Podcasts about repatriation act

The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, or NAGPRA, requires museums, universities and other institutions that receive federal funding to return Native American ancestral remains and cultural items to their original tribes. Though the law passed nearly 35 years ago, many institutions have failed to fulfill its requirements.   Oregon State University recently opened a new facility designed to advance its NAGPRA obligations. The two buildings house a records room, a laboratory and a space to consult with tribal members as they move through the repatriation process. The new buildings are also better equipped than the old facility to store cultural items and remains of tribal ancestors awaiting return.   Dawn Marie Alapisco is the director of the NAGPRA Office within OSU’s Office of Institutional Diversity. She joins us to share more about the new facility and how institutions should be approaching their NAGPRA requirements. 

In this episode, Tahnee-Ahtone Harjo Growing Thunder shares her journey as an Indigenous museum curator, rooted deeply in her Indigenous identity and culture. Tahnee discusses the unique responsibility Indigenous curators carry in preserving and representing cultural artifacts and living histories. From navigating the complexities of colonial influence and pan-Indigenous identity to championing the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, Tahnee highlights the critical work of reclaiming narratives and fostering cultural continuity within museum spaces. With personal anecdotes, insights on the impact of her family legacy, and the challenges of her curatorial role, Tahnee offers a compelling perspective on Indigenous storytelling, kinship, and the ongoing effort to ensure Indigenous cultures are represented authentically and respectfully.

When it comes to protecting the nation's public lands, the work of the Department of the Interior (DOI) is crucial and all-encompassing. The Department oversees everything from environmental conservation efforts to energy regulation to strengthening relationships with Native American and other indigenous tribes. In the fourth season finale of In the Public Interest, co-host Felicia Ellsworth speaks with WilmerHale Partner Tommy Beaudreau, the current co-chair of the firm's Energy, Environment, and Natural Resources and Native American Law Practices. Beaudreau's career spans nearly a decade of experience in public service, serving in two presidential administrations in various positions within the DOI. Most recently, he was Deputy Secretary of the Interior in the Biden Administration under Secretary Deb Haaland, the first Native American Cabinet secretary in American history.Beaudreau shares how his experience growing up in Alaska and his connection with his home state drove his passion to serve in the public sector. He tells Ellsworth about the leadership of Secretary Haaland, and how she has made strides to build connections with tribal nations and help them heal from a traumatic history of colonization. The two also discuss various challenges he faced during his time in the Department, from the stabilization of the Colorado River to working with tribes and other stakeholders to enforce the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.

Courtland talks about her thesis work on the federal law called the National American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, the controversies surrounding it, and the new regulatory changes to the law that just went into effect in 2024. She also tells us how a high school teacher helped her find Reed. Reed community members can read Courtland's thesis, "Returning to Repatriation: An Examination of the Evolving Forces Behind the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act" online in the Electronic Theses Archive: https://rdc.reed.edu/i/2723e27e-31e9-424c-b906-a849ff042ed8 Explore more interviews with Reed College alumni on our website: reed.edu/burnyourdraft

The Denver Art Museum is under scrutiny after the Denver Post reported that members from the vast Indigenous community recently claimed the institution "does not seem they are willing to work with tribes,” in regards to returning stolen artifacts. This isn't the first time the museum has been in hot water for an alleged unwillingness to repatriate artifacts — back in April, Alaskan tribes came to the museum to claim lost relics, but left empty handed. Navajo tribal member and comedian Joshua Emerson is back to chat with host Bree Davies about the complexity behind this repatriation law and what it means when the Native community is treated as a monolith. Plus, Joshua gives some insider insight into “¡Casa Bonita Mi Amor!”, the new documentary about the making of the Pink Palace 2.0. Joshua mentioned the DAM's Native Arts Artist-In-Residence program and the creation of the Indigenous Community Advisory Council. History Colorado, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the National Parks Service all have additional information on the Native American Graves and Protection and Repatriation Act.  Bree mentioned the DAM's instagram post from over the weekend, as well as our conversation with Sam Tabachnik about his investigative reporting on the museum's connections to the illicit antiquities trade in 2022. For even more news from around the city, subscribe to our morning newsletter Hey Denver at denver.citycast.fm. Follow us on Instagram: @citycastdenver Chat with other listeners on reddit: r/CityCastDenver What do you think? Text or leave us a voicemail with your name and neighborhood, and you might hear it on the show: 720-500-5418‬ Learn more about the sponsors of this episode: Meow Wolf Monarch Casino Pine Melon Looking to advertise on City Cast Denver? Check out our options for podcast and newsletter ads at citycast.fm/advertise Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Join our host Lorenda and SGaan Kwahagang James McGuire, Collections & Engagement Coordinator at Saahlinda Naay - the Haida Gwaii Museum, for a conversation about the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. Museums must prioritize consent-based curation. Consider how your organization approaches repatriation and truth-telling.    Resources: Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (U.S. National Park Service) Interior Department Announces Final Rule for Implementation of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act - Province of British Columbia Research and Film Applications How Museums Can Respond to Residential School Denialism - BCMA BCMA Book Club The Repatriation Handbook If you'd like to get in touch with James, click here

In the first half-hour, Guest Host Anne Keala Kelly has a lively conversation with award-winning journalist, film producer and community organizer Kevin Abourezk about “Cultural Appropriation in the Era of AI,” which was inspired by Kevin's March 28, 2024 article in Indian Country Today: “Navajo word for beautiful at center or controversy.” Kevin is currently deputy managing editor of Indian Country Today and was a reporter and editor for the Lincoln Journal Star for 18 years. A member of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe, he has spent his career documenting the lives, accomplishments and tragedies of Native American people. Kevin holds a bachelor's degree in English from the University of South Dakota and a master's in journalism from the University of Nebraska at Lincoln. Read Kevin's article here: https://ictnews.org/news/navajo-word-for-beautiful-at-center-of-controversy. In the second half-hour, Keala speaks with Shannon O'Loughlin (Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma), Chief Executive and Attorney at the Association on American Indian Affairs about the new rules for the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. Shannon has been practicing law for more than 22 years and is a lecturer at Johns Hopkins University. She is a former Chief of Staff to the National Indian Gaming Commission, where she assisted in the development and implementation of national gaming policy, and oversaw the agency's public affairs, technology, compliance and finance divisions. Shannon has also served Native Country in the private sector as an attorney, leading a large national firm's Native Nations law practice group that worked to strengthen, maintain and protect sovereignty, self-determination and culture. Shannon was appointed by Secretary of the Department of the Interior, Sally Jewell to the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act Review Committee in 2013, and was appointed by President Barack Obama as the first Native American to the Cultural Property Advisory Committee within the State Department in 2015; she was fired by President Trump in 2019. Shannon received a B.A. in American Indian Studies from California State University, Long Beach and joint M.A. and J.D. degrees from the University of Arizona in Indigenous Peoples Law and Policy. Production Credits: Tiokasin Ghosthorse (Lakota), Host and Executive Producer Anne Keala Kelly (Kanaka Maoli), Guest Host Liz Hill (Red Lake Ojibwe), Producer Manuel Blas, Studio Engineer, Radio Kingston Anne Keala Kelly, Audio Editor Kevin Richardson, Podcast Editor Music Selections: 1. Song Title: Tahi Roots Mix (First Voices Radio Theme Song) Artist: Moana and the Moa Hunters Album: Tahi (1993) Label: Southside Records (Australia and New Zealand) 2. Song Title: Indian in the Child Artist: Sandra Sutter Album: Cluster Stars (2018) Label: Sandra Sutter 3. Song Title: Mountain Song Artist: Sandra Sutter Album: Cluster Stars (2018) Label: Sandra Sutter (Vince Fontaine and Chris Burke-Gaffney, Producers) AKANTU INTELLIGENCE Visit Akantu Intelligence, an institute that Tiokasin founded with a mission of contextualizing original wisdom for troubled times. Go to https://akantuintelligence.org to find out more and consider joining his Patreon page at https://www.patreon.com/Ghosthorse

