments, with May unreliability). Ueda prioritized Komatsubara's honor: assigning another division would imply distrust; "I'd rather die." The plan passed on June 19, an example of gekokujo in action. The plan called for reinforcing the 23rd with: the 2nd Air Group (180 aircraft, Lieutenant General Tetsuji Gigi); the Yasuoka Detachment (Lieutenant General Masaomi Yasuoka: two tank regiments, motorized artillery, and the 26th Infantry of the 7th). Total strength: roughly 15,000 men, 120 guns, 70 tanks, 180 aircraft. KwAHQ estimated the enemy at about 1,000 infantry, 10 artillery pieces, and about 12 armored vehicles, expecting a quick victory. Reconnaissance to Halha was curtailed to avoid alerting the Soviets. Confidence ran high, even as intel warned otherwise. Not all leaders were convinced: the 23rd's ordnance colonel reportedly committed suicide over "awful equipment." An attaché, Colonel Akio Doi, warned of growing Soviet buildup, but operations dismissed the concern. In reality, Zhukov's force comprised about 12,500 men, 109 guns, 186 tanks, 266 armored cars, and more than 100 aircraft, offset by the Soviets' armor advantage. The plan echoed Yamagata's failed May 28 initiative: the 23rd main body would seize the Fui Heights (11 miles north of Halha's Holsten junction), cross by pontoon, and sweep south along the west bank toward the Soviet bridge. Yasuoka would push southeast of Halha to trap and destroy the enemy at the junction. On June 20, Tsuji briefed Komatsubara at Hailar, expressing Ueda's trust while pressing to redeem May's failures. Limited pontoon capacity would not support armor; the operation would be vulnerable to air power. Tsuji's reconnaissance detected Soviet air presence at Tamsag Bulak, prompting a preemptive strike and another plan adjustment. KwAHQ informed Tokyo of the offensive in vague terms (citing raids but withholding air details). Even this caused debate; Minister Seishiro Itagaki supported Ueda's stance, favoring a limited operation to ease nerves. Tokyo concurred, unaware of the air plans. Fearing a veto on the Tamsag Bulak raid (nearly 100 miles behind MPR lines), KwAHQ shielded details from the Soviets and Tokyo. A June 29–30 ground attack was prepared; orders were relayed by courier. The leak reached Tokyo on June 24. Deputy Chief General Tetsuzo Nakajima telegrammed three points: 1) AGS policy to contain the conflict and avoid West MPR air attacks;  2) bombing risks escalation;  3) sending Lieutenant Colonel Yadoru Arisue on June 25 for liaison. Polite Japanese diplomatic phrasing allowed Operations to interpret the message as a suggestion. To preempt Arisue's explicit orders, Tsuji urged secrecy from Ueda, Isogai, and Yano, and an advanced raid to June 27. Arisue arrived after the raid on Tamsag Bulak and Bain Tumen (deeper into MPR territory, now near Choibalsan). The Raid resulted in approximately 120 Japanese planes surprising the Soviets, grounding and destroying aircraft and scrambling their defense. Tsuji, flying in a bomber, claimed 25 aircraft destroyed on the ground and about 100 in the air. Official tallies reported 98 destroyed and 51 damaged; ground kills estimated at 50 to 60 at Bain Tumen. Japanese losses were relatively light: one bomber, two fighters, one scout; seven dead. Another Japanese bomber was shot down over MPR, but the crew was rescued. The raid secured air superiority for July.   Moscow raged over the losses and the perceived failure to warn in time. In the purge era, blame fell on suspected spies and traitors; Deputy Mongolian Commander Luvsandonoi and ex-57th Deputy A. M. Kushchev were accused, arrested, and sent to Moscow. Luvsandonoi was executed; Kushchev received a four-year sentence, later rising to major general and Hero. KwAHQ celebrated; Operations notified AGS by radio. Colonel Masazumi Inada rebuked: "You damned idiot! What do you think the true meaning of this little success is?" A withering reprimand followed. Stunned but unrepentant, KwAHQ soon received Tokyo's formal reprimand: "Report was received today regarding bombing of Outer Mongolian territory by your air units… . Since this action is in fundamental disagreement with policy which we understood your army was taking to settle incident, it is extremely regretted that advance notice of your intent was not received. Needless to say, this matter is attended with such farreaching consequences that it can by no means be left to your unilateral decision. Hereafter, existing policy will be definitely and strictly observed. It is requested that air attack program be discontinued immediately" By Order of the Chief of Staff  By this time, Kwantung Army staff officers stood in high dudgeon. Tsuji later wrote that "tremendous combat results were achieved by carrying out dangerous operations at the risk of our lives. It is perfectly clear that we were carrying out an act of retaliation. What kind of General Staff ignores the psychology of the front lines and tramples on their feelings?" Tsuji drafted a caustic reply, which Kwantung Army commanders sent back to Tokyo, apparently without Ueda or other senior KwAHQ officers' knowledge: "There appear to be certain differences between the Army General Staff and this Army in evaluating the battlefield