Podcasts about Aeronautics

Hotel Mars, #4449 with Rick Fisher as guest, Wednesday, Oct. 22,2025:Brief program summary:The Hotel Mars team discussed the US Acceleration of the Moon Race Against China. Guest Rick Fisher, John and David discussed how the US moon race is accelerating, driven by President Trump's demand to land on the moon by 2028 and concerns that China, using the Long March 10 booster, might get there by 2029. Interim NASA Director Sean Duffy reopened the lunar lander contract, previously held by SpaceX's Starship, to Blue Origin and potentially Lockheed Martin, seeking multiple pathways. The Chinese space program is viewed as a strategic maneuver aimed at distracting the US from other global conflicts.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4455 ZOOM: Arkisys CEO David Barnhart | Sunday 02 Nov 2025 1200PM PTGuests:ZOOM, Dave Barnhart, CEO of Arkisys updates us with interesting news and developments Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

The Space Show presents Phil Swan, Friday, 10-24-25Quick recapThe program focused on economic and technological aspects of space exploration, particularly Mars voyages, with Phil Swan presenting his analysis of kinetic energy costs and the need for long-term strategic planning. The discussion covered various propulsion technologies, cost considerations for different rocket systems, and the potential for in-situ resource utilization on Mars. The group explored concepts like mass drivers, lunar industries, and the economic viability of Mars cyclers, while emphasizing the importance of developing cost-effective solutions for human space travel and long-term settlement on Mars and the Moon.Detailed Summary: Phil Swan, the lead principal engineer for the Atlantis project, presented his recent Mars Society Conference talk, focusing on the economic aspects of kinetic energy for Mars voyages. He emphasized the need for a long-term strategy that makes Mars valuable to humanity, beyond just the initial journey. The discussion touched on the historical reluctance to use terms like “colonization” due to negative connotations, and Phil noted the importance of understanding the economics of kinetic energy in space travel. The program also included updates on podcast availability and ways to support the Space Show.Phil discussed the importance of developing a sophisticated space strategy that combines high-level merit with institutional capacity to support it. He compared humanity's expansion across Earth to potential space exploration, noting that exponential thinking is necessary to set realistic goals and expectations for space travel. Phil emphasized the need to apply exponential thinking to space problems rather than relying on linear thinking, as this approach could lead to more accurate timelines for reaching celestial destinations like the Moon and Mars.Phil referenced the technological advancements required to reach the Moon and Mars, highlighting the Lunar Orbit Rendezvous as a pivotal innovation. He emphasized the need for new technologies to enable human settlement on Mars and addressed the challenge of long-term value recognition for such endeavors. Our guest proposed a staged approach to Mars exploration, outlining key stages like “Boots on Mars,” “Research Outpost,” “Expansionist Drive,” and “Keystone Industries,” each with its value proposition and enablers. He concluded by identifying the high cost of interplanetary transportation as a significant barrier to progress, emphasizing the need for cost-effective solutions to make Mars exploration feasible.The group discussed the concept of Mars cyclers, with Phil explaining that they would serve as infrastructure for repeated Mars travel, though questions remained about their economic viability and technical feasibility. They explored the idea of self-sustaining biospheres on Mars cyclers and Mars bases, with Phil noting that technology would play a crucial role in maintaining these environments. The discussion concluded with Phil addressing the question of Mars's independence, comparing it to the interdependence between continents and suggesting that Mars would eventually become more self-supporting over time, though it would initially rely on supplies from Earth.We also discussed the need for more advanced propulsion technologies beyond chemical rockets, such as nuclear plasma or fusion rockets, to enable more efficient space travel. Phil highlighted the challenge of securing funding for long-term space exploration projects compared to immediate investments like Starlink, attributing this to society's short-term focus. Marshall and Phil agreed that governments might be better at making long-term investments, while David noted cultural differences in budgeting practices, particularly between the U.S. and China. Phil suggested that future space missions could serve as a test to compare different economic and political systems, similar to the Cold War moon race, which he argued was won by the American free-market system. John Hunt observed that the lack of competition from the Russian space program in the 1970s led to a reduction in space technology development in the U.S.Our guest presented a slide showing the delta V requirements for various destinations in the solar system, emphasizing the need for cheaper and faster transportation methods. He discussed the potential for using aerobraking and the economic benefits of lunar industries producing products for low Earth orbit. John Jossy suggested considering near-Earth asteroids for mining, which Phil acknowledged as a viable option with lower delta V requirements. The group also touched on the economics of low Earth orbit and the potential for lunar materials to be used in space industries.Phil explained the concept of delta-v and air braking, noting that while aero braking reduces the need for fuel, some mass is still required for the heat shield and other landing equipment. He discussed a paper titled “Cost vs. Delta V” that outlines the methodology for converting air braking delta-v into an equivalent rocket-based delta-v. Phil then presented a graph illustrating the relationship between delta-v and cost per kilogram for various missions, highlighting that costs scale exponentially with delta-v requirements. He noted that reusable rockets and infrastructure-based solutions could potentially reduce costs and provided examples of how different launch systems performed compared to the cost curve.The group discussed the cost-effectiveness of different rocket technologies, particularly comparing the Space Launch System (SLS) to Falcon Heavy. Phil noted that while Falcon Heavy was slightly more cost-competitive for some missions, SLS was still a viable technology that offered good value for its Delta V capabilities. John Hunt highlighted the issue of low production quantities for SLS, which limited cost savings from experience curve effects. The discussion concluded with an examination of Mars mission costs, with Phil presenting estimates for sending humans to Mars, including the cost of crew, provisions, and life support systems.Phil presented a detailed analysis of Mars mission costs, highlighting that a round-trip mission would cost $38 trillion, but could be reduced to $2.7 trillion through in-situ resource utilization and a Mars propellant plant. The discussion clarified that the Europa Clipper mission was launched by Falcon Heavy, not SLS, and Phil agreed to review the cost numbers later. Phil also explained the energy efficiency advantages of mass drivers compared to rockets, suggesting that Mars should consider implementing mass drivers for future space operations.Phil then presented a detailed analysis of mass drivers, discussing their potential for Mars and Earth-based applications. He explained the physics and economics of mass drivers, highlighting their cost advantages over rockets for Mars missions. The group discussed technical challenges, including G-forces and atmospheric entry, with Phil addressing concerns about safety zones and aiming. The conversation ended with a brief discussion on human transportation to Mars, noting the need for further exploration of options beyond cargo transport.Our guest discussed the challenges of improving human space travel to Mars, focusing on reducing costs and enhancing comfort and safety. He suggested increasing the mass budget, improving ecosystems, and using more efficient propulsion methods like mass drivers. David inquired about nuclear propulsion, but Phil explained that it may not be practical due to the weight of radiators compared to solar panels. They also discussed the limitations of current mass driver technologies, such as SpinLaunch, which can only replace the first stage of a rocket and cannot achieve the necessary delta V for Mars travel. Phil emphasized the need for a 1,000-fold cost reduction to enable long-term human settlement on Mars and the Moon.As we were moving to the end of the program, Phil discussed the challenges and inefficiencies of using aircraft carrier electromagnetic catapults for launching rockets into space, explaining that such systems would be too expensive and impractical compared to traditional rockets. He also explored the concept of linear motor launchers for space travel, noting that while they could potentially compete with rockets for long-distance missions like Mars travel, they are not cost-effective for low Earth orbit missions. The discussion highlighted the importance of developing a long-term strategy for lunar and Martian exploration, as well as the need for better institutional and public evaluation of complex space travel ideas.Audio is posted at www.thespaceshow.com for this date and Substack, doctorspace.substack.com. Video is also posted on the Substack site for this program.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4455 ZOOM: Arkisys CEO David Barnhart | Sunday 02 Nov 2025 1200PM PTGuests:ZOOM, Dave Barnhart, CEO of Arkisys updates us with interesting news and developments Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Quick recap: The program began with a focus on Neil Armstrong's academic background and connections to USC, including his completed coursework and potential master's degree, as well as his compensation as a NASA civil servant. The discussion concluded with an examination of space engineering education and industry practices, including the balance between government oversight and contractor responsibility, and the challenges of returning to the moon and planning future space missions. We were joined by Marshall Martin, Phil Swan, John Hunt and Dr. Ajay Kothari.I hosted this Space Show program featuring Dr. Mike Gruntman, who discussed his latest book about Neil Armstrong's connection to USC. Gruntman revealed that Armstrong, while serving in the Navy during the Korean War, took courses at USC from 1955-1962, eventually completing all coursework for a master's degree in aeronautics except for his thesis, which he never completed due to his NASA commitments. I also announced upcoming programs with Phil Swan, and Bill Gowan as well as a special day Halloween show featuring Dr. Sharma from Cedars-Sinai discussing their 3D printing of cardiac tissue and new space medical lab research unit.Mike discussed the history of the Apollo program, focusing on Neil Armstrong's involvement with Purdue University. He detailed Armstrong's earned Master of Science degree and shared insights from his personal archives, including his grades and the content of his lecture at USC on the moon landing. Mike also highlighted the significant workforce reduction following the Apollo program and the practice of bringing in top industrial talent to lead NASA projects, which he suggested could be relevant for future space missions. He drew a link to workforce reductions planned for NASA at this time.I informed Mike and the audience about Roger Launius upcoming appearance as a guest on their space show program on November 7th. Mike shared interesting findings about Neil Armstrong's compensation as a NASA civil servant in 1969, which was significantly higher than Michael Collins's salary as the latter was still in the military. They discussed Armstrong's academic background and his desire to become a professor, as well as his contributions to NASA and his subsequent career as a university professor. Marshall commented on the astronauts' reputation for being “rock-hard” test pilots, and Mike explained NASA's development of a lunar lander research vehicle and simulator for training astronauts to land on the moon.Mike discussed the unique space engineering department at USC, highlighting its success and the contributions of its students. He mentioned that Buzz Aldrin visited the campus several times, inspiring students. Mike also shared insights into the history of the Apollo program and the impact it had on the aerospace industry. David inquired about the current mood regarding the Artemis program at USC, to which Mike responded that faculty opinions vary, with most not having detailed knowledge of the program.Mike discussed the evolution of space engineering education and industry practices, highlighting the shift from performance-driven government programs to financially-driven commercial space initiatives. He explained that while commercial space has grown to be six times larger than government space worldwide, government programs remain crucial for technological advancement and fundamental research. Mike emphasized that both approaches are necessary, as government programs provide the performance-driven environment needed for technological innovation, while commercial space drives cost efficiency and rapid development.Mike discussed the balance between government oversight and contractor responsibility in space exploration, drawing on Apollo-era practices where NASA maintained discipline while granting significant autonomy to contractors like Grumman. He noted that today's government centers have varying levels of expertise, with some being effective while others are ossified, making it challenging to remove ineffective parts without harming the whole. Mike also compared Soviet space programs' heavy bureaucratic oversight with the U.S. approach, suggesting that while Soviet control could prevent fraud, it often stifled innovation. He concluded that while there are no easy solutions, NASA needs to make clear decisions about lunar exploration and contractor roles, particularly given SpaceX's current delays in meeting launch schedules.Mike discussed the challenges and considerations for returning to the moon, emphasizing the need for a strategic plan that could include a lunar gateway for long-term infrastructure. He highlighted the importance of strong leadership and the influence of politics on space programs, noting that NASA should provide a feasibility assessment for any mission. Mike expressed optimism about long-term lunar exploration but expressed concerns about the lack of investment in technologies like artificial gravity and nuclear reactors, which are crucial for sustained human presence on the moon and future Mars missions. He suggested prioritizing a return to the moon before attempting a direct trip to Mars, as it could serve as a stepping stone for future exploration.The discussion focused on space exploration and the challenges of congressional oversight. Dr. Gruntman, a space expert, explained how SpaceX's approach to rapid development and testing, reminiscent of NASA's George Mueller's strategy in the 1960s, differs from traditional government methods. They discussed the importance of the Lunar Orbit Rendezvous strategy in enabling the moon landing. John raised concerns about potential delays in Elon Musk's Mars colonization plans due to on-orbit refueling challenges. The group also discussed the need for better congressional oversight of space programs, with David questioning how to educate lawmakers on space issues. Mike noted that professional societies could play a role but have become politicized. The conversation concluded with a brief discussion about the Mars Society presentation scheduled for Friday by Phil Swan who participated in this program today.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4450 ZOOM Phil Swan | Friday 24 Oct 2025 930AM PTGuests: Phil SwanZoom: Phil talks about going to Mars with kinetic energyBroadcast 4451 Zoom OPEN LINES | Saturday 25 Oct 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David Livingston, The Space Show Zoom Team & Zoom callersZOOM Open Lines discussion Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Brief Summary:John Batchelor and I welcomed our guest, Anatoly Zak of the RussianSpaceWeb.com. Anatoly updated us regarding the continued Russian debates about orbits and costs for a new space station after the ISS is deorbited. Anatoly Zak went into detail about Roscosmos facing challenging questions over the orbit of its new space station, considering both a low-inclination 51-degree orbit or a more expensive near-polar orbit. Our guest outlined the pluses and negatives for both choices. The polar orbit offers an valuable strategic Arctic observation but increases radiation risk and reduces the all important payload capacity for such a mission. Russia's economic realities given the war in Ukraine and sanctions may force Roscosmos to take the cheaper 51-degree orbit, even possibly using existing ISS infrastructure, to ensure an operational station for cosmonauts by 2031. Don't miss this two part discussion what Russia is considering post ISS. Do check out www.russianspaceweb.com for all the space news, both current and historical, for the Russian space program.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4450 ZOOM Phil Swan | Friday 24 Oct 2025 930AM PTGuests: Phil SwanZoom: Phil talks about going to Mars with kinetic energyBroadcast 4451 Zoom OPEN LINES | Saturday 25 Oct 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David Livingston, The Space Show Zoom Team & Zoom callersZOOM Open Lines discussion Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

In this episode, the gang talks about BEST, Spain, gliders, and Wings Over Houston. BEST (2:00) Spain (51:30) Scobee (1:21:00) WOH (1:30:30) Watch this episode on YouTube BEST Museum of Aeronautics and Astronautics in Madrid, Spain Wings Over Houston