The spring 2024 edition of Unearthed! concludes with books and letters, fashion and cosmetics, medicine, shipwrecks, and the assorted finds that are categorized as potpourri. Research: Abdallah, Hannah. “The first Neolithic boats in the Mediterranean.” EurekAlert. 3/20/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1037843 Adam Rohrlach, Cases of trisomy 21 and trisomy 18 among historic and prehistoric individuals discovered from ancient DNA, Nature Communications (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45438-1. www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-45438-1 Addley, Esther. “‘Flat-packed furniture for the next life': Roman funerary bed found in London.” The Guardian. 2/5/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/feb/05/flat-packed-furniture-for-the-next-life-roman-funerary-bed-found-in-london Alberge, Dalya. “‘Incredibly rare' discovery reveals bedbugs came to Britain with the Romans.” The Guardian. 2/3/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/feb/03/incredibly-rare-discovery-reveals-bedbugs-came-to-britain-with-the-romans Anderson, Sonja. “Another Mysterious Roman Dodecahedron Has Been Unearthed in England.” Smithsonian. 1/22/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/another-of-ancient-romes-mysterious-12-sided-objects-has-been-found-in-england-180983632/ Anderson, Sonja. “Bodies and Treasure Found in Polish Lake Could Be Connected to Ancient Water Ritual.” Smithsonian. 1/26/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-europeans-buried-bodies-and-treasure-in-this-polish-lake-180983666/ Anderson, Sonja. “Just How Old Are the Cave Paintings in Spain's Cova Dones?.” Smithsonian Magazine. January/February 2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-old-cave-paintings-spain-cova-dones-180983456/ Anderson, Sonja. “Police Find Ancient Teenager's Body, Preserved in Irish Bog for 2,500 Years.” 2/6/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-bog-in-northern-ireland-preserved-this-teenagers-body-for-2500-years-180983734/ Anderson, Sonja. “Sunken British Warship That Left Crew Marooned for 66 Days Has Been Identified.” Smithsonian Magazine. 3/27/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-the-marooned-crew-of-this-sunken-warship-escaped-the-florida-keys-in-improvised-boats-180984028/ Anderson, Sonja. “This Medieval Sword Spent 1,000 Years at the Bottom of a Polish River.” Smithsonian. 2/6/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/this-medieval-sword-spent-1000-years-at-the-bottom-of-a-polish-river-180983684/ “Megalithic ‘Blinkerwall' Found in the Baltic Sea.” 2/14/2024. https://www.archaeology.org/news/12157-240214-baltic-sea-blinkerwall “Unbaked Neolithic Bread Identified in Turkey.” 3/6/2024. https://www.archaeology.org/news/12195-240306-turkey-unbaked-bread org. “Ship's Bell Recovered From Torpedoed WWI Destroyer.” 2/15/2024. https://www.archaeology.org/news/12161-240215-jacob-jones-bell ArtNet News. “Archaeologists Discover a Medieval Kitchen in a Polish Museum's Basement.”2/8/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/royal-kitchen-poland-museum-basement-2429236 Babbs, Verity. “A Chinese Imperial Robe Found in a Cardboard Box Could Fetch $60,000 at Auction.” ArtNet. 2/29/2024. https://news.artnet.com/market/imperial-robe-dreweatts-2444018 Babbs, Verity. “A Liverpool Museum Wants Your Help to ID This Enigmatic Portrait.” ArtNet. 3/22/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/liverpool-museums-black-boy-information-request-2457075 Babbs, Verity. “An Artifact Found by a Metal Detectorist in Wales Is Officially Treasure.” 3/19/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/silver-thimble-treasure-2454023 Babbs, Verity. “Experts Have Identified the Tombs Where Alexander the Great's Family Are Buried.” Artnet. 2/21/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/alexander-the-great-father-tomb-2437376 Babbs, Verity. “Is the Secret Ingredient to Preserving Ancient Papyrus…Wasabi?.” ArtNet. 2/29/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/wasabi-ancient-egyptian-papyrus-2443171 Bangor University. “Researchers locate cargo ship SS Hartdale, torpedoed in 1915.” Phys.org. 3/13/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-03-cargo-ship-ss-hartdale-torpedoed.html#google_vignette Bartelme, Tony. “Searching for Amelia Earhart.” Post and Courier. https://www.postandcourier.com/news/special_reports/amelia-earhart-search-tony-romeo-deep-sea-vision/article_3a42e6a8-a0e5-11ee-a942-77a1581d6b19.html Binswanger, Julia. “Engravings on 2,000-Year-Old Knife Might Be the Oldest Runes Ever Found in Denmark.” 1/25/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-find-denmarks-oldest-written-word-on-a-2000-year-old-knife-180983650/ Binswanger, Julia. “Metal Detectorist Finds a Rare 3,000-Year-Old Dress Fastener.” Smithsonian. 3/13/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/metal-detectorist-finds-a-potentially-life-changing-3000-year-old-gold-accessory-180983770/ Cardiff University. “Evidence of ancient medieval feasting rituals uncovered in grounds of historic property.” Phys.org. 1/4/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-01-evidence-ancient-medieval-feasting-rituals.html Cawley, Laurence & Sam Russell. “Medieval paintings found at Christ's College, Cambridge by builders.” 1/9/2024. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-67926737 CBS News. “Theft of ruby slippers from "Wizard of Oz" was reformed mobster's "one last score," court memo says.” 1/21/2024. https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/reformed-mobster-one-last-score-judy-garlands-wizard-of-oz-ruby-slippers/. Clayton, Abene. “Second man charged with stealing Dorothy's Wizard of Oz ruby slippers.” The Guardian. 3/18/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/mar/18/wizard-of-oz-ruby-slippers-stolen-second-man-charged “Discovery of immense fortifications dating back 4,000 years in northwestern Arabia.” Phys.org. 1/10/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-01-discovery-immense-fortifications-dating-years.html#google_vignette “Solving the 120-year maritime mystery of the SS Nemesis.” PhysOrg. 2/26/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-02-year-maritime-mystery-ss-nemesis.html Deb, Sopan. “Old Newspaper Stories Offer Clues to 19th-Century Shipwreck in Lake Michigan.” New York Times. 3/28/2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/28/us/uss-milwaukee-shipwreck.html?smid=em-share Deter-Wolf A, Robitaille B, Riday D, Burlot A, Sialuk Jacobsen M. Chalcolithic Tattooing: Historical and Experimental Evaluation of the Tyrolean Iceman's Body Markings. European Journal of Archaeology. Published online 2024:1-22. doi:10.1017/eaa.2024.5 Dietrich, Oliver. “Burial mounds and a chariot grave. Archaeologists discover a Neolithic burial landscape on the Eulenberg near Magdeburg.” 3/15/2024. https://idw-online.de/en/news830373 Drury-Bradey, Paul. “Huge tsunami with 20 meter waves may have wiped out Stone Age communities in Northumberland.” Phys.org. 1/29/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-01-huge-tsunami-meter-stone-age.html#google_vignette El-Aref, Nevine. “Spanish archaeologists unearth Ptolemaic and Roman treasures in Minya's Al Bahnasa.” Ahram Online. 1/8/2024. https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/515253.aspx Eskandari, N., De Carlo, E., Zorzi, F. et al. A Bronze Age lip-paint from southeastern Iran. Sci Rep 14, 2670 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52490-w Georgiou, Aristos. “Prehistoric Burials Reveal Early Evidence of Body Piercing 11,000 Years Ago.” Newsweek. 3/11/2024. https://www.newsweek.com/prehistoric-burials-reveal-early-evidence-body-piercing-11000-years-ago-1877984 Green, Clare. “First prehistoric person with Turner syndrome identified from ancient DNA.” Via EurekAlert. 1/11/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1030707 Hemsworth, Wade. “Researchers create method to detect cases of anemia in archaeological remains.” Via EurekAlert. 2/28/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1035984 Huntington, Stewart. “New NAGPRA rules: ‘We have an obligation to change'.” Indian Country Today. 3/20/2024. https://ictnews.org/news/new-nagpra-rules-we-have-an-obligation-to-change “ICT Reports: NAGPRA crackdown sends museums reeling.” Indian Country Today. 3/22/2024. https://ictnews.org/news/ict-reports-nagpra-crackdown-sends-museums-reeling Killgrove, Kristina. “1st known tuberculosis cases in Neanderthals revealed in prehistoric bone analysis.” LiveScience. 2/2/2024. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/1st-known-tuberculosis-cases-in-neanderthals-revealed-in-prehistoric-bone-anaylsis Kuta, Sarah. “Everyone Thought This 4,000-Year-Old Tomb Had Been Destroyed. Then, an Archaeologist Found It.” Smithsonian. 1/30/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/lost-tomb-rediscovered-ireland-180983662/ Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “A Stolen Van Gogh Painting Worth $6.5 Million Will Go Back on Display.” Artnet. 2/8/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/stolen-van-gogh-on-display-2430094 Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “British Museum Will Publicly Display Some of Its Stolen Gems.” 2/2/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/british-museum-gems-on-display-2427128 Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Students Make Major Breakthrough in Use of A.I. to Decipher Ancient Scrolls.” Artnet. 2/7/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/students-make-major-breakthrough-in-use-of-a-i-to-decipher-ancient-scrolls-2429506 Leonardo P. Troiano et al, A remarkable assemblage of petroglyphs and dinosaur footprints in Northeast Brazil, Scientific Reports (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56479-3 Lewsey, Fred. “Study reveals ‘cozy domesticity' of prehistoric stilt-house dwellers in England's ancient marshland.” University of Cambridge via EurekAlert. 3/19/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1037495 Marx, Danae. “Unraveling the mysteries of the Mongolian Arc: exploring a monumental 405-kilometer wall system in Eastern Mongolia.” EurekAlert. 1/3/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1030161 Matthew Steggle, John Shakespeare's "Spiritual Testament" Is Not John Shakespeare's, Shakespeare Quarterly (2024). DOI: 10.1093/sq/quae003 net. “Medieval love badge discovered in Poland.” https://www.medievalists.net/2024/02/medieval-love-badge-discovered-in-poland/ Metcalfe, Tom. “3,300-year-old tablet from mysterious Hittite Empire describes catastrophic invasion of four cities.” LiveScience. 3/11/2024. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/3300-year-old-tablet-from-mysterious-hittite-empire-describes-catastrophic-invasion-of-four-cities Metcalfe, Tom. “Undeciphered script from Easter Island may predate European colonization.” LiveScience. 2/9/2024. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/undeciphered-script-from-easter-island-may-predate-european-colonization Moran, Tony. “First DNA study of ancient Eastern Arabians reveals malaria adaptation – study.” EurekAlert. 2/27/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1035287 Morris, Steven. “Tintern Abbey excavation suggests poor people were later buried alongside lords.” Steven Morris. The Guardian. 1/3/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/jan/04/tintern-abbey-excavation-suggests-poor-people-were-later-buried-alongside-lords O'Laughlin Frank. “‘Rising tide lifts all boats': Century-old shipwreck unearthed on Massachusetts beach.” Boston 25 News. 3/12/2024. https://www.boston25news.com/news/local/rising-tide-lifts-all-boats-century-old-shipwreck-unearthed-massachusetts-beach/DLLJF5C3DZGKJOEUU7KTRUWUZI/ org. “Archaeologists probe mysterious Canadian shipwreck.” 2/6/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-02-archaeologists-probe-mysterious-canadian-shipwreck.html org. “Vessel off Florida Keys identified as British warship that sank in the 18th century.” 3/10/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-03-vessel-florida-keys-british-warship.html#google_vignette Qiblawi, Adnan. “Italians Worry the Deciphering of the Herculaneum Scrolls Could Lead to More Digs.” 2/20/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/italians-fear-more-herculaneum-digs-vesuvius-2437451 Quiblawi, Adnan. “Spanish Archaeologists Make the Sweet Discovery of a 19th-Century Chocolate Factory.” ArtNet. 2/15/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/barcelona-19th-century-chocolate-factory-2435176 Rascius, Brendan. “Spicy wine: New study reveals ancient Romans may have had peculiar tastes.” Phys.org. 1/24/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-01-spicy-wine-reveals-ancient-romans.html Schrader, Adam. “Ancient Lipstick Dating Back More Than Three Millennia Is Found in Iran.” ArtNet. 2/14/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/ancient-lipstick-found-in-iran-2434396 Schrader, Adam. “The Van Gogh Museum Fires Four Staff Members Over Pokémon Chaos.” ArtNet. 1/24/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/van-gogh-museum-fires-workers-pokemon-2422901 Shoichet, Catherine E. “A new trove of records could help many reconnect with their Irish roots. They come from a surprising source.” CNN. 3/8/2024. https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/08/world/irish-ancestry-guinness-brewery-archives-cec/index.html Smithsonian Magazine. “Metal Detectorist Finds Rare 1,500-Year-Old Gold Ring in Denmark.” 2/26/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/metal-detectorist-discovers-a-rare-1500-year-old-gold-ring-in-denmark-180983830/ ‘ South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology. “Ötzi's tattooing technique through self-experimentation.” https://www.iceman.it/en/tattootechniqueotzi/ Sullivan, Will. “Ancient DNA From Eurasian Herders Sheds Light on the Origins of Multiple Sclerosis.” Smithsonian Magazine. 1/12/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-dna-from-eurasian-herders-sheds-light-on-the-origins-of-multiple-sclerosis-180983579/ The Francis Crick Institute. “First prehistoric person with Turner syndrome identified from ancient DNA.” 1/11/2024 https://phys.org/news/2024-01-prehistoric-person-turner-syndrome-ancient.html The History Blog. “Full gamut of Neolithic occupation, funerary practices found at site in France.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69681 The History Blog. “Medieval love token found under Gdańsk port crane.” 2/17/2024. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69492 The History Blog. “Rare medieval belt loop found in Poland.” 3/20/2024. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69734 The History Blog. “Rare Merovingian gold ring found in Jutland.” 2/20/2024. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69517 The History Blog. “Roman silver toilet spoon found in Wales.” 1/30/2024. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69380 The History Blog. “Section of Roman 3rd century wall found in Aachen.” 3/24/2024. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69767 The History Blog. “Warring States cemetery with chariot burial found in central China.” https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69748 The National Archives. “Pristine sweater in parcel posted in 1807.” 2/29/2024. https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/about/news/pristine-sweater-found-in-parcel-posted-in-1807/ Thijs Porck, Newly Discovered Pieces of an Old English Glossed Psalter: The Alkmaar Fragments of the N-Psalter, Anglo-Saxon England (2024). DOI: 10.1017/S0263675123000121 Thorsberg, Christian. “DNA From 2,000-Year-Old Skeletons Hints at the Origins of Syphilis.” Smithsonian Magazine. 1/29/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/dna-from-2000-year-old-skeletons-hints-at-the-origins-of-syphilis-180983657/ Tondo, Lorenzo. “Archaeologists find Pompeii fresco depicting Greek mythological siblings.” The Guardian. 3/1/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/mar/01/pompeii-fresco-phrixus-and-helle-greek-mythological-siblings S. Department of the Interior. “Interior Department Announces Final Rule for Implementation of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.” 12/6/2023. https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/interior-department-announces-final-rule-implementation-native-american-graves “Anglo-Saxon cemetery discovered in Lincolnshire to appear on BBC.” https://www.viking-link.com/news/anglo-saxon-cemetery-discovered-in-lincolnshire-to-appear-on-bbc-s-digging-for-britain/ Weber, Bob. “Divers involved in Franklin expedition say the 2023 season 'highly productive'.” CBC. 1/29/2024. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/franklin-expedition-update-2024-1.7097874 Whiddington, Richard. “Archaeologists in Brazil Discover 16 New Rock Art Sites.” ArtNet. 3/14/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/16-new-rock-art-sites-brazil-2452134 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Time for all the things literally or figuratively unearthed in the first quarter of 2024. Part one includes updates, burial sites, walls, edibles and potables, and art and architecture.  Research: Abdallah, Hannah. “The first Neolithic boats in the Mediterranean.” EurekAlert. 3/20/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1037843 Adam Rohrlach, Cases of trisomy 21 and trisomy 18 among historic and prehistoric individuals discovered from ancient DNA, Nature Communications (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45438-1. www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-45438-1 Addley, Esther. “‘Flat-packed furniture for the next life': Roman funerary bed found in London.” The Guardian. 2/5/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/feb/05/flat-packed-furniture-for-the-next-life-roman-funerary-bed-found-in-london Alberge, Dalya. “‘Incredibly rare' discovery reveals bedbugs came to Britain with the Romans.” The Guardian. 2/3/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/feb/03/incredibly-rare-discovery-reveals-bedbugs-came-to-britain-with-the-romans Anderson, Sonja. “Another Mysterious Roman Dodecahedron Has Been Unearthed in England.” Smithsonian. 1/22/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/another-of-ancient-romes-mysterious-12-sided-objects-has-been-found-in-england-180983632/ Anderson, Sonja. “Bodies and Treasure Found in Polish Lake Could Be Connected to Ancient Water Ritual.” Smithsonian. 1/26/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-europeans-buried-bodies-and-treasure-in-this-polish-lake-180983666/ Anderson, Sonja. “Just How Old Are the Cave Paintings in Spain's Cova Dones?.” Smithsonian Magazine. January/February 2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-old-cave-paintings-spain-cova-dones-180983456/ Anderson, Sonja. “Police Find Ancient Teenager's Body, Preserved in Irish Bog for 2,500 Years.” 2/6/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-bog-in-northern-ireland-preserved-this-teenagers-body-for-2500-years-180983734/ Anderson, Sonja. “Sunken British Warship That Left Crew Marooned for 66 Days Has Been Identified.” Smithsonian Magazine. 3/27/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-the-marooned-crew-of-this-sunken-warship-escaped-the-florida-keys-in-improvised-boats-180984028/ Anderson, Sonja. “This Medieval Sword Spent 1,000 Years at the Bottom of a Polish River.” Smithsonian. 2/6/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/this-medieval-sword-spent-1000-years-at-the-bottom-of-a-polish-river-180983684/ “Megalithic ‘Blinkerwall' Found in the Baltic Sea.” 2/14/2024. https://www.archaeology.org/news/12157-240214-baltic-sea-blinkerwall “Unbaked Neolithic Bread Identified in Turkey.” 3/6/2024. https://www.archaeology.org/news/12195-240306-turkey-unbaked-bread org. “Ship's Bell Recovered From Torpedoed WWI Destroyer.” 2/15/2024. https://www.archaeology.org/news/12161-240215-jacob-jones-bell ArtNet News. “Archaeologists Discover a Medieval Kitchen in a Polish Museum's Basement.”2/8/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/royal-kitchen-poland-museum-basement-2429236 Babbs, Verity. “A Chinese Imperial Robe Found in a Cardboard Box Could Fetch $60,000 at Auction.” ArtNet. 2/29/2024. https://news.artnet.com/market/imperial-robe-dreweatts-2444018 Babbs, Verity. “A Liverpool Museum Wants Your Help to ID This Enigmatic Portrait.” ArtNet. 3/22/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/liverpool-museums-black-boy-information-request-2457075 Babbs, Verity. “An Artifact Found by a Metal Detectorist in Wales Is Officially Treasure.” 3/19/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/silver-thimble-treasure-2454023 Babbs, Verity. “Experts Have Identified the Tombs Where Alexander the Great's Family Are Buried.” Artnet. 2/21/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/alexander-the-great-father-tomb-2437376 Babbs, Verity. “Is the Secret Ingredient to Preserving Ancient Papyrus…Wasabi?.” ArtNet. 2/29/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/wasabi-ancient-egyptian-papyrus-2443171 Bangor University. “Researchers locate cargo ship SS Hartdale, torpedoed in 1915.” Phys.org. 3/13/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-03-cargo-ship-ss-hartdale-torpedoed.html#google_vignette Bartelme, Tony. “Searching for Amelia Earhart.” Post and Courier. https://www.postandcourier.com/news/special_reports/amelia-earhart-search-tony-romeo-deep-sea-vision/article_3a42e6a8-a0e5-11ee-a942-77a1581d6b19.html Binswanger, Julia. “Engravings on 2,000-Year-Old Knife Might Be the Oldest Runes Ever Found in Denmark.” 1/25/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-find-denmarks-oldest-written-word-on-a-2000-year-old-knife-180983650/ Binswanger, Julia. “Metal Detectorist Finds a Rare 3,000-Year-Old Dress Fastener.” Smithsonian. 3/13/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/metal-detectorist-finds-a-potentially-life-changing-3000-year-old-gold-accessory-180983770/ Cardiff University. “Evidence of ancient medieval feasting rituals uncovered in grounds of historic property.” Phys.org. 1/4/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-01-evidence-ancient-medieval-feasting-rituals.html Cawley, Laurence & Sam Russell. “Medieval paintings found at Christ's College, Cambridge by builders.” 1/9/2024. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-67926737 CBS News. “Theft of ruby slippers from "Wizard of Oz" was reformed mobster's "one last score," court memo says.” 1/21/2024. https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/reformed-mobster-one-last-score-judy-garlands-wizard-of-oz-ruby-slippers/. Clayton, Abene. “Second man charged with stealing Dorothy's Wizard of Oz ruby slippers.” The Guardian. 3/18/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/mar/18/wizard-of-oz-ruby-slippers-stolen-second-man-charged “Discovery of immense fortifications dating back 4,000 years in northwestern Arabia.” Phys.org. 1/10/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-01-discovery-immense-fortifications-dating-years.html#google_vignette “Solving the 120-year maritime mystery of the SS Nemesis.” PhysOrg. 2/26/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-02-year-maritime-mystery-ss-nemesis.html Deb, Sopan. “Old Newspaper Stories Offer Clues to 19th-Century Shipwreck in Lake Michigan.” New York Times. 3/28/2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/28/us/uss-milwaukee-shipwreck.html?smid=em-share Deter-Wolf A, Robitaille B, Riday D, Burlot A, Sialuk Jacobsen M. Chalcolithic Tattooing: Historical and Experimental Evaluation of the Tyrolean Iceman's Body Markings. European Journal of Archaeology. Published online 2024:1-22. doi:10.1017/eaa.2024.5 Dietrich, Oliver. “Burial mounds and a chariot grave. Archaeologists discover a Neolithic burial landscape on the Eulenberg near Magdeburg.” 3/15/2024. https://idw-online.de/en/news830373 Drury-Bradey, Paul. “Huge tsunami with 20 meter waves may have wiped out Stone Age communities in Northumberland.” Phys.org. 1/29/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-01-huge-tsunami-meter-stone-age.html#google_vignette El-Aref, Nevine. “Spanish archaeologists unearth Ptolemaic and Roman treasures in Minya's Al Bahnasa.” Ahram Online. 1/8/2024. https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/515253.aspx Eskandari, N., De Carlo, E., Zorzi, F. et al. A Bronze Age lip-paint from southeastern Iran. Sci Rep 14, 2670 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52490-w Georgiou, Aristos. “Prehistoric Burials Reveal Early Evidence of Body Piercing 11,000 Years Ago.” Newsweek. 3/11/2024. https://www.newsweek.com/prehistoric-burials-reveal-early-evidence-body-piercing-11000-years-ago-1877984 Green, Clare. “First prehistoric person with Turner syndrome identified from ancient DNA.” Via EurekAlert. 1/11/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1030707 Hemsworth, Wade. “Researchers create method to detect cases of anemia in archaeological remains.” Via EurekAlert. 2/28/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1035984 Huntington, Stewart. “New NAGPRA rules: ‘We have an obligation to change'.” Indian Country Today. 3/20/2024. https://ictnews.org/news/new-nagpra-rules-we-have-an-obligation-to-change “ICT Reports: NAGPRA crackdown sends museums reeling.” Indian Country Today. 3/22/2024. https://ictnews.org/news/ict-reports-nagpra-crackdown-sends-museums-reeling Killgrove, Kristina. “1st known tuberculosis cases in Neanderthals revealed in prehistoric bone analysis.” LiveScience. 2/2/2024. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/1st-known-tuberculosis-cases-in-neanderthals-revealed-in-prehistoric-bone-anaylsis Kuta, Sarah. “Everyone Thought This 4,000-Year-Old Tomb Had Been Destroyed. Then, an Archaeologist Found It.” Smithsonian. 1/30/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/lost-tomb-rediscovered-ireland-180983662/ Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “A Stolen Van Gogh Painting Worth $6.5 Million Will Go Back on Display.” Artnet. 2/8/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/stolen-van-gogh-on-display-2430094 Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “British Museum Will Publicly Display Some of Its Stolen Gems.” 2/2/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/british-museum-gems-on-display-2427128 Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Students Make Major Breakthrough in Use of A.I. to Decipher Ancient Scrolls.” Artnet. 2/7/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/students-make-major-breakthrough-in-use-of-a-i-to-decipher-ancient-scrolls-2429506 Leonardo P. Troiano et al, A remarkable assemblage of petroglyphs and dinosaur footprints in Northeast Brazil, Scientific Reports (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56479-3 Lewsey, Fred. “Study reveals ‘cozy domesticity' of prehistoric stilt-house dwellers in England's ancient marshland.” University of Cambridge via EurekAlert. 3/19/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1037495 Marx, Danae. “Unraveling the mysteries of the Mongolian Arc: exploring a monumental 405-kilometer wall system in Eastern Mongolia.” EurekAlert. 1/3/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1030161 Matthew Steggle, John Shakespeare's "Spiritual Testament" Is Not John Shakespeare's, Shakespeare Quarterly (2024). DOI: 10.1093/sq/quae003 net. “Medieval love badge discovered in Poland.” https://www.medievalists.net/2024/02/medieval-love-badge-discovered-in-poland/ Metcalfe, Tom. “3,300-year-old tablet from mysterious Hittite Empire describes catastrophic invasion of four cities.” LiveScience. 3/11/2024. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/3300-year-old-tablet-from-mysterious-hittite-empire-describes-catastrophic-invasion-of-four-cities Metcalfe, Tom. “Undeciphered script from Easter Island may predate European colonization.” LiveScience. 2/9/2024. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/undeciphered-script-from-easter-island-may-predate-european-colonization Moran, Tony. “First DNA study of ancient Eastern Arabians reveals malaria adaptation – study.” EurekAlert. 2/27/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1035287 Morris, Steven. “Tintern Abbey excavation suggests poor people were later buried alongside lords.” Steven Morris. The Guardian. 1/3/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/jan/04/tintern-abbey-excavation-suggests-poor-people-were-later-buried-alongside-lords O'Laughlin Frank. “‘Rising tide lifts all boats': Century-old shipwreck unearthed on Massachusetts beach.” Boston 25 News. 3/12/2024. https://www.boston25news.com/news/local/rising-tide-lifts-all-boats-century-old-shipwreck-unearthed-massachusetts-beach/DLLJF5C3DZGKJOEUU7KTRUWUZI/ org. “Archaeologists probe mysterious Canadian shipwreck.” 2/6/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-02-archaeologists-probe-mysterious-canadian-shipwreck.html org. “Vessel off Florida Keys identified as British warship that sank in the 18th century.” 3/10/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-03-vessel-florida-keys-british-warship.html#google_vignette Qiblawi, Adnan. “Italians Worry the Deciphering of the Herculaneum Scrolls Could Lead to More Digs.” 2/20/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/italians-fear-more-herculaneum-digs-vesuvius-2437451 Quiblawi, Adnan. “Spanish Archaeologists Make the Sweet Discovery of a 19th-Century Chocolate Factory.” ArtNet. 2/15/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/barcelona-19th-century-chocolate-factory-2435176 Rascius, Brendan. “Spicy wine: New study reveals ancient Romans may have had peculiar tastes.” Phys.org. 1/24/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-01-spicy-wine-reveals-ancient-romans.html Schrader, Adam. “Ancient Lipstick Dating Back More Than Three Millennia Is Found in Iran.” ArtNet. 2/14/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/ancient-lipstick-found-in-iran-2434396 Schrader, Adam. “The Van Gogh Museum Fires Four Staff Members Over Pokémon Chaos.” ArtNet. 1/24/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/van-gogh-museum-fires-workers-pokemon-2422901 Shoichet, Catherine E. “A new trove of records could help many reconnect with their Irish roots. They come from a surprising source.” CNN. 3/8/2024. https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/08/world/irish-ancestry-guinness-brewery-archives-cec/index.html Smithsonian Magazine. “Metal Detectorist Finds Rare 1,500-Year-Old Gold Ring in Denmark.” 2/26/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/metal-detectorist-discovers-a-rare-1500-year-old-gold-ring-in-denmark-180983830/ ‘ South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology. “Ötzi's tattooing technique through self-experimentation.” https://www.iceman.it/en/tattootechniqueotzi/ Sullivan, Will. “Ancient DNA From Eurasian Herders Sheds Light on the Origins of Multiple Sclerosis.” Smithsonian Magazine. 1/12/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-dna-from-eurasian-herders-sheds-light-on-the-origins-of-multiple-sclerosis-180983579/ The Francis Crick Institute. “First prehistoric person with Turner syndrome identified from ancient DNA.” 1/11/2024 https://phys.org/news/2024-01-prehistoric-person-turner-syndrome-ancient.html The History Blog. “Full gamut of Neolithic occupation, funerary practices found at site in France.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69681 The History Blog. “Medieval love token found under Gdańsk port crane.” 2/17/2024. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69492 The History Blog. “Rare medieval belt loop found in Poland.” 3/20/2024. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69734 The History Blog. “Rare Merovingian gold ring found in Jutland.” 2/20/2024. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69517 The History Blog. “Roman silver toilet spoon found in Wales.” 1/30/2024. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69380 The History Blog. “Section of Roman 3rd century wall found in Aachen.” 3/24/2024. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69767 The History Blog. “Warring States cemetery with chariot burial found in central China.” https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69748 The National Archives. “Pristine sweater in parcel posted in 1807.” 2/29/2024. https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/about/news/pristine-sweater-found-in-parcel-posted-in-1807/ Thijs Porck, Newly Discovered Pieces of an Old English Glossed Psalter: The Alkmaar Fragments of the N-Psalter, Anglo-Saxon England (2024). DOI: 10.1017/S0263675123000121 Thorsberg, Christian. “DNA From 2,000-Year-Old Skeletons Hints at the Origins of Syphilis.” Smithsonian Magazine. 1/29/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/dna-from-2000-year-old-skeletons-hints-at-the-origins-of-syphilis-180983657/ Tondo, Lorenzo. “Archaeologists find Pompeii fresco depicting Greek mythological siblings.” The Guardian. 3/1/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/mar/01/pompeii-fresco-phrixus-and-helle-greek-mythological-siblings S. Department of the Interior. “Interior Department Announces Final Rule for Implementation of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.” 12/6/2023. https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/interior-department-announces-final-rule-implementation-native-american-graves “Anglo-Saxon cemetery discovered in Lincolnshire to appear on BBC.” https://www.viking-link.com/news/anglo-saxon-cemetery-discovered-in-lincolnshire-to-appear-on-bbc-s-digging-for-britain/ Weber, Bob. “Divers involved in Franklin expedition say the 2023 season 'highly productive'.” CBC. 1/29/2024. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/franklin-expedition-update-2024-1.7097874 Whiddington, Richard. “Archaeologists in Brazil Discover 16 New Rock Art Sites.” ArtNet. 3/14/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/16-new-rock-art-sites-brazil-2452134 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Katie and Steve speak with colleague Eden Burgess about the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), its history, purpose, and requirements to repatriate cultural property and human remains to Native American tribes and Native Hawaiian Organizations, as well as new regulations that are leading major museums to remove or close exhibitions of Native American and Hawaiian objects while taking action to implement NAGPRA in consultation with tribes that have ownership claims.   Notes for this episode: https://artlawpodcast.com/2024/04/02/the-native-american-graves-protection-and-repatriation-act-gets-some-teeth/   Follow the Art Law Podcast Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/artlawpodcast/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@artlawpodcast

In this episode of The Sentinel, we examine a critical piece of legislation aimed at remedying past injustices by addressing the treatment and repatriation of cultural items, objects of cultural patrimony, sacred objects, and human remains. Since its enactment in 1990, the Native American Graves Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) has presented considerable hurdles for Tribal Nations, museums, and cultural entities alike.  Throughout this episode, we will look back at the National Congress of American Indians' historical advocacy efforts leading up to the enactment of this legislation. Then, we will discuss the inherent complexities of NAGPRA and analyze the recent regulatory changes announced by the U.S. Department of the Interior, examining their implications for museum practices, collections, and exhibitions nationwide.

