First Bite: A Speech Therapy Podcast

Guests: Lindsay Meyer Turner, PhD, CCC-SLP, CNT, IBCLC, RLC, NTMTC, Leena Sayed, MS, Inéz Esparza, MS, L-SLP, CCC-SLP, Megan Richmond, DHA, MS CCC-SLP, and Meredith McLain, MCD CCC-SLPHosted by: Michelle Dawson MS, CCC-SLP, CLC, BCS-SThis episode is worth 0.1 ASHA CEU and meets ASHA DEI certification requirement, enroll here: https://www.speechtherapypd.com/courses/pfd-and-deiaIn this episode, Michelle is joined by an all-star line-up of PFD advocates from across the nation: Lindsay Meyer Turner, PhD, CCC-SLP, CNT, IBCLC, RLC, NTMTC, Leena Sayed, MS, Inéz Esparza, MS, L-SLP, CCC-SLP, Megan Richmond, DHA, MS CCC-SLP, and Meredith McLain, MCD CCC-SLP to address DEIA within the framework of pediatric feeding disorder! United together, these women create a safe space to hold a crucial and intimate conversation about the unique challenges that our colleagues, patients, and caregivers are encountering on a daily basis. Yes, there are tears, yes there is laughter, and yes there are numerous evidence-based resources to support listeners in their walk as they stand up for improved access to care, fight racism, sexism, and ableism, and most importantly serve one another with humility, compassion, and an abundance of grace all in time to close out Pediatric Feeding Disorder and ARFID Awareness Month with unparalleled joy!

Michelle and Erin get together to talk about their free PFD in Schools seminar that took place on last Sunday (5/18). They also preview the new season starting next week on May 27, and the process of creating a new cover for the first time in 7 years! Stay tuned next week for an all new episode titled "PFD and DEIA: Why It Matters to Us and Those We Serve" featuring a panel of 6 PFD experts from around the US.

Free PFD in Schools Seminar (.6 ASHA CEU): www.speechtherapypd.com/pfdThis conversation originally aired September 26, 2018 - an all new season of First Bite will return on May 27, 2025. Earn .1 ASHA CEU for this episode: https://www.speechtherapypd.com/course?name=Banishing-Basic-Feeding-Myths-in-the-World-of-Pediatrics-48Hosts: Michelle Dawson MS, CCC-SLP, CLC, BCS-S and Erin Forward MSP, CCC-SLP, CLCIn this episode, Michelle and Erin bust some of our pre-conceived myths regarding treatment of feeding disorders in the pediatric world. Defining the etiology of the dysphagia, the confusion of utilization of EBP strategies with adults and how EBP can often become misplaced when treating pediatrics is discussed, as well as some of our favorite resources to develop our EBP for pediatrics is discussed.Mentioned in this episode:Free PFD Conference Sign UpSignup for PFD in Schools: Learning from the Trailblazers: https://www.speechtherapypd.com/upcoming/pfd-in-schools

Free PFD in Schools Seminar (.6 ASHA CEU): www.speechtherapypd.com/pfdThis interview with Dr. Kay Toomey originally aired January 19, 2019, an all new season of First Bite will return on May 27, 2025. Earn .1 ASHA CEU for this episode: https://www.speechtherapypd.com/course?name=Never-Fear-Dr-Kay-Toomey-and-SOS-Feeding-are-Here-243In this engaging episode of the 'First Bite' podcast, host Michelle Dawson is joined by Dr. Kay Toomey, a leading psychologist and founder of the SOS Approach to Feeding, dives deep into the nuances of pediatric feeding therapy. Dr. Toomey explores the roots and principles of the SOS Approach, highlighting the importance of a bottom-up methodology, play, and systematic desensitization in aiding children with feeding disorders. The conversation also touches on the difference between picky eaters and problem feeders, the interdisciplinary nature of effective feeding therapy, and the challenges faced by families with medically fragile children. Dr. Toomey provides insights on how to balance different therapeutic approaches and the significance of postural stability in feeding. Throughout, the discussion emphasizes compassion, patience, and the need for a holistic, family-inclusive approach to pediatric feeding therapy.00:00 Morning Chaos and Exciting Announcements00:21 Celebrating Milestones and Upcoming Event02:34 Introduction to Today's Episode03:19 Re-releasing a Special Episode04:02 Welcome to First Bite Podcast04:28 Diving into the SOS Approach to Feeding06:04 The Journey of Dr. K Tomi13:32 Understanding Picky Eaters vs. Problem Feeders41:38 Importance of Proper Postural Stability for Children43:18 Teaching Children to Eat Through Play44:25 SOS Approach to Feeding Program45:55 Classical vs. Operant Conditioning in Feeding46:45 Addressing Feeding Difficulties in Children47:50 Bottom-Up Approach to Teaching Eating Skills49:41 Systematic Desensitization vs. Top-Down Approach51:14 Managing Vomiting During Feeding Sessions53:31 Creating a Positive Feeding Environment56:49 Becoming an SOS Certified Provider01:02:27 Navigating Different Feeding Philosophies01:12:01 Supporting Medically Fragile Children in Feeding01:17:20 Conclusion and Final ThoughtsMentioned in this episode:Free PFD Conference Sign UpSignup for PFD in Schools: Learning from the Trailblazers: https://www.speechtherapypd.com/upcoming/pfd-in-schools