Quick Summary: The program focused on discussing space architecture developments over the past 18 years, including the impact of reduced launch costs and the current state of lunar mission initiatives. The conversation covered technical details of lunar construction projects, including power requirements, reactor deployment, and the development of construction equipment and materials for moon bases. The discussion concluded with an overview of funding sources, regulatory challenges, and educational programs related to lunar exploration, emphasizing the importance of NASA partnerships and commercial opportunities in space infrastructure development. Joining us in the program were John Jossy, John Hunt, Bill Gowan, Marshall Martin, and Dr. Ajay Kotari.David and Sam discussed the significant changes in space architecture over the past 18 years since he was first a guest on The Space Show. Sam highlighted the reduction in launch costs as a key enabler. Sam explained his focus on using plant material for industrial processes like 3D printing on the moon. The discussion concluded with an overview of upcoming Space Show programs and a reminder about listener-supported fundraising efforts including Substack subscriptions.Sam discussed the significant impact of reduced launch costs on space exploration, highlighting SpaceX's role in this development. He expressed concerns about the U.S. lagging behind China in lunar missions and emphasized the importance of maintaining a strong pace in space leadership. Sam also detailed Astroport's efforts to build moon ports, including the development of a 15-acre testbed in Midland, Texas (west Texas) to simulate lunar conditions for testing construction and engineering techniques. He stressed the need for further research into civil engineering and geotechnics for moon base construction, as well as the importance of cargo complement and autonomous construction technology.We talked quite a bit about landing pads and Sam showed creative videos of their lunar development, construction and land pad plans via Zoom screen sharing. Sam explained that while the Artemis III landing pad is planned for the 2030s, their fusion surface power program might require building the power reactor foundation first, which would involve bringing construction equipment in the first landing. They are developing a brick bot as a technology demonstrator to be launched by 2028, and while they have some interface with Starship, they are not directly working with them. Sam emphasized the importance of standardized containerized cargo for logistics, Our Space Show program team asked about the power requirements for various tasks, noting that NASA mentions 100 kilowatts but questioning if more power would be needed for activities like sintering regolith and building roads.Sam also explained the power requirements for their lunar construction project, noting that while 20 kilowatts is sufficient for brickmaking, more power is needed for other tasks. He described plans to use portable solar power towers to generate energy for rovers and construction equipment, with potential suppliers including Astrobotic and Honeybee. Our guest also emphasized that they would act as general contractors, subcontracting various components to partners like Astrobotic for mobility platforms and other utilities. He concluded by showing an additional video of the construction layout and deployment process for the reactor and associated equipment.We discussed the development of lunar landing pads give I asked him to describe one in detail. Sam said that they would be 100 meters in diameter with a 50-meter target landing area and a 25-meter apron. He described the construction materials, including interlocking bricks that are 50 millimeters thick, and highlighted challenges in creating bricks in a vacuum environment due to outgassing. He also presented their work on material science, including the use of biomass to create 3D-printed tiles and the development of an excavator with interchangeable implements for lunar construction.Our guest explained the system architecture for a brick-making demonstration on the moon, aiming to combine multiple processes into one platform to create bricks in a vacuum by 2028. He described a subscale vibrating compactor being developed and its power requirements. The group discussed the layout for a lunar base, including the need to place a nuclear reactor over a kilometer away from the habitation zone for radiation protection and to prevent blast effects from affecting assets. John Jossy questioned why the initial landing couldn't be closer to the reactor site, but Sam clarified that the initial landing would be automated and not intended for return, with the goal of establishing a permanent outpost. Radiation exposure was a reason and safety measure were being carefully planned and designed into the project.The team discussed the logistics of deploying a nuclear reactor and associated equipment on the moon, focusing on the challenges of cargo capacity and the need to bring multiple pieces of equipment for both the reactor and landing pad construction. They explored options for power transmission, including the possibility of wireless power transmission, and discussed additional radiation protection measures, with Marshall suggesting the use of topology and walls to shield the reactor. Sam mentioned their work on the Lido mission in the Marius Hills area, which includes developing technologies for accessing and utilizing lava tubes, though these are not currently present at the South Pole site being considered.I asked about his sources o funding and if he was already generating revenue. Sam explained that Astroport is funded through NASA contracts and DOD contracts, with revenue generated through R&D, and they are preparing for Phase 3 funding next year. The team discussed reactor options, with John Hunt suggesting a pebble bed reactor, and Sam noted they will follow NASA's chosen provider for the reactor. I inquired about his regulatory issues and challenges for putting equipment on the Moon and developing it much like the development of a large r/e project here on Earth. Sam mentioned regulatory and legal challenges for lunar operations, including the need for state government sanction and licensing, while John Hunt raised concerns about radiation exposure during human landings, which our guest suggested could be addressed by shutting down the reactor temporarily.Sam discussed the progress and challenges of developing lunar infrastructure in collaboration with Orbit Fab, focusing on water supply and fuel processing. He highlighted the need for further research on lunar dust impact on machinery and potential partnerships with humanoid robotic companies.Before concluding, I asked Sam to discuss his nonprofit WEX Foundation for middle school stem programs. I also stated I would like to do a separate Space Show program focused on WEX. Sam shared insights into the WEX Foundation's STEM education program, which aims to engage middle school students in space exploration. Listen to the program which he described in some detail.Our discussion concluded with a conversation about the logistics and funding of lunar missions, with Sam emphasizing the importance of NASA as an anchor customer and the potential for commercial customers in the future.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Upcoming ShowsBroadcast 4448 ZOOM Dr. Mike Gruntman | Tuesday 21 Oct 2025 700PM PTGuests: Dr. Mike GruntmanZoom: Mike talks about his new book, “Neil Armstrong at USC and on the Moon”Broadcast 4449: Hotel Mars with Homer Hickam | Wednesday 22 Oct 2025 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David Livingston, Homer HickamHome Hickam is the Hotel Mars guest this weekBroadcast 4450 ZOOM Phil Swan | Friday 24 Oct 2025 930AM PTGuests: Phil SwanZoom: Phil talks about going to Mars with kinetic energyBroadcast 4451 Zoom OPEN LINES | Saturday 25 Oct 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David Livingston, The Space Show Zoom Team & Zoom callersZOOM Open Lines discussion Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Please note that due to our 501C3 status with One Giant Leap Foundation, all donation, subscriptions and gifts must go through PayPal, Zelle or by check to The Space Show in Las Vegas. See the large PayPal button on our website home page, www.thespaceshow.com for details these supporting ways to help The Space Show. We are working to be an approved nonprofit for Substack support but the process is tedious and lengthy. In the meantime, we do ask for and need your support.Quick summary: Our program explored lunar exploration and habitation concepts, focusing on lava tubes and the challenges of robotic mapping and structural analysis. The discussion concluded with conversations about lunar transportation, power requirements, and the importance of maintaining public interest in space exploration, while also touching on the role of AI in education and research.David and John Jossy discussed personal matters, including John's upcoming meeting with his son and David's struggles with overeating. They briefly touched on political topics, such as the upcoming New Jersey governor's race and concerns about New York City's direction. Haym joined later and shared his focus on lunar lava tubes, including their structure and potential for habitation, but noted he hadn't made any new progress on habitats recently. Space Show Zoom participants included Dr. Charles Lurio, John Hunt, John Jossy, Marshall Martin, Dr. Ajay Kothari, and Joe Pistritto.I announced upcoming guests for the space show, including Sam Ximenes who is the founder and CEO of Astroport Space, Mike Gruntman, and Homer Hickam for the next Hotel Mars program. I also discussed progress on getting podcasts back on various platforms and the challenges of accepting donations through Substack due to our nonprofit status. Dr. Haym Benaroya, a mechanical engineering professor at Rutgers University, was introduced as the guest for the day, having previously appeared on the show and authored books on lunar exploration.Haym reported strong student interest in space and lunar engineering at Rutgers, with many students pursuing independent research projects and finding placement at companies like SpaceX, Blue Origin, and NASA. He teaches both undergraduate and graduate courses in spacecraft and mission design, and while he hasn't pursued commercial work himself, he is interested in studying lunar lava tubes as a logical progression from his previous lunar habitat research. His current research focuses on the structural stability of lava tubes, particularly examining the trade-offs between pressurized and unpressurized tubes, which serves as a valuable training ground for students.Our Zoom Space Show participants in this program, along with Dr. Benaroya, discussed lunar habitat options, with Haym explaining that lava tubes would be more suitable for third-generation habitats due to access and infrastructure challenges. Haym suggested that initial lunar structures would likely be cylindrical pressure vessels or inflatable modules that could be pre-constructed and shielded with regolith, with 3D printing as a future possibility once energy and robotic capabilities improve. Marshall raised the need for an exploratory rover to map lava tubes, with Haym confirming that some students have developed small-scale models with LiDAR equipment for this purpose.The group discussed the exploration and potential habitation of lunar lava tubes, emphasizing the need for robotic technology to assess their structural stability and safety. Haym and others highlighted the challenges of robotics on the Moon due to factors like regolith and radiation, suggesting a high reliance on robotics but acknowledging their complexity. Marshall mentioned the use of seismic technology to map lava tubes, while Joe referenced a presentation on a tethered rover concept for exploration. The conversation also touched on the balance between human and robotic efforts in preparing lava tubes for habitation, with Haym suggesting a significant robotic presence. David asked about the feasibility of similar efforts on Mars, and Haym noted that while gravity might differ, many challenges would remain similar.We continued talking about the potential for lava tubes on the Moon and their possible water content, with Haym noting that while water could theoretically accumulate in tubes, it would be a longer process than in permanently shadowed regions. They explored the temperature conditions in lava tubes, with Haym citing a source that suggested temperatures around 63 degrees Fahrenheit, though the accuracy of this measurement in a vacuum environment was questioned. The conversation then shifted to the need for lunar landing pads, with David raising the question of current technological readiness and the necessary robotic construction methods, emphasizing the need for structural analysis and material selection.We did focus on the challenges and potential solutions for lunar landing pads, including their structural stability and regolith displacement. Haym highlighted concerns about the instability of tall rockets landing on the moon and proposed two classes of landing sites: sintering the surface or using ceramic-like plates. John Jossy mentioned Ethos Space's work on a regolith compacting device, though David noted their timeline was far off into the future. The conversation also touched on the need for engineering tests and inspections for lunar infrastructure while suggesting that Sam, our upcoming Sunday guest, could provide insights on regolith-based landing pads. The discussion concluded with a consensus that energy, particularly fission energy, would be crucial for mapping lava tubes and other lunar activities.We continued with a discussion of power requirements for lunar and Martian bases, while noting that the current proposed nuclear power is sufficient for now, future needs will require megawatt-scale power. They agreed that cables would be the simplest method to transport power to construction sites, though Marshall emphasized the uncertainty of permanent vs. temporary needs on the moon. The discussion concluded with predictions about lunar missions, with Haym and others expressing confidence that China will send a person to the moon within 5-8 years, while Joe noted uncertainty about American lunar missions in the same timeframe.The group discussed various concepts for lunar transportation, including maglev trains and rovers, but noted that current U.S. lunar ambitions lack key components like a lander and the Gateway station, which was revived by Sen. Cruz for Artemis missions 4 and 5. They debated the status of Boeing's Starliner and Orion programs, with Orion being considered in good shape despite some heat shield issues, while NASA is exploring alternative rocket options like Starship, New Glenn, or Falcon Heavy. The discussion concluded with David raising the importance of communicating the value of lunar missions to the general public, emphasizing the need for clear benefits that could be realized within a reasonable timeframe.Zoom participants along with Haym talked up the benefits of lunar exploration, with Haym explaining that while students are excited by the prospect of space activities, the long-term economic benefits could include advancements in civilian technology, a lunar-based economy, and access to helium-3 for fusion reactions. Ajay noted that the excitement factor, similar to Hollywood, is important for public engagement, while Haym mentioned potential medical benefits of conducting cancer research in lunar gravity. The discussion highlighted that while immediate benefits might not be apparent, the cumulative economic and technological impacts over 50-100 years could significantly benefit society.The group discussed the potential for mining lunar resources and the importance of maintaining public interest in space exploration. They agreed that frequent and exciting missions, such as those involving lava tubes or live broadcasts, could help generate public enthusiasm. Joe noted that the Eclipse missions might be more exciting than Artemis, while Marshall mentioned the high viewership of the Starship test flight. When asked, Haym shared how artificial intelligence is being used in his spacecraft course to help students produce polished summaries of papers, reducing their workload.Haym discussed the integration of AI in education and research, sharing his experience with using AI tools to assist in teaching and conducting research. He highlighted the potential of AI to accelerate research processes and optimize habitat design, emphasizing the need for human oversight to guide AI's capabilities. John Jossy brought up the work of the Purdue University's Brazilian Extraterrestrial Habitats Institute on automating habitats and using AI for design, which Haym acknowledged as impressive. The group discussed the rapid pace of AI development and its potential to transform future technology, including its application in space missions. David asked about the path from academic theories and projects to real-world lunar missions, but the response was vague.Haym emphasized the need for affordable lunar missions to test technologies in the actual lunar environment, highlighting the importance of both commercial and governmental efforts. He noted that while small landers have made progress, costs remain a significant challenge. Haym also discussed his previous work, including his books on space exploration and lunar habitats, and shared insights on AI in academic writing. The conversation concluded with a discussion about unidentified aerial phenomena (UAPs), where Haym expressed skepticism about the technology claims but acknowledged the possibility of extraterrestrial origins.The conversation ended with participants expressing appreciation for the discussion and format, and David announced the next meeting with Sam on Sunday. Haym and others shared positive feedback on the new Space Show format, and David highlighted the challenges posed by AI, including its impact on website security and data privacy. Charles and Joe discussed the broader implications of AI on the web, with Charles noting the degradation of web content and Joe emphasizing the technological battle between defenders and attackers. David expressed frustration with the costs and technical challenges of defending against AI-driven attacks, and the group agreed on the need for ongoing vigilance and adaptation.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4447: ZOOM Sam Ximenes of Astroport Space Technologies | Sunday 19 Oct 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Sam XimenesZoom: CEO & Founder of Astroport Space Tech, Sam Ximenes, is with us to discuss their lunar work, his being featured by National Geographic and more. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Please note that due to our 501C3 status with One Giant Leap Foundation, all donation, subcriptions and gifts must go through PayPal, Zelle or by check to The Space Show in Las Vegas. See the large PayPal button on our website home page, www.thespaceshow.com for details these supporting ways to help The Space Show. We are working to be an approved nonprofit for Substack support but the process is tedious and lengthy. In the meantime, we do ask for and need your support.We talked about a a space-themed presentation about multi-planetary topics and artificial gravity research. We explored various aspects of space colonization, including the challenges of low gravity environments, the feasibility of artificial gravity solutions, and the potential for space tourism and medical research. The discussion concluded with a seven-step sequence for space exploration and considerations for future space missions, emphasizing the need for practical solutions and sustainable funding to advance human space travel. Space Show participants included Marshall Martin, Phil Swan, Dr. Ajay Kothari, and John Hunt.I introduced the evening's space show, highlighting upcoming guests and discussing the ongoing transition of podcasting to Substack. I announced several upcoming shows, including Hotel Mars with Anatoly Sack, Dr. Benaroya discussing lunar habitats, and Sam Jimenez from Astroport Space Tech. David welcomed Joe Carroll, an expert on advanced space transportation and artificial gravity, who would be sharing his presentation later in the show. I reminded listeners about the non-profit status of the show and encouraged support for their annual campaign.Joe discussed the current state of artificial gravity research, noting that while NASA's commercial lunar destinations program includes it as a stretch goal, no immediate plans exist for funding. He highlighted efforts by VAST, founded by Jeb McCallab, and Blue Origin, both of which are seriously interested in artificial gravity for long-term human health on the Moon and Mars. Our participants agreed that research into the effects of different gravity levels on human health is crucial for future space exploration, with Marshall suggesting that the Stanford Torus could be a valuable tool for such research.Our Space Show Zoom participants discussed the feasibility and challenges of colonizing Mars, focusing on the cost implications of one-way trips versus round trips, and the potential for raising families in low Martian gravity. They explored the idea of building a space station to simulate Martian gravity and investigate the effects of long-term exposure to low gravity on human health, particularly in terms of radiation exposure. Joe suggested conducting research on animals to understand the impact of low gravity on human physiology, while Marshall raised questions about the relationship between gravity and radiation exposure. The conversation concluded with a discussion on the potential benefits of establishing a settlement in equatorial low Earth orbit as a stepping stone to Mars colonization, though David noted the lack of concrete action towards addressing the gravity problem.The group discussed two main topics: the effects of microgravity on human health and the feasibility of artificial gravity in space travel. Joe explained that while short-term stays in microgravity (up to 3 months) don't cause severe health problems, longer missions of 6-12 months could lead to coordination issues upon return. Regarding artificial gravity, Joe noted that while rotating rooms have tested different spin rates, the experience would be significantly different in a spacecraft due to the gravity gradient. The group agreed that more tests are needed to determine the optimal spin radius and speed for human comfort in space, potentially using Crew Dragon for these experiments.Joe presented a detailed analysis of artificial gravity solutions for multi-planetary settlements, focusing on Moon and Mars gravity levels. He outlined seven distinct tests needed to determine the feasibility of artificial gravity, including ground-based simulations and Crew Dragon experiments. Joe emphasized the importance of testing these concepts in Earth orbit before attempting lunar or Martian settlements, due to the high costs and long travel times associated with space missions. He also discussed the potential for tourism to drive the development of artificial gravity technology and the need to determine the optimal gravity level for human health and comfort in space settlements.Joe discussed the design and functionality of a space facility that simulates Moon and Mars gravity through rotation at different speeds. He emphasized the importance of testing human health impacts in long-term low-gravity environments and highlighted the challenges of recycling and space constraints in future Mars missions. Marshall inquired about wet launch theories, and Joe explained the potential for pre-launch modifications to space vehicles for expanded functionality. Joe concluded that future space missions would require more space and gravity simulation, suggesting that Elon's current plans for Mars missions might need adjustments.Joe and David discussed the feasibility of a space project, focusing on the potential use of Starship for missions to Mars and the challenges involved. Joe expressed concerns about the practicality of sending people to Mars without proper preparation and suggested alternative locations for a launch site near the equator. They explored the possibility of securing funding from billionaires or innovative VCs, as government support seems unlikely. Joe estimated that the project could be completed within 5 years with adequate funding.The discussion focused on inflatable space structures, with Joe and David sharing insights about existing military and commercial applications, including Bigelow's earlier work and Sierra Space's current developments. They agreed that while there's significant interest in commercial space ventures, many startups face challenges in securing sustainable funding without clear operational revenue streams, noting that current market conditions offer numerous alternative investment opportunities. The conversation concluded with David emphasizing the need for a well-defined and practically ready project to attract serious investment, rather than just theoretical concepts.The group discussed the challenges and costs associated with space tourism and medical research in space. Marshall suggested that reducing the cost per pound to orbit could make space tourism feasible, but Joe pointed out that current launch costs are too high for widespread access. David emphasized the need for a commercial revenue stream to fund space activities, while Phil proposed creating a medical research lab in low Earth orbit with a 30-year return on investment. The conversation touched on the potential for pharmaceutical companies to fund such a project, but acknowledged the lack of current plans or funding for such initiatives.Joe discussed a seven-step sequence for space exploration, emphasizing the importance of gradual progress and building public trust. The group discussed the challenges and potential of sending humans to Mars, with John raising concerns about the lack of return capability. Phil emphasized the need for long-term arguments to create support for short-term plans, while Joe shared his experience with NASA funding and the visibility of space stations. The show concluded with plans for future discussions and a reminder to “keep looking up.”Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4446: ZOOM Dr. Haym Benaroya | Friday 17 Oct 2025 930AM PTGuests: Dr. Haym BenaroyaZOOM: Dr. Benaroya is here to discuss lunar habitat architecture, policy and lots more.Broadcast 4447: ZOOM Sam Ximenes of Astroport Space Technologies | Sunday 19 Oct 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Sam XimenesZoom: CEO & Founder of Astroport Space Tech, Sam Ximenes, is with us to discuss their lunar work, his being featured by National Geographic and more. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Quick Summary & Overview: Our program began with a detailed technical discussion about the Starship spacecraft and its potential for Mars missions. The group explored various technical challenges and possibilities for Starship's capabilities, including engine operations, payload considerations, and transit times, while also discussing nuclear propulsion options and potential destinations for the spacecraft. The conversation concluded with discussions about lunar stations, their economic and scientific value, and the broader implications of public-private partnerships in space exploration.I started this program by introducing Space Show participants, including John Hunt, and guest Jack, Dr. Ajay Kothari, John Jossy, Phil, Peter, and Marshall Martin. I discussed the upcoming Starship and Mars transit topic with Jack, who agreed to stay for a 90-minute discussion. I also mentioned upcoming guests for future shows, including Joe Carroll, Dr. Benaroya, Sam Ximenez, and Dr. Mike Grumpman. I brought up fundraising and financial support for The Space Show as we are a listener supported show and we request your help to keep the program going.I also talked about the ongoing denial-of-service attack on the Space Show by AI bots which has led to issues with podcasting and other problems. We are using Cloudflare blocking for all non-human traffic but sometimes that blocks desirable non-human traffic. I mentioned the potential move of the podcast to Substack, but this is still in progress. I introduced our guest Jack Kingdon, a final-year undergraduate physics student at UCSB. He shared his interest in Starship and his published work in a Nature sub-issue which explores Starship's capabilities.Jack presented his research on the potential for Starship to achieve faster transit times to Mars, suggesting that the increased payload capacity and reusability of Starship could enable missions to Mars in as little as 3 months, compared to the traditional 6-7 month journey. He noted that this would require higher velocities and specific impulse from the Raptor engines, as well as meeting certain mass ratio targets. The discussion touched on the challenges of a narrow launch window for such a fast transit, the potential benefits of reduced radiation exposure, and the ethical considerations of presenting cost data without proper sourcing. Jack acknowledged the need to revise his cost estimates and agreed to further investigate SpaceX's perspective on faster transit options.Our group discussed reducing the payload of the Starship to accelerate transit time for human cargo, with Jack explaining that converting payload to fuel could increase delta-V by about 10%, but this might not be sufficient for a 90-day Holman transfer. Phil noted that SpaceX's claimed 100-ton payload capacity for Mars missions assumes optimal cargo transfers, and reducing payload to 45 tons could allow faster travel but might not be feasible for a crew. Marshall raised questions about using composite materials instead of stainless steel, which Jack explained was considered but abandoned due to concerns about re-entry temperatures and the need for ablative or ceramic heat shields.The group discussed the feasibility of a Mars mission involving separate reentry vehicles and transit vehicles, with Peter proposing a two-vehicle system to reduce heat shield requirements. Dr. Kothari explained that slowing down in cold space would require significant propellant, making the proposed system impractical. The discussion then shifted to SpaceX's plans for in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) on Mars, with Jack noting that four shiploads of ISRU propellant would be needed rather than one, though he expressed doubts about the technical feasibility of this approach. Phil raised concerns about SpaceX's payload claims for the Starship, questioning whether they could truly achieve the promised capabilities with current technology.The group discussed nuclear propulsion options for space exploration, with Jack expressing skepticism about solid-core nuclear thermal rockets due to their high dry mass and limited specific impulse advantage. They explored the challenges of nuclear power systems on Mars, including radiative cooling requirements and ISRU considerations, with Phil noting that nuclear reactor radiators might become as heavy as solar panels. The conversation also touched on quantum physics research at UCSB, where Jack works on atomic and condensed matter systems, and Marshall raised questions about light speed in neutron stars, though Jack couldn't provide specific answers about light propagation in such extreme environments.Jack discussed the potential destinations for the Starship, emphasizing Mars as a priority due to the possibility of discovering ancient bacteria. He explored the feasibility of uncrewed missions to Jupiter and Saturn, highlighting Starship's capabilities for such missions. The group also discussed the use of Starship as a space settlement vehicle, with Jack noting its potential as a habitat for lunar and Martian settlements. David inquired about Jack's support from his professors for his Starship work, to which Jack replied that they have been very supportive. The discussion concluded with predictions on SpaceX's timeline for taking people to Mars and concerns about potentially losing to China in space exploration.This program is audio archived at www.thespaceshow.com. In addition, it will be both audio and video archived at doctorspace.substack.com. When our podcasting returns it will be podcasted from our Substack site.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4444: Zoom Joe Carroll | Tuesday 14 Oct 2025 700PM PTGuests: Joe CarrollZOOM: Joe updates us with art. gravity, spin gravity, his work and moreBroadcast 4445: Hotel Mars TBD | Wednesday 15 Oct 2025 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David LivingstonHotel Mars TBDBroadcast 4446: ZOOM Dr. Haym Benaroya | Friday 17 Oct 2025 930AM PTGuests: Dr. Haym BenaroyaZOOM: Dr. Benaroya is here to discuss lunar habitat architecture, policy and lots more.Broadcast 4447: ZOOM Sam Ximenes of Astroport Space Technologies | Sunday 19 Oct 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Sam XimenesZoom: CEO & Founder of Astroport Space Tech, Sam Ximenes, is with us to discuss their lunar work, his being featured by National Geographic and more.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless Entertainment Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

John, David and Mark discussed America's renewed interest in returning to the moon through the Artemis program, comparing it to the 1960s space race and exploring its historical context and potential future goals. They examined the program's current status, including upcoming missions and challenges, while also discussing the possibility of human missions to Mars and the role of commercial space companies like SpaceX. The conversation concluded with a discussion of the political context surrounding the Artemis program and its future prospects.Mark discussed America's renewed interest in returning to the moon, comparing it to the 1961 space race against the Soviet Union, now replaced by China. Mark explained that the current Artemis program aims to establish a sustainable human presence on the moon, with the first uncrewed mission, Artemis 1, already completed, and Artemis 2 set to launch in February, which he believes will generate more public interest and debate about the moon mission's purpose and feasibility.Mark shared a story about Senator Kennedy's 1960 Democratic nomination campaign, particularly his West Virginia primary against Hubert Humphrey. He recounted how Homer Hickam, the author of Rocket Boys, attended one of Kennedy's speeches surrounded by coal miners. When asked about his policy preferences, Hickam surprisingly suggested leaving the girls in the middle, which caught Kennedy's attention and reportedly inspired him to focus on space exploration.John discussed the historical context of the moon landing, highlighting the space race with the Soviet Union and the inspiration behind the decision to go to the moon. He mentioned that mining the moon for valuable resources like titanium, aluminum, and rare earths could be a future focus, along with using water for rocket fuel and establishing a lunar base or colony. John also noted that political considerations, similar to those faced by President Kennedy, could impact the Artemis program.John and Mark discussed the potential for human missions to Mars, with Mark expressing optimism about the goal driven by Elon Musk's vision and resources. They explored the possibility of a joint NASA-SpaceX undertaking for Mars missions, while all emphasized the moon as a more immediate and achievable goal. Mark suggested that the first Mars settlers would focus on science and survival, with commercial activities likely to follow, and he highlighted the importance of creating a self-sustaining economy on Mars. They also touched on the Artemis program's cost challenges and the need for careful budget management in Washington.Mark said he is monitoring the development of SpaceX's Starship, which is planned to be used for the first astronaut mission to the moon during the Artemis III mission. He expressed doubt about SpaceX's 2027 launch promise and notes that Blue Origin is working on an alternative lunar lander. Mark was also interested in seeing plans to phase out the Space Launch System, which he criticizes for being too expensive and not sustainable for long-term lunar and Mars missions. He emphasized the need for commercial alternatives and calls for SpaceX to release information on their life support systems for Mars missions.All of us discussed the political context of the Artemis program, noting that while Trump initially proposed it, President Biden continued the initiative. He mentioned that Trump is now pushing for the program and has made some mistakes, particularly in selecting an administrator. David expressed that the current political situation does not pose a significant concern for the program's progress. As we ended, John recommended Mark Whittington's book for a deeper understanding of the program's history.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4444: Zoom Joe Carroll | Tuesday 14 Oct 2025 700PM PTGuests: Joe CarrollZOOM: Joe updates us with art. gravity, spin gravity, his work and moreBroadcast 4445: Hotel Mars TBD | Wednesday 15 Oct 2025 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David LivingstonHotel Mars TBDBroadcast 4446: ZOOM Dr. Haym Benaroya | Friday 17 Oct 2025 930AM PTGuests: Dr. Haym BenaroyaZOOM: Dr. Benaroya is here to discuss lunar habitat architecture, policy and lots more.Broadcast 4447: ZOOM Sam Ximenes of Astroport Space Technologies | Sunday 19 Oct 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Sam XimenesZoom: CEO & Founder of Astroport Space Tech, Sam Ximenes, is with us to discuss their lunar work, his being featured by National Geographic and more.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use: Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

We started the program with discussions about SPACs and space-focused investments, where Andrew shared his expertise on SPAC performance and the UFO ETF's methodology. The discussion explored various aspects of space industry investment trends, including index criteria, the evolution of space technology, and the intersection of nuclear and space technologies. The conversation concluded with insights about the flow of investment capital between AI and space industries, along with discussions about regulatory changes and the future opportunities in space exploration.After the introductions and announcements, Andrew discussed his experience with SPACs in some detail, noting that while some have been successful, others have not performed well. He explained that SPACs are not inherently good or bad but rather depend on how they are structured and managed. Andrew shared his personal interest in SPACs dating back to his early career and mentioned that his firm had considered launching a space-focused SPAC but ultimately decided against it due to market conditions. He advised potential investors to conduct thorough due diligence and emphasized the importance of believing in the team behind a SPAC.Andrew explained the origin of the ETF's name “UFO,” which was chosen for its memorable three-letter ticker and availability. He then discussed the fund's performance, noting that it tracks a rules-based index and has exposure to a diverse range of space-related companies, including both well-known and lesser-known names. Andrew also highlighted the fund's global approach and the changing landscape of the space industry, which has led to new investment opportunities. He mentioned that the fund currently holds about 47 companies, up from 30 at launch, and has seen some new space names enter the public markets recently.The discussion focused on space investment trends and index criteria. Andrew explained that private space investments grew from $1.1 billion with 8 investors from 2000-2005 to $10.2 billion with 93 investors from 2012-2018, noting that foreign governments are increasingly seeking space solutions independently of SpaceX. John Jossy inquired about index criteria, and Andrew clarified that the index evaluates space revenue metrics, market cap, and liquidity, with companies needing either majority space revenue or specific revenue thresholds to qualify. Andrew also explained that companies can be removed or re-added to the index based on meeting methodology standards, using Avio as an example of a company that was removed but later re-added when it met the criteria again.The discussion focused on comparing SPACs and UFO ETFs, with Andrew explaining that UFO tracks the S Network Space Index, a global space index launched in 2019 that focuses on companies with significant space-related revenues. Andrew emphasized that unlike traditional ETFs like QQQ, UFO has minimal overlap with other funds and is managed by former Space Foundation Director of Research Micha Walter Range, who developed the methodology for quantifying space industry revenues.We put more focus on the UFO index, its methodology, and potential inclusion of private funds like SilverLake. Andrew explained that the index currently only considers publicly traded securities and does not include private investments. He also discussed trends in commercial space investment, noting the impact of geopolitical events on the industry. Andrew highlighted how conflicts and political shifts have created both challenges and opportunities for space technology companies, potentially leading to more nationalistic approaches in the industry.Andrew discussed the importance of national security and defense in space, highlighting the potential for U.S. companies to win contracts for projects like Golden Dome and potentially share technologies with allies. He noted a strong investor appetite for space companies, citing improved fundamentals and better access to investment opportunities. David asked about the impact of Artemis' success and the race to the moon on investment trends, to which Andrew responded that the moon's strategic importance could influence access and development, mentioning potential data centers and micro-economies on the moon.Given comments by Dr. Kothari, our discussion focused on the intersection of nuclear and space technologies, with Ajay highlighting the potential for thorium-based molten salt reactors to address both energy and climate challenges, noting significant thorium reserves in the US and China. Andrew acknowledged the potential of these technologies while emphasizing the importance of energy for space exploration and the historical benefit of space technologies transferring to Earth applications. David mentioned the emergence of several potential industries from cislunar development and low Earth orbit manufacturing, emphasizing the need for revenue generation beyond seed capital. Andrew said in some cases the fund lists pre-revenue companies. Don't miss his comments on this topic.We looked at many of the space-focused companies and their inclusion in investment indices. Andrew explained that while pre-revenue companies could be included if publicly traded, they typically need to meet specific metrics and be publicly traded to be considered. John Hunt mentioned a potential investment opportunity with a PE of 25 and a dividend of 0.9%. Andrew emphasized the importance of finding a reliable index methodology when investing in specific industries. The conversation also touched on regulatory changes in the ETF industry and Andrew's advice for young entrepreneurs considering space as an investment opportunity.Andrew summarized the space industry's opportunities and challenges, emphasizing the importance of capable workforce and diverse investment strategies. He highlighted the potential for unexpected opportunities in the space sector, citing the EchoStar story as an example. The group also touched on the impact of tariffs on the space industry and the shifting investment landscape, with AI being seen as a major competitor for investment dollars.Note that this program is archived both at www.thespaceshow.com and doctorspace.substack.com for audio. The Zoom video is on the same Substack site for this date, Friday, Oct. 10, 2025.pecial thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4443 Jack Kingdon | Sunday 12 Oct 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Jack KingdonJack discusses his paper “3 months transit time to Mars for human missions using SpaceX Starship” Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