On today's show, a change to the Federal Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act is taking effect and putting pressure on museums and institutions. Plus, backers of a new development in Springdale say it is a way to address an affordable housing challenge. And, Kasey Ramirez' “Storm Series” of images places structures in climate peril.

Over three decades ago, the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act was created… This act requires institutions that receive federal funding… such as museums and universities… to return human remains, sacred objects, and other items of cultural significance to federally recognized tribes… However… even now, in 2024… the struggle continues when it comes to the return of ancestral remains and revered belongings. This slowness in repatriation can be found across the country… and here in the Bay Area as well… So… why is it taking so long to comply with these rules?  For a broader look at all this, we're going to start the conversation off with Logan Jaffe, newsletter reporter at Pro Publica… she worked on the news organization's Repatriation Project And then we turn to Kerri Malloy… assistant professor of Native American and Indigenous Studies at San Jose State University… He is an enrolled member of the Yurok tribe and is of Karuk descent…

We'll discuss the history of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act and the new regulations.

The Native American Grave Protection and Repatriation Act was created over 30 years ago to establish a framework for museums and other institutions to return certain objects to tribes, like human remains and funerary objects. But critics say museums have taken too long to return many of those items. Under new regulations that went into effect this month, institutions must prepare to repatriate all human remains and funerary artifacts within 5 years.

The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, or NAGPRA, was recently amended, and the new rules became effective this year. Photo: NAGPRA Logo

“For centuries, Native people have had everything stolen from them”: Sen. Brian Schatz (D-Hawaii) is calling out museums, universities and other institutions for failing to comply with the Native American Graves Protection Act and Repatriation Act, a federal law known as NAGPRA. Listen to his remarks from the U.S Senate floor on February 1, 2024.

We're joined by the show runner of the Peacock series Dr. Death, Ashley Michel Hoban, to discuss why we are drawn to doctors who first do some harm. Lots of it in fact.  Plus, Nikki Haley just has no idea about any details of Donald Trump's Trials. And the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act is making progress, yet it feels like ghoulish wound-opening. Produced by Joel Patterson and Corey Wara Email us at thegist@mikepesca.com To advertise on the show, visit: https://advertisecast.com/TheGist Subscribe to The Gist Subscribe: https://subscribe.mikepesca.com/ Follow Mikes Substack at: Pesca Profundities | Mike Pesca | Substack Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

On today's episode, Jessica chats with Jayne-Leigh Thomas (NAGPRA Director at Indiana University) and Chance Ward (NAGPRA Coordinator for History Colorado [although speaking here on his experiences as a private citizen]; Lakota- Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe) about the first Intensive NAGPRA Summer Training and Education Program (INSTEP) held last summer in Indiana. We talk about where the idea for this NAGPRA training came from, how it was developed, and what it was like to be part of it. We also talked about how they might change the program for future years, as well as what the two of them would like everyone to know about NAGPRA and its implementation. There's some really important NAGPRA advice and specific recommendations throughout this episode, including a segment where we discuss how to best approach TSA when working on NAGPRA repatriations.TranscriptsFor rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/heritagevoices/79Links Heritage Voices on the APN National NAGPRA- https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1335/index.htm NAGPRA community of practice- https://www.nagpracommunityofpractice.com/ NAGPRA community of practice facebook page- https://www.facebook.com/groups/NAGPRACommunityofPractice/ Intensive NAGPRA Summer Training and Education Program (INSTEP)- https://nagpra.indiana.edu/INSTEP-program.html Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana University Bloomington Office of the Native American Graves Protection & Repatriation Act - https://nagpra.indiana.edu/index.html National Preservation Institute Trainings - https://www.npi.org/trainings#NativeAmericanCulturalInterestsContact Jessica Jessica@livingheritageanthropology.org @livingheritageA @LivingHeritageResearchCouncilAffiliates Motion: https://www.archpodnet.com/motion Motley FoolSave $110 off the full list price of Stock Advisor for your first year, go to https://zen.ai/apnfool and start your investing journey today!*$110 discount off of $199 per year list price. Membership will renew annually at the then current list price. Laird SuperfoodAre you ready to feel more energized, focused, and supported? Go to https://zen.ai/thearchaeologypodnetworkfeed1 and add nourishing, plant-based foods to fuel you from sunrise to sunset. Liquid I.V.Ready to shop better hydration, use my special link https://zen.ai/thearchaeologypodnetworkfeed to save 20% off anything you order.

On today's episode, Jessica chats with Jayne-Leigh Thomas (NAGPRA Director at Indiana University) and Chance Ward (NAGPRA Coordinator for History Colorado [although speaking here on his experiences as a private citizen]; Lakota- Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe) about the first Intensive NAGPRA Summer Training and Education Program (INSTEP) held last summer in Indiana. We talk about where the idea for this NAGPRA training came from, how it was developed, and what it was like to be part of it. We also talked about how they might change the program for future years, as well as what the two of them would like everyone to know about NAGPRA and its implementation. There's some really important NAGPRA advice and specific recommendations throughout this episode, including a segment where we discuss how to best approach TSA when working on NAGPRA repatriations.TranscriptsFor rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/heritagevoices/79Links Heritage Voices on the APN National NAGPRA- https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1335/index.htm NAGPRA community of practice- https://www.nagpracommunityofpractice.com/ NAGPRA community of practice facebook page- https://www.facebook.com/groups/NAGPRACommunityofPractice/ Intensive NAGPRA Summer Training and Education Program (INSTEP)- https://nagpra.indiana.edu/INSTEP-program.html Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana University Bloomington Office of the Native American Graves Protection & Repatriation Act - https://nagpra.indiana.edu/index.html National Preservation Institute Trainings - https://www.npi.org/trainings#NativeAmericanCulturalInterestsContact JessicaJessica@livingheritageanthropology.org@livingheritageA@LivingHeritageResearchCouncilAffiliates Motion Motley FoolSave $110 off the full list price of Stock Advisor for your first year, go to https://zen.ai/heritagefool and start your investing journey today!*$110 discount off of $199 per year list price. Membership will renew annually at the then current list price. Laird SuperfoodAre you ready to feel more energized, focused, and supported? Go to https://zen.ai/heritagevoices1 and add nourishing, plant-based foods to fuel you from sunrise to sunset. Liquid I.V.Ready to shop better hydration, use my special link https://zen.ai/heritagevoices to save 20% off anything you order.

The final part in this 3-episode series continues our focus on the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), where we focus on CalNAGPRA, California's effort to strengthen NAGPRA, as well as other steps taken to improve and refine this difficult process. But we will also hear about resistance to following through on the promises of NAGPRA as well, and hear a few longer personal narratives than in previous episodes, including all-too-rare success stories of repatriation.As always, thank you to the guests who gave their time and shared their stories:Dr. Brittani OronaSabine TalaugonDesireé MartinezDr. Vanessa EsquividoGregg CastroCindi AlvitreAlexii SigonaFor further reading and more information:The Social Life of Basket Caps: Repatriation Under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, in Hopes of Cultural Revitalization, Vanessa EsquividoHow to Report on the Repatriation of Native American Remains at Museums and Universities Near You, Pro Publica, February 2023.Righting Historic WrongsCeremony memorializes reburial of indigenous people's remains at Cal State Long Beach, Press Telegram, September 2016.Reburying the Past, September 2016.After 70 Years, UC Berkeley Museum Returns Massacre Remains to Wiyot Tribe, February, 2022.U.S. Army Corps, UC Berkeley Repatriate Human Remains to Wiyot Tribe, North Coast Journal of Politics, People & Art, January 2022.UC Berkeley Anthropology Museum Returns 1860 Massacre Remains To Wiyot TribeChallenging Colonialism is produced by Daniel Stonebloom & Martin Rizzo-Martinez. All interviews by Martin, all audio engineering and editing by Daniel. All music by G. Gonzales. The title of this episode comes from Dr. Anthony Burris.This podcast is produced with support from California State Parks Foundation

In this Episode: The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, or “NAGPRA” Provides for the ownership or control of Native American cultural items (human remains and objects) excavated or discovered on Federal or tribal lands back to Federally recognized tribes. Among several aspects of the act, it directs Federal agencies and museums with possession or control over holdings or collections of Native American human remains and funerary objects to inventory them, identify their geographic and cultural affiliation, and notify the affected Indian tribes or Native Hawaiian organization to begin the established process of returning them to tribes. Some institutions and states have been slow, even resistant to comply with this law. We look deeper into the responsibilities of institutions to comply with this law. Also… A landmark law case before the Supreme Court Of The United States (SCOTUS) handed down a major decision in favor of Native American tribes and parents by keeping in place a 40 year federal law known as the Indian Child Welfare Act. (or ICWA) We deconstruct this lawsuit and look into the reasons behind this very important case for Indian Country. And finally… American healthcare has become corporatized, and there have been some very serious consequences as a result of what has become risky business for patients and even medical providers across the country. We provide some examples of these changes and ask very important questions. Contact The show! E-mail: hosts@nativeopinion.comCall Us: 860-800-5595

How are museums where we live faring in returning sacred Indigenous objects and human remains, more than thirty years after a federal law mandated "repatriation"? The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, or NAGPRA, was passed by Congress in 1990. It called for federal agencies and federally-funded museums to repatriate Native American cultural items, including sacred objects and in many cases human remains. A recent in-depth report from ProPublica found that museums and institutions across the country had failed to "expeditiously" meet that federal law where it concerns human remains. For example, the nearby Harvard Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology has made just 39% of the more than 10,000 Native American remains it reported to the federal government “available for return.” ProPublica reporters Mary Hudetz and Logan Jaffe join us. Kate Seltzer with Connecticut Public's investigative team, The Accountability Project, shares what she found when she checked in with museums where we live. Plus, Connecticut Humanities executive director Jason Mancini addresses a "trust deficit" among tribes. "Working with tribes takes time. Relationships don't happen automatically because a piece of legislation happens... that takes years, it takes trust-building. And one of the challenges with Connecticut is there's a trust deficit with tribal communities." "Let's not lose sight of the fact that you know, three of the tribes are only state-recognized, and have very little resources to do anything, and don't have deep tribal economies to support this kind of work. So I think we need to consider all of that in the equation." GUESTS: Mary Hudetz: Member, Crow Tribe; Reporter, ProPublica; Former President, Native American Journalists Association Logan Jaffe: Reporter, ProPublica Kate Seltzer: Howard Center for Investigative Reporting Fellow, The Accountability Project Jason Mancini: Executive Director, Connecticut Humanities; Former Director, Mashantucket Pequot Museum and Research Center Support the show: http://wnpr.org/donateSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Since 1990, the Carnegie Museum of Natural History has been working to repatriate more than 700 human remains and funerary objects from Indigenous Peoples, but so far, only 104 have been made available for return. City Cast's Elizabeth Kauma explains why it's taking the museum so long — and how they got them all in the first place. Special thanks to Amy Covell-Murthy, collection manager of archaeology and head of the section of anthropology at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, and Carrie Wilson, NAGPRA Director for the Quapaw Tribe, for speaking to City Cast Pittsburgh. We love to show our work: The Native American Graves and Repatriation Act is carried out by the National Park Service.  The original law as passed in 1990 only allowed for affiliations to be made by lineal descendent, but the 2010 addition allows for affiliations to be made by geographical connection.  There is currently a proposed change that would place time limits on museums to affiliate remains as a way to prevent the research loophole that allows for destructive research on the remains.  That proposal has been lauded by some, Carrie was very critical of the new regulations and said that these time limits could lead to rushed, and possibly false, affiliations and were an example of the federal government ignoring native sovereignty.  Carrie was also critical of the ProPublica article and database, because she thinks they gloss over the hard work that institutions and Native tribes and nations have done to repatriate remains and paints institutions as the villain with too broad of a brush.  The Carnegie Museum of Natural History also released a notice with more details about how the Quapaw remains ended up in the museum's collection.  You can visit the native-led exhibition “Apsáalooke Women and Warriors“ at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History until May 29th. And here's our last episode on the Carnegie's Museum of Natural History's use of human remains in a diorama. diorama “Lion Attacking a Dromedary.” Want some more Pittsburgh news? Then make sure to sign up for our morning newsletter. We're also on Twitter @citycastpgh & Instagram @CityCastPgh! Not a fan of social? Then leave us a voicemail at 412-212-8893. Interested in advertising with City Cast? Find more info here.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The “Native American Graves and Repatriation Act” passed more than 30 years ago, with the goal of returning human remains, which were taken from native burial sites, back to their tribes. But museums and universities still hold the remains of thousands of people—UC Berkeley alone has nearly 10,000. Guest: Mary Hudetz, Propublica reporter focusing on tribal issues throughout the Southwest. If you enjoy this show, please consider signing up for Slate Plus. Slate Plus members get benefits like zero ads on any Slate podcast, bonus episodes of shows like Slow Burn and Amicus—and you'll be supporting the work we do here on What Next. Sign up now at slate.com/whatnextplus to help support our work. Make an impact this Women's History Month by helping Macy's on their mission to fund girls in STEM. Go to macys.com/purpose to learn more. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The “Native American Graves and Repatriation Act” passed more than 30 years ago, with the goal of returning human remains, which were taken from native burial sites, back to their tribes. But museums and universities still hold the remains of thousands of people—UC Berkeley alone has nearly 10,000. Guest: Mary Hudetz, Propublica reporter focusing on tribal issues throughout the Southwest. If you enjoy this show, please consider signing up for Slate Plus. Slate Plus members get benefits like zero ads on any Slate podcast, bonus episodes of shows like Slow Burn and Amicus—and you'll be supporting the work we do here on What Next. Sign up now at slate.com/whatnextplus to help support our work. Make an impact this Women's History Month by helping Macy's on their mission to fund girls in STEM. Go to macys.com/purpose to learn more. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The “Native American Graves and Repatriation Act” passed more than 30 years ago, with the goal of returning human remains, which were taken from native burial sites, back to their tribes. But museums and universities still hold the remains of thousands of people—UC Berkeley alone has nearly 10,000. Guest: Mary Hudetz, Propublica reporter focusing on tribal issues throughout the Southwest. If you enjoy this show, please consider signing up for Slate Plus. Slate Plus members get benefits like zero ads on any Slate podcast, bonus episodes of shows like Slow Burn and Amicus—and you'll be supporting the work we do here on What Next. Sign up now at slate.com/whatnextplus to help support our work. Make an impact this Women's History Month by helping Macy's on their mission to fund girls in STEM. Go to macys.com/purpose to learn more. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

‘All That Breathes:' A Story Of Two Brothers Saving New Delhi's Raptors The Oscars are right around the corner, and one of the nominees in the documentary category is called “All That Breathes.” It tells the story of two brothers—Nadeem and Saud—who dedicate their lives to rescuing black kites, a type of raptor that dominates the skies of New Delhi. Since they were children, the brothers have rescued more than 25,000 of these birds, who are quite literally falling out of the thick, polluted, hazy sky. Their conservation efforts have triumphed over limited resources and periods of religious violence in New Delhi. Guest host John Dankosky speaks with Shaunak Sen, director of “All That Breathes,” about the making of the film, and how it's a story of urban ecology, politics, and hope.     Why Won't Museums Return Native American Human Remains? In 1990, the United States passed a groundbreaking human rights policy called the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act—known as NAGPRA. It was designed to spur museums, universities, and federal agencies to return Native American human remains and cultural items back to the tribes they were stolen from. NAGPRA held a lot of promise, but now—33 years later—more than 110,000 Native American, Hawaiian, and Alaskan human remains are held up in research institutions. So why, decades later, have so many institutions failed to return remains? That's the focus of a new report from ProPublica. ProPublica reporter Mary Hudetz joins guest host John Dankosky to discuss why NAGPRA fell short, and where to go from here.   Appreciating The Brilliance Of Benjamin Banneker Benjamin Banneker was a free Black man born in 1731, over a century before slavery was abolished in his home state of Maryland. Today, Banneker is perhaps best known for his role in drawing the original borders of Washington, DC. But he was also an accomplished naturalist and polymath. He was among the first to document the cicada's 17-year life cycle. Banneker also taught himself astronomy and math, and published one of the country's first almanacs. Guest host Regina Barber talks with Dr. Janet Barber, an independent researcher, writer, and social scientist (with no relation to Regina), and Dr. Asamoah Nkwanta department chair and professor of mathematics at Morgan State University, based in Baltimore, Maryland, about Benjamin Banneker's life and scientific legacy.   The Supernatural Side Of Astronomical Events Throughout history, there have been events in the sky that have made people uneasy: Think supernovas, comets, and eclipses. It's easy to understand why. Even when astronomical knowledge was limited, the skies were readily observable. So when things changed, it sometimes led people to see these events as omens. In ancient China, eclipses were thought to occur when a celestial dragon attacked and ate the sun. And in Incan culture, eclipses were seen as the sun god expressing displeasure, which sometimes led to human sacrifice. And in 1456, Halley's Comet was excommunicated by the pope for being an instrument of the devil. There are scientific explanations for these events, of course. Co-host Regina Barber speaks with Dr. Samaiyah Farid, solar physicist and project scientist at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, about what's behind these astrological omens.     Transcripts for each segment will be available the week after the show airs on sciencefriday.com.