Guest: Patrick "Pat" Reeves MD, FAAP, DABOM, MAJ, MC, USAEarn 0.1 ASHA CEU for this episode with Speech Therapy PD: https://www.speechtherapypd.com/course?name=BowelsBellyBrain-InteractionIn this insightful podcast episode, join host Michelle as she engages in a detailed conversation with Dr. Patrick Reeves, a pediatric gastroenterologist working with the military. They discuss a range of significant topics including the management and transition of feeding tubes, the challenges of cyclic vomiting syndrome, and functional constipation in children. Dr. Reeves also elaborates on his development of clinical action plans to improve coordination of care for patients with complex nutritional needs. Gain valuable insights into pediatric gastroenterology, practical tips for advocating for appropriate care, and the importance of teamwork among healthcare providers.Episode Timeline:00:00 Introduction and Guest Welcome01:15 Dr. Reeves' Professional Journey03:52 Developing Clinical Tools During the Pandemic05:54 The Role of Dr. Reeves' Wife in Tool Development07:44 Clinical Action Plans Overview09:46 Understanding Constipation in Pediatric Patients25:03 Challenges with Nissen Fundoplication31:11 Feeding Tubes: A Necessary Tool35:16 Introduction to Claire Riley's Research35:38 Complications of NG and J Tubes37:18 The Aggressive Bridle Device40:01 Case Study: Managing G-Tube Transitions53:23 Understanding Functional GI Disorders56:00 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome Explained01:02:07 Advocating for Pediatric GI Care01:09:46 Conclusion and Final ThoughtsAbout the Guest: Patrick “Pat” Reeves, MD, FAAP, DABOM, MAJ, MC, USA, is a triple-board-certified physician in the areas of General Pediatrician, Obesity Medicine Specialist, and Pediatric Gastroenterologist Hepatologist, with advanced research skills focusing on enhancing patient education and clinical outcomes. He serves as an associate professor of pediatrics and associate professor of military medicine through the Uniformed Services University, University of Texas, and Texas A&M. His specific research focuses are first describing the negative impacts of consumer product injuries- like button batteries, high powered magnets [Buckyballs] and water beads [Orbeez]- on child health, and secondly, the development of point-of-care tools to be used at home by families managing children with medical complexity. He has nearly 40 peer-reviewed, published articles.Watch this episode on YouTube: https://youtu.be/g5iqlS5GEGk

Guest: Joleen Fernald, PhD, CCC-SLP, BCS-CLEarn 0.1 ASHA CEU for this episode with Speech Therapy PD: https://www.speechtherapypd.com/course?name=DIR-and-Selective-MutismIn this episode, host Erin welcomes Jolene Fernald, an expert in selective mutism and DIR floor time, to discuss the complexities of selective mutism, neurodiversity, and how to support children who struggle with communication in anxiety-provoking situations. Jolene shares personal experiences, diagnostic criteria, and effective strategies based on a holistic DIR approach. Viewers will learn about the role of sensory processing, how to build a supportive classroom environment, and the importance of understanding the 'why' behind behaviors. This episode also covers the overlap between selective mutism and autism, providing insights into the situational challenges faced by neurodivergent individuals. Jolene introduces useful resources, including a new card deck to guide therapists and educators. This enriching conversation aims to equip you with knowledge and tools to better support children with selective mutism.Episode Timeline:00:00 Introduction and Excitement for the Episode00:30 Upcoming Events and Conferences01:09 Guest Introduction: Jolene Fernald03:29 Jolene's Journey and Expertise in Selective Mutism09:49 Understanding Selective Mutism and DIR Approach13:29 Diagnosing and Addressing Selective Mutism20:55 Building Communication Capacities in Children28:15 The Role of Sensory Activities and AAC31:24 Understanding Communication Challenges in Children32:28 Addressing Classroom Anxiety and AAC Systems35:12 Supporting Teachers and Creating Safe Environments38:23 Effective Classroom Strategies for Anxious Students47:09 Selective Mutism and Autism: Overlapping Conditions57:32 Resources and Tools for Supporting Children with SM01:01:48 Conclusion and Final ThoughtsAbout the Guest: Joleen R. Fernald, PhD, CCC-SLP was awarded Board Specialty Recognition in Child Language from the American Speech-Language Hearing Association. Dr. Fernald follows Greenspan and Wieder's model, DIRFloortime® , when working with children and families.She has a special interest in the social-emotional development of young children and its impact on their speech and language skills. As a speech-language pathologist, Dr. Fernald works with children who have a variety of communication disorders. She specializes in the assessment and treatment of Selective Mutism and is the developer of the DIR-SM model.

Guest: Tiffany Elliott, MS CCC-SLP, CNT, IBCLCEarn 0.1 ASHA CEU for this episode with Speech Therapy PD: https://www.speechtherapypd.com/course?name=Bridging-NICU-to-Home In this special birthday episode of First Byte, Michelle Dawson, a devoted therapist and mother, explores the intricate journey from NICU to home with expert Tiffany Elliott. They discuss practical strategies for caregivers in maintaining emotional wellbeing, the importance of neuroprotective care, and the Hospital to Home Systems Change project aimed at improving continuity of care for infants and their families. Elliott shares her insights from working in various NICUs, setting up essential support systems, and the critical role that emotional support plays in successful infant feeding. This episode is packed with valuable information for anyone interested in pediatric feeding, NICU professionals, and caregivers navigating early intervention services. Episode Timeline: 00:00 Welcome to First Bite00:29 A Day in the Life of a Pediatric Feeding Specialist01:31 University of Tennessee Lecture Experience04:11 Encouragement for Clinical Supervisors05:59 Introducing Tiffany Elliott06:41 Tiffany's Journey and NICU Experience19:09 Hospital to Home Systems Change23:39 Challenges in Early Intervention26:53 Barriers and Solutions in Washington State36:21 Personal and Professional Reflections40:12 Navigating Academia and Authenticity41:39 Balancing Productivity and Care in the NICU44:21 Challenges in Early Intervention Systems45:29 Continuity of Care and Billing Codes49:21 Training and Support for Caregivers51:59 Emotional Wellbeing and Feeding01:00:16 Practical Strategies for Caregiver Support01:11:38 Final Thoughts and Resources About the Guest(s): Tiffany Elliott, MS CCC-SLP, CNT, IBCLC, is a Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) who specializes in pediatric feeding and swallowing disorders with a strong focus on preterm and medically complex infants and strengthening the caregiver-infant dyad. She is also an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) and holds certifications in neonatal therapy (CNT) as well as neonatal touch and massage (NTMTC). She is currently a LEND trainee at the University of Washington. Tiffany is passionate about improving systems of care. She is a hospital-to-home systems change specialist with Northwest Center, where she partners with professionals across Washington state to enhance the hospital-to-home transition for infants and build community therapists' capacity. She also works on the infant feeding team at Seattle Children's Hospital, providing direct care for infants and their families. Before these positions, she co-founded the UW Medical Center's NICU SLP program and worked at Mary Bridge Children's Hospital.Watch this episode on YouTube: https://youtu.be/n7hXTJG_FJMMentioned in this episode:School of Speech is Back!!Season 2 of School of Speech has arrived! Every host Carolyn Dolby every Monday morning as she sits down with practicing SLPs, academic researchers, and leading experts to talk about all aspects of school-based speech-language pathology. Carolyn and her guests explore everyday topics, tackle tough situations, and share valuable insights to support school therapists in their daily practice. Find School of Speech on Spotify, Apple Podcasts and other podcast platforms.