John Hunt presents to The Space Show are ready! Sunday, 10-5-25For the quick summary, we started our program with John Hunt as the guest talking about nuclear weapons development and space exploration technologies. The Space Show participants in the Zoom meeting explored various aspects of nuclear weapons history, including bomb designs, testing, and strategic implications, while also discussing the potential for nuclear technologies in space missions and propulsion systems. The conversation concluded with discussions about current and future space exploration initiatives, including reactor technologies and launch schedules, with participants expressing concerns about political and technical challenges. Several Space Show participants were with us in the meeting including Marshall Martin, Peter Forman, John Jossy, Dr. Ajay Kothari, Dr. Phil Swan, Dr. James Benford, & Tim WeaverOur more detailed summary follows. John Hunt discussed his presentation on the evolution of nuclear weapons, including its funding and technological aspects. Marshall shared his interest in manufacturing composites and nanocarbon tubes in space, predicting that medical applications and materials science would be the next big cash cows in space development and was looking to connect the dots to the early tech being discussed by John Hunt. We discussed the potential for producing semiconductors and nanotubes in space, with Marshall suggesting that zero-gravity environments could enable the production of longer nanotubes for stronger materials like nanotube rope, which could be used in space elevators.David Livingston introduced the Sunday Space Show program, mentioning upcoming guests and topics, including a discussion on nuclear weapon development and its impact on space with John Hunt. The conversation ended with introductions of various participants and a brief overview of the show's format.Early on John introduced us to Project Orion as he mentioned his history interest including the work of Freeman Dyson's son, George Dyson who wrote a book about his fathers work. John Jossy expressed interest in reading the book, and they discussed the now-defunct nuclear space website, which had provided valuable information.Hunt discussed the history and development of nuclear weapons, focusing on the physics behind atomic and nuclear fission, and the creation of the first atomic bombs, “Little Boy” and “Fat Man,” used in World War II. He explained the evolution of bomb designs, including the transition from solid to hollow core plutonium spheres for improved yield and the introduction of fusion components in the Teller-Ulam design, which significantly increased explosive power. John also highlighted the Soviet Union's alternative “layer cake” design, which used a central fission bomb surrounded by a lithium deuteride layer for fusion, and noted the cryogenic technology developed for these weapons, which later found applications in space exploration.Our guest explained the evolution of nuclear weapons, focusing on the development of thermonuclear bombs and their components. He described how lithium deuteride was used in fusion reactions, leading to the creation of tritium and increased yield through fission. The discussion covered various weapon designs, including the Mark 17, Mark 28, and the 25-megaton Mark 41 bomb. John also mentioned Ted Taylor's contributions to bomb design and his work on the Orion nuclear-powered spacecraft project, which was canceled due to the Test Ban Treaty.The discussion focused on historical nuclear weapons development, John Hunt explaining that Project Orion conducted conventional explosive tests but never pursued nuclear testing. David suggested visiting government nuclear museums across the US, including Las Vegas and New Mexico, which house exhibits and remnants of nuclear testing. The conversation then shifted to the evolution of nuclear weapons, noting that while the Soviet Tsar bomb was primarily a propaganda device, the US responded by developing smaller, multiple-warhead systems to counter potential ABM defenses, leading to a shift from large single-warhead bombs to more numerous but smaller thermonuclear devices, with both countries eventually deploying around 100,000 strategic warheads each by the mid-1980s.The discussion focused on nuclear weapons and missile defense systems. Hunt explained that Soviet ICBM deployments were initially vulnerable to Minuteman III counterforce capabilities, but Russian silo hardening and U.S. missile number limitations led to Russian achievement of assured destruction capability. The group then discussed a 1957 nuclear test where a manhole cover was launched at escape velocity speeds, with guest James noting this was a deliberate test and not accidental. The conversation concluded with a discussion of current missile defense systems, including the Golden Dome concept using hit-to-kill interceptors, and concerns about North Korea's development of MERV missiles.Next up was a discussion regarding the strategic implications of nuclear weapons, particularly focusing on the challenges of responding to a North Korean attack due to the complex geopolitical landscape involving Russia, China, Japan, and South Korea. They explored the potential electromagnetic pulse (EMP) effects of nuclear weapons on satellite systems like Starlink and the historical development of anti-ballistic missile systems, including exo-atmospheric and microwave-induced detonation technologies. James shared insights from his experience with Soviet microwave weapons research, noting that while these systems were studied extensively, they were never deployed. The conversation concluded with a question about the transition from using nuclear power in satellites to planning for its use on the surfaces of the moon and Mars.We also talked about the history and future of nuclear technology in space exploration, with James noting that nuclear rockets could enable substantial payloads for solar system exploration. They explored how nuclear technology developed from weapons to civilian power, with Hunt suggesting that without the military budget, space program development would have been slower. Ajay raised questions about Russia's Burevestnik nuclear-powered missile program, which James and Hunt explained was similar to a canceled US program but deemed impractical due to radioactive contamination risks.Ajay focused on nuclear reactor technologies, particularly molten salt reactors and uranium isotopes. Dr. Kothari explained that molten salt reactors using uranium-233 could be safer in the event of an accident as the molten salt would freeze and become non-fissile upon contact with the ground. Hunt noted that uranium-233's higher radioactivity makes it difficult to handle, while confirming it produces similar energy output to other isotopes. The conversation concluded with a discussion about the feasibility of gun-launched space missions, with several participants expressing skepticism about spin launch concepts due to drag issues at high speeds, while Phil suggested that robust propulsion technology could handle high G-forces.The feasibility of hypersonic velocities and space travel was brought up with Phil asserting that it's possible to achieve orbital velocity despite atmospheric drag, while others, including and James, disagreed, citing significant challenges. The conversation shifted to the potential of nuclear technologies for space travel, with Phil suggesting underground nuclear explosions to power rockets, though Jossy noted legal and operational limitations. James highlighted the need for high-thrust rockets for interplanetary travel. They mentioned a promising paper on a centrifugal liquid-fuel propulsion system with a high specific impulse, which could be a significant advancement for space travel.We had much to say about nuclear rockets, with Phil explaining that nuclear rockets face challenges with the Oberth effect due to their inability to provide short, high-thrust bursts compared to chemical rockets. Marshall raised concerns about the potential impact of nuclear rocket launches on space stations, but Phil suggested that the radiation environment in space would make astronauts less concerned about nuclear launches. Hunt provided insights into contemporary nuclear weapons, noting that most are thermonuclear and that Russia is attempting to become a near-parity power with the U.S. and China. The discussion concluded with John explaining the potential risks and political implications of Russia using tactical nuclear weapons, emphasizing the importance of avoiding an escalation to full-scale nuclear war.Before ending we discussed nuclear power options for space missions, particularly focusing on a 100-kilowatt fission reactor planned for the moon by 2030. Marshall and others debated whether government or commercial entities should develop these reactors, with Marshall suggesting a public-private partnership might be best. The conversation concluded with a discussion about Artemis II's February 5th launch date, with participants expressing skepticism about whether it would actually proceed as scheduled, given NASA's history of delays.This program is audio archived at www.thespaceshow.com and doctorspace.substack.com for this program date. The Zoom video is also archived on our Substack site.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:No program for Tuesday, Oct. 7, 2025 | Tuesday 07 Oct 2025 700PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonNo program for today, Oct. 7, 2025Broadcast 4441 Hotel Mars featuring Mark Whittington, journalist | Wednesday 08 Oct 2025 930AM PTGuests: Mark Whittington, John Batchelor, Dr. David LivingstonHotel Mars with Mark Whittington on NASA Life on Mars Announcement and moreBroadcast 4442: Andrew Chanin | Friday 10 Oct 2025 930AM PTGuests: Andrew ChaninAndrew talks about the ETF market, commercial space investment and trendsBroadcast 4443 Jack Kingdon | Sunday 12 Oct 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Jack KingdonJack discusses his paper “3 months transit time to Mars for human missions using SpaceX Starship”Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:No program for Tuesday, Oct. 7, 2025 | Tuesday 07 Oct 2025 700PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonNo program for today, Oct. 7, 2025Broadcast 4441 Hotel Mars featuring Mark Whittington, journalist | Wednesday 08 Oct 2025 930AM PTGuests: Mark Whittington, John Batchelor, Dr. David LivingstonHotel Mars with Mark Whittington on NASA Life on Mars Announcement and moreBroadcast 4442: Andrew Chanin | Friday 10 Oct 2025 930AM PTGuests: Andrew ChaninAndrew talks about the ETF market, commercial space investment and trendsBroadcast 4443 Jack Kingdon | Sunday 12 Oct 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Jack KingdonJack discusses his paper “3 months transit time to Mars for human missions using SpaceX Starship”Live Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/streamStream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Hotel Mars, Weds, Oct. 1, 2025 with Joel on Little Red Dots and JWSTOur guest for this Hotel Mars program was Dr. Joel Leja, a cosmologist at Penn State University. Dr. Leja discussed the discovery of mysterious red dots observed in the first images from the James Webb Space Telescope. These dots, initially thought to be tiny galaxies or massive structures, presented a puzzle as they were brighter and redder than expected, challenging existing cosmological models. Despite the initial surprise, further data analysis revealed that these objects were likely extremely compact systems, much smaller than the Milky Way, which Joel and his team are still working to understand fully.The three of us discussed the James Webb Space Telescope's discovery of distant objects, estimating their existence around 11.9 billion years ago, with some as early as 5.7 billion years. Dr. Leja noted that these objects primarily exist in the early universe, with one rare exception in the nearby universe. The discussion focused on the mystery of these objects' existence, given the limited time available for their formation, and the need to determine their nature and origin.Joel also discussed the discovery of bright objects in the early universe, initially thought to be galaxies but later identified as supermassive black holes due to the presence of hot swirling gas. Despite this explanation, several mysteries remain, including how these massive black holes formed so quickly and their unusual lack of expected features like glowing cosmic dust. Joel noted that while the black hole hypothesis is the leading explanation, numerous other theories exist, making it an exciting time in astrophysics.Our guest discussed the concept of “little red dots” in the early universe, which may be supermassive black holes surrounded by dense gas, resembling stars. John, in the last segment of the program, asked what he would do with an unlimited budget. Our guest explained that this hypothesis, known as the black hole star hypothesis, is the only one that currently aligns with observed data. Joel expressed interest in exploring this idea further, potentially with an enhanced version of the James Webb Space Telescope, to understand the formation and properties of the first stars in the universe. He also mentioned using the unlimited budget to build many more JWST's.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:See The Upcoming Show Menu on the right side of our home page, www.thespaceshow.com for the details for programming the week of Oct. 6, 2025. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Thales Alenia has signed a contract with the European Space Agency (ESA) for the Secure And cryptoGrAphic (SAGA) mission. Blue Origin has unveiled the Project Oasis program to map lunar resources. Portal Space Systems has successfully tested a solar thermal propulsion system, and more. Remember to leave us a 5-star rating and review in your favorite podcast app. Be sure to follow T-Minus on LinkedIn and Instagram. Selected Reading NASA Continuity of Appropriations Plan Thales Alenia Space and ESA sign contract for SAGA mission to demonstrate Europe's first Quantum Key Distribution governmental service Blue Origin and Luxembourg Partner on Oasis-1 Mission to Map Lunar Resources Portal Becomes First Commercial Company to Successfully Test Solar Thermal Propulsion System for Multi-Orbit Spacecraft Astroscale and HEO Advance Space Monitoring Capabilities for Allied Nations NASA signs US-Australia Agreement on Aeronautics, Space Cooperation U.S. Space Force's ATLAS System Achieves Operational Acceptance, Revolutionizing Space Domain Awareness and DoW Software Acquisition- Space Operations Command (SpOC)  US, France step up joint military satellite moves to counter China in space - Reuters Have We Reached a Space-Junk Tipping Point? Australia's new space institute says it's time to stop sending millions offshore SpaceX targeting Oct. 13 for next Starship megarocket launch- Space 11th Annual ISS National Lab and NSF Announce Funding Opportunity for Physical Science Research on Space Station Join NASA on Oct. 4 in Looking Up, Celebrating Moon Share your feedback. What do you think about T-Minus Space Daily? Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts with us by completing our brief listener survey. Thank you for helping us continue to improve our show.  Want to hear your company in the show? You too can reach the most influential leaders and operators in the industry. Here's our media kit. Contact us at space@n2k.com to request more info. Want to join us for an interview? Please send your pitch to space-editor@n2k.com and include your name, affiliation, and topic proposal. T-Minus is a production of N2K Networks, your source for strategic workforce intelligence. © N2K Networks, Inc. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Open Lines Discussion are ready!The program began with introductions and discussions about space settlement, including challenges and opportunities in the trillion-dollar market. The group explored various space-related topics including NASA's stance on space settlement, recent UAP hearings in Congress, and updates on the Artemis missions, while also addressing technical issues with the Space Show's format and programming. The conversation ended with discussions about military aircraft technology, Ajay's art exhibition, and NASA's budget situation, including potential funding cuts and future plans for space exploration.After early program announcements by David, John Jossy introduced Alan Linton, a software engineer from Waterloo, Canada interested in space development, and mentioned the diverse perspectives and opinions that could be expected during the discussion. David then highlighted the presence of various participants, including AJ, known for his space vision plans and connections, and John Hunt, interested in UAPs and physics.In response to one of my questions, Alan discussed the decline in Canadian participation in space-related activities, which he attributed to factors other than politics. I emphasized that space enthusiasts tend to transcend political boundaries and remain interested in space exploration regardless of political changes. I also made an early announcement re our recent website problems involving the issue of website scraping from China, where 20-30 IP addresses from Alibaba created a denial of service attack by overwhelming our website. The Space Show will soon be implementing Cloudflare filtering to address this for the future.Turning the mic over to John and Alan, they introduced his new YouTube channel focused on space settlement interviews, having already interviewed John Jossy and Ruben from France. The group discussed space settlement challenges, with Alan identifying launch costs and robotic mining as major obstacles, while suggesting that space settlement could be a trillion-dollar market if homes could be sold to the million people interested in living in space.We discussed NASA's current stance on space settlement, with Marshall noting that government bureaucracy and the small size of the space lobby make significant policy changes unlikely. Bill shared that early speculation about Elon Musk's involvement with the administration leading to government support for Mars efforts did not materialize. The conversation then focused on NASA's announcement of potential life signs on Mars, with Bill and others agreeing that this was driven by scientific analysis rather than an attempt to hinder Mars and space exploration. The discussion concluded with updates on NASA's Viper mission with Blue Origin, which is scheduled for the first quarter of next year, and the group acknowledged that while the discovery of life on Mars would be exciting, it would likely not significantly impact plans for human colonization.We switched over and discussed the recent UAP hearings in Congress, where witnesses shared experiences of unidentified aerial phenomena, including military encounters and classified programs. John Hunt explained that the hearings were led by junior House members and focused on protecting witnesses from reprisals, though he noted that senior officials like the Secretary of State and National Security Advisor could influence disclosure. I expressed frustration about the lack of meaningful progress on UAP disclosure despite presidential promises, while John Jossy suggested changing the subject as the UAP topic had become exhausted. I asked John why he does not like the UAP topic. Do listen for his response.Moving to another topic, we started talking about the Artemis II mission being moved up to February 2024, with most agreeing it will likely proceed as scheduled but could face minor delays. Concerns were expressed about the Artemis III mission in 2027, particularly regarding SpaceX's HLS lander's stability on the moon and the need for multiple refueling, even suggesting it may not succeed by 2028. Bill proposed considering Blue Origin's Mark II lander as an alternative to SpaceX's HLS, noting its better center of gravity and design for early Artemis missions. I raised concerns about the lack of tangible progress and testing timelines for both SpaceX and Blue Origin's hardware, emphasizing the need for clear business plans and testing schedules before investing in such ambitious projects. I suggested that we need less uncertainty if that is possible.The group discussed space settlement and lunar habitats, with John Jossy explaining that National Space Society defines a settlement as biologically self-sustaining and permanent for families, while current lunar habitats are considered outposts due to rotating crews. The discussion explored Al Globus's proposal for low-radiation habitats in low Earth orbit, but John Jossy confirmed there are no current plans or market interest in this concept, citing the need for real estate and safe habitats. I mentioned the Musk challenges with launch site logistics and supply lines, which led to the abandonment of Kwajalein Island as a launch site.We also talked about military aircraft and space technology, especially stealth. John Hunt explained that the F-22 and B-21 serve different missions, with the F-22 focused on air-to-air combat and the B-21 on bombing, and described plans to upgrade the F-22 with technologies from the F-35 as a stopgap until the F-47 becomes operational. The discussion then shifted to the feasibility of drones flying on the moon, with Ajay explaining that while traditional flight is impossible due to lack of atmosphere, hopping movements could be achieved using engines like Draco, though with limited flight duration. John Jossy shared a link to Intuitive Machines' lunar hopper technology.We then turned to Ajay's art exhibition, which is currently on display until October 4th and the Zoom video is archived on Substack from Tuesday. I reported that Ajay had given a compelling 5-minute presentation connecting his art and vision for space exploration to NASA leadership during a recent Senate hearing simulation. Ajay discussed offering a 30-40% discount on the paintings, with the gallery retaining their 20% commission plus $500 per wall. Several members expressed interest in purchasing paintings. I identified several favorites including a Mars painting and Native American piece. Marshall praised Ajay's ability to convey complex space concepts through visual art, suggesting it could be a valuable addition to Marshall's office decor.Nearing the end of the program, we discussed NASA's budget situation, with Bill updating that the NASA budget approved by the House Appropriations Committee for science, was a cut from the previous year's total but better than the proposed 50% cut. A key development was Sean Duffy directing NASA to move forward with the House figure. I made a fundraising pitch for the non-profit Space Show, and the conversation ended with discussion of upcoming guests and potential appearances. For our Substack listeners and viewers, given that The Space Show is a nonprofit, we launch an end of the year fund raising campaign around Thanksgiving. We promote donations to PayPal, Zelle and check. If you like what we do, please donate and help us out. If you are a federal tax payer, you get a tax deduction for your gift. See the PayPal button on the right side of our home page, www.thespaceshow.com.Thank you.Dr. SpaceSpecial thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4438 ZOOM Matt Billie, Rachel Tillman | Tuesday 30 Sep 2025 700PM PTGuests: Matt Bille, Rachel TillmanZOOM: Space history, space project retrieval, Vanguard 1 and more!Broadcast 4439 Hotel Mars: Dr. Joel Leja | Wednesday 01 Oct 2025 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David Livingston, Dr. Joel LejaHotel Mars addresses red dots' in early universe may be ‘black hole star' atmospheres,Broadcast 4440 ZOOM JOHN HUNT | Sunday 05 Oct 2025 1200PM PTGuests: John HuntZoom: The physics & development of nuclear weapons & connecting dots to space, energy, planetary settlement Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Hotel Mars with Ben Roberts for Sept. 24, 2025Summary by Zoom. Edited.This Hotel Mars program featured a discussion microgravity investor Ben Roberts about the applications and investments in microgravity technology, including its impact on medical treatments, drug formulations, and material sciences. We explored the progress and challenges of commercial space companies in microgravity research and production, with NASA's support programs playing a crucial role in their development. The conversation covered various applications of low microgravity, the competitive landscape of the industry, and the timeline for product development and market entry.John Batchelor welcomed Ben Roberts, an investor in microgravity, to discuss the applications and investments in microgravity technology. Ben explained that microgravity refers to the limited effect of gravity in orbit, which enables innovative applications in medical treatments, drug formulations, and material sciences. He highlighted examples such as creating artificial limbs, developing new drugs, and producing high-quality materials that are not possible on Earth due to gravity's interference. Ben clarified that microgravity applies to any orbit with low enough gravity to affect living systems and material defects, but not enough to eliminate sedimentation or convection.Ben discussed the progress and challenges of commercial space companies, particularly those involved in microgravity research and production. While basic research on space shuttles and the ISS has been ongoing for decades, commercial companies like Varda and Redwire are just beginning to reach commercialization, producing medical seed crystals and elements. He noted that NASA's support through programs like SBIR has been crucial in helping these companies transition from pre-commercial to operational phases. The discussion also touched on the financial challenges these companies face, suggesting that private sector or government investment might be needed to bridge the gap until traditional VCs become involved once commercial viability is proven.Ben continued to discuss various applications of low microgravity, including advanced nanoparticles for drug delivery, accelerated aging studies, and 3D printed cardiac tissue. He explained how these technologies could be more effective when produced in space, despite higher costs. The panelists agreed that while some products could reach the market in 2-5 years, those requiring FDA approval might take longer, with significant progress expected by the 2030s.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs: Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

The Space Show presents Dr. Kothari and his art show! Tuesday, Sept. 23, 2025Summary by Zoom. Edited.Our program for today consisted of a virtual gallery tour of Dr. Ajay Kothari's art exhibit at the Antique Den gallery in Fairfax, Va. Gallery owner Kei, along with Dr. Kothari, introduced the exhibit featuring approximately 40 paintings. They discussed our online Zoom tour. Kei presented the format for the program, helped in doing a gallery panorama of all the paintings plus she handled the smart phone camera while AJ explained various paintings, discussing his techniques, themes, and prices for each painting, all while sharing his artistic background and dedication to his work. Our Space Show audience inquired about the success of the exhibition, including strong attendance. Strong positive feedback was reported. In his talk at the beginning of the “tour”, AJ connected the dots with his artwork, vision and space. Due to the nature of several of his paintings, Dr. Kothari explored topics like space exploration and environmental responsibility plus the care of all animals and life here on our home planet. Space Show listeners sharing the Zoom meeting with us included Bill Gowan, Dr. Sherry Bell, and John Hunt.Kei and Ajay discussed the connection between abstract art and the universe, emphasizing the importance of abstract representations in capturing the essence of cosmic phenomena. Ajay highlighted the responsibility humans have to care for Earth's unique life forms, as they may be the only ones in the universe, and stressed the need for continued evolution in the third dimension through space exploration and scientific advancement. He argued that this vision should unite people globally, including artists, authors, and musicians, to support space exploration as an integral part of humanity's future.Ajay presented several of his paintings, explaining their themes and techniques. Early on, he discussed works such as “Ephemeral 4,” which captures a moment of dancers in motion, and “Conflict of Straight and Curb,” which explores the tension between straight and curved lines. Also shown were paintings titled “Angst,” “Big Bang Theory,” and “Non-Anger,” telling us how they convey different emotions and concepts.Ajay's gallery tour was in order of the way the paintings were displayed in the gallery. He highlighted a very unique and colorful painting of a Native American, expressing his feelings about the lack of representation of Native Americans in media and politics.Ajay had a few landscape paintings including specific works like “Father of the Jungle” and “East Meets West at Amber Fort.” During our virtual tour, he clarified that most of the paintings were either oil or acrylic on canvas, with a few exceptions. By the way, for each painting he also told us its price/. He mentioned that one painting had been sold recently with interest in several more. The discussion included comments from Bill regarding his skill in depicting skies and a brief exchange about the use of palette knives in some of the paintings.Ajay was asked to explain his pricing strategy for his paintings, which he said is based on analogy to previously sold works and relative size. I jokingly asked how his health was, and should we buy one of his paintings, might we see a quick boost in price due to a health problem. Ajay laughed along with me and assured us all that his health is good, and prices are unlikely to inflate suddenly. Ajay expressed his belief that science, art, and philosophy should be integrated, and emphasized the need for a strong vision in leadership roles like the NASA head. The discussion concluded with Ajay sharing his artistic background and dedication to his work, and Bill expressing admiration for his artistic achievements.Space Show participant Bill raised a question about planetary protection at Mars given one of Ajay's paintings of Mars – see our tour to see and learn more about this painting. In response, Ajay expressed little interest in the planetary defense topic, instead emphasizing the importance of space exploration and human cognitive evolution, while expressing skepticism about the feasibility of large-scale human migration to Mars within the next few centuries.I asked everyone, including gallery owner Kei, to share with us their favorite painting(s) in Ajay's collection. I told everyone that I really liked several pieces including the Ballerina, red sky and ocean paintings, and the very special Mars piece. Sherry and Bill shared their preferences, with Sherry liking an arch-inspired painting and Bill appreciating the abstract piece called “Uncertain” and another titled “Angst.”Before ending, Sherry suggested exploring merchandise opportunities featuring his artwork, such as totes and purses, to expand market reach. Ajay shared his thoughts on using his art to make a case for science, space exploration, and environmental responsibility in a potential future Senate confirmation hearing should Dr. Kothari ever be tapped for a high-level government policy appointment position. We concluded this Space Show program by thanking both Kei and Ajay for hosting the exhibition and to all participants for their attendance in this very special and unique Space Show program.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4437 Zoom: OPEN LINES DISCUSSION | Sunday 28 Sep 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonZOOM Open Lines Discussion. Listen/participate w/Zoom phone numbers to be published on our blog for this programSpecial thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless Entertainment Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

A NASA research project is looking at alternatives to conventional flight simulators for pilot training.