In this episode, Carlton interviews Dr. Jayne-Leigh Thomas, the Director of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act at Indiana University. We start with a conversation about their education and background in Anthropology and how they ended up with a Ph.D. from the University of Edinburgh. For the remainder of the episode, we delve into the mechanics of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), why it's still essential in the field three decades after being passed, and how the law has created more meaningful, inclusive and collaborative research in archaeology and museology. We close out the interview with a critical discussion regarding the upcoming NAGPRA revisions and their potential impact on Indigenous Communities and Tribal NAGPRA officers.If you have left a podcast review on iTunes or Spotify, please email us at alifeinruinspodcast@gmail.com so we can get shipping information to send you a sticker.If you are listening to this episode on the "Archaeology Podcast Network All Shows Feed," please consider subscribing to the "A Life in Ruins Podcast" channel to support our show. Listening to and downloading our episodes on the A Life in Ruins channel helps our podcast grow. So please, subscribe to the A Life in Ruins Podcast, hosted by the Archaeology Podcast Network, on whichever platform you use to listen to us on the "All Shows Feed." Please support our show by following our channel.TranscriptsFor rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/ruins/134Links NAGPRA Comics Website Return of the Sacred Pole by Nebraska Public Media (YouTube Video) Indiana University Intensive NAGPRA Summer Training and Education ProgramLiterature Recommendations Grave Injustice: The American Indian Repatriation Movement and NAGPRA by Kathleen S. Fine-DareGuest Contact Email: thomajay@indiana.edu Indiana University NAGPRA websiteContact Email: alifeinruinspodcast@gmail.com Instagram: @alifeinruinspodcast Facebook: @alifeinruinspodcast Twitter: @alifeinruinspod Website: www.alifeinruins.com Ruins on APN: https://www.archaeologypodcastnetwork.com/ruins Store: https://www.redbubble.com/people/alifeinruins/shopArchPodNet APN Website: https://www.archpodnet.com APN on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/archpodnetAffiliates Wildnote TeePublic Timeular Motion

In this episode, Carlton interviews Dr. Jayne-Leigh Thomas, the Director of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act at Indiana University. We start with a conversation about their education and background in Anthropology and how they ended up with a Ph.D. from the University of Edinburgh. For the remainder of the episode, we delve into the mechanics of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), why it's still essential in the field three decades after being passed, and how the law has created more meaningful, inclusive and collaborative research in archaeology and museology. We close out the interview with a critical discussion regarding the upcoming NAGPRA revisions and their potential impact on Indigenous Communities and Tribal NAGPRA officers.If you have left a podcast review on iTunes or Spotify, please email us at alifeinruinspodcast@gmail.com so we can get shipping information to send you a sticker.If you are listening to this episode on the "Archaeology Podcast Network All Shows Feed," please consider subscribing to the "A Life in Ruins Podcast" channel to support our show. Listening to and downloading our episodes on the A Life in Ruins channel helps our podcast grow. So please, subscribe to the A Life in Ruins Podcast, hosted by the Archaeology Podcast Network, on whichever platform you use to listen to us on the "All Shows Feed." Please support our show by following our channel.Transcripts For rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/ruins/134Links NAGPRA Comics Website Return of the Sacred Pole by Nebraska Public Media (YouTube Video) Indiana University Intensive NAGPRA Summer Training and Education ProgramLiterature Recommendations Grave Injustice: The American Indian Repatriation Movement and NAGPRA by Kathleen S. Fine-DareGuest Contact Email: thomajay@indiana.edu Indiana University NAGPRA websiteContact Email: alifeinruinspodcast@gmail.com Instagram: @alifeinruinspodcast Facebook: @alifeinruinspodcast Twitter: @alifeinruinspod Website: www.alifeinruins.com Ruins on APN: https://www.archaeologypodcastnetwork.com/ruins Store: https://www.redbubble.com/people/alifeinruins/shopAffiliates Wildnote TeePublic Timeular Motion

Here at The Dirt, we talk a lot about the things that people leave behind, but we've not spent much time talking about what's left behind of the people themselves. That changes this week, when Anna and Amber discuss excavating, storing, studying, and selling archaeological human remains, and take a look at some of the legal and ethical challenges involved. Content note: this episode contains descriptions of violence done to deceased people and discussion of trafficked human remains. To learn more about the topics discussed this week (and be advised that there are a lot of images of archaeological human remains included), check out:They Sell Skulls Online?! A Review of Internet Sales of Human Skulls on eBay and the Laws in Place to Restrict Sales (Journal of Forensic Sciences)Human Skulls Are Being Sold Online, But Is It Legal? (National Geographic)FAQ (Pandora's Box UK)The Long Ethical Arc of Displaying Human Remains (Atlas Obscura)Human Remains: The Sacred, Museums And Archaeology (Public Archaeology)Prof. Bob Muckle on TwitterMourning an Aboriginal death (Creative Spirits)Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (Wikipedia)Grave Injustice: The American Indian Repatriation Movement and NAGPRANAGPRA as a Paradigm: The Historical Context and Meaning of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act in 2011 (Proceedings of the Ninth Native American Symposium)The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) (via National Parks Service)Repatriation and Traditional Care (Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology)Repatriation Office (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History)Give Me My Father's Body (1986), and the Dollop episode about MinikThe...

The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act dictates remains from federal lands or in institutions receiving federal funds be returned to their tribal descendants. But what of remains from private lands or in museums that don't take government funds? It was once common practice for archaeologists—both professional and amateur—to plunder burial sites. Some unscrupulous outlets still have ancestors' remains on public display. Today on Native America Calling, Shawn Spruce gets a rundown of places that enjoy NAGPRA's loopholes with Shannon Keller O'Loughlin (Choctaw), attorney and the executive director of the Association on American Indian Affairs; Kenny Bowekaty (Zuni), tour guide and archaeologist for the Pueblo of Zuni; and Bryon Schroeder, director of the Center for Big Bend Studies at Sul Russ State University.

The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act dictates remains from federal lands or in institutions receiving federal funds be returned to their tribal descendants. But what of remains from private lands or in museums that don't take government funds? It was once common practice for archaeologists—both professional and amateur—to plunder burial sites. Some unscrupulous outlets still have ancestors' remains on public display. Today on Native America Calling, Shawn Spruce gets a rundown of places that enjoy NAGPRA's loopholes with Shannon Keller O'Loughlin (Choctaw), attorney and the executive director of the Association on American Indian Affairs; Kenny Bowekaty (Zuni), tour guide and archaeologist for the Pueblo of Zuni; and Bryon Schroeder, director of the Center for Big Bend Studies at Sul Russ State University.

Shane Weeks, Indigenous Peoples' Day Special Segment Underwritten by Jennifer Benton Shane Weeks, author of, “Good Neighbors: A Shinnecock History From A Shinnecock Perspective” joins The Heart of The East End for a special Indigenous Peoples' Day segment. Weeks talks about his book, institutionalized colonialism, recovering sacred lands, and repatriation of human remains and cultural items through the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. For more from Shane, visit his website at https://bizhiki.com/ (bizhiki.com). Jeremy Dennis, Monday Meditation on Indigenous Peoples' Day 2022 Photographer Jeremy Dennis joins Gianna to discuss the Shinnecock Nation's fight for beach access in Southampton, where they are currently treated as tourists, and the elevation of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color artists at Ma's House and BIPOC Art Studio. He also talks about a new partnership with WLIW-FM, adding video to the Ma's House podcast hosted by Hunter Begun. For more info visit https://www.instagram.com/mashousestudio/ (@mashousestudio), and find the Ma's House podcast at https://www.wliw.org/radio/programs/mas-house-podcast/ (wliw.org/radio) and on the NPR One app.

Tamara St. John is an enrolled member of the Sisseton Wahpeton Sioux Tribe of the Lake Traverse Reservation of South Dakota.  She is the Tribal Archivist/Curator of Collections and works with the Tribal Historic Preservation Office on Cultural Preservation issues. She has been working on Native American Graves and Repatriation Act issues for the tribe with a long term goal of building a tribal visitor center and museum. Tamara is a Native American genealogist has done extensive research in the history of the Dakota/Lakota/Nakota or Oceti Sakowin. She has worked with the Minnesota Historical Society and along with other Dakota Tribes collaborated on the Commemorating Controversy: The Dakota–U.S. War of 1862 exhibition. She worked with North Dakota State University and The Center for Heritage Renewal participating in panel discussions on the Dakota-U.S. War of 1862 and The Massacre at Whitestone Hill. Tamara is a former board member of the South Dakota Humanities Council and works with both South Dakota and North Dakota Native Tourism Alliance organizations.   Tamara was elected to the South Dakota State Legislature in 2018, completed her second term with the 2022 Legislative Session and will be running for re-election November 2022.  Tamara is currently leading the work to repatriate two Sisseton Wahpeton Dakota children who attended the Carlisle Pennsylvania Industrial School for Indians in 1879. Both Amos LaFromboise and Edward Upright are buried at the cemetery in Carlisle, Pa. which is now an active military base.  Since 2016 Tamara St. John has worked with other tribal nations to navigate the complex issues that surround the unique issues related to repatriations from Carlisle Indian School cemetery.   Links: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TamaraforSD 
Twitter: @tamarajstjohn Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/tamara_stjohn/

The U.S. Congress passed both the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act and the Indian Arts And Crafts Act in 1990—two pieces of legislation with significant power to protect culture. On the international front, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation in Mexico rose up in an effort to reclaim their land and resist globalization. Dances With Wolves captured audiences' attention with a Native cast and a Best Supporting Actor Oscar nomination for Graham Greene, while a new generation of Native writers and directors made their voices heard. Today on Native America Calling, Shawn Spruce remembers the Native '90s, as part of our series Through The Decades. Shannon Keller O'Loughlin (Choctaw), executive director of the Association on American Indian Affairs, and Vincent Schilling (Akwesasne Mohawk), editor of NativeViewPoint.com and certified Rotten Tomatoes critic.

The U.S. Congress passed both the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act and the Indian Arts And Crafts Act in 1990—two pieces of legislation with significant power to protect culture. On the international front, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation in Mexico rose up in an effort to reclaim their land and resist globalization. Dances With Wolves captured audiences' attention with a Native cast and a Best Supporting Actor Oscar nomination for Graham Greene, while a new generation of Native writers and directors made their voices heard. Today on Native America Calling, Shawn Spruce remembers the Native '90s, as part of our series Through The Decades. Shannon Keller O'Loughlin (Choctaw), executive director of the Association on American Indian Affairs, and Vincent Schilling (Akwesasne Mohawk), editor of NativeViewPoint.com and certified Rotten Tomatoes critic.

Priceless artwork and tribal artifacts have made their way across the globe through several means, some legitimate and others … not so much.While we rely on these objects to tell us about history, tradition and culture, the way they end up in our communities sometimes raises questions about what should happen to them, where they rightfully belong and how the legal system can get them home.Congress has passed laws regulating what should happen to items taken from tribes without their permission, including the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. The water gets muddier internationally though, as political drama takes center stage.In this episode, we take a trip across the globe to see how this issue plays out in different communities.The Founders Museum in Barre, Mass. is grappling with how to properly return moccasins, dolls and clothing from the Wounded Knee Massacre to the Lakota, which lost nearly 300 people in December 1890. Down the street, the Worcester Art Museum uses art once stolen by Nazis in World War II to show the difficult task of getting back Richard Neumann's renowned art collection. We also break down communications between Austria and Mexico over a storied feathered Aztec headdress.

This month, I interview Chip Colwell. We talk about his wide-ranging work as an anthropologist, museologist, and a public-facing scholar. We talk about why it is so important and beneficial for public historians and scholars to reach out to their respective public, and then about his work at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science. There, he formed relationships with indigenous communities, directed the museum's operations concerning repatriation and the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, his work on the Museum's Native Science Initiative, and his ongoing work as Editor in Chief of the global public humanities project, SAPIENS. Dr. Chip Colwell is the editor-in-chief of Sapiens.org, an online magazine about anthropological thinking and discoveries. From 2007-2020, he was the Senior Curator of Anthropology at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science. He has published 12 books including Objects of Survivance: A Material History of American Indian Education (University Press of Colorado) and Plundered Skulls and Stolen Spirits: Inside the Fight to Reclaim Native America's Culture (University of Chicago Press). His work has been highlighted in such venues as the New York Times, The Guardian, Salon, and Slate. The ITPS Podcast is hosted by Dr. John C. Winters. John is the ITPS Research Associate in New York History and Assistant Professor of History at the University of Southern Mississippi. As a public historian, John has nearly ten years of experience in historic homes and public history institutions. You can find him at johncwinters.com and @wintersjohnc

The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990, or NAGPRA, is supposed to curb the illegal possession of ancestral Native American remains and cultural items. But a year after it was passed by the U.S. federal government, a significant African burial ground in New York City was uncovered. And there was zero legislation in place for its protection. Dr. Rachel Watkins shares the story of the New York African Burial Ground—and what repatriation looks like for African American communities.   (00:00:44) Enter the Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnology and its NAGPRA controversy. (00:03:19) A discovery in Manhattan is not covered by NAGPRA. (00:05:19) Intro. (00:05:44) Dr. Rachel Watkins, the New York African Burial Ground Project and Michael Blakey.  (00:11:40) Dr. Rachel Watikins meets the Cobb Collection. (00:23:44) Exploring Repatriation for the New York African Burial Ground Project. (00:28:26) The issue of repatriation for the Cobb Collection. (00:34:02) Revisiting season 4. (00:40:49) Credits.   SAPIENS: A Podcast for Everything Human, is produced by House of Pod and supported by the Wenner-Gren Foundation. SAPIENS is also part of the American Anthropological Association Podcast Library. This season was created in collaboration with the Indigenous Archaeology Collective and Society of Black Archaeologists, with art by Carla Keaton, and music from Jobii, _91nova, and Justnormal. For more information and transcriptions, visit sapiens.org.     Thank you this time also to The Harvard Review and their podcast, A Legacy Revealed for permitting us to use a clip from Episode 4 I Could See Family in Their Eyes, hosted by Raquel Coronell Uribe and Sixiao Yu and produced by Lara Dada, Zing Gee, and Thomas Maisonneuve.   Additional Sponsors: This episode, and entire series, was made possible by the Cornell Institute of Archaeology and Material Studies, the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, UC San Diego Scripps Center for Marine Archaeology, the University of Michigan Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, the Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology at Brown University, UMASS Boston's Fiske Center for Archaeological Research, UC Berkeley's Archaeological Research Facility, and the Imago Mundi Fund at Foundation for the Carolinas.   Additional Resources:   From SAPIENS: Why the Whiteness of Archaeology Is a Problem Craft an African American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act  New York African Burial Ground  The Mismeasure of Man Guest: Rachel Watkins is a biocultural anthropologist with an emphasis on African American biohistory and social history, bioanthropological research practices, and histories of U.S. biological anthropology.

Since 1990, the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act has been in place to provide for the repatriation and disposition of certain Native American human remains, funerary objects, sacred objects, and objects of cultural patrimony. Over the years, adjustments to the program have been made and most recently in 2021, a new draft of proposed regulation updates was published. Listen in with #ARCSchat as the team speaks with Dr. Martina Dawley, Director/THPO at the Hualapai Department of Cultural Resources, to explore these changes, their potential impacts, and how the program can best serve and protect the heritage of indigenous nations within America.   Resources:   https://americanindian.si.edu/sites/1/files/pdf/repatriation/NMAI-RepatriationPolicy-2014.pdf   https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nagpra/upload/NAGPRA-Draft-Regulations-Overview-of-Changes.pdf Hualapai Bird Singers  https://youtu.be/gdO4oIEO3tg Hualapai History https://youtu.be/z2HAM0o3rcg COVID Color Code System - Public Announcement for the community https://youtu.be/wT9CqJZLCE8  Story Map: Walapai Internment at Camp La Paz  We run the trail each year on April 21 https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/5c192f51ebe94b9e9dbb76179924f464 La Paz: Hualapai Trail of Tears Story https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SPeqIX6vG_w 

In November of 1990, President George H.W. Bush signed the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) into law. Now, more than 30 years later, we look back at both the letter and spirit of the law, which aims to return tens of thousands of stolen Indigenous remains and funerary artifacts to their tribes.

The activism and momentum of the late 1960s led to a shift in U.S. policy toward Native tribes, reaffirming Indigenous peoples’ right to self-governance. Later, this era became known as the Self-Determination Era. Starting in the early 1970s, many pieces of legislation were passed which, among other things, reaffirmed Indigenous peoples’ rights to establish and manage their own schools, practice their traditional spirituality and ceremonies without persecution, and safeguard the welfare of their Native children. Although issues of tribal sovereignty remain at the forefront of our minds, and many fights to maintain our rights continue today, the hard-won victories of this generation have led to some lands being returned, and have restored many water, fishing, and subsistence rights. Dr. Elizabeth Hoover joins us in conversation about the Native American Graves and Repatriation Act-- one of the many pieces of legislation passed during this era-- and how it has provided a path to seed rematriation. Dr. Hoover also shares some of her own experiences in this movement.

Senate Committee on Indian Affairs (117th Congress) Oversight Hearing “The Long Journey Home: Advancing the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act's Promise After 30 Years of Practice” Wednesday, February 2, 2022 – 2:30 PM Location: Dirksen Room Number: 628 PANEL 1 Ms. Joy Beasley Associate Director, Cultural Resources, Partnerships and Science National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/joybeasley020222.pdf Dr. Anna Maria Ortiz Director, Natural Resources and Environment U.S. Government Accountability Office Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/annamariaortiz020222.pdf Ms. Carmen Hulu Lindsey Chair Office of Hawaiian Affairs Honolulu, Hawaii https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/carmenhululindsey020222.pdf Dr. Valerie Grussing Executive Director National Association of Tribal Historic Preservation Officers Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/valeriegrussing020222.pdf Dr. Rosita Worl President Sealaska Heritage Institute Juneau, Alaska https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/rositaworl020222.pdf Committee Notice: https://www.indian.senate.gov/hearing/oversight-hearing-long-journey-home-advancing-native-american-graves-protection-and

Senate Committee on Indian Affairs (117th Congress) Oversight Hearing “The Long Journey Home: Advancing the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act's Promise After 30 Years of Practice” Wednesday, February 2, 2022 – 2:30 PM Location: Dirksen Room Number: 628 PANEL 1 Ms. Joy Beasley Associate Director, Cultural Resources, Partnerships and Science National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/joybeasley020222.pdf Dr. Anna Maria Ortiz Director, Natural Resources and Environment U.S. Government Accountability Office Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/annamariaortiz020222.pdf Ms. Carmen Hulu Lindsey Chair Office of Hawaiian Affairs Honolulu, Hawaii https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/carmenhululindsey020222.pdf Dr. Valerie Grussing Executive Director National Association of Tribal Historic Preservation Officers Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/valeriegrussing020222.pdf Dr. Rosita Worl President Sealaska Heritage Institute Juneau, Alaska https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/rositaworl020222.pdf Committee Notice: https://www.indian.senate.gov/hearing/oversight-hearing-long-journey-home-advancing-native-american-graves-protection-and

Senate Committee on Indian Affairs (117th Congress) Oversight Hearing “The Long Journey Home: Advancing the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act's Promise After 30 Years of Practice” Wednesday, February 2, 2022 – 2:30 PM Location: Dirksen Room Number: 628 PANEL 1 Ms. Joy Beasley Associate Director, Cultural Resources, Partnerships and Science National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/joybeasley020222.pdf Dr. Anna Maria Ortiz Director, Natural Resources and Environment U.S. Government Accountability Office Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/annamariaortiz020222.pdf Ms. Carmen Hulu Lindsey Chair Office of Hawaiian Affairs Honolulu, Hawaii https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/carmenhululindsey020222.pdf Dr. Valerie Grussing Executive Director National Association of Tribal Historic Preservation Officers Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/valeriegrussing020222.pdf Dr. Rosita Worl President Sealaska Heritage Institute Juneau, Alaska https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/rositaworl020222.pdf Committee Notice: https://www.indian.senate.gov/hearing/oversight-hearing-long-journey-home-advancing-native-american-graves-protection-and