Guest: Amy Zembriski, MBA, MS, CCC-SLPEarn 0.1 ASHA CEU for this episode with Speech Therapy PD: https://www.speechtherapypd.com/course?name=Neurodiversity-Affirming-Feeding-Therapy-Where-do-I-StartIn this episode of First Bite, host Michelle Dawson introduces a valuable conversation between Erin Forward and Amy Zimbrisky, a seasoned speech therapist specializing in neurodiversity affirming feeding therapy. After highlighting insights from the Feeding Matters Conference, Erin and Amy delve into practical strategies for beginning feeding therapy with neurodiverse children. They discuss creating a safe and welcoming environment, the importance of caregiver education, and the significance of understanding each child's unique relationship with food. Amy shares her personal journey in overcoming challenges and learning to support her clients in a more holistic and relationship-based manner, emphasizing the significance of autonomy and trust. Tune in to learn how to build therapeutic strategies personalized for each child, utilize AAC effectively, and foster a positive mealtime experience. Episode Timeline: 00:00 Introduction and Episode Overview00:41 Feeding Matters Conference Highlights01:31 Creating a Safe Space for Feeding Therapy03:33 Personal Reflections and Announcements05:25 Introduction to Amy Zembrisky07:16 Amy's Journey in Feeding Therapy11:44 Building Trust and Autonomy in Feeding Therapy15:29 Caregiver Education and Support17:44 The Importance of Routine and Flexibility35:28 Validating Caregiver Concerns36:44 Navigating Social Media Judgments on Parenting37:51 Understanding Children's Food Preferences38:54 The Importance of Flexibility in Feeding Therapy40:24 Building Trust and Safety in Therapy42:10 Case Study: Engaging a Child in Mealtime43:42 Personalizing Therapy Approaches47:45 The Role of Caregivers in Feeding Therapy58:12 Advice for New Therapists01:00:55 Resources and Mentorship01:05:19 Conclusion and Contact InformationAbout the Guest: Amy Zembriski, MBA, MS, CCC-SLP is a certified speech language pathologist with an extensive background working in a variety of settings, including acute care, skilled nursing facilities, schools, early intervention, and private practice. Additionally, she has had past experience working as an adjunct professor supervising graduate students during their diagnostic clinical practicum. She is the owner of Speech Therapy Connections in Fair Lawn, NJ, where she specializes in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and gestalt language processing; Amy offers expert support for families with autistic children. Her passion lies in educating and empowering both professionals and families through neurodiversity-affirming practices.

Guest: Ashley Muñoz López MBA, MS, CCC-SLP, BCS-S Earn 0.1 ASHA CEU for this episode with Speech Therapy PD: https://www.speechtherapypd.com/course?name=Discovering-the-Leader-in-You In this episode, Michelle Dawson introduces the theme of leadership within the field of speech pathology. Michelle shares insights from her recent experience at the Feeding Matters conference, highlighting the importance of advocacy, especially regarding the protection of 504 plans under threat in several states. The week's guest, Ashley Lopez, delves into her journey as a speech pathologist transitioning from adult care to pediatric care, her pursuit of leadership roles, and the challenges of balancing professional and personal life during these transitions. Ashley also opens up about the impact of postpartum depression, the necessity of finding one's tribe for support, and her educational path that includes obtaining an MBA to enhance her leadership skills. This episode is a heartfelt discussion about personal growth, professional transitions, and the essential role of advocacy in the field.Link to ASHA Advocacy - Texas v. Beccera: https://www.asha.org/news/2025/texas-v-becerra-a-lawsuit-that-threatens-disability-rights/Episode Timeline: 00:00 Welcome to First Bite00:18 Reflections on Feeding Matters Conference02:52 The Fight for 504 Plans07:39 Introducing Ashley Lopez09:14 Ashley's Journey into Speech Pathology17:33 Career Pivots and Challenges20:45 Transitioning to Pediatrics22:52 Navigating Postpartum Depression32:35 Mentorship and Adult Learning34:19 Pursuing an MBA During the Pandemic37:38 Discovering a Passion for Medicine38:01 Pursuing an MBA38:41 Balancing Education and Career39:59 Understanding the Bigger Picture in Healthcare40:50 The Importance of Leadership in Healthcare41:38 Graduating and Future Aspirations43:06 Challenges in Clinical Training45:09 The Role of Business in Healthcare46:10 Personal Life and Professional Balance49:14 Finding Support and Building a Tribe51:43 Adapting to New Normals01:03:04 Leadership and Continuous Learning01:09:09 Concluding Thoughts and Gratitude About the Guest: Ashley is a board-certified clinician with experience in direct patient care, project management, service line development, and leadership. She has worked as a speech-language pathologist for over a decade and has experience working with children and adults in various practice pathways. She has substantial experience working with patients with acquired brain injury, respiratory compromise, and dysphagia. Ashley has been published in the ASHA Leader and Aerodigestive Health as well as the Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups. She received the Distinguished Early Career Professional (ECP) Certificate in 2018 and graduated from ASHA's Leadership Development Program (LDP) in 2019. She is a current member of the Hispanic Caucus for ASHA and a previous board member. She has been a guest speaker for several universities and has presented at the local, state, and national levels, including multidisciplinary presentations with nursing organizations. Most recently, she was invited to be a speaker at ASHA's upper airway online conference. In 2020, Ashley began her term as a site visitor for the Council on Academic Accreditation (CAA). ​​​Ashley provided dedicated service to ASHA's Special Interest Group 13 as a professional development member from 2021 - to 2023 and the CE content manager. Currently, she is serving on the adult swallowing committee for the ASHA 2024 convention. Outside of her duties in the clinical realm, Ashley empowers diverse members of the healthcare workforce and was the 2022 co-chair and 2023