situation and the measures to be adopted. It is requested that the handling of trivial border-area matters be entrusted to this Army." That sarcastic note from KwAHQ left a deep impression at AGS, which felt something had to be done to restore discipline and order. When General Nakajima informed the Throne about the air raid, the emperor rebuked him and asked who would assume responsibility for the unauthorized attack. Nakajima replied that military operations were ongoing, but that appropriate measures would be taken after this phase ended. Inada sent Terada a telegram implying that the Kwantung Army staff officers responsible would be sacked in due course. Inada pressed to have Tsuji ousted from Kwantung Army immediately, but personnel matters went through the Army Ministry, and Army Minister Itagaki, who knew Tsuji personally, defended him. Tokyo recognized that the situation was delicate; since 1932, Kwantung Army had operated under an Imperial Order to "defend Manchukuo," a broad mandate. Opinions differed in AGS about how best to curb Kwantung Army's operational prerogatives. One idea was to secure Imperial sanction for a new directive limiting Kwantung Army's autonomous combat actions to no more than one regiment. Several other plans circulated. In the meantime, Kwantung Army needed tighter control. On June 29, AGS issued firm instructions to KwAHQ: Directives: a) Kwantung Army is responsible for local settlement of border disputes. b) Areas where the border is disputed, or where defense is tactically unfeasible, need not be defended. Orders: c) Ground combat will be limited to the border region between Manchukuo and Outer Mongolia east of Lake Buir Nor. d) Enemy bases will not be attacked from the air. With this heated exchange of messages, the relationship between Kwantung Army and AGS reached a critical moment. Tsuji called it the "breaking point" between Hsinking and Tokyo. According to Colonel Inada, after this "air raid squabble," gekokujo became much more pronounced in Hsinking, especially within Kwantung Army's Operations Section, which "ceased making meaningful reports" to the AGS Operations Section, which he headed. At KwAHQ, the controversy and the perception of AGS interference in local affairs hardened the resolve of wavering staff officers to move decisively against the USSR. Thereafter, Kwantung Army officers as a group rejected the General Staff's policy of moderation in the Nomonhan incident. Tsuji characterized the conflict between Kwantung Army and the General Staff as the classic clash between combat officers and "desk jockeys." In his view, AGS advocated a policy of not invading enemy territory even if one's own territory was invaded, while Kwantung Army's policy was not to allow invasion. Describing the mindset of the Kwantung Army (and his own) toward the USSR in this border dispute, Tsuji invoked the samurai warrior's warning: "Do not step any closer or I shall be forced to cut you down." Tsuji argued that Kwantung Army had to act firmly at Nomonhan to avoid a larger war later. He also stressed the importance, shared by him and his colleagues, of Kwantung Army maintaining its dignity, which he believed was threatened by both enemy actions and the General Staff. In this emotionally charged atmosphere, the Kwantung Army launched its July offensive. The success of the 2nd Air Group's attack on Tamsag Bulak further inflated KwAHQ's confidence in the upcoming offensive. Although aerial reconnaissance had been intentionally limited to avoid alarming or forewarning the enemy, some scout missions were flown. The scouts reported numerous tank emplacements under construction, though most reports noted few tanks; a single report of large numbers of tanks was downplayed at headquarters. What drew major attention at KwAHQ were reports of large numbers of trucks leaving the front daily and streaming westward into the Mongolian interior. This was interpreted as evidence of a Soviet pullback from forward positions, suggesting the enemy might sense the imminent assault. Orders were issued to speed up final preparations for the assault before Soviet forces could withdraw from the area where the Japanese "meat cleaver" would soon dismember them. What the Japanese scouts had actually observed was not a Soviet withdrawal, but part of a massive truck shuttle that General Grigori Shtern, now commander of Soviet Forces in the Far East, organized to support Zhukov. Each night, Soviet trucks, from distant MPR railway depots to Tamsag Bulak and the combat zone, moved eastward with lights dimmed, carrying supplies and reinforcements. By day, the trucks returned westward for fresh loads. It was these returning trucks, mostly empty, that the Japanese scouts sighted. The Kwantung interpretation of this mass westbound traffic was a serious error, though understandable. The Soviet side was largely ignorant of Japanese preparations, partly because the June 27 air raid had disrupted Soviet air operations, including reconnaissance. In late June, the 23rd Division and Yasuoka's tank force moved from Hailar and Chiangchunmiao toward Nomonhan. A mix of military and civilian vehicles pressed into service, but there was still insufficient motorized transport to move all