Senate Committee on Indian Affairs (117th Congress) Oversight Hearing “The Long Journey Home: Advancing the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act's Promise After 30 Years of Practice” Wednesday, February 2, 2022 – 2:30 PM Location: Dirksen Room Number: 628 PANEL 1 Ms. Joy Beasley Associate Director, Cultural Resources, Partnerships and Science National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/joybeasley020222.pdf Dr. Anna Maria Ortiz Director, Natural Resources and Environment U.S. Government Accountability Office Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/annamariaortiz020222.pdf Ms. Carmen Hulu Lindsey Chair Office of Hawaiian Affairs Honolulu, Hawaii https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/carmenhululindsey020222.pdf Dr. Valerie Grussing Executive Director National Association of Tribal Historic Preservation Officers Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/valeriegrussing020222.pdf Dr. Rosita Worl President Sealaska Heritage Institute Juneau, Alaska https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/rositaworl020222.pdf Committee Notice: https://www.indian.senate.gov/hearing/oversight-hearing-long-journey-home-advancing-native-american-graves-protection-and

Senate Committee on Indian Affairs (117th Congress) Oversight Hearing “The Long Journey Home: Advancing the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act's Promise After 30 Years of Practice” Wednesday, February 2, 2022 – 2:30 PM Location: Dirksen Room Number: 628 PANEL 1 Ms. Joy Beasley Associate Director, Cultural Resources, Partnerships and Science National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/joybeasley020222.pdf Dr. Anna Maria Ortiz Director, Natural Resources and Environment U.S. Government Accountability Office Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/annamariaortiz020222.pdf Ms. Carmen Hulu Lindsey Chair Office of Hawaiian Affairs Honolulu, Hawaii https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/carmenhululindsey020222.pdf Dr. Valerie Grussing Executive Director National Association of Tribal Historic Preservation Officers Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/valeriegrussing020222.pdf Dr. Rosita Worl President Sealaska Heritage Institute Juneau, Alaska https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/rositaworl020222.pdf Committee Notice: https://www.indian.senate.gov/hearing/oversight-hearing-long-journey-home-advancing-native-american-graves-protection-and

Senate Committee on Indian Affairs (117th Congress) Oversight Hearing “The Long Journey Home: Advancing the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act's Promise After 30 Years of Practice” Wednesday, February 2, 2022 – 2:30 PM Location: Dirksen Room Number: 628 PANEL 1 Ms. Joy Beasley Associate Director, Cultural Resources, Partnerships and Science National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/joybeasley020222.pdf Dr. Anna Maria Ortiz Director, Natural Resources and Environment U.S. Government Accountability Office Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/annamariaortiz020222.pdf Ms. Carmen Hulu Lindsey Chair Office of Hawaiian Affairs Honolulu, Hawaii https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/carmenhululindsey020222.pdf Dr. Valerie Grussing Executive Director National Association of Tribal Historic Preservation Officers Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/valeriegrussing020222.pdf Dr. Rosita Worl President Sealaska Heritage Institute Juneau, Alaska https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/rositaworl020222.pdf Committee Notice: https://www.indian.senate.gov/hearing/oversight-hearing-long-journey-home-advancing-native-american-graves-protection-and

Senate Committee on Indian Affairs (117th Congress) Oversight Hearing “The Long Journey Home: Advancing the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act's Promise After 30 Years of Practice” Wednesday, February 2, 2022 – 2:30 PM Location: Dirksen Room Number: 628 PANEL 1 Ms. Joy Beasley Associate Director, Cultural Resources, Partnerships and Science National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/joybeasley020222.pdf Dr. Anna Maria Ortiz Director, Natural Resources and Environment U.S. Government Accountability Office Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/annamariaortiz020222.pdf Ms. Carmen Hulu Lindsey Chair Office of Hawaiian Affairs Honolulu, Hawaii https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/carmenhululindsey020222.pdf Dr. Valerie Grussing Executive Director National Association of Tribal Historic Preservation Officers Washington, DC https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/valeriegrussing020222.pdf Dr. Rosita Worl President Sealaska Heritage Institute Juneau, Alaska https://www.indianz.com/News/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02/rositaworl020222.pdf Committee Notice: https://www.indian.senate.gov/hearing/oversight-hearing-long-journey-home-advancing-native-american-graves-protection-and