Guest: Dyan Dickerson MA, CCC-SLPEarn 0.1 ASHA CEU for this episode with Speech Therapy PD: https://www.speechtherapypd.com/course?name=Floortime-for-the-SLPIn this episode of First Bite, Michelle and Erin welcomes Diane Dickerson, a certified expert in DIR Floortime and feeding, to explore the intricacies of the Floortime model. Listeners get an inside look into the principles of DIR (Developmental, Individual Differences, Relationship-based) Floortime and understand its impact on communication and feeding therapy. Diane shares her professional journey, the importance of affect, and how to approach therapy with critical thinking. Tune in to hear case studies and learn practical tips for applying Floortime in both feeding and communication settings.About the Guest: Dyan Dickerson is an ASHA (USA) and RCLST (UK) certified speech-language pathologist who graduated with both her B.S. and M.A. degrees in Communication Sciences and Disorders from the University of Central Florida. While in school, Dyan became passionate about The Floortime Approach while working privately with a family, where she used the approach with their son for nearly four years (Hi, J!). After graduation, Dyan moved to Washington, D.C., to work at The Floortime Center for six years, where she later became the lead speech-language pathologist. Dyan provided services in the private practice setting, school-based therapy, home services, and throughout the community. She saw clients in individual sessions and group therapy as well as provided intensive services for families around the world as part of a collaborative team. Dyan is Floortime trained and holds certification in the S.O.S. Approach to Feeding and Integrated Listening Therapy (iLs) and training with Gestalt Language Processing. While working at The Floortime Center, Dyan traveled to Budapest to present on Foodtime, a feeding program she co-developed, as well as Miami to present on both Foodtime and speech-language therapy using the Greenspan Floortime Approach. Dyan is a collaborative volunteer for The Greenspan Approach online course - an ASHA-approved C.E. program - she holds licensure in Florida and the UK. Dyan believes in a developmental, whole-child approach to therapy and uses The Floortime Approach to support children and their families. Dyan is soon moving back to Tampa, Florida, and will support clients and families in person and virtually.Mentioned in this episode:Nourishing Connection: Trauma-Informed Feeding Therapy a course from Erin ForwardThis comprehensive course supports you in providing authentic, trauma-informed feeding therapy for neurodivergent and medically complex clients. Through 18 hours of ASHA CEU credits, you'll engage with a weekly live lecture (that can be rewatched as a recorded version) plus dedicated office hours for additional questions if you're unable to join live. You'll gain access to a supportive group for ongoing discussion and receive a 50+ page ebook filled with valuable resources, including a goal bank. Explore the key principles of mealtime literacy—connection, comfort, and curiosity—designed to help children engage with food in a way that respects their individuality. Scroll down for a detailed topic breakdown and start building your confidence in a flexible, child-centered approach to feeding therapy. Learn more/sign up: https://www.erinforwardslp.com/courses

Guest: Travis Threats, PhD, CCC-SLPGoFundMe link referenced in intro: https://www.gofundme.com/f/honoring-chriss-love-legacy-through-his-daughtersEarn 0.1 ASHA CEU for this episode with Speech Therapy PD: https://www.speechtherapypd.com/course?name=A-Conversation-on-the-Intersection-of-Faith-between-CliniciaIn this heartfelt episode of 'First Bite,' host Michelle Dawson and guest Dr. Travis Threats dive deep into the intersection of faith, healing, and cultural awareness within the field of speech therapy. From personal stories of overcoming grief and professional struggles to examining the role of faith in patient care, this episode explores how spiritual beliefs and cultural backgrounds profoundly influence therapeutic practices. Viewers will learn about the importance of humility in practice, honoring diverse traditions, and the ethical considerations of treating clients from various faiths and cultures. Join us for an enlightening conversation on bringing light, hope, and joy to the pediatric speech therapy community.Episode Timeline: 00:00 Welcome to First Bite05:46 Introducing Dr. Travis Threats08:30 Faith and Professional Practice16:21 Cultural Competence in Speech Therapy33:05 Client's Unexpected Reaction34:08 Faith and Professionalism35:34 Navigating Religious Differences38:57 Handling Bias in Clinical Settings42:14 Cultural Sensitivity in Practice56:44 Faith in Healthcare Professions01:01:26 Concluding Thoughts and ReflectionsFirst Bite is now on YouTube - https://youtu.be/khogy7_oMjMMentioned in this episode:School of Speech is Back!!Season 2 of School of Speech has arrived! Every host Carolyn Dolby every Monday morning as she sits down with practicing SLPs, academic researchers, and leading experts to talk about all aspects of school-based speech-language pathology. Carolyn and her guests explore everyday topics, tackle tough situations, and share valuable insights to support school therapists in their daily practice. Find School of Speech on Spotify, Apple Podcasts and other podcast platforms.

Guest: Dr. Richard Noel, MDEarn 0.1 ASHA CEU for this episode with Speech Therapy PD: https://www.speechtherapypd.com/course?name=The-Medical-Domain-of-Pediatric-Feeding-DisorderIn this episode, Dr. Richard Noel joins the discussion to shed light on Pediatric Feeding Disorder (PFD) and its medical domain. Dr. Noel shares his journey to becoming a pediatric GI specialist and explores the critical components of managing PFD. Key topics include the importance of growth and nutrition, management of upper GI tract issues, and the significance of airway and lung concerns. Dr. Noel also addresses common misconceptions about reflux in infants and the use of various appetite stimulants such as ciproheptadine and mirtazapine. Viewers will gain valuable insights into constipation management, the role of scheduled toileting, and the importance of multidisciplinary care in treating PFD. The conversation underscores the need for better medical understanding and care strategies for children with PFD.Timeline:00:00 Introduction and Guest Welcome01:41 Journey to Becoming a Pediatric Gastroenterologist05:32 Understanding Pediatric Feeding Disorders06:51 Medical Domain of PFD: Key Considerations08:24 Addressing Nutritional Concerns14:17 Managing Constipation in PFD21:39 Behavioral Strategies for Feeding23:36 Family Involvement in Feeding Therapy26:04 Family Routines and Feeding Therapy26:47 Medications for Appetite Stimulation27:03 Ciproheptadine: Uses and Effects31:18 Mirtazapine: An Appetite Stimulant34:49 Megastrol: A Powerful Appetite Stimulant37:07 Managing GI Issues in Children38:03 Reflux and Vomiting in Infants43:09 Cyclical GI Disorders: Abdominal Migraines and More47:20 The Role of Multidisciplinary Teams in Pediatric Care48:56 Challenges in Pediatric Feeding Disorder Education53:46 Advocacy and Access to Multidisciplinary CareAbout the Guest: Dr. Richard Noel was born in Mexico City and grew up in San Antonio, TX. He has MD/PhD degrees from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas and did a residency in Pediatrics at Wake Forest University in NC. He trained in Pediatric Gastroenterology at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, where he developed an interest in working with children with pediatric feeding disorders. He worked for 10 years at the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin with Dr. Colin Rudolph and then transitioned to Duke University, where is currently Division Chief for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.Watch this Interview on YouTube: https://youtu.be/NVGPdIzfobs