troops and equipment at once. Most infantry marched the 120 miles to the combat zone, under a hot sun, carrying eighty-pound loads. They arrived after four to six days with little time to recover before the scheduled assault. With Komatsubara's combined force of about 15,000 men, 120 guns, and 70 tanks poised to attack, Kwantung Army estimated Soviet-MPR strength near Nomonhan and the Halha River at about 1,000 men, perhaps ten anti-aircraft guns, ten artillery pieces, and several dozen tanks. In reality, Japanese air activity, especially the big raid of June 27, had put the Soviets on alert. Zhukov suspected a ground attack might occur, though nothing as audacious as a large-scale crossing of the Halha was anticipated. During the night of July 1, Zhukov moved his 11th Tank Brigade, 7th Mechanized Brigade, and 24th Mechanized Infantry Regiment (36th Division) from their staging area near Tamsag Bulak to positions just west of the Halha River. Powerful forces on both sides were being marshaled with little knowledge of the enemy's disposition. As the sun scorched the Mongolian steppes, the stage was set for a clash that would echo through history. General Komatsubara's 23rd Division, bolstered by Yasuoka's armored might and the skies commanded by Gigi's air group, crept toward the Halha River like a predator in the night. Fifteen thousand Japanese warriors, their boots heavy with dust and resolve, prepared to cross the disputed waters and crush what they believed was a faltering foe. Little did they know, Zhukov's reinforcements, tanks rumbling like thunder, mechanized brigades poised in the shadows, had transformed the frontier into a fortress of steel. Miscalculations piled like sand dunes: Japanese scouts mistook supply convoys for retreats, while Soviet eyes, blinded by the June raid, underestimated the impending storm. Kwantung's gekokujo spirit burned bright, defying Tokyo's cautions, as both sides hurtled toward a brutal reckoning. What began as border skirmishes now threatened to erupt into full-scale war, testing the mettle of empires on the edge. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Patrols in May led to failed Japanese offensives, like Colonel Yamagata's disastrous assault and the Azuma detachment's annihilation. Tensions rose with air raids, including Japan's June strike on Soviet bases. By July, misjudged intelligence set the stage for a major confrontation, testing imperial ambitions amid global war clouds.

Emmet Kennedy is joined by Paul Ferguson, author of the Weatherbys Cheltenham Festival Betting Guide, for a full assessment of the Grade 1 novice chase division. We start with the Arkle Novices' Chase (2m) – a race built on speed, precision and temperament.

Sheila Tabanli shares ways to overcome the curse of expertise and other ways to be inclusive in our teaching on episode 608 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast Quotes from the episode “I suggest, sign up to a course that you have no idea, and then we’ll talk later. In other words, feel what it means to be a novice.” – Sheila Tabanli “An expert in a field doesn’t necessarily mean they will be able to effectively teach that content.” – Sheila Tabanli “There are differences between how experts and novices look at this content.” – Sheila Tabanli “We can still slow down. We can still show how an expert solves a math problem without sacrificing from the rigor or the content.” – Sheila Tabanli Quotes from the episode Resources Guidebook for Reducing the Novice-to-Expert Perception Gap in Mathematics to Increase STEM Diversity, by Sheila Tabanli Minding the Perception Gap in College Math Classrooms and Beyond, by Sheila Tabanli for Inside Higher Ed Last-Day Activities Ideas from Sheila Tabanli, Featured In The Chronicle of Higher Education Teaching Newsletter Fostering Active Learning and Metacognitive Skills in a Cognitive-Science Based Math Course, by Sheila Tabanli for the International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education Powerful Teaching: Unleash the Science of Learning, by Pooja Agarwal and Patrice Bain A Mind for Numbers: How to Excel at Math and Science, by Linda Oakley Learning How to Learn: Powerful Mental Tools to Help You Master Tough Subjects, Dr. Terrence Sejnowski and Dr. Barbara Oakley Episode 106: Undercover Professor with Mike Cross College Matters Podcast

In the 18th century, Handel relied on royal patronage. Today, it's donors like Gary Parr who keep the music playing. In this bonus episode of our “Making Messiah” series, Parr breaks down the economics of the New York Philharmonic. SOURCES:Gary Parr, senior managing director and on the management committee at Apollo, philanthropist. RESOURCES:"A Notoriously Jinxed Concert Hall Is Reborn, Again," by Michael Kimmelman (New York Times, 2022)."Apollo's New Guy Is a Legend in Banking, a Novice in Buyouts," by Sonali Basak (Bloomberg, 2017).“Handel's Messiah,” performed by The London Symphony Orchestra (2007)."Racial/Ethnic and Gender Diversity in the Orchestra Field," by James Doeser (League of American Orchestras).Parr Prize for Excellence in Teaching Shakespeare. EXTRAS:"Making Messiah," series by Freakonomics Radio (2025). Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.