Indigenous Paleolithic of the Western HemisphereWith Dr. Paulette SteevesPatty KrawecWe're here with Dr. Paulette Steves.Josh Manitowabi made a remark that the Anishinaabe word Giiwedin contains the idea of going home. And that what it was referring to was the glaciers, that the glaciers were going home. And this is knowledge that's contained with elders. And he gave me you know, reference to a couple of books where elders are, you know, talked about this, in the Cree have a similar word. I think it's a kiiwedin rather than with the G. And I was just so captured by this idea that our language contained knowledge, not only of the glaciers, but the fact that they hadn't always been there. And then I encountered somebody was talking on Twitter was talking about talking about Paulette’s book, Dr. Steeves Indigenous Paleolithic of the Western Hemisphere kind of expands on that hugely on Indigenous presence, not just 5000 years ago, or 10,000 years ago. Like, like your dissertation. You know, it's more than 100,000 years ago,Kerry: we love it so muchPatty: that’s an extremely long time. And I was just like, when I saw that this book existed, I was like, this needs to be in my and I rewrote part of the beginning of my book based on it. I was like, I need to get this book into my book. Because it is a story of beginnings, right? I don't focus on that. But creation stories ground us, they say so much about what we believe about ourselves.Dr Paulette Steeves:And that's, that's important. That language you Giiwedin, because that tells us that the people were here, before the glaciers came, right. And they were here when the glaciers went home. And white faculty, white archaeologists don't know our language, don't value our language, and don't understand that not just Indigenous history, but World History is held in those languages. So that's really, really an important point about the language.Patty: And then I came across it in your book, I came across more examples of that, right, where you talk about Thunderbirds and the terratorns, and the story of the Osage have, and then they went and found all these bones. And it's like, wow, it's like, if you talk to the people, maybe you could learn something.Paulette:Right. But archaeologists typically for decades forever wouldn't talk to Native American or First Nations people, because they didn't give their knowledge any value. And because their academic capital was built on our history, our artifacts, and how the archaeologists told the story. So, they owned it, they own the artifacts, if they talk to us, they were terrified, oh we might have to give them something back and acknowledge them, that is slowly beginning to change. But, you know, I worked in field archaeology a lot in the US and archaeologists were supposed to by their agreements, consult with tribes, and they didn't, and none of the archaeologists on the crew had a clue, even whose land they were on. So it was really sad. I learned a lot about how devastating archaeology can be to Indigenous history from working in field archaeology for I don’t know, six years in the US. And seeing that, you know, how terrified archaeologists were that, you know, the Indians were going to take everything back and, and they wouldn't own it. And that was their academic capital.So in an upcoming coming, grant, I have some collaborators and one of them is going to talk about the capitalism of history and how that is controlled by non-Indigenous archaeologists. And so there's a lot of points that people don't think about. They don't realize it's not just archaeology and history, capitalism is involved in a big way. The nation state is involved in controlling that story, because they stole all the land based on Oh, it's a terra nullius. nobody's using it, we can have it. Right. And so when we show that's not so it makes it unsafe for the nation state. But I mean, I got an email yesterday from an archaeologist that um, his wife is Colombian. And they went down to Bogota. And he talked to a lot of archaeologists there. And they don't even discuss what we call pre Holocene or pre 10,000 year before present sites because of the pressure from archaeologists in the US to deny it. And not to acknowledge that these these ancient Pleistocene sites exist. So a lot of the field of archaeology has ignored this timeframe for Indigenous people, because it's dangerous to go there. Because archaeologists in the US say soKerry:I'm fascinated with the world of archaeology and and the, the sense the knowing that we, as people who are Indigenous to the land, people who have existed beforehand, people who have been colonized in this space in time, I think we have an innate understanding that that existence began beyond what we are allowed to claim. And then, you know, the truths of those existence are scattered all over the world, you know, that were they there's these artifacts that show up, that can't be carbon dated within the timeframe that suits the world archaeological space that exists right now.And you mentioned something that brought up two questions for me, one being that, you know, you mentioned the capitalism, the capitalist kind of system that exists around archeology, as it exists now. And that brought to mind also how the colonial system managed to take the wealth out of our, you know, our peoples, and turned it into their ownership, their, you know, history, and also, my understandings or studies of things has always shown up that for, for the origins of white folks like that understanding of what it is to be white, you know, whatever we're going to use that they they that understanding isn't found everywhere, like it normally comes from, you know, people who have color involved in the spaces, and then somehow they show up, like we are older. We are older forms of existence, or older species that existed. And I find that an interesting space, like for you does that. Do you think that's one of the things that fuels this colonial way of being? Is that sense of wanting to know where they come from? Do you know what I mean?Paulette:Yeah, no, in, in a lot of the things that I've studied, I've really come to understand how archaeology is a child of colonization. And so if you go back into early archeology in the Americas, you'll see that Aleš Hrdlička was sort of a self trained archaeologist, he trained as a physician. But, he was extremely racist. And he claimed that the Indians had only been here 3000 years. And the thing is, if you if you look at what's required in archaeology, to make claims, and to write histories, you have to have data, you have to have evidence, you have to have science. And he was basing this on one graveyard he'd done up in Alaska. He wasn't even looking at, you know, all of the evidence from all of the continents. And he went to his grave denying that we been here for more than 3000 years.So it was actually an African American, freeman, a Black man in Texas who was working as a cowboy that found the site that broke that barrier and prove that we've been here at least 10,000 years. He found this site with these huge bones and realized they had to be extinct animals because they were way too big. And he told his story. And his story got to Jessie Figgins at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science. And in 1927, he went out and started excavating this area in Texas, and actually found what they call a Clovis point in the ribs of an extinct bison. And he had to fight for a few years and have people come and see it. Nobody would believe them because everyone believes Aleš Hrdlička, right. This white or white guy who was racist. And eventually that was accepted and they're like, Okay, so the Indians have been here at least 10,000 years. Right, but it's been stuck there since the 19, late 1920s. And all this evidence has surfaced are our ancestors left us their stories in the land to tell us of their time here. They left it on the rocks with rock art. They, they've held it in their oral traditions. Archaeologists have traditionally ignored all of that. But since I've started publishing and writing more or listening, and they're stepping out of that box, so there was there's a huge fear in archaeology, it's it's been said that if you talk about sites or published on sites that are older than then 11 or 12,000 years, that's academic suicide. Right? The violence that violence against archaeologists that found older sites that's not scientific, that's not academic, that's racist..Kerry:Mm hmm Could you tell us some of the stories tell us what, what, what the ancestors know and what was left in the rock art?Paulette:Oh, there's, there's so much in the rock art, it's immense. So I just had my students completed database of rock art sites whose location was known and made public. And we have, I think, over 2000 sites, there's another 1500 that are held within another database, and their their locations aren’t public. So I won't publish on those. But what that tells us is that, you know, those rock art sites are like mnemonic pegs. So I have heard that one person worked with elders in the Yukon, and they wouldn't tell certain stories. But if you took them back to a rock, or a certain area, they would sit down and start telling the story because the rock held that story. Right.So they have an amazing, amazing, very rich oral tradition of history. And when you hear, like, they have words in their language, that mean, the glaciers went home, you know, they were here, then. And that's anywhere from 8000 to 12,000 years ago. So you know that people have been here for such a long time.  Archaeology sites, they left stone tools, they left bone tools, they left their history of butchering mammals, they left botanical plants and medicines. And they left us those stories. It's up to us to retell those stories. Tom Delahaye, is an archaeologist who worked on a site in Chile. And he was trained like all archaeologists are trained to, you know, people were never here before 12,000 years or 11,200 years, when his site, Monte Verde data to 12,500 years, there was so much evidence there, he couldn't deny it. You know, there was meat, there was seaweed, there was medicine, there was botanicals, there was tools, it was in a peat bog. So that means the oxygen couldn't get in, everything was just really well preserved. He lost his funding, and he had to fight to get it back. That's how violent it is. So nobody would believe him. They hadn't been to the site or, you know, experience his data. But they just said, Oh, no, you're wrong, because people haven't been here. And he had to fight for years to get that site accepted. Now, he now has another area close to there that dates to over 30,000 years. But he, you know, he had he lost all of his funding, and he had to fight to get it back.And that's not right. We're supposed to be archeologists. We're supposed to study the history of humans, right? We're not supposed to deny it and say it doesn't exist before we even look. But that is the case for the Americas unfortunately.Kerry:And I I'm I'm, I'm really like hearing this, because I also know that that seems to have been something that happened even when we study Africa, and my understandings of you know, how they've carbon dated, you know, the Sphinx, there's been arguments in and around, that the Sphinx has existed for far longer than the 5000 years that they've dated it, give or take, you know, they mean that some people believe it's actually 25,000 years old, depending on how you carbon dated it. And I'm so curious to understand, you know, you mentioned it being archaeology, archaeological suicide. Why? What do you think is that that, you know, rigid buffer that is hit that space? Why?Paulette:Racism? So So you look at it, the nation state controls history, and so whoever controls the past controls the present, right. So if we are very infantile in time compared to global human history, we are the babies right? And so we're not evolved. We're not anything, we're dehumanized. So Vine Deloria Jr. talked about this and Vine Deloria Jr. has a quote and it was somebody thing like, you know, until we are equated with human history on a global scale in in ancient time, we will not have full humanity. So he knew that there were oral traditions and stories and evidence of being here much earlier. And he knew that like, the first archaeologists like Aleš Hrdlička said, We'd only been here 3000 years. So we're newcomers.So if you look at a lot of archaeological textbooks, or you hear archaeologists talk, they talk about the Indigenous people of the Americas being Asians from Asia, right? So totally disenfranchise us from our identity of being Indigenous to the Americas. Pardon me, Asia did not exist. Neither did an Asian culture 10 or 12,000 years ago, we are not Asians from Asia, we are Indigenous to these continents. And we have been for a very long time. But they teach. They they preach and teach this worldview that disenfranchises us from the land. Why? Whey all live on the land that the colonizing government stole, you know, through a genocide and intentional genocide, of putting they put rewards on Indian scalps, you'll get 50 bucks for a woman and 500 for a chief. Those were lost. So people were intentionally killing Indians. If people thought that Indians were human, you know, and it had been an established, you know, advanced culture, they wouldn't have been out there shooting them for 50 bucks.So so this started back, you know, what, when America started the dehumanization, and linking us to nature, not to culture, right, and it's taken over 100 years for people to realize, oh, they did have very advanced cultures, they have some of the earliest areas of agriculture, they have more Indigenous languages in the Americas than the whole rest of the world put together. Right, that really all humanizes us. And archaea, a few archaeologists have spoken out and said that, you know, archaeologists understand the importance of the past to people, and the importance of human, you know, history to humanizing people in a certain area.So our history was built in colonization, to dehumanize us, and we're rewriting that history. And that's important because that frames people's worldviews, and when you push back against that, and you inform their worldviews, and you give them all this new knowledge, they're going to see us different, right? They're going to vote different policies are going to be different. Land Claims are going to be different. We're still in a place where we're very dehumanized, and we're starting to reclaim that, and make it public. And people are just starting to understand it. It's like, all these settler people are scratching their heads going really holy. I didn't know that. Right? Like, people don't know. And so they just believe what they're taught.But one of the first things I teach students is to think critically, I mean, don't believe what's in that book, study it, find out for yourself, you have the skill to do that to become informed. And you see people and events in an entirely different way.Patty:Mm hmm. Your book it, you make a couple of interesting points that I've been, I mean, you talk about evidence is not found, because it's not looked for, you know, because they've got a particular story, you know, that they want to tell. And, you know, and we talk about different peoples being, you know, Asiatic or Caucasoid, or whatever. And, and these are modern, you know, these are modern racial categories, people who existed 12,000 years ago, 30,000 years ago, 40,000 years ago, they weren't any of those things. We're taking contemporary ideas, and imposing them. Like when we talk about how humanity started in Africa. Africa didn't exist 100,000 years ago. Africa is a very recent invention, that has a lot of colonial baggage attached to it, you know, and you look at kind of, I remember going to the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, and you see, you know, that poster of the evolution of mankind. And that start, he starts dark and hunched over and then becomes of white, he starts Black and becomes white.Paulette:There's this term called agnotology, which is the intentional teaching of ignorance, and the hiding of facts and data, right. So, US and Canadian education is based on agnotology. It's not so much what you're taught is what you're not taught. Right.So I asked all my classes this Where did humans begin? Africa. Okay. And what did humans evolve from. Well, primates and where did did primates evolve? Africa. No, the earliest primates in the world are from Wyoming. Right? 47% of the earliest proto primates are from Wyoming and Saskatchewan. So if primates as Nova has a little video that shows our earliest ancestors were did everybody first evolve? North America, North America, Hello. People aren't taught that I have a book chapter out there on that also.And that's really a great example of how agnotology is used. They don't teach students that the earliest primates are from the Americas. Right? And that's intentional, because that would make North America important. Imagine if people thought that it that everybody evolved from the earliest primates from North America, right? Could we say we have been here forever? Yes. Hello, of course. And it's scientific data to show it so. Agnotology unfortunately still plays a huge role in how students are taught, and so does racism and bias. I had to teach from one textbook. As a graduate student, you know, we have teach the professor's class and the textbook was talking about what is an artifact and these two authors said, Well, an artifact can be a beautiful 20,000 year old spearpoint from France. Or it could be an indistinguishable flake some weary Indian chucked out in the Mississippi cornfield 1500 years ago. So what kind of worldview are you framing? Beautiful ancient things come from Europe, but some weary Indian chucked out an indistinguishable flak? Why would you even say thatPatty:You weren't here 15,000 years ago, how did you know, he was tired?Paulette:And so I take that book, every chance I get. And I brought it up to the professor. And I said, do you understand how dehumanizing and wrong this is? He was really embarrassed, because he hadn't realized how bad that wasn't, he's been using that textbook for a while. Right? So first year, students, this is what they're taught.Patty:Right? And that becomes foundational, to how they, how they think their perspective. Alexis Shotwell does some really nice writing in her book, Knowing Otherwise about our implicit knowledge, you know, things that we know, but we don't articulate, you know, like the way our hands know how to do things. We don't have to think through how you know how to do stuff, our hands just know what to do. And, you know, we feel and, you know, and we have, we just know some things, and that it's this kind of stuff that that forms the basis of that, that, you know, nobody has to tell them that Indigenous people are, you know, backwards. And you know, less than and all of that they just know,Paulette:It’s normalized violence against Indigenous people. And that plays into how people frame and vote for and create policies for land claims for clean water, for human rights, right, for funding, for schooling, for everything, you know, and so people just normalize that we're worth less, because we're less human. So let's fund their schools like at only two thirds of what we fund, settler white schools, right? This, these are the kinds of things that play into it. And I'm kind of beginning to push the envelope further.So if we look at Northern Asia, we know that there were early hominids there 2.4 million years ago. So there's archaeology sites there where we know that Homo erectus or homo sapiens were home erectus like 2.1 million years ago at one site. We know there are sites in Siberia that date from 24,000 to 340,000 years. So why then, wouldn’t it have early humans? Because they follow animals, they follow herds of animals, because that's their sustenance, their food, right? Why would they have stopped there? If they already walked 14,000 kilometers from Africa? to Asia?Kerry:Why wouldn’t they just go ahead.Paulette:Why would they just stop? Oh, no, we can't cross there. Yeah, no, that doesn't. That's an anomaly. That does not make sense. So I'm now looking to start a new body of research where we'll actually look at what was the Paleo environment in Northern Asia and in northern North America, like at specific points in time, so we know, between glaciers, there was a land connection, and the entire land in the North was like a subtropical forest. So there was plenty of food we know because we know that mammals were coming and going. So camelid camels arose in the Americas. They had to migrate across there to get to the rest of the world. As did saber toothed cats, and and primates, right? So if they're all going from the west to the east, and humans are over there in the east, you know, when mammals are migrating back and forth, why would the humans stop? Right? Right? Like it doesn't make any sense.So I'm starting to build this new body of evidence and knowledge to show that it has never been impossible. From the earliest times we see, you know, 2.1 or 2.4 million years in Northern Asia, it was never impossible for mammals or humans to have come to North America, there's no way you can convince anybody really, if you're looking at the facts that they waited in, you know, 2 million years to do that. They were there the whole time. No.Patty:And you make  sorry, you make a really good point about Australia that I just kind of want want to bring up because they accept presence, you know, human presence in Australia much further back then they accept human presence in North America. And they also accept ocean travel. We always walked. We always walk, we had to wait for the snow to clear and we walked. But in Australia, they could take boats. So why couldn't we take boats? You know, like, and I thought that was a really, I thought those were some really good points, because I never thought about that.Paulette:Like, yeah, well, they don't teach you. They don't teach you didn't think about that at all right? You're not supposed to. But Crete, it was in Ireland that you always needed some form of water transport to get to. And there's sites on Crete that date to over 100,000 years. So we know that early humans were using forms of water transport to cross open bodies of water over 100,000 years ago. Well, now they're trying to say all the earliest, yeah, the earliest people in North America came 15,000 years ago, and they used boats and went along the ice. No, you know, we have points in Eastern Canada, one that was dredged up from the continental shelf that dates to over 22,000 years, that are exactly the same as points found in the area we know today as France that date to that same time. And people are like, Oh, no, that's impossible. Why? During times of glaciers, the water was less the oceans were sucked up in the glaciers. And that made the land crossing much more viable. And if you talk to a lot of Inuit people today, and you ask them, also, would you have any issues going, you know, a few 1000 miles across snow and ice? No, we do it every day. We do it all the time. That's our way of life right, people were accustomed to crossing through glacial areas. Awesome. Right?Kerry:I love what you're saying so much, because a part of what I've always felt, when you when you take a look at the the history of the world, is how much it's kept fragmented. And yet, just like people, you know, like, I always feel this even with history, just how segmented we you know, the colonial system will take pieces of, and yet it doesn't take into accountability, that flow that ebb and flow that we as human beings just naturally have. Also, our relationship with the land, you know, we've had to live on Mother Earth forever. And, you know, wherever we, wherever she throws at us, we've had to adjust. And so I always find it fascinating that, um, you know, one of the beautiful things about the the human species is our ability to, you know, to innovate and to create, so why wouldn't we be able to adapt, create and innovate to move with whatever the environmental, geographical areas are presenting for us, like, why would that not be possible? And I agree with you, if you're really bringing forward for me, the sense of how the colonial system even used archaeology as a tendril to keep us controlled and in bay and to lessen the humanity of, you know, Indigenous peoples from all over the world.Paulette:Yeah, archaeology is the handmaiden to the nation state and they only produce stories that the nation state would approve of that made it safe for the nation state. Right. And it's like when you look at areas in in Mexico and in Central America, and they call people in Mestitzo and Latino, those are names. That's how you erase Indigenous identity. Right? Those people now are learning to speak out and reclaim their Indigenous identities. You know, they're not Mestitzo, they're not Latino. They're Indigenous communities had names had identities. But the nation state and archaeologists assisted them in this erases many Indigenous identities as they can, if you read a lot of archaeological stories oh the people disappeared, or there was a huge community there were 1000s, or they mysteriously disappeared, people don’t mysteriously disappear. They move, right, they migrate. Whoa. So when we,Patty:we, we traveled in the American Southwest a number of years ago, we went to Mesa Verde, beautiful site, we were we'd gone to go look at the cliff dwellings and our guide was the Navajo Ute, man. And, you know, he's showing us around, and he's showing us this one Cliff dwelling, and he says, you know, people lived here 1000, you know, 1000 years ago. And, you know, and he's going on about how they vanished. And it was so mysterious, and everybody's just really soaking this up, right, this great mystery of Where did these people go? Civilization that just vanished. And then he breaks character and says, Have you ever been to Detroit? people move. Yeah.Paulette:I did a I did an article on Mesa Verde. And got to go there and experience it. And yeah, people move, floods come droughts happen, people pick up and move, they don't mysteriously disappear. But that's how archaeologists erase us. And so what one of the kind of unspoken goals of archaeology is to cleave connections between ancient sites and ancient people and contemporary people, right. So they won't let anybody reclaim human remains older than 2000 or 2500 years because you can't prove they're yours?Well, you know what? as an undergraduate, the Quapaw tribe came and asked me if I could help them. So they were trying to reclaim over 500 ancestors, from their very well known towns, Quapaw towns that were along the western side of the Mississippi River. Right, so archaeologists know, these are Quapaw towns, they know the remains came from that area. But they were using a loophole in the Native American Graves Repatriation Act to not return those remains to the Quapaw. And there were a lot of elders that were maybe in their last years, and they would just be in tears when I met with them, they really wanted to rebury their ancestors. So I was only an undergraduate student, we didn't have a DNA lab there. But when they asked me, I realized we could do this. And I got one of the top DNA labs in the US to work with me. And we extracted a Quapaw DNA from a couple of elders, so we had something to match to those ancient remains. When I announced that I was successful in getting modern Quapaw DNA, then museums pretty much immediately gave the 500 ancestors back to the Quapaw. And two weeks after that results, they were re-buried. So the museums and universities knew that these human remains were Quapaw. And they knew they'd be really embarrassed if I brought it out and proved that they were withholding them. You know, and I showed that they were linked through DNA.So one thing I learned from that is that we can use those tools, those scientific tools to support communities, right. And that was kind of a turning point, I was headed for med school. And that was a turning point that headed me to archeology instead.Kerry:Thank you for sharing that. I think that's so important and riveting, because I know that the African continent, so many of the countries in Africa are starting to, you know, knock on some of those museum doors, and are claiming back their ancient artifacts as well. And it's been so interesting to hear like the Smithsonian, for example. My understanding is they have 1000s and 1000s. of stolen, you know, goods, merchandise artifacts, you know, ancient tribal, you know, heirlooms that they have taken and they're just sitting in boxes in a warehouse somewhere. And what came to mind even is the remains of you know, Sarah, Sarah Baartman, the Hottentot Venus, that African woman who they had encapsulated all of her human remains and it took them what's it 19 It was in the 90s, I think before they actually returned her back to her native land. And so, once again, I did not realize there could you explain a little bit you caught me there. Explain a little bit about this. This, you know, loophole legislation that exists where any you can't claim remains that are 2500 years older, then could you can you speak a little bit about thatPaulette:You have a lot of archaeologists who are very vested in those policies. And so it's it's, there's a there's a law in the States came in in 1990, I think called NAGPRA, Native American Graves and Repatriation Act. So that required archaeologists, museums, to create lists of everything they own, including the Smithsonian, all these museums, everything right. And to to put make those lists public so that if Indigenous communities wanted to reclaim human remains, or affiliated spiritual artifacts, they could start that process. So as soon as that law came in, a lot of archaeologists in museums that are looking for loopholes to deny that right, so like I said, that was capital, they were sitting on millions and millions and millions of dollars of capital that got 1000s and 1000s, and 1000s of archaeologists their degrees. Right. And they did not want to give it back.Oh, my God, there was some a hateful, hateful talk going on, in the Society for American archaeology. Right. And they were supposed to have this done within I think it was 10 years. And you know, we're, we're couple decades past when they were supposed to have it done. And there's a lot of them are still denying returning artifacts and, and ceremonial, sacred artifacts and human remains, because that's their capital. So, tribes pushed for that law, we wouldn't have that law, a lot of tribes hadn't pushed for it, and example of how they treated us differently. There was a road being built in an area of the northeastern United States, and they hit a bunch of burials, they hit a historic burial site. And they took all the remains from that the settler remains and the African American remains were re buried in a new cemetery. The Native Americans were sent to a museum. And that really, really angered some Native Americans. And they began to push for laws, so that our, our ancestors, our artifacts, our remains were treated the same as everybody else's.So there is that law in place. It does have loopholes that people try to use. And communities like the Quapaw said, you know, what, watch us, we're gonna, we're going to take care of this. And then they came and found me I was only an undergrad student at the time, I had to quickly learn a lot. I had to apply for grant for an honors thesis. But we were successful in doing that. And I got to work with the Quapaw NAGPRA Office for two years. So I got a lot of training in that area, seeing what they faced. And that ended up having to be the mediator in meetings between the museums and the tribe because there was so much aggression coming from, from the museums, right.PattyThere was another highway that was built in California that found a bunch of bones.Paulette:Every highway they build there finds bones.Patty Krawec  38:31The one, was there were Mastodon bones ..Paulette:That's the Cerutti site. It was called the Highway 54 site. So when in California, highway five goes up the coast of highway 15, goes up the interior and goes around and coastal mountains. And just north of San Diego, they wanted to join those two highways, they wanted to make a connector highway. So when they cleared that it wasn't that long ago, it wasn't 15 or 20 miles I forget, it wasn't that long of a highway, but they found over 114 archaeological sites. And one of the sites they found they hit this big mammoth tusk and it was standing straight up and down. So the archaeologist had them stop. The specialist came in and started looking at this area and they said, these bones are not disarticulated like they should be. So if this mammoth had died, his bones would kind of be scattered here and there but they weren't. There was two femur heads over here, there was a tusk vertically straight up and down on the ground. There were signs of what we call spiral fracturing.So mammoth bone is so big that even an ancient short faced bear couldn't bite it and break it right. The only way to break a mammoth femur would have been to take a big boulder and smash it. So we know that early people liked the marrow. They like the bone for making tools in the marrow was highly nutritious, right? So we know that there is a body of science that shows how people broke the bone and that bone when it's broken by humans, fractures spirally. And we can tell by looking at the bone if it was broken when the animal was alive or when he just died, or if it was broken later. So is it a green break when he you know when he's living? Or is it a later break?So Um Dr. Steve Holen, who was the head archaeologist at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science. He retired, I actually got to do my fieldwork with him on Pleistocene sites in the Great Plains. So I worked on mammoth sites with camelid bone, rhinoceros bone, like just amazing, amazing sites. So Dr. Holen, and another team of scientists that, you know, a huge team of scientists, they knew that if they claimed that this site was a human site, and they thought at the time that was over 200,000 years old, that they would just laughed out of the business, they just be slaughtered. So they waited they that was beautifully curated at the Museum of Man in San Diego. And they waited till technology and dating got to a place that could not be questioned. And then they had those bones dated, and they dated to over 130,000 years. So they finally published that. So I studied that for my dissertation, that collection from that site, they published on this in 2017. And there was an immediate firestorm of ridicule, immediately. But they were absolutely convinced this was human workmanship on this bone. The site was not in an area where the water didn't put those boulders or bones there, it was not in the water at what we call fluvial area.Some archaeologists have supported them. So that's like, within that area. We have some other sites. Louis Leakey, who was the famous paleontologist from Africa, right found a lot of the earliest humans, the man knows what he's doing when he's looking at stone tools and bones. He came in and worked on the Calico site, just north of that area in southern California. He said that site was over 200,000 years old. What did the archaeologists in America say? Oh, he's just a crazy old man who's cheating on his wife. Right? Immediately start bad mouthing him, calling him a crazy old man. Because he said this site was over 200,000 years old, I believe him.Right, there's a few other archaeologists that believe him, south of that area in central Mexico, around this reservoir, there have been four or five sites that have been dated to over 200,000 years. So we have what we call a regional area with not one site, but a bunch of sites that date between 100,000 and over 200,000 years. And but you know, if you talk about them, you're just crazy. When when I first got a hold of Dr. Holen, and I was asking him about older sites, he said, Don't tell anybody what you're studying, they're just gonna call you crazy. But you know, if it's gonna be your dissertation, you kind of got to talk about it. So I actually after initially talking to him, and he told me about 10 sites, I started reading about those sites. And every time you read a paper, you find about another site or another site. Well, in two weeks, I had over 500 sites, and I went, you know what, this is insane. The whole story, the whole Clovis first story is based on conjecture, every piece of it now has been proven to be wrong, incorrect, and not based on scientific data.People were here way before, way before, if you got people, I worked on the [intelligible] site in Nebraska, that dates to 22,000 years before present. If people were here, 22,000 years ago, you got to back up and go, How long before that did they have to get here? And then you start seeing all these other sites that date to 5060 100,000 years? That makes sense, right? We see a pattern, but saying that people got here 12,000 years ago, and in 500 years, they went all the way from Alaska to the southern tip of South America and east to west to the Amazon. No, humans didn't move that fast. They would have needed jets. HelloPatty Krawec  44:08And then there's also the matter of the languages that you brought up, it takes time for languages to evolve and split and become new languages. You know, I've read you know, The Horse, The Wheel and Language, which is you know, fascinating story about the Steppes and the development of the horse and wheel and language. You know, and he, they talk about how much time it takes just to branch off and evolve.Paulette[unintelligible] said it takes minimally 6000 years, even within the same family tree for a new language in that family tree to be, it takes 6000 years, right? So if you look at the Americas, and we've only been here 12,000 years, we should have the smallest number of languages. There shouldn't be very few, right? I think Europe only has between four and nine, depending on who you talk to, but the Americas, California alone has 15 different language families, the Americas has about 180 to 320 language families in the world more than anywhere in the world, that tells you that people had to be here longer than anywhere else in the world. So maybe there's something in that science of timing languages or whatever that is. Right. But when you look at a continental area, hemispheric area that has more languages than the rest of the world put together, you got to realize people been there a very long time for those languages to develop. Students are not taught that either.Patty:Or not taught put those things together. Right.. You know, I just I want to switch gears a little bit because I'm just mindful of the time. You coined a phrase in your book that you know, as an Anishinaabeg person just fascinated me and I wanted,  pyro epistemology, Could you talk about that? Because that was just so such an interesting idea, particularly to me, because we have eight fires, right?Paulette:Yeah, well, that came to me in graduate school. So I've been reading about the seven fires, and you know, how we're coming into the aid fire. And, and I know, because I've done this, I learned how to do when I was younger, and we use fire to clean land. Right, so So forest areas get really choked up, they get a lot of underbrush, and the new baby trees, you know, can't get up and get the sunlight. So, Indigenous people to keep the land healthy would do controlled burns, right, they would cleanse the land, and that allows that new life, good life to grow and to come up and to get the sun. And somehow it just hit me that this is what we need to do with all of these horrifying, dehumanizing discussions and books, we need to burn them. Right. And we need to make space for new discussions of Indigenous people to come up and grow up in academia, that will really bring a healthy life and healthy thoughts to people.So epistemology is how we learn the truth or how we learn what we learn. So I thought, we need to fire epistemology, we need to clean the academic landscape of all these dehumanizing talks, all of this settler, white Eurocentric view of Indigenous people, we need Indigenous people and their informed peers to rewrite our histories. And those histories need to be informed by Indigenous knowledge or traditions. You know, stories in the land, rock art sites, there's so much beautiful, beautiful data that that could be recorded.The problem for most non Indigenous scholars is that our languages and our stories are very, very advanced. They're very intricate, they're far too advanced for those white scholars to understand, nevermind that they don't understand the language, right? They cannot understand how we spoke in metaphors. If I told you, oh, there's a black and brown deer over there. In 10 days, you're gonna forget it. If I told you. There's this amazing four legged creature with this beautiful coat that is red and brown and silver and white. And I colored this story with all these metaphors, you would never forget it. And that those are oral, I get goosebumps. Those are oral traditions, right? They were, their language and thought and the power of their intelligence was so much greater, that you can't give that story to a non Indigenous scholar because they would never be able to decipher it or understand it.It's hard for me I had to translate stories from another language I had to translate from another language for my, my PhD. And so when I did a masters, I found these articles that were written in French, the French men were going down the Mississippi River and they wrote that they were afraid that the Indian stories would be lost because they were all being killed. So they stayed long enough to write some of their stories and they took them back to France. And they stayed there in a museum for over 100 and something years. I just got lucky and found where they had just been digitized and put online and I chose one. It was difficult for me. It was easy to translate the French but then I had to sit with those words. And go what is the story they were telling me and the story was it was a man who was teaching his daughters proper safe, ethical protocols for where they I lived at the time. But I realized, you know, it's this difficult for me. And I have to really dig deep into my spirit and listen to their voices. How could someone who's not Indigenous do that? They can't, right?Kerry:Oh, there this is such a juicy, amazing conversation I really, oh, oh, Paulette, you are just making my soul sing. I really enjoy, when, you know, we get guests on which all of our guests are, but that can just break this down into that soul place. And that's what I feel like you're doing when you are, are telling us and giving us this knowledge. It's it's literally about shattering the fabric of what we have created, or what the colonial system has said we must be. And so are you finding that it's starting to you know, are the cracks real? Are we, are you beginning to chip away? And feeling that ripple effect of chips are getting, the chunks are getting a little bit bigger?Paulette:Yeah. And and I'm starting to see now that more archaeologists are reaching out to me with their stories about older sites and how they've been denied. And they're getting bolder and braver. They're feeling safer now in publishing on sites that are older than 12,000 years. So we're starting that fire, right. And every time I write something, I'm just flicking my bic and just lighting that fire. Because the only way we're going to re humanize our history and revive and reclaim our history is to burn that history that this group of white people said we had to have. Right.And and that begs the question, Who has the right to tell history? Who owns the right to tell the story for someone else? Nobody. The people who own that history, have the right to tell their history. And they don't have to tell it in the way that you say, right. And, you know, people that know me, were really afraid Dr. Holen was terrified for the critique I'd face when my book came out. There hasn't been one peep of critique, not one.  I have gotten really good feedback. Archaeologists like Ruth Graham, she actually worked in the field for decades. And she did publish on older sites. She got a hold of me through a friend last week so that she can make sure she attends my seminar with the Peabody tomorrow, right? Archaeologists are now talking, I've gotten emails that people are just thanking me for telling the truth, because it makes the field a safer place for them. Right?I'm sure they will come a point when some really angry archaeologists who, actually you see them at conferences, and you bring the subject up and they get screaming and shaking, they get really angry, you know, and I'm just like, what's your issue? This is what we're, we're archaeologists, right. But when it comes to the Americas, they want that to stay in a box, if you look at the rest of the world, human history in the last 20 years has completely changed because of the work that people have doing, because tech technology supports it. And we should not expect that it won't change just because it's our homeland and territories, of course, it's going to change.And you know, they found a new site off of Vancouver Island that dates to over 14,000 years. They're publishing on it. So now I'm seeing more and more people publishing and publicly discussing on older sites since I started talking about this and writing about it in 2015, right when I got my PhD. And so I think we're starting to see cracks, I think people are starting to open their mind. And they're reading my book and going this makes sense. So in my book, The Indigenous Paleolithic of the Western Hemisphere, I reclaim over 120,000 years of our history, and I do it using those Western tools and the Indigenous tools. I use archaeology, I use science, I use data collection, I use oral traditions, you know, I understand, I use mammalian evolution, mammilian migrations I use paleo environmentalism, I use paleo geography. And I show that people being here before 100,000 years make sense. People not getting here to 12,000 years it makes no sense at all. It never has. And I have people saying that to me that you know, I always said that and never really made sense. But I didn't know how, you know, well now, you know, get my book and you know how to make it make sense that we've been here much longer.Patty Krawec  55:10Mm hmm.So what is the best place for people to buy your book? I just there was a question in the chat.Paulette:Yeah. So people can buy my book from the publisher, University of Nebraska Press, any of the bookstores, it's available on pretty much every bookstore online, Amazon, Walmart, you know, every every bookstore has my book available. It's in production, audio version is in production, I can't wait to hear it. I want to hear the voice who, a professional voice person. Yeah, and then if other people are interested, I'm starting to think now to where we need to get it done on some other languages, you know, like Spanish, and maybe some Asian languages and Middle Eastern languages, because archaeology is a global field. And Human Evolution is a global field. And, and I do believe that North America has a very good place in human evolution, specifically, since we know that the earliest primates were from the Americas. And so if we look at that, and we go, Well, how did they find out to the rest of the world? And when were people coming and going? And you know, they Yes, yes, early humans evolved in Africa. But they left there  look, they were in Northern Asia over 2 million years ago. So hello.They wander? Yeah. It's, it's a global thing. And so North America plays a part in that. You know, it's it's important. And people in countries are very proud people in Africa are very proud that humans evolved there. People in you know, Germany and other areas are very proud of what's their earliest archaeology site? What's the earliest tools, right? Why should North America be left out of that? Because we do have a history based on Indigenous knowledge and archaeological knowledge that goes back over probably 200,000 years, at least, if not earlier, people haven't looked for it. They weren't supposed to look for it. It was very dangerous to look for it. It was dangerous to discuss it. The few people that did left some very valuable clues for me that a lot of early sites were very, very deep. And so I'm starting to think now where would we look for early sites? Where have they previously been found? There was a skullcap found in South America that had heavy heavy brow ridges that looked really like a Neanderthal brow ridges would look right. Of course, that disappeared, but not before they were pictures, and a discussion of it published.KerrySo really, do you know when that was, when was that published? You know how long itPaulette:was a long, long time ago? Okay. Long, long time ago. Yeah, it wasn't recent. So we need to look at, you know, gather all that evidence, gather all those pieces and start really looking at those sites, with an open mind with a very open mind as to the science of the data. And not with this constraint that a bunch of all white archaeologists in the Americas put that is not even supported by any data or science.Kerry:Wow, I am, I am absolutely riveted. I would love like, we always say this, but I'd love to have you come back on and to go a little bit deeper in because for what's coming up for me as even I was reading a study, or an article recently that was talking about the Amazon. And as they're doing, you know, the, the burning of the Amazon and clearing the land, they're actually doing I think it's I'm not sure what the technique is, but they're offering UV or they're doing infrared, that LIDAR that's scanning, and they're realizing that there might be older civilizations that were actually overgrown by the forests. And so there's a whole worldsWhat I think I love so much about you Paulette and the work that you're doing is that you're you're literally just you know, you're taking a sledgehammer to this idea of the history of the world. And I believe it anchoring for those of us who have been so displaced in the story. It gives us an opportunity to reclaim this truth, to to recreate I loved when you said, you know, who decides who creates history? I think that is such a powerful thing, because what you're doing is allowing us this truth to question what we've been told as the narrative and decide what pieces of it we're going to choose, if any at all. And I think it's so important that we continue these conversations that we keep the digging, the digging going, that we offer ourselves the spaces of truth. I'm just so impressed. with what you've done your workPaulette:The more people that will discuss it and realize the absurdity that people were only here 12,000 years ago, the more we open up the possibility. So to do work to do archaeological, you need funding. Can you imagine applying for grant to excavate a site that might be 80 to 120,000 years old, they just, they're crazy, right? We have to normalize that discussion. And so I'm really hoping I'm doing that for the next generation of archaeologists, that they'll be able to be funded. And I, you know, in the back of my mind, I just see this big field of have young archaeologists coming out and looking at the 100,000 year old sites in the Americas, because now it's acceptable, and they can get funded.And so we really need to normalize this discussion and to show how absurd that the archaeological story of people, Clovis first people, that's another thing, right? They said the Clovis first people, right? So I found a book. If you look in a library and you find cultural books, you got the Choctaw, the Chickasaw, the Cherokee, the Clovis people, the Clovis people were never a people except in the wildest imagination of archaeological mind. There is nowhere in the world, a cultural group, the size of a hemisphere, cultural groups are small. So they so they frame that also to erase the diversity of early Indigenous people. Right? So there's so much that we need to normalize that I like what you said, I kind of think I'm like, I'm like the bull in the china shop of archaeology. And I'm just kicking the hell out of itKerry:I love it. Oh, yes.Patty:And I particularly like even the title of your book, the Indigenous Paleolithic of the Western Hemisphere, because that's something that we have talked about quite a bit on this podcast is the way the word Indigenous is used, particularly in Canada, to refer very specifically to this place Indigenous people live in North America.Paulette:That's, that was an intentional bit of humor on my part. So, us Indians, we have a way of silently kind of getting back in a humorous way and other people. So when I was a grad student, I had this great title decolonizing Indigenous history. And I talked about it and I used it in papers and a professor before I graduated, used that title for her all white scholar book, right? And I'm like, well, there goes my title. And so I thought about it for a while. And you know, there's always been a denial that that there ever was an Indigenous Paleolithic. So that's their big, it never exist, it never existed. So I'm like, How do I poke those guys? How do I poke those people that deny it? I call it the Indigenous Paleolithic of the western hemisphere. So paleo is not our word. That's not how we recognize our history. But I needed to have, you know, I wanted to have a strong title that really pushed back against that racism, that there was never an Indigenous Paleolithic. And I'm like, watch me. Indigenous Paleolithic. That's my humor, like, watching me. Getting back at angry old  archaeologists.Kerry Goring  1:03:19Right, I enjoy you so much, Paula, you are just exactly what we what we talk about on this show. It is that Reclamation, you have stood up in your way. And just created true medicine, like this is true medicine that feeds the soul of I think I Indigenous people, absolutely. But as somebody who is an ally, as a person of color, who's also, you know, can can understand this idea of the displacement, you fed my soul as well, because I knew that as I followed, you know, Black archaeologists and same ideas, they're saying the exact same thing and our voices have not been able to shine through and be heard. So to hear that you have managed to, you know, be the bull in the china shop, and you're definitely breaking some teacups, and getting to sip tea at this one. I think it is fabulous. And I really love that we got a chance to have this conversation. And let me tell you, I just bought your book, as we've been speaking is it is definitely going to be here. I can't wait to read it.Paulette:It is it is medicine to reclaim your history right and reclaim your right to rewrite and retell your history and to tell the truth, that is a part of healing and reconciliation. So briefly, I'll tell you, I met with an elder in 1988 in Lillooet British Columbia where I grew up. And then I was going through a very difficult time separating single parents, three kids, blah, blah, blah. And he said, This is training. He said, the elders have talked about you. And we understand that you have a job to do in the future. That's gonna be really, really hard a lot harder than this. Well, at the time, there was a single parent, three kids greater education. 26 cents and a truck, what could possibly be harder, I had no clue. But his words went to my heart. And I never forgot what he said. And coming close to my graduation, I realized, Oh, my God, this is what he meant. I just have to rewrite World History. Okay, I think, right. But he said creator raised me for this from the time I was born. And that's a whole nother story. But he was right. I'm fiercely independent. I didn't know any other way as a child. That was how I survived. And that was how I had to be in grad school. Because I faced a lot of racism, people tried to push me out in so many ways, professors, students, I faced a lot of more aggressive racism in grad school than I faced anywhere in my life, I had to be fiercely independent and strong and think for myself. And so you know, my elder was right. And they knew they knew I had this job to do. And they were right, it was much harder. But I got it done. And it's not done. Now, I'm going past the 130,000 years and saying, why couldn't we have been here, just as long as people were in Northern Asia.Kerry:I love it. I love it, that you are a force to be reckoned with. And I'm here, I am here for all of it. Definitely, I'm glad that you got a chance to tell us about your book, tell us where they can find you. Anybody who wants to because I also need to definitely be following you.Paulette:People can look me up Paulette Steeves, I'm on Facebook, I have a Research website online, I'm on Twitter, you can find me at Algoma University paulette.steeves@algomau.ca, you can email me  My book, The Indigenous Paleolithic of the Western Hemisphere is in all online bookstores. And so I'm starting to get more of a I'm trying to keep up to having a social media presence like I'm in a few places, but I'm so busy with writing and doing everything else. And I still have to teach. I am a Canada Research Chair. That's a very kind of prestigious position here in Canada where I get a huge chunk of funding for five years. And I only have to teach two courses a year. That gives me more time for writing and research. So I like I say I'm starting to work on that second piece of this. And I have three, four book chapters that will be coming out next year and two the following year one, one on Vine Deloria Jr. So that's probably the nicest comment I've gotten from someone who read my book, another archaeologist and an Indigenous archaeologist who said I write in the vein of Vine Deloria Jr. and I was just like, Oh, my life is made I can finish now.  Patty:Well, I mean, I'm what I really, I think what what I didn't, what I didn't expect, but it didn't surprise me at all was your ferocity regarding the nation state and colonial and capitalism's investment in the way that the story is currently being told. Because I mean, that's I mean, that's practically every conversation Kerry and I have is. Why is this terrible thing happening? Well, the nation state and it’s investment in capitalism.Paulette:Yeah, it took a long time to pull that together. But there's a lot of really good published discussions within Archaeologists from Latin America, South America and other ones that are more open minded. They realize the politics of the past and how it plays into the present and how it disenfranchises you know, Indigenous people, they take all of our artifacts, and they put them in a museum and they remove them from their cultural place and their cultural stories. And they give them new stories that are safe for the nation state. Oh, look what we found because they disappeared. Hello, we're right over here. Hello.Patty:We didn't take care of them that keeping the eye we didn't say anything so that they can take care of them for us keep them say yes, because we don't know how to do that.Paulette:yeah. Oh my god. Yeah, a lot of you know, I owe a debt to a lot of really good scholars that have discussed that and talked about that. And, and it's really important for students and people to understand that that kind of control has been over us forever. And we need to reclaim our right to tell our own stories in our own way. And, you know, be able to have them thank thank you to the University of Nebraska Press. They asked me for this book, like almost immediately when they heard about my research and my dissertation, and they waited a long time. There's a lot of data. And because it was, might face severe scrutiny and critique, I had to be so careful that there was no mistakes anywhere. And, you know, I finally just sat down and said, the Indigenous way is to tell a story. So I'm going to start telling this story. And it took me from 2015 Till this year to do that. SoPatty:well, I am so glad that it came across my Twitter feed. And then really surprised when I went looking for you that you are already following me. So I'm so glad that you came across my Twitter feed, we've got a couple of more really neat conversations in this vein coming up. We're going to be talking with Dr. Keolu Fox, we're actually we're taking a break. Next week, we're not going to be here, I'm out of town. But then, so but then the week after we're gonna be talking with Dr. Keolu Fox about how the land is our ancestor. He's a genomic researcher. So it's going to touch on some of the things that you brought up regarding genomics and our and our place here. And then we've got Dr. Deondre Smiles, who's going to be talking with us about Indigenous geographies? So again, you know, some of this, you know, kind of some of the things that you talked about more into our present. So this is kind of a really neat trilogy.Paulette:Yeah, I just worked with Deondre as a collaborator on on some research I'm doing because he's a sort of just graduated as a junior faculty, and I've met him before. And you know, what the genetics of geneticists say that, you know, we're all Asians, and we're related to Asian, they have less than 1/10 of 1% of the data that would say what, you know who we really are and how we're all related. They can't even say that. Yeah, right. I called the Max Planck lab, and I emailed a guy and I said, is it still? Do they still have less than 1/10? Of 1%? Yes. They don't have the data. So they can't make those stupid, crazy. claimsPatty:yeah, so I'm pretty excited to talk with Dr. Fox  Because he's really a different, a different, a much different way of talking about and thinking about genomics.Kerry:Yeah, I was gonna say, What a delicious space guys for as we turn history, anatomy, you know, you name it, we're gonna be turning it on its head. Yeah. And I'm here for all of it. I hope you all will be too.Paulette:Thank you for having me.1:13:06Thank you for having me.Kerry:I really would love for us to maybe get everybody back on. Wouldn't it be interestingPatty:panel would be fun. Having all three of you at the same time. Something to think about for the news of the day plan for the new year. Get our January going?Paulette:Wow, what a good start to the new year. That would bePatty:amazing. All right. Just put all three in a room and see what happens. Right. Right. So thank you guys so much. Thank you for listening. We did have some people in the chat. So that was fun today. Um, I will talk to you guys later. Right. Thanks. Bye. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit medicinefortheresistance.substack.com