Episode 149: of the American Grown Podcast in the Colortech Creative Solutions studios with Dillon Yeager Heavy Equipment Mechanic. PART 1 of 2In this episode, we sit down with Dillon Yeager, a Pennsylvania native whose journey is all about grit, adaptability, and resilience.Dillon grew up in West Cameron, spending his youth hunting, fishing, and working at the Montango Game Farm before pursuing a career in aviation. After graduating from the Pittsburgh Institute of Aeronautics, he spent eight years as an aviation mechanic at the Harrisburg Airport, where discipline and detail were part of everyday life. Make sure to come back next week to hear part two.Wood's CRW CorporationSHOW SPONSORS:College Knowledge Foundation. Your path to higher education.Cleona Coffee Roasters. A small batch coffee roastery & coffee shop, veteran & first responder owned located inside 911 Rapid Response in Annville PA.Angelo's Pizza. Enjoy mouthwatering Italian dinners.Triggered 22. Support a local veteran and help spread awareness for PTSD & #22aday.Modern Gent Customs. We don't make basics...We make statements.Hains Auto Detailing. Have your car smiling from wheel to wheel.A&M Pizza. Authentic Italian quality meals.Boyer's Tavern. Proper food & drinks made by slightly improper people.Hossler Engraving. Looking for unique handcrafted gifts for all occasions Zach has you covered.Sip or Snack break.SIP: Garage Beer.SNACK: Jurgy.OFFICIAL STUDIO SPONSOR: Colortech Creative Solutions takes your creative projects from visualization to realization. We've been doing so since 1980 all while keeping your budget in mind.To see photos of today's guest follow on social media:IG: AmericanGrownPodcastFB: American Grown Podcast or visits us at American Grown Podcast

The Space Show presents Lynn Harper discussing microgravity medicine with commercial space operators are ready! Sunday, 9-21-25This summary was provided by Zoom and edited.We started our program by introducing our guest of honor, Lynn Harper, Strategic Integration Advisor to ISS National Lab and InSPA. Space show program participants were also introduced including Marshall Martin, John Hunt, John Jossy, Dr. Ajay Kothari and Dr. Phil Swan. Lynn shared her slides on ISS results from 2022-2024, which were later accessible to all participants through chat. In addition, the link to her slides and to other relevant material to this discussion can be found at the end of this summary. All of us discussed the potential for career growth in space-based microgravity medicine, with Lynn highlighting exceptional results from 2024. Check out the chat window in the video for additional links to relevant items of interest. Once again I announced an upcoming live presentation of AJ's art show in Fairfax, Virginia, scheduled for Tuesday at 12:30 PM Pacific time.Ms. Harper discussed the advancements in microgravity and space-assisted medical research, highlighting significant breakthroughs in disease modeling and drug development. She explained how microgravity has accelerated research in areas such as cancer, Alzheimer's, and other diseases, with examples like Merck reformulating its cancer drug Keytruda to enable injectable administration due to uniform crystal growth in space. The potential economic impact of these advancements is substantial, with projections of $40 billion in annual revenue by 2030. Lynn also emphasized the need for more space research capacity, as demand far exceeds current availability, particularly for personalized drug testing, and she discussed the role of commercial space providers in meeting this demand. As you will hear later in the discussion, it also sparked talk about extending the life of the ISS to do this important research and work.Our program focused on the remarkable results from space research, particularly the impact of microgravity on material and biological processes. Lynn highlighted that recent experiments have shown significant improvements in materials like crystals and biomaterials grown in space, with potential applications in medicine, such as cancer treatments and 3D printing of tissues. The discussion emphasized the need to continue using the International Space Station (ISS) for these experiments, as private space companies may not be able to replicate its capabilities by 2030. The group also discussed the possibility of future space stations with both zero-gravity and artificial-gravity environments to support various research needs.Lynn and Ajay discussed the potential benefits of conducting materials research in low gravity environments, such as the moon, which offers both 1/6thG and extreme cold conditions in almost permanently shadowed craters. They explored how processing minerals in space could reduce Earth's dependency on imported critical minerals, with microgravity potentially offering cost-competitive advantages over Earth-based processing. Lynn confirmed that cancer research experiments, which currently work in Earth's gravity, could be adapted for microgravity, and Ajay suggested building lunar labs to conduct these experiments continuously. Marshall raised a question about the implications of extracting space materials to build labs, which Lynn acknowledged as a valid consideration for future discussions.Lynn discussed the slow adoption of space-produced medical materials due to the time it takes for information to spread and the need for statistically significant results to gain acceptance. She emphasized the importance of reducing space transportation costs to make space medicine accessible to everyone, not just the wealthy. We talked about the challenges of communicating space-related advancements to a poorly informed public and the disconnect between space enthusiasts and the general population. All of us agreed on the need to spread awareness through various media outlets to inform decision-makers and the public about the potential benefits of space medicine.The economic potential and funding of space-based research, particularly microgravity medicine was discussed in some detail. Lynn explained that space investments have historically delivered a 7:1 return on investment and highlighted successful examples like Starlink and Keytruda. Ajay questioned why the healthcare industry, with a $3.5 trillion budget, doesn't fund more space-based medical research, but Lynn clarified that other government agencies and private companies already contribute significantly to ISS National Lab projects. The discussion also touched on the need for more frequent and reliable flight vehicles, with Lynn noting that SpaceX and ISS are currently operational but new developers will need to go through a learning curve of initial flights before achieving commercial reliability.Lynn discussed the significance of human life beyond Earth, emphasizing the potential for humans to thrive in space and the importance of space exploration for defining the nature of life in the universe. She highlighted the United States' 25-year history of permanent space habitation and expressed optimism about future space endeavors. The group agreed on the need for a variable gravity facility in low Earth orbit to support long-term human survival on the Moon or Mars, as well as reproduction studies to ensure the ability to have children in space settlements. Before ending, many in the meeting inquired as to the possibility of extending the life of the ISS given the value and importance of the work being done on the ISS National Lab. The response to that was a bit up in the air but I guess we will see on that one. The conversation ended with appreciation for Lynn's insights and a reminder of an upcoming art show featuring AJ's work.Additional relevant links to this discussion:1. John Jossy: JAXA AG mouse study in KIBO module https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-023-04769-32. Lynn Harper 1:18 PMExceptional Results from ISS 2022-2024 https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/19qy1UE32hZvSglITBvFD0hTFfVr7EHj3/edit?slide=id.p1#slide=id.p13. John Jossy 1:26 PMSpaceX Starfall Lab: https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/5420403-spacex-space-based-manufacturing/Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Hotel Mars discusses microgravity medicine with Ben RobertsBroadcast 4437 Zoom: OPEN LINES DISCUSSION | Sunday 28 Sep 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonZOOM Open Lines Discussion. Listen/participate w/Zoom phone numbers to be published on our blog for this program Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Summary for The Space Show presents Dean Cheng Friday, 9-19-25Summary by Zoom, edited.AN IMPORTANT NOTE: The Space Show website, www.thespaceshow.com, is undergoing a denial of service attack. Our hosting company and website manager are working to stop it but I suspect it might continue for a few more days until it can be controlled through various means we are using. In the meantime, you do have sporadic access so keep trying. Otherwise, it is important to note that all our information, our archived programs such as this one, newsletter and information on guests can be found on our Substack page, doctorspace.substack.com. In addition, are posting the Zoom videos to most of our Zoom program on this Substack page along with the audio version of the show. As for podcasting, that will be delayed because it needs for our program mp3 to be posted to The Space Show website. If I am unable to access the site due to the ongoing attack, it means I am unable to upload to our podcast server. We do have podcasting engaged on our Substack page so you might check that out and subscribe as an alternative way to get the programs via podcasting Thank you.We began this Space Show program with our guest, Dean Cheng, with a discussion about U.S.-China space relations and the Wolf Amendment's restrictions on NASA interactions with China, followed by an exploration of space exploration priorities and strategic considerations regarding lunar and Martian missions. The conversation then shifted to examining China's approach to space exploration and its historical context, including cultural motivations and diplomatic strategies, while also discussing the potential implications of directed energy weapons in space. The conversation ended with technical discussions about the Space Show's live caller participation system and its limitations, along with a brief discussion about tax-deductible donations. Detail follows. Space Show participants included John Hunt, Dr. Charles Lurio, Marshall Martin, Michael Listner, Atty, and Dr. Ajay Kothari.David and Dean discussed the Wolf Amendment and its implications for U.S.-China relations in space. Dean clarified that while Congress is not prohibited from talking to the Chinese, NASA, OSTP, and the National Space Council are restricted. They also briefly touched on the contrast between U.S. engagement with China in areas like business and education versus space policy. The conversation ended with David mentioning recent shows featuring security experts and potential future discussions on China-related topics. In addition, Dean outlined the Wolf amendment's specifics and his position on maintaining it plus he did explain why he holds the position he has on this item.Our Space Show group discussed perspectives on space exploration priorities, with David mentioning a debate between focusing on the moon versus Mars among his listeners. Dean shared his view that both the moon and Mars are strategically important for competition with China, particularly regarding cislunar space governance and the potential for China to be first to bring back Mars samples. The conversation highlighted differing opinions on space exploration approaches, including concerns about the Artemis program and alternative methods using SpaceX's Starship technology.Per the Wolf Amendment, Dean went on to discuss the challenges and risks of engaging with Chinese companies in the space and technology sectors, particularly regarding national security concerns and data protection. Dean explained that while private industry and government have different equities and vulnerabilities, the Wolf Amendment restricts certain government interactions with China, though its potential repeal is uncertain. They debated whether commercial competition with China should take precedence over national security concerns, with Dean arguing that China's state-controlled economy and access to sensitive information present significant risks that should not be underestimated.Dean explained why getting to the moon before China is important, highlighting concerns about U.S. capabilities and China's plans for a sustained lunar presence. He noted that China's competitive approach, including their "dual circulation" strategy, could give them an edge in space. Dean acknowledged that the U.S. has fallen behind its 2024 moon landing commitment and expressed concerns about our ability to sustain a lunar program at $4 billion per launch. Michael discussed how China approaches space strategy differently from the West, comparing it to a "game of go" rather than chess, and suggested that China's actions in the South China Sea could be a model for their space activities.Dean talked about the importance of understanding different negotiation styles, particularly comparing business and diplomatic approaches, and emphasized that China's actions are driven by a desire to restore its historical greatness rather than just financial gain. Dr. Kothari highlighted the cultural and civilizational pride underlying China and India's ambitious space programs, noting how these initiatives resonate with historical and divine identifications for their people. The discussion touched on how leaders like Xi Jinping tie national ambitions to reviving past glory, with China's space program being a key component of this broader vision.Our guest brought up the historical evolution of space exploration, comparing it to three distinct eras: Space 1.0 during the Cold War, Space 2.0 from the end of the Cold War to the early 2000s, and current Space 3.0 with China's increased involvement. He emphasized that China's approach to space engagement differs from cooperation, noting their strategic relationships and the absence of American involvement in the Chinese space station. Dean also highlighted the importance of understanding the historical context of space diplomacy and the role of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in Chinese space initiatives.Dean continued to discuss the potential implications of the Trump administration's Golden Dome concept, emphasizing that while it presents interesting opportunities with advances in directed energy and other technologies, it also raises strategic stability concerns similar to those in the 1960s and 70s. He noted that the significant reduction in cost to orbit and increased launch cadence could impact feasibility and affect China's strategic calculations. Ajay raised questions about the legality and effectiveness of deploying directed energy weapons in space, to which Dean clarified that, under the Outer Space Treaty, nuclear weapons are prohibited, but other forms of directed energy weapons are legal.Our continued discussion focused on cultural and civilizational perspectives in space exploration, with Charles and Ajay highlighting how China's space ambitions are tied to its historical narrative of "century of humiliation" and India's interest in mythological stories. Dean shared historical perspectives on Manifest Destiny, noting how other countries viewed the United States' expansion in the 19th century, particularly the concerns in European capitals about America's battle-hardened military. The conversation concluded with a discussion about how different countries' historical expansions were viewed, with Dean pointing out that while Manifest Destiny had a specific term, other countries' expansions were similarly motivated by available technology and historical context.Moving on, we focused on cultural and historical perspectives on space exploration, particularly comparing Chinese and Indian approaches. Dean explained how Chinese science fiction like "The Three-Body Problem" presents different approaches to alien contact than Western narratives, reflecting China's historical experiences and cultural context. The conversation also explored China's long-term planning capabilities through its 5-year plans and Project 921, which has provided stability for the Chinese Human Space Flight Program over decades. Ajay shared a unique perspective on India's historical relationship with the West, noting that while India has civilizational pride dating back to before 1000 AD, the country's more recent history of damage came from Islamic invasions rather than Western influence, making India more open to cooperation with the United States.Dean discussed China's competitive approach to commercial space development, highlighting their deployment of multiple PEO constellations and the strategic implications for military surveillance. He explained that China views the West, particularly the US and its entrepreneurs, as a threat, and noted that China's private sector aerospace investment began in 2014-2015 in response to Western commercial companies like SpaceX. The discussion also covered China's lunar program, which aims to establish an International Lunar Research Station, and potential human missions to Mars, with Dean suggesting that if China were first to put humans on Mars, it could significantly enhance CCP legitimacy. Charles and Ajay contributed insights about America's historical challenges with space program funding and China's development of thorium nuclear power technology.We did a bit of Space Show business at the end of the program. I discussed the current format and challenges with the Space Show's live caller participation system. I explained that while listeners can still call in via Zoom phone lines, most prefer to participate through email rather than phone calls, leading to limited live audience engagement during Zoom shows. The group discussed technical limitations preventing the integration of the toll-free line with Zoom due to audio quality concerns, and David emphasized that while he encourages caller participation, he won't compromise audio quality to accommodate it. The discussion also touched on the need to continue to donate to The Space Show which is a nonprofit 501C3. See the PayPal button on the right side of our home page or in the Substack program summaries in the sponsor and upcoming program section.Thank you.Dr. SpaceSpecial thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4435: ZOOM Dr. Ajay Kothari | Tuesday 23 Sep 2025 1230PM PTGuests: Dr. Ajay KothariAjay shows us his art exhibit via Zoom live from the Fairfax GalleryBroadcast 4436 Hotel Mars with Ben Roberts | Wednesday 24 Sep 2025 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David Livingston, Ben RobertsHotel Mars discusses microgravity medicine with Ben RobertsBroadcast 4437 Zoom: OPEN LINES DISCUSSION | Sunday 28 Sep 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonZOOM Open Lines Discussion. Listen/participate w/Zoom phone numbers to be published on our blog for this program Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Ep #88: Everything is Mutual Aid with Autumn BreonSummary of the episodeIn this episode of noseyAF, I sit down with Los Angeles-based artist Autumn Breon to talk about what it really means to redefine Black excellence. Autumn's work lives at the intersection of Black feminist praxis, historical memory, and speculative futures—spanning performance, installation, and public art.We talk about portals to other realities, the importance of rest and care in creative work, and why Black excellence must be understood beyond traditional measures of success. Autumn's perspective challenges the pressures of perfectionism and productivity, urging us to embrace creativity, community, and well-being as true markers of success.Whether you're an artist, activist, or just curious about new ways of thinking about liberation, this conversation will leave you inspired to imagine and live differently.What we talk aboutThe origins of Autumn's visionary project, The Care Machine, and how it reimagines what community support can look likeWhy Black excellence needs a redefinition that centers emotional, physical, and spiritual well-being—not just achievementHow denim, space travel, and performance art weave into Autumn's creative practice and storytellingThe power of leisure, portals, and speculative imagination in reshaping culture and careChapters:• 00:00 - Introduction to Autumn Breon and Her Art• 08:55 - Redefining Success and Creativity• 11:22 - The Birth of the Care Machine• 25:28 - Redefining Black Excellence• 25:39 - Redefining Excellence: A Conversation on Black Identity• 34:23 - The Ethos of Care and Abolition• 39:34 - Exploring Performance Art and Collaboration• 46:27 - Exploring Portals to Other Realities• 52:50 - The Importance of Rest and Leisure in Creative Work• 57:30 - Transitioning to Mutual Aid in Space• 01:03:43 - The Importance of Care in Community and Culture• 01:07:55 - The Cultural Significance of Denim• 01:10:45 - The Cultural Significance of Denim in HistoryThings We MentionedWalk the Block Artist Festival – SeattleThe Care Machine ProjectGap Jeans Ad -Better In DenimBernice RobinsonAll about... AutumnYou're gonna love Autumn—she's a portal-maker, care-weaver, and creative force reimagining what freedom can look like.Autumn Breon is a Los Angeles-based artist whose work engages Black feminist praxis, historical memory, and speculative futures. Her practice spans performance, installation, and public art that centers liberation and care. Inspired by ancestral technologies and maroon ecologies, she creates portals to other realities through ritual, research, and play. Autumn studied Aeronautics and Astronautics at Stanford University and her work often explores spatial freedom beyond Earth. She's exhibited at institutions like Hauser & Wirth, LACMA, and the Oakland Museum.Sponsor Shoutout