Guests: Jennifer Ruckner, MS CCC-SLP, and Beth Cooper, MOT, OTR/LEarn 0.1 ASHA CEU for this episode with Speech Therapy PD: https://www.speechtherapypd.com/course?name=Sensory-Detective-Part-2-A-Closer-InspectionIn this episode, Michelle is joined once again by Jennifer Ruckner, MS CCC-SLP, and Beth Cooper, MOT, OTR/L, for “Sensory Detective Part 2: A Closer Inspection”. In “Part 1” (#3660), Jen and Beth went into detail on the roles and responsibilities of SLPs and OTs with respect to “sensory” and how they can collaborate, and they were just getting started. In “Part 2”, they share why it is so critical to empower caregivers in their child's sensory journey and how to teach clinicians to do so, starting with the initial evaluation. Jen and Beth then transition to a series of case studies to highlight the impact of the “medical domain” of pediatric feeding disorder on the child's sensory systems and wrap up with recommendations on when/why taking a break from therapy can be beneficial. Remember, everyone has a role in “sensory,” and we hope that this episode continues to grow your passion for it.About the Guest(s): Jennifer Ruckner MS, CCC-SLP received her Bachelor's of Science Degree and a Master's Degree in Communication Disorders from Auburn University. She has been a speech-language pathologist since 1990 working in a variety of settings including Early Intervention, school districts, and private practice. Jennifer piloted a preschool expressive language program for Stafford County Schools. Jennifer specializes in Social/Pragmatic Language, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Expressive Language Disorder, and Feeding Disorders, and is Beckman Oral Motor Certified. She provides services through Telepractice and at home. In 2008, she and partner Patti Minicucci created Tots To Teens Therapy Services to provide speech and language resources in an interdisciplinary approach to the families of Northern Virginia. Jennifer is a Community Ambassador for Feeding Matters, a non-profit, parent-founded organization.Sharibeth (Beth) Cooper MS, OTR/L received her Master's Degree in Occupational Therapy from the University of Illinois-Chicago in 2004. She has experience working in various settings, including home-based early intervention, teletherapy, school systems, outpatient clinics, and as part of a diagnostic team for a center for autism. She is certified in the Handwriting Without Tears® program, M.O.V.E® program, and Therapeutic Listening®. She has completed advanced continuing education in MORE, Floortime/DIR, Kinesiotaping, The Ready Approach for Self Regulation®, The Alert Program®, TEACCH®, TalkTools, neurodevelopmental techniques, and assistive technology. She has been a presenter at state conferences, parent workshops, universities, daycares, and school programs. Beth also serves as the Clinical Director at Tots to Teens Therapy Services. In her spare time, Beth enjoys spending time outdoors with her husband and four children.YouTube Episode Link: https://youtu.be/VrDBJufQpzo

Guest: Angelyn Franks, SLPD, CCC-SLPEarn 0.1 ASHA CEU for this episode with Speech Therapy PD: https://www.speechtherapypd.com/course?name=Burnout-and-Mindfulness-for-the-SLP-The-Conversations-we-NeeJoin Erin and Dr. Angelyn Franks in an honest conversation about a topic that most SLPs don't dive into but have experienced at one time or another: burnout. Dr. Angelyn Franks provides an authentic perspective on what burnout actually is, how to identify it, ways to support someone (or yourself), and proactive strategies. So many SLPs have been outspoken about their stress and frustration within the field and Angelyn is here to provide insight into what we can do to support our mental health in a field we all love.Watch the full video interview on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rl39nZGkVGA

Guest: Carolyn Dolby MS, CCC-SLPEarn 0.1 ASHA CEU for this episode with Speech Therapy PD: https://www.speechtherapypd.com/course?name=Establishing-PFD-and-Dysphagia-Services-in-the-SchoolsIn this episode, Michelle and Erin are joined by none other than Carolyn Dolby, MS, CCC-SLP, host of the “School of Speech” podcast, and sought-after speaker for how to implement pediatric feeding disorder and dysphagia care in the Schools Carolyn spends this hour sharing her first-hand experience on successfully establishing this PFD/dysphagia management in the Houston, TX school district and how she is doing it again in Portland, OR. If you have wanted insider knowledge on the screening, evaluating, and treating process, how to obtain district-level support, or simply where to start the process, then this is the hour for you.Watch the full video interview on YouTube: https://youtu.be/wh-8Lif_DVQ?si=PUPaqqddRWCOdc5z

Earn 0.1 ASHA CEU for this episode with Speech Therapy PD: https://www.speechtherapypd.com/course?name=Taking-a-Bite-out-of-TraumaInformed-CareIn this episode, Michelle and Erin are joined by Rachel Archambault, an SLP Program Specialist for Broward County Public Schools and passionate colleague behind the @PTSD.SLP social media advocacy account. “Trauma-informed care” (TIC) has gained traction within our field in the last few years; however, most of us who practice this approach have never received explicit instruction. Where do we begin? Well, that's what Rachel and Erin break down in this episode. Tune in as they go through the key principles, discuss preferred resources, and then teach us how to clinically apply it to the little ones we serve in all settings: early intervention, private practice, and even public schools!About the Guest: Rachel Archambault, MA CCC-SLP is an SLP Program Specialist for Broward County Public Schools. After a traumatic event happened at her workplace on 2/14/18, she looked for ways to help work with students (and herself) after trauma. She found trauma-informed care and has been presenting nationally to SLPs and other providers on how TIC can be used in their setting. She runs the Instagram account, @PTSD.SLP which discusses TIC from a speech lens.Hosted by: Michelle Dawson MS, CCC-SLP, CLC, BCS-S and Erin Forward, MSP, CCC-SLP, CLC, Advanced DIR/Floortime® Provider, TBRI® Trained PractitionerWatch the full video interview on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@speechtherapypd

Earn 0.1 ASHA CEU for this episode with Speech Therapy PD: www.speechtherapypd.com/course?name=Feeding-Matters-Leading-the-Way-for-ARFID-and-PFDIn the first episode of 2025, Michelle is joined by Jaclyn Pederson, MHI, CEO of Feeding Matters, and William Sharp, PhD, Director of Children's Multidisciplinary Feeding Program (Atlanta, GA) and Professor at Emory University School of Medicine, to lay the foundation for a year of combining passion, advocacy, and learning. These guests share their expertise and highlights from a recent journal publication on how the diagnoses of “Pediatric Feeding Disorder” and “Avoidant Restrictive Feeding Intake Disorder” are individualistic while simultaneously overlapping to capture the unique needs of the little ones on our caseloads. Additionally, they share practical insight into the roles and responsibilities of various team members, such as the SLP and the psychologist, in evaluating and treating these little ones as part of an interprofessional practice team.About the Guests: Jaclyn Peterson, MHI: With more than a decade of experience in program development, Jaclyn Pederson's broad knowledge of programming in the public and social sectors includes program and strategic initiative design, fund development, special events, grant writing, and community engagement. A system thinker and positive team builder, she uses transformational leadership principles to develop energized and efficient workgroups that influence significant organizational and systemic change for all affected by pediatric feeding disorder –such as the development of the expanded PFD Alliance. Jaclyn also manages Feeding Matters' strategic partnerships with numerous professional associations, including the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), the American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, and the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN).William Sharp, PhD is a clinical psychologist and professor in the department of pediatrics at Emory University School of Medicine. He is also the Director of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta's Multidisciplinary Feeding Program. In this role, Dr. Sharp leads a team of professionals that includes psychologists, physicians, speech-language pathologists, and dietitians who evaluate and treat children with pediatric feeding disorder and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). His research interest focuses on identifying the cause, consequences, and treatment of chronic food refusal in pediatric populations. His most recent work involves developing and evaluating a training curriculum for therapists to deliver a manual-based intervention for food selectivity - or extremely narrow dietary in children with ARFID.Hosted by: Michelle Dawson MS, CCC-SLP, CLC, BCS-SWatch the full video interview on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@speechtherapypd

Earn .1 ASHA CEU for this episode with Speech Therapy PD: https://www.speechtherapypd.com/course?name=Simply-Thick-IDDSI-and-Compassionate-Clinical-ImplicationsJoin Michelle as she welcomes John Holahan, President of SimplyThick, LLC and co-author of Modern Dysphagia Cookbook, for the final episode of 2024. John shares the story behind SimplyThick, its IDDSI connections, and why these insights matter in pediatric care. With his grace, joy, and dedication to supporting others, this episode is a perfect way to end the year on an inspiring note!

Earn 0.1 ASHA CEU for this episode with Speech Therapy PD: https://www.speechtherapypd.com/course?name=Unlocking-the-Power-of-CBIS-for-our-PatientsGuest: Kara Jones M.A. CCC-SLP, CBIS - In this episode, Michelle is joined by Kara Jones, M.A. CCC-SLP, CBIS, Past President of the Georgia Speech-Language-Hearing Association, and Dr. Robert A. Hull, Leadership Award recipient, to discuss all things “Certified Brain Injury Specialist”! Not all of us had the opportunity to take advanced coursework in brain injury across the lifespan in graduate school. However, we often encounter cognitive-communication-based disorders on our caseloads and need to know current evidence-based treatments. In this hour, Kara builds us up by sharing functional resources for learning more about the brain, how pursuing the CBIS can benefit the patients we serve, as well as educating us on some of the most common brain injuries we can expect to encounter professionally.

In this episode, Michelle and Erin are back at it to spend an hour dedicated to pediatric feeding disorder (PFD) goal writing. After spending 280+ episodes growing our evidenced-based practice, we have evolved how we write our PFD goals big-time! So, wrap up your year discovering functional resources for combating ableism and antiquated deficits-based writing, and join the ladies of “First Bite” to discover ways to write strengths-based and trauma-informed goals that respect the autonomy of the children on your caseload while also supporting their caregivers in the process of making merry memories during mealtime!

Guest: Shawna Ross, MS, CCC-SLPIn this episode, Michelle is joined by Shawna Ross, MS, CCC-SLP, founder of Sierra Therapy Group, a pediatric private practice in Reno, NV, and passionate SLP volunteer, who is currently serving on ASHA's Committee of Ambassadors, as the SLP Member for Nevada. As colleagues from around the globe are gearing up for “Elevate!” ASHA Convention 2024 in Seattle, WA, Michelle and Shawna thought it was the perfect time to share a little insight into the amazing gains this year for ASHA's Public Policy Agenda and how ASHA's Committee of Ambassadors played a vital role. So, if you have ever wanted to become more involved in advocating for federal policy change on anything/everything from reimbursement rates, the interstate compact, or increased access to care for those we have been called to serve, this is the hour for you!

Guest: Marsha Dunn Klein, OTR/L, MEd, FAOTAIn this episode, Michelle and Erin are joined by THE Marsha Dunn Klein, OTR/L, MEd, FAOTA, founder of the “Get Permission Institute” for part two of a four-part miniseries on Pediatric Feeding Disorder (PFD)! In this hour, Marsha discusses the evidenced-based neurodivergent affirming PFD shifts behind the “try it” approach for intervention. If you have ever felt uncomfortable writing a goal and asking a child to “take a bite” or “lick it three times,” know that you are not alone. Work through relevant case studies with Marsha, Erin, and Michelle as they troubleshoot viable alternatives that embrace a child's autonomy. Learn how to write goals correlating to daily mealtime routines, implement authentic mealtime joy for child and caregiver, and document clinically relevant progress.

Guest: Heidi Liefer Moreland, MS, CCC-SLP, BCS-S, CLCIn this episode, Michelle is joined by the one and only Heidi Liefer Moreland, MS, CCC-SLP, BCS-S, CLC, Clinical Coordinator with Thrive Tube-Weaning Program, cohost of the podcast “Tube to Table,” published author and researcher, and internationally sought after speaker! For this hour-long conversation, Heidi shares her evidence-based approach to supporting little ones and their caregivers in their natural environment as they learn to eat by mouth! So, suppose you are ready to learn about intrinsic motivation and responsive feeding and pick up successful strategies to engage in interprofessional practice as a home-based, private practice, or school-based clinician. In that case, this is the episode for you.

Guest: Lisa Bowers, PhD, CCC-SLPIn this episode, Michelle is joined by the charismatic Lisa Bowers, PhD CCC-SLP, Chair of the Council of Academic Programs in Communication Sciences and Disorder's (CAPCSD) IPE/IPP committee, and Director of the Service Learning Initiative at the University of Arkansas. Lisa, a passionate advocate for the speech-language pathologist working to improve children's language and literacy abilities, spends this power hour sharing some of her favorite resources and imparting pearls of wisdom! So, whether you are a tried and true SLP and want to improve your interprofessional education and practice within the public schools for your students struggling with reading or are still in your clinical fellow and not sure where to begin when it comes to speech-sound disorders and literacy, this episode has you covered.

Guest: Marsha Dunn Klein, OTR/L, MEd, FAOTA - In this episode, Michelle is joined by Marsha, founder of the “Get Permission Institute,” for part one of a four-part miniseries on Pediatric Feeding Disorder (PFD)! To kick off the miniseries, Marsha discusses the evidence-based PFD shifts that have occurred over the last few years… shifts that come from listening to and elevating neurodivergent voices. Gone are the days of forcing a child to eat during therapy or relying upon external reinforcement to “take a bite.” The shift is towards respecting individual autonomy, encouraging diversity in thought about what constitutes a safe and healthy mealtime routine and a well-balanced meal...and the list goes on! Marsha quoted Maya Angelo, “Once you know better, you do better,” she hopes this episode will inspire today's treating PFD clinicians to embrace the shift.

Guest: Claire Martin, M.Ed., CCC-SLP - In this episode, Michelle is joined by Claire, a recent James Madison University Speech-Hearing-Association of Virginia Leadership and Advocacy Academy graduate, to discuss all things AAC. Claire creates a safe space to walk us through the process of establishing accessible AAC for outpatient clinics, explains the requirements for submitting a permanent device request to insurance, and tackles some of the most common barriers an SLP will encounter when initiating an AAC trial, all while offering functional advice on how to overcome these.

Guest: Brooke Nutting - Join Erin and Brooke, a mother of an autistic child, in this deep and heartfelt discussion regarding advocating for children and their right to neurodiversity-affirming care. Erin and Brooke discuss the challenges of finding the right team and knowing what is right for your child in a world full of voices thinking they know best. As clinicians, we discuss the importance of working with caregivers and listening to autistic voices, but how often do we truly take the time to listen to the lived experiences of caregivers? This discussion will hopefully open your eyes to taking a step back and truly understanding a family's core values, how to best support the families of our neurodivergent clients, and knowing that we don't always have the answer.

Guests: Memorie Gosa, PhD, CCC-SLP, BCS-S & Jeanne Marshall, Ph.D, B Sp. Path- In this episode, Michelle is joined by two powerhouses in the world of pediatric feeding disorder (PFD): Dr. Memorie Gosa and Dr. Jeanne Marshall. This conversation, which was many moons in the making, addresses a crucial topic in the world of PFD; we are talking all things PROM. (Rhinestones and tulle are not required)

Guest: Nathaniel B. Ellis, M.S., CCC-SLP - In this episode, Michelle is joined by Nate, a school-based phonetics and phonology specialist! In addition to being an active member of the Speech-Language-Hearing Association of Virginia (SHAV), serving on its Conference Planning Committee and CE Administration Team, he regularly lectures on clinical phonetics, clinical phonology, and developmental speech-sound disorders… bringing unbridled passion and new insight into the topic to both current and future colleagues. Today, “Nate” takes listeners on a journey that unites the formally separated theoretical and clinical practice realms of phonetics and phonology. If you are a fellow speech-sound nerd, join this fabulous conversation to learn how to improve your accuracy in analyzing typical and atypical speech-sound errors… and how this carries over to improved intervention and outcomes for the children we serve!

Guest: Madilyn "Madi" Metcalf, MS, CCC-SLP - In this episode, Michelle is joined by Madi, the delightful host of “Making Sense of Selective Eating,” a podcast miniseries with Speech Therapy PD. Over this hour, Madi speaks from her heart, sharing insight on the journey that she took to be able to competently serve the pediatric feeding disorder (PFD) patients in her hometown. So, if you, too, have looked around your community and recognized that PFD services are in need but are unsure where to begin, this is the conversation for you! Madi shares how she overcame imposter syndrome by bravely taking numerous courses, volunteering with her state association, and entering the field of early intervention and private practice to cast a wide net, all to meet caregivers and patients right where they are (both figuratively and literally!). Let her illuminate the path forward through functional recommendations for growing your PFD evidence-based practice!

Guest: Gillian Boudreau, PhD - Join Erin and Dr. Boudreau to discuss the intricacies of the psychosocial component of pediatric feeding disorders and how a caregiver's relationship with food can impact the overall dynamics of mealtime. Dr. Boudreau and Erin dive into the neurobiology of safety to help guide our understanding of what a child and caregiver truly need. We hope this episode helps you take a step back and better understand the importance of relationships and how the intimacy of eating can play a large role in how those relationships play out at mealtime.

Guest: Taylor Anderson, MS, CCC-SLP - Erin is joined again by her wonderful colleague, Taylor Anderson, to discuss a topic near and dear to their hearts: autonomy, trauma-informed care, and DIR/Floortime. Erin and Taylor have worked with many medically complex kids and found the value of utilizing these strategies to promote their self-advocacy and feel like they have a say in the world around them. This is critical for building communication as well as opening their world to promote imagination and new ideas. Erin and Taylor will dive into what trauma-informed care is and its collaboration with DIR/Floortime strategies to best serve our patients and their families.

Guest: Casey Rovinksi, SLP - In this episode, Erin is joined by the lovely Casey Rovinksi, SLP and owner of Speak Outside the Box practice in Tampa, Florida. Casey and Erin discuss the value of relationship-based therapy with our clients and within ourselves.They dive into the value of building community with our families and coworkers. Casey talks about finding like-minded clinicians when growing a private practice and how to learn to step outside the box in our sessions. This episode truly comes from the heart, and we hope that you allow yourself to open up by listening.

Guest: Martin B. Brodsky, Ph.D., Sc.M., CCC-SLP, F-ASHA - In this episode, Michelle is joined by none other than THE Martin B. Brodsky, Ph.D., Sc.M., CCC-SLP, F-ASHA, Section Head for Speech-Language Pathology in the Integrated Surgical Institute at Cleveland Clinic and Adjunct Associate Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Johns Hopkins University. Martin opens this hour, sharing his journey into critical care for adults and the role of mentors. Then Martin and Michelle deep dive into ICU delirium, discussing potential etiologies that could trigger it and how it could impact a patient's cognition and deglutition. The hour wraps with a discussion on the speech-language pathologist's role and responsibility to support patients across the life continuum with respect to the ethical timing of intervention. If you are an SLP who treats across the life continuum or are interested in working with adults, this is the episode for you!

Guest: Farwa Husain, MS CCC-SLP - Farwa, a bilingual speech-language pathologist and private practice owner of One-on-One Speech Therapy in New Jersey, recognized as an ASHA Innovator in 2023, spends this hour sharing her passion for growing culturally and linguistically appropriate therapy for gestalt language processors (GLP) and their caregivers! So, if you want to learn more about GLP, how it compares to analytic language processors (ALP), and how to support GLP in their natural environments, then tune in and let Farwa share her brilliance and compassion!

Guests: Kelly Farquharson, Ph.D., CCC-SLP, BSC-CL, F-ASHA, & Jennifer M. Simpson, AuD, CCC-A - The ASHA Convention may only happen once a year, but the planning and dedication that leads up to those few days starts two years before the go-live date. In this candid episode, Kelly and Jennifer share behind-the-scenes data on everything from convention registration numbers, variety in convention topic committees, and ways our colleagues volunteer their time to propel our fields forward. So, if you have ever wondered about the process involved in a “call for papers” or how you can become more involved in convention, this is the episode for you.

Guest: Sarah Breshears, MA, CCC-SLP & Savanah Reaser - In this episode, Michelle is joined by Sarah Breshears, MA, CCC-SLP, speech-language pathologist, founder of Short and Sweet Speech, CEO of Social Moguls, author of “Short and Sweet Stories,” and her niece Savanah Reaser, American Sign Language (ASL) interpreter, and illustrator of “Short and Sweet Stories.” With spring break upon us and summer knocking at the door, a fair few of us are contemplating the inevitable question, “Should we return to this job?” “Am I truly using all of my talents here?” or “Am I destined for more?”. These honest and raw questions get to our hearts; they stir at our souls, because we want and deserve more than our Monday through Friday, the bare bones of our 9-5 grind. But can we actually do it? Can we take that leap of faith and become an “SLP Entrepreneur”? The answer is YES! Join Michelle, Sarah, and Savanah as they discuss options for expanding upon your baseline skills to enter into SLP businesses and the benefits of using social media.

Guest: Emily Starling, MA, CCC-SLP - In this episode, Michelle and Erin are joined by Emily Starling, the host of the Neurotwist podcast, who shares her experience being an SLP who was later identified as autistic. Emily, Michelle, and Erin have an honest, authentic discussion of neurodiversity-affirming practices and what that means in the context of EI. Erin, Michelle, and Emily share their experiences navigating the world of clinical practice and how they have implemented neurodiversity-affirming practices, reiterating the importance of listening to autistic voices.

Guest: Stephanie Michelle Sweigart, MS CCC-SLP - In this episode, Michelle is joined by none other than the “Golden State SLP,” aka Stephanie Michelle Sweigart, MS CCC-SLP, to cover all things of Therapeutic Presence. If you've met Stephanie, then you know that a conversation with her feels like a warm hug. Why? Because she has spent years cultivating her emotional intelligence, regulation, and therapeutic presence to be fully engaged and present in those moments. Stephanie provides her new take on the three “C's”: “Center,” “Connection,” and “Communication." The outcome is improved therapeutic presence with those that we serve.

Guest: Jennifer Ruckner, MS CCC-SLP, & Beth Cooper, MOT, OTR/L - Michelle, Jennifer, and Beth encourage you to don your detective cap, procure your magnifying glass, and let the sensory detective training begin. Jennifer and Beth offer foundational guidance on why an SLP needs to understand the unique sensory needs of the little ones we are called to serve. They offer strategies on how to create a dynamic transdisciplinary team, then go in-depth on the roles and responsibilities of the occupational therapist.

Guest: Jenn Rubenstein, MS CCC-SLP - Have you ever stood in AWE watching an eye-gaze user navigate their communication device to express joy but were left scratching your head and wondering, “But how does it work?” In this episode, the ladies of “First Bite” are joined by Jenn Rubenstein, MS CCC-SLP, speech-language pathologist and Clinical Account Executive for Eyegaze, to unlock the mysteries behind the machine. Jenn starts with explanations of the anatomy and physiology, transitions into how the device works to “read” the eye, and then offers an explanation of some diagnoses that could prohibit access for a potential user. Jenn concludes the first of her two-part episode by guiding colleagues through a screening tool to determine if they could potentially benefit from an eye gaze communication device.

Guest: Lindsay Stevens, MA CCC-SLP - Join Michelle and guest Lindsay Stevens, MA CCC-SLP, who brings her years of experience as a clinician and caregiver to help grow your evidenced-based practice regarding infant dysphagia. Are you unsure of what potential positional strategies you can employ to see little ones have joyful and successful feeds? If you have observed behaviors, signs, and symptoms that made you think the infant may need a thickening agent to assist, then this episode is for you. Lindsay is here to guide your clinical decision-making process by providing you with dynamic facts and resources to treat the littlest ones on your caseload!

Guest: Taylor Anderson, MS, CCC-SLP - In this episode, Erin is joined by friend and colleague Taylor Anderson, MS, CCC-SLP, to discuss mentor and mentee relationships when it comes to pediatric feeding disorders. In this niche of the speech pathology world, young and seasoned clinicians are constantly looking for support and mentorship to grow their skills for treating this specific population. Erin and Taylor discuss how they build their relationship as mentor and mentee early on, but how that can become very fluid and shift to learn from each other. This episode will dive into what they both knew from working with different mentors, what they found most valuable in their growth with PFD, and how they continue to grow their leadership and mentor skills.