A proposed change in the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act would give tribes added muscle to hold museums accountable for the human remains they continue to keep in their collections. Museums still hold remains of thousands of Indigenous ancestors. Many times the burden is on tribes to prove their origins. Changes to the […]

A proposed change in the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act would give tribes added muscle to hold museums accountable for the human remains they continue to keep in their collections. Museums still hold remains of thousands of Indigenous ancestors. Many times the burden is on tribes to prove their origins. Changes to the […]

A proposed change in the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act would give tribes added muscle to hold museums accountable for the human remains they continue to keep in their collections. Museums still hold remains of thousands of Indigenous ancestors. Many times the burden is on tribes to prove their origins. Changes to the law would shift the burden to institutions to justify retaining the items.

Welcome to HMSC Connects! where Jennifer Berglund goes behind the scenes of four Harvard museums to explore the connections between us, our big, beautiful world, and even what lies beyond. This week Jennifer Berglund is speaking with Phil Deloria, the Leverett Saltonstall Professor of History at Harvard, and the chair of the committee on degrees in history and literature. Deloria has been working with the Peabody Museum as the chair of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act committee and has been instrumental in guiding the Peabody on its efforts to repatriate culturally affiliated Native American remains and objects.

The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act certainly has its flaws. But museums and Native cultural organizations look to the future of digital collections and repatriation. The... Visit knba.org/news to get more information.

Steven Rinella talks with David J. Meltzer, Phil Taylor, Spencer Neuharth, Corinne Schneider, and Phil Taylor. Topics discussed: Making sure that your local humane society is not The Humane Society of the United States; Jim H. encouraging hunters to be true to the message of conservation and favor wolf recovery even if it costs them a few extra elk tags; Covid vaccines for mink and great apes; Spencer saves bird lives; spotting an arrowhead by the side of the road as a bus driver holding the door open for a kid; delving deeper into the Folsom Site; a beautiful theory killed by a horrible fact; what to make of 34,000 bone scraps smaller than the size of your fingernail; how it’d be cool if you bought a book that came with an attached Folsom point; tribal vs. human and culture vs. genetics; the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act; ancient peoples being successful at moving far distances; dogs as the first animal that humans ever domesticated; how there's dog DNA in wolves but no wolf DNA in dogs; anthropology classes as a resume builder; where you can find all of David's fascinating books; and more. Connect with Steve and MeatEater Steve on Instagram and Twitter MeatEater on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube Shop MeatEater Merch

Continuing season 1 in animated-fairytale-princess fashion, we decided to cover a young woman who gets little to no recognition. Tiger Lily, from Peter Pan, is not actually a Princess, as Native tribes do not function as a monarchy. So, misnomer alert! But since she is incorrectly called a princess in the film, we thought we'd lift her up. We do our best to call out the ways Peter Pan presented and codified racist stereotypes of Native Americans in pop culture. We wanted to give Tiger Lily some positive attention as a young Native woman, and honor indigenous peoples that continue to face prejudice, erasure and violence. At the end of this episode, we read the book: “Fry Bread: A Native American Family Story,” as well as the author's note, which details the history and meaning behind the story. If you would like to buy the book you can do so, here: https://www.amazon.com/Fry-Bread-Native-American-Family/dp/1626727465 Also, we would love to help donate to some Native American non-profits: This one is near and dear to a good friend of mine, who is part Blackfeet. This school teaches kids all subjects in their own language: https://www.pieganinstitute.org/ Next is another amazing organization to which to donate, as they are pivotal in fighting for Indigenous sovereignty and youth education. They were also a force in getting the Native Graves and Repatriation Act passed. They are the oldest non-profit fighting for rights of Native people in the US: https://www.indian-affairs.org/ And this is the Navajo Covid 19 Relief Fund: http://www.nndoh.org/donate.html History Links: http://www.thedisneyfilms.com/2009/12/peter-pan-1953.html http://disneywiz.blogspot.com/2015/08/peter-pan-1953-information.html Psychology Links: https://disney.fandom.com/wiki/Tiger_Lily# https://psyartjournal.com/article/show/rakover-why_wendy_does_not_want_to_be_a_darling_ https://www.verywellmind.com/what-are-jungs-4-major-archetypes-2795439 http://www.native-languages.org/princess.htm --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Landmark legislation protecting Native American cultural items turns 30. The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act requires museums and any institution that receives federal funds to return items of tribal cultural significance taken from federal land. The legislation was the result of decades of work by Native experts and activists who were fighting the theft of Native items over the years. We’ll talk with the people who were instrumental in getting the legislation passed as well as tribal historic preservation officers who rely on it to protect their cultural patrimony.

Exploring the racist treatment of Native North American remains throughout history and how the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act seeks to repair that. tombwithaviewpodcast@gmail.com'Facebook: Tomb with a View PodcastInstagram: tomb.with.a.view

The House Natural Resources Committee holds an oversight hearing on October 7, 2009, on the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. The hearing lasted about 90 minutes. Tribal witnesses discussed the inadequate funding of NAGPRA grants, the length of time it takes to go through the repatriation process and the significant resources needed to follow it.

The House Natural Resources Committee holds an oversight hearing on October 7, 2009, on the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. The hearing lasted about 90 minutes. Tribal witnesses discussed the inadequate funding of NAGPRA grants, the length of time it takes to go through the repatriation process and the significant resources needed to follow it.

The House Natural Resources Committee holds an oversight hearing on October 7, 2009, on the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. The hearing lasted about 90 minutes. Tribal witnesses discussed the inadequate funding of NAGPRA grants, the length of time it takes to go through the repatriation process and the significant resources needed to follow it.

The House Natural Resources Committee holds an oversight hearing on October 7, 2009, on the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. The hearing lasted about 90 minutes. Tribal witnesses discussed the inadequate funding of NAGPRA grants, the length of time it takes to go through the repatriation process and the significant resources needed to follow it.

The House Natural Resources Committee holds an oversight hearing on October 7, 2009, on the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. The hearing lasted about 90 minutes. Tribal witnesses discussed the inadequate funding of NAGPRA grants, the length of time it takes to go through the repatriation process and the significant resources needed to follow it.

Five decades ago, Native American leaders launched a crusade to force museums to return their sacred objects and allow them to rebury their kin. Today, hundreds of tribes use the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act to help them recover their looted heritage from museums across the country. As senior curator of anthropology at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Chip Colwell has navigated firsthand the questions of how to weigh the religious freedom of Native Americans against the academic freedom of scientists and whether the emptying of museum shelves elevates human rights or destroys a common heritage. Winner of the 2019 National Council on Public History Book Award, Plundered Skulls and Stolen Spirits: Inside the Fight to Reclaim Native America's Culture(University of Chicago Press, 2017) offers Colwell's personal account of the process of repatriation, following the trail of four objects as they were created, collected, and ultimately returned to their sources: a sculpture that is a living god, the scalp of a massacre victim, a ceremonial blanket, and a skeleton from a tribe considered by some to be extinct. These specific stories reveal a dramatic process that involves not merely obeying the law, but negotiating the blurry lines between identity and morality, spirituality and politics. Things, like people, have biographies. Repatriation, Colwell argues, is a difficult but vitally important way for museums and tribes to acknowledge that fact—and heal the wounds of the past while creating a respectful approach to caring for these rich artifacts of history. Ryan Tripp is adjunct history faculty for the College of Online and Continuing Education at Southern New Hampshire University. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Five decades ago, Native American leaders launched a crusade to force museums to return their sacred objects and allow them to rebury their kin. Today, hundreds of tribes use the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act to help them recover their looted heritage from museums across the country. As senior curator of anthropology at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Chip Colwell has navigated firsthand the questions of how to weigh the religious freedom of Native Americans against the academic freedom of scientists and whether the emptying of museum shelves elevates human rights or destroys a common heritage. Winner of the 2019 National Council on Public History Book Award, Plundered Skulls and Stolen Spirits: Inside the Fight to Reclaim Native America's Culture(University of Chicago Press, 2017) offers Colwell's personal account of the process of repatriation, following the trail of four objects as they were created, collected, and ultimately returned to their sources: a sculpture that is a living god, the scalp of a massacre victim, a ceremonial blanket, and a skeleton from a tribe considered by some to be extinct. These specific stories reveal a dramatic process that involves not merely obeying the law, but negotiating the blurry lines between identity and morality, spirituality and politics. Things, like people, have biographies. Repatriation, Colwell argues, is a difficult but vitally important way for museums and tribes to acknowledge that fact—and heal the wounds of the past while creating a respectful approach to caring for these rich artifacts of history. Ryan Tripp is adjunct history faculty for the College of Online and Continuing Education at Southern New Hampshire University. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Five decades ago, Native American leaders launched a crusade to force museums to return their sacred objects and allow them to rebury their kin. Today, hundreds of tribes use the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act to help them recover their looted heritage from museums across the country. As senior curator of anthropology at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Chip Colwell has navigated firsthand the questions of how to weigh the religious freedom of Native Americans against the academic freedom of scientists and whether the emptying of museum shelves elevates human rights or destroys a common heritage. Winner of the 2019 National Council on Public History Book Award, Plundered Skulls and Stolen Spirits: Inside the Fight to Reclaim Native America's Culture(University of Chicago Press, 2017) offers Colwell's personal account of the process of repatriation, following the trail of four objects as they were created, collected, and ultimately returned to their sources: a sculpture that is a living god, the scalp of a massacre victim, a ceremonial blanket, and a skeleton from a tribe considered by some to be extinct. These specific stories reveal a dramatic process that involves not merely obeying the law, but negotiating the blurry lines between identity and morality, spirituality and politics. Things, like people, have biographies. Repatriation, Colwell argues, is a difficult but vitally important way for museums and tribes to acknowledge that fact—and heal the wounds of the past while creating a respectful approach to caring for these rich artifacts of history. Ryan Tripp is adjunct history faculty for the College of Online and Continuing Education at Southern New Hampshire University. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Five decades ago, Native American leaders launched a crusade to force museums to return their sacred objects and allow them to rebury their kin. Today, hundreds of tribes use the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act to help them recover their looted heritage from museums across the country. As senior curator of anthropology at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Chip Colwell has navigated firsthand the questions of how to weigh the religious freedom of Native Americans against the academic freedom of scientists and whether the emptying of museum shelves elevates human rights or destroys a common heritage. Winner of the 2019 National Council on Public History Book Award, Plundered Skulls and Stolen Spirits: Inside the Fight to Reclaim Native America's Culture(University of Chicago Press, 2017) offers Colwell's personal account of the process of repatriation, following the trail of four objects as they were created, collected, and ultimately returned to their sources: a sculpture that is a living god, the scalp of a massacre victim, a ceremonial blanket, and a skeleton from a tribe considered by some to be extinct. These specific stories reveal a dramatic process that involves not merely obeying the law, but negotiating the blurry lines between identity and morality, spirituality and politics. Things, like people, have biographies. Repatriation, Colwell argues, is a difficult but vitally important way for museums and tribes to acknowledge that fact—and heal the wounds of the past while creating a respectful approach to caring for these rich artifacts of history. Ryan Tripp is adjunct history faculty for the College of Online and Continuing Education at Southern New Hampshire University. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Five decades ago, Native American leaders launched a crusade to force museums to return their sacred objects and allow them to rebury their kin. Today, hundreds of tribes use the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act to help them recover their looted heritage from museums across the country. As senior curator of anthropology at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Chip Colwell has navigated firsthand the questions of how to weigh the religious freedom of Native Americans against the academic freedom of scientists and whether the emptying of museum shelves elevates human rights or destroys a common heritage. Winner of the 2019 National Council on Public History Book Award, Plundered Skulls and Stolen Spirits: Inside the Fight to Reclaim Native America's Culture(University of Chicago Press, 2017) offers Colwell's personal account of the process of repatriation, following the trail of four objects as they were created, collected, and ultimately returned to their sources: a sculpture that is a living god, the scalp of a massacre victim, a ceremonial blanket, and a skeleton from a tribe considered by some to be extinct. These specific stories reveal a dramatic process that involves not merely obeying the law, but negotiating the blurry lines between identity and morality, spirituality and politics. Things, like people, have biographies. Repatriation, Colwell argues, is a difficult but vitally important way for museums and tribes to acknowledge that fact—and heal the wounds of the past while creating a respectful approach to caring for these rich artifacts of history. Ryan Tripp is adjunct history faculty for the College of Online and Continuing Education at Southern New Hampshire University. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Five decades ago, Native American leaders launched a crusade to force museums to return their sacred objects and allow them to rebury their kin. Today, hundreds of tribes use the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act to help them recover their looted heritage from museums across the country. As senior curator of anthropology at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Chip Colwell has navigated firsthand the questions of how to weigh the religious freedom of Native Americans against the academic freedom of scientists and whether the emptying of museum shelves elevates human rights or destroys a common heritage. Winner of the 2019 National Council on Public History Book Award, Plundered Skulls and Stolen Spirits: Inside the Fight to Reclaim Native America's Culture(University of Chicago Press, 2017) offers Colwell's personal account of the process of repatriation, following the trail of four objects as they were created, collected, and ultimately returned to their sources: a sculpture that is a living god, the scalp of a massacre victim, a ceremonial blanket, and a skeleton from a tribe considered by some to be extinct. These specific stories reveal a dramatic process that involves not merely obeying the law, but negotiating the blurry lines between identity and morality, spirituality and politics. Things, like people, have biographies. Repatriation, Colwell argues, is a difficult but vitally important way for museums and tribes to acknowledge that fact—and heal the wounds of the past while creating a respectful approach to caring for these rich artifacts of history. Ryan Tripp is adjunct history faculty for the College of Online and Continuing Education at Southern New Hampshire University. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Five decades ago, Native American leaders launched a crusade to force museums to return their sacred objects and allow them to rebury their kin. Today, hundreds of tribes use the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act to help them recover their looted heritage from museums across the country. As senior curator of anthropology at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Chip Colwell has navigated firsthand the questions of how to weigh the religious freedom of Native Americans against the academic freedom of scientists and whether the emptying of museum shelves elevates human rights or destroys a common heritage. Winner of the 2019 National Council on Public History Book Award, Plundered Skulls and Stolen Spirits: Inside the Fight to Reclaim Native America's Culture(University of Chicago Press, 2017) offers Colwell's personal account of the process of repatriation, following the trail of four objects as they were created, collected, and ultimately returned to their sources: a sculpture that is a living god, the scalp of a massacre victim, a ceremonial blanket, and a skeleton from a tribe considered by some to be extinct. These specific stories reveal a dramatic process that involves not merely obeying the law, but negotiating the blurry lines between identity and morality, spirituality and politics. Things, like people, have biographies. Repatriation, Colwell argues, is a difficult but vitally important way for museums and tribes to acknowledge that fact—and heal the wounds of the past while creating a respectful approach to caring for these rich artifacts of history. Ryan Tripp is adjunct history faculty for the College of Online and Continuing Education at Southern New Hampshire University. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Five decades ago, Native American leaders launched a crusade to force museums to return their sacred objects and allow them to rebury their kin. Today, hundreds of tribes use the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act to help them recover their looted heritage from museums across the country. As senior curator of anthropology at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Chip Colwell has navigated firsthand the questions of how to weigh the religious freedom of Native Americans against the academic freedom of scientists and whether the emptying of museum shelves elevates human rights or destroys a common heritage. Winner of the 2019 National Council on Public History Book Award, Plundered Skulls and Stolen Spirits: Inside the Fight to Reclaim Native America's Culture(University of Chicago Press, 2017) offers Colwell's personal account of the process of repatriation, following the trail of four objects as they were created, collected, and ultimately returned to their sources: a sculpture that is a living god, the scalp of a massacre victim, a ceremonial blanket, and a skeleton from a tribe considered by some to be extinct. These specific stories reveal a dramatic process that involves not merely obeying the law, but negotiating the blurry lines between identity and morality, spirituality and politics. Things, like people, have biographies. Repatriation, Colwell argues, is a difficult but vitally important way for museums and tribes to acknowledge that fact—and heal the wounds of the past while creating a respectful approach to caring for these rich artifacts of history. Ryan Tripp is adjunct history faculty for the College of Online and Continuing Education at Southern New Hampshire University. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Five decades ago, Native American leaders launched a crusade to force museums to return their sacred objects and allow them to rebury their kin. Today, hundreds of tribes use the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act to help them recover their looted heritage from museums across the country. As senior curator of anthropology at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Chip Colwell has navigated firsthand the questions of how to weigh the religious freedom of Native Americans against the academic freedom of scientists and whether the emptying of museum shelves elevates human rights or destroys a common heritage. Winner of the 2019 National Council on Public History Book Award, Plundered Skulls and Stolen Spirits: Inside the Fight to Reclaim Native America's Culture(University of Chicago Press, 2017) offers Colwell's personal account of the process of repatriation, following the trail of four objects as they were created, collected, and ultimately returned to their sources: a sculpture that is a living god, the scalp of a massacre victim, a ceremonial blanket, and a skeleton from a tribe considered by some to be extinct. These specific stories reveal a dramatic process that involves not merely obeying the law, but negotiating the blurry lines between identity and morality, spirituality and politics. Things, like people, have biographies. Repatriation, Colwell argues, is a difficult but vitally important way for museums and tribes to acknowledge that fact—and heal the wounds of the past while creating a respectful approach to caring for these rich artifacts of history. Ryan Tripp is adjunct history faculty for the College of Online and Continuing Education at Southern New Hampshire University. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Native Opinion Episode 163 UNDER THE COVER OF DARKNESS How To Reach Our Show: E-Mail: hosts@nativeopinion.com Twitter: @nativeopinion Facebook: facebook.com/nativeopinionpodcast/ Our Website: nativeopinion.com Our Youtube Channel: https://www.Youtube.com/c/NativeOpinion _______________________________________________________________ CALL OUR SHOW! Click or Tap to call: 860–800–5595 Listen LIVE every Saturday Morning, 9am Eastern Standard Time Through Our Website or via the SPREAKER APP SUBSCRIBE to our Podcast! Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher, i-Heart Radio, Spotify Radio Public or wherever you get your favorite podcasts from… __________________________________________________________________ PLEASE help grow our show! Share us with your friends!. Tell folks you heard about something on Native Opinion, or give us a review in i-tunes or on Facebook! It truly does help our show get discovered! ________________________________________________________ EPISODE SUMMARY: We introduce a new weekly segment called “America…Examples of Racism” a feature which focuses on high profile examples of Racism across the United States. Native Stories in this weeks episode include: The Trump Administration anticipated lack of support for Border wall funding, and utilized the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to waive The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, (NAGPRA) and other laws to fund the border wall. How could that have been done without some kind of resistance? Republican Representative Tom Cole (Chickasaw Nation) is taking heat for not supporitng a resolution that rebukes President Donald Trump for declaring a national emergency along the U.S. border with Mexico, and Native Twitter was not happy… The top Republican on the Judiciary Committee, Rep. Bob Goodlatte of Virginia, who is retiring at the end of the year, refused to vote in support of Savannah’s act, a law that would have provided much needed support nation wide in providing resources to tribes and local law enforcement in processing Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women cases. One man stopped all of this… we dicuss… And finally, over 2000 Native American remains were found in the home of a Indiana man. Why are some American Archaeological enthusiests facinated with keeping the bones of our ancestors? Music featured in this episode is from Black Fire. Plus our Listener feedback & Voicemail The Native Opinon theme song “Honor The People” is by Casper Loma Da Wa. FIND THE SONG AND MORE OF HIS MUSIC HERE: ________________________________________________________ ARTICLES DISCUSSED IN THIS EPISODE. Coal plant owners, tribe at impasse over takeover of plant. The Trump Administration Is Waiving 25 Laws to Build a New Bit of ‘Wall’. DHS Issues Waiver to Expedite Border Construction Project in Hidalgo County, Texas. The “Rescinding DHS’ Waiver Authority for Border Wall Act” As Introduced by Representative Kathleen Rice (D-NY). Rep. Tom Cole complained about a one-page bill and #NativeTwitter roasted him for it. Native American remains among 2,000 bones found at Indiana home containing 42,000 artifacts. NATIVE AMERICAN WOMEN ARE DISAPPEARING. WHY IS NOTHING BEING DONE?. __________________________________________________ RESOURCES REGARIDNG COHEN TESTIMONY __________________________________________________ House Intel Will Call Trump Org Moneyman Allen Weisselberg To Testify. 1.) 18 U.S. Code § 208.Acts affecting a personal financial interest. 2.) 18 U.S. Code § 216.Penalties and injunctions. 3.) 18 U.S. Code § 202.Definitions. 4.) 18 U.S. Code § 203.Compensation to Members of Congress, officers, and others in matters affecting the Government. 5.) 18 U.S. Code § 205.Activities of officers and employees in claims against and other matters affecting the Government. 6.) 18 U.S. Code § 207.Restrictions on former officers, employees, and elected officials of the executive and legislative branches. 7.) Morgan Lewis Law Firm. Bio: Sheri A. Dillon, Partner. P ________________________________________________________ MAIN CONTENT SEGMENTS Native Sun News Today: Oyate Today television show reaches broader audience. Native Sun News Today: Campaign focuses on missing and murdered sisters. Retiring House Republican is holding up bill aimed at protecting Native American women. The Unlikely Success of Edmonia Lewis, a Black Sculptor in 19th-Century America. __________________________________________________ MUSIC PRESENTED IN THIS EPISODE ARTIST: Blackfire TRACK: NDN Alien BIO: BLACKFIRE is comprised of two brothers and their sister Jeneda, Clayson and Klee Benally. Born into the heart of a political land dispute area on Black Mesa in the Navajo Nation, this family’s powerful music reflects the Hopes, Freedoms, and Barriers of today’s world. BLACKFIRE’s style encompasses traditional Native American, Punk-Rock and “Alter-Native” music and bears strong socio-political messages regarding government oppression, relocation of indigenous people, eco-cide, genocide, domestic violence and human rights VISIT THIER WEBSITE. ________________________________________________________ Kutupitush! (Thank You!) for listening!  

On this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys start off talking about the Large Hadron Collider, a 17-mile superconducting machine designed to smash protons together at close to the speed of light, went offline overnight. Engineers investigating the mishap found the charred remains of a furry creature near a gnawed-through power cable. Then, nimble-fingered robots that exactly mimic the movements of a human hand could soon be used to help decommission nuclear power stations. Remote-controlled robots with hand-like manipulators are used in many situations that are difficult or dangerous for humans, such as bomb disposal. Then, a Kansas witness at Clearwater recalled a UFO incident from the 60s when she and two family members had an encounter with a disc-shaped UFO that shot a beam of light inside their vehicle. Then, the ancient skeleton known as Kennewick Man is related to modern Native American tribes, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers said Wednesday, opening the process for returning to a tribe for burial one of the oldest and most complete set of bones ever found in North America. The Northwestern Division of the corps said its decision was based on a review of new information, particularly recently published DNA and skeletal analyses. The corps, which owns the remains, said the skeleton is now covered by the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. After the break, Kyle brings up one of the most mysterious missing person cases ever "D.B. Cooper". To this day, no one knows his real name but on Nov. 24, 1971, everyone in America was talking about the mysterious man who called himself D.B. Cooper. That day, Cooper hijacked Northwest Airlines Flight 305 and its 36 passengers using a briefcase that he said contained a bomb. He was never seen again! Thanks for listening to Expanded Perspectives. Have a great week! Show Notes: Weasel Apparently Shuts Down World's Most Powerful Particle Collider Large Hadron Collider Nimble fingered Robot Hands could help Clean Up Nuclear Waste Kansas disc UFO beams light into Witness Vehicle Corps Determines Kennewick Man is Native American D.B. Cooper  Skyjack: The Hunt for D.B. Cooper D.B. Cooper: The Real McCoy Into The Blast: The True Story of D.B. Cooper Music: All music for Expanded Perspectives is provided with permission by Pretty Lights! Purchase, Download and Donate at www.prettylightsmusic.com Songs Used: Pretty Lights vs. Led Zeppelin Empty Station Stay Kanye West All of the Lights

Guests are Hickory Ground Warrior Wayland Gray, Suzan Shown Harjo of Morning Star Institute, Rob Trepp of Tulsa Indian Art Festival.  The Poarch Band Creek of Indians desecrated a sacred site.  The Poarch Band has a $246 million casino expansion project underway and dug up almost 60 sets of Muscogee ancestors during the ground preparation. Gray and two other Muscogee Nation citizens and a Cherokee Nation AIM member were arrested last February by Poarch police and charged with criminal trespassing when they tried to access the site to conduct a ceremony.   Gray was also accused by Poarch police with making a “terrorist threat”—a charged that was dropped in May after a Grand Jury found no evidence to support it. The trespassing charges against the other three men were dropped in June. But Gray declined an offer to plea bargain. Hickory Ground (Oce Vpofv) is a parcel of sacred land located at Wetumpka, Alabama, which includes a ceremonial ground, burial sites and individual graves belonging to ancestors of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation. After Hickory Ground was obtained with federal funds under the pretense of historic preservation, approximately 60 sets of human remains and funerary objects were exhumed in violation of federal law and in violation of lineal descendants' rights under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.  In 2010, the descendant members of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation of Oklahoma requested their ancestors to be reinterred where they were excavated.In April 2012, the Poarch Band of Creek Indians, exhumed the remains, and reburied them elsewhere, to construct a $246 million casino at Hickory Ground. The initial opening of the Casino occurs on December 17th.  http://www.savehickorygroun  

Walter Echo-Hawk is a Native American attorney, tribal judge, author, activist, and law professor.  He represents Indian tribes on important legal issues, such as treaty rights, water rights, religious freedom, prisoner rights, and repatriation rights. His career spans the pivotal years when Indian tribes reclaimed their land, sovereignty, and pride in a stride toward freedom. As a Native American rights attorney since 1973, Walter worked at the epicenter of a great social movement alongside visionary tribal leaders, visited tribes in indigenous habitats throughout North America, and was instrumental in the passage of landmark laws—such as, the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (1990) and the American Indian Religious Freedom Act Amendments (1994). He litigated in many of the epic struggles and has written extensively about the rise of modern Indian nations as a Native American author with first-hand experience, most recently in his new groundbreaking book, In the Courts of the Conqueror: The 10 Worst Indian Law Cases Ever Decided (2010). Walter speaks extensively and appears in film and radio to educate the American public about tribal life, culture, and indigenous justice. He is currently on a national book tour for his new book, and appeared in "The Development of NAGPRA," a new film about the Native American repatriation movement produced by the National Park Service in 2010, and several national radio programs. Always thought-provoking, inspirational, and sometimes provocative, he explains complex issues in a professional, but easily-understood style. www.walterechohawk.com