Summary provided by ZoomDavid and John Batchelor discussed a mission to explore the red dwarf star TRAPPIST and its exoplanets, with a focus on TRAPPIST-1e, which has been identified as a promising candidate in the habitable zone by guest Dr. Nesta Espinoza. During this brief interview, Nestor provided insights into the discovery and ongoing observations of TRAPPIST-1e, including the use of the James Webb Space Telescope to study its atmosphere and potential biosignatures. The discussion covered the technical challenges and methodologies involved in detecting life through atmospheric signatures, as well as future plans for exploring habitable zone exoplanets and the potential for discovering extraterrestrial life. TRAPPIST-1e, orbits the star every 6 days.Dr. Espinoza discussed the exciting discovery of TRAPPIST-1e, a planet in the habitable zone of its star, using the James Webb Space Telescope. He explained that they are conducting observations to determine if the planet has an atmosphere and, if so, its composition. He described the transit method they are using to study the planet, which involves observing how the planet blocks starlight and analyzing how the atmosphere interacts with this light.Nestor explained the technique of transmission spectroscopy used to study exoplanet atmospheres and discussed the capabilities of the James Webb Space Telescope in detecting biosignatures. He clarified that while James Webb was not specifically designed for biosignature detection, it is being pushed to identify molecular features that could indicate life. Our guest outlined a step-by-step approach to detecting and analyzing potential biosignatures, emphasizing that even if detected, further analysis and modeling are needed to determine if the observed conditions could be explained by non-biological processes.Nestor discussed the challenges of detecting life through atmospheric signatures and the limitations of current scientific models. He explained the importance of studying TRAPPIST-1B, a planet with a stripped atmosphere, as a reference for observing TRAPPIST-1e, which is potentially habitable. He highlighted the complexity of transit observations, noting that stellar activity can distort atmospheric signatures, but simultaneous observations of multiple planets in the system can help differentiate between stellar effects and planetary atmospheres.Nestor and his team, including Natalie, are analyzing observations of exoplanets in the TRAPPIST-1 system, focusing on Planets B and E. They are using a technique to correct for stellar signals by comparing distortions in Planet B's atmosphere to those in Planet E. The initial four observations published last week showed that Planet E's atmosphere is distorted by the star, and the team is now using James Webb Space Telescope to observe 15 more templates to further analyze the planet's atmosphere. The data suggests that Planet E could have a nitrogen-rich atmosphere with trace methane, though other possibilities like a Venus-like atmosphere with clouds are still within the realm of possibility.Nestor went on to discuss the potential for discovering extraterrestrial life and the possibility of deploying a fleet of James Webbs to explore the universe when John asked what he would do with an unlimited budget. He emphasized the need for thousands of habitable zone exoplanets to conduct comprehensive surveys. Nestor mentioned a colleague at the University of Arizona who is considering sending smaller spacecraft to explore space. He reflected on the challenges and successes of the James Webb Space Telescope's commissioning and expressed hope for future missions to search for signs of life in the universe. He mentioned a planned mission in 20-30 years that aims to achieve this.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4435: ZOOM Dr. Ajay Kothari | Tuesday 23 Sep 2025 1230PM PTGuests: Dr. Ajay KothariAjay shows us his art exhibit via Zoom live from the Fairfax GalleryBroadcast 4436 Hotel Mars with Ben Roberts | Wednesday 24 Sep 2025 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David Livingston, Ben RobertsHotel Mars discusses microgravity medicine with Ben RobertsBroadcast 4437 Zoom: OPEN LINES DISCUSSION | Sunday 28 Sep 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonZOOM Open Lines Discussion. Listen/participate w/Zoom phone numbers to be published on our blog for this program Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Guest Rick Fisher started out by discussing the current state of space programs, focusing on China's progress and Russia's economic and political situation. Rick explained that Russia's space program is facing financial difficulties, but they are still seeking cooperation with the U.S. on lunar missions. David expressed concerns about China's growing influence in space and the potential risks of Chinese students studying in the U.S. They agreed to explore these topics further in their discussion.The Space Show hosted a Space Show discussion with Rick Fisher, focusing on the financial challenges facing the Russian space program, particularly Energia. Rick shared that Energia, founded by Korolev in 1946, is in severe financial trouble, as evidenced by a memo from CEO Igor Maltsev in late August 2023, indicating potential closure. The company's inability to meet program deadlines and its overall financial instability were highlighted as significant concerns.Our guest discussed the ongoing conflict in Ukraine and its implications for international relations, particularly focusing on Russia's financial struggles and its relationship with China. He explained how China could leverage Russia's dependency on them for space exploration, as well as the potential for a strategic pivot in U.S.-Russia relations. Our Space Show audience group discussed the complex dynamics between China, Russia, and the West, including the potential for conflict in the Asia-Pacific region and the strategic importance of oil supplies.Also discussed was the space race between the US and China for lunar dominance, with Rick explaining that while China is progressing steadily with their lunar program, the US has fallen behind schedule. They explored the strategic importance of the moon, including the potential for militarization and the need for a strong US presence to deter China and Russia. The discussion touched on the Artemis Accords, Gateway station, and the potential for Starlink-type satellites to create a communications network around the moon. Rick suggested that winning the race to populate the moon is more important than just sending people there, and emphasized the need for the US to show strength and leadership in space.Fisher explained the Chinese moon landing strategy, which involves a two-stage vehicle with a propulsion module that detaches and crashes into the lunar surface, raising safety concerns. David questioned how to sell the importance of space exploration to the American public and suggested that current Artemis mission plans might be too complex to meet the goal of landing on the moon before China. Rick acknowledged these concerns and expressed hope that Secretary Duffy would gather the necessary expertise to make informed decisions about the mission plans.We went on to discuss the importance of the Starship program for future moon missions, with Fisher emphasizing its critical role in winning the race to populate the moon. Marshall expressed optimism about the double-catch capability of Starship, predicting it could be achieved by Flight Test 13 in February. Rick warned about the competition from Chinese Starships, which could conduct heavy-lift missions to the moon by the mid-2030s, and suggested developing nuclear-powered capabilities for a more economical presence on the moon. The conversation concluded with a brief update on Starship's flight schedule, including Demo 11's suborbital flight later this year and the orbital flight planned for early 2026.David and Richard discussed the implications of China's military parade, where they showcased advanced weapons systems, including anti-ballistic missile capabilities and nuclear strike systems. Richard explained that China's propaganda aims to assert they now have the world's most powerful military, potentially influencing allies like Japan. He noted that while some Chinese claims about their parade displays are likely accurate, their advancements in strategic defense and offense could pose significant challenges to U.S. missile defense systems, particularly the "Golden Dome" initiative.The discussion focused on China's development and deployment of unmanned combat aircraft and their broader military modernization efforts, which Rick described as a "shock" due to their advanced capabilities and potential threat to U.S. military superiority. Rick and John agreed that the U.S. had been focusing on the wrong priorities for the past 20 years, particularly in Afghanistan, while neglecting military modernization and arms control agreements. The conversation concluded with a discussion about China's military parade, which revealed their plans for aircraft carriers and a robust space architecture to support global military projection, emphasizing the interconnected nature of space and terrestrial military capabilities.David and Rick discussed the challenges of Congress's understanding and funding of defense programs, noting a lack of expertise and a focus on social issues over national security. Rick highlighted bipartisan support for key U.S. priorities like helping Israel and Taiwan but criticized the military's failure to anticipate and address emerging threats proactively. John shared concerns about the slow progress in missile development, attributing it to bureaucratic hurdles, and David expressed worry about the future implications of these issues for national security and peace.We talked about the importance of space exploration and national security expressing concern about the China Challenge and the need to secure interests in the Earth-Moon-Mars system. The Space Show audience agreed to address national security from a different perspective in the next live show with Dean Chang, who recently debated the Wolf Amendment. Marshall and John shared insights on military developments, including the obsolescence of current strategic forces and ongoing efforts to develop new technologies like hypersonic missiles and advanced fighter jets. They also discussed a hypothetical space-based weapon concept and agreed to further explore this topic in an upcoming Sunday Open Lines program on Sunday, Sept. 28.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4434 ZOOM Lynn Harper | Sunday 21 Sep 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Harper, LynnZOOM Biomedical science in space, commercial space profitability, ISS and moreLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/streamStream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Meeting assets for Seager HM with Dr. Sara Seager, Sept. 10, 2025Dr. Seager focused on a groundbreaking discovery of an ionic liquid compound that could potentially support life on planets without water, made accidentally during research for a Venus space mission. The discussion explored the scientific implications of this discovery, including its potential to expand our understanding of habitable zones and life beyond Earth, while highlighting ongoing research and experiments in this area. The conversation concluded with a discussion of space exploration strategies and the announcement of a privately funded mission to Venus scheduled for 2026, which will investigate cloud particles and ionic liquids.Professor Sarah Seeger from MIT was welcomed to Hotel Mars to discuss a recent discovery about a planet without water that may be able to sustain life. David noted that this discovery was unexpected and not widely publicized. The conversation began with introductions and background information about Professor Seeger's role at MIT, focusing on planetary science.Dr Seager discussed the discovery of an ionic liquid compound in a laboratory setting that could potentially exist on planets. He explained that this liquid, held together by ionic bonds, has a very low vapor pressure and doesn't evaporate easily, making it a promising candidate for supporting life beyond water. The discovery was made accidentally by her postdoc while working on a Venus space mission project where they were trying to collect and evaporate sulfuric acid cloud particles to search for signs of life.Our guest discussed the concept of recognizing life beyond Earth, particularly focusing on ionic liquids as potential habitats for life on planets where water cannot exist. He explained that while biomolecules are stable in ionic liquids, no planets with such conditions have been found yet, making this part of a long-term research journey. David noted that the current habitable zone model needs refinement with adjectives like "water habitable" or "ionic liquid habitable" zone, and mentioned ongoing experiments in his lab that could be replicated by others. She also discussed the possibility of ionic liquids existing below Venus's clouds, though more research is needed to confirm this possibility.Sara discussed the concept of ionic liquids as potential life-preserving agents in space, particularly in the context of panspermia theory. He explored the possibility of finding ionic fluids on Earth, including in ocean vents and volcanic areas, and considered their potential to sustain life beyond water. The discussion highlighted that while these substances could last for millions of years in space, they might be vulnerable to high-energy particles. The conversation concluded with a note about needed further research on ionic fluids and their potential discovery on planets.Sarah discussed her vision for space exploration with an unlimited budget, proposing two approaches: sample return missions from solar system planets, and the development of Solar Gravitational Lens Telescopes for distant planet observation. She emphasized the importance of studying Venus's atmosphere as a more practical near-term goal, leading to the formation of the Morningstar missions consortium. She announced a privately funded Rocket Lab mission to Venus scheduled for 2026, which will investigate cloud particles and ionic liquids, noting that this mission is sponsored by Schmidt Sciences and built by Rocket Lab.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4434 ZOOM Lynn Harper | Sunday 21 Sep 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Harper, LynnZOOM Biomedical science in space, commercial space profitability, ISS and moreLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/streamStream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

The Space Show with Dr. Gerta Keller for Sunday, Sept. 14, 2025 are ready!This Space Show program featured guest Dr. Gerta Keller, a paleontologist and geologist from Princeton, who has challenged the traditional asteroid impact theory for dinosaurs' extinction, presenting evidence that volcanic activity from the Deccan Traps in India was the primary cause. Our discussion concluded with an exploration of the scientific debates surrounding dinosaur extinction theories, including the role of climate change and the implications for understanding current environmental challenges.Dr. Keller, a professor emeritus of paleontology and geology at Princeton, shared her journey from a childhood in poverty to becoming a leading expert on mass extinctions and impact events. She discussed her unconventional path, including traveling the world during wars and surviving a shooting, before eventually pursuing a career in science. Dr. Keller's research challenges the traditional asteroid impact theory for the extinction of dinosaurs, proposing instead that volcanic activity played a significant role. The Space Show audience was introduced to her work and invited to learn more about her findings and career.In more detail, Dr. Keller shared her remarkable journey from a young girl loving to read in Switzerland to becoming a pioneering paleontologist and geologist. She described her early life, education, and travels, including her experiences during the Flower Child era in San Francisco. Gerta's academic career took her from SF City College to Stanford and Princeton, where she worked on microfossils and climate change. She eventually returned to her interest in dinosaurs and challenged the widely accepted theory that an asteroid impact caused the dinosaurs' extinction. Gerta's research suggested that volcanic activity and climate change played a significant role in the fifth mass extinction, challenging the Alvarez hypothesis.Dr. Keller discussed her discovery of impact glass spherules from multiple asteroid impacts during the Eocene, approximately 38 million years ago, which contradicted the widely accepted theory that a single asteroid impact caused the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago. She explained that her research, which included finding pristine 2-meter thick layers of impact glass in Mexico, was initially rejected by peer reviewers for 10 years before being published in 1983. The discovery led to a heated debate at a major conference in Nice, France, where Keller presented evidence of multiple impacts, while others argued for a tsunami theory.Gerta discussed her research challenging the asteroid impact theory for the KT boundary event, presenting evidence that the iridium anomaly could instead be explained by volcanic activity. She described how her work with a NASA Astro chemist and their student revealed that the iridium was actually from water-suspended material, not an asteroid impact. Gerta also shared her findings from extensive drilling in India, where she discovered that massive Deccan Traps volcanic activity occurred rapidly and had a significant global climate impact, supporting his theory that volcanic activity rather than an asteroid caused the mass extinction.Dr. Keller explained that the Deccan Traps volcanic activity, not the Chicxulub impact, caused the dinosaurs' extinction. She described how the volcanic eruptions led to gradual global warming over millions of years, which eventually caused the extinction by making dinosaur eggs unviable due to thickened shells. She emphasized that her theory has been competing with the impact theory for decades, but recent evidence supports her volcanic hypothesis. She noted that while the Chicxulub impact occurred 200,000 years before the mass extinction, it was not the cause.Keller discussed the Cretaceous-Paleogene (KP) extinction event, emphasizing that while the Chicxulub impact occurred, it did not cause global effects. She explained that the Deccan Traps volcanic eruptions were the primary cause of the mass extinction, as they released vast amounts of toxins into the atmosphere, blocking sunlight and preventing new life from emerging. Keller noted that dinosaur specialists rejected the Alvarez theory soon after its publication, as they had data showing the extinction was not global. She also clarified that while crocodiles and alligators survived the extinction, their eggs were not affected by the volcanic toxins, unlike those of dinosaurs.Our discussion then focused on the factors that contributed to the extinction of dinosaurs, with Keller explaining that while the asteroid impact is often highlighted, volcanic activity from the Deccan traps in India played a significant role over millions of years. David, using ChatGPT, shared insights about crocodiles' evolutionary advantages, including their cold-blooded nature, diverse diet, and aquatic lifestyle, which allowed them to survive mass extinction events better than larger land animals. The conversation concluded with Gerta describing the "Dinosaur Wars" period since 1980, where scientific debates over the cause of dinosaur extinction led to funding prioritization for impact theory research over volcanic activity, despite growing evidence supporting both factors.Dr. Gerta Keller, discussed her alternative theory to the asteroid impact hypothesis for the extinction of dinosaurs, emphasizing that her idea has been consistently ignored despite substantial evidence. She highlighted the parallels between the rapid climate change that led to the dinosaurs' extinction and the current human-induced climate crisis, expressing concern about the potential consequences. I noted the lack of competing theories for the dinosaur extinction until Keller's work and asked about the value of her findings for future generations. Ajay, interested in the Deccan volcanic theory, inquired about ongoing research in India, and the discussion concluded with reflections on the moral lessons from the past and the urgency of addressing climate change.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4434 ZOOM Lynn Harper | Sunday 21 Sep 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Harper, LynnZOOM Biomedical science in space, commercial space profitability, ISS and moreLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/streamStream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServhttps://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Meeting assets for Doug Loverro discussion are ready! Friday, 9-12-25We welcomed national security consultant Doug Loverro back to the program which focused on discussing NASA's lunar exploration program and its challenges, with participants expressing concerns about the current complexity of the mission architecture and its potential for failure. We explored alternative approaches and architectures, including simpler lander options and reusable vehicle systems, while considering the geopolitical implications of China's space program and the need for U.S. technological leadership. The discussion concluded with proposals for an independent review of NASA's space program to assess its feasibility and recommend potential changes, with emphasis on the importance of maintaining American prominence in space exploration. Space Show supporters John Jossy, Dr. Ajay Kothari and Dr. Phil Swan were with us for this program.Our guest Doug Loverro expressed concerns about the current space exploration plan, highlighting its complexity and potential scheduling issues. He emphasized that while the long-term goal of using readability and refueling in space depots is supported, the short-term plan faces criticism due to its complexity and reliance on new technologies. Doug also addressed the debate about the necessity of returning to the moon, arguing that it is important for maintaining global technological leadership and potentially having a strategic advantage in future space exploration efforts.Our guest, a former NASA official, and his co-authors argue that NASA's current approach to returning to the moon may not be sufficient to beat China's timeline. They highlight the need for a more focused and accelerated strategy, drawing on their extensive experience in space system development. The authors emphasize the importance of the U.S. being the first to return to the moon, a goal supported by political leaders, while acknowledging differing opinions on the necessity of such a mission.Doug expressed concerns about NASA's complex architecture for returning to the moon, highlighting that it requires multiple unprecedented tasks to succeed and risks failure due to its complexity. He emphasized that simpler, more sustainable methods exist for establishing initial lunar capability while working on long-term solutions. David inquired about NASA's rationale for designing such a complex program, to which Doug explained the program's origins from previous administration goals and the challenges of aligning different elements. Douglas suggested that NASA's new leadership, including Acting Administrator Duffy, should consider an independent body to assess the current plan's feasibility and potentially recommend changes.The discussion focused on the challenges and feasibility of using SpaceX's Starship for human lunar missions. Phil raised concerns about the technical difficulties of reusing Starship for orbital refueling and landing on the moon, while Doug acknowledged these challenges but emphasized that SpaceX has demonstrated rapid development capabilities. Ajay once again suggested considering Falcon Heavy as an alternative, and Doug shared his experience with Falcon Heavy's development. The group discussed the need for an independent team to evaluate different architectures and involve experts from various companies and organizations to accelerate progress.Doug and David discussed the geopolitical implications of China's potential moon and Mars missions, with Doug emphasizing the importance of technological leadership and the need for a better plan to compete with China. They agreed that the U.S. has already ceded some ground in scientific research to Chinese universities, but both expressed optimism about the potential to rebuild American technological and economic leadership through increased investment in science and technology. The conversation concluded with David asking for Doug's and the group's proposed solution to the current lunar program issues, though Douglas did not provide a specific answer in the transcript.Doug and Ajay discussed the challenges and potential solutions for returning to the moon. They agreed that using a lunar lander based on storable propellants and existing technology would be simpler and more cost-effective than the current plans involving Starship. Doug suggested using the Blue Moon Lander, which could potentially be refueled by a Starship, as a viable option. They also discussed the importance of starting with easier missions in equatorial locations before attempting more challenging ones at higher latitudes.Doug explained that Artemis is not a specific architecture but an intent to return to the moon, and he believes it is compatible with existing law. He noted that while SpaceX conducts internal design reviews, there is a lack of external scrutiny compared to traditional NASA processes. Our guest expressed concerns about the current state of the program, citing a lack of detailed information in NASA briefings and the opinions of former NASA administrators who doubt the current plan's viability. He emphasized the need for a comprehensive review of the program's status to inform Congress and potentially lead to changes in the plan.Doug explained that an independent review of NASA's space program could be completed within 45 days, similar to a previous review he led at NASA. He emphasized that with full access to technical information and NASA's cooperation, such a review could provide clear answers about the program's viability by the end of October, with a preferred path forward identified by January 2026. David inquired about the necessary steps to initiate this process, and Douglas identified the need for Secretary Duffy's involvement to gain access to detailed technical knowledge and NASA's support, stressing that the review should not be perceived as a fight but rather as a collaborative effort to find the right answers.Doug and Ajay expressed their commitment to keeping the U.S. in the lead, emphasizing their shared goal of maintaining national prominence. Doug criticized NASA's leadership turnover and lack of continuity, which he believes has hindered the long-term success of the moon program. Phil raised concerns about potential moisture issues in SpaceX's Starship heat shield tiles, which Doug acknowledged but could not definitively address. John inquired about the feasibility of placing a nuclear reactor on the moon by 2030, to which Douglas expressed doubt about the difficulty of this task.Douglas the challenges and complexities of refueling missions for space exploration, highlighting the need for a fuel depot and tanker systems, and noted that simpler architectures might have lower development costs but could lead to higher long-term operational expenses. Ajay emphasized the cost-effectiveness of reusable vehicles, citing Falcon 9 as an example, and suggested that simpler, expendable vehicles are not cost-efficient in the long run. The group debated whether the current approach to lunar exploration, involving the Space Launch System (SLS) and Gateway, aligns with the goals of the Artemis program, with John and Phil expressing concerns about the architecture's feasibility and cost. David encouraged further analysis and discussion on alternative architectures while noting the importance of meeting geopolitical objectives in space exploration.Thank you.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4430 ZOOM Dr. Gerta Keller | Sunday 14 Sep 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. Gerta kellerzoom Dr. Keller discusses her book, "The Last Extinction: The Real Science Behind The Death of the Dinosaurs"Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Listeners, please see the introductory video on the Avealto website, www.avealto.com.Walt Andereson, CEO and Co-founder of AVEALTO, was our guest for this program. We focused on Walt's company's progress in developing high-altitude communication platforms to provide affordable internet access to underserved areas, including discussions about funding, regulatory approvals, and technical capabilities. Later, other topics were explored including Mars colonization, satellite technology, and frequency reuse strategies, with Walt presenting his company's terrestrial communication technology as a cost-effective alternative to satellite services. The conversation concluded with discussions about investment opportunities and upcoming events, including an art exhibition featuring aerospace-related artwork.Concerning program detail, Walt talked about his company's progress and future plans. Walt explained that they are close to securing funding for their first three vehicles, with a term sheet signed and due diligence underway. He mentioned their plans to operate in Malaysia, where they have received positive responses from regulators and a potential customer. Walt expressed hope that the funding will go through, as they have been waiting for this opportunity for a long time.Walt shared the introductory video referenced above explaining Avealto' s platform, which provides affordable internet access to underserved areas by deploying platforms 20 kilometers above Earth. They briefly touched on space exploration, with Walt expressing skepticism about the feasibility of long-term human habitation on Mars and advocating for O'Neill colonies instead.Walt presented Avealto's new telecom technology that uses high-altitude platforms at 20,000 meters to provide internet service to remote areas. Unlike traditional satellites, Avealto's platforms offer low latency and low power consumption, allowing for affordable connectivity in areas currently unserved by traditional means. Walt explained that the company has developed test vehicles and is working with UK-based manufacturers to build the final 331-foot-long vehicles, which will be launched and maintained to provide coverage for 45,000 square kilometers. The technology aims to compete with satellite operators by offering 75-80% lower costs, targeting telecom operators and direct home users in underserved regions.Walt explained the supply and pricing of helium, noting that while it's a byproduct of natural gas, its limited commercial uses make it expensive. He discussed their balloon-based communication platform's coverage capabilities, highlighting its potential to provide connectivity in underserved areas like the Mojave Desert and remote regions worldwide. Walt also addressed regulatory considerations, explaining that as an unmanned aerial vehicle, they operate under aviation regulations which are increasingly harmonized globally, and described their experience with high-altitude operations, including navigating the jet stream and military airspace.Walt discussed the regulatory and technical challenges of using frequencies in Southeast Asia, highlighting successful negotiations with Malaysian regulators and plans to expand to other countries like Indonesia and the Philippines. He explained the limitations of their solar-powered technology, which currently operates within 30 degrees of the equator, and mentioned a potential future partnership with Electric Sky to overcome these constraints. Walt also shared that they recently secured funding to build their factory in the UK and are on track to begin operations in Malaysia within 23 months, with plans to produce and deploy multiple vehicles to address the digital divide.Walt explained his company's terrestrial communication technology, which provides high-capacity, low-latency connectivity at a lower cost than satellite services like Starlink. He noted that while they have many MOUs, securing long-term contracts is challenging due to the commoditized nature of the satellite industry. Walt emphasized that their technology offers superior quality compared to satellite-based services, as it provides dedicated, non-contended capacity to serve towers and infrastructure rather than individual devices. He also clarified that they do not pursue military contracts, citing ethical and commercial reasons, and instead focus on providing affordable connectivity to underserved areas globally.The group, consisting of Space Show supporters Marshall Martin and Joe Pistritto, discussed space colonization options, with Walt advocating for O'Neill colonies in space over Mars settlement due to Mars' 38% gravity and lack of valuable resources. Walt expressed concerns about Elon Musk's Mars plans, noting that solving Earth's climate change would be 100 times cheaper than terraforming Mars. Joe shared his interest in Mars settlement while Marshall suggested farming could be a key activity on Mars. The discussion concluded with concerns about payload capabilities, with Joe noting that reliable, affordable large-payload launches are crucial for both O'Neill colonies and Mars missions.Walt discussed the challenges and opportunities in the satellite internet market, emphasizing the limited profitability of deploying large numbers of satellites due to replacement and maintenance costs. He highlighted the potential for competition with other companies and the need to efficiently use available frequencies to meet growing demand. Walt also mentioned a business model involving backup service for urban areas and the possibility of expanding capacity in the future. He concluded by pitching a convertible note investment opportunity to private investors, offering a 20% discount on a larger deal.Walt discussed his company's plans to reuse frequencies for satellite communications, explaining how they can avoid interference by using low-power signals and focusing on ground-level communications rather than satellite links. He noted that while the FCC would be challenging to work with, there are many countries eager to solve their digital divide through this technology. The group also discussed streaming services' impact on bandwidth usage, with Joe sharing his experience as an early Starlink user in California's Amador County. David provided information about an upcoming art exhibition in Fairfax, Virginia featuring an aerospace engineer's work, and Walt expressed interest in attending the opening reception.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4429: ZOOM Doug Loverro | Friday 12 Sep 2025 930AM PTGuests: Douglas LoverroZOOM: Doug discusses return to the Moon policy per his recent Space News Op Ed dated 9-2-25 titled "We led NASA's human exploration program. Here's what Artemis needs next." co-authored by Doug Cooke and Dan DumbacherBroadcast 4430 ZOOM Dr. Gerta Keller | Sunday 14 Sep 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. Gerta kellerzoom Dr. Keller discusses her book, "The Last Extinction: The Real Science Behind The Death of the Dinosaurs"Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Andy Crocker is an aerospace executive with three decades of experience across human and robotic exploration, hypersonics, and missile defense. He's held senior leadership roles, developed innovative technologies, and managed complex system programs for NASA, commercial, and Department of Defense customers, culminating in building the Human Landing System. He's an Associate Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He holds undergraduate and graduate degrees in engineering, humanities, management, and leadership. This multidisciplinary educational background and diverse career shaped his perspective that led to “The Unconditionals”, in which he reveals the foundational, timeless values that help readers unlock the potential for their greatest personal and professional fulfillment. He recently founded Overview Affection, a company that aims to extend the values contained in “The Unconditionals” to individuals and organizations. For more information, visit andycrockerbooks.com.

Meeting assets for Dallas HM record are ready! 9-3-25Hi David LivingstonOur Hote Mars discussion covered plans for Cis-lunar space activities, including upcoming missions and the development of transportation infrastructure needed for commercial operations. Our guest, Dallas Bienhoff, presented concepts for establishing permanent human presence on the moon and Mars, outlining necessary infrastructure systems and technology requirements. The conversation concluded with a discussion of energy supply challenges on the moon and the potential implementation of nuclear power stations.Our conversation also focused on Cis-lunar space, the region between Earth and the Moon, including Lagrange points and lunar orbit. Dallas explained that while there's currently limited activity in this area, 30-40 missions are planned for the near future, including both robotic and human missions as part of NASA's Artemis program. He noted that transportation nodes and propellant depots will be needed for commercial missions, with SpaceX and Blue Origin planning reusable systems for this purpose. The conversation also touched on the potential for space tourism and military considerations in Cis-lunar space, with Dallas emphasizing that while the Space Force is interested in monitoring the area, the Outer Space Treaty prevents any country from claiming ownership of space locations.Dallas, a space systems architect for OffWorld.ai, discussed plans for establishing a permanent human presence on the moon and Mars with an unlimited budget as a result of John's question. He outlined the need for infrastructure systems on the moon, including habitats, roads, power sources, and in-situ resource utilization to create building materials and water. Dallas addressed the technology readiness levels of various space vehicles and the challenges of energy supply on the moon, suggesting that nuclear power would be necessary. He estimated that a nuclear power station on the moon could be operational in 5 to 7 years, though NASA aims for a shorter timeline. As for nuclear on the moon, he said it was essential and explained why that was so.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4429: ZOOM Doug Loverro | Friday 12 Sep 2025 930AM PTGuests: Douglas LoverroZOOM: Doug discusses return to the Moon policy per his recent Space News Op Ed dated 9-2-25 titled "We led NASA's human exploration program. Here's what Artemis needs next." co-authored by Doug Cooke and Dan DumbacherBroadcast 4430 ZOOM Dr. Gerta Keller | Sunday 14 Sep 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. Gerta kellerzoom Dr. Keller discusses her book, "The Last Extinction: The Real Science Behind The Death of the Dinosaurs"Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Meeting assets for The Space Show Present Mike Gold are ready! 8-29-25Hi David LivingstonThe following assets for the meeting - The Space Show Present Mike Gold are now available.Our program began with discussions about UAP research and national security concerns, including Michael Gold's involvement with NASA's UAP Independent Study Team and his testimony before Congress. The group explored space exploration initiatives, focusing on commercial space activities, human spaceflight capabilities, and international collaboration through the Artemis accords. The conversation concluded with discussions about budget and fiscal challenges, particularly regarding NASA's funding priorities and the need for strategic objectives in space exploration, while also addressing national debt concerns and immigration policies. He went on to discuss his new role at Redwire, focusing on international space business, particularly in Europe where he sees significant growth potential due to the continent's efforts to develop independent space capabilities. He expressed concern about national security threats related to drone technology, noting that if a conflict with China were to occur, they would likely employ similar tactics to Ukraine's against Russia. The discussion concluded with Gold revealing his involvement with NASA's UAP Independent Study Team and congressional testimony on the topic. Space Show participants including John Hunt, John Jossy, Dr. Ajay Kothari, Marshall Martin, guest Dr. Hank Alewine, Bill Gowan and Dr. Doug Plata.As for speaking on the UAP issue and concerns, our guest talked about the importance of addressing unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAP), particularly adversary drones, which he believes could pose a significant threat similar to what Ukraine did to Russia. He expressed concern about the stigma surrounding UAP and emphasized the need for enhanced anti-UAV capabilities to protect military bases, critical infrastructure, and nuclear facilities from potential drone attacks. Gold noted that while the current administration is more attentive to UAP issues, further acceleration in developing drone technology and defense strategies is necessary to prevent future conflicts.He brought up the NASA UAP Independent Study Team's findings and expressed disappointment with the treatment of academic members who faced ridicule and threats for their participation. He highlighted the need for a more objective scientific approach and emphasized the importance of analyzing data and witness testimony from pilots, such as those involved in the Tic Tac incident. Gold also suggested that NASA conduct an archival review and leverage AI/ML to search for UAP-related data, and proposed expanding the NASA ASRS system to include UAP reporting.The group discussed the potential for using the ASRS reporting system to transform pilots, crew members, and passengers into sensors for detecting unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP), which could provide valuable data for national security and scientific research. Marshall highlighted the growing global internet connectivity and increased bandwidth, enabling rapid deployment of cameras and sensors to capture anomalies. John Hunt shared insights on the historical context of UAP sightings, particularly around nuclear facilities, and expressed skepticism about some conspiracy theories. Michael emphasized the need for NASA to play a role in collecting and archiving UAP data, while also noting the challenges posed by the physics of UAP sightings. The discussion concluded with optimism about the future of UAP research, particularly under the leadership of NASA's interim administrator, Sean Duffy, and the potential for bipartisan support in Congress.We moved on with a discussion about the importance of human spaceflight and the potential for commercialization of the International Space Station (ISS). He highlighted Redwire's recent developments in bioprinting and pharmaceuticals, including the creation of a subsidiary called Space MD to commercialize space-grown crystals for drug development. Michael addressed concerns about the ISS's commercialization and its impact on funding for Moon and Mars initiatives, emphasizing that all three should be pursued simultaneously. He also touched on Redwire's global operations, including its presence in Europe and plans for expansion. The discussion concluded with questions about the timeline for bio printed medical implants and potential collaboration on artificial gravity technologies.The group talked about several space exploration initiatives, focusing on seed crystal development for drug creation and agricultural research in microgravity. Michael Gold highlighted Red Wire's collaboration with NASA and Vast for flying a pillbox in Haven One, emphasizing the importance of microgravity for various fields including agriculture and organ fabrication. Ajay raised concerns about the lack of focus on lunar infrastructure and cargo missions, suggesting the use of Falcon Heavy for cost-effective cargo transport to the moon. The discussion also touched on the need for human spaceflight capabilities to compete with China and the importance of cargo systems, with Michael noting that the administration plans to enhance the CLPS program with CLPS 2.0 for more robust lunar surface operations.Much was said about the Artemis Accords. The Artemis Accords and their success in bringing 56 countries together, with Doug proposing the need for a follow-on to coordinate international lunar exploration as Starship development progresses. Michael Gold emphasized the importance of leveraging the accords to optimize investments and collaborations among nations, while expressing caution regarding potential deals with China due to national security concerns and IP theft. The discussion also touched on Redwire's focus on innovation to address economic challenges and create new opportunities for America.The group discussed the potential of SpaceX's Starship for space manufacturing, with Michael highlighting its cost-effectiveness for launching large payloads like medical laboratories. They explored the economic and strategic importance of space exploration, with Gold emphasizing the need for continued investment in space capabilities to maintain American leadership and national security. The conversation also touched on the future of the International Space Station (ISS) and the importance of developing commercial space stations, with Gold advocating for maximizing ISS utilization while advancing plans for a Commercial LEO Destination (CLD).The group discussed the challenges of reducing the national debt, with Hank and David agreeing that current spending rates outpace revenue growth, making it difficult to balance the budget. They explored potential solutions, including selective increases in legal immigration and the role of automation and AI in the workforce, with Hank expressing concerns about AI's impact on education and cheating in online courses. The conversation concluded with a discussion of the demographic challenges facing many countries, including the United States, and the need to consider alternative approaches to immigration and education in response to these changes.As for the challenges of addressing the national debt and deficit, Hank noted that increased federal revenue through taxation has not led to reduced spending. David and Marshall highlighted how tax increases can reduce production and marketing, while John Hunt suggested that gradual inflation could help reduce the debt over time, though this approach faces political and economic challenges. The conversation also touched on the potential for state and local governments to handle certain services more efficiently, with Hank questioning the necessity of some federal rolesThe group discussed space policy and budget issues, with Hank expressing concerns about NASA's funding and the broader space sector's impact on national debt. Hank, who wrote the first paper on space accounting, emphasized the need for a complete rebranding of NASA's objectives in the new space economy and highlighted the lack of courage among academics and practitioners to discuss fiscal responsibility in space spending. The conversation also touched on the challenges of having open discussions about space funding priorities, with Hank noting that such conversations often become political and lead to excessive spending through Continuing Resolutions.As we were nearing the end of the program, we discussed NASA's priorities and budget, with Hank emphasizing the need to focus on strategic objectives and eliminate inefficiencies, particularly in activities that could be better handled by the private sector. They critically examined the cost and timeline issues of the SLS program, with Hank noting that NASA's infrastructure is often spread across congressional districts to secure funding. The conversation also touched on China's advanced space program and its potential to surpass the U.S. in lunar exploration, highlighting the need for the U.S. to accelerate its efforts. Mike offered his comments and thoughts on this issues as we closed our meeting.Be sure to watch the Zoom video of this program at doctorspace.substack.com. The audio will also be posted there as well as The Space Show website.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:No program on Sunday August 31 due to Labor Day Holiday Weekend.Live Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Meeting assets for record hotel lmal are ready!Hi David LivingstonThe following assets for the meeting - record hotel lmal are now available.Meeting summaryQuick recapSpaceX successfully conducted a Starship 10 test flight that achieved its key objectives despite some technical issues, though the delays have pushed back various mission timelines by about 9 months. The flight demonstrated successful satellite deployment capabilities and tested the vehicle's reentry technology, with plans to deploy real satellites on future missions. SpaceX is working toward a monthly launch cadence starting in 2026 with the Starship V3 version, while discussions continue regarding the vehicle's return to the launch site in Mexico.Next steps* SpaceX to continue development and testing of Starship V.3 with more powerful Raptor engines* SpaceX to work with FAA and Mexican government to address regulatory concerns about Starship returning to the launch site over Mexico* SpaceX to prepare for potential deployment of Starlink satellites on future operational Starship flights* SpaceX to analyze data collected from the heat shield performance during reentry* SpaceX to investigate the engine issue and flap damage that occurred during the Starship 10 test flightSummarySpaceX Starship 10 Test ReviewThe discussion focused on SpaceX's successful Starship 10 test flight, where Eric Berger from Ars Technica explained that the mission achieved its objectives of testing the upper stage performance, satellite deployment, and heat shield reentry, despite some engine issues and flap damage. David asked if the flight put SpaceX back on track, to which Berger replied that while they weren't off track, the delays have pushed back timelines for Starlink satellite deployments, refueling tests, and lunar missions by about 9 months. The conversation concluded with a discussion about SpaceX's reentry technology and the decision not to recover the Starship 1st stage during this test.SpaceX Starship Test Flight UpdateDavid discussed SpaceX's recent Starship test flight, explaining that while the vehicle reached nearly 200 kilometers in altitude, it intentionally stayed below orbital speed to ensure a controlled reentry. He noted that the flight successfully demonstrated the ability to deploy dummy Starlink satellites using a "Pez dispenser" mechanism, with plans to deploy real satellites on future flights. David also mentioned that SpaceX is working towards a monthly launch cadence starting in 2026 with the Starship V3 version, though there are ongoing discussions with Mexico regarding the return of the vehicle to the launch site.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:No program on Sunday August 31 due to Labor Day Holiday Weekend.Live Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServhttps://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

We welcomed our guest, Dr. Namrata Goswami, with the objectives of exploring China's lunar ambitions and space policies, comparing them to US initiatives while discussing the implications for commercial space activities and national security. The discussion concluded with analyses of China's strategic energy initiatives and space technology development, including their approach to commercial space partnerships and the potential impact of U.S. sanctions on Russian oil imports on India's space relationships. Space Show participants included Marshal Martin, Dr. Ajay Kothari, Rick Kwan, John Hunt, Dr. Charles Lurio and Amir Notea.As a group discussed recent changes in U.S. space policy and personnel, including the departure of a controversial now ambassador to India. Namrata Goswami returned as a guest to analyze these developments. They also reviewed SpaceX's successful Starship Demo 10 flight and discussed the importance of India as a strategic partner in space. The show highlighted upcoming events, including an art exhibition by Dr. Kothari in Fairfax, Virginia, and encouraged listeners to support the Space Show through donations or sponsorships.Namrata discussed China's lunar program, highlighting its focus on building an industrial capacity and infrastructure on the moon by 2036, including a 1 megawatt nuclear energy capability. She compared this to the US Artemis program, noting that while both aim to build lunar bases, China's ambitions are on a larger scale. Namrata also addressed concerns about China potentially misbehaving on the moon, explaining that China's strategic culture, as a one-party state, has historically involved occupying resource-rich areas. She suggested that the US needs to enhance its cislunar domain awareness, establish clear policy guidance for lunar infrastructure development, and take leadership in creating a regulatory structure for lunar activities to counter China's ambitions.Namrata discussed the evolving discourse on space policy, highlighting how legal systems established in the 1960s and 1970s did not anticipate the current commercial space sector. She noted that while her research and analysis are reflected in some policy documents, there is still a need to address the global nature of space activities and the importance of space infrastructure. David inquired about the impact of Namrata's work on space policy, to which she explained that her research has influenced national security considerations and policy discussions, though not directly leading to specific policy outcomes.Charles inquired about China's plans for their Long March 10 and 9 rockets, and Namrata clarified the differences between the two. She explained that the Long March 10A is a non-reusable rocket intended for lunar missions by 2030, while the Long March 9 is a heavy-lift rocket designed to be partially reusable by 2030, with a goal of full reusability by 2040. Namrata also highlighted that China's space program is driven by specific missions and infrastructure goals, such as space-based solar power and a Mars base, and emphasized the ideological purposes behind their rocket development, similar to SpaceX's narrative.The discussion focused on comparing China's commercial space sector with the US model. Namrata explained that while the US has a traditional public-private partnership where government funds commercial space activities through agencies like NASA, China's system is more integrated with government funding and direction. She noted that China's commercial space companies, though not state-owned, receive significant government funding and operate under a legal framework where they must support national defense and security initiatives if requested. The conversation highlighted how China's approach has allowed it to become an innovation powerhouse in areas like quantum computing and AI, while maintaining control over strategic technologies through its National Defense Law.The discussion next focused on the potential impact of U.S. sanctions on Russian oil imports on India's space partnership with the U.S. Namrata explained that while India has economic concerns about oil prices affecting its population, the space partnership remains strong, with ongoing collaborations including NASA's NISAR satellite launch and human spaceflight programs. The conversation also explored space policies in the Middle East, particularly the United Arab Emirates' ambitious goals including Mars missions and space resource utilization, as well as Saudi Arabia's plans for a spaceport and smart city. The group discussed whether sanctions on Russian oil would force India and China to comply with U.S. demands, with Namrata noting that economic sanctions could be challenging in India due to its large population and dependence on oil imports, though the outcome remained uncertain.Namrata discussed China's strategic energy initiatives, particularly their discovery of thorium deposits and development of nuclear and space-based solar power programs per comments from Ajay. Namrata explained that under President Xi Jinping, China has identified energy as a critical strategic area due to concerns about energy security and the "Malacca Dilemma," and has been investing heavily in alternative energy sources and space technology. The conversation ended with Marshall expressing his impression of SpaceX's Starship 10 launch, while Rick announced he would soon be traveling to China.Please see the Zoom video of this program a doctorspace.substack.com. The program audio will also be posted on Substack along with being posted on TSS website. Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:No program on Sunday August 31 due to Labor Day Holiday Weekend.Live Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServhttps://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

OL for Sunday, 8-24-25 Meeting summaryOur Open Lines program began with members of our Advisory Board in the Zoom meeting on casual conversation about the upcoming Starship test 10 flight. The group then explored various space-related topics including more Starship test flights, SpaceX, lunar landing architectures, and NASA's Artemis program, while also discussing the importance of public communication about space exploration and its potential benefits. The conversation ended with discussions about scientific discoveries, upcoming shows featuring space policy experts, and an art showing by Dr. Kothari, along with additional updates about the upcoming Starship launch.Our pre-program conversation ended with David announcing upcoming Space Show programs, including a discussion with Dr. Namrata Goswami about national security and the Chinese space program, and a potential interview with Greta, an emeritus professor from Yale who has a new thesis about the extinction of dinosaurs. Space Show program participants included Marshall Martin, John Jossy, Rick Kwan, Michael Listner, John Hunt, and Dr. A.J. Kothari.We started the actual meeting by talking about the upcoming Starship test flight (it was postponed), with Marshall estimating a 60% chance of success. They debated how success should be measured, with John Jossy noting that while not blowing up is a success, completing a good percentage of experiments is also important. Rick and Marshall discussed the transition from version 2 to version 3 of Starship, with Marshall noting that the main upgrade is replacing Raptor 2 engines with Raptor 3 engines. The group also touched on the challenges of keeping the dry weight low while maximizing payload capacity for Mars missions. They concluded that a failed test would likely have a cascading effect on schedules, particularly for Artemis, but that SpaceX has the financial resources to continue development.The group discussed the number of test flights needed for SpaceX's Starship, with Marshall suggesting 11 flights based on his spreadsheet analysis. They debated the risks of betting on the Artemis program's timeline to beat China to the moon, with John Hunt and David expressing concerns about the current infrastructure and delays. Rick noted that Chinese technology is rapidly improving, potentially making it harder to catch up. The discussion concluded with David suggesting that Congress might not be as motivated to play catch-up with China as previous generations were with the Soviets.In addition, we discussed potential lunar landing and return architectures, with Marshall proposing to use Dragon in the nose of a Starship for moon landings, though Dr. Kothari pointed out that Dragon lacks sufficient delta-V for lunar takeoff. Ajay raised concerns about the need for NRHO operations to continue despite budget constraints, while Marshall suggested repurposing Starship as a moon base by tilting it and connecting to future Starships, which would create a legal claim on the moon. The discussion concluded with John Jossy noting that current law mandates continued use of SLS, Orion, and Gateway through Artemis 5, suggesting any architectural changes would need legislative approval.The group discussed NASA's Artemis program and leadership challenges. David expressed concerns about the lack of full-time NASA leadership and the need for better communication to the general public about space exploration's importance. Michael Listner suggested that a permanent NASA administrator might not be necessary and that the current political situation would likely remain unchanged for the foreseeable future. The group agreed to attend a special Space Show program with Mike Gold on August 28th to further discuss these issues.The group discussed the importance of both informing the public and conducting scientific/engineering work in space. Rick presented three key space manufacturing opportunities: pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, and fiber optics, noting progress through NASA's InSpace program led by Lynn Harper. They explored the potential for quantum computing in space, particularly on the moon where cooler temperatures would enable more efficient operation, and discussed the O'Neilian dream of moving heavy manufacturing into space to address environmental concerns. The conversation concluded with a discussion about the intersection of quantum computing and artificial intelligence, though concerns were raised about whether these technical advancements would resonate with the general public.Together we talked about the benefits of space research and its potential to improve lives through medical advancements, such as 3D printing of organs and artificial tissues, which could address critical shortages in organ transplants. They emphasized the importance of effectively communicating these benefits to the public, suggesting that focusing on current achievements and practical applications, rather than overhyping future possibilities, would help gain public support for space exploration. Marshall highlighted the economic potential of Starlink, predicting significant revenue that could fund future space endeavors, while Michael and others stressed the need to highlight existing technologies and their impact on daily life to engage the public. A few of our participants said to be careful not to promise too much. We had a brief discussion about that potential problem.David discussed the potential of space and low gravity environments to advance medical research, particularly in gene therapy for diseases like cystic fibrosis. He emphasized that while solutions to medical problems likely already exist, the challenge is accessing and implementing them, which requires funding and conducive environments. Rick raised concerns about the prioritization of NASA's budget for exploratory missions versus other technologies like stem cell research. David argued that a great nation can pursue multiple goals simultaneously. Marshall highlighted the role of the U.S. military and Space Force in space exploration and security, suggesting they could be a viable second source for dual-purpose initiatives. John Jossy shifted the discussion to focus on accomplishments and ongoing projects in space exploration.Some of our participants spoke to several scientific discoveries, including a landmark study on the universe's early galaxies from the James Webb Space Telescope and the discovery of super-hot spring strings that may account for dark matter. John Hunt shared updates about anomalous materials found at Skinwalker Ranch, which are being analyzed by a team of scientists, though no peer-reviewed paper has been published yet. The conversation ended with a reminder about upcoming Zoom shows, including one with Dr. Goswami on Tuesday evening.We closed by promoting an upcoming special show on Thursday at 12:30 PM West Coast time featuring Mike Gold discussing space policy and commerce. Marshall predicted that space commerce could become a significant source of income in the next 5-10 years, addressing the economic challenges of space projects. Ajay announced an art showing in Fairfax, Virginia on September 20th, featuring his work "The Abstraction of Mind from the Mind of a Rocket Scientist." The group also discussed the Starship launch for later today, with John Jossy noting that Elon Musk's update would likely be broadcast before the launch at 4 PM their time.Don't forget that you can see the Zoom video of this program and hear the audio archive at doctorspace.substack.com.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4422: ZOOM PROGRAM: Dr. Namrata Goswami | Tuesday 26 Aug 2025 700PM PTGuests: Dr. Namrata GoswamiZOOM: National security space, China space and moreBroadcast 4423: Hotel Mars with Eric Berger | Wednesday 27 Aug 2025 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David Livingston, Eric BergerStarship report, Artemis and more from Ars TechnicaBroadcast 4424: VIA ZOOM Mike Gold of Redwire returns | Thursday 28 Aug 2025 1230PM PTGuests: Mike GoldVia Zoom: Commercial space, policy, investing and lots more with Mike Gold of RedwireSunday, August 31, No show for long Labor Day Weekend Holiday | Sunday 31 Aug 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonNo show for long Labor Day Weekend HolidayLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Listeners: Watch the video if you can as our guest uses excellent visuals that are more than helpful.Meeting assets for Space Show with Mari Anne Snow of Eascra, a Nanomedicine company are ready!The following assets for the meeting - Space Show with Mari Anne Snow of Eascra, a Nanomedicine company are now available.Our program began with guest Mari Anne Snow, CEO of EASCRA Biotech, focusing ion on the Eascra Biotech's innovative work in nanomedicine, including their space missions and development of Janus-based nanoparticles for medical applications. The discussion concluded with detailed exploration of the company's space-based manufacturing processes, potential profitability, and future plans for clinical trials and product development. Joining us in the Zoom meeting were Dr. A.J. Kothari, John Jossy, and Dr. Phil Swan. All of us spoke feely during the program.David and Mari discussed the potential of regenerative medicine and its impact on orthopedic surgeries, particularly knee and hip replacements. Mari emphasized that their target customers are not orthopedic surgeons but rather payers and patients, as insurance often covers traditional replacements more readily than alternative treatments. They explored the market opportunities in conditions like osteoarthritis and neuromuscular injuries, as well as kidney diseases, with the goal of offering cost-effective and innovative treatments. David expressed interest in these topics and mentioned his experience with space medicine, noting the lack of awareness among doctors about emerging space medical technologies.Mari, the Co-founder and CEO of Esker Biotech, discussed her company's innovative work in nanomedicine, focusing on precision therapy delivery solutions for various medical applications. She highlighted their progress, including completing five space missions in 24 months, as evidence of advancements in the commercial space economy. Mari explained that while Eascra is still in early stages and preclinical, they are gathering data to approach the FDA for regulatory approval of space-made products, with the goal of ensuring their space-produced items are equivalent to those made on Earth. The discussion also touched on the company's background, Mari's experience, and the technical aspects of their work, including the challenges and opportunities in the space and medical fields.Mari discussed her company's journey from an academic spin-off of the University of Connecticut to becoming a space medicine company. She explained how the company initially focused on producing nanoparticles on Earth but transitioned to space-based manufacturing after receiving funding and opportunities from NASA's In Space Manufacturing Program. Mari detailed their successful space missions, including working with astronauts like Sunita Williams and Johnny Kim, and described their plans to automate future experiments for increased efficiency.Mari explained her company's development of Janus-based nanoparticles for medical applications, including mRNA delivery for osteoarthritis treatment and a cell-free scaffold for cartilage regeneration. She described the nanoparticles' unique structure and delivery mechanism, which allows for better cell penetration and bioactivity compared to existing options. Mari also highlighted the advantages of producing these products in space, where microgravity leads to a more uniform and structurally sound scaffold, resulting in improved tissue regeneration and faster healing rates. Note that I did briefly stop her to explain “Janus-based nanoparticles,” a definition and explanation that was definitely helpful.Mari explained their work on developing medical products, both on Earth and in space, and discussed their progress in gaining FDA approval for their space-created medical product. She mentioned that they have early-stage agreement with the FDA for establishing equivalency between Earth and space samples. David asked about the mechanism for FDA approval of space-created medical products, to which Mari responded that they need to develop this pathway. Mari also addressed David's questions about funding and potential budget cuts, stating that they have stable funding from NASA and an Innovation Grant for a cancer application. She mentioned that they are building relationships with the Department of Defense and SpaceWorks to explore additional funding opportunities and potential applications of their product for troops and long-distance space travel.Our discussion continued focusing on the company's work with Janus-based nanoparticles and their development in microgravity, which has resulted in structural improvements of over 40% due to the lack of sedimentation and convection. Mari explained that her partner, a biomedical engineer at the University of Connecticut, has developed these technologies with funding from various sources including NIH, NSF, and NASA. The company is exploring partnerships with private space companies and has relationships with Axiom, Vast, and others to determine if parabolic flights or autonomous platforms could be sufficient for their needs. They are also considering lunar applications, though questions remain about the effectiveness of 1.6G on the moon compared to microgravity. Note that our Zoom participants were asking our guest many technical and engineering questions during this discussion though their questions were not specifically mentioned in this AI summary.Our Space Show team discussed the potential profitability of producing medical materials in space, with Mari explaining that financial models show the venture could be profitable even at small volumes due to premium pricing similar to existing drugs like CAR T cells (for those of you not familiar with this therapy, check it out here: Home - Explore CAR T). Phil offered to share data on launch costs to various orbits, while the group explored questions about future production environments and subsidies. John inquired about clinical indications for human trials, to which Mari explained they would act as a delivery component for licensing partners, with initial in-house products likely focusing on musculoskeletal conditions like osteoarthritis, where there are currently no effective treatments. AJ also offered to share some of his data with Mari.We discussed manufacturing processes and requirements for space-based medicine production. Mari explained they are currently in proof of concept phase with small batch production, aiming to develop an autonomous production process before scaling up. They confirmed having conversations with Varda and the Explorer company. The production process requires 48 hours in microgravity, making suborbital flights impractical, and the product maintains bioactivity for 6 months at ambient temperature, with plans to test longer-term stability.As we were moving toward the end of our program, Mari focused on three main questions about her company's space products (listen for them in the program). Mari explained that while they have a 10-year timeline to profitability if costs continue to decrease the timeline might shorten. She said they are already generating revenue from Earth-made products. She highlighted their advantage in delivering various types of nucleic acids and drugs due to their tubular structure, noting plans to test cancer applications with RNA and an FDA-approved drug in early 2026. The conversation also revealed that there are millions in potential healthcare solutions blocked by current delivery mechanisms, with Mari's company potentially addressing this issue through their technology, which has already attracted interest from gene editing companies.Mari discussed the development and potential of nanotube delivery systems for pharmaceuticals, highlighting their advantages over existing methods like lipid nanoparticles and viral vectors. This would be especially important for gene therapy and editing. She emphasized the simplicity, customizability, and stability of their technology, as well as its potential for tissue penetration and reduced production complexity. The conversation also touched on the commercialization challenges and opportunities in space pharmaceuticals, with Mari noting that space-based testing could accelerate drug development and reduce costs. The group discussed the potential for insurance coverage of advanced medical treatments and the need for validated commercial examples to demonstrate the efficacy of space-based medicine.Please post your comments/questions for this program on our blog at www.thespaceshow.com. You can also leave comments on our Substack page. I will do my est to follow your comments and make sure our guest is aware of them. Keep in mind it is always up the guest regarding replying to listener blog comments.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4422: TBD | Monday 25 Aug 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonGuest TBDLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

John Batchelor and I welcomed Rick Fisher back to the program to discuss China's space program, focusing on the Long March 10 and 9 rockets. Rick explained that the Long March 10, which recently passed a static test, is designed to transport cargo and astronauts to the moon, while the Long March 9, similar in size to SpaceX's Starship, is intended for lunar missions and eventual Mars expeditions. David asked about China's funding of their space program given report of Chinese economic problems. Rick noted that China's space program is a priority for the Communist Party due to its strategic importance. He suggested that the Chinese government may prioritize space exploration over other areas due to its focus on maintaining power. Rick also outlined a timeline for China's lunar program. Rick was also asked about their work on human spaceflight medical challenges plus their lunar settlement plans, if any. You might be surprised by what our guest had to say about their lunar development settlement plans/program.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4422: TBD | Monday 25 Aug 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonGuest TBDLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServhttps://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Please note that we experienced unidentified audio problems for this program including callers using our toll free line. We sincerely apologize for this unfortunate audio problem.In this space policy discussion, host David and guest Michael Listener, a space attorney, addressed recent developments including potential changes to COMSTACK, budget concerns, and the Trump administration's approach to commercial space through executive orders. They explored international competition with China, regulatory challenges for lunar nuclear power, and the philosophical differences between US and European space law approaches. The conversation also covered practical ways citizens can influence space policy, though both speakers acknowledged the difficulty of accessing decision-makers without connections or expensive lobbying efforts. I also reminded listeners that the show is a nonprofit needing support, we acknowledged our sponsors and provided instructions for donors to support us as we are a listener supported program.Our guest, Michael Listener, space attorney, discussed recent developments in space policy with us. Michael explained that the reported dismissal of COMSTAC was from an executive order issued by the Trump administration, suggesting it might be a better move to start with fresh membership rather than completely eliminating the committee. Michael noted that COMSTAC only offers recommendations and cannot make policy decisions. Regarding budget cuts for science and space programs, Michael believed the administration likely has legal grounds for overriding Congressional budget decisions, noting that such actions will probably be challenged in court.I asked Michael about China potentially reaching the moon before the US, emphasizing the importance of establishing precedent and rules in space. Michael said there might probably be a bipartisan "political feeding frenzy" in Congress if China beats the US to the moon, though he doubts this would lead to sustained focus on space given today's news cycles. Michael also expressed concern about the SLS rocket program being locked into law through the CHIPS Act, describing it as "expensive and really unsustainable." He noted significant philosophical differences between US and European approaches to space law, with Europeans favoring top-down regulations while the US prefers developing laws as activities evolve.I experienced technical difficulties with the toll free phone during a call with AJ. AJ talked about the allocation of funds in a bill, specifically whether Trump could accept only certain parts (4 and 5) but not others. Michael suggested that the money was likely already appropriated so they would be stuck with it.We discussed the Trump administration's interest in space, particularly commercial space, citing a recent executive order that aims to reduce regulation, simplify environmental reviews for spaceports, and elevate the office of commercial space to report directly to the Secretary of Transportation. Michael acknowledged that while space is a priority for the administration, they have many other pressing issues to handle. I also addresses a question about NASA leadership, stating that having a dedicated administrator would be more advantageous than an acting administrator who splits time between NASA and another agency. When asked about how ordinary citizens can influence space policy, Michael suggested contacting representatives directly or getting involved with an NGO.We further discussed the challenges of influencing policy, noting that it often requires connections to decision-makers or hiring expensive lobbyists. Michael said the he liked writing articles to gain attention, occasionally working with congressional offices, though with mixed results. When asked about anti-space program sentiment, Michael indicated that while there are people who believe space funding could be better spent elsewhere, this isn't an organized movement but rather a common belief. He observes that most people generally like space and enjoy rocket launches despite lacking detailed knowledge. Both thought there was some degree of a shift in public perception toward SpaceX and Elon Musk, with people now reacting negatively to SpaceX merchandise.I brought up the regulatory implications of placing a nuclear power plant on the moon, noting that while there are international protocols for nuclear power, there aren't many binding rules yet for space activities. We said that nuclear power was necessary for lunar installations since sunlight isn't available for about two weeks at a time on the Moon. Placing a reactor there may raise some questions about sovereignty and access restrictions. Michael clarified that environmental laws are designed for Earth's biosphere and don't extend to outer space, despite some environmentalists' attempts to apply them beyond Earth. He provided examples plus he briefly talked about when environmental assessments are required for space missions, specifically for launches with radioactive power sources and for missions returning materials to Earth.In closing, Michael discussed his interest in seeing if the National Space Council reconvenes plus he wants to see whether more space policies will come from the administration before year-end. He explained that executive orders are an efficient way to implement space policy compared to legislation, though they can be reversed by future administrations. When a caller asked about effective ways to communicate with policymakers, David and Michael acknowledge the difficulty of getting direct access to government officials, suggesting that messages to the White House website are likely only tabulated statistically rather than individually considered.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4421: Mari Anne Snow (Zoom & livestream) | Friday 22 Aug 2025 930AM PTGuests: Mari Anne SnowMari, CEO of Eascra Biotech, talks about their in space pioneering precision therapeutic delivery solutions for challenging tissues, including articular cartilage, kidneys, & ECMBroadcast 4422: TBD | Monday 25 Aug 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonGuest TBDLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServhttps://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Our Open Lines program began by delving into a wide-ranging discussion about space exploration topics including nuclear power on the Moon, micro reactors, and SpaceX's Starship program. Together we explored various challenges facing space missions, including regulatory hurdles, technical limitations, and the need for proper infrastructure, while also discussing the financial implications of space programs and the role of government involvement. The conversation ended with updates on upcoming events, including an art show by Dr. Ajay and discussions about Artemis program development, along with announcements about future Space Show programs. Joining us in our Zoom discussion were Marshall Martin, John Hunt, Dr. Sherry Bell, Dr. Ajay Kothari, and John Jossy. We had a call from Tony in Pasadena and a few emails from the live stream listening audience. I also talked about my recent Coast to Coast appearance on one or two specific topics in conjunction with anew Sunday Op-Ed by Mark Whitington.Discussion Review:I opened the discussing by my talking about nuclear power on the Moon during my recent Coast to Coast AM interview. I commented on the surprising opposition from some listeners, I was asked to comment on Secretary Duffy's proposal to explore nuclear power options for lunar habitats and I said that was strategically important for controlling valuable real estate under international space treaties, particularly given China's potential to claim territory around their first lunar nuclear power plant. The discussion highlighted regulatory challenges and the need for ground testing facilities. Both John Hunt and John Jossy agreed that while nuclear power would be necessary for polar region exploration, the timing might be premature without proper infrastructure in place. Again, for our Space Show program I often referred to the Whittington Op-Ed.Our Open Lines group discussed the development and implementation of micro nuclear reactors for lunar bases, with Ajay emphasizing the need for these small reactors, which could power about 1,000 homes, to be developed and tested. Marshall raised concerns about safety zones around these reactors, noting that while traditional reactors require large safety areas, micro reactors would need significantly smaller ones. I mentioned that NPR had reported on 100 kilowatt reactors, which could power a lunar base, and discussed the potential opposition and costs associated with such projects per Whittington. We also touched on the use of nuclear power in space missions and the design of a 50-megawatt reactor by Dr. Ajay, which could be scaled down for smaller applications.We talked a lot about the public understanding and interest in space exploration, with David expressing surprise at the lack of awareness about space program challenges per an email I received directly from a Coast to Coast listener. Ajay suggested this was due to the general audience's focus on other topics like world events and personal interests, while Marshall noted that even educated audiences lack depth of knowledge about space programs. The discussion concluded with John Jossy raising concerns about the technical challenges of an autonomous lunar lander mission by 2030, with Ajay agreeing it would likely be delayed until 2034 or 2035. By the way, I sent two email replies to the Coast listener that email me re challenges and negativity. I never got a reply from him. I also invited him to listen and participate in this OL program. He was a no show.Next, Marshall presented calculations on SpaceX's financial projections, estimating that Elon Musk would need approximately $1 billion for Starship testing and $15 billion for deploying 4,000 Starlink satellites. He suggested that Starlink could capture up to a quarter of the global communication services market, potentially generating between $40 billion to $200 billion annually, which could fund Musk's Mars project and other space initiatives. The discussion concluded with participants agreeing that while Musk's high unfavorable rating (67%) could pose political challenges, his influence on commercial space development would be difficult to replace, as other companies struggle to match SpaceX's progress in reusability and space technology.Next up was our discussion about the potential impact of government regulations on space exploration, with Marshall suggesting that adding bureaucracy could delay missions by 25 years. We also explored the topic of UFOs and UAPs, with John Hunt mentioning that Sean Duffy would be requesting a briefing on the subject. The conversation then shifted to the credibility of information in the UFO community, with David expressing skepticism about government and media integrity, and John Hunt discussing the potential for disinformation to discredit individuals sharing sensitive information. Personally, I believe the topic is so contaminated with bad information from everyone including government that it would be hard to believe anything regardless of the source or disclosure.August 24,SpaceX's Starship launch plans were mentioned with John Jossy reporting the next launch is scheduled for August 24, Sunday at 7:30 AM Eastern time, including testing of Starlink mass simulators and a raptor test in orbit. Ajay raised concerns about Starship's suitability for lunar missions, citing its large size and technical challenges, particularly regarding refueling and thrust-to-weight ratio for moon landings. The discussion concluded that a smaller vehicle like Blue Origin's New Glenn Mark 2 (approximately 30-40 tons) would be more suitable for Artemis missions than SpaceX's HLS concept, which Ajay argued is too heavy and complex for lunar transportation needs.The audience expressed concerns about delays in the Artemis program, particularly for Artemis 3, which is scheduled for 2027 but may be pushed to 2028. They expressed worry about the lack of coordination between independent projects, such as spacesuits and rovers, needed for the mission. Ajay mentioned that Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics Lab is working on integrating these components through NASA contracts, but there were questions about whether this was being done effectively. The group also discussed the need for a dedicated Artemis program manager to oversee these efforts.The group discussed the importance of the double catch milestone for SpaceX's Starship program, which requires two towers for successful completion. Caller Tony shared information about a YouTube channel by Phil Sloss that provides weekly updates on Artemis development, noting that Artemis 2 is ahead of schedule. We also discussed the need for more transparency in space operations and the potential for inviting Artemis managers as guests to their program. Marshall raised questions about the cost of refurbishing Starship systems for reuse, estimating it at around 10% of the cost of a new system, though others noted that such figures are not publicly available. In learning about the excellent work by Philip Sloss regarding Artemis, I believe I spoke too soon on project management concerns for the Artemis program. I have reached out to Phil to see if he will be a Space Show guest. I will let everyone know if he accepts the invitation.Several additional topics, including the mentioning of Ajay's upcoming art show featuring 30-40 of his paintings which will be available for viewing and purchase on his website. His art website information link is posted on our blog for this program at www.thespaceshow.com. Dr. Sherry Bell mentioned Robert Zubrin's advocacy for nuclear power and his new book "The Case for Nukes." John Jossy shared information about a new book titled "A Dream Renewed: O'Neill's Vision in the 21st Century," which explores space settlements and technology. I announced upcoming guests for the Space Show, including Michael Listner discussing the administration and Comstack on Tuesday, and Mari from a biotech company focusing on artificial organs and space nanomedicine on Friday. For Sunday's show, will invite potential guests to call in and discuss their space-related projects if the scheduled guest does not confirm.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4421: Mari Anne Snow (Zoom & livestream) | Friday 22 Aug 2025 930AM PTGuests: Mari Anne SnowMari, CEO of Eascra Biotech, talks about their in space pioneering precision therapeutic delivery solutions for challenging tissues, including articular cartilage, kidneys, & ECMBroadcast 4422: TBD | Monday 25 Aug 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonGuest TBDLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Airplanes go through testing so they don't exceed noise levels set for their body type.

John, David and Andrew Chanin (our guest) discussed UFO, ETF (Exchange Traded Fund), which offers exposure to over 40 publicly traded space-related companies worldwide. Their conversation explored investment opportunities in both public and private space companies, including large aerospace firms and emerging startups. Andrew examined investment vehicles such as ETFs, special purpose vehicles (SPVs), and private securities markets, highlighting the challenges of accessing high-profile private companies like SpaceX, which are often limited to institutional or high-net-worth investors.The discussion also emphasized the importance of understanding company profitability, investment risks, and the need for consulting financial advisors for suitability, especially for long-term goals like retirement or education.Beyond financial considerations, Andrew explored the future of space infrastructure, including lunar bases, commercial stations, and national security concerns. Our guest noted the need for capital management, technological diversity, and strategies to address satellite traffic and debris in low Earth orbit.The conversation concluded by underlining the dual-use potential (commercial and defense) of space technologies and the strategic importance of space development for both economic and military applications.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4418: Michael Listner, Atty | Tuesday 19 Aug 2025 700PM PTGuests: Michael ListnerMichael will talk about administration space policy changes, commercial space and more for one hour.Broadcast 4420: Hotel Mars TBD | Wednesday 20 Aug 2025 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David LivingstonHotel Mars TBDBroadcast 4420: Hotel Mars TBD | Wednesday 20 Aug 2025 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David LivingstonHotel Mars TBDBroadcast 4421: Mari Anne Snow (Zoom & livestream) | Friday 22 Aug 2025 930AM PTGuests: Mari Anne SnowMari, CEO of Eascra Biotech, talks about their in space pioneering precision therapeutic delivery solutions for challenging tissues, including articular cartilage, kidneys, & ECMBroadcast 4422: TBD | Monday 25 Aug 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonGuest TBDLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServhttps://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

The Space Show presents Dr. A.J. Kothar via Zoom leading a discussion on how best to return & get infrastructure to the Moon. Tuesday, August 12, 2025Our discussion centered on Ajay Kothari's proposal to use multiple Falcon Heavy rockets for lunar missions as a cost-effective alternative to NASA's SLS and SpaceX's Starship. Kothari argued this method could be implemented within two years at an estimated cost of $400–600 million, and would avoid political pushback by serving as a complement rather than a replacement for existing programs. His plan involves docking multiple upper stages in low Earth orbit, then sending them to the Moon to land infrastructure payloads like nuclear power components. However, participants raised concerns over technical feasibility, payload delivery, landing mechanics, and cost estimates. By the way, do see Ajay's presentation which has been uploaded to our blog for this program.Phil presented Ajay's slides for the group to refer to during our program. Our continued discussion addressed leveraging current SLS/Orion infrastructure, despite general dissatisfaction with their limitations.Key technical concerns included the following by those in the Zoom meeting with Dr. Kothari:* Rick questioned the structural viability of connecting multiple upper stages, referencing challenges faced by Falcon Heavy.* Phil noted possible high costs and a lack of existing control systems.* Doug challenged Ajay's assumptions on Falcon Heavy's actual payload capabilities, prompting references to NASA's verified data.* Ajay explained his design accounts for partial reuse and optimized payload delivery, and he agreed to prepare a comparative metrics table for future presentations.Broader discussion shifted to Artemis program challenges, with skepticism from David and others about the realistic timeline and lack of cohesive leadership. Participants debated whether public-private partnerships, government direction, or commercial entrepreneurs like Musk and Bezos should lead space efforts. Ajay supported a hybrid approach, emphasizing infrastructure-building, not just symbolic landings.Additional topics includedThe strategic value of nuclear power (e.g., Kilopower project) for lunar manufacturing.* The importance of establishing infrastructure at the Moon's South Pole, including potential use of water ice as a fuel resource.* Phil's critique of NASA's over-reliance on commercialization.* Charles's belief that China will reach the Moon first, citing inconsistent U.S. program management.* The program concluded with debate over the realistic date for returning humans to the Moon, with predictions ranging from 2028–2029, and acknowledgments that China's progress may influence U.S. urgency.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4418: Michael Listner, Atty | Tuesday 19 Aug 2025 700PM PTGuests: Michael ListnerMichael will talk about administration space policy changes, commercial space and more for one hour.Broadcast 4420: Hotel Mars TBD | Wednesday 20 Aug 2025 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David LivingstonHotel Mars TBDBroadcast 4420: Hotel Mars TBD | Wednesday 20 Aug 2025 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David LivingstonHotel Mars TBDBroadcast 4421: Mari Anne Snow (Zoom & livestream) | Friday 22 Aug 2025 930AM PTGuests: Mari Anne SnowMari, CEO of Eascra Biotech, talks about their in space pioneering precision therapeutic delivery solutions for challenging tissues, including articular cartilage, kidneys, & ECMBroadcast 4422: TBD | Monday 25 Aug 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonGuest TBDLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServhttps://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

John Clark is Senior Vice President of Technology and Strategic Innovation at Lockheed Martin Skunk Works, the legendary advanced development program behind the U-2, SR-71, F-117, and F-35. Over his 27-year career, including 25 inside Skunk Works, he has led some of the most important innovations in aerospace and defense. Chris Moran is Vice President and General Manager of Lockheed Martin Ventures, the corporate venture arm investing in breakthrough startups across AI, autonomy, advanced manufacturing, power, and propulsion to bring critical technologies into Lockheed's programs. In this episode of Defense Tech Underground, we sit down with John and Chris to explore how a century-old prime contractor sustains a culture of innovation while working alongside a new generation of defense tech startups. We cover: Skunk Works culture and the 14 rules – why they still matter today, and how Clark applied them in leading programs from the F-22 to modern autonomy efforts. Innovation with purpose – Lockheed's philosophy of tying new technology directly to warfighter needs, from AI-tuned radar to layered defense systems. Lockheed Ventures – Moran's view on “gaps and hedges,” the fund's 90+ portfolio companies, and how primes and startups can create one-plus-one-equals-three outcomes. AI and open architectures – where generative AI, advanced autonomy, and spectrum convergence are reshaping design, manufacturing, and operations. The prime paradox – responding to critics who call primes slow and risk-averse, and why, in Clark's words, “don't believe the hype—innovation happens every day inside Lockheed.” This conversation highlights how the largest defense contractor in the world is leaning into venture capital, software-hardware convergence, and cultural lessons from Skunk Works to keep pace with evolving threats while partnering with startups. This episode is hosted by Josh Pickering and Andrew Couillard. Full Bios: John Clark John Clark is Senior Vice President, Technology and Strategic Innovation at Lockheed Martin, where he leads enterprise technology strategy and investment, including companywide digital and AI initiatives. He moved into the role after serving as Vice President and General Manager of Skunk Works from 2022 to early 2025. Earlier, Clark was Vice President of Engineering and Technology for Aeronautics and previously Vice President for ISR and Unmanned Systems at Skunk Works, roles that spanned portfolio leadership, systems integration, and multi-domain operations. Chris Moran Chris Moran is Executive Director and General Manager of Lockheed Martin Ventures, the company's venture capital arm. He joined in 2016 after three decades in Silicon Valley, including senior executive roles at Applied Materials and eight years running Applied Ventures. He holds BS and MS degrees in mechanical engineering from MIT. Moran's team invests across priority areas aligned with Lockheed Martin's strategy. The fund size was doubled to $400M in 2022, and LM Ventures partners closely with internal engineering groups on adoption. He also engages with Stanford's Hacking for Defense program.

Our program opened with my announcing changes to the show's format, including a new Tuesday Zoom-broadcast program, a toll-free call-in line, and details about upcoming guests such as Dr. Kothari returning to the Moon plans and Andrew Chanin of the UFO ETF being on Hotel Mars for Wednesday. He reminded listeners of the show's nonprofit status and encouraged support.With Dr. Tom Matula as our guest, our main topic centered around his new MBA programs focused on space commerce which he developed at Sul Ross University in Texas.Tom introduced the 100% online, accredited MBA in space commerce, featuring 12 core business courses and 4 space-specific courses, including a capstone project. The program is asynchronous, can be completed in one year, and benefits from proximity to Texas spaceports. We also reviewed a few of the other MBA in Space Commerce programs, noting their high tuition ($102K–$131K) and its face-to-face structure with online components. Tom's program is one of only two such specialized MBA programs in the U.S. and is part of the PASEC coalition. Tom compared his program's tuition cost to those of the other schools that were mentioned a few minutes earlier.Texas was highlighted for its strong support of the space industry, including a $350 million grant program and a planned $200 million Mars simulation facility. The discussion also covered credit transfer policies and the need for business-savvy professionals in space ventures, especially given the exciting and rapid development of the entrepreneurial commercial space sector.In terms of commercial space exploration, Tom discussed SpaceX's Starship and Falcon 9, noting reduced costs, increased reliability, and independence from government funding, driven by Starlink revenues. Starship is expected to revolutionize satellite deployment.Tom also covered:* Job opportunities in space commerce, particularly for finance and business professionals.* The launch of a companion MBA in aerospace and defense management.* The risks of poor business management in space startups.* The potential and challenges of Helium-3 mining on the moon.Tom emphasized future commercial opportunities with lunar and Martian activities, including data centers, AI, tourism, and homesteading. He also addressed technical challenges like spacecraft refueling and the use of lunar oxygen to improve efficiency. Finally, they explored the broader future of space travel, including the potential end of SLS/Orion, rise of private space stations, and NASA's reliance on Starship for future missions. The session concluded with a reiteration of the importance of combining business and technical expertise in building a sustainable space economy.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4415 (Zoom & Live Stream) Dr. Ajay Kothari | Tuesday 12 Aug 2025 200PM PTGuests: Dr. Ajay KothariSpecial time 2 PM PDT, 5 PM EDT: Zoom & Live Stream: Dr. Kothari leads a discussion regarding alternatives & options for lunar returnBroadcast 4416 Hotel Mars: Andrew Chanin | Wednesday 13 Aug 2025 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David Livingston, Andrew ChaninAndrew Chanin on commercial space investing, EFTs, IPOs and moreFriday, August 15: No Program today | Friday 15 Aug 2025 930AM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonNo program todayBroadcast 4417 Open Lines Discussion | Sunday 17 Aug 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonOpen Lines Discussion. We want to hear from you so call 866-687-7223-Live Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/streamBe sure to check out our Substack page, doctorspace.substack.com. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Hotel Mars with Rand Simberg, August 6, 2025John and I, with our guest Rand Simberg, focused this one segment Hotel Mars program on the role of commercial space with regards to our effort to return to the Moon. Rand Simberg explainrd that while NASA's Artemis program includes public-private partnerships with SpaceX and Blue Origin, Congress has been requiring the use of the Space Launch System (SLS) for the past 15 years to maintain jobs and workforce. Rand noted that the SLS program faces significant costs, with each Artemis launch averaging $30 billion. The Administration recommended ending the program after 2 more flights but Congress funded 3 additional flights plus associated hardware and infrastructure in the recently passed Big Beautiful Bill.We expressed concerns about the U.S. losing the moon race to China due to the current focus on the Space Launch System (SLS), which Rand believed is not sustainable. He suggested that the money spent on SLS could be redirected to more innovative and affordable space transportation solutions. David also noted that the NASA administrator position remains unfilled, which he sees as a potential obstacle to advancing space exploration goals.Before ending our program, Rand discussed the challenges and progress of human lunar lander development, comparing SpaceX and Blue Origin's capabilities. He noted that SpaceX is developing a larger lunar lander but faces uncertainty about refueling on orbit, while Blue Origin's timeline extends to 2030. Rand expressed confidence in SpaceX's ability to make rapid progress once they successfully launch their new version into orbit, addressing concerns about refueling.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4415 (Zoom & Live Stream) Dr. Ajay Kothari | Tuesday 12 Aug 2025 200PM PTGuests: Dr. Ajay KothariSpecial time 2 PM PDT, 5 PM EDT: Zoom & Live Stream: Dr. Kothari leads a discussion regarding alternatives & options for lunar returnBroadcast 4416 Hotel Mars: Andrew Chanin | Wednesday 13 Aug 2025 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David Livingston, Andrew ChaninAndrew Chanin on commercial space investing, EFTs, IPOs and moreFriday, August 15: No Program today | Friday 15 Aug 2025 930AM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonNo program todayBroadcast 4417 Open Lines Discussion | Sunday 17 Aug 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonOpen Lines Discussion. We want to hear from you so call 866-687-7223-Live Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServhttps://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Dr. Space, host of The Space Show, recently hosted a compelling conversation with Ben Roberts, founder and CEO of Skyworker Work Group Finance and Advisory Surfaces LLC. The discussion centered on financing space business entrepreneurs developing health and material products in microgravity. They explored how the unique conditions of space, specifically the absence of gravity—can be leveraged to manufacture advanced materials and medical goods. These include protein crystals for medicines, engineered nanoparticles, 3D-printed cardiac tissue, and accelerated aging models for studying diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.Although the microgravity economy remains in its early stages, with no companies yet achieving significant commercial profitability, several ventures are nearing viability. Experts believe these companies could access substantial markets within the next 3–5 years, once regulatory hurdles are cleared.Our guest Ben outlined the foundations of in-space manufacturing. He explained how microgravity eliminates forces like sedimentation and convection, enabling the creation of next-generation materials and technologies that may no longer be feasible to produce on Earth. While the concept has been explored for decades, real progress has emerged only in the past 5–6 years, with more defined use cases nearing commercialization.Key applications discussed include:* High-quality protein crystals for drug development;* Advanced nanoparticles;* 3D-printed cardiac tissue;* Accelerated aging studies for neurological diseases.Ben likened the microgravity economy to the startup ecosystem 15 years ago—rich in innovation and investor interest, but still pre-revenue. He pointed out that many space-based life science companies are close to proving commercial viability. These businesses could tap into eight- or nine-figure markets once they secure regulatory approvals.As an example, he cited LambdaVision,a company developing artificial retinas. Initially funded through federal R&D grants, the company now requires relatively modest monthly investments ($25,000–$50,000) to complete clinical trials.Ben discussed the broader political and funding environment. While microgravity research is not currently a federal priority, bipartisan coalitions are emerging in Congress. He noted that most ventures are focused on low Earth orbit (LEO), where zero gravity can be achieved without needing to go to cislunar space. The sector remains early in the "hype curve," but Ben was optimistic that commercial breakthroughs—such as personalized cancer treatments—could arrive within 3–5 years, potentially at a fraction of traditional pharmaceutical development costs.A listener email from Jane raised the issue of limited awareness among doctors regarding space-based medical solutions, like printing replacement menisci in orbit for people with damaged knees. She also suggested that doctors dismiss such ideas or products thus patients remain in the dark about the progress unless they start internet searches themselves. Ben acknowledged this gap but noted that companies such as Redwire are actively collaborating with medical institutions. Responding to another listener, Jerry, he addressed the uncertain future of the ISS and the coming role of private space stations. Ben suggested that some manufacturing processes may not require constant human presence and could benefit from uncrewed or short-duration orbital platforms.Our guest highlighted growing international interest, including from China, in space manufacturing. He noted that many ventures in this sector can operate with relatively modest capital (eight figures), making global partnerships feasible—especially for life sciences applications. Although many U.S. companies are focused on other space segments, the microgravity manufacturing niche is largely populated by small U.S.-based firms. On space tourism, Ben explained that the main obstacle is not technology but the business model. Even with costs dropping from $50 million to $10 million per seat, space tourism remains out of reach for most consumers.When I asked our guest how to pitch space ventures such as those we have been talking about to investors, Ben suggested presenting space as a nascent but high-potential industry—akin to early-stage AI or social media. He emphasized the need for honesty about risks while pointing out the sector's long-term upside. He noted that space ventures can yield high impact, citing efforts to cure blindness or treat degenerative diseases, but they require years of development and significant investment. Once established, however, these companies may enjoy insulation from competition with huge global markets.Ben touched on the difficulties of investing in space settlement, suggesting that lunar habitats are not yet commercially viable due to supply chain and infrastructure constraints. He also discussed the high costs and insurance coverage implications of new space-based medical technologies, such as artificial retinas designed to restore vision. He mentioned a cancer drug company that improved its product through microgravity R&D and subsequently saw notable financial returns. Ben noted insurance challenges. For example, how would a commercial company insure its hardware and infrastructure in LEO or on the lunar surface? How would one value it?He addressed legal concerns such as property rights in space, particularly in the context of commercial space stations. Questions remain, especially regarding bankruptcy and asset ownership in orbit, but regulators still have time to address these challenges. I noted growing interest from major investment banks, citing Firefly Aerospace's IPO and its support from institutions in the U.S., U.K., and Germany as evidence that traditional finance is beginning to take space ventures seriously. Our guest had much to say on this matter, the larger, global and powerful banking and investment houses, especially when compared to the angles helping the entrepreneurs raise necessary funding.I asked our guest, Ben Roberts, in his conclusion to share insights into investing in space-related startups. He emphasized that these are high-risk, venture-style deals typically available only to accredited investors. He advised against using retirement or college savings for such investments, recommending instead a diversified portfolio approach. Ben offered to connect interested investors with opportunities and recommended sources for updates in these opportunities and markets. Before ending, I asked about investment or entrepreneurial interest in future applications of space technology in veterinary medicine. I was a bit surprised that he said no given how large the vet and pet markets have become, especially in the US and other countries. If anybody out there is listening, perhaps there might be ground flow opportunities looming for those that know what is happening in terrestrial pet and vet markets.Listeners interested in learning more or exploring investment opportunities can contact Ben at ben.roberts@piorchard.net.This summary has been posted at www.thespaceshow.com for this program on August 8, 2025 plus our Substack page, doctorspac.substack.com.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4414: Dr. Tom Matula | Sunday 10 Aug 2025 1200PM PTGuests: MatulaCommercial space program starting @ Tom's university.Live Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServhttps://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Meeting notes for Sponable on Tuesday , August 5, 20245 interview:We welcomed back Jess Sponable, who shared his expertise on the feasibility of the Golden Dome defense system, drawing from his experience with DARPA and DCX. Jess explained that while Golden Dome is technically possible, it would require significant software and sensor technology development, and he noted that the US has robust safeguards against nuclear threats. David and Jess briefly touched on the anniversary of the atomic bombings of Japan to end World War II but did not focus on that topic as part of this program. We did briefly discuss the historical context of nuclear weapons and the decision to drop the atomic bomb to end World War II, emphasizing the potential human cost of an invasion of Japan. I expressed gratitude for President Truman's decision, which he believes saved millions of lives. I then shifted the conversation to vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) technology, tracing its origins to science fiction and highlighting key figures like Phil Bono and Max Hunter who advocated for fully reusable VTOL systems.Jess discussed the evolution of single-stage-to-orbit and vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) concepts, highlighting early crude designs and the Chrysler Beta space shuttle concept. He shared his experience with the DCX program, which flew a subsonic proof of concept demonstrator for a vertical takeoff, landing Lox hydrogen-powered rocket. Jess noted the advantages of VTOL systems, such as a simple launch complex and rapid turnaround times, and mentioned that technology has improved significantly since then. He also mentioned two ongoing efforts for single-stage-to-orbit horizontal takeoff and landing and discussed various companies, including SpaceX, Blue Origin, Rocket Lab, and Relativity Space, that are working towards 100% reusability in space travel.Our guest discussed the reliability and safety of future flight systems, particularly focusing on vertical takeoff and landing vehicles. He compared the engineering challenges of these systems to the development of traditional aircraft, emphasizing the need for reliable engine performance and lightweight designs. David explained that modern rocket engines, with their high thrust-to-weight ratios and simplified designs, could lead to safer and more efficient flight systems in the future.Jess talked about the potential of liquid natural gas as a cheap and clean propellant for future space travel and point-to-point transportation systems. He explained that New Frontier Aerospace, his company, is focusing on developing a system that is more reliable and cost-effective than traditional airplanes, with a target of 2-hour travel times to 98% of global destinations. I mentioned that other companies are experimenting & developing point-to-point travel using orbital vehicles. Jess said that his New Frontier Aerospace is developing a different approach that avoids going to orbit, using a throttle-down rocket for long-distance travel. He also noted that their engine is in the final stages of qualification and will be used in both an orbital transfer vehicle and a delta-wing shaped airframe configuration for initial flights.Jess proceeded to discuss the noise levels of hypersonic vehicles, explaining that while they would be loud during takeoff, the noise would be minimal at cruising altitude of 160,000 feet, similar to a refrigerator or dishwasher. He noted that flight testing would be necessary to determine exact sound levels, and initial operations might focus on unmanned air vehicles. He also described their orbital transfer vehicle, Bifrost, which can transport payloads between various orbits and lunar orbit, powered by their Maelstrom engine.Jess was asked about his company's status as a private, equity and government contract-funded entity. He noted a potential for future public listing but currently focusing on careful growth. He explained that while interns have been considered, the company prioritizes experienced hires due to its early stage and ITAR restrictions on hiring foreign students. David also addressed questions about the DCX hardware, which is now in museums, and clarified that while the company aims to operate from airports rather than spaceports, noise and regulatory concerns need to be addressed with flight test data. He emphasized the importance of operability in system design and distinguished his company's approach from competitors like Boom Aerospace, highlighting its focus on vertical takeoff and landing, lower cost, and potential for both military and commercial markets.Jess went on to discuss a small rocket vehicle with 6 feet by 6 feet dimensions, weighing 3,000 pounds and providing 3,000 pounds of thrust, capable of 5 km/s delta-V and carrying 200-400 kg payload from LEO to GEO. He explained that while the vehicle could be scaled up, larger configurations would require higher propellant mass fractions and different tank configurations, with Falcon 9's second stage as an example of a high-performance design at 87-88% propellant fraction. Jess also noted that LOX/LNG is significantly easier to refuel in orbit than LOX/hydrogen, and discussed the possibility of using multiple engines for lunar lander applications, with existing commercial landers demonstrating feasibility on Falcon 9.Advancing Space Exploration and TechnologyAs we were coming to the close of the program, our guest discussed the progress and challenges in space exploration, highlighting the importance of vertical takeoff and landing systems in the commercial space industry. He expressed optimism about the future of space travel, emphasizing the potential for rapid growth in reusable launch systems and the role of NASA in facilitating this progress. He also addressed the development of nuclear fusion, noting that while significant breakthroughs are still years away, commercial investment in the field is encouraging. He concluded by advocating for continued innovation and collaboration between the private sector and government agencies to advance space exploration and technology.This summary is available at www.thespaceshow.com for this day and date program. Also at Substack, doctorspace.substack.com.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4413: Ben Roberts | Friday 08 Aug 2025 930AM PTGuests: Ben RobertsMicrogravity - everything you wanted to know and more! Specifically from an investor viewpoint.Broadcast 4414: Dr. Tom Matula | Sunday 10 Aug 2025 1200PM PTGuests: MatulaCommercial space program starting @ Tom's university.Live Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Dr. Livingston introduced Michael Gordon, a serial entrepreneur, author, and digital health innovator, known for co-founding Teladoc and developing VoIP telephone lines. Michael shared his background in space physics, including his graduate work on the magnetosphere and involvement in the Hayley's comet probe project. He discusses his Tachyon Tunnel sci fi book series, which explores the concept of using tachyons to build tunnels for faster-than-light travel, addressing the challenges of interstellar travel without requiring infinite energy.Michael discussed his science fiction series, the Tachyon Tunnel Series, which explores human drama and interaction in the galaxy. He explained that the series, inspired by authors like Robert Heinlein, Asimov, and Andy Weir, follows characters who use tachyon tunnels to travel across the galaxy, discovering an existing network built by an unknown civilization. He described the series' themes, including the struggle against an evil empire and the mystery of who built the tachyon tunnel system. He also touched on the plausibility of tachyon tunnels in real life, noting that they would allow for rapid interstellar travel.Michael talked about his belief in the potential for tachyon tunnels as a method for intergalactic travel, emphasizing their superiority over wormholes due to the immense gravitational forces required for wormholes, which would be destructive. He referenced the book "Gravitation" by Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler, highlighting the current understanding of gravity and its limitations, while also mentioning the challenges of reproducing and raising children in space, a topic he plans to address in his third book. Michael also touched on the evolution of science fiction, praising the work of Roddenberry and Asimov for their realistic visions of the future, and discussed the potential for simulated gravity in space using centrifuges and constant acceleration.Our guest talked about future space travel and settlement, emphasizing the development of tachyon-like travel and interstellar flight, as well as the establishment of large cities in Lagrange points. He highlighted the need to address challenges like microgravity and radiation protection in space environments. Michael also noted the shift from government-led space exploration to private enterprise, predicting that capitalism will drive the next generation of space explorers and settlers. He addressed a caller's question about space farming, suggesting a combination of farming and food replicators in space cities, while acknowledging the challenges of long-duration space travel to distant stars.Michael also discussed his book series, which is available on Amazon, and mentioned that the second book has won six awards and was a bestseller. He explained his writing process, which involves parallel editing and a print-on-demand system. David also addressed questions about tachyons, the Fermi paradox, and the possibility of future technologies for interstellar communication, suggesting that quantum entanglement might play a role in future travel and communication methods.We discussed the concept of "spooky action at a distance" in physics, comparing it to the behavior of identical twins, and listener John mentioned a conversation with a physicist friend who humorously equated dark energy with the Holy Spirit. Michael also shared insights about plasma, its role in the universe, and a book titled "A New Science of Heaven" by Robert Temple, which explores the speculative nature of plasma self-organization. Michael encouraged us to read the book for a new perspective on definitions. Additionally, he addressed a physics student's question about confirming the existence of tachyons, suggesting that the task would be better suited for young theoretical physicists and expressing interest in any creative ideas they might propose.Our guest also discussed the rapid advancements in space technology and exploration, highlighting the exponential growth in capabilities over the next few decades. He mentioned meeting Buzz Aldrin, who noted that current devices have more power than the computers used during the Apollo missions. David predicted significant progress in space travel, including returning to the moon and potentially heading to Mars within 5-6 years, driven by companies like SpaceX. He also touched on the potential for new AI technologies to solve complex problems and the theoretical concept of imaginary mass particles with real energy, though no such particles have been detected yet.Caller John, a retired mathematician and aerospace worker, discussed his interest in science and physics, particularly through the Space Show. Michael expressed a desire to meet John, who David said was one of his informal science teachers, and mentioned his belief in the possibility of extraterrestrial life visiting Earth. David also touched on the challenges of discussing controversial topics like the Fermi Paradox and UFO sightings, noting the difficulty in separating rational evidence from nonsense. Finally, he reflected on the persistence of conspiracy theories, such as the moon landing and flat Earth beliefs, and expressed frustration at the lack of evidence to prove the negative of such claims.David read a listener email from Grok suggesting that tachyons, particles moving faster than light, might emit a form of Cherenkov radiation and could be detected in particle accelerators. He also shared an email from Todd asking about his book writing process, where he explained that he outlines the general storyline of the third book while writing the second, with the science and human drama being key elements of his storytelling.Black Holes and Space Exploration.Michael then discussed the role of black holes in his upcoming books, explaining that while they are relevant, they are not a major part of the current story. He also explored the concept of tachyon tunnels and the potential challenges of emerging from them in space, emphasizing the importance of mapping safe exit points. David shared insights on the current state of space debris and the efforts to clean it up. Michael compared the sparsity of objects in space to the density of people on Earth. He expressed interest in creating an audio version of his books and mentioned plans to follow up with the host regarding the release of Book 3.Before ending, Michael shared a personal story about his friend Charlie Duke, who was the lunar module pilot on Apollo 16 and one of only four living people who walked on the moon. He described Charlie's authentic and heartfelt stories about his moon landing experience, including an anecdote about attempting a lunar high jump that was cut short when NASA discovered the incident through a camera.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4413: Ben Roberts | Friday 08 Aug 2025 930AM PTGuests: Ben RobertsMicrogravity - everything you wanted to know and more! Specifically from an investor viewpoint.Broadcast 4414: Dr. Tom Matula | Sunday 10 Aug 2025 1200PM PTGuests: MatulaCommercial space program starting @ Tom's university.Live Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServhttps://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

A conversation with Marc Arnold. Find the video of this conversation at https://youtu.be/QO0FKYGxuz8

In this podcast episode, Dr. Jonathan H. Westover talks with Andy Crocker about what losing to Musk and Bezos taught him about real leadership. Andy Crocker is an aerospace executive with three decades of experience building high-performance teams and leading ambitious projects, including NASA's Human Landing System. He holds degrees in engineering, humanities, management, and leadership and is an associate fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. His multidisciplinary educational background and diverse career shaped his unique perspective that led him to write The Unconditionals in which he reveals the foundational, timeless values that help readers unlock the potential for their greatest personal and professional fulfillment. He recently founded Overview Affection, a company that aims to extend the values contained in The Unconditionals to individuals and organizations. Check out all of the podcasts in the HCI Podcast Network!

The United States aviation industry is facing widespread shortages in various key job areas including pilots, traffic controllers, and possibly most importantly, mechanics. A large portion of the current mechanics are approaching retirement age and shortages can lead to aircrafts being grounded causing flight delays and increasing costs for a flight. It is predicted the airline industry will need nearly a million more mechanics over the next twenty years. Fox's Tonya J. Powers speaks to Suzanne Markle, the President and CEO of Pittsburgh Institute of Aeronautics, an institution for aviation maintenance technology, who says it is key to encourage younger Americans to gain interest in this much needed occupation that is a large part of our economy and an alternate to college-based jobs. Click Here⁠⁠⁠⁠ To Follow 'The FOX News Rundown: Evening Edition